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43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
on December 23, 2017, the State Department announced that the United States would provide Ukraine with "enhanced defensive capabilities".
## Sixth and final Senate term.
McCain chaired the January 5, 2017, hearing of the Senate Armed Services Committee where Republican and Democratic senators and intellig... | 8,200 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
Trump's controversial arms deal with Saudi Arabia.
Repeal and replacement of Obamacare (the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act) was a centerpiece of McCain's 2016 re-election campaign, and in July 2017 he said, "Have no doubt: Congress must replace Obamacare, which has hit Arizonans with some of th... | 8,201 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
failure while in government custody, McCain said that "this is only the latest example of Communist China's assault on human rights, democracy, and freedom."
In September 2017, as the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar became ethnic cleansing of the Rohingya Muslim minority, McCain announced moves to scrap planned... | 8,202 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
change."
### Brain tumor diagnosis and surgery.
On July 14, 2017, McCain underwent a minimally invasive craniotomy at Mayo Clinic Hospital in Phoenix, Arizona, in order to remove a blood clot above his left eye. His absence prompted Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell to delay a vote on the Better Care... | 8,203 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
including melanoma.
President Trump made a public statement wishing Senator McCain well, as did many others, including former President Obama. On July 19, McCain's senatorial office issued a statement that he "appreciates the outpouring of support he has received over the last few days. He is in good spiri... | 8,204 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
than two weeks after brain surgery. He cast a deciding vote allowing the Senate to begin consideration of bills to replace the Affordable Care Act. Along with that vote, he delivered a speech criticizing the party-line voting process used by the Republicans, as well as by the Democrats in passing the Afford... | 8,205 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
On April 15, 2018, he underwent surgery for an infection relating to diverticulitis and the following day was reported to be in stable condition.
## Committee assignments.
- Committee on Armed Services (Chair)
- as chair of the full committee may serve as an ex-officio member of any subcommittee
- Commi... | 8,206 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
and Public Lands Caucus
- Senate Ukraine Caucus
- Republican Main Street Partnership.
# Death and funeral.
On August 24, 2018, McCain's family announced that he would no longer receive treatment for his cancer. He died the following day at 4:28 p.m. MST (11:28 p.m. UTC), with his wife and family beside ... | 8,207 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
Washington National Cathedral on September 1. He was a "lifelong Episcopalian" who attended, but did not join, a Southern Baptist church for at least 17 years; memorial services were scheduled in both denominations. Prior to his death, McCain requested that former Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama ... | 8,208 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
Secretary of Defense William Cohen, actor Warren Beatty, and Russian dissident Vladimir Vladimirovich Kara-Murza.
Multiple foreign leaders attended McCain's service: Secretary General of NATO Jens Stoltenberg, President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko, Speaker of Taiwan's Congress Su Jia-chyuan, National Defen... | 8,209 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
Bush, Henry Kissinger, Joe Lieberman, and his daughter Meghan McCain. The New Yorker magazine hailed the service as the biggest resistance meeting of the Trump era.
Many American political figures paid tribute at the funeral. Those who attended included former United States Presidents Obama, Bush, Clinton,... | 8,210 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
Mattis, Bob Dole, Madeleine Albright, John Kerry, Mitch McConnell, Paul Ryan, Nancy Pelosi, Chuck Schumer, Mitt Romney, Lindsey Graham, Jeff Flake, Elizabeth Warren, Jon Huntsman. Ivanka Trump and Jared Kushner attended to the displeasure of Meghan McCain. Journalists Carl Bernstein, Tom Brokaw, and Charlie... | 8,211 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
McCain's classmates. After the chapel service, McCain was buried at the United States Naval Academy Cemetery, next to his Naval Academy classmate and lifelong friend Admiral Charles R. Larson.
