wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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2569051 | Hidrogenesse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hidrogenesse | Hidrogenesse
Pet Shop Boys and British eccentrics like Lawrence, Jarvis Cocker and Luke Haines. They are also influenced by 70's music like German bands La Düsseldorf, Neu! and Harmonia and UK glam acts as Gary Glitter and The Glitter Band.
# History.
## 1996-2002.
Although they have been together since 1996, they didn't release anything until "Lujo y Miseria" compilation in 1998. In year 2000, they released their first single "Así se baila el siglo XX", a smart, cynical approach to the new millennium through the inventions of the 20th century.
What came next, in 2001, was "Eres PC, eres Mac", another EP that shares with the previous one their weird sense of humour. It contains a cover of "Technical | 6,136,900 |
2569051 | Hidrogenesse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hidrogenesse | Hidrogenesse
(you're so)", by The Magnetic Fields, band they are devoted to.
One year later, their first album, "Gimnàstica passiva", was released. It consists of ten songs where they quote Spanish poet Luis de Góngora ("Góngora"), state their worship towards the Cobain family ("Kurt, Courtney, Frances Bean and me") or remember "1987", where their beloved Smiths and Andy Warhol ceased existing, and started new exciting things as samplers and club culture. "1987" is also an album by The KLF.
A five-year break followed, when they wrote and planned a new album.
## 2007-2011.
In 2007 they released their second album, "Animalitos", recorded with drummer Alfonso Melero from Spanish band Hello Cuca. It features | 6,136,901 |
2569051 | Hidrogenesse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hidrogenesse | Hidrogenesse
glam rock beats, fuzz guitars, analog synthesizers and saxophones riffs. Twelve songs about pets, wild beasts and social animals, including "Disfraz de tigre" and "Caballos y ponis". Seventies production, sing-along tunes and some krautrock inspired mantras.
The release of the new album "Animalitos" was followed by a Spanish tour. In 2008 they have released another album, Bestiola, influenced by early German electronica and featuring reinterpretations of old songs, covers and instrumental tracks. That release was followed by their first tour in USA and México.
### Hidrogenesse versus The Hidden Cameras.
In 2010 Hidrogenesse collaborated with Canadian band "The Hidden Cameras" releasing "Hidrogenesse | 6,136,902 |
2569051 | Hidrogenesse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hidrogenesse | Hidrogenesse
versus The Hidden Cameras" a minialbum of re-made/re-modelled versions of The Hidden Cameras songs from the album "".
### Art exhibition.
In 2010 Hidrogenesse recorded "Moix" a song based on an excerpt from a travel book of "Terenci Moix" 'Terenci del Nil' as a part of their participation in the art exhibition 'Genius loci' of "Fundació Joan Miró" in Barcelona 2011. Hidrogenesse created an installation with funerary statuettes and different found objects as a parody of archeological museums. The whole project is a tribute to "Terenci Moix".
# Alan Turing Tribute.
In May 2012, they released a tribute album to Alan Turing, "Un dígito binario dudoso. Recital para Alan Turing" ("A doubtful digital | 6,136,903 |
2569051 | Hidrogenesse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hidrogenesse | Hidrogenesse
bit. Recital for Alan Turing"), a recital that debuted in their opening shows for The Magnetic Fields 2012 Spanish tour.
The album has had great critic and public acclaim, selected "Record of The Year" by Rockdelux magazine and winning The Best Electronic Music Album in the Independent Music Awards. Its eight songs are about Turing's life and work. The first song "El beso" ("The Kiss") says: "this song is a kiss to wake Alan Turing up" and then it goes on about teen tragedies ("Christopher"), computer love ("Love Letters"), contradictions between public and secret affairs ("Enigma"), and ends with a history of the world as told by our computers ("Historia del mundo contada por las computadoras").
# | 6,136,904 |
2569051 | Hidrogenesse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hidrogenesse | Hidrogenesse
Hidrogenesse as producers.
Hidrogenesse have remixed songs by La Bien Querida, Javiera Mena, Fangoria, Los Punsetes and others, and have done some production work for their label Austrohúngaro (girl group Feria) and other collaborations (with Spanish act Single). In 2012 Hidrogenesse have produced "Vigila el fuego" by female riot-folk singer-songwriter Lidia Damunt and "Rock'n Roll" by Spanish duo Espanto. In 2014 they produced Single's album "Rea", considered "Best Album of the Year" by magazine Rockdelux.
## Remixes.
- "Algora", 'Poesía anti-vértigo'
- "La Bien Querida", '9.6 French hot-dog remix' and '9.6 Rendevouz Americain'
- "Fangoria (band)", 'Lo poquito agrada y lo mucho enfada | 6,136,905 |
2569051 | Hidrogenesse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hidrogenesse | Hidrogenesse
(versión Vedette por Hidrogenesse)'
- "Los Punsetes", 'Mono y galgo'
- "Espanto", 'El última día de las vaciones'
- "Javiera Mena", 'Luz de piedra de luna'
# Discography.
- "Así se baila el siglo XX", CD-Single (2000)
- "Eres PC, eres Mac", EP (2001)
- "Gimnàstica passiva", CD-Album (2002)
- "Animalitos", CD-Album (2007)
- "Bestiola", CD-Album (2008)
- "Hidrogenesse versus The Hidden Cameras", CD Mini-Album and 12" Vinyl (2010)
- "Single: Vamos a casarnos/Hidrogenesse: Llévame a dormir", Split 7" Vinyl Golden Greats #1 (2011)
- "Un Dígito binario dudoso. Recital para Alan Turing", CD-Album (2012)
- "El artista", 3 songs 7" Vinyl (ValeVergas, México 2013)
- "Hidroboy", 7" Flexi-disc | 6,136,906 |
2569051 | Hidrogenesse | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hidrogenesse | Hidrogenesse
la", CD-Album (2008)
- "Hidrogenesse versus The Hidden Cameras", CD Mini-Album and 12" Vinyl (2010)
- "Single: Vamos a casarnos/Hidrogenesse: Llévame a dormir", Split 7" Vinyl Golden Greats #1 (2011)
- "Un Dígito binario dudoso. Recital para Alan Turing", CD-Album (2012)
- "El artista", 3 songs 7" Vinyl (ValeVergas, México 2013)
- "Hidroboy", 7" Flexi-disc (Austrohúngaro, 2013)
- "Roma", CD/LP Album (Austrohúngaro, 2015)
- "Most", CD Compilation (Austrohúngaro/Laptra, 2015)
- "No hay nada más triste que lo tuyo", 7" single (Austrohúngaro, 2016) OST "Distancias Cortas"
# External links.
- Official site
- Record company
- Art exhibition "Moix"
- Hidrogenesse on Music Industrapedia | 6,136,907 |
2569114 | Ivana Banfić | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivana%20Banfić | Ivana Banfić
Ivana Banfić
Ivana Banfić (); born 16 November 1969) is a Croatian dancer and pop singer. She became famous under the stage name I BEE in the 1990s during the period of popularity of dance music in Croatia.
