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4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
closer to a literary work. His histories are valued not for their scientific content, but for their contribution to the development of the Lithuanian national identity. After the closing of Vilnius University in 1832, Lithuanians did not have a professionally trained historian until 1904 and used Dauk... | 6,142,100 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
in Samogitia. He was the oldest of seven children (two sons and five daughters). With Daukantas' help, his brother Aleksandras later studied medicine at Vilnius University. Baptismal records of the two sons (but not of the daughters) specified that they were children of Lithuanian nobles. There was an... | 6,142,101 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
confiscated from the Sapiehas for their participation in the Uprising of 1831, the family was turned into serfs. However, Eimantas Meilus argued that inventories alone do not prove that the family was not of noble origin as many poorer nobles were equated to peasants and paid quit-rent to wealthier ma... | 6,142,102 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
forester.
Daukantas' education was financed by his uncle, priest Simonas Lopacinskis (died in 1814). Daukantas attended a two-year primary school in Kretinga. When the school was visited by an inspector from Vilnius University in 1808, Daukantas was listed among 16 exemplary second-year students (out... | 6,142,103 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
by Vilnius University and included natural law (textbook by ), classical antiquity, rhetoric, geography, geometry, algebra, physics, natural sciences (textbook by Stanisław Bonifacy Jundziłł), gardening. However, since all teachers were Dominican friars, students had to attend daily masses and go to c... | 6,142,104 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
rubles in his pocket and a bag of clothes on his back traveled on foot from Samogitia to Vilnius to attend . The school year started on 1 September, but Daukantas was registered only on 26 September as a fifth-year student. That school year, the school had 423 students, mostly sons of nobles and offic... | 6,142,105 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
among 14 students who distinguished themselves during this event. He successfully graduated from the gymnasium in early summer 1816.
## University education.
In fall 1816, Daukantas began studies at the Faculty of Literature and Liberal Arts at Vilnius University, then known as the Imperial Universi... | 6,142,106 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
he did not provide required certificates and did not complete a thesis. After another year of studies, Daukantas transferred to the Faculty of Moral and Political Sciences in fall 1818. These studies could secure a more promising career as a judge or a government official. He attended lectures of , wh... | 6,142,107 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
Lithuanian Statutes, Casimir's Code, Lithuanian Chronicles.
On 12 July 1819, Daukantas was granted the Candidate of Law degree in canon and Roman law. To get the diploma, Daukantas needed to provide proof of his noble status. He provided a large parchment, signed by Michał Józef Römer as marshal of t... | 6,142,108 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
received his diploma on 25 January 1821.
He continued his studies and took canon law, Roman civil law, criminal law, land law, political economy, history, logic and metaphysics. From fall 1820, Daukantas stopped attending lectures except for land law. He stopped taking classes in spring 1822. In all ... | 6,142,109 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
of Dmitry of Uglich to theory of taxes and specifics of Russian economy as well as thoughts of Montesquieu and Adam Smith. In July 1822, Daukantas defended his thesis on the power of the head of a family according to the natural, Roman, and land law. He was granted the master's degree in canon and Rom... | 6,142,110 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
of the Filomat and Filaret secret student societies (Daukantas' name was included on a list of potential members, but there is no evidence that he ever joined them). Discovered in May 1823, members of these societies were tried and sentenced for anti-Tsarist activities. Until resolution of the trials,... | 6,142,111 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
the diploma on 30 April 1825.