Many celebrities paid tribute to the late Senator on Twitter. Those included, Tom Hanks who tweeted "Duty. Honor. ... | 8,212 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
of McCain's term, which ends in January 2023 and thus appointed the then former Arizona U.S. Senator Jon Kyl to fill the vacancy. Under Arizona law, the appointed replacement must be of the same party as McCain, a Republican. Newspaper speculation about potential appointees has included McCain's widow Cindy... | 8,213 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
former Presidents – Jimmy Carter, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama – and former Vice President Joe Biden, as well as Vice President Mike Pence and President Richard Nixon's daughters Tricia Nixon Cox and Julie Nixon Eisenhower. French President Emmanuel Macron, Taiwanese Preside... | 8,214 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
Angela Merkel and foreign minister Heiko Maas, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Afghanistan chief executive Abdullah Abdullah, Pakistani foreign minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi, the 14th Dalai Lama, and former Vietnamese ambassador to Washington Nguyễn Quốc Cường... | 8,215 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
sad. I would like to send condolences to his family." In a TV interview, Senator Lindsey Graham said McCain's last words to him were "I love you, I have not been cheated." His daughter, Meghan McCain, shared her grief, stating that she was present at the moment he died.
At the 70th Primetime Emmy Awards, M... | 8,216 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
good friend of "SNL" creator Lorne Michaels, who produced that year's Emmy Awards ceremony.
Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY) announced that he would introduce a resolution to rename the Russell Senate Office Building after McCain. A quarter peal of Grandsire Caters in memory of McCain was rung b... | 8,217 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
a tweet that extended condolences to McCain's family. In addition, the flag at the White House, which had been lowered to half-staff the day of McCain's death (August 25), was raised back to full-staff at 12:01 a.m. on August 27. Trump reportedly felt that media coverage of McCain's death was excessive give... | 8,218 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
public backlash from the American Legion and AMVETS, Trump relented and ordered the White House flag back to half-staff later in the day on August 27. Trump belatedly issued a statement praising McCain's service to the country, and he signed a proclamation ordering flags to be flown at half-staff until McCa... | 8,219 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
funeral because he was not a former president. McCain's lying in state was approved by the Senate, while Trump did approve the transport for McCain's body. Trump also described himself as having "got the job done" on the Veterans Choice Act while claiming McCain failed on the same issue. However, McCain was... | 8,220 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
positions.
Various advocacy groups have given McCain scores or grades as to how well his votes align with the positions of each group. The American Conservative Union awarded McCain a lifetime rating of 82 percent through 2015, while McCain registered an average lifetime 12 percent "Liberal Quotient" from ... | 8,221 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
in three policy areas: economic, social, and foreign. For 2005–2006 (as reported in the 2008 "Almanac of American Politics"), McCain's average ratings were as follows: economic policy: 59 percent conservative and 41 percent liberal; social policy: 54 percent conservative and 38 percent liberal; and foreign ... | 8,222 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
"conservative" but not "a conservative", meaning that while McCain usually tended towards conservative positions, he was not "anchored by the philosophical tenets of modern American conservatism". Following his 2008 presidential election loss, McCain began adopting more orthodox conservative views; the maga... | 8,223 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
such votes more than half the time in 2013 and was "censured by the Arizona Republican party for a so-called 'liberal' voting record".
From the late 1990s until 2008, McCain was a board member of Project Vote Smart which was set up by Richard Kimball, his 1986 Senate opponent. The project provides non-part... | 8,224 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
surrounding the end of his first marriage and beginning of second, his maverick political persona, his temper, his admitted problem of occasional ill-considered remarks, and his close ties to his children from both his marriages.
McCain's political appeal was more nonpartisan and less ideological compared ... | 8,225 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
about him. McCain's shift of political stances and attitudes during and especially after the 2008 presidential campaign, including his self-repudiation of the maverick label, left many writers expressing sadness and wondering what had happened to the McCain they thought they had known. By 2013, some aspects... | 8,226 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
lion in winter."
In his own estimation, McCain was straightforward and direct, but impatient. His other traits included a penchant for lucky charms, a fondness for hiking, and a sense of humor that sometimes backfired spectacularly, as when he made a joke in 1998 about the Clintons that was widely deemed n... | 8,227 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
his own Senate staff were more cordial, and inspired loyalty towards him. He formed a strong bond with two senators, Joe Lieberman and Lindsey Graham, over hawkish foreign policy and overseas travel, and they became dubbed the "Three Amigos".
