wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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4746317 | Parrot Sketch Not Included – 20 Years of Monty Python | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parrot%20Sketch%20Not%20Included%20–%2020%20Years%20of%20Monty%20Python | Parrot Sketch Not Included – 20 Years of Monty Python
had cobbled this thing together and was passing it off, saying it was written by John or whatever. When I read it I thought, 'This is just terrible, we can't do this'. So we arrived and Steve Martin was there at the film studios. We had to turn up to do it and I'm v... | 6,142,000 |
4746317 | Parrot Sketch Not Included – 20 Years of Monty Python | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parrot%20Sketch%20Not%20Included%20–%2020%20Years%20of%20Monty%20Python | Parrot Sketch Not Included – 20 Years of Monty Python
m was advancing rapidly. This would be his last filmed appearance before his death on 4 October 1989, which coincidentally was the day before the 20th anniversary of the broadcast of the first episode of "Monty Python's Flying Circus".
# Cast.
- Graham Chapman
- ... | 6,142,001 |
4746297 | Purple Toupee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Purple%20Toupee | Purple Toupee
Purple Toupee
"Purple Toupee" is a 1988 song by alternative rock duo They Might Be Giants from their second album, "Lincoln". It was released as a promotional single in 1989. In 1994, a live performance of the song was recorded for the promotional live album, "Live!! New York City 10/14/94", which was re... | 6,142,002 |
4746297 | Purple Toupee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Purple%20Toupee | Purple Toupee
Rain" and "Raspberry Beret"—also served as sources of inspiration for "Purple Toupee".
# Promotion.
Bar/None Records promoted "Purple Toupee" by pasting fake labels on 8-track tapes by other artists. The cartridges, disguised as a release from TMBG, were mailed to radio stations, in addition to CDs that... | 6,142,003 |
4746297 | Purple Toupee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Purple%20Toupee | Purple Toupee
as a release for 12" vinyl, CD, and cassette. The following tracks were presented on the band's B-side compilation, "Miscellaneous T":
- 1. "Hey, Mr. DJ, I Thought You Said We Had A Deal"
- 2. "Lady Is a Tramp"
- 3. "Birds Fly"
The songs were also included on a 2013 reissue of "Lincoln" in Australian ... | 6,142,004 |
4746297 | Purple Toupee | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Purple%20Toupee | Purple Toupee
usic, Stewart Mason lauds the song's "infectious tune" and adds that the chorus is "among the duo's most endearing and memorable". Like Christgau, Mason speculates that it carries a baby-boomer theme from the perspective of a confused child of the 1960s. In an Allmusic review of the full album, Stephen Th... | 6,142,005 |
4746327 | National Film Award for Best Anthropological/Ethnographic Film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National%20Film%20Award%20for%20Best%20Anthropological/Ethnographic%20Film | National Film Award for Best Anthropological/Ethnographic Film
National Film Award for Best Anthropological/Ethnographic Film
The National Film Award for Best Anthropological/Ethnographic Film is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the Directorate of Film Festivals, the organisation set up by Ministr... | 6,142,006 |
4746327 | National Film Award for Best Anthropological/Ethnographic Film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National%20Film%20Award%20for%20Best%20Anthropological/Ethnographic%20Film | National Film Award for Best Anthropological/Ethnographic Film
Best Anthropological/Ethnographic Film is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the Directorate of Film Festivals, the organisation set up by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India. It is one of several awards presented for feature ... | 6,142,007 |
4746324 | Yavanajataka | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yavanajataka | Yavanajataka
Yavanajataka
The Yavanajātaka (Sanskrit: "yavana" 'Greek' + "jātaka" 'nativity' = 'nativity according to the Greeks') of Sphujidhvaja is an ancient text in Indian astrology.