Banfić was born in Zagreb. She released her first album in 1991. Her numbers were remembered for sexually provocative lyrics and elaborate choreography. Her well-known hit was "Šumica", a song about nude swimming.
She also took part in a hugely successful duet with Bosnian vocalist Dino Merlin called "Godinama" in 2000, a song which achieved popularity throughout the former Yugoslavia. The song won a Porin Award for Hit of the Year in 2001.
# Discography.
- "Vozy Me Polako" (Suzy), 1991)
- | 6,136,908 |
2569114 | Ivana Banfić | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivana%20Banfić | Ivana Banfić
E in the 1990s during the period of popularity of dance music in Croatia.
Banfić was born in Zagreb. She released her first album in 1991. Her numbers were remembered for sexually provocative lyrics and elaborate choreography. Her well-known hit was "Šumica", a song about nude swimming.
She also took part in a hugely successful duet with Bosnian vocalist Dino Merlin called "Godinama" in 2000, a song which achieved popularity throughout the former Yugoslavia. The song won a Porin Award for Hit of the Year in 2001.
# Discography.
- "Vozy Me Polako" (Suzy), 1991)
- "Žena Devedesetih" (Menart, 1999)
- "Ona Zna" (Menart, 2001)
- "Glamour" (Menart, 2003)
- "Vjerujem" (Dallas Records, 2006) | 6,136,909 |
2569084 | Zazas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zazas | Zazas
Zazas
The Zazas (also known as Kird, Kirmanc or Dimili) are a people in eastern Turkey who natively speak the Zaza language. Their heartland, the Dersim region, consists of Tunceli, Bingöl provinces and parts of Elazığ, Erzincan and Diyarbakır provinces. The majority of Zazas consider themselves ethnic Kurds and they are often described as Zaza Kurds.
# Demographics.
The exact number of Zazas is unknown, due to the absence of recent and extensive census data. The most recent official statistics concerning native language are available for the year 1965, where 147,707 (0.5%) chose Zaza as their native language in Turkey. More recent data suggests that the total population varies from approximately | 6,136,910 |
2569084 | Zazas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zazas | Zazas
2 to 4 million. It is also important to note that many Zazas only learned Kurdish (Kurmanji), as it was believed that the Zaza language was just a Kurdish offshoot. According to a KONDA survey from March 2007, Kurds and Zazas together comprise an estimated 13.4% of the adult population and 15.68% of the whole population in Turkey. The Zazas live mainly in Dersim (present-day Tunceli), between Erzincan in the north and the Murad-su river in the south, as well as in Bingol, Mush, the province of Diyarbekir, Siverek, Sivas etc. Following the 1980 Turkish coup d'état, many intellectual minorities educated in Turkey, including Zazas, emigrated from the country across Europe, Australia and the United | 6,136,911 |
2569084 | Zazas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zazas | Zazas
States. The largest of the Zaza diaspora - about half a million people - is located in Europe, mainly in Germany.
# Ethnogenesis.
While almost all linguists agree that the Zaza language is not a Kurdish dialect but rather an independent language just like Gorani, they also agree on the fact that Zazas and Kurds are ethnically and culturally linked. This ethnic and culturally linkage though is more of an overshadowing of Kurdish identity upon the Zaza. For centuries, the Zaza have been surrounded by the Kurds, a people with a homogeneous language and close culture. Therefore, outside of the region, the Zaza have always been considered to be a part of the Kurds, or a "Kurdish tribe". This suppression | 6,136,912 |
2569084 | Zazas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zazas | Zazas
of Zaza autonomy has only been increased in the past century as a result of Kurdish political strivings from multiple resistance movements against the government. These political Turko-Kurdish conflicts put significant twin pressure on the Zaza identity. Intense political agitation around them encourages the Zazas to be part of the "imagined community" of Kurds, the biggest 'ethnic grouping' to be with out nationhood, while simultaneously admitting that its participants are the very mixed product— an homogenisation or cultural mosaic of "tribes" over millennia. Also, Kurdish nationalists play on the point that a large component of so-called Zazas do not want to be called by that name at all, | 6,136,913 |
2569084 | Zazas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zazas | Zazas
but prefer self-inscribing as Kirmanji, a designation sounding one step away from being Kurmanji speaking Kurds. Meanwhile, in the Zaza language the term Kirmanji is regarded as a synonym for Alevi, which is the main religious group of Zazas living in Dersim separate from Northern Kurds. Among the Armenians, the Zazas are also known as Zaza-Kider, i.e. Zaza-Kurds - the fact, which by no means shows the identification of the Zazas with the Kurds, but rather distinguishes them as a specific group from a common Kurdish background. A scientific report from 2005 concluded that Zazas share the same genetical pattern as other 'kurdish groups', which would support the idea of a separate distinction | 6,136,914 |
2569084 | Zazas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zazas | Zazas
between the two groups with a possibly connected background.
However, the Kurds are not the only group to claim linkage to the Zazas. It is debated that the Zaza may possess roots going back to the Hitities or derive from a migration from the linguistically-related south Caspian. Similar cultural expressions, and folkloric traditions of the "Old Women" in connection with the dead would further suggest a possible deeper connection between the Zazas and Hitities. Ludwig Paul also mentions that the ethno-cultural point is the decisive factor for the question of the ethnic identity of Zaza speakers. The name Zaza was initially used by the neighbouring peoples as a pejorative characteristic (zaza | 6,136,915 |
2569084 | Zazas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zazas | Zazas
means stutterer) due to specific phonetic system of the language of the Zazas, which is the only one among the North-West Iranian dialects having single- focused affricates - a strong indication of Armenian influence. Some claim this to be exclusively an influence due to the shared historical and geographical ties between Zazas and Armenians to Dersim. Others citing the Prominence of Alevism, Armenian traditions, and everyday habits in Zaza society to be more suggestive of shared roots.
# Historic roots of the Zazas.
Some Zazas use the word Dimilî (Daylami) to describe their ethnic identity. Opposed to Alevi-Zazas who live in the North self-describing as Kirmanji, those who live south of Dersim | 6,136,916 |
2569084 | Zazas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zazas | Zazas
refer to themselves as Dimilî. The word Daylam describes a region of Gilan Province in today’s Iran. Some linguists connect the word Dimilî with the Daylamites (Gilaks) in the Alborz Mountains near the shores of the Caspian Sea in Iran and believe that the Zaza have migrated from Daylam towards the west. The Armenians call this people Ddmik, the term which goes Middle Iranian delmik i.e. daylamit, the dweller of the Daylam. Today, Iranian languages are still spoken in southern regions of the Caspian Sea (also called the Caspian languages), including Gilaki, Sangsari, Mazanderani, Tati, Semnani, and Talysh, and they are grammatically and lexically very close to Zaza; this supports the argument | 6,136,917 |
2569084 | Zazas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zazas | Zazas
that Zazas emigrated from the southern regions of the Caspian Sea reaching eastern Anatolia.