McCain acknowledged having said intemperate things in years past... | 8,228 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
the years. Lieberman made this observation: "It is not the kind of anger that is a loss of control. He is a very controlled person." Senator Thad Cochran, who knew McCain for decades and had battled him over earmarks, expressed concern about a McCain presidency: "He is erratic. He is hotheaded. He loses his... | 8,229 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
on good terms with him, and he defended them against some of the negative consequences of his high-profile political lifestyle. His family's military tradition extends to the latest generation: son John Sidney IV ("Jack") graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 2009, becoming the fourth generation John S. ... | 8,230 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
"The View" as a co-host. Senator McCain himself also appeared as a guest on the program.
McCain appeared in several television shows and films while he was a sitting senator. He made uncredited cameo appearances in "Wedding Crashers" and "24" and had two uncredited cameos in "Parks and Recreation". McCain ... | 8,231 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
their work towards campaign finance reform. The following year, the same pair shared the Paul H. Douglas Award for Ethics in Government. In 2005, The Eisenhower Institute awarded McCain the Eisenhower Leadership Prize. The prize recognizes individuals whose lifetime accomplishments reflect Dwight D. Eisenho... | 8,232 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
of the Year Award; it is given internationally to someone who has "created, inspired or strongly influenced important policy or legislation". In 2010, President Mikheil Saakashvili of Georgia awarded McCain the Order of National Hero, an award never previously given to a non-Georgian. In 2015, the Kiev Patr... | 8,233 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
"Urdhër i Lirisë" (Order of Freedom) medal for his contribution to the freedom and independence of Kosovo, and its partnership with the U.S. McCain also received the Liberty Medal from the National Constitution Center in 2017. In the spring of 2018 McCain was decorated with the Grand Cordon of the Order of ... | 8,234 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
of Southern California (DHL May 2004), Northwestern University (LL.D June 17, 2005), Liberty University (2006), The New School (2006), and the Royal Military College of Canada (D.MSc June 27, 2013). He was also made an Honorary Patron of the University Philosophical Society at Trinity College Dublin in 2005... | 8,235 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
"Why Courage Matters: The Way to a Braver Life" by John McCain, Mark Salter (Random House, April 2004)
- "Character Is Destiny: Inspiring Stories Every Young Person Should Know and Every Adult Should Remember" by John McCain, Mark Salter (Random House, October 2005)
- "Hard Call: Great Decisions and the E... | 8,236 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
the POW's Fought Back", by John S. McCain III, Lieut. Commander, U.S. Navy, "U.S. News & World Report", May 14, 1973 (reprinted for web under different title in 2008). Reprinted in "Reporting Vietnam, Part Two: American Journalism 1969–1975" (The Library of America, 1998)
- "The Code of Conduct and the Vie... | 8,237 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
Prisoner" by Tom Philpott (W. W. Norton, 2001)
- Foreword by John McCain to "The Best and the Brightest" by David Halberstam (Random House, 2001 edition)
- Foreword by John S. McCain to "Unfinished Business: Afghanistan, the Middle East and Beyond – Defusing the Dangers That Threaten America's Security" b... | 8,238 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
to "Pearl Harbor, the Day of Infamy, an Illustrated History" by Dan van der Vat (Black Walnut Books, 2007)
- "An Enduring Peace Built on Freedom: Securing America's Future" by John McCain "Foreign Affairs", November/December 2007
# See also.
- Electoral history of John McCain
- List of United States Sen... | 8,239 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
Serving His Country" (Millbrook Press, Brookfield, Connecticut 2000). .
- Hubbell, John G. "P.O.W.: A Definitive History of the American Prisoner-Of-War Experience in Vietnam, 1964–1973" (Reader's Digest Press, New York 1976). .
- Karaagac, John. "John McCain: An Essay in Military and Political History" (... | 8,240 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
Schecter, Cliff. "The Real McCain: Why Conservatives Don't Trust Him and Why Independents Shouldn't" (PoliPoint Press, Sausalito, California 2008). .
