wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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2568779 | Cortébert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cortébert | Cortébert
the population) did not answer the question.
# Education.
In Cortébert about 262 or (36.7%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 52 or (7.3%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a "Fachhochschule"). Of the 52 who completed tertiary schooling, 59.6% were Swiss men, 26.9% were Swiss women.
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they | 6,136,500 |
2568779 | Cortébert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cortébert | Cortébert
may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 61 students attending classes in Cortébert. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 9 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, and 22.2% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 3 primary classes and 51 students. Of the primary students, 3.9% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 35.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there was one lower secondary class with a total of one student. and 100.0% have a different mother language than the classroom language.
, | 6,136,501 |
2568779 | Cortébert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cortébert | Cortébert
ts of Switzerland (not citizens) and 35.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there was one lower secondary class with a total of one student. and 100.0% have a different mother language than the classroom language.
, there were 2 students in Cortébert who came from another municipality, while 45 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
Cortébert is home to the "Bibliothèque communale de Cortébert" library. The library has () 1,849 books or other media, and loaned out 1,518 items in the same year. It was open a total of 38 days with average of 1 hours per week during that year.
# External links.
- Cortébert Municipality website | 6,136,502 |
2568862 | Immigrant's Festival | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immigrant's%20Festival | Immigrant's Festival
Immigrant's Festival
The Immigrant's Festival ("Fiesta Nacional del Inmigrante") is celebrated in the city of Oberá, Misiones, in Argentina. The festival is aimed at collectively celebrating the diverse cultures that exist in Argentina and is held in honor of the customs, cultures, music, and cuisine of the country's different immigrant populations that have greatly enriched Argentina over time.
# History.
The festival was first conceived in 1979 and, as of that date, the annual National Celebration of the Immigrant has been organized by the Federation of Collectivity. Every year, the festival features new spectacles and the celebration attracts more than 120,000 visitors.
# Description.
The | 6,136,503 |
2568862 | Immigrant's Festival | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immigrant's%20Festival | Immigrant's Festival
annual festival takes place during the first fortnight of each September at "Parque de las Naciones" ("Nation's Park"), an estate that consists of approximately ; each group is provided with its own house. During the week, social, cultural, sport, and recreational activities are carried out in a festive climate of coexistence. Villagers and visitors gather around tables tasting exquisite dishes and customs that are typical of the area's culture.
During the days of the celebration, artistic spectacles of an international standard are successively featured, including ballet groups. Within the same estate, the "Commercial Fair" shows the commercial, farming and industrial facets of the region, | 6,136,504 |
2568862 | Immigrant's Festival | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immigrant's%20Festival | Immigrant's Festival
while the "Artisan Fair" displays a varied exhibition of high quality works that have been made by Argentine and foreign craftspeople.
One of the most important days of the festival is the election and coronation of the "National Queen of the Immigrant", where candidates who are the daughters and granddaughters of immigrants received votes from across the world.
French, German, Norwegian, Finnish, Swedish, Swiss, Icelandic, Italian, Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, Spanish, Japanese, Brazilian, Paraguayan, Arab (Lebanese and Syrian), Peruvian, and Danish collectivities were all represented at the 28th edition of the festival.
# 2005 edition.
In 2005, between September 3 and 15, the 26th edition | 6,136,505 |
2568862 | Immigrant's Festival | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immigrant's%20Festival | Immigrant's Festival
of the festival was held. The Czech community was new addition to that year's event and was assigned a space at the "Parque de las Naciones".
As part of the 2005 spectacles, artists of national repute, such Árbol, Turf, Airbag, Memphis la Blusera, Soledad Pastorutti, and invited singers from neighbouring countries like Paraguay and Brazil will appear in the "Norgus Jacob"—such performances will be in addition to the ballet groups and the collectivities.
On Thursday, September 8, 2005, one of the following candidates from the different communities was selected as the "Queen" of the festival:
- Germany: Elianne Oswald
- Arab: Rocío Chalup Dew
- Brazil: Marcia Pizzutti
- Spain: Natalia Fernandez
- | 6,136,506 |
2568862 | Immigrant's Festival | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immigrant's%20Festival | Immigrant's Festival
France: Valeria Vignolles
- Italy: Julian Sansaloni
- Nordic: Fanni Sand
- Paraguay: Lorene Britez
- Poland: Maria Sniechowski
- Russia: Noelia Bazila
- Switzerland: Marcela Christen
- Ukraine: Natalia Kornowski
- Japan: Débora Karasawa
- Czechoslovakia: Gabriela Iurinic
"The National Queen of the Immigrant" was chosen by a jury selected by the Federation of the Collectivities. Also, the newspaper, "El Territorio", from Posadas, organizes the election of the "Virtual Queen of the Immigrant", in which everybody is given until 10:30 p.m. of the coronation day (Thursday) to choose one of the candidates—the results were released on the same Thursday night, immediately following the election | 6,136,507 |
2568862 | Immigrant's Festival | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Immigrant's%20Festival | Immigrant's Festival
ely following the election of the National Queen, 1st and 2nd Princess, Miss Typical Cloth and Miss Friendship.
# 2007 edition.
The 28th annual Immigrant's Festival opened with an inaugural parade. The parade involved more than fifteen collectivities dressed in traditional wardrobe—some of the participating nations were France, Germany, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Iceland, Italy, Poland, Russia, Spain, Japan, Brazil, Paraguay, Arab, Peru, and Denmark.
# See also.
- Immigration to Argentina
- Encuentro y Fiesta Nacional de Colectividades
# External links.
- www.fiestadelinmigrante.com.ar Official Page. (Spanish)
- Election Virtual Queen of the Immigrant, to vote by one of the candidates. | 6,136,508 |
2568791 | Orvin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orvin | Orvin
Orvin
Orvin is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura ("Jura Bernois"). Above it, there is a small year round resort, called les "Prés-d'Orvin".
# History.
Orvin is first mentioned in 866 as "Ulvinc".
In 999 King Rudolph III of Burgundy gave Moutier-Grandval Abbey and its lands, including Orvin, to the Prince-Bishop of Basel. The village remained under the Bishop's direct control until 1295, when the Lords of Orvin received the village as a fief. They held the village until the end of the 14th century, after which it passed to the d'Orsans family and then the Lords of Rondchâtel. After | 6,136,509 |
2568791 | Orvin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orvin | Orvin
the Rondchâtel line died out, the village returned to the Bishop's control who placed it under the ecclesiastical vogt of Biel. The first town charter of 1352 was expanded and revised in 1643 and confirmed by the Bishop in 1668. It remained in effect until the end of the Ancien Régime. Starting in the 14th century, the feudal levies of Orvin were part of a company from Erguel and under the control of Biel. However, between 1649 and 1852, they formed a separate company with its own banner. The military company became a major local corporation, which became quite wealthy through offering loans.
The old village church of St. Peter was part of the diocese of Lausanne, while the town was owned by | 6,136,510 |
2568791 | Orvin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orvin | Orvin
the Bishop of Basel. St. Peter's was eventually demolished and a late-Gothic church was built in another location. That church was demolished in 1722 and replaced by the current Baroque church, which was decorated in 1916 by Paul Robert. The village accepted the Protestant Reformation in 1530. In the 17th Century, the population was afflicted by several witch trials.