According to David Pingree, it is a later versification of an earlier translation into Sanskrit of a Greek text, thought to have be... | 6,142,008 |
4746324 | Yavanajataka | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yavanajataka | Yavanajataka
the recent research by Mak based on a newly discovered manuscript and other documents, Pingree's date interpretation as well as a number of crucial readings such as zero and other bhūtasaṃkhyā were based on his own emendation, not supported by what was written on the manuscripts. Furthermore, traditionally... | 6,142,009 |
4746324 | Yavanajataka | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yavanajataka | Yavanajataka
origin which greatly influenced Indian astrology: the Paulisa Siddhanta ("Doctrine of Paul"), and the Romaka Siddhanta ("Doctrine of the Romans"). However, the earliest known Sanskrit work on horoscopy is Vedanga Jyotisha
It was translated by David Pingree into English, which was published as volume 48 of... | 6,142,010 |
4746324 | Yavanajataka | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yavanajataka | Yavanajataka
made by Yavanasvera in 149 CE (year 71 of the Saka era, which starts in 78 CE). Accordingly, the versification by Sphujidhvaja was made in 269 CE.
The Yavanajataka contains instructions on calculating astrological charts (horoscopes) from the time and place of one's birth. Astrology flourished in the Hell... | 6,142,011 |
4746324 | Yavanajataka | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yavanajataka | Yavanajataka
text, and the nomenclature is clearly taken from the Greek language:
# See also.
- Indo-Greek kingdom
- Paulisa Siddhanta
- Romaka Siddhanta
# References.
- Thomas McEvilley (2002) "The Shape of Ancient Thought", Allworth Press,
- David Pingree (1981) ""Jyotiḥśāstra"", Jan Gonda (ed) "A History of I... | 6,142,012 |
4746324 | Yavanajataka | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yavanajataka | Yavanajataka
opaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures edited by Helaine Selin, Springer,
- Bill M. Mak (2014) The ‘Oldest Indo-Greek Text in Sanskrit’ Revisited: Additional Readings from the Newly Discovered Manuscript of the Yavanajātaka, "Journal of Indian and Buddhist Stud... | 6,142,013 |
4746397 | Question (short story) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Question%20(short%20story) | Question (short story)
Question (short story)
"Question" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov. The story first appeared in the March 1955 issue of "Computers and Automation" (thought to be the first computer magazine), and was reprinted in the April 30, 1957, issue of "Science World". It is... | 6,142,014 |
4746397 | Question (short story) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Question%20(short%20story) | Question (short story)
was very similar to one of his own stories, "Problem for Emmy" ("Startling Stories", June 1952), and wrote to Asimov about it. After searching in his library, Asimov did find the original story and, although he did not recall having read it, admitted that the endings were pretty similar. He then ... | 6,142,015 |
4746397 | Question (short story) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Question%20(short%20story) | Question (short story)
ories", June 1952), and wrote to Asimov about it. After searching in his library, Asimov did find the original story and, although he did not recall having read it, admitted that the endings were pretty similar. He then replied to Townes, apologizing and promising the story would never again be p... | 6,142,016 |
4746363 | The Statue Got Me High | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Statue%20Got%20Me%20High | The Statue Got Me High
The Statue Got Me High
"The Statue Got Me High" is a song by American alternative rock band They Might Be Giants. The song was released as the lead single from the band's 1992 album, "Apollo 18". The song reached number 24 on the "Billboard" Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart. The B-sides "I'm Def" an... | 6,142,017 |
4746363 | The Statue Got Me High | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Statue%20Got%20Me%20High | The Statue Got Me High
dummy lyrics. I think the song was called 'The Apple of My Eye'. When I came up with the line 'the statue got me high', it amused me. It was taking two things and putting them together - not a non sequitur but something sort of interesting and odd about the juxtaposition of those two things. Part... | 6,142,018 |
4746363 | The Statue Got Me High | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Statue%20Got%20Me%20High | The Statue Got Me High
compared the lyrics of the song to the Mozart opera "Don Giovanni", which also features a deadly confrontation with a statue.
Somebody compared the song to the story of Don Giovanni which I was not familiar with. It was kind of wonderful that they came up with that. It made the song more interes... | 6,142,019 |
4746363 | The Statue Got Me High | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Statue%20Got%20Me%20High | The Statue Got Me High
version of the video, which does not show the flames, was also produced, because, according to Flansburgh, flames are not allowed to be shown on British television.
Like "Apollo 18", the single's art largely features photography from the NASA archives.