There is no reliable information on Daukantas' activities while he waited for his diploma. Earlier biographers claimed that he studied at the University of Dorpat, but researchers Vaclovas Biržiška and found no record of Daukantas among Dorpat students. Jonas Šliūpas cla... | 6,142,112 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
Lithuanian National Revival. There a popular legend that he went to the Gate of Dawn and promised to write only in Lithuanian. Already in 1822, he wrote "Darbai senųjų lietuvių ir žemaičių" (Deeds of the Ancient Lithuanians and Samogitians), an 855-page manuscript on the history of Lithuania. While it... | 6,142,113 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
Daukantas searched for a position in a government office. In September 1825, he was issued a passport that allowed him to travel to the Governorates of Livonia and Saint Petersburg. He found a post at the office of the Governor-General of Livonia, Estonia and Courland in Riga. All government officials... | 6,142,114 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
require all nobles to prove their social status. While the law was adopted only in May 1834, it became a lot more difficult to prove one's noble birth. Daukantas and his brother Aleksandras, then a student at Vilnius University, had to resubmit all documents proving their genealogy to a special commis... | 6,142,115 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
In 1833, he received two awards of 75 and 110 rubles for excellent work. We was interested in the history of Lithuania, but could not get access to the archives of Riga magistrate. After the promotion, he decided to change his position and move to Saint Petersburg. He applied for a job at the first (a... | 6,142,116 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
Empire, including Vilna and Kovno. Daukantas was attracted to this position because the office used Lithuanian Metrica, a collection of the 14–18th century legal documents of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He became an assistant of Franciszek Malewski. His annual salary was 286 rubles with additional 5... | 6,142,117 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
which were generally awarded after 12 and 15 years of employment.
In February 1841, Daukantas' brother Aleksandras was implicated in an anti-Tsarist organization established by Szymon Konarski. After an interrogation, he attempted suicide and was brought to a hospital in Kherson. He died in the hospi... | 6,142,118 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
name, though some researchers suggested that he also did that to create an impression that there were many Lithuanian writers. Even when sending a copy of "Būdas senovės lietuvių, kalnėnų ir žemaičių" to Teodor Narbutt, Daukantas described the work as if written by an unknown person.
## Collaboration... | 6,142,119 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
to Saint Petersburg. Daukantas is often crediting for inspiring Motiejus Valančius, future Bishop of Samogitia, to write his works in Lithuanian. The small Samogitian circle was ruined when and Valančius returned to Lithuania in 1844–1845. However, Daukantas and Valančius continued to correspond and c... | 6,142,120 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
his sources more frequently as Valančius mentioned a total of 19 Samogitian cities and towns that had received royal privileges.
Teodor Narbutt, author of the nine-volume "History of Lithuania", began corresponding with Daukantas in March 1842. They exchanged books and materials. In total, Narbutt wr... | 6,142,121 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
Lithuanian documents separately from Polish historians who began publishing "Sources for the History of Poland" ("Źródła do dziejów Polski"). Daukantas sent to Narbutt about 800 copies of various documents made during the years by himself or by Onacewicz, including a copy of "Die Littauischen Wegeberi... | 6,142,122 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
text. Narbutt harbored plans to publish the Bychowiec Chronicle as the first volume of a series of primary source publications, but Daukantas lost his patience after receiving only promises of ever grander plans. Their collaboration broke down in 1844. Narbutt never published or returned the documents... | 6,142,123 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
complained of poor health which he attributed to long hours spent in cold and damp archives of the Russian Senate. He complained that he had difficulty walking, but dismissed doctors' diagnosis of podagra. In summer 1850, he requested a three-month vacation to improve his health. In September, he obta... | 6,142,124 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
of his old friend Motiejus Valančius as Bishop of Samogitia in March 1850. Daukantas lived in Varniai where Valnčius resided and which was becoming a cultural center in Samogitia. He received a salary of 200 rubles from Valančius and worked on his historical studies that he hoped to publish with Valan... | 6,142,125 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
works.
In summer 1855, Daukantas moved from Varniai. Historians usually cite the conflict between Daukantas and Valančius as the reason for the move, but ill health and fear of police persecution probably also contributed. Due to the Crimean War, Russian police became more vigilant and they came acro... | 6,142,126 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
of the book appeared. The book was one of the first books added to a list of prohibited books compiled in October 1855.