These claims have already been disproven by genetical studies on Zazaki-speakers. A scientific study from 2005 concluded that Zazas share the same genetical pattern as other 'kurdish groups' and harshly didn't support the claim that Zazaki-speakers have migrated from Northern Iran (including the Caspian Sea area and Khorasan).
# Language.
Zaza is a Northwest Iranic language, spoken in the east of modern Turkey, with approximately 2 to 3 million speakers. There is a division between Northern and Southern Zaza, most notably in phonological inventory, but Zaza as a whole forms a dialect continuum, with | 6,136,918 |
2569084 | Zazas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zazas | Zazas
no recognized standard. Northern Zaza is strongly associated with historical Dersim, and is spoken in the northern and northeastern parts of Elazig province, eastern and central Sivas, southern Erzincan, western Erzurum and Bingöl, and Tunceli.
The first written statements in the Zaza language were compiled by the linguist Peter Lerch in 1850. Two other important documents are the religious writings (Mewlıd) of Ehmedê Xasi of 1899, and of Usman Efendiyo Babıc (published in Damascus in 1933); both of these works were written in the Arabic alphabet. The state owned TRT Kurdî airs shows on Zaza language.
The Zaza language is considered to be an endangered language due to a long history of persecution, | 6,136,919 |
2569084 | Zazas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zazas | Zazas
and targeting by the Turkish government. The lack of documentation, and the decline in the number of native Zaza speakers can largely be attributed to the Turkish laws put in place in the mid-1920’s, after the creation of the Republic of Turkey. These laws banned the Kurdish language, of which Zaza was often erroneously considered a dialect, from being spoken in public, being written down, and being published. One specific law, the Language Ban Act of 1985, explicitly stated that only Turkish could be spoken in public, not only greatly discouraged the use of Zaza, but it also endangered the cultural identity of the Zaza. The consequences of this process of turkification were so detrimental that | 6,136,920 |
2569084 | Zazas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zazas | Zazas
under the Alawi-Zaza population the youngest generations hardly speak the language or teaches it to its children. Only until very recently has Zaza been allowed back in the public sphere of Turkey. But the effects of these past policies are still very present as there has been a lack of literature and substantial development in the language.
During the 1980s following the passage of these persecutory laws, the Zaza diaspora resulted in a small renaissance following meager efforts by Zazas in Europe. This was followed by the publication of magazines and books in Turkey, particularly in Istanbul. The efforts of Zaza intellectuals to advance the comprehensibility of their native language by alphabetizing | 6,136,921 |
2569084 | Zazas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zazas | Zazas
were not fruitless: the number of publications in Zaza increased by the multiple. The rediscovery of the native culture by Zaza intellectuals not only caused a revival of Zaza language and culture, it also triggered feelings among younger generations of Zazas (who unfortunately, rarely spoke Zaza as a mothertongue at the time) in favor of modern western in the Zaza language, and thus their interest in the most important inheritance of their ancestors.
# Connection to Kurds.
Kurds and Zazas have for centuries lived in the same areas in Anatolia. In the 1920s and 1930s, Zazas played a key role in the rise of Kurdish nationalism with their rebellions against the Ottoman Empire and later the Republic | 6,136,922 |
2569084 | Zazas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zazas | Zazas
of Turkey. During the Sheikh Said rebellion in 1925, the Zaza Sheikh Said and his supporters (both Zazas and Kurmanjis) rebelled against the newly established Turkey for its nationalist and secular ideology. In 1937 during the Dersim rebellion, Zazas once again rebelled against the Turks. This time the rebellion was led by Seyid Riza and ended with a massacre of thousands of Kurdish and Zaza civilians, while many were internally displaced due to the conflict. Zazas also participated in the Kurdish Koçgiri rebellion in 1920.
Sakine Cansız, a Zaza from Tunceli was a founding member of Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), and like her many Zazas joined the rebels. Other noticeable Zaza individuals in | 6,136,923 |
2569084 | Zazas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zazas | Zazas
PKK are Besê Hozat and Mazlum Doğan. Many Zaza politicians are also to be found in the fraternal Kurdish parties of HDP and DBP, like co-chairman of HDP Selahattin Demirtaş, Aysel Tuğluk, Ayla Akat Ata and Gültan Kışanak. On the other hand, some Zazas have publicly said they don't consider themselves Kurdish like Hüseyin Aygün, a CHP politician from Tunceli.
# Zaza nationalism.
Zaza nationalism grew primarily in the diaspora, because of the more visible difference between Kurmanjis and Zazas. Supporters of Zaza nationalism are afraid of being assimilated by Turkish and Kurdish influence. They indicate of protecting Zaza culture, language and heritage rather than seeking any kind of autonomy | 6,136,924 |
2569084 | Zazas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zazas | Zazas
within Turkey. During this time period, following in the footsteps of the revival of Alevi cultural expression, the Zazas were able to find their own national self-consciousness in the freer European political climate. consciousness. Ebubekir Pamukchu, the founder of the Zaza national movement expressed this idea in the following word: "From that moment I became Zaza." E. Pamukchu was born in Dersim in 1946. Being graduated from a higher college he taught the Turkish language in many parts of the country. At the age of 20 he joined the leftists and was several times imprisoned for his political activities and seditious poems. In 1989 E. Pamukchu emigrated to Sweden where he continued his work | 6,136,925 |
2569084 | Zazas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zazas | Zazas
until he died in 1991. Ebubekir Pamukchu was the founder of first periodicals in the Zaza language - "Ayre" and "Piya".
Some Kurds and international foundations suggest a link between the founder of Zaza nationalism, Ebubekir Pamukçu (d. 1993), and the Turkish intelligence services. The Zaza nationalistic movement was welcomed and financially supported by certain circles in Turkey’s intelligence establishment and Pamukcu has since been accused of having ties to Turkish intelligence. These are not the only claims by Kurds, and others of attempts by the Turkish government to use Zaza nationalism to attack the strength of Kurdish resistance. The Zazas have the attractions of modern Turkey, and | 6,136,926 |
2569084 | Zazas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zazas | Zazas
the socio-economic (especially educational) benefits it offers other neighboring minorities who eschew involvement in Kurdish separatism (such as the Lazi[c])s to the far north, or Arabic and Syriac-speaking enclaves in and around Mardin).
In an interview with Kurdmedia, Kurdish-Zaza linguist Mehemed Malmîsanij said the name of this “Zazaistan” publisher was the “Zaza Culture and Publication House” and was part of the Turkish intelligence services with the task of attacking the Kurdish nationalist movement. “The conclusion that I draw… is that these [Zaza nationalist groups] were groups based in the state, or with a more favorable expression, groups that thought in parallel with the state”.
# | 6,136,927 |
2569084 | Zazas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zazas | Zazas
offers other neighboring minorities who eschew involvement in Kurdish separatism (such as the Lazi[c])s to the far north, or Arabic and Syriac-speaking enclaves in and around Mardin).