After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Orvin became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. Three years later, in 1800 it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Orvin was assigned to the Canton of Bern.
During the late 19th century, the municipality | 6,136,511 |
2568791 | Orvin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orvin | Orvin
remained isolated from the growing Swiss railroad network. It remained generally agrarian and in 1930 had 95 farms. However, in the 1950s the population began to grow as good roads were built into the village. In the following twenty years the population increased by nearly one-third. As the population grew, several factories opened in Orvin. In 1954 the first factory, the Schäublin factory, opened in the municipality. It was followed by a Bulova factory in 1964, the Léchot company in 1961, LNS company in 1973 and Precimed in 1988. By 2005 only 10% of the working population worked in agriculture, while almost two-thirds worked in industry. The resort village of Les Prés-d'Orvin grew rapidly | 6,136,512 |
2568791 | Orvin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orvin | Orvin
as residents of Biel and Solothurn bought chalets. In 1951 there were 181 houses in Les Prés-d'Orvin, while in 1975 it had increased to 332.
# Geography.
Orvin has an area of . Of this area, or 37.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 57.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 4.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and or 0.6% is unproductive land.
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 3.0% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.5%. Out of the forested land, 52.3% of the total land area is heavily forested and 5.0% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 7.3% is used for growing crops and 11.5% is pastures and 18.2% is used | 6,136,513 |
2568791 | Orvin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orvin | Orvin
for alpine pastures.
It is located north of Biel/Bienne in a side valley of the Suze river.
On 31 December 2009 District de Courtelary, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.
# Coat of arms.
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is "Or on a Base Vert a Peasant clead Gules with a spear Sable topped Argent fighting a Bear rampant Sable langued armed and viriled of the third."
# Demographics.
Orvin has a population () of . , 9.1% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of -4%. Migration | 6,136,514 |
2568791 | Orvin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orvin | Orvin
accounted for 3.5%, while births and deaths accounted for -1.4%.
Most of the population () speaks French (1,019 or 82.5%) as their first language, German is the second most common (175 or 14.2%) and Albanian is the third (15 or 1.2%). There are 6 people who speak Italian.
, the population was 50.5% male and 49.5% female. The population was made up of 545 Swiss men (45.7% of the population) and 57 (4.8%) non-Swiss men. There were 539 Swiss women (45.2%) and 51 (4.3%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 463 or about 37.5% were born in Orvin and lived there in 2000. There were 384 or 31.1% who were born in the same canton, while 178 or 14.4% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, | 6,136,515 |
2568791 | Orvin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orvin | Orvin
and 131 or 10.6% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 21.7% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 58.2% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 20.1%.
, there were 479 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 593 married individuals, 101 widows or widowers and 62 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 181 households that consist of only one person and 32 households with five or more people. , a total of 474 apartments (59.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 293 apartments (36.4%) were seasonally occupied and 37 apartments (4.6%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing | 6,136,516 |
2568791 | Orvin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orvin | Orvin
units was 1.7 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0.73%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
# Sights.
The entire village of Orvin and the Taubenloch canyon are designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.
# Politics.
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 35.9% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (24.1%), the Green Party (12.5%) and the FDP.The Liberals (7.5%). In the federal election, a total of 329 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 36.7%.
# Economy.
, Orvin had an unemployment rate of | 6,136,517 |
2568791 | Orvin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orvin | Orvin
1.24%. , there were a total of 557 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 48 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 22 businesses involved in this sector. 333 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 19 businesses in this sector. 176 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 30 businesses in this sector. There were 5 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 0.0% of the workforce.
, there were 210 workers who commuted into the municipality and 336 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.6 workers leaving the municipality for every one | 6,136,518 |
2568791 | Orvin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orvin | Orvin
entering. About 2.4% of the workforce coming into Orvin are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 10.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 57.9% used a private car.
# Religion.
From the , 165 or 13.4% were Roman Catholic, while 773 or 62.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 3 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.24% of the population), there were 2 individuals (or about 0.16% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 197 individuals (or about 15.95% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 15 (or about 1.21% of the population) who were | 6,136,519 |
2568791 | Orvin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orvin | Orvin
Islamic. There were 2 individuals who were Hindu and 4 individuals who belonged to another church. 107 (or about 8.66% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 65 individuals (or about 5.26% of the population) did not answer the question.
# Education.
In Orvin about 448 or (36.3%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 117 or (9.5%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a "Fachhochschule"). Of the 117 who completed tertiary schooling, 65.8% were Swiss men, 23.9% were Swiss women, 8.5% were non-Swiss men.
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed | 6,136,520 |
2568791 | Orvin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orvin | Orvin
by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 116 students attending classes in Orvin. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 23 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 8.7% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 4.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 5 primary classes and 93 students. Of the primary | 6,136,521 |
2568791 | Orvin | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orvin | Orvin
tending classes in Orvin. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 23 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 8.7% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 4.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 5 primary classes and 93 students. Of the primary students, 12.9% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 15.1% have a different mother language than the classroom language.
, there were 27 students in Orvin who came from another municipality, while 80 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
# External links.
- Website of the municipality of Orvin | 6,136,522 |
2568882 | National Coal Mining Museum for England | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National%20Coal%20Mining%20Museum%20for%20England | National Coal Mining Museum for England
National Coal Mining Museum for England
The National Coal Mining Museum for England is based at the site of Caphouse Colliery in Overton, near Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England. It opened in 1988 as the Yorkshire Mining Museum and was granted national status in 1995.
# History.
Caphouse Colliery was sunk in the 1770s or 1780s and the Hope Pit in the 1820s. Sir John Lister Kaye of Denby Grange took over James Milnes' leases the mineral rights in 1827 and his pits became the Denby Grange Colliery. The boiler house and stone and brick chimney at the museum are Grade II listed structures built around 1876 for Emma Lister Kaye along with the steam winding engine house, boiler yard, heapstead and | 6,136,523 |
2568882 | National Coal Mining Museum for England | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National%20Coal%20Mining%20Museum%20for%20England | National Coal Mining Museum for England
ventilation shaft which are Grade II* listed. The boiler house has two Lancashire boilers and powered the winding engine. The timber headgear at Caphouse and the wood framed screens building at Hope Pit date from between 1905 and 1911. Pithead baths and an administration block were built between 1937 and 1938.
Lockwood and Elliott who owned Shuttle Eye Colliery had acquired the colliery by 1942. The colliery was nationalised in 1947 and a drift mine opened in 1974. The colliery closed in 1985.
The Yorkshire Mining Museum opened in 1988 and the museum became the National Coal Mining Museum in 1995.
# Museum.
The museum offers guided underground tours where visitors can experience the conditions | 6,136,524 |
2568882 | National Coal Mining Museum for England | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National%20Coal%20Mining%20Museum%20for%20England | National Coal Mining Museum for England
miners worked in and see the tools and machines they used as the industry and the mine developed through the years. Above ground there is a visitor centre which houses exhibitions on the social and industrial history of the mines. The extensive library and archive contains issues of "Coal News" and details of collieries throughout England. Other features include the pit head baths, steam winding house, boiler house and coal screening plant. It is possible to ride the paddy train and follow the nature trail near to Hope Pit and water filtration tanks.