- Timberg, Robert. "John McCain: An American Odyssey" (Touchstone Books, New York 1999). . Chapter 1 available online.
- Timberg, Robert. "The Nightingale's... | 8,241 |
43715 | John McCain | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John%20McCain | John McCain
tives Don't Trust Him and Why Independents Shouldn't" (PoliPoint Press, Sausalito, California 2008). .
- Timberg, Robert. "John McCain: An American Odyssey" (Touchstone Books, New York 1999). . Chapter 1 available online.
- Timberg, Robert. "The Nightingale's Song" (Simon & Schuster, New York 1996). . Cha... | 8,242 |
343175 | SOB | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SOB | SOB
SOB
Sob is a verb meaning cry.
Sob and SoB may refer to:
- Souls on Board (sometimes POB for People on Board), used in Aviation communication
- Seventeen or Bust, a distributed computing project
- Special Operations Battalion (SOB), an elite unit of the Croatian army
- Society of Old Brooklynites
- Son of a ... | 8,243 |
343175 | SOB | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SOB | SOB
day (as opposed to EOB)
# Biomedicine.
- Shortness of breath or Dyspnea, a medical symptom relating to breathing difficulties
- "Sobralia", a genus of orchids
- Super Optimal Broth, a bacterial growth media
# Music and media.
- "S.O.B." (film), a 1981 film by Blake Edwards
- "The Sob", a 1953 Turkish film
-... | 8,244 |
343175 | SOB | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SOB | SOB
an American vocal and instrumental ensemble
- SOB's, Sounds of Brazil, a live music venue in New York City
- Souls on Board, an Australian indie rock band
- Styles of Beyond, an underground rap group
- "Switched-On Bach", an album by Walter Carlos
- "S.O.B.s", an episode of the television series "Arrested Deve... | 8,245 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
Galerius
Galerius (; ; "circa" 250 – April or May 311) was Roman emperor from 305 to 311. During his reign, he campaigned, aided by Diocletian, against the Sassanid Empire, sacking their capital Ctesiphon in 299. He also campaigned across the Danube against the Carpi, defeating them in 297 and 300. Although h... | 8,246 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
and funeral place. His father was a Thracian and his mother Romula was a Dacian woman, who left Dacia because of the Carpians' attacks. He originally followed his father's occupation, that of a herdsman, where he got his surname of Armentarius (Latin: "armentum", herd).
He served with distinction as a soldier... | 8,247 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
command of the legions on the eastern imperial limits. Soon after his appointment, Galerius was dispatched to Egypt to fight the rebellious cities Busiris and Coptos.
# War with Persia.
## Invasion, counterinvasion.
In 294, Narseh, a son of Shapur I, who had been passed over for the Sassanid succession, cam... | 8,248 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
warlike reigns of Ardashir (r. 226–41) and Shapur (r. 241–72), who had sacked Roman Antioch and captured Emperor Valerian.
In 295 or 296, Narseh declared war on Rome. He appears to have first invaded western Armenia, retaking the lands delivered to Tiridates in the peace of 287. He occupied the lands there un... | 8,249 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
that Saracen princes in the Syrian desert collaborated with Narseh's invasion. Narseh then moved south into Roman Mesopotamia, where he inflicted a severe defeat on Galerius, then commander of the eastern forces, in the region between Carrhae (Harran, Turkey) and Callinicum (Raqqa, Syria). Diocletian may or ma... | 8,250 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
due to the failings of the empire's soldiers, but due to the failings of their commander, and Galerius' failures would not be accepted. Galerius' position at the head of the caravan possibly was merely the conventional organization of an imperial progression, designed to show a Caesar's deference to his August... | 8,251 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
force, to Narseh's disadvantage; the rugged Armenian terrain was favorable to Roman infantry, but not to Sassanid cavalry. Local aid gave Galerius the advantage of surprise over the Persian forces, and, in two successive battles, Galerius secured victories over Narseh.