Daukantas moved to () in present-day Latvia to live with Petras Smuglevičius, a medical doctor and a relative of painter Franciszek Smuglewicz. Smuglevičius was accused of belonging... | 6,142,127 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
in hopes of obtaining books by Ludwig Rhesa and Daniel Klein and copies of historical sources from Johannes Voigt. He compiled a collection of historical documents, privileges from 1387–1561 that he had inherited from , and made one last attempt to collect the document he loaned to Teodor Narbutt. Dau... | 6,142,128 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
manuscripts ready to be published (two booklets with agricultural advice, Lithuanian reworking of "Robinson Crusoe", and a second edition of a Lithuanian primer), but they all remained unpublished due to lack of funds.
Around summer 1859, Daukantas left Jaunsvirlauka and briefly lived with various fr... | 6,142,129 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
were arrested, imprisoned, or exiled to Siberia. Vaišvila was arrested, but released. Daukantas died on 6 December 1864 and was buried on the summit of the Papilė hill fort without much ceremony. Vaišvila put a simple engraved stone on the grave; twenty years later, he replaced it with an engraved led... | 6,142,130 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
his research, Daukantas was hindered by inaccessibility of sources, lack of funds, absent institutional support (i.e. no government institution or university to assist him). It was a lonely, costly, and frustrating undertaking. Book publishing was an expensive undertaking. For example, Daukantas had t... | 6,142,131 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
The work starts with the 7th century BC and ends with the death of King Jogaila (Władysław II Jagiełło) in 1434. The work was discovered in 1919 and first published in 1929. The work was dedicated not to historians or learned men, but to Lithuanian mothers who taught their children and told them deeds... | 6,142,132 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
II Augustus in 1572. "Istorija žemaitiška" under the title "Lietuvos istorija" (History of Lithuania) was published in two volumes in 1893 and 1897 in the United States. In 1850, Daukantas reworked it as "Pasakojimas apie veikalus lietuvių tautos senovėje" (Story of the Deeds of the Ancient Lithuanian... | 6,142,133 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
was the only manuscript that Daukantas signed in his real name (though he also used pen name Jonas Einoras).
His third historical book was "Būdas senovės lietuvių, kalnėnų ir žemaičių" (The Character of the Ancient Lithuanians, Highlanders, and Samogitians). He created the word "kalnėnai" (highlander... | 6,142,134 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
Polish in "Rocznik Literacki" in 1850 and to German in "Mitteilungen der Litauischen literarischen Gesellschaft" in 1885. The content was arranged not chronologically as in other works but thematically with chapters covering subjects such as religion, customs, commerce, geography. The short chapter on... | 6,142,135 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
first to clearly distinguish a nation from a state. He believed that a nation is defined by its language and customs, not statehood. His histories were not about a territory that no longer existed (and that was mourned by Adam Mickiewicz), but about the living nation. As long as Lithuanian language an... | 6,142,136 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
that was further pursued by the Lithuanian National Revival and led to the formation of the independent Lithuania in 1918. He further held liberal ideas that people were born with inalienable rights and that there was a social contract between a nation and the state. He thought that peasants and other... | 6,142,137 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
are wild forest and battle scenes. Daukantas painted an idealized image of ancient Lithuanians who embodied stoic values and lived peacefully in their vast forests until the nobility adopted foreign customs, became lazy, and started exploiting the common folk. This depiction echoed ideas of Jean-Jacqu... | 6,142,138 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
of Lithuanians, and falsification and distortions of Lithuania's history. Poland brought economic decline and moral decay to Lithuania – the opposite of the common Polish claim that they "civilized" the pagan barbarians. Such strong anti-Polish sentiment was a radical and daring development among Lith... | 6,142,139 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
among Lithuanian activists.
Daukantas idealized and idolized the past. Virgil Krapauskas asserted that Daukantas' letters to Narbutt showed Daukantas to be a better scholar than his works – in the letters Daukantas emphasized the need for better methods of collecting, publishing and analyzing primary... | 6,142,140 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
he elaborated on the theory that Lithuanians were descendants of Herules that he took from Albert Wijuk Kojałowicz (though he rejected the legend about Roman Palemonids), praised ancient democracy of Prussian king Widewuto, and used a loose translation of the short story "Żiwila" by Adam Mickiewicz. B... | 6,142,141 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
his contemporaries.