# Track listing.
- US cassette / European... | 6,142,020 |
4746363 | The Statue Got Me High | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Statue%20Got%20Me%20High | The Statue Got Me High
– 3:06
- 3. "She's Actual Size (album version)" – 2:05
- 4. "I'm Def" – 1:08
- 5. "Which Describes How You're Feeling" (demo) – 1:24
- European 7"
- 2. "The Statue Got Me High" – 3:06
- 3. "She's Actual Size (album version)" – 2:05
# Personnel.
- They Might Be Giants
- John Flansburgh
-... | 6,142,021 |
4746409 | Wren, Mississippi | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wren,%20Mississippi | Wren, Mississippi
Wren, Mississippi
Wren is an unincorporated community in Monroe County, Mississippi.
Wren is sited at between Amory and Okolona. According to the United States Geological Survey, a variant name is "Wrens".
New Wren is located at on U.S. Route 45 (US 45), near its intersection with US 278. | 6,142,022 |
4746339 | Daphne Oxenford | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daphne%20Oxenford | Daphne Oxenford
Daphne Oxenford
Daphne Margaret du Grivel Oxenford (31 October 1919 – 21 December 2012) was an English actress, known for her early stage roles, and later her radio and television work.
She was best known for her role as original character Esther Hayes in "Coronation Street". Other roles included Mrs ... | 6,142,023 |
4746339 | Daphne Oxenford | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daphne%20Oxenford | Daphne Oxenford
chartered accountant Dudley Oxenford and his wife Marie (née du Grivel), a writer of historical fiction, Oxenford first appeared on stage at the age of thirteen and trained at the Embassy School of Acting in Swiss Cottage, North London. She was briefly employed by a bank before working in censorship dur... | 6,142,024 |
4746339 | Daphne Oxenford | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daphne%20Oxenford | Daphne Oxenford
daughter.
# Radio and television.
Her best-known role was the voice – ""Are you sitting comfortably ...?"" – for BBC radio's "Listen with Mother" from 1950 to 1971; she was also a reader on the newspaper review programme "What the Papers Say" for over thirty years.
One of the original cast members of... | 6,142,025 |
4746339 | Daphne Oxenford | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daphne%20Oxenford | Daphne Oxenford
in three episodes of "Man About the House"- Series 4 - Episode 5 (1973–76).
Other TV credits include: "The Sweeney", "The Duchess of Duke Street", "Juliet Bravo", "The Children of Green Knowe", "Doctor Who" (in the serial "Dragonfire" and "The Unicorn and the Wasp") and "Hetty Wainthropp Investigates".... | 6,142,026 |
4746339 | Daphne Oxenford | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daphne%20Oxenford | Daphne Oxenford
s of Duke Street", "Juliet Bravo", "The Children of Green Knowe", "Doctor Who" (in the serial "Dragonfire" and "The Unicorn and the Wasp") and "Hetty Wainthropp Investigates". In 2006, she guest-starred in the audio drama "Sapphire and Steel: Cruel Immortality". She appeared in three episodes of "Midsom... | 6,142,027 |
4746420 | Itilleq | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Itilleq | Itilleq
Itilleq
Itilleq (old spelling: "Itivdleq") is a settlement in the Qeqqata municipality in central-western Greenland. It is located on a small island around 1 km from the mainland, 45 km south of Sisimiut and 2 km north of the Arctic Circle on the shores of Davis Strait. It had 112 inhabitants in 2010.
# Histo... | 6,142,028 |
4746420 | Itilleq | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Itilleq | Itilleq
by the communal all-purpose Pilersuisoq store.
# Transport.
There is no road connection to any other settlement, but that is so for most other settlements in Greenland.
## Air.
The closest aerodrome is Sisimiut Airport in Sisimiut, with connections to Ilulissat, Kangerlussuaq, Maniitsoq, and Nuuk operated b... | 6,142,029 |
4746420 | Itilleq | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Itilleq | Itilleq
.
The closest aerodrome is Sisimiut Airport in Sisimiut, with connections to Ilulissat, Kangerlussuaq, Maniitsoq, and Nuuk operated by Air Greenland. There are no helicopter services to coastal settlements of Davis Strait in the Qeqqata and Sermersooq municipalities.