During the second encounter, the Battle ... | 8,252 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
(Nusaybin) before 1 October 298. He moved down the Tigris, taking Ctesiphon, and gazing onwards to the ruins of Babylon before returning to Roman territory via the Euphrates. No source ever specifically claims that Ctesiphon was sacked, but it is assumed to have been, primarily due to the seizure of Narseh's w... | 8,253 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
family of Darius III. Peace negotiations began in the spring of 299, with both Diocletian and Galerius presiding. Their "magister memoriae" (secretary) Sicorius Probus was sent to Narseh to present terms.
The conditions of the Peace of Nisibis were heavy: Persia would give up territory to Rome, making the Tig... | 8,254 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
and Armenia: Ingilene, Sophanene (Sophene), Arzanene (Aghdznik), Corduene, and Zabdicene (near modern Hakkâri, Turkey). These regions included the passage of the Tigris through the Anti-Taurus range; the Bitlis pass, the quickest southerly route into Persian Armenia; and access to the Tur Abdin plateau. With t... | 8,255 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
warfare on so many fronts, it has been taken as a sign of the essential efficacy of the Diocletianic system and the goodwill of the army towards the tetrarchic enterprise.
# Rule as Augustus.
After the elevation of Constantius I and Galerius to the rank of "Augustus", two new Caesars were required to take th... | 8,256 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
of Egypt and Syria. Second was Severus, Galerius' comrade in arms; he was sent to Milan to receive the possession of Italy and Africa. According to the forms of the constitution, Severus acknowledged the supremacy of the western emperor, but he was absolutely devoted to the commands of his benefactor Galerius,... | 8,257 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
informed him of his father's death, modestly asserted his natural claim to the succession, and respectfully lamented that the enthusiastic violence of his troops had not allowed him to obtain the imperial purple in the regular and constitutional manner. The first emotions of Galerius were those of surprise, di... | 8,258 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
– and knew that Constantius' legions were wildly devoted to his son. Therefore, without either condemning or ratifying the choice of the Roman army, Galerius accepted the son of his deceased colleague as the ruler of the provinces beyond the Alps; but he gave him only the title of Caesar, and the fourth rank a... | 8,259 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
property of his subjects for the purpose of a general taxation. A very minute survey was taken of their real estates and, wherever there was the slightest suspicion of concealment, torture was used to obtain a sincere declaration of their personal wealth. Italy had traditionally been exempt from any form of ta... | 8,260 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
the full confidence that, by his unexpected arrival, he would easily suppress the rebellion. Severus was captured after his troops deserted to their old commander Maximian, who had once again been elevated to the rank of co-emperor, this time by his son Maxentius. Severus was later executed.
The importance of... | 8,261 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
control in Italy was confined to the narrow limits of his camp.
Seeing that he was facing ever-greater difficulties, Galerius made the first advances towards reconciliation, and dispatched two officers to tempt the Romans by the offer of a conference, and the declaration of his paternal regard for Maxentius, ... | 8,262 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
to his soldiers had corrupted the fidelity of the Illyrian legions. When Galerius finally began his withdrawal from Italy, it was only with great difficulty that he managed to stop his veterans deserting him.
In frustration, Galerius allowed his legions to ravage the countryside as they passed northwards. Max... | 8,263 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
Licinius, who had been entrusted by Galerius with the defense of the Danube while Galerius was in Italy, would become Augustus in the West, with Constantine as his Caesar. In the East, Galerius remained Augustus and Maximinus remained his Caesar. Maximian was to retire, and Maxentius was declared a usurper.
G... | 8,264 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
the opposition of interest, and the memory of a recent war, divided the empire into two great hostile powers, their mutual fears and the fading authority of Galerius produced an apparent tranquility in the imperial government.
The last years of Galerius saw him relinquishing his aspirations towards being the ... | 8,265 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
of the rule of Diocletian. The persecutions that began with an edict of February 24, 303, were credited by Christians to Galerius' work, as he was a fierce advocate of the old ways and old gods. Christian houses of assembly were destroyed, for fear of sedition in secret gatherings.