### Sources cited.
Overall, Daukantas' historical works were mostly influenced by the two-volume "Historiae Lituanae" by Albert Wijuk Kojałowicz (published in 1650 and 1669) from which he borrowed the structure, content, rhetorical and stylistic elements. He also borrowed poetic ... | 6,142,142 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
German historians. There was a shift in references used: von Kotzebue (18 references) fell out of favor and was replaced by Johannes Voigt (75 references) while Hlebowicz was not cited at all. At times, he went beyond citing sources and outright plagiarized works by Kojałowicz, Kotzebue, Voigt. Daukan... | 6,142,143 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
kalnėnų ir žemaičių", Daukantas cited a few documents from the Lithuanian Metrica, but perhaps was afraid to cite it more often as it could have attracted unwanted attention from the Tsarist authorities that he was using his access to the Metrica for non-work related purposes (the Metrica was carefull... | 6,142,144 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
some classical historians such as Tacitus or Ptolemy, he avoided citing Polish historians who supported the union between Poland and Lithuania and considered Lithuania to be just a region of Poland. In particular, he disliked and barely cited Jan Długosz. Overall, Daukantas was an erudite and well-rea... | 6,142,145 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
first published in 1620. Therefore, Daukantas was not the only Lithuanian to start a new Polish–Lithuanian dictionary. Mikalojus Akelaitis, Laurynas Ivinskis, Dionizas Poška, Simonas Stanevičius, Kiprijonas Nezabitauskis, and others are known to have started compiling a dictionary but their works were... | 6,142,146 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
is an equal of other languages, but neglected practical aspects of the dictionaries.
Sometime in 1838–1846, Daukantas worked on a Polish–Lithuanian dictionary that possibly contained about 23,000 words. Only a fragment with 2,244 words has been preserved. The Polish list of words was borrowed from a ... | 6,142,147 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
equivalents. For the base list of Polish words, Daukantas used the Polish–French dictionary by published in 1847. The manuscript of the last dictionary was transferred by Daukantas' relatives to the Lithuanian Scientific Society in 1911. There it was studied by Kazimieras Būga who picked out Lithuania... | 6,142,148 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
entering school. Therefore, in 1837, he published a 120-page grammar book on Latin. It started with a basic introduction to the Lithuanian grammar on which then Latin grammar rules were built on. Thus, at the same time, it was one of the first textbooks of Lithuanian grammar. In 1838, Daukantas publis... | 6,142,149 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
the Latin list of words, but translated it from a Polish edition.
In 1841, Tsarist authorities, looking to weaken the Polish culture, allowed Samogitian Diocese to establish parish schools that could teach Lithuanian language. In 1842, Daukantas published 1,500 copies of "Abėcėlė lietuvių, kalnėnų ir... | 6,142,150 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
crude and vulgar and had to be manually scratched out. However, it was not popular. In a letter to Motiejus Valančius, Daukantas bitterly complained that less than 400 copies were sold in two years. In 1849, Daukantas prepared a second edition of the primer that removed the non-religious texts, but th... | 6,142,151 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
translated in 1824) and a translation of biographies from "De viris illustribus" by Cornelius Nepos, both in 1846. He published the fables with hopes of awakening an interest in Lithuanian folk tales. He twice translated and reworked "Robinson der Jüngere" by Joachim Heinrich Campe (inspired by "Robin... | 6,142,152 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
the Couronian colonization of the Americas, but otherwise remained faithful to Campe's text. He also translated a work by the Roman historian Justin.
## Other works.
Daukantas was passionate about the Lithuanian language and its purity. He was concerned that religious books, by far the most popular ... | 6,142,153 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
bishop . The manuscript received the approval from the diocese only in 1847, but for some unknown reason was not published.
Daukantas was the first to collect examples of all genres (songs, proverbs, fairy-tales, etc.) of Lithuanian folklore. He added Lithuanian proverbs to several of his works, but ... | 6,142,154 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
songs collected by Daukantas are preserved, mostly at the Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania. In 1846, he published a collection of 118 songs and 190 proverbs. Daukantas edited the songs freely, sometimes merging two songs together. It was a popular book, only a few copies survive in Lith... | 6,142,155 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
the common villagers, write down samples of folklore, and send them to Daukantas. This way, the songs were collected by about 40 different people. His collection of folklore was published in two volumes in 1983–1984.