In an interview with Kurdmedia, Kurdish-Zaza linguist Mehemed Malmîsanij said the name of this “Zazaistan” publisher was the “Zaza Culture and Publication House” and was part of the Turkish intelligence services with the task of attacking the Kurdish nationalist movement. “The conclusion that I draw… is that these [Zaza nationalist groups] were groups based in the state, or with a more favorable expression, groups that thought in parallel with the state”.
# See also.
- Sedat Bucak
- Kurdistan
- Daylamites | 6,136,928 |
2569115 | Isidor Sadger | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isidor%20Sadger | Isidor Sadger
Isidor Sadger
Isidor Isaak Sadger (29 October 1867 - 21 December 1942), born in Neu Sandez, Galicia, was a forensic doctor and psychoanalyst in Vienna. A leader in the early development of psychoanalysis, he began his career as a neurological specialist and, in 1894, began publishing a series of articles on psychophysiology. He studied with Sigmund Freud from 1895 to 1904 with a concentration in homosexuality and fetishism and coined the term "Sadomasochismus" (sadomasochism) in 1913. He also coined the term "Narcissmus" (narcissism). In September 1942, he was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp, where he died.
# Work.
Sadger published "Fragment der Psychoanalyse eines Homosexuellen" | 6,136,929 |
2569115 | Isidor Sadger | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isidor%20Sadger | Isidor Sadger
in the "Jahrbuch für sexuellen Zwischenstufen" in 1908. It described his analysis of a melancholy Danish count who was homosexual. The analysis lasted for only thirteen days before being terminated by the patient, whose sexual orientation was not changed. Later in 1908, Sadger published "Ist die konträre Sexualempfindung heilbar?", which assessed the value of psychoanalysis as a treatment for "contrary sexual feeling", in the "Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft". He answered the question of whether it could be cured in patients who were moral and determined ""mit einem runden Ja!"" (""with a definitive Yes!""). Sadger believed that it was not enough to establish a spurious kind of heterosexual | 6,136,930 |
2569115 | Isidor Sadger | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isidor%20Sadger | Isidor Sadger
functioning or ""masturbatio per vaginam"", wanting instead to change a patient's ""Sexualideal"", the internal image of his sexual object.
Freud stated in a note in his revised 1910 edition of “Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality” that his conclusions about homosexuality were partly based on information obtained from Sadger. Sadger's main work, "Die Lehre von den Geschlechtsverwirrugen [...] auf psychoanalytischer Grundlage" was published in 1921. Although he supported a hereditarian degeneracy theory, Sadger usually argued that homosexuality was due to accidental family events, but for unclear reasons he frequently reported family histories of sexual inversion. Sadger followed Freud's | 6,136,931 |
2569115 | Isidor Sadger | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isidor%20Sadger | Isidor Sadger
ory of Sexuality” that his conclusions about homosexuality were partly based on information obtained from Sadger. Sadger's main work, "Die Lehre von den Geschlechtsverwirrugen [...] auf psychoanalytischer Grundlage" was published in 1921. Although he supported a hereditarian degeneracy theory, Sadger usually argued that homosexuality was due to accidental family events, but for unclear reasons he frequently reported family histories of sexual inversion. Sadger followed Freud's idea that gay men unconsciously desire to castrate their fathers by rendering their male partners flaccid through orgasm so that they can magically incorporate their masculinity and finally obtain access to the mother. | 6,136,932 |
2569111 | Bévilard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bévilard | Bévilard
Bévilard
Bévilard is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura ("Jura Bernois"). On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Bévilard, Malleray and Pontenet merged to form the new municipality of Valbirse.
# History.
Bévilard is first mentioned in 1182 as "Bevilar". In German it was known as "Bewiler" though this is not used currently.
Very little is known about the early history of the village. During the 13th and 14th centuries the noble Bévilard family appear in a few records. Throughout much of its existence, it was owned by the Provost of Moutier-Grandval Abbey. After the 1797 | 6,136,933 |
2569111 | Bévilard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bévilard | Bévilard
French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Bévilard became part of the French Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Bévilard was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815.
The village parish church of Saint-Georges was first mentioned in 1263. The current church building is from 1716. In 1531 the Protestant Reformation entered the village and the new faith was adopted. The church was the center of a parish that originally included Bévilard, Malleray and Pontenet. In the 18th century the municipality of Champoz joined the parish. In 1746 a filial church of the parish was established in Sornetan.
The village was generally agrarian until the Basel-Delémont-Biel | 6,136,934 |
2569111 | Bévilard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bévilard | Bévilard
railroad built a station between Bévilard and Malleray in 1877. The convenient link to the transportation network encouraged several precision machining and watch making factories to set up in the municipality. In 1882 the Hélios gear factory opened and was followed in 1915 Schäublin machining factory. The watch industry was a major source of income and led to a growing population in the municipality until the 1970s. Beginning in the 1970s, competition from cheaper electronic watches forced many Swiss watchmakers out of business and the population in Bévilard dropped.
# Geography.
Before the merger, Bévilard had a total area of . As of 2012, a total of or 40.7% is used for agricultural purposes, | 6,136,935 |
2569111 | Bévilard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bévilard | Bévilard
while or 48.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 12.5% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes.
During the same year, housing and buildings made up 7.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.5%. Out of the forested land, 40.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 7.7% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 8.8% is used for growing crops, 12.7% is pastures and 18.7% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
The municipality is located in the upper Birs River Valley. Over the years it and the village of Malleray have grown together into a single settled area.
On 31 | 6,136,936 |
2569111 | Bévilard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bévilard | Bévilard
December 2009 District de Moutier, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.
# Coat of arms.
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is "Azure a Dagger Argent in bend hilted Or in chief."
# Demographics.
Bévilard had a population (as of 2013) of 1,730. , 15.3% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of -0.6%. Migration accounted for -0.2%, while births and deaths accounted for -0.8%.
Most of the population () speaks French (1,417 or 85.1%) as their first language, German is the second most | 6,136,937 |
2569111 | Bévilard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bévilard | Bévilard
common (99 or 5.9%) and Italian is the third (78 or 4.7%). There is 1 person who speaks Romansh.
, the population was 49.9% male and 50.1% female. The population was made up of 694 Swiss men (41.2% of the population) and 146 (8.7%) non-Swiss men. There were 732 Swiss women (43.5%) and 112 (6.7%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 470 or about 28.2% were born in Bévilard and lived there in 2000. There were 619 or 37.2% who were born in the same canton, while 269 or 16.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 262 or 15.7% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 20.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make | 6,136,938 |
2569111 | Bévilard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bévilard | Bévilard
up 58.7% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 21.3%.
, there were 589 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 884 married individuals, 125 widows or widowers and 68 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 236 households that consist of only one person and 54 households with five or more people. , a total of 675 apartments (86.4% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 51 apartments (6.5%) were seasonally occupied and 55 apartments (7.0%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 0.6 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 2.84%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
# | 6,136,939 |
2569111 | Bévilard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bévilard | Bévilard
Politics.
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 31.4% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Social Democratic Party (SP) (27.3%), the Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland (EDU) (8.8%) and the FDP.The Liberals (7.9%). In the federal election, a total of 482 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 41.2%.