## Sea.
Royal Arctic Line provides weekly... | 6,142,030 |
4746402 | Maxwell School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maxwell%20School | Maxwell School
Maxwell School
Maxwell School () is an all-boys (and co-ed) secondary school, located north of Kuala Lumpur. The school is believed to be the oldest school in north of Kuala Lumpur as well as one of the oldest in Kuala Lumpur and Malaysia. Both current students and alumnus are known as a Maxwellian. The... | 6,142,031 |
4746402 | Maxwell School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maxwell%20School | Maxwell School
a feeder school (primary school) to the Victoria Institution. By 1933, the school was shut down to the public due to the recession, but was opened as a private school from 1934 to 1938. It was then given to the Trade School for their use.
During the Japanese Occupation, it was used as a camp for the Jap... | 6,142,032 |
4746402 | Maxwell School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maxwell%20School | Maxwell School
Establishment Period
1922 - 1925 Montague B. Brockwell
1925 - 1928 C. N. Beamish
Aug 1928 Harold Ball
1928 - 1930 Agnes R. Cooke
1930 - 1930 M. Wheatley
1930 - 1933 C. W. Bloomfield
1933 - 1938 R. Thampipillay
1939 - 1941 (Closed)
1941 - 1945 (War Period)
1946 - 1953 (Closed)
1953 - 1954 Willi... | 6,142,033 |
4746402 | Maxwell School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maxwell%20School | Maxwell School
- 2010 Datin Zainab Bee Bte. Ismail
2011 - 2014 Radiah Bt. Nordin K.M.W
2014 - Hajah Hanipah binti Endut
/poem
## European Headmistresses.
poem
1922 - 1923 Annie Grenier
1923 - 1924 J. H. Dennett
1924 - 1926 Edith L. Earnshaw
1926 - 1927 D. A. Peck
1927 - 1928 Helen D. Leith
1928 - 1929 Agnes ... | 6,142,034 |
4746402 | Maxwell School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maxwell%20School | Maxwell School
both of which have Moorish architecture. The school was later extended to a block of solid masonry construction with arched openings along the corridors. There is a veranda on both sides of each storey of the main block, high ceilings and broad stairways. The 'H' shape of the main block is locally a dist... | 6,142,035 |
4746402 | Maxwell School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maxwell%20School | Maxwell School
uniformed body, join one of the school's 50 clubs and participate in at least one sport.
# Rivalry.
As like many other older schools, the Maxwell School has rivals. St. John's Institution, is the school's traditional rivals. This rivalry can be observed during visits by Maxwellians to St. John's Instit... | 6,142,036 |
4746402 | Maxwell School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maxwell%20School | Maxwell School
of the prefects uniform done by the school tailor, and not bought from a retail shop. Another one would be of the invitation by the Old Boys' Association of the school to the School Captain to attend the annual Dinner Night of the Association. Furthermore, the uniformed groups uniform is worn on every We... | 6,142,037 |
4746402 | Maxwell School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maxwell%20School | Maxwell School
Azman (national tennis player) and national cricket players.
## House.
There are four sport houses, and every year they compete on sports day. The Maxwell School Sports Day has been held since 1955. The houses are named after the founders of the state. The houses are:
- Thamboosamy (red)
- Swettenham... | 6,142,038 |
4746402 | Maxwell School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maxwell%20School | Maxwell School
teachers and senior students, training, elimination processes, and a several month stint as a 'Temporary Prefect'. The motto for the Maxwell School Prefects Board is "Dedicated Prefects Towards Discipline"
# School crest.
Mr. Donald Priestley designed the school crest in 1954. It is green, yellow, blue... | 6,142,039 |
4746402 | Maxwell School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maxwell%20School | Maxwell School
Burning Tiger. The compass symbolises the school’s status as a modern secondary school, offering technical and vocational subjects at that period of time. The school motto – "Disco Ut Serviam" – is the Latin for I Learn That I May Serve.
# Alumni.
The alumni association of the school is the Maxwell Sch... | 6,142,040 |
4746402 | Maxwell School | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maxwell%20School | Maxwell School
Alumni.
The alumni association of the school is the Maxwell School Old Boys' Association. It was established in 1956, de-registered in 1983 and was registered again on 13 February 1999. The OBA has a newsletter known as 'Berita O'Max', issued quarterly.
# Notable alumni.
- Tan Sri Syed Hamid Albar, Fo... | 6,142,041 |
4746464 | Firefly squid | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Firefly%20squid | Firefly squid
Firefly squid
The firefly squid ("Watasenia scintillans"), also known as the sparkling enope squid, is a species of squid in the family Enoploteuthidae. It is the sole species in the monotypic genus Watasenia.