In 1847, Daukantas began translating and publishing booklets with agricultural advic... | 6,142,156 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
in 1801 and 1820. In 1849, Daukantas published three booklets – on fruit trees by , on tree seeds, and on fire prevention (it was first published in Lithuanian in 1802). The last book on fodder grasses was published in 1854. Daukantas had two more texts translated from Russian and Polish, but they wer... | 6,142,157 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
marginalized and pushed out out of the public life by Polish and Russian. Language's practical use (ease of understanding, clear meaning, convenience) was of little importance. In the early works, Daukantas wrote in the heavy Samogitian dialect (dounininkai sub-dialect) using plentiful diacritics and ... | 6,142,158 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
extremely varied and inconsistent, even in the same manuscript, as he experimented wanting to eliminate features of Polish and to include features of Prussian Lithuania orthography.
Daukantas had to create numerous neologisms. The three volume Polish–Lithuanian dictionary contained about 3,800 neolog... | 6,142,159 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
(chronology), "rūdarbis" (tailor). He did not consider Latvian to be a foreign language and often borrowed its words, for example "asinas" from Latvian "asins" for blood, "muižė" from Latvian "muiža" for manor. One of such borrowed words, "valstybė" for state or polity, became a standard Lithuanian wo... | 6,142,160 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
started publishing multi-part biography of Daukantas and raised the idea of publishing his works. Two historical studies by Daukantas were first published in "Vienybė lietuvninkų" and later in separate books by Lithuanian Americans in the 1890s. Daukantas' life and work were studied by , who presented... | 6,142,161 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
while he was alive and create his portrait. The resulting portrait, though of low artistic quality, was published in United States in an album compiled by Antanas Milukas.
In 1901, Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas discovered the only known contemporary portrait, painted around 1850. Based on this portrait, Pe... | 6,142,162 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
In 1924, Lithuanian teachers began raising funds for a monument to Daukantas. A bronze sculpture was designed by Vincas Grybas and erected in Papilė in 1930. Since that time, Daukantas life and works were subjects of numerous academic studies. Two volumes of his selected works were published in 1955 f... | 6,142,163 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
Municipality turned the former clergy house in Papilė where Daukantas spent his last years into a memorial museum. From 1993 to the introduction of the euro in 2015, Daukantas was featured on 100 litas banknotes. A monument by sculptor Regimantas Midvikis in his native Lenkimai was unveiled in 1993. T... | 6,142,164 |
4746042 | Simonas Daukantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simonas%20Daukantas | Simonas Daukantas
ve Lenkimai was unveiled in 1993. The Simonas Daukantas Award was established in 1989 for accomplishments in historical studies, literary work, or other cultural work. Awarded every two years, it is administered by the Skuodas District Municipality since 2003. Its past recipients included historians V... | 6,142,165 |
4746509 | SK Dynamo České Budějovice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SK%20Dynamo%20České%20Budějovice | SK Dynamo České Budějovice
SK Dynamo České Budějovice
SK Dynamo České Budějovice is a football club from České Budějovice, Czech Republic. They currently play in the Czech National Football League, the second tier of football in the Czech Republic. The current chairman and a share holder of the club is the former SK Č... | 6,142,166 |
4746509 | SK Dynamo České Budějovice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SK%20Dynamo%20České%20Budějovice | SK Dynamo České Budějovice
on each occasion.
In 2002 České Budějovice celebrated promotion to the Czech First League, announcing a project to reconstruct their stadium in line with league requirements. The club celebrated its centenary in 2005 but were relegated from the top flight, vowing to return to the Czech First... | 6,142,167 |
4746509 | SK Dynamo České Budějovice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SK%20Dynamo%20České%20Budějovice | SK Dynamo České Budějovice
České Budějovice have had an agreement where SK Strakonice 1908 operates as its farm team.