# Economy.
, Bévilard had an unemployment rate of 2.23%. , there were a total of 788 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 16 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 7 businesses involved in this sector. 541 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were | 6,136,940 |
2569111 | Bévilard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bévilard | Bévilard
20 businesses in this sector. 231 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 42 businesses in this sector. There were 789 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 37.6% of the workforce.
, there were 379 workers who commuted into the municipality and 500 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 289 workers (43.5% of the 664 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Bévilard. About 1.1% of the workforce coming into Bévilard are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 9.4% used public | 6,136,941 |
2569111 | Bévilard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bévilard | Bévilard
transportation to get to work, and 61.3% used a private car.
In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident of Bévilard making 150,000 CHF was 13.6%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 20%. For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in 2006 was 13.9% and the nationwide rate was 11.6%. In 2009 there were a total of 744 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 209 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There were 8 people who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Bévilard was 108,391 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.
# Religion.
From the , 743 or 44.6% belonged to the Swiss | 6,136,942 |
2569111 | Bévilard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bévilard | Bévilard
Reformed Church, while 484 or 29.1% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 14 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.84% of the population), there was 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 484 individuals (or about 29.05% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 41 (or about 2.46% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 98 (or about 5.88% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 41 individuals (or about 2.46% of the population) did not answer the question.
# Education.
In Bévilard about 49.4% of the population have | 6,136,943 |
2569111 | Bévilard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bévilard | Bévilard
completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 12.8% have completed additional higher education (either university or a "Fachhochschule"). Of the 132 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 70.5% were Swiss men, 15.2% were Swiss women, 11.4% were non-Swiss men.
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2011-12 school year, | 6,136,944 |
2569111 | Bévilard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bévilard | Bévilard
there were a total of 131 students attending classes in Bévilard. There were 2 kindergarten classes with a total of 31 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 6.5% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 3.2% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 6 primary classes and 100 students. Of the primary students, 21.0% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 14.0% have a different mother language than the classroom language.
, there were a total of 180 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 175 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while | 6,136,945 |
2569111 | Bévilard | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bévilard | Bévilard
re permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 3.2% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 6 primary classes and 100 students. Of the primary students, 21.0% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 14.0% have a different mother language than the classroom language.
, there were a total of 180 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 175 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 5 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 105 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
# External links.
- http://www.bevilard.ch official website | 6,136,946 |
2569121 | Champoz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Champoz | Champoz
Champoz
Champoz is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking part of the canton in the Jura mountains.
# History.
Champoz is first mentioned in 1365 as "Champo".
The Roman army built an observation post on the mountainside near the present day village. Very little is known about the early history of the village, but throughout its history it was owned by the bailiff of Malleray who was under the authority of the provost of Moutier-Grandval Abbey. In 1499, during the Swabian War, Imperial troops destroyed the village. Both before and after the Protestant Reformation in 1531 it was part of the parish | 6,136,947 |
2569121 | Champoz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Champoz | Champoz
of Chalières. This changed in 1746 when it became part of the Bévilard parish.
After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Champoz became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. Three years later, in 1800 it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Champoz was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815.
The village is located in the mountains above the Tavannes valley. Because of its location, during the 19th century the roads, railroads and industrialization of the valley bypassed Champoz. Today, many residents still work in agriculture while others commute to jobs in the Tavannes valley.
# Geography.
Champoz | 6,136,948 |
2569121 | Champoz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Champoz | Champoz
has an area of . As of 2012, a total of or 46.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 50.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 2.9% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes.
During the same year, housing and buildings made up 1.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.4%. Out of the forested land, 44.0% of the total land area is heavily forested and 6.5% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 11.4% is used for growing crops and 15.9% is pastures and 18.7% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is in lakes.
The municipality is located in the Moutier district, on the southern slope of | 6,136,949 |
2569121 | Champoz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Champoz | Champoz
Moron mountain. It consists of the linear village of Champoz and part of the hamlet of Le Petit-Champoz.
On 31 December 2009 District de Moutier, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.
# Coat of arms.
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is "Or issuant from a Mount Vert a Gentian Azure slipped and leaved of the second and on a Chief Gules fimbriated Vert a Semi Sun issuant Argent."
# Demographics.
Champoz has a population () of . , 0.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of 2.6%. | 6,136,950 |
2569121 | Champoz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Champoz | Champoz
Migration accounted for 5.2%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.7%.
Most of the population () speaks French (137 or 90.7%) as their first language with the rest speaking German.
, the population was 49.7% male and 50.3% female. The population was made up of 76 Swiss men (49.7% of the population) and (0.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 76 Swiss women (49.7%) and 1 (0.7%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 71 or about 47.0% were born in Champoz and lived there in 2000. There were 63 or 41.7% who were born in the same canton, while 12 or 7.9% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 5 or 3.3% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0-19 years old) | 6,136,951 |
2569121 | Champoz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Champoz | Champoz
make up 25.5% of the population, while adults (20-64 years old) make up 61.8% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 12.7%.
, there were 72 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 74 married individuals, 3 widows or widowers and 2 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 10 households that consist of only one person and 10 households with five or more people. , a total of 46 apartments (66.7% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 18 apartments (26.1%) were seasonally occupied and 5 apartments (7.2%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 2.35%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
# Sights.
The entire village | 6,136,952 |
2569121 | Champoz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Champoz | Champoz
of Champoz is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
# Politics.
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 60.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (8.6%), the Evangelical People's Party (EVP) (8%) and the Christian Social Party (CSP) (8%). In the federal election, a total of 80 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 64.0%.
# Economy.
, Champoz had an unemployment rate of 1.79%. , there were a total of 41 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 32 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 12 businesses involved in | 6,136,953 |
2569121 | Champoz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Champoz | Champoz
this sector. 3 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 2 businesses in this sector. 6 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 3 businesses in this sector. There were 65 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 35.4% of the workforce.
, there were 11 workers who commuted into the municipality and 34 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 3.1 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 31 workers (73.8% of the 42 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Champoz. Of the working population, 1.5% used public transportation to get | 6,136,954 |
2569121 | Champoz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Champoz | Champoz
to work, and 49.2% used a private car.
In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident of Champoz making 150,000 CHF was 12.4%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 18.2%. For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in 2006 was 13.9% and the nationwide rate was 11.6%. In 2009 there were a total of 56 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 20 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There was one person who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Champoz was 133,815 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.
# Religion.
From the , 75 or 49.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while | 6,136,955 |
2569121 | Champoz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Champoz | Champoz
8 or 5.3% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 85 individuals (or about 56.29% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 1 individual who belonged to another church. 8 (or about 5.30% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 16 individuals (or about 10.60% of the population) did not answer the question.
# Education.
In Champoz about 64.5% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 7.9% have completed additional higher education (either university or a "Fachhochschule"). Of the 7 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 71.4% were Swiss men, | 6,136,956 |
2569121 | Champoz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Champoz | Champoz
28.6% were Swiss women.