Diocletian was not anti-Chr... | 8,266 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
at the insistence of Galerius that the last edicts of persecution against the Christians were published, beginning on February 24, 303, and this policy of repression was maintained by him until the appearance of the general edict of toleration, issued from Nicomedia in April 311, apparently during his last bou... | 8,267 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
they ought to pray to their God for our safety, for that of the republic, and for their own, that the republic may continue uninjured on every side, and that they may be able to live securely in their homes." Lactantius gives the text of the edict in his moralized chronicle of the bad ends to which all the per... | 8,268 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
cancer, gangrene or Fournier gangrene.
Galerius was buried in his mausoleum at Gamzigrad-Romuliana, which was part of the palace he built at his birthplace, today's Zaječar in Serbia. Several lumps composed of corroded iron ring mail (lorica hamata) have been found at the site. This mail armour may have been ... | 8,269 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
not the Roman, but the Dacian Empire, much to the horror of the patricians and senators. He exhibited anti-Roman attitude as soon as he had attained the highest power, treating the Roman citizens with ruthless cruelty, like the conquerors treated the conquered, all in the name of the same treatment that the vi... | 8,270 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
Lactantius. "De Mortibus Persecutorum" ("On the Deaths of the Persecutors").
- "XII Panegyrici Latini" ("Twelve Latin Panegyrics").
- Zosimus. "Historia Nova" ("New History").
## Modern sources.
- Banchich, Thomas M. "Iulianus (c. 286–293 AD)." "De Imperatoribus Romanis" (1997). Accessed March 8, 2008.
- ... | 8,271 |
74631 | Galerius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galerius | Galerius
by Hubert Cancik and Helmut Schneider, 429–38. Leiden: Brill, 2002.
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- Brown, Peter. "The Rise of Western Christendom". Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003.... | 8,272 |
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by Noel Lenski, 35–58. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Hardcover Paperback
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D 180–395". New York: Routledge, 2005. Hardcover Paperback
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343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
Dendritic spine
A dendritic spine (or spine) is a small membranous protrusion from a neuron's dendrite that typically receives input from a single axon at the synapse. Dendritic spines serve as a storage site for synaptic strength and help transmit electrical signals to the neuron's cell body. Most spi... | 8,277 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
spines are small with spine head volumes ranging 0.01 µm to 0.8 µm. Spines with strong synaptic contacts typically have a large spine head, which connects to the dendrite via a membranous neck. The most notable classes of spine shape are "thin", "stubby", "mushroom", and "branched". Electron microscopy ... | 8,278 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
to dendritic spines is not sufficient to predict the presence of a synapse, as demonstrated by the Lichtman lab in 2015.
Spines are found on the dendrites of most principal neurons in the brain, including the pyramidal neurons of the neocortex, the medium spiny neurons of the striatum, and the Purkinje... | 8,279 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
of dendritic spines is particularly important in their synaptic plasticity; without a dynamic cytoskeleton, spines would be unable to rapidly change their volumes or shapes in responses to stimuli. These changes in shape might affect the electrical properties of the spine. The cytoskeleton of dendritic ... | 8,280 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
Rac, RhoA, and CDC42, rapidly modify this cytoskeleton. Overactive Rac1 results in consistently smaller dendritic spines.
In addition to their electrophysiological activity and their receptor-mediated activity, spines appear to be vesicularly active and may even translate proteins. Stacked discs of the... | 8,281 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
activity in the spine itself, not just in the dendrite.
# Physiology.
## Receptor activity.
Dendritic spines express glutamate receptors (e.g. AMPA receptor and NMDA receptor) on their surface. The TrkB receptor for BDNF is also expressed on the spine surface, and is believed to play a role in spine ... | 8,282 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
tethered by calcium-dependent cadherin, which forms cell-to-cell adherent junctions between two neurons.
Glutamate receptors (GluRs) are localized to the postsynaptic density, and are anchored by cytoskeletal elements to the membrane. They are positioned directly above their signalling machinery, which... | 8,283 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
effects without nearby signallers.