# Historical names.
- 1899 – SK České Budějovice (Sportovní kroužek České Budějovice)
- 1903 – SK Slavia České Budějovice (Sportovní klub Slavia České Budějovice)
- 1905 – SK České Budějovice (Sport... | 6,142,168 |
4746509 | SK Dynamo České Budějovice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SK%20Dynamo%20České%20Budějovice | SK Dynamo České Budějovice
SK Dynamo České Budějovice (Sportovní klub Dynamo České Budějovice)
- 1992 – SK České Budějovice JČE (Sportovní klub České Budějovice Jihočeská energetická, a.s.)
- 1999 – SK České Budějovice (Sportovní klub České Budějovice, a.s.)
- 2004 – SK Dynamo České Budějovice (Sportovní klub Dynamo... | 6,142,169 |
4746509 | SK Dynamo České Budějovice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SK%20Dynamo%20České%20Budějovice | SK Dynamo České Budějovice
Dejmal (2000 – March 01)
- Milan Bokša (March 2001–02)
- Pavel Tobiáš (March 2002 – Oct 04)
- Robert Žák (Oct 2004 – March 05)
- František Cipro (April 2005 – Aug 07)
- František Straka (July 2007 – June 08)
- Jan Kmoch (June 2008 – Aug 08)
- Pavel Tobiáš (July 2008 – Aug 10)
- Jarosl... | 6,142,170 |
4746509 | SK Dynamo České Budějovice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SK%20Dynamo%20České%20Budějovice | SK Dynamo České Budějovice
2 of the football league system: 12
- Seasons spent at Level 3 of the football league system: 0
- Seasons spent at Level 4 of the football league system: 0
# Honours.
- Czech 2. Liga (second tier)
# Club records.
## Czech First League records.
- Best position: 6th (1993–94, 1996–97)
-... | 6,142,171 |
4746509 | SK Dynamo České Budějovice | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SK%20Dynamo%20České%20Budějovice | SK Dynamo České Budějovice
l league system: 12
- Seasons spent at Level 3 of the football league system: 0
- Seasons spent at Level 4 of the football league system: 0
# Honours.
- Czech 2. Liga (second tier)
# Club records.
## Czech First League records.
- Best position: 6th (1993–94, 1996–97)
- Worst position:... | 6,142,172 |
4746507 | Business process mapping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Business%20process%20mapping | Business process mapping
Business process mapping
Business process mapping refers to activities involved in defining what a business entity does, who is responsible, to what standard a business process should be completed, and how the success of a business process can be determined.
The main purpose behind business p... | 6,142,173 |
4746507 | Business process mapping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Business%20process%20mapping | Business process mapping
are aligned with the company's values and capabilities.
International Organization for Standardization or ISO 9001 : 2015 encourages a process approach to quality management. It is important to understand how each process relates to other processes within the organization and how those interac... | 6,142,174 |
4746507 | Business process mapping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Business%20process%20mapping | Business process mapping
Allan H. Mogensen began training business people by using these tools of industrial engineering at his Work Simplification Conferences in Lake Placid, New York. A 1944 graduate of Mogensen's class, Art Spinanger, took the tools back to Procter and Gamble where he developed their work simplifica... | 6,142,175 |
4746507 | Business process mapping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Business%20process%20mapping | Business process mapping
the ASME Standard for Process Charts.
Business process mapping, also known as process charts, has become much more prevalent and understood in the business world in recent years. Process maps can be used in every section of life or business.
The Major Steps of Process Improvement using Proces... | 6,142,176 |
4746507 | Business process mapping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Business%20process%20mapping | Business process mapping
- eliminate unnecessary work, combine steps, rearrange steps, add new steps where necessary
- 6. Manage process - maintain process map in library, review routinely, and monitor process for changes
Process mapping is capable of supporting several important business goals:
- Business process i... | 6,142,177 |
4746507 | Business process mapping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Business%20process%20mapping | Business process mapping
descriptions of processes can be useful. These include: detailed flow-charts, work flow diagrams and value stream maps. Each map is helpful depending on the process questions and theories being considered. In these situations process map implies the use of process flow and the current understan... | 6,142,178 |
4746507 | Business process mapping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Business%20process%20mapping | Business process mapping
one or two steps. A level 4 flowchart represents the most amount of detail, and can include hundreds of steps. At this level every task, however minor, is represented.