# Bioluminescence.
The firefly squid is found in the Western Pacific Ocean at depths of 183 t... | 6,142,042 |
4746464 | Firefly squid | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Firefly%20squid | Firefly squid
firefly squid measures about long at maturity and dies after one year of life. It has the standard eight arms and two tentacles, with one pair each having three, bright light-emitting organs at the tips.
The squid spends the day at depths of several hundred metres, returning to the surface when night fal... | 6,142,043 |
4746464 | Firefly squid | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Firefly%20squid | Firefly squid
quid's eggs have been fertilized and laid, it dies, having reached the end of its one-year lifespan. Spawning, which involves large aggregations of the squid, takes place between February and July.
# Commercial use.
This squid is commercially fished in Japan, accounting for an annual catch of 4,804 to 6... | 6,142,044 |
4746430 | Kuranty | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuranty | Kuranty
Kuranty
The Kuranty (occasionally titled "Vesti", "Vedomosti", or "Vestovye pisma") was the first Russian hand-written newspaper, published in the 17th century in Tsardom of Russia. The earliest extant issue is dated 1621.
The "Kuranty" was issued by the Posolsky Prikaz for selected government officials in or... | 6,142,045 |
4746430 | Kuranty | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuranty | Kuranty
n events. Diaks who compiled the newspaper used such sources as German and Dutch newspapers — one of which apparently inspired the newspaper's name — as well as letters of Russians travelling abroad. As foreign newspapers were delivered to Moscow via Riga and Wilna, they were frequently outdated and contained s... | 6,142,046 |
4746480 | Bermuda Militia 1813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bermuda%20Militia%201813 | Bermuda Militia 1813
Bermuda Militia 1813
With the start of the American War of 1812, an Act of 1813 re-organized the Military of Bermuda's nine-company regiment of foot into two battalions. The total strength of the local militia was, by then, nominally 450 men, but, as always, this was, at any moment, effectively re... | 6,142,047 |
4746480 | Bermuda Militia 1813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bermuda%20Militia%201813 | Bermuda Militia 1813
the War's start, on the occasion of an emergency being declared (when strange vessels were spotted lurking offshore), the Colonists responded admirably in full strength, standing watch through the night.
The War Office had begun the War considering the Bermudians to be of dubious loyalty. This was... | 6,142,048 |
4746480 | Bermuda Militia 1813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bermuda%20Militia%201813 | Bermuda Militia 1813
Office was very pleased with the performance and patriotism of the Islanders during the 1812 war, and the Governor was prompted to try to get the Colonial Assembly to en-act a permanent Militia. Throughout the Militia's history, its strength and efficiency had waxed and waned, more with the respons... | 6,142,049 |
4746480 | Bermuda Militia 1813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bermuda%20Militia%201813 | Bermuda Militia 1813
would only agree to provide funds on a temporary basis. After the War ended in 1815, the interest of the general populace also waned, and the Militia's strength dwindled 'til the point it became moribund. The Militia Act of 1813 was allowed to lapse, and no further Militia Act was to be passed, des... | 6,142,050 |
4746480 | Bermuda Militia 1813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bermuda%20Militia%201813 | Bermuda Militia 1813
War of 1812
# Bibliography.
- "Defence, Not Defiance: A History Of The Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps", Jennifer M. Ingham (now Jennifer M. Hind), The Island Press Ltd., Pembroke, Bermuda,
- "Bermuda Forts 1612–1957", Dr. Edward C. Harris, The Bermuda Maritime Museum Press, The Bermuda Maritime M... | 6,142,051 |
4746480 | Bermuda Militia 1813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bermuda%20Militia%201813 | Bermuda Militia 1813
e Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps", Jennifer M. Ingham (now Jennifer M. Hind), The Island Press Ltd., Pembroke, Bermuda,
- "Bermuda Forts 1612–1957", Dr. Edward C. Harris, The Bermuda Maritime Museum Press, The Bermuda Maritime Museum, P.O. Box MA 133, Mangrove Bay, Bermuda MA BX.