Signalling from GluRs is mediated by the presence of an abundance of proteins, especially kinases, that are localized to the postsynaptic density. These include calcium-dependent calmodulin, CaMKII (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II), PKC (Protein Kinase C), PKA ... | 8,284 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
length and width of the spine neck has a large effect on the degree of compartmentalization, with thin spines being the most biochemically isolated spines.
## Plasticity.
Dendritic spines are very "plastic", that is, spines change significantly in shape, volume, and number in small time courses. Becau... | 8,285 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
spines are the most stable.
Spine maintenance and plasticity is activity-dependent and activity-independent. BDNF partially determines spine levels, and low levels of AMPA receptor activity is necessary to maintain spine survival, and synaptic activity involving NMDA receptors encourages spine growth. ... | 8,286 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
spines (or the enlargement of pre-existing spines) to reinforce a particular neural pathway. Because dendritic spines are plastic structures whose lifespan is influenced by input activity, spine dynamics may play an important role in the maintenance of memory over a lifetime.
Age-dependent changes in t... | 8,287 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
reflecting varying critical periods for specific brain regions. In adulthood, however, most spines remain persistent, and the half-life of spines increases. This stabilization occurs due to a developmentally regulated slow-down of spine elimination, a process which may underlie the stabilization of memo... | 8,288 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
of relevant synaptic connections that store meaningful information in order to allow for learning. On the other hand, synaptic connections may be formed in excess, and experience and activity may lead to the pruning of extraneous synaptic connections.
In lab animals of all ages, environmental enrichmen... | 8,289 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
a crucial role of synaptic structural plasticity in memory formation. In addition, changes in spine stability and strengthening occur rapidly and have been observed within hours after training.
Conversely, while enrichment and training are related to increases in spine formation and stability, long-ter... | 8,290 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
been shown to increase the stability of new spines.
Research in neurological diseases and injuries shed further light on the nature and importance of spine turnover. After stroke, a marked increase in structural plasticity occurs near the trauma site, and a five- to eightfold increase from control rate... | 8,291 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
and the nucleus accumbens. Because significant changes in spine density occur in various brain diseases, this suggests a balanced state of spine dynamics in normal circumstances, which may be susceptible to disequilibrium under varying pathological conditions.
There is also some evidence for loss of de... | 8,292 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
importance remains debatable. For instance, studies estimate that only a small portion of spines formed during training actually contribute to lifelong learning. In addition, the formation of new spines may not significantly contribute to the connectivity of the brain, and spine formation may not bear a... | 8,293 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
techniques along with increased use of two-photon glutamate uncaging have led to a wealth of new discoveries; we now suspect that there are voltage-dependent sodium, potassium, and calcium channels in the spine heads.
Cable theory provides the theoretical framework behind the most "simple" method for m... | 8,294 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
a new cable theory for which the distribution of spines is treated as a continuum. In this representation, spine head voltage is the local spatial average of membrane potential in adjacent spines. The formulation maintains the feature that there is no direct electrical coupling between neighboring spine... | 8,295 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
approximation and instead uses a passive dendrite coupled to excitable spines at discrete points. Membrane dynamics in the spines are modelled using integrate and fire processes. The spike events are modelled in a discrete fashion with the wave form conventionally represented as a rectangular function.
... | 8,296 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
experiments (two-photon microscopy) and from compartmental modelling indicates that spines with high resistance necks experience larger calcium transients during synaptic activity.
# Development.
Dendritic spines can develop directly from dendritic shafts or from dendritic filopodia. During synaptogen... | 8,297 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
that protrude from spiny dendrites. In the development of certain filopodia into spines, filopodia recruit presynaptic contact to the dendrite, which encourages the production of spines to handle specialized postsynaptic contact with the presynaptic protrusions.
Spines, however, require maturation afte... | 8,298 |
343169 | Dendritic spine | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dendritic%20spine | Dendritic spine
their maturity. The ratio of matured to immature spines is important in their signaling, as immature spines have impaired synaptic signaling. Fragile X syndrome is characterized by an overabundance of immature spines that have multiple filopodia in cortical dendrites.
# History.
Dendritic spines were ... | 8,299 |
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