From 1994 the museum housed two pit ponies that had previously worked in Ellington Pit known as Carl and Sparky. They died 2006 and 2007 respectively.
The | 6,136,525 |
2568882 | National Coal Mining Museum for England | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National%20Coal%20Mining%20Museum%20for%20England | National Coal Mining Museum for England
museum is an Anchor Point of ERIH, the European Route of Industrial Heritage.
The museum held the exhibition 'My Mining Days' for mining artist Tom Lamb in 2008-2009.
# Location.
The museum is situated on the A642, in Overton near Middlestown between Wakefield and Huddersfield. It is signposted from the M1 motorway. It can be reached by car or public transport.
The museum has occasionally featured in television programmes. In June 2005 "Most Haunted Live!" visited the location on Summer Solstice.
# See also.
- Rhondda Heritage Park and Big Pit National Coal Museum in the South Wales Valleys
# References.
Footnotes
Bibliography
# External links.
- National Coal Mining Museum
- BBC | 6,136,526 |
2568882 | National Coal Mining Museum for England | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National%20Coal%20Mining%20Museum%20for%20England | National Coal Mining Museum for England
Anchor Point of ERIH, the European Route of Industrial Heritage.
The museum held the exhibition 'My Mining Days' for mining artist Tom Lamb in 2008-2009.
# Location.
The museum is situated on the A642, in Overton near Middlestown between Wakefield and Huddersfield. It is signposted from the M1 motorway. It can be reached by car or public transport.
The museum has occasionally featured in television programmes. In June 2005 "Most Haunted Live!" visited the location on Summer Solstice.
# See also.
- Rhondda Heritage Park and Big Pit National Coal Museum in the South Wales Valleys
# References.
Footnotes
Bibliography
# External links.
- National Coal Mining Museum
- BBC photographs | 6,136,527 |
2568868 | Spaghetti alla puttanesca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti%20alla%20puttanesca | Spaghetti alla puttanesca
Spaghetti alla puttanesca
Spaghetti alla puttanesca (; "spaghetti with very few ingredients" in Italian) is an Italian pasta dish invented in Naples in the mid-20th century. Its ingredients typically include tomatoes, olive oil, anchovies, olives, capers and garlic.
# Origin.
Various accounts exist as to when and how the dish originated, but it probably dates to the mid-twentieth century. The earliest known mention of it is in Raffaele La Capria’s "Ferito a Morte" ("Mortal Wound"), a 1961 Italian novel which mentions ""spaghetti alla puttanesca come li fanno a Siracusa" (spaghetti alla puttanesca as they make it in Syracuse)". The sauce became popular in the 1960s, according to the Professional | 6,136,528 |
2568868 | Spaghetti alla puttanesca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti%20alla%20puttanesca | Spaghetti alla puttanesca
Union of Italian Pasta Makers.
The 1971 edition of the "Cucchiaio d’argento" ("The Silver Spoon"), one of Italy's most prominent cookbooks, has no recipe with this name, but two which are similar: The Neapolitan "spaghetti alla partenopea", is made with anchovies and generous quantities of oregano; while "spaghetti alla siciliana" is distinguished by the addition of green peppers. Still again there is a Sicilian style popular around Palermo that includes olives, anchovies and raisins.
In a 2005 article from "Il Golfo"—a daily newspaper serving the Italian islands of Ischia and Procida—Annarita Cuomo asserted that "sugo alla puttanesca" was invented in the 1950s by Sandro Petti, co-owner of | 6,136,529 |
2568868 | Spaghetti alla puttanesca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti%20alla%20puttanesca | Spaghetti alla puttanesca
"Rancio Fellone", a famous Ischian restaurant and nightspot. According to Cuomo, Petti's moment of inspiration came when—near closing one evening—Petti found a group of customers sitting at one of his tables. He was low on ingredients and told them he didn't have enough to make them a meal. They complained that it was late and they were hungry. ""Facci una puttanata qualsiasi"," or "throw together whatever," they insisted. Petti had nothing more than four tomatoes, two olives and some capers—the basic ingredients for the "sugo", “So I used them to make the sauce for the spaghetti,” Petti told Cuomo. Later, Petti included this dish on his menu as "spaghetti alla puttanesca".
A general theme | 6,136,530 |
2568868 | Spaghetti alla puttanesca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti%20alla%20puttanesca | Spaghetti alla puttanesca
regarding this sauce is that it can be made quickly,in between other obligations. Hence the prostitute allusion.
# Basic recipe.
The sauce alone is called "sugo alla puttanesca" in Italian. Recipes may differ according to preferences; for instance, the Neapolitan version is prepared without anchovies, unlike the version popular in Lazio. Spices are sometimes added. In most cases, however, the "sugo" is a little salty (from the capers, olives, and anchovies) and quite fragrant (from the garlic). Traditionally, the sauce is served with spaghetti, although it is also paired with penne, bucatini, linguine and vermicelli.
Garlic and anchovies (omitted in the Neapolitan version) are sautéed in | 6,136,531 |
2568868 | Spaghetti alla puttanesca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti%20alla%20puttanesca | Spaghetti alla puttanesca
olive oil. Chopped chili peppers, olives, capers, diced tomatoes and oregano are added along with salt and black pepper to taste. The cook then reduces this mixture by simmering and pours it over spaghetti cooked al dente. The final touch is a topping of parsley.
# In popular culture.
The dish is featured in "The Bad Beginning" from the novel series Lemony Snicket's "A Series of Unfortunate Events" as the dish the Baudelaire children prepare at Count Olaf's house. The dish also features prominently in the movie based on the novels, as well as the Netflix original series. Count Olaf is very upset that they had not prepared roast beef for him instead.
It is also featured in the fourth part | 6,136,532 |
2568868 | Spaghetti alla puttanesca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti%20alla%20puttanesca | Spaghetti alla puttanesca
of the manga/anime series "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure," "Diamond is Unbreakable." In the "Let's Go Out for Italian" arc, the characters Josuke Higashikata and Okuyasu Nijimura visit a restaurant ran by head chef/owner Tonio Trussardi, the latter of whom is served the dish as his pasta course. Due to the remedial powers of Tonio's Stand, Pearl Jam, eating the pasta causes Okuyasu's body to reject two of his rotten teeth from his mouth, which are then replaced by two new ones.
Also in the movie "Rango," Johnny Depp's character is talking to Bean about her name and she says, "My daddy liked baked beans" to which he says, "Well I like a hearty puttanesca, but I don't think you'd appreciate the moniker!"
# | 6,136,533 |
2568868 | Spaghetti alla puttanesca | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spaghetti%20alla%20puttanesca | Spaghetti alla puttanesca
iamond is Unbreakable." In the "Let's Go Out for Italian" arc, the characters Josuke Higashikata and Okuyasu Nijimura visit a restaurant ran by head chef/owner Tonio Trussardi, the latter of whom is served the dish as his pasta course. Due to the remedial powers of Tonio's Stand, Pearl Jam, eating the pasta causes Okuyasu's body to reject two of his rotten teeth from his mouth, which are then replaced by two new ones.