- "Bermuda From S... | 6,142,052 |
4746503 | Charles Goodsell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles%20Goodsell | Charles Goodsell
Charles Goodsell
Charles True Goodsell (born July 23, 1932) is Professor Emeritus at Virginia Tech's Center for Public Administration and Policy. He is perhaps best known for his volume "The Case for Bureaucracy", now in its 4th edition.
Goodsell is a co-author of the "Blacksburg Manifesto", written ... | 6,142,053 |
4746503 | Charles Goodsell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles%20Goodsell | Charles Goodsell
College in 1954. Goodsell graduated "magna cum laude" and was awarded the William G. Howard Memorial Prize in political science and the Oakley Prize for highest grade recorded for a college course. After graduating, Goodsell enlisted in the United States Army and served from 1954 to 1956. Goodsell then... | 6,142,054 |
4746503 | Charles Goodsell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles%20Goodsell | Charles Goodsell
In 1978, Charles Goodsell began teaching at Virginia Tech University as a professor of public administration and public affairs and served as director of the university's Center for Public Administration and Policy. Goodsell continued to teach at Virginia Tech University until he retired in 2002, altho... | 6,142,055 |
4746503 | Charles Goodsell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles%20Goodsell | Charles Goodsell
"quality of public service in the United states is vastly underrated". Originally published in 1983, it is Goodsell's best known work. Intended to be a rebuttal to the popular notion of bureaucracy as a callous, oppressive, and dysfunctional machine, it has been the recipient of much praise within the ... | 6,142,056 |
4746503 | Charles Goodsell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles%20Goodsell | Charles Goodsell
ase Control and Prevention, and the Peace Corps, among others.
In "The American statehouse: Interpreting democracy's temples", Goodsell reviews all fifty United States’ capitals and their buildings. He uses three concepts to interpret government architecture in the social sense: the search for politic... | 6,142,057 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
History of live action role-playing games
Live action role-playing games, known as LARPs, are a form of role-playing game in which live players/actors assume roles as specific characters and play out a scenario in-character. Technically, many childhood games may be thought of ... | 6,142,058 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
ideas and expertise. Sometimes such groups were inspired by reports of LARPs elsewhere. Such a multifarious process has led to an extremely diverse range of LARP practices and histories. By the 1980s, LARPs had spread to many countries and organizations, and different styles of... | 6,142,059 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
LARP games date back to pre-history, with well-known games such as "cowboys and Indians," "house," and "doctor" stemming from earlier historical and pre-historical equivalents throughout many other cultures ("Athenians and Spartans", "hunting deer", etc.). Childhood LARPs tend ... | 6,142,060 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
age. Entertainment appears to have been the primary purpose of these activities. However, it appears that historical re-enactment only became a hobby in the 20th century.
Likewise, adults have used live-action role playing as an educational or practice exercise for centuries, ... | 6,142,061 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
from games.
Another early stream of LARP tradition is the improvisational theatre tradition. This goes back in some sense to the Commedia dell'arte tradition of 16th century. Modern improvisational theatre began in the classroom with the "theatre games" of Viola Spolin and Kei... | 6,142,062 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
organization which stages LARP-like adventures for the entertainment of its customers. It's possible that this may have helped to suggest later ideas for commercial LARPs.
In the 1920s, Model League of Nations clubs formed around the United States, creating a style of live-act... | 6,142,063 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
as a game, but the psychodrama tradition probably influenced LARP games as they later developed.
The 1960s saw the creation of fantasy LARPs (as distinct from pure historical re-enactments), which probably originate with the founding of the Society for Creative Anachronism in ... | 6,142,064 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
("Dungeons & Dragons") in 1974, Fantasy LARPs began springing up in many places somewhat independently.
# American history.
American LARPs have no single point of origin, although many of the groups still in operation can claim a lengthy history.