## Primary example.
Flowchart is a primary type of business process mapping. It consists of some symbols such as arrows, circ... | 6,142,179 |
4746507 | Business process mapping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Business%20process%20mapping | Business process mapping
the appointment is fleet, inform patient they can call 1500 to make own appointments for next few days, if the appointment is shore, confirm 24 hours prior to appointment. Next confirm that the patient confirmed. If a patient did not call, the appointment is canceled, otherwise the patient is g... | 6,142,180 |
4746507 | Business process mapping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Business%20process%20mapping | Business process mapping
first understand that making breakfast is a process. The ingredients are the inputs and the final breakfast ready to be served is the output. This graph shows the breakdown of each process vertically and horizontally. For instance, cooking ingredients is broken down into all of the different ta... | 6,142,181 |
4746507 | Business process mapping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Business%20process%20mapping | Business process mapping
with a better understanding for more efficiency.
Although this is just a simple example, many aspects of business, including supply chain, operations, marketing, finance, and accounting, use similar process mapping activities to improve efficiency.
# See also.
- Business Model Canvas
- Busi... | 6,142,182 |
4746507 | Business process mapping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Business%20process%20mapping | Business process mapping
(1924), "The Quest of the One Best Way", Purdue University, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Papers.
- Deming, W.E., (1982), "Out of the Crisis", Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
- Juran, J.M., (1988), "Juran on Planning for Quality", Free Press, New York, NY
- Sanders, Ross and Coleman, (199... | 6,142,183 |
4746507 | Business process mapping | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Business%20process%20mapping | Business process mapping
p. 555 - 561.
- Biazzo, S., (2000) "Approaches to business process analysis: a review", Business Process Management Journal, Vol. 6 Issue: 2, pp. 99-112
- Sousa, G.W.L., R.L., (2002), "Applying an enterprise engineering approach to engineering work: a focus on business process modelling", Eng... | 6,142,184 |
4746460 | Celluloid Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celluloid%20Records | Celluloid Records
Celluloid Records
Celluloid Records, a French/American record label, founded by Jean Georgakarakos (sometimes shortened to Jean Karakos) operated from 1976 to 1989 in New York City, and produced a series of eclectic and ground-breaking releases, particularly in the early to late 1980s, largely under ... | 6,142,185 |
4746460 | Celluloid Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celluloid%20Records | Celluloid Records
Shepp, Don Cherry Magma and Gong material.
# Early releases.
Celluloid began by releasing American no-wave and French avant-garde pop by artists such as Métal Urbain (who were signed to London's Rough Trade Records in the UK), Mathematiques Modernes, James Chance and Alan Vega. It also licensed trac... | 6,142,186 |
4746460 | Celluloid Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celluloid%20Records | Celluloid Records
debut) was released with both Celluloid and Ze logos on the sleeve.
# Expansion.
Thanks to the guidance and participation of now rising producer, Bill Laswell, the 1982 catalogue had expanded to encompass early hip-hop artists such as B-Side, Fab 5 Freddy, Grandmixer D. St., Phase II -all recorded a... | 6,142,187 |
4746460 | Celluloid Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celluloid%20Records | Celluloid Records
"John Shirley's Obsession", featuring guitarist Sync66 (Chris Cunningham) and Bassist Jerry Antonias (a.k.a. Jerry Agony) both of whom also played with James Chance (a.k.a. James White). By 1983 the label released KONK Party by New York-based No Wave and Afro Punk group Konk
Increasingly sought out t... | 6,142,188 |
4746460 | Celluloid Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celluloid%20Records | Celluloid Records
Archie Shepp, Brian Eno, Bernard Fowler and Tony Thompson of Chic). Karakos next persuaded Laswell to helm the production suite for Celluloid recordings by African artists such as Toure Kunda, Mandingo and Manu Dibango. At the same time he was asked to remix Fela Kuti's "Army Arrangement" for Celluloi... | 6,142,189 |
4746460 | Celluloid Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celluloid%20Records | Celluloid Records
Fontaine"), Karakos also started a number of associated labels. OAO Records released much of Material's early output as well as albums by the aforementioned Golden Palominos and Cuban percussionist Daniel Ponce. Moving Target catered for the niche post-rock/reggae market, releasing material by Sly and... | 6,142,190 |
4746460 | Celluloid Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celluloid%20Records | Celluloid Records
Decline.