Also in the movie "Rango," Johnny Depp's character is talking to Bean about her name and she says, "My daddy liked baked beans" to which he says, "Well I like a hearty puttanesca, but I don't think you'd appreciate the moniker!"
# See also.
- Spaghetti dishes
- Pasta dishes | 6,136,534 |
2568909 | Massacre of Uman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massacre%20of%20Uman | Massacre of Uman
Massacre of Uman
The Massacre of Humań, or massacre of Uman (; ) was the 1768 massacre of the Jews, Poles and Ukrainian Uniates by haidamaks at the town of Humań (now Uman) in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland.
Uman was a well-fortified town that held a large garrison part of Polish troops. This fact made Uman one of the primary targets of Koliyivschyna movement, and it is likely the siege of Uman was planned well in advance. Ivan Gonta, an officer in the private militia of Count Franciszek Salezy Potocki (made up of Registered Cossacks) was accused of connections with haidamaka by the local Jewish community three months before the siege. However, due to the lack of hard evidence and the sudden | 6,136,535 |
2568909 | Massacre of Uman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massacre%20of%20Uman | Massacre of Uman
death of a star witness no formal charges were made. Although Ivan Gonta was de facto the commander of Uman cossacks he was not the most senior in their ranks.
In early June 1768 the Ukrainian rebels under the command of Maksym Zalizniak marched on Uman after capturing Cherkasy, Korsun and Kaniv. As Zalizniak openly encouraged the slaughter of Jews and Poles, the town was filled with refugees. A large camp filled with Polish nobility and their private militia, regular soldiers and Jewish refugees was positioned outside the city walls. Polish troops outnumbered the forces of rebels, and therefore it was decided that some of the forces should guard the ramparts while Gonta and his cossack unit | 6,136,536 |
2568909 | Massacre of Uman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massacre%20of%20Uman | Massacre of Uman
would meet the Haidamakas in open battle. However, when Gonta met Zalizniak's units Gonta openly declared that he was going to join Koliyivschyna. Some sources claim that the formal commanders of the unit were sent back to Uman, although the authenticity of the story is highly disputed.
The united troops razed the encampment on June 14 and tried to penetrate the ramparts by concealing the rebels behind the backs of Gonta's Registered Cossacks. However, the attempt failed, and so the siege started on June 17. The very first day large number of Ukrainians deserted the ranks of Polish forces and joined the rebels when the city was surrounded.
After three days of the siege the city fell to Zalizniak | 6,136,537 |
2568909 | Massacre of Uman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massacre%20of%20Uman | Massacre of Uman
in spite of a courageous defense in which the Jews also played an active role. After the city was taken a violent and bloody massacre (where Mladanovitch was himself killed) took place. The Jews then gathered in the synagogues, where they were led by Leib Shargorodski and Moses Menaker in an attempt to defend themselves, but they were destroyed by cannon fire. Most of the remaining Jews in the city were subsequently killed. According to earlier estimates the number of Poles and Jews massacred was 20,000. The estimate given by Gonta for self-embellishment during his trial was 33,000. These numbers are considered exaggerated by the modern historiography, with numbers of Poles and Jews who were | 6,136,538 |
2568909 | Massacre of Uman | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Massacre%20of%20Uman | Massacre of Uman
nd Moses Menaker in an attempt to defend themselves, but they were destroyed by cannon fire. Most of the remaining Jews in the city were subsequently killed. According to earlier estimates the number of Poles and Jews massacred was 20,000. The estimate given by Gonta for self-embellishment during his trial was 33,000. These numbers are considered exaggerated by the modern historiography, with numbers of Poles and Jews who were killed in the “massacre of Uman” estimated at ca. 2,000.
# See also.
- List of massacres in Poland
- List of massacres in Ukraine
# Further reading.
- Simon Dubnow, Israel Friedlaender, "History of the Jews in Russia and Poland", Avotaynu Inc, 2000, , Print, p.88+ | 6,136,539 |
2568874 | Plagne, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plagne,%20Switzerland | Plagne, Switzerland
Plagne, Switzerland
Plagne is a former municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura ("Jura Bernois"). On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Plagne and Vauffelin merged into the new municipality of Sauge.
# History.
Plagne is first mentioned in 1311 as "Blenn", though this comes from a 1441 copy of the original document. In 1610 it was mentioned as "Plaentsch". The municipality was formerly known by its German name "Plentsch", however, that name is no longer used.
In 1311 Plagne was part of a fief owned by the Basel Cathedral that was granted to Bourkard de La Roche. It was part of | 6,136,540 |
2568874 | Plagne, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plagne,%20Switzerland | Plagne, Switzerland
the seigniory of Erguel which was owned by the Prince Bishop of Basel. After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Plagne became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. A few years later, it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Plagne was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815. In 1862 a fire destroyed the village core and it had to be rebuilt in the following years.
During the Early Modern Era, in addition to agriculture, some of the residents mined a small ore deposit south of Les Ferrières or mined white pottery clay. At the end of the 18th Century many residents began making watch parts in home workshops. | 6,136,541 |
2568874 | Plagne, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plagne,%20Switzerland | Plagne, Switzerland
Beginning in the 1970s the village's population grew rapidly as commuters to Biel/Bienne moved out to Plagne.
# Geography.
Before the merger, Plagne had a total area of . Of this area, or 33.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 61.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 4.7% is settled (buildings or roads).
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 3.2% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.2%. Out of the forested land, 54.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 7.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 6.4% is used for growing crops and 16.8% is pastures and 10.2% is used for alpine pastures.
The former municipality | 6,136,542 |
2568874 | Plagne, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plagne,%20Switzerland | Plagne, Switzerland
is located on the mountain slopes above the Vauffelin valley.
On 31 December 2009 District de Courtelary, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.
# Coat of arms.
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is "Per pale Or and Gules overall three Cauldrons counterchanged."
# Demographics.
Plagne had a population (as of 2011) of 364. , 2.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of -9.1%. Migration accounted for -10.6%, while births and deaths accounted for -3.5%.
Most of the population () speaks | 6,136,543 |
2568874 | Plagne, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plagne,%20Switzerland | Plagne, Switzerland
French (300 or 76.3%) as their first language, German is the second most common (83 or 21.1%) and Italian is the third (3 or 0.8%).
, the population was 50.4% male and 49.6% female. The population was made up of 177 Swiss men (49.0% of the population) and 5 (1.4%) non-Swiss men. There were 174 Swiss women (48.2%) and 5 (1.4%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 153 or about 38.9% were born in Plagne and lived there in 2000. There were 137 or 34.9% who were born in the same canton, while 54 or 13.7% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 33 or 8.4% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 19.7% of the population, while adults | 6,136,544 |
2568874 | Plagne, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plagne,%20Switzerland | Plagne, Switzerland
(20–64 years old) make up 52.9% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 27.4%.