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 12 students attending classes in Champoz. There were no kindergarten classes in the municipality. The municipality had one primary class and 12 students. Of the primary students, 8.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language.
, there | 6,136,957 |
2569121 | Champoz | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Champoz | Champoz
ility and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 12 students attending classes in Champoz. There were no kindergarten classes in the municipality. The municipality had one primary class and 12 students. Of the primary students, 8.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language.
, there were a total of 38 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 27 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 11 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 15 residents attended schools outside the municipality. | 6,136,958 |
2569123 | Châtelat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Châtelat | Châtelat
Châtelat
Châtelat is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura ("Jura Bernois"), however a majority of the residents in Châtelat are German speaking. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Châtelat, Monible, Sornetan and Souboz merged to form the new municipality of Petit-Val.
# History.
Châtelat is first mentioned in 1335 as "Schestellat".
For most of the village's history, it belonged to the court and parish of Sornetan under the provost of Moutier-Grandval Abbey. Châtelat remained part of the parish after they both converted to the new faith during the Protestant Reformation | 6,136,959 |
2569123 | Châtelat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Châtelat | Châtelat
in 1531. In the following years, a colony of Mennonites was established in the village of Moron on the slopes of the Moron mountain. Moron was located at the far end of the valley, at an elevation of and like many Mennonite settlements was in a poorly accessible location. After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Châtelat became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. Three years later, in 1800 it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Châtelat was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815. During the period of French control, the village of Fornet-Dessous was an independent municipality. At some point after | 6,136,960 |
2569123 | Châtelat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Châtelat | Châtelat
Bern assumed control, it was integrated into the Châtelat municipality. In 1829 the village of Fornet-Dessous was completely destroyed in a fire.
Today, the village remains fairly rural and agrarian. About two-thirds of the workers work in the municipality and about two-thirds of the jobs in the municipality are in agriculture.
# Geography.
Before the merger, Châtelat had a total area of . As of 2012, a total of or 54.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 42.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 2.7% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.5% is either rivers or lakes.
During the same year, housing and buildings made up 1.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.0%. Out | 6,136,961 |
2569123 | Châtelat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Châtelat | Châtelat
of the forested land, 32.3% of the total land area is heavily forested and 9.9% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 2.2% is used for growing crops and 31.8% is pastures and 20.2% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
The former municipality is located in the Moutier district in the Petit Val. The main village is split in half by the Pichoux-Strasse. It consists of the villages of Châtelat, Moron and Fornet-Dessous. The nearby village of Fornet-Dessus belongs to the municipality of Lajoux.
On 31 December 2009 District de Moutier, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January | 6,136,962 |
2569123 | Châtelat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Châtelat | Châtelat
2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.
# Coat of arms.
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is "Argent a Tower embattled Sable issuant from a Mount of 3 Coupeaux Vert between three Mullets Gules." The coat of arms of Châtelat is an example of canting since the tower is a castle (). The threes stars represent the three parts of the municipality, le Châtelat, le Fornet and Moron.
# Demographics.
Châtelat had a population (as of 2013) of 105. , 2.7% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of 0%. Migration accounted for -3.6%, while births and deaths accounted for 0%.
Most | 6,136,963 |
2569123 | Châtelat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Châtelat | Châtelat
of the population () speaks German (78 or 63.9%) as their first language with the rest speaking French.
, the population was 50.5% male and 49.5% female. The population was made up of 55 Swiss men (49.5% of the population) and 1 (0.9%) non-Swiss men. There were 53 Swiss women (47.7%) and 2 (1.8%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 71 or about 58.2% were born in Châtelat and lived there in 2000. There were 31 or 25.4% who were born in the same canton, while 14 or 11.5% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 3 or 2.5% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 27% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 49.5% | 6,136,964 |
2569123 | Châtelat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Châtelat | Châtelat
and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 23.4%.
, there were 52 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 65 married individuals, 5 widows or widowers and individuals who are divorced.
, there were 9 households that consist of only one person and 6 households with five or more people. , a total of 39 apartments (84.8% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 5 apartments (10.9%) were seasonally occupied and 2 apartments (4.3%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 2%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
# Sights.
The entire village of Châtelat is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
# Politics.
In | 6,136,965 |
2569123 | Châtelat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Châtelat | Châtelat
the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 46.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Evangelical People's Party (EVP) (22%), the Christian Social Party (CSP) (22%) and the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (11.4%). In the federal election, a total of 48 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 53.9%.
# Economy.
, Châtelat had an unemployment rate of 0.49%. , there were a total of 61 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 40 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 16 businesses involved in this sector. 15 people were employed in the secondary sector and there was 1 business | 6,136,966 |
2569123 | Châtelat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Châtelat | Châtelat
in this sector. 6 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 2 businesses in this sector. There were 68 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 36.8% of the workforce.
, there were 7 workers who commuted into the municipality and 19 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.7 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 49 workers (87.5% of the 56 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Châtelat.
In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident of Châtelat making 150,000 CHF was 13%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 19.1%. | 6,136,967 |
2569123 | Châtelat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Châtelat | Châtelat
For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in 2006 was 13.9% and the nationwide rate was 11.6%. In 2009 there were a total of 37 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 8 made over 75,000 CHF per year. The greatest number of workers, 10, made between 20 and 30 thousand CHF per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Châtelat was 87,463 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.
# Religion.
From the , 29 or 23.8% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 4 or 3.3% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 75 individuals (or about 61.48% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. 6 (or about | 6,136,968 |
2569123 | Châtelat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Châtelat | Châtelat
4.92% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 8 individuals (or about 6.56% of the population) did not answer the question.
# Education.
In Châtelat about 47.7% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 12.3% have completed additional higher education (either university or a "Fachhochschule"). Of the 9 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 44.4% were Swiss men, 55.6% were Swiss women.
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students | 6,136,969 |
2569123 | Châtelat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Châtelat | Châtelat
of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 20 students attending classes in Châtelat. There were no kindergarten classes and one primary class with 20 students.
, there were a total of 9 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 2 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 7 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 14 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
# External links.
- http://www.chatelat.ch | 6,136,970 |
2569136 | Bessera | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bessera | Bessera
Bessera
Bessera is a genus of Mexican plants in the cluster lily subfamily within the asparagus family. It is a small genus of 3 known species of mostly herbaceous flowering plants with corms. They have flowers with petals and petaloid sepals (tepals) with compound pistils.
The genus is named for Austrian and Russian botanist Wilibald Swibert Joseph Gottlieb von Besser (1784–1842).
"Bessera elegans", called coral drops, is cultivated and is a half-hardy Mexican herbaceous plant growing from corms with drooping terminal umbels of showy red-and-white colored flowers.
# Taxonomy.
## Species.
Current species include:
- 1. "Bessera elegans" — central to southern Mexico.
- 2. "Bessera tenuiflora" | 6,136,971 |
2569136 | Bessera | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bessera | Bessera
. "Bessera tenuiflora" — Baja California Sur state, including the southern Baja California Peninsula and Gulf of California islands; and the coastal region of mainland Northwestern Mexico.
