wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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343367 | List of cities and towns of Hungary | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20and%20towns%20of%20Hungary | List of cities and towns of Hungary
were:
- 1. Budapest (the capital of Hungary): 880,371
- 2. Szeged: 118,328
- 3. Szabadka (now located in Serbia): 94,610
- 4. Debreczen: 92,729
- 5. Zágráb (then located in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, today in Croatia): 79,038
- 6. Pozsony (now located in Slovakia): 78,223
- 7. Temesvár (now located in Romania): 72,555
- 8. Kecskemét: 66,834
- 9. Arad (now located in Romania): 63,166
- 10. Hódmező Vásárhely: 62,445
Out of Hungary's ten largest cities in 1910, five are now located outside of Hungary as a result of post-World War I border changes.
# See also.
- Regions of Hungary
- Counties of Hungary
- Districts of Hungary (from 2013)
- Subregions of Hungary (until 2013)
- | 9,600 |
343367 | List of cities and towns of Hungary | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20and%20towns%20of%20Hungary | List of cities and towns of Hungary
ed in Slovakia): 78,223
- 7. Temesvár (now located in Romania): 72,555
- 8. Kecskemét: 66,834
- 9. Arad (now located in Romania): 63,166
- 10. Hódmező Vásárhely: 62,445
Out of Hungary's ten largest cities in 1910, five are now located outside of Hungary as a result of post-World War I border changes.
# See also.
- Regions of Hungary
- Counties of Hungary
- Districts of Hungary (from 2013)
- Subregions of Hungary (until 2013)
- Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary (until 1918)
- Counties of the Kingdom of Hungary
- Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Hungary (1941–44)
- NUTS:HU
# External links.
- Subdivisions of Hungary
- Gazetteer of Hungary (HCSO 2008) | 9,601 |
343366 | List of cities and towns in Georgia (country) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20and%20towns%20in%20Georgia%20(country) | List of cities and towns in Georgia (country)
List of cities and towns in Georgia (country)
The following list of Georgian cities is divided into three separate lists for Georgia itself, and the disputed territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Although not recognized by most countries, Abkhazia and South Ossetia are de facto independent since, respectively, 1992 and 1991 and occupied by Russia since 2008 Russo-Georgian War.
# Cities and towns in Georgia.
This is a list of the cities and towns (Georgian: ქალაქი, "k'alak'i") in Georgia, according to the 2014 census data of the Department of Statistics of Georgia. The list does not include the smaller urban-type settlements categorized in Georgia as "daba" (დაბა). The list also does not | 9,602 |
343366 | List of cities and towns in Georgia (country) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20and%20towns%20in%20Georgia%20(country) | List of cities and towns in Georgia (country)
include cities and towns in the disputed territories of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
# Cities and towns in Abkhazia.
This is a list of the largest cities and towns in Abkhazia. Data for 1989 is official data from the Department of Statistics of Georgia, data for 2010 are unofficial estimates of the World Gazetteer.
# Cities and towns in South Ossetia.
This is a list of the largest cities and towns in South Ossetia. Data for 1989 is official data from the Department of Statistics of Georgia, data for 2010 are unofficial estimates of the World Gazetteer.
# Future cities and towns.
The intent to construct Lazica, a new city on Georgia's Black Sea littoral, was unveiled by President of Georgia | 9,603 |
343366 | List of cities and towns in Georgia (country) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20and%20towns%20in%20Georgia%20(country) | List of cities and towns in Georgia (country)
ies and towns in Abkhazia. Data for 1989 is official data from the Department of Statistics of Georgia, data for 2010 are unofficial estimates of the World Gazetteer.
# Cities and towns in South Ossetia.
This is a list of the largest cities and towns in South Ossetia. Data for 1989 is official data from the Department of Statistics of Georgia, data for 2010 are unofficial estimates of the World Gazetteer.
# Future cities and towns.
The intent to construct Lazica, a new city on Georgia's Black Sea littoral, was unveiled by President of Georgia Mikheil Saakashvili on December 4, 2011. The construction was scheduled to be launched in 2012.