, there were 149 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 200 married individuals, 22 widows or widowers and 22 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 43 households that consist of only one person and 13 households with five or more people. , a total of 154 apartments (62.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 71 apartments (28.9%) were seasonally occupied and 21 apartments (8.5%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 1.55%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
# Politics.
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party | 6,136,545 |
2568874 | Plagne, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plagne,%20Switzerland | Plagne, Switzerland
was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 34.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (19.2%), the Green Party (10.7%) and the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (9.1%). In the federal election, a total of 107 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 36.0%.
# Economy.
, Plagne had an unemployment rate of 0.8%. , there were a total of 50 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 8 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 3 businesses involved in this sector. 5 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 3 businesses in this sector. 37 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with | 6,136,546 |
2568874 | Plagne, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plagne,%20Switzerland | Plagne, Switzerland
11 businesses in this sector.
, there were 12 workers who commuted into the municipality and 147 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 12.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 12.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 67.4% used a private car.
# Religion.
From the , 55 or 14.0% were Roman Catholic, while 270 or 68.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 10 individuals (or about 2.54% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Islamic. 54 (or about 13.74% of the population) belonged to no church, | 6,136,547 |
2568874 | Plagne, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plagne,%20Switzerland | Plagne, Switzerland
are agnostic or atheist, and 8 individuals (or about 2.04% of the population) did not answer the question.
# Education.
In Plagne about 149 or (37.9%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 38 or (9.7%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a "Fachhochschule"). Of the 38 who completed tertiary schooling, 52.6% were Swiss men, 39.5% were Swiss women.
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower | 6,136,548 |
2568874 | Plagne, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plagne,%20Switzerland | Plagne, Switzerland
ory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 19 students attending classes in Plagne. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 19 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 5.3% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 26.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language.
, there were 25 students from Plagne who attended schools outside the municipality.
# External links.
- Website of the municipality of Plagne | 6,136,549 |
2568837 | La Ferrière, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Ferrière,%20Switzerland | La Ferrière, Switzerland
La Ferrière, Switzerland
La Ferrière is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura ("Jura Bernois").
# History.
Founded in 1590 as "les Hautes Montagnes d'Erguël" by settlers from Valangin. In 1749 it was known as "La Ferriere" or "Communauté des Montagnes de Saint-Imier".
The village was owned by the Prince-Bishop of Basel and was part of the seigniory of Erguel. The municipal charter was created in the early 17th century and confirmed in 1623 and again in 1672. During the Thirty Years War the village was attacked and burned. Originally there was little land and no forests attached to | 6,136,550 |
2568837 | La Ferrière, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Ferrière,%20Switzerland | La Ferrière, Switzerland
the village. The lack of arable land and the resulting revenue made it very difficult for the village to meet their obligations. In 1767, the Prince-Bishop granted Erguel Castle and the surrounding lands to La Ferrière to hold as a fief. In 1806, the political municipality of La Ferrière inherited the castle and lands and in 1828 sold them to Sonvilier. After the 1797 French invasion the village became part of the parish of Renan in the French Department of Mont-Terrible. The parish was later transferred to the Department of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat in 1815, the region became part of the Canton of Bern, though La Ferrière remained part of the Renan parish until 1861.
The village church | 6,136,551 |
2568837 | La Ferrière, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Ferrière,%20Switzerland | La Ferrière, Switzerland
was consecrated in 1864.
During the 19th century the population grew rapidly due to watch and watch parts factories that opened in the village. Throughout the 20th century, the population has slowly declined.
# Geography.
La Ferrière has an area of . Of this area, or 62.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 33.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 3.7% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.1% is unproductive land.
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 2.1% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.4%. Out of the forested land, 25.4% of the total land area is heavily forested and 8.5% is covered with orchards or small clusters | 6,136,552 |
2568837 | La Ferrière, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Ferrière,%20Switzerland | La Ferrière, Switzerland
of trees. Of the agricultural land, 1.6% is used for growing crops and 41.6% is pastures and 19.1% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
The municipality is made up of scattered settlements at an elevation of about in the north-west corner of the old District de Courtelary. It consists of the village of La Ferrière, the hamlet of La Basse-Ferrière and a number of scattered farm houses.
On 31 December 2009 District de Courtelary, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.
# Coat of arms.
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is | 6,136,553 |
2568837 | La Ferrière, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Ferrière,%20Switzerland | La Ferrière, Switzerland
"Azure a Tower Argent gated and windowed Gules between four Linden Leaves and in a Chief wavy Or a Sun issuant Gules."
# Demographics.
La Ferrière has a population () of . , 7.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of 6.2%. Migration accounted for 4.3%, while births and deaths accounted for 2.3%.
Most of the population () speaks French (418 or 81.5%) as their first language, German is the second most common (85 or 16.6%) and Italian is the third (5 or 1.0%).
, the population was 48.5% male and 51.5% female. The population was made up of 244 Swiss men (44.7% of the population) and 21 (3.8%) non-Swiss men. | 6,136,554 |
2568837 | La Ferrière, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Ferrière,%20Switzerland | La Ferrière, Switzerland
There were 260 Swiss women (47.6%) and 21 (3.8%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 196 or about 38.2% were born in La Ferrière and lived there in 2000. There were 86 or 16.8% who were born in the same canton, while 180 or 35.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 45 or 8.8% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 26.9% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 59.3% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 13.7%.
, there were 224 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 258 married individuals, 22 widows or widowers and 9 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 36 households | 6,136,555 |
2568837 | La Ferrière, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Ferrière,%20Switzerland | La Ferrière, Switzerland
that consist of only one person and 24 households with five or more people. , a total of 172 apartments (73.2% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 47 apartments (20.0%) were seasonally occupied and 16 apartments (6.8%) were empty.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
# Heritage sites of national significance.
The Maison Gagnebin is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.
# Politics.
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 41.9% of the vote. The next two most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (13.1%), and the Green Party (11.4%) . In the federal election, a | 6,136,556 |
2568837 | La Ferrière, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Ferrière,%20Switzerland | La Ferrière, Switzerland
total of 119 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 29.9%.
# Economy.
, La Ferrière had an unemployment rate of 2.34%. , there were a total of 272 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 79 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 31 businesses involved in this sector. 143 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 10 businesses in this sector. 50 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 15 businesses in this sector. There were 14 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 28.6% of the workforce.
, there were 84 workers who commuted into the municipality and 144 workers who commuted | 6,136,557 |
2568837 | La Ferrière, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Ferrière,%20Switzerland | La Ferrière, Switzerland
away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.7 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 16.7% of the workforce coming into La Ferrière are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 7.9% used public transportation to get to work, and 55.2% used a private car.
# Religion.
From the , 84 or 16.4% were Roman Catholic, while 276 or 53.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 112 individuals (or about 21.83% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Islamic. There were 1 individual | 6,136,558 |
2568837 | La Ferrière, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Ferrière,%20Switzerland | La Ferrière, Switzerland
who belonged to another church. 86 (or about 16.76% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 8 individuals (or about 1.56% of the population) did not answer the question.
# Education.
In La Ferrière about 178 or (34.7%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 40 or (7.8%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a "Fachhochschule"). Of the 40 who completed tertiary schooling, 65.0% were Swiss men, 30.0% were Swiss women.