- 3. "Bessera tuitensis" — Jalisco state in coastal southwestern Mexico.
## Former species.
Some plants formerly classified as "Bessera" species have been reclassified under other genera, which include: "Androstephium, Drypetes, Flueggea, Guapira, and Pulmonaria."br
Former species include:
- "Bessera azurea — Pulmonaria angustifolia"
- "Bessera breviflora — Androstephium breviflorum"
- "Bessera calycantha — Guapira opposita"
- "Bessera inermis — Flueggea virosa"
- "Bessera spinosa — Drypetes alba" | 6,136,972 |
2569124 | Corcelles, Bern | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corcelles,%20Bern | Corcelles, Bern
Corcelles, Bern
Corcelles is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking part of the canton in the Jura mountains.
# History.
Corcelles may have been first mentioned in 1181 as "Corcellis" though there is some debate over this mention.
The village has always been part of the parish of Grandval. In 1531, the entire parish converted to the new faith of the Protestant Reformation.
For most of its history, the village was owned by the provost of Moutier-Grandval Abbey. After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Corcelles became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. Three years | 6,136,973 |
2569124 | Corcelles, Bern | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corcelles,%20Bern | Corcelles, Bern
later, in 1800 it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Corcelles was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815.
Iron has been mined and smelted in Corcelles for centuries. A hydraulic hammer mill operated in the village from 1791 until 1955. Today the building has been restored and is a museum. From 1830 until 1842, the iron was smelted in a blast furnace by Ludwig von Rolls. While the iron industry was important to the region, the village was isolated and difficult to reach. In 1904-08 the Solothurn-Moutier railway built a railroad bridge to link the village to the rest of the country.
# Geography.
Corcelles has an area of . As of | 6,136,974 |
2569124 | Corcelles, Bern | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corcelles,%20Bern | Corcelles, Bern
2012, a total of or 41.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 56.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 2.4% is settled (buildings or roads).
During the same year, housing and buildings made up 1.5% and transportation infrastructure made up 0.7%. Out of the forested land, 51.6% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.7% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 7.5% is used for growing crops and 12.7% is pastures and 21.3% is used for alpine pastures.
It is a ribbon village on the east end of the Grand Val (valley of Moutier), with some houses on Mont Raimeux.
On 31 December 2009 District de Moutier, the municipality's former district, | 6,136,975 |
2569124 | Corcelles, Bern | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corcelles,%20Bern | Corcelles, Bern
was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.
# Coat of arms.
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is "Per pale Argent a Gules two Fishes in pale counterchanged." The fish represent the fish of the Gaibiat river which passes through the municipality.
# Demographics.
Corcelles has a population () of . , 3.1% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of -4%. Migration accounted for -2.2%, while births and deaths accounted for 0%.
Most of the population () speaks French (173 or 84.4%) as their first language, German is the second | 6,136,976 |
2569124 | Corcelles, Bern | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corcelles,%20Bern | Corcelles, Bern
most common (31 or 15.1%) and Italian is the third (1 or 0.5%).
, the population was 49.8% male and 50.2% female. The population was made up of 108 Swiss men (48.4% of the population) and 3 (1.3%) non-Swiss men. There were 108 Swiss women (48.4%) and 4 (1.8%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 68 or about 33.2% were born in Corcelles and lived there in 2000. There were 71 or 34.6% who were born in the same canton, while 54 or 26.3% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 9 or 4.4% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 20.6% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 58.4% and seniors (over 64 years old) | 6,136,977 |
2569124 | Corcelles, Bern | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corcelles,%20Bern | Corcelles, Bern
make up 21%.
, there were 87 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 94 married individuals, 19 widows or widowers and 5 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 33 households that consist of only one person and 13 households with five or more people. , a total of 75 apartments (81.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 13 apartments (14.1%) were seasonally occupied and 4 apartments (4.3%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 4.5 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 1.83%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
# Politics.
In the 2011 federal election the most | 6,136,978 |
2569124 | Corcelles, Bern | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corcelles,%20Bern | Corcelles, Bern
popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 34.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland (EDU) (20.4%), the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP) (11.7%) and the Evangelical People's Party (EVP) (9.2%). In the federal election, a total of 73 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 43.7%.
# Economy.
, Corcelles had an unemployment rate of 0.86%. , there were a total of 70 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 24 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 8 businesses involved in this sector. 19 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 6 businesses in this | 6,136,979 |
2569124 | Corcelles, Bern | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corcelles,%20Bern | Corcelles, Bern
sector. 27 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 3 businesses in this sector. There were 106 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 42.5% of the workforce.
, there were 9 workers who commuted into the municipality and 75 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 8.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 31 workers (77.5% of the 40 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Corcelles. Of the working population, 11.3% used public transportation to get to work, and 61.3% used a private car.
In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on | 6,136,980 |
2569124 | Corcelles, Bern | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corcelles,%20Bern | Corcelles, Bern
a married resident of Corcelles making 150,000 CHF was 13.2%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 19.4%. For comparison, the rate for the entire canton in the same year, was 14.2% for married residents and 22.0% for single. The nationwide rate was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively. In 2009 there were a total of 100 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 26 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There were 2 people who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Corcelles was 112,900 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.
# Religion.
From the , 107 or 52.2% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 47 or 22.9% were | 6,136,981 |
2569124 | Corcelles, Bern | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corcelles,%20Bern | Corcelles, Bern
Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 member of an Orthodox church, there was 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 36 individuals (or about 17.56% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. 8 (or about 3.90% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 5 individuals (or about 2.44% of the population) did not answer the question.
# Education.
In Corcelles about 59.4% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 6.6% have completed additional higher education (either university or a "Fachhochschule"). Of the 7 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling | 6,136,982 |
2569124 | Corcelles, Bern | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corcelles,%20Bern | Corcelles, Bern
listed in the census, 71.4% were Swiss men, 28.6% were Swiss women.
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 11 students attending classes in Corcelles. There were no kindergarten classes and one primary class with 11 students.
, there were a total of 22 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, | 6,136,983 |
2569124 | Corcelles, Bern | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corcelles,%20Bern | Corcelles, Bern
ry school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 11 students attending classes in Corcelles. There were no kindergarten classes and one primary class with 11 students.
, there were a total of 22 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 4 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 18 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 35 residents attended schools outside the municipality. | 6,136,984 |
2569131 | Court, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Court,%20Switzerland | Court, Switzerland
Court, Switzerland
Court is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura ("Jura Bernois").
# History.
Court is first mentioned in 1148 as "Cort".
Between the 12th and 15th centuries the village of Mévilier or Minvilier existed between Court and Champoz. During the 15th Mévilier village was abandoned for an unknown reason. For most of its history, Court was part of the district of Orval which was owned by the provost of Moutier-Grandval Abbey. After the 1797 French victory and the Treaty of Campo Formio, Court became part of the French Département of Mont-Terrible. Three years later, in 1800 | 6,136,985 |
2569131 | Court, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Court,%20Switzerland | Court, Switzerland
it became part of the Département of Haut-Rhin. After Napoleon's defeat and the Congress of Vienna, Court was assigned to the Canton of Bern in 1815.