By 1986, increasing demands on Laswell's time (including work on major label albums by Yoko Ono, Mick Jagger, Motörhead and PiL) meant that his work for Celluloid became more sporadic, though he did produce "Horses & Trees" for Ginger Baker (whom Laswell had tracked down in Italy and persuad... | 6,142,191 |
4746460 | Celluloid Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celluloid%20Records | Celluloid Records
and "Welcome To Dreamland", a compilation of Japanese pop overseen by Fred Frith. African music also featured heavily in Celluloid's mid to late eighties output: Kassav, Toure Kunda, Fela Kuti, and Mahlathini and the Mahotella Queens all released albums through the label. Karakos also kept up his inte... | 6,142,192 |
4746460 | Celluloid Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celluloid%20Records | Celluloid Records
of business and aftermath.
In 1989, Karakos having returned to Paris, produced in partnership with film director, Olivier Lorsac, the zouk/Brazilian music influenced, Kaoma band which consisted of ex-Celluloid recording artists from Toure Kunda and the main group to musically represent the repertoire... | 6,142,193 |
4746460 | Celluloid Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celluloid%20Records | Celluloid Records
John Matarazzo for a symbolic dollar. Matarazzo was to repay Celluloid's debt to French Bank Societe Generale, which had mortgaged the whole recording, publishing and branding catalog. As he failed to do so, Societe Generale got back its rights over the catalog and sold it all back to Karakos and his ... | 6,142,194 |
4746460 | Celluloid Records | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Celluloid%20Records | Celluloid Records
nch of Celluloid continued to license music for compilations on other labels, notably MauMau and Charly, while releases were sporadic at best, and largely aimed at the French market.
Charly Records had a licence contract that was ongoing until 2005 and despite the confusion, much of Celluloid's outpu... | 6,142,195 |
4746506 | Martin Mobberley | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin%20Mobberley | Martin Mobberley
Martin Mobberley
Martin P. Mobberley (born 1958) is a British amateur astronomer, author, and former electronics engineer.
He takes images of many cosmological objects, including comets, planets, novae, supernovae and asteroids from his observatory in Suffolk, England. He has written eight major astr... | 6,142,196 |
4746506 | Martin Mobberley | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin%20Mobberley | Martin Mobberley
(2010). Mobberley has written three children's 'Space' books: "Space Navigator"; "Space Sticker book"; "Space: Answers to Questions About Voyage and Discovery". These small books were published by Top That! Publishing. Mobberley's ninth Springer book, entitled "It Came from Outer Space, Wearing an RAF ... | 6,142,197 |
4746506 | Martin Mobberley | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin%20Mobberley | Martin Mobberley
the subject of the imminent Apollo 11 Moon landing at age 11. He has written over 100 articles in various BAA publications as well as dozens more in the association's journal, "The Astronomer" magazine, "Astronomy Now", "Sky & Telescope", and the BBC "The Sky at Night" magazine. In 1997 the Internation... | 6,142,198 |
4746506 | Martin Mobberley | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin%20Mobberley | Martin Mobberley
known for his humorous and politically incorrect astronomy talks, which number well over 200. On 18 December 2003 he discovered a nova in the Andromeda Galaxy (Messier 31).
Mobberley filmed a three-hour interview with the prolific astronomical discoverer George Alcock in 1991, the only complete video ... | 6,142,199 |
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