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary | 6,136,559 |
2568837 | La Ferrière, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Ferrière,%20Switzerland | La Ferrière, Switzerland
school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 58 students attending classes in La Ferrière. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 11 students in the municipality. The municipality had 2 primary classes and 44 students. Of the primary students, 4.5% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 13.6% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there was one lower secondary class with a total of 3 students.
, there were 4 students | 6,136,560 |
2568837 | La Ferrière, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La%20Ferrière,%20Switzerland | La Ferrière, Switzerland
ay attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 58 students attending classes in La Ferrière. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 11 students in the municipality. The municipality had 2 primary classes and 44 students. Of the primary students, 4.5% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 13.6% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there was one lower secondary class with a total of 3 students.
, there were 4 students in La Ferrière who came from another municipality, while 51 residents attended schools outside the municipality. | 6,136,561 |
2568794 | Péry | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Péry | Péry
Péry
Péry is part of the municipality of Péry-La Heutte in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura ("Jura Bernois").
# History.
The first mention of Péry is in 884 where it is called "villam Bedericam". In 1148 it was known as "Peril", though that name comes from a 12th-century forgery. The municipality was formerly known by its German name "Büderich", however, that name is no longer used.
In 884, Charles the Fat granted Péry to Moutier-Grandval Abbey. The Abbey owned the village and surrounding lands until 999 when the Prince-Bishop of Basel acquired the village. He incorporated it into the seigniory | 6,136,562 |
2568794 | Péry | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Péry | Péry
of Erguel and gave the village to the Lords of Péry who ruled from Châtillon Castle, now a ruin, on a nearby hill. Beginning in the 14th century the feudal levies from Péry were part of the Erguel army under the command of Biel. In 1530, Biel encouraged the village to accept the Protestant Reformation.
The village of Rondchâtel was independent of Péry until 1766. Based on the name, it is likely that a castle existed on the hill, but little is known about it. During the mid 14th century, the Prince-Bishop of Basel Johann II von Munsingen, granted Rondchâtel to his brother Conrad, who was an ecclesiastical bailiff of Biel in 1340-65. Starting at the end of the 14th century, Rondchâtel fief was | 6,136,563 |
2568794 | Péry | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Péry | Péry
owned by the de Nans and d'Orsans families out of Franche-Comté. They held the village until 1766, when the last heir of the families died out and the fief reverted to the Prince-Bishop. The Prince-Bishop then leased Rondchâtel to the community of Péry.
After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Péry became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. A few years later, it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Péry was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815.
The village church of St. James was first mentioned in 884. After the village converted to the new Reformed faith in 1530, it became a Reformed church. The | 6,136,564 |
2568794 | Péry | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Péry | Péry
current church was built in 1706 around a core of an older, Gothic building. At some point it became the parish church for the parish of Péry. From 1798 until 1840, Vauffelin was part of the parish. A Roman Catholic chapel was built in the village in 1906.
The Prince-Bishop of Basel, Johann Franz von Schönau-Zell (Bishop 1651-1656), had a blast furnace built at La Reuchenette in 1654. In 1693 he gave the furnace as a fief to Chemilleret family, who held it until the death of their last heir in 1756. By 1782 the site included an ironworks, a house, an inn. After the French invasion, it was declared a national treasure and the feudal ownership was abolished. The Société des forges d'Undervelier | 6,136,565 |
2568794 | Péry | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Péry | Péry
took over operation of the site until 1867, when it closed.
The Biel-Les Convers railway opened in 1874 and encouraged industrial and population growth. The lime and cement factory in Rondchâtel (1874), the wood pulp plant at Biberist (1882) and a branch of the Rondchâtel cement factory in La Reuchenette (today Ciments Vigier SA) all contributed to the prosperity of the municipality. The watch manufacturer Dreyfus Frères SA of Biel opened a branch company in 1903 in Péry. This company, called Péry Watch, did not survive the financial crisis of the 1930s. The building was converted in 1934 into a typewriter ribbon, stencils and carbon paper factory under the name Carfa SA. Carfa remained in | 6,136,566 |
2568794 | Péry | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Péry | Péry
operation until 2003. In 2005, just over half of all jobs in the municipality were in manufacturing.
On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Péry and La Heutte merged to form the new municipality of Péry-La Heutte.
# Geography.
Before the merger, Péry had a total area of . Of this area, or 22.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 66.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 9.2% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.4% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.6% is unproductive land.
Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 1.3% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 2.3% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.2%. Power and water infrastructure as | 6,136,567 |
2568794 | Péry | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Péry | Péry
well as other special developed areas made up 3.2% of the area Out of the forested land, 63.2% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 3.1% is used for growing crops and 6.5% is pastures and 13.0% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
It lies on the eastern end of the Saint-Imier valley and includes the villages of "Rondchâtel" and "La Reuchenette".
On 31 December 2009 District de Courtelary, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.
# Coat | 6,136,568 |
2568794 | Péry | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Péry | Péry
of arms.
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is "Gules a Guidon Argent staffed Or."
# Demographics.
Péry had a population (as of 2013) of 1,359. , 11.6% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of 2%. Migration accounted for 6.3%, while births and deaths accounted for -2.3%.
Most of the population () speaks French (1,063 or 79.6%) as their first language, German is the second most common (205 or 15.4%) and Italian is the third (30 or 2.2%). There are 4 people who speak Romansh.
, the population was 50.3% male and 49.7% female. The population was made up of 601 Swiss men (44.3% of the population) and 81 | 6,136,569 |
2568794 | Péry | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Péry | Péry
(6.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 599 Swiss women (44.1%) and 76 (5.6%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 430 or about 32.2% were born in Péry and lived there in 2000. There were 447 or 33.5% who were born in the same canton, while 233 or 17.5% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 184 or 13.8% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 21.5% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 59.2% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.3%.
, there were 494 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 669 married individuals, 95 widows or widowers and 77 individuals who are divorced.
, | 6,136,570 |
2568794 | Péry | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Péry | Péry
there were 199 households that consist of only one person and 36 households with five or more people. , a total of 574 apartments (87.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 42 apartments (6.4%) were seasonally occupied and 37 apartments (5.7%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 3.7 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 2.35%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
# Sights.
The entire Taubenloch canyon is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.
# Politics.
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 35.2% of the vote. | 6,136,571 |
2568794 | Péry | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Péry | Péry
The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (25.5%), the Green Party (10.3%) and the FDP.The Liberals (9.4%). In the federal election, a total of 314 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 32.2%.
# Economy.
, Péry had an unemployment rate of 1.71%. , there were a total of 317 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 18 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 7 businesses involved in this sector. 180 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 13 businesses in this sector. 119 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 30 businesses in this sector.
, there were 226 workers who commuted into the municipality | 6,136,572 |
2568794 | Péry | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Péry | Péry
and 511 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 19.2% used public transportation to get to work, and 61.7% used a private car.
# Religion.
From the , 318 or 23.8% were Roman Catholic, while 751 or 56.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 2 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.15% of the population), there was 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 86 individuals (or about 6.44% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Jewish, | 6,136,573 |
2568794 | Péry | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Péry | Péry
and 11 (or about 0.82% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 1 individual who belonged to another church. 146 (or about 10.94% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 61 individuals (or about 4.57% of the population) did not answer the question.