# See also.
- Administrative divisions of Georgia | 9,604 |
343372 | List of cities in Ecuador | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Ecuador | List of cities in Ecuador
List of cities in Ecuador
This is a list of cities in Ecuador.
# List.
## Alphabetical.
- Ambato
- Arajuno
- Babahoyo
- Bahía de Caráquez
- Baños de Agua Santa
- Cuenca
- Durán
- Esmeraldas
- Guaranda
- Guayaquil
- Ibarra
- La Libertad
- Latacunga
- Loja
- Macas
- Machala
- Manta
- Milagro
- Nueva Loja
- Portoviejo
- Piñas
- Pintag
- Quevedo
- Quito (capital)
- Riobamba
- Santo Domingo de los Colorados
- Salinas
- Shell Mera
- Tulcán
# See also.
- Cantons of Ecuador
- Provinces of Ecuador
- List of cities by country | 9,605 |
343377 | List of cities in Madagascar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Madagascar | List of cities in Madagascar
List of cities in Madagascar
This is a list of major cities in Madagascar with population (1993 census and 2013 estimate), region, and former province. These are listed in order of their 2013 population. Note that these are the populations of the cities themselves (i.e. administrative districts, except in the case of Ambovombe) and exclude the populations of suburban communes outside the cities; some of the communes adjacent to Antananarivo have more than 100,000 population themselves.
# Smaller cities and towns.
This is an alphabetically-ordered list of smaller cities and towns in Madagascar with population (1993 census and 2001 estimate), region, and province.
# See also.
- List of cities | 9,606 |
343377 | List of cities in Madagascar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Madagascar | List of cities in Madagascar
ovince. These are listed in order of their 2013 population. Note that these are the populations of the cities themselves (i.e. administrative districts, except in the case of Ambovombe) and exclude the populations of suburban communes outside the cities; some of the communes adjacent to Antananarivo have more than 100,000 population themselves.
# Smaller cities and towns.
This is an alphabetically-ordered list of smaller cities and towns in Madagascar with population (1993 census and 2001 estimate), region, and province.
# See also.
- List of cities in East Africa
# References.
- Décret n° 95-381 du 26 mai 1995 portant classement des Communes en Communes urbaines ou en Communes rurales | 9,607 |
343379 | List of cities and towns in Moldova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20and%20towns%20in%20Moldova | List of cities and towns in Moldova
List of cities and towns in Moldova
There are 66 cities and towns in Moldova.
# Alphabetical list.
## A.
- Anenii Noi
## B.
- Basarabeasca
- Bălți
- Biruința
- Briceni
- Bucovăț
## C.
- Cahul
- Camenca
- Cantemir
- Căinari
- Călărași
- Căușeni
- Ceadîr-Lunga
- Chișinău
- Cimișlia
- Codru
- Comrat
- Cornești
- Costești
- Crasnoe
- Cricova
- Criuleni
- Cupcini
## D.
- Dnestrovsc
- Dondușeni
- Drochia
- Dubăsari
- Durlești
## E.
- Edineț
## F.
- Fălești
- Florești
- Frunză
## G.
- Ghindești
- Glodeni
- Grigoriopol
## H.
- Hîncești
## I.
- Ialoveni
- Iargara
## L.
- Leova
- Lipcani
## M.
- Maiac
- Mărculești
## N.
- Nisporeni
## O.
- Ocnița
- | 9,608 |
343379 | List of cities and towns in Moldova | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20and%20towns%20in%20Moldova | List of cities and towns in Moldova
# O.
- Ocnița
- Orhei
- Otaci
## R.
- Rezina
- Rîbnița
- Rîșcani
## S.
- Sîngera
- Sîngerei
- Slobozia
- Soroca
- Strășeni
## Ș.
- Șoldănești
- Ștefan Vodă
## T.
- Taraclia
- Telenești
- Tighina (Bender)
- Tiraspol
- Tiraspolul Nou
- Tvardița
## U.
- Ungheni
## V.
- Vadul lui Vodă
- Vatra
- Vulcănești
# By status.
There are 5 localities with municipality status: Bălți, Chișinău, Comrat, Bender (Tighina), and Tiraspol. The other 61 have city status.