Among the live-combat groups... | 6,142,065 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
described highly realistic, futuristic LARPs.) At about the same time (but before 1981), the Assassins' Guild was created at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to pursue "killer" or "assassin"-style live-combat games with toy guns, but ... | 6,142,066 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
Style LARP began in America at around the same time. In 1981, the Society for Interactive Literature (SIL) was founded by Walter Freitag, Mike Massimilla and Rick Dutton at Harvard University. The club's first public event was in February 1983, at the Boskone science fiction co... | 6,142,067 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
SIL, NERO, and the MIT Assassin's Guild, continues to have an active LARP scene, due to the large number of college campuses present. Other universities along the East Coast have been strong "incubation" sites for northeastern LARPs. Early (pre-internet) campus-based LARPs form... | 6,142,068 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
Mythical Journeys and Chimera Entertainment's nTeraction (now Accelerant), all formed in the 1980s and 1990s by fantasy enthusiasts with a love for character roleplay and adventure, but without large player bases or complex rule systems. Quest is the oldest of these groups, dat... | 6,142,069 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
extensive list: SOLAR (the Southern Organization for Live Action Reenactments), Red Button Productions, and the experimental fantasy LARP Forest of Doors, among others. Many of these LARPs are run out of State Parks like in other areas, most often Hard Labor Creek State Park in... | 6,142,070 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
mid-Atlantic US has been a center for a number of crossover Theatre Style/Adventure Style events or "campaigns," which fall outside the medieval fantasy genre which tends to characterize a majority of Live Combat LARPs. An initial impetus for this was the attempt of various fan... | 6,142,071 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
the Victorian "steampunk" Brassy's Men Campaign. Together this network of current and previous events make up a substantial and innovative body of work which characterizes a vibrant mid-Atlantic US LARP Community. The rise of many campaigns all drawing from the same community h... | 6,142,072 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
moderate attention from the press (even being featured on Blue Peter) and established a large, enthusiastic player-base. When it closed, numerous systems sprang up around the country to replace it.
Many of these systems copied most of the format, rules and setting of the origi... | 6,142,073 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
scope and size of the games - for example, Heroquest (founded in 1986) continues to run adventures lasting from 5 to 11 days and runs several events per month across the UK.
## Weapon design.
LARP weapon design advanced considerably after the innovation in 1986 of latex-coate... | 6,142,074 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
players. This led to a style of LARP known as 'fest' LRP: unlike small games (often less than 50 players) fests often centre around warring factions and huge battles.
The Lorien Trust, formed in 1992, epitomised this principle with its flagship annual event "The Gathering", wh... | 6,142,075 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
games were either 'medieval fantasy' or Vampire, a growing number of new games were experimenting with other genres, from science fiction to wild west to Celts to pirates. Some, such as Shards, deliberately crossed genres and worlds. Others, including Lorien Trust, would allow ... | 6,142,076 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
was some antipathy between Vampire and Fantasy LARPers, although some groups discarded the MET rules and used conventional LARP ideas (such as rubber weapons) instead.
Roleplaying conventions such as Gen Con UK, Dragonmeet and Continuum also became a venue for LARP games, usua... | 6,142,077 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
to the wide variety of games out there. However, none of these magazines got sufficient sales to survive, and the UK LRP community instead turned to emerging internet communities. Initially, these groups concentrated on specific local games until Starburst_(magazine) journalist... | 6,142,078 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
LT's Erdreja campaign. Its principal event, "Renewal", runs on the same weekend as "The Gathering" and is similarly themed, although the battles are mostly PvM rather than PvP. Renewal typically has around 700 players.
A later breakaway in from the LT in 1998 was the Omega LRP... | 6,142,079 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
create the Maelstrom campaign for Profound Decisions Ltd in 2004. This colonialism fantasy game sought to set new standards in player empowerment, and explicitly limited the power of NPCs and plotwriters. It supported a high degree of political, economic, sociological, technolo... | 6,142,080 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
games are continually in development. Variations on combat including guns using Airsoft and NERF weaponry have appeared in a number of games, and there has been a wide expansion in the types of game being run, with games touching on sci-fi, survival horror, and steampunk amongs... | 6,142,081 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
traditions vary greatly in their history and practice, though the now defunct Soviet "Young Pioneers" organisation and the networks between former members seems to have played some role in spreading and coordinating the idea of live role-playing. Much more involvement is usuall... | 6,142,082 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
to witness reports, in 1989 Tolkien fans came to the Borodino reenactment in fantasy costumes, which jumpstarted the movement and led to the first recorded large-scale LARP in Russia, the National Hobbit Games, which ran in August 1990 near river Mana in the vicinity of Krasnoy... | 6,142,083 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
than 3200 official partisipants, but many smaller plays (50-200 participants) are also common.