# Education.
In Péry about 537 or (40.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 108 or (8.1%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a "Fachhochschule"). Of the 108 who completed tertiary schooling, 69.4% were Swiss men, 23.1% were Swiss women, 7.4% were non-Swiss men.
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, | 6,136,574 |
2568794 | Péry | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Péry | Péry
followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 121 students attending classes in Péry. There were 2 kindergarten classes with a total of 24 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 8.3% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 12.5% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 5 primary classes and 97 students. Of the | 6,136,575 |
2568794 | Péry | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Péry | Péry
nguage than the classroom language. The municipality had 5 primary classes and 97 students. Of the primary students, 8.2% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 16.5% have a different mother language than the classroom language.
, there were 14 students in Péry who came from another municipality, while 70 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
Péry is home to the "Bibliothèque scolaire et communale de Péry" library. The library has () 5,965 books or other media, and loaned out 6,443 items in the same year. It was open a total of 78 days with average of 4 hours per week during that year.
# External links.
- Website of the municipality of Péry | 6,136,576 |
2568881 | Frederic Clements | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederic%20Clements | Frederic Clements
Frederic Clements
Frederic Edward Clements (September 16, 1874 – July 26, 1945) was an American plant ecologist and pioneer in the study of vegetation succession.
# Biography.
Born in Lincoln, Nebraska, he studied botany at the University of Nebraska, graduating in 1894 and obtaining a doctorate in 1898. (One of his teachers was botanist Charles Bessey, and he was a classmate of Willa Cather and Roscoe Pound.) While at the University of Nebraska, he met Edith Gertrude Schwartz (1874–1971), also a botanist and ecologist, and they were married in 1899.
In 1905 he was appointed full professor at the University of Nebraska, but left in 1907 to head the botany department at the University of Minnesota | 6,136,577 |
2568881 | Frederic Clements | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederic%20Clements | Frederic Clements
in Minneapolis. From 1917 to 1941 he was employed as an ecologist at the Carnegie Institution of Washington in Washington, D.C., where he was able to carry out dedicated ecological research.
During winter he worked at research stations in Tucson, Arizona and Santa Barbara, California, while in the summer he performed fieldwork at the Carnegie Institution's Alpine Laboratory, a research station in Angel Canyon on the slopes of Pikes Peak, Colorado. During this time he worked alongside staff of the U.S. Soil Conservation Service. In addition to his field investigations, he carried out experimental work in the laboratory and greenhouse, both at the Pikes Peak station and at Santa Barbara.
# Theory | 6,136,578 |
2568881 | Frederic Clements | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederic%20Clements | Frederic Clements
of vegetation change to climax community.
From his observations of the vegetation of Nebraska and the western United States, Clements developed one of the most influential theories of vegetation development. Vegetation composition does not represent a permanent condition but gradually changes with time. Clements suggested that the development of vegetation can be understood as a unidirectional sequence of stages resembling the development of an individual organism. After a complete or partial disturbance, vegetation grows back (under ideal conditions) towards a stable" climax state," which describes the vegetation best suited to the local conditions. Though any actual instance of vegetation | 6,136,579 |
2568881 | Frederic Clements | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederic%20Clements | Frederic Clements
might follow the ideal sequence towards stability, it can be interpreted in relation to that sequence, as a deviation from it due to non-ideal conditions.
In these studies, he and R. Pound developed the widely-used method of sampling using quadrats around 1898.
Clements's climax theory of vegetation dominated plant ecology during the first decades of the twentieth century, though it was criticized significantly by ecologists Henry Gleason and Arthur Tansley early on, and by Robert Whittaker mid-century, and largely fell out of favor. However, significant Clementsian trends in ecology re-emerged towards the end of the twentieth century.
# Community-unit view of vegetation types or plant communities.
In | 6,136,580 |
2568881 | Frederic Clements | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederic%20Clements | Frederic Clements
his 1916 publication, "Plant Succession", and his 1920 "Plant Indicators", Clements metaphorically equated units of vegetation, (now called vegetation types or plant communities) with individual organisms. His observations were that some groups of species were repeatedly associated together (Association (ecology)). He believed that some species were dependent on the group, and the group on that species (obligatory relationship), metaphorically as organs and the animal containing them depend on each other. He observed little overlap in kinds of species from type to type, with many species confined to just a single type. Some plants were widespread over vegetation types, but the areas of geographical | 6,136,581 |
2568881 | Frederic Clements | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederic%20Clements | Frederic Clements
overlap (ecotones) was narrow. His view of a community as a distinct unit was challenged in 1926 by Henry Gleason, who viewed vegetation as a continuum, not a unit, with associations being merely coincidental, and that any support by observations or data of clusters of species as predicted by Clements' view was either an artifact of the observer's perception or a result of defective data analysis.
# Lamarckism.
Clements was an advocate of neo-Lamarckian evolution. Ecologist Arthur Tansley wrote that because of his support for Lamarckism, Clements "never seemed to give proper weight to the results of modern genetical research."
Science historian Ronald C. Tobey has commented that:
[Clements] | 6,136,582 |
2568881 | Frederic Clements | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederic%20Clements | Frederic Clements
believed that plants and animals could acquire a wide variety and range of characteristics in their struggle to survive and adapt to their environment, and that these features were heritable. In the 1920s, he conducted experiments to transform plant species native to one ecological zone into a species adapted to another, higher, zone. Clements was quite convinced of the validity of his experiments, but this experimental Lamarckism fell to experimental disproof in the 1930s.
Clements spent much time trying to demonstrate the inheritance of acquired traits in plants. By the late 1930s scientists had provided
Darwinian explanations for the results of his transplant experiments.
# Honors.
In | 6,136,583 |
2568881 | Frederic Clements | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederic%20Clements | Frederic Clements
periments.
# Honors.
In 1903, the flower "Clementsia rhodantha" ("Clements' rose flower"), a stonecrop, was named in honor of Frederic Clements.
# Writings.
Among his works are:
- "The Phytogeography of Nebraska" (1898; second edition, 1900)
- "Research Methods in Ecology" (1905)
- "Plant Physiology and Ecology" (1907)
- "Plant Succession" (1916)
- "Plant Indicators" (1920)
- "Plant Succession and Indicators" (1928, reprinted 1973)
- "Flower Families and Ancestors" (1928, with Edith Clements)
- "Plant Ecology" (1929, with J.E. Weaver)
- "The Genera of Fungi" (1931, repr. 1965, with C. L. Shear)
# See also.
- Anton Kerner von Marilaun
- Henry Chandler Cowles
- G. David Tilman | 6,136,584 |
2568886 | Renan, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renan,%20Switzerland | Renan, Switzerland
Renan, Switzerland
Renan is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura ("Jura Bernois").
# History.
Renan is first mentioned in 1372 as "Renens". The municipality was formerly known by its German name "Rennen", however, that name is no longer used.