# By location.
"For the distribution of cities and towns by district, see List of localities in Moldova."
# By population.
# References.
- 2004 Moldovan Census
- 2004 Census in Transnistria
- citypopulation.de | 9,609 |
343381 | List of cities in Mongolia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Mongolia | List of cities in Mongolia
List of cities in Mongolia
This is a list of cities in Mongolia.
The following table includes cities of more than 7,500 inhabitants. The results are from the census of January 5, 2000 as well as from a population estimation for the end of 2008. If 2008 year data was not accessible, the closest and most reliable data was used and noted by an index.
The population for previous years show the historical significance of population growth and urbanisation throughout Mongolia.
# Population data.
The higher level administrative unit is the aimag, except for Ulaanbaatar which administrates its own federal district (Nalaikh and Baganuur are administrated by Ulaanbaatar. The numbers of inhabitants | 9,610 |
343381 | List of cities in Mongolia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Mongolia | List of cities in Mongolia
ganuur are administrated by Ulaanbaatar. The numbers of inhabitants relate to the cities proper without surrounding districts.)
Colour key:
- Salmon cells indicate that the population has declined or experienced minimal (1%) growth.
- Light green cells indicate a growth between 1-2%.
- Dark Green cells indicate a growth of greater than or equal to 2%.
Notes:
# See also.
- History of Mongolia
- List of historical cities and towns of Mongolia
- List of city listings by country
# External links.
- National Statistical Office of Mongolia
- Ministry of Health of Mongolia. National Center for Health Development. Health Indicators 2006
- City Population - Historical population figures. | 9,611 |
343359 | Tiananmen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiananmen | Tiananmen
Tiananmen
The Tian'anmen (also Tiananmen or Tienanmen) (), or the Gate of Heavenly Peace, is a monumental gate in the centre of Beijing, widely used as a national symbol of China. First built during the Ming dynasty in 1420, Tiananmen was the entrance to the Imperial City, within which the Forbidden City was located. Tiananmen is located to the north of Tiananmen Square, separated from the plaza by Chang'an Avenue.
# Name.
The Chinese name of the gate (/), is made up of the Chinese characters for "heaven," "peace" and "gate" respectively, which is why the name is conventionally translated as "Gate of Heavenly Peace". However, this translation is somewhat misleading, since the Chinese name | 9,612 |
343359 | Tiananmen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiananmen | Tiananmen
is derived from the much longer phrase "receiving the mandate from heaven, and pacifying the dynasty." (). The Manchu translation, "Abkai elhe obure duka", lies closer to the original meaning of the gate and can be literally translated as the "Gate of Heavenly Peacemaking." The gate had a counterpart in the northern end of the imperial city called Di'anmen (, Dì'ānmén; Manchu: "Na i elhe obure duka"), which may be roughly translated as the "Gate of Earthly Peace."
# Gate.
## History.
The gate was originally named Chengtianmen (), or "Gate of Accepting Heavenly Mandate", and it has been destroyed and rebuilt several times. The original building was first constructed in 1420 and was based on | 9,613 |
343359 | Tiananmen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiananmen | Tiananmen
a gate of an imperial building in Nanjing with the same name and hence inherited the name "Chengtianmen". The gate was damaged by lightning in July, 1457, and was completely burnt down. In 1465, the Chenghua Emperor of the Ming dynasty ordered Zi Gui (), the Minister of Works, to rebuild the gate, and the design was changed from the original paifang form to the gatehouse that is seen today. It suffered another blow in the war at the end of the Ming dynasty, when in 1644 the gate was burnt down by rebels led by Li Zicheng. Following the establishment of the Qing dynasty and the Manchu conquest of China proper, the gate was once again rebuilt, beginning in 1645, and was given its present name | 9,614 |
343359 | Tiananmen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiananmen | Tiananmen
upon completion in 1651. The gate was reconstructed again between 1969 and 1970. The gate as it stood was by then 300 years old, and had badly deteriorated, partly due to heavy usage in the 1950s and 1960s. As the gate was a national symbol, Zhou Enlai ordered that the rebuilding was to be kept secret. The whole gate was covered in scaffolding, and the project was officially called a "renovation". The rebuilding aimed to leave the gate's external appearance unchanged while making it more resistant to earthquakes and featuring modern facilities such as an elevator, water supply and heating system.
## Description.
The building is long, wide and high. Like other official buildings of the empire, | 9,615 |
343359 | Tiananmen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiananmen | Tiananmen
the gate has unique imperial roof decorations.
In front of the gate are two lions standing in front of the gate and two more guarding the bridges. In Chinese culture, lions are believed to protect humans from evil spirits.
Two stone columns, called huabiao, each with an animal ("hou") on top of it, also stand in front of the gate. Originally, these installations were designed for commoners to address their grievances by writing or sticking up petitions on the columns. However, the examples in front of the Imperial City were purely decorative and instead connoted the majesty of the imperial government.
The western and eastern walls have giant placards; the left one reads "Long Live the People's | 9,616 |
343359 | Tiananmen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiananmen | Tiananmen
Republic of China" (), while the right one reads "Long Live the Great Unity of the World's Peoples". The right placard used to read "Long Live the Central People's Government" () for the founding ceremony of the PRC, but after the ceremony it was changed to "Long Live the Great Unity of the World's Peoples" (). Both placards were changed to use simplified Chinese instead of traditional Chinese characters in 1964. The phrasing has significant symbolic meaning, as the phrase used for "long live", like the Imperial City itself, was traditionally reserved for Emperors of China, but is now available to the common people.
The reviewing stands in the foreground are used on International Workers Day | 9,617 |
343359 | Tiananmen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiananmen | Tiananmen
(May Day) and on the National Day (October 1) of the People's Republic of China.
In front of the stands is the Imperial City's moat, still filled with water but now containing decorative illuminated fountains.
In ancient times, the Tiananmen was among the most important gates encountered when entering Beijing's Imperial City along with the Qianmen, the Gate of China. Proceeding further inward, the next gate is the 'Upright Gate', identical in design to the Tian'anmen; behind it is the southern entrance of the Forbidden City itself, known as the Meridian Gate.
# Portrait.
## History.
Because of the gate's position at the front of the Imperial City, and historical events that have taken place | 9,618 |
343359 | Tiananmen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiananmen | Tiananmen
on Tiananmen Square, the gate has great political significance. In 1925, when China was ruled by the Nationalist government, a large portrait of Sun Yat-sen was hung at the gate after his death. In 1945, to celebrate the victory over Japan, Chiang Kai-shek's portrait was hung.
On July 7, 1949, pictures of Zhu De and Mao Zedong were hung to commemorate the Second Sino-Japanese War. Since then, from the founding date of the People's Republic of China, a portrait of Mao has been hung at the square on October 1. Each year the old portrait is replaced before October 1, the anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. However, on certain occasions the picture has been different. | 9,619 |
343359 | Tiananmen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiananmen | Tiananmen
For example, on March 9, 1953, a picture of Joseph Stalin was put up due to his death.
In 2011 Alexander Pann Han-tang, chairman of the Asia Pacific Taiwan Federation of Industry and Commerce, and a close friend of Taiwanese president Ma Ying-jeou, proposed that the picture of Sun Yat-sen be displayed at Tiananmen Square instead for the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Republic of China. However this proposal was rejected.
## Incidents.
The portrait weighs 1.5 tonnes and is generally replaced by a spare when it is vandalised. In 1989, three dissidents, including Yu Dongyue, attacked the portrait with eggs during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. Yu was sent to prison and was | 9,620 |
343359 | Tiananmen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiananmen | Tiananmen
not released until 17 years later in 2006. On May 12, 2007 the portrait of Mao caught fire. A 35-year-old unemployed man from Urumqi was arrested for the incident. About 15% of the portrait was damaged, and had to be repaired later. On April 5, 2010, a protester threw ink in a plastic bottle and hit a wall near the portrait. He was then arrested.
# National symbol.
Due to its historical significance, Tiananmen is featured on the National Emblem of the People's Republic of China. It has also been featured in the designs of stamps and coins issued by the People's Republic of China.
# Public access.
Tiananmen is open to the public each day of the week from 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
Line 1 of | 9,621 |
343359 | Tiananmen | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiananmen | Tiananmen
stic bottle and hit a wall near the portrait. He was then arrested.
# National symbol.
Due to its historical significance, Tiananmen is featured on the National Emblem of the People's Republic of China. It has also been featured in the designs of stamps and coins issued by the People's Republic of China.
# Public access.
Tiananmen is open to the public each day of the week from 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
Line 1 of the Beijing Subway has stops at Tiananmen West and Tiananmen East, on either side of Tiananmen.
City buses 1, 2, 5, 52, 82, 120, 1, 2, 1, 2, 17 stop near Tiananmen.
# See also.
- Gate of China, Beijing
# External links.
- Tian'anmen -- the Gate of Heavenly Peace. China.org.cn | 9,622 |
343382 | List of cities in Nepal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Nepal | List of cities in Nepal
List of cities in Nepal
Municipalities in Nepal are cities and towns meeting minimum criteria set out by the government. These criteria include a certain population, infrastructure and revenues. Presently, there are 293 municipalities in Nepal among which 6 are metropolis, 11 are sub-metropolis and 276 are municipal councils. Other than that there are 460 rural municipalities totaling 753 local level government within Nepal.
Kathmandu, the capital, is also the largest city followed by Biratnagar, the industrial capital of the nation. In terms of area, Pokhara is the largest metropolitan city covering a subtotal of 464.28 km while Lalitpur is the smallest, with an area of 36.12 km. Ghorahi is | 9,623 |
343382 | List of cities in Nepal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Nepal | List of cities in Nepal
the largest sub-metropolitan city, with an area of 522.21 km and a population of 156,154 and Sitganga is the largest municipality with an area of .
# See also.
- — "all city/urban + rural municipalities".
- Gaupalikas−Rural Municipalities of Nepal — "current rural municipality + local government subdivision (est. 2017)".
- List of gaupalikas−rural municipalities of Nepal
- Village development committees of Nepal (VDC) — "former rural municipality + local government subdivision (1990-2016)".
- List of village development committees of Nepal — "(1990-2016)".
# External links.
- Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics.gov: Census 2011 − Final results of population and housing of VDC-Village | 9,624 |
343382 | List of cities in Nepal | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Nepal | List of cities in Nepal
municipalities".
- Gaupalikas−Rural Municipalities of Nepal — "current rural municipality + local government subdivision (est. 2017)".
- List of gaupalikas−rural municipalities of Nepal
- Village development committees of Nepal (VDC) — "former rural municipality + local government subdivision (1990-2016)".
- List of village development committees of Nepal — "(1990-2016)".
# External links.
- Nepal Central Bureau of Statistics.gov: Census 2011 − Final results of population and housing of VDC-Village development committees/Municipalities−cities — "Table 2 (p. 8)".
- Ekendraonline.com: Cost of Living Index in Nepal — Statistics & Graphs of Nepalese Citizen's Economic Power (January 2014) | 9,625 |
343373 | List of cities in North Macedonia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20North%20Macedonia | List of cities in North Macedonia
List of cities in North Macedonia
This is a list of cities and towns in North Macedonia. In the country there are 34 cities, of which 5 have population of over 50,000 and 12 towns with population of under 10,000 people. The capital city, Skopje, is home to around 25% of the total population of the country. As of 2002, 59.5% of the population lived in urban areas.
Twelve towns in North Macedonia have population under 10,000: Demir Hisar (2,593), Pehčevo (3,237), Demir Kapija (3,275), Makedonski Brod (3,740), Valandovo (4,402), Makedonska Kamenica (5,147), Kruševo (5,330), Bogdanci (6,011), Kratovo (6,924), Berovo (7,002), Probištip (8,714) and Resen (8,748). These towns are officially called | 9,626 |
343373 | List of cities in North Macedonia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20North%20Macedonia | List of cities in North Macedonia
"cities", but they are often called as "small towns" ("гратчиња, gratčinja"), because of the size of the population.
In North Macedonia there are only 5 cities with population of over 50,000: Skopje (506,926), Bitola (74,550), Kumanovo (70,842), Prilep (66,246) and Tetovo (86,580). These are the largest cities in the country.
Seventeen towns in North Macedonia have population between 10,000 and 50,000: Veles (43,716), Štip (43,652), Ohrid (42,033), Gostivar (35,847), Strumica (35,311), Kavadarci (29,188), Kočani (28,330), Kičevo (27,067), Struga (16,559), Radoviš (16,223), Gevgelija (15,685), Debar (14,561), Kriva Palanka (14,558), Sveti Nikole (13,746), Negotino (13,284), Delčevo (11,500) | 9,627 |
343373 | List of cities in North Macedonia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20North%20Macedonia | List of cities in North Macedonia
Štip (43,652), Ohrid (42,033), Gostivar (35,847), Strumica (35,311), Kavadarci (29,188), Kočani (28,330), Kičevo (27,067), Struga (16,559), Radoviš (16,223), Gevgelija (15,685), Debar (14,561), Kriva Palanka (14,558), Sveti Nikole (13,746), Negotino (13,284), Delčevo (11,500) and Vinica (10,863). These towns are often referred to as "cities of medium size".
# Statistics.
## Largest cities.
The largest five cities in North Macedonia are:
## Smallest towns.
The five smallest towns in North Macedonia are:
# See also.
- North Macedonia
- List of municipalities in North Macedonia by population
- List of twin towns and sister cities in North Macedonia
- List of cities in Europe
- Europe | 9,628 |
343375 | Monopoly on violence | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monopoly%20on%20violence | Monopoly on violence
Monopoly on violence
The monopoly on violence or the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force is a core concept of modern public law, which goes back to Jean Bodin's 1576 work "Les Six livres de la République" and Thomas Hobbes' 1651 book "Leviathan". As the defining conception of the state, it was first described in sociology by Max Weber in his essay "Politics as a Vocation" (1919). Weber claims that the state is the "only human "Gemeinschaft" which lays claim to the monopoly on the legitimated use of physical force. However, this monopoly is limited to a certain geographical area, and in fact this limitation to a particular area is one of the things that defines a state." In other | 9,629 |
343375 | Monopoly on violence | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monopoly%20on%20violence | Monopoly on violence
words, Weber describes the state as any organization that succeeds in holding the exclusive right to use, threaten, or authorize physical force against residents of its territory. Such a monopoly, according to Weber, must occur via a process of legitimation.
# Max Weber's theory.
Max Weber wrote in "Politics as a Vocation" that a fundamental characteristic of statehood is the claim of such a monopoly. His expanded definition was that something is "a 'state' if and insofar as its administrative staff successfully upholds a claim on the 'monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force' () in the enforcement of its order." Weber's concept has been formalized to show that the exclusive policing | 9,630 |
343375 | Monopoly on violence | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monopoly%20on%20violence | Monopoly on violence
power of the state benefits social welfare via private property, provided the state acts benevolently in the interest of its citizens.
According to Weber, the state is that "human community that (successfully) claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of violence within a given territory." The public police and military are its main instruments, but private security might also be considered to have "the 'right' to use violence" so long as the sole source of this perceived right is state sanction. Weber applied several caveats to his discussion of the state's monopoly of violence:
- He intended the statement as a contemporary observation, noting that the connection between the state and the | 9,631 |
343375 | Monopoly on violence | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monopoly%20on%20violence | Monopoly on violence
use of physical force has not always been so close. He uses the examples of feudalism, where private warfare was permitted under certain conditions, and of religious courts, which had sole jurisdiction over some types of offenses, especially heresy and sex crimes (thus the nickname "bawdy courts"). Regardless, the state exists wherever a single authority can legitimately authorize violence.
- For the same reasons, the "monopoly" does not mean that only the government may use physical force, but that the state is that human community that successfully claims for itself to be the only source of legitimacy for all physical coercion or adjudication of coercion. For example, the law might permit | 9,632 |
343375 | Monopoly on violence | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monopoly%20on%20violence | Monopoly on violence
individuals to use force in defense of one's self or property, but this right derives from the state's authority. This conflicts directly with enlightenment principles of individual sovereignty that delegates power to the state by consent, and concepts of natural law that hold that individual rights deriving from sapient self-ownership preexist the state and are only recognised and guaranteed by the state which may be restricted from limiting them by constitutional law.
## Criticisms of Weber.
Robert Hinrichs Bates argues that the state itself has no violent power; rather, the people hold all the power of coercion to ensure that order and other equilibriums hold up. The implication of this | 9,633 |
343375 | Monopoly on violence | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monopoly%20on%20violence | Monopoly on violence
is that there is a frontier of well-being in stateless societies, that can only be surpassed if some level of coercion or violence is used to elevate the complexity of the state. In other words, without investing in troops, police, or some sort of enforcement mechanism, early states cannot enjoy the law and order (or prosperity) of more developed states.
# Relation to state capacity.
The capacity of a state is often measured in terms of its fiscal and legal capacity. Fiscal capacity meaning the state's ability to recover taxation to provide public goods, and legal capacity meaning the state's supremacy as sole arbiter of conflict resolution and contract enforcement. Without some sort of coercion, | 9,634 |
343375 | Monopoly on violence | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monopoly%20on%20violence | Monopoly on violence
the state would not otherwise be able to enforce its legitimacy in its desired sphere of influence. In early and developing states, this role was often played by the "stationary bandit" who defended villagers from roving bandits, in the hope that the protection would incentivize villagers to invest in economic production, and the stationary bandit could eventually use its coercive power to expropriate some of that wealth.
In regions where state presence is minimally felt, non-state actors can use their monopoly of violence to establish legitimacy and order. For example, the Sicilian Mafia originated as a protection racket providing buyers and sellers in the black market with protection. Without | 9,635 |
343375 | Monopoly on violence | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monopoly%20on%20violence | Monopoly on violence
this type of enforcement, market participants would not be otherwise confident enough to trust their counter-parties for valid contract enforcement and the market would collapse.
Even in illicit and underground markets (somewhat akin to stateless societies), violence is used to enforce contracts in the absence of accessible legal conflict resolution. Charles Tilly continues this comparison to say that warmaking and statemaking are actually the best representations of what organized crime can grow into.
# Other.
According to Raymond Aron, international relations are characterized by the absence of widely acknowledged legitimacy in the use of force between states.
Martha Lizabeth Phelps, writing | 9,636 |
343375 | Monopoly on violence | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monopoly%20on%20violence | Monopoly on violence
lps, writing in "Politics & Policy", takes Weber's ideas on the legitimacy of private security a step further. Phelps claims that the use of private actors by the state remains legitimate if and only if military contractors are perceived as being controlled by the state.
# See also.
- Coercion
- Counter-insurgency
- Conflict resolution
- Definitions of terrorism
- Failed state
- Fiscal capacity
- Insurgency
- Legitimacy (political)
- Non-state actor
- Peelian principles
- Police brutality
- Police legitimacy
- "Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun"
- Power (social and political)
- Private army
- Protection racket
- Self-defense
- State-building
- Statelessness | 9,637 |
343385 | List of cities in Panama | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Panama | List of cities in Panama
List of cities in Panama
This is a list of cities in Panama.
# Largest cities.
These are the largest 20 Panamanian cities and towns, listed in descending order. All figures are estimates for the year 2016. The last census took place in 2010. Provincial capitals are shown in bold.
# Alphabetical list.
- Achutupo
- Ailigandí
- Alanje
- Alcalde Díaz
- Almirante
- Alto de la Estancia
- Alto del Espino
- Agua Buena
- Aguadulce, Coclé
- Ancón
- Antón
- Arraiján
- Aserrío de Gariché
- Atalaya
- Berbá
- Bisira
- Boca de Parita
- Bocas Town
- Boquerón
- Boquete
- Bugaba
- Burica
- Bágala
- Caimitillo
- Calobre
- Calzada Larga
- Canoa
- Capellanía
- Capetí
- Capira
- | 9,638 |
343385 | List of cities in Panama | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Panama | List of cities in Panama
Cartí Sugtupu
- Cativá
- Cañazas
- Celmira
- Cermeño
- Cerro Cama
- Cerro Punta
- Chame
- Changuinola
- Chepo
- Chichica
- Chigoré
- Chiguirí Arriba
- Chilibre
- Chimán
- Chiriquí Grande
- Chitré
- Churuquita Chiquita
- Churuquita Grande
- Cirilo Guainora
- Coetupo
- Colón
- Coloncito
- Cristóbal
- David
- Divalá
- Dolega
- El Caño
- El Copé
- El Cortezo
- El Cortezo
- El Cristo
- El Cristo
- El Espavé
- El Espino de Santa Rosa
- El Giral
- El Porvenir
- El Real de Santa María
- El Rincón
- El Roble
- El Silencio
- El Uvito
- El Valle de la Unión
- Entradero
- Escobal
- Finca Blanco
- Finca Cincuenta y Uno
- Finca Corredor
- Garachiné
- Gariché
- | 9,639 |
343385 | List of cities in Panama | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Panama | List of cities in Panama
Guabito
- Gualaca
- Guararé
- Guarumal
- Guarumal
- Horconcitos
- Icantí
- Ipetí
- Jaqué
- Kanir-Dup
- Kankintú
- Kusapin
- La Cabima
- La Chorrera
- La Concepcion
- La Espigadilla
- La Loma
- La Mata
- La Mitra
- La Palma
- La Raya de Santa María
- La Tiza
- Las Cumbres
- Las Guías Oriente
- Las Minas
- Las Tablas
- Llano Largo
- Llano Marín
- Llano de Piedra
- Los Algarrobos
- Los Anastacios
- Los Boquerones
- Los Lotes
- Los Pollos
- Los Pozos
- Lídice
- Macaracas
- Mamitipo
- María Chiquita
- Mata del Nance
- Metetí
- Monte Lirio
- Mortí
- Mulatupo
- Nata
- Nombre de Dios
- Nueva Gorgona
- Nuevo Arraiján
- Nuevo Emperador
- Nuevo Guararé
- | 9,640 |
343385 | List of cities in Panama | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Panama | List of cities in Panama
Nuevo San Juan
- Nuevo Vigía
- Ocú
- Olá
- Pacora
- Pacola
- Palmas Bellas
- Panama City – capital
- Parita
- Paso Blanco
- Pedasí
- Pedregal
- Pedregal
- Pedregal
- Penonomé
- Pesé
- Plaza de Caisán
- Pocrí (Coclé)
- Pocrí (Los Santos)
- Portobello
- Potrerillos Abajo
- Potrerillos Arriba
- Potrero Grande
- Puerto Armuelles
- Puerto Caimito
- Puerto Indio
- Puerto Pilón
- Punta Peña
- Quebrada Bonita Adentro
- Río Alejandro
- Río Duque
- Río Hato
- Río Rita
- Río Sereno
- Río de Jesús
- Sabanitas
- Sajalices
- San Miguelito
- San Vicente de Bique
- Santa Ana Arriba
- Santa Fé
- Santa Rita Arriba
- Santiago de Veraguas
- Sasardi
- Sioguí Abajo
- Sioguí | 9,641 |
343385 | List of cities in Panama | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Panama | List of cities in Panama
(Coclé)
- Pocrí (Los Santos)
- Portobello
- Potrerillos Abajo
- Potrerillos Arriba
- Potrero Grande
- Puerto Armuelles
- Puerto Caimito
- Puerto Indio
- Puerto Pilón
- Punta Peña
- Quebrada Bonita Adentro
- Río Alejandro
- Río Duque
- Río Hato
- Río Rita
- Río Sereno
- Río de Jesús
- Sabanitas
- Sajalices
- San Miguelito
- San Vicente de Bique
- Santa Ana Arriba
- Santa Fé
- Santa Rita Arriba
- Santiago de Veraguas
- Sasardi
- Sioguí Abajo