# Nordic history.
In the early 1980s, the Swedish LARP group Gyllene Hjorten started a LARP campaign that is still ongoing. This is probably the first LARP event in the Nordic coun... | 6,142,084 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
in the Nordic LARPs' skepticism towards game mechanics, a tendency to limit combat and magic - seeing these as "spice" rather than a necessary ingredient in LARP - and an emphasis on immersive environments where anachronisms and out of play elements (off-elements, such as visib... | 6,142,085 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
(some predetermined events are often scheduled). A typical Swedish or Norwegian game lasts 2–5 days and has anywhere from fifty to hundreds of participants. A typical Danish or Finnish game lasts between four hours and a few days. Rules are designed for combat injury simulation... | 6,142,086 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
identity, and in establishing the concept of "Nordic LARP" as a unique approach. A live-roleplaying avant-garde movement, which pursues radical experimentation and the recognition of role-playing as a form of art, has been connected to the Knutepunkt conferences. The scope of t... | 6,142,087 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
has been catalogued is Samhain's Quest II (by Felix Völzmann today known as Maximus Sturm) on April 14, 1995, although Draccon 1 in 1991 is generally held to be the first event of significance. LarpWiki.de has a page on history.
The largest LARP events in Germany currently are... | 6,142,088 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
means that there is little use of non player characters, costumes are the norm, and simple game mechanics are used. The standard conflict-resolution systems are symbolic, usually involving dice and very simplified character proficiency statistics. Special abilities are generall... | 6,142,089 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
has been an increase in LARP activity in other communities, such as Johannesburg.
Large LARP events around Johannesburg known as MEAD happen every 3 months involving hundreds of players.
The Meadal Universe is based on the SOLAR system in America and is growing, having passed... | 6,142,090 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
kingdom of Arnhelm with the rest of the world largely inhabited by non-human races. The first Teana game was scheduled for April 2012.
# New Zealand history.
New Zealand has an established and growing community of LARPers.
An assassin-style LARP was run by KAOS in 1981, and ... | 6,142,091 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
the Aliens Apocalypse event run in 1999 as the culmination of a series of games based around the Aliens movies.
Several long-term campaigns have been and are currently running. Typical genres include vampire, medieval fantasy, science fiction (including popular single-evening ... | 6,142,092 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
a few encourage live combat with foam weapons. Magical and other special effects are usually narrated, but are sometimes symbolised by reading of scrolls, throwing of spell packets, and circles outlined in rope for traps and magical portals. In a few one-off LARPS, significant ... | 6,142,093 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
abilities, and background) will most often be invented by the player themselves. Non-player character costume is sometimes less detailed, but favourite monsters or villains may reappear frequently as they become well loved by the players.
There are LARP communities in all the ... | 6,142,094 |
4746249 | History of live action role-playing games | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History%20of%20live%20action%20role-playing%20games | History of live action role-playing games
LARP communities in all the major cities, especially Auckland and Wellington, and larps regularly feature at New Zealand roleplaying conventions. KapCon in Wellington has hosted large theatre-style games since 2001. There are also now larp-only conventions - Chimera in Auckland... | 6,142,095 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
Simonas Daukantas
Simonas Daukantas (; 28 October 1793 – 6 December 1864) was a Lithuanian/Samogitian historian, writer, and ethnographer. One of the pioneers of the Lithuanian National Revival, he is credited as the author of the first book on the history of Lithuania written in the Lithuanian langu... | 6,142,096 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
noble birth to get university degree and a promotion in his government job. He attended schools in Kretinga and Žemaičių Kalvarija and was noted as an excellent student. Daukantas studied law at the University of Vilnius, though his interest lay in philology and history. After the graduation, he worke... | 6,142,097 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
retired from his job due to poor health and moved back to Samogitia where he lived in Varniai under the care of bishop Motiejus Valančius for a few years. He hoped to publish some of his works with bishop's help, but the bishop prioritized religious work and they began to quarrel. In 1855, Daukantas m... | 6,142,098 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
primer of the Lithuanian language, Catholic prayer book, agricultural manuals for peasants, translations of classical Roman texts, novel for youth inspired by "Robinson Crusoe". However, only a few of these works were published during his lifetime. Of the four studies on history, he managed to publish... | 6,142,099 |
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