Originally, Court was part of the parish of Mévilier. By the 16th century it was part of the parish of Sorvilier. In 1531, Court adopted the new faith of the Protestant Reformation. The old parish church of Mévilier remained in operation as a filial church for Court until about 1715. Then the residents of Court attended a church in the village of Vélé, between Court and Sorvilier. Finally, in 1864 a church was built in Court.
During the Middle Ages there were sawmills, mines and smelters in the village. In 1658 there were four glass blowing shops | 6,136,986 |
2569131 | Court, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Court,%20Switzerland | Court, Switzerland
in the village of le Chaluet. They remained in operation until 1738. Beginning at the end of the 18th century, pottery was produced in the municipality. The first major road through the Court Gorge in 1752 connected the village to the rest of the country and allowed it to grow. A railroad station of the Delemont-Sonceboz-Biel railroad was built in 1877. In 1911-16 a tunnel was built through the Jura Mountains which connected Court to Moutier and Grenchen. The excellent transportation links encouraged small factories to settle in Court. During the second half of the 19th century, engineering, watch-making and machining companies settled here. Today about two-thirds of the workers in the municipality | 6,136,987 |
2569131 | Court, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Court,%20Switzerland | Court, Switzerland
work in the industrial sector, mostly in small companies.
# Geography.
Court has an area of . As of 2012, a total of or 34.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 60.0% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 4.6% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.9% is unproductive land.
During the same year, housing and buildings made up 2.0% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.7%. Out of the forested land, 56.0% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.9% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 4.1% is used for growing crops and 8.8% is pastures and 21.3% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in | 6,136,988 |
2569131 | Court, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Court,%20Switzerland | Court, Switzerland
the municipality is flowing water.
It consists of the Court is a linear village in the eastern portion of the "Vallée de Tavannes" and along the entrance to the Court Canyon through which the Birs River runs. It also includes about a dozen isolated farm houses in le Chaluet, on Graitery, on Mont Girod and in Montoz.
The municipalities of Bévilard, Court, Malleray, Pontenet and Sorvilier are considering a merger on 1 January 2015 into the new municipality of Valbirse.
On 31 December 2009 District de Moutier, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Arrondissement administratif Jura bernois.
# Coat of arms.
The blazon | 6,136,989 |
2569131 | Court, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Court,%20Switzerland | Court, Switzerland
of the municipal coat of arms is "Azure a Horn Or ringed Argent and stringed Gules and a Chief of the first three pales Or."
# Demographics.
Court has a population () of . , 6.0% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of -0.8%. Migration accounted for -0.3%, while births and deaths accounted for -0.1%.
Most of the population () speaks French (1,202 or 89.1%) as their first language, German is the second most common (89 or 6.6%) and Portuguese is the third (14 or 1.0%). There are 13 people who speak Italian and 3 people who speak Romansh.
, the population was 48.7% male and 51.3% female. The population was | 6,136,990 |
2569131 | Court, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Court,%20Switzerland | Court, Switzerland
made up of 643 Swiss men (46.2% of the population) and 36 (2.6%) non-Swiss men. There were 667 Swiss women (47.9%) and 47 (3.4%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 630 or about 46.7% were born in Court and lived there in 2000. There were 343 or 25.4% who were born in the same canton, while 190 or 14.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 144 or 10.7% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 23.2% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 56.9% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.9%.
, there were 527 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 656 married individuals, | 6,136,991 |
2569131 | Court, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Court,%20Switzerland | Court, Switzerland
112 widows or widowers and 54 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 170 households that consist of only one person and 46 households with five or more people. , a total of 541 apartments (87.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 35 apartments (5.6%) were seasonally occupied and 46 apartments (7.4%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 1.4 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 6.42%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
# Politics.
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 45.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were | 6,136,992 |
2569131 | Court, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Court,%20Switzerland | Court, Switzerland
the Social Democratic Party (SP) (16.3%), another local party (11%) and the FDP.The Liberals (8.1%). In the federal election, a total of 367 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 35.9%.
# Economy.
, Court had an unemployment rate of 1.75%. , there were a total of 669 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 76 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 27 businesses involved in this sector. 432 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 36 businesses in this sector. 161 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 39 businesses in this sector. There were 675 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which | 6,136,993 |
2569131 | Court, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Court,%20Switzerland | Court, Switzerland
females made up 42.7% of the workforce.
, there were 376 workers who commuted into the municipality and 286 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.3 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. A total of 389 workers (51.4% of the 757 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Court. About 2.1% of the workforce coming into Court are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 5.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 56.1% used a private car.
In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Court making 150,000 CHF was 13.3%, while an unmarried | 6,136,994 |
2569131 | Court, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Court,%20Switzerland | Court, Switzerland
resident's rate was 19.5%. For comparison, the rate for the entire canton in the same year, was 14.2% for married residents and 22.0% for single. The nationwide rate was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively. In 2009 there were a total of 590 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 185 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There were 5 people who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Court was 114,484 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.
# Religion.
From the , 714 or 52.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 273 or 20.2% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 200 individuals (or about | 6,136,995 |
2569131 | Court, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Court,%20Switzerland | Court, Switzerland
14.83% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 22 (or about 1.63% of the population) who were Islamic. 98 (or about 7.26% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 42 individuals (or about 3.11% of the population) did not answer the question.
# Education.
In Court about 56.8% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 9.1% have completed additional higher education (either university or a "Fachhochschule"). Of the 78 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 50.0% were Swiss men, 35.9% were Swiss women, 9.0% were non-Swiss men.
The Canton of Bern school system provides | 6,136,996 |
2569131 | Court, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Court,%20Switzerland | Court, Switzerland
one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 112 students attending classes in Court. There were 2 kindergarten classes with a total of 31 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 6.5% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 12.9% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had | 6,136,997 |
2569131 | Court, Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Court,%20Switzerland | Court, Switzerland
re permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 12.9% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 4 primary classes and 81 students. Of the primary students, 4.9% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 7.4% have a different mother language than the classroom language.
, there were a total of 101 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 101 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 94 students from Court attended schools outside the municipality. During the same year, 94 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
# External links.
- http://www.court.ch | 6,136,998 |
2569135 | Crémines | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crémines | Crémines
Crémines
Crémines is a municipality in the Jura bernois administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located in the French-speaking Bernese Jura ("Jura Bernois").
# History.
Crémines is first mentioned in 1461 as "Crimene".
The oldest trace of a settlement in the area are several early medieval graves. For much of its history it was owned by the provost of Moutier-Grandval Abbey. During the Middle Ages and into the Early Modern era the Pré de Sales in Crémines was used as the dueling grounds for entire valley. In 1531 the village accepted the new faith of the Protestant Reformation along with the rest of the parish of Grandval. After the 1797 French victory and the | 6,136,999 |
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