The village was owned by the collegiate church of Saint-Imier which was part of the seigniory of Erguel under the Prince-Bishop of Basel. After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Renan became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. A few years later, it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's | 6,136,585 |
2568886 | Renan, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renan,%20Switzerland | Renan, Switzerland
defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Renan was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815. Following an unsuccessful revolt in Neuchâtel in 1831, a number of the insurgents took refuge in Renan. Following the French Revolution of 1848, the people of the neighboring canton of Neuchâtel made preparations for a republican coup. A republican leader Ami Girard raised a body two hundred volunteers and on 1 March 1848 set out from Renan to join the Neuchâtel Revolution. By 8pm that evening, Neuchâtel Castle fell to the volunteers and on 5 March, ambassadors from Switzerland had recognized the new government and the Republic of Neuchatel was formed.
The village was part of the parish of Erguel and converted | 6,136,586 |
2568886 | Renan, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renan,%20Switzerland | Renan, Switzerland
to the Reformed faith along with the rest of the Erguel. In 1627 the Prince-Bishop approved the construction of a village church in Renan. It was completed in 1631 and was renovated in 1976-77.
During the late 17th century the village economy was booming as the watch industry spread in the Saint-Imier valley. In 1874, the Biel-Les Convers railway connected the village to the national railway network. The Great Depression in the 1930s devastated the Swiss watch industry and the economy of Renan. However, the watch industry held on and grew once again after World War II. In the 1970s the watch industry was once again devastated and this time the local industry did not survive. At the beginning | 6,136,587 |
2568886 | Renan, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renan,%20Switzerland | Renan, Switzerland
of the 21st century Renan's economy was dominated by agriculture. In 2005, the agricultural sector provided over one-third of all jobs in the municipality.
# Geography.
Renan has an area of . Of this area, or 59.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 33.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 5.9% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.2% is unproductive land.
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 3.3% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.9%. Out of the forested land, 29.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 7.7% is used for | 6,136,588 |
2568886 | Renan, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renan,%20Switzerland | Renan, Switzerland
growing crops and 37.0% is pastures and 14.8% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
The municipality is located in the upper Saint-Imier valley. The high valley of Les Convers, in which marshlands the Suze takes its source is located on its territory.
On 31 December 2009 District de Courtelary, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.
# Coat of arms.
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is "Argent on a Bar Vert a Mullet Or."
# Demographics.
Renan has a population () of . , 11.6% of the population are resident foreign nationals. | 6,136,589 |
2568886 | Renan, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renan,%20Switzerland | Renan, Switzerland
Over the last 10 years (2000-2010) the population has changed at a rate of 9.4%. Migration accounted for 12.1%, while births and deaths accounted for -1.2%.
Most of the population () speaks French (590 or 70.6%) as their first language, German is the second most common (216 or 25.8%) and Italian is the third (9 or 1.1%). There is 1 person who speaks Romansh.
, the population was 49.5% male and 50.5% female. The population was made up of 370 Swiss men (43.5% of the population) and 51 (6.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 382 Swiss women (44.9%) and 48 (5.6%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 242 or about 28.9% were born in Renan and lived there in 2000. There were 205 or 24.5% | 6,136,590 |
2568886 | Renan, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renan,%20Switzerland | Renan, Switzerland
who were born in the same canton, while 245 or 29.3% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 87 or 10.4% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 22.4% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.5% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 17%.
, there were 358 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 374 married individuals, 62 widows or widowers and 42 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 107 households that consist of only one person and 24 households with five or more people. , a total of 318 apartments (74.8% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 65 apartments (15.3%) were seasonally | 6,136,591 |
2568886 | Renan, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renan,%20Switzerland | Renan, Switzerland
occupied and 42 apartments (9.9%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 1.2 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 1.94%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
# Sights.
The entire village of Renan is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
# Politics.
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 30.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (22.1%), the Green Party (10.8%) and the FDP.The Liberals (10.5%). In the federal election, a total of 225 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was | 6,136,592 |
2568886 | Renan, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renan,%20Switzerland | Renan, Switzerland
34.9%.
# Economy.
, Renan had an unemployment rate of 2.31%. , there were a total of 245 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 80 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 28 businesses involved in this sector. 38 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 10 businesses in this sector. 127 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 14 businesses in this sector. There were 11 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 18.2% of the workforce.
, there were 97 workers who commuted into the municipality and 222 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with | 6,136,593 |
2568886 | Renan, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renan,%20Switzerland | Renan, Switzerland
about 2.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 11.3% of the workforce coming into Renan are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 9.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 60.2% used a private car.
# Religion.
From the , 158 or 18.9% were Roman Catholic, while 423 or 50.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 6 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.72% of the population), there were 4 individuals (or about 0.48% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 126 individuals (or about 15.07% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There | 6,136,594 |
2568886 | Renan, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renan,%20Switzerland | Renan, Switzerland
was 1 individual who was Jewish, and 7 (or about 0.84% of the population) who were Islamic. There was 1 person who was Hindu and 8 individuals who belonged to another church. 104 (or about 12.44% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 58 individuals (or about 6.94% of the population) did not answer the question.
# Education.
In Renan about 270 or (32.3%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 68 or (8.1%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a "Fachhochschule"). Of the 68 who completed tertiary schooling, 57.4% were Swiss men, 29.4% were Swiss women, 10.3% were non-Swiss men.
The Canton of Bern | 6,136,595 |
2568886 | Renan, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renan,%20Switzerland | Renan, Switzerland
school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 65 students attending classes in Renan. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 17 students in the municipality. The municipality had 3 primary classes and 48 students. Of the primary students, 4.2% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 2.1% have a different | 6,136,596 |
2568886 | Renan, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renan,%20Switzerland | Renan, Switzerland
ollowing the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2010-11 school year, there were a total of 65 students attending classes in Renan. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 17 students in the municipality. The municipality had 3 primary classes and 48 students. Of the primary students, 4.2% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 2.1% have a different mother language than the classroom language.
, there were 22 students in Renan who came from another municipality, while 83 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
# External links.
- Webpage of the municipality of Renan | 6,136,597 |
2568917 | Romont, Bern | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romont,%20Bern | Romont, Bern
Romont, Bern
Romont is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura ("Jura Bernois").
# History.
Romont is first mentioned in 1311 as "Redemont". The municipality was formerly known by its German name "Rothmund", however, that name is no longer used.
The Basel Cathedral owned a fief in Romont, which they assigned to Bourkard de la Roche in 1311. During the 14th and 15th century the noble Romont family owned a castle situated between Romont and Vauffelin. During the Middle Ages, Romont was part of the seigniory of Erguel which was owned by the Prince Bishop of Basel. After the 1797 French | 6,136,598 |
2568917 | Romont, Bern | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romont,%20Bern | Romont, Bern
victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Romont became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. Three years later, in 1800 it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Romont was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815.
In 1839, for geographic, language and historical reasons, Romont transferred from the Büren district and Pieterlen parish to the Courtelary district and Vauffelin parish. Beginning in 1971, the villages of Romont, Vauffelin and Frinvillier created a shared school district. Many of the residents in Romont commute to jobs in Biel/Bienne and other towns or work in agriculture in Romont.
# Geography.
Romont has an area | 6,136,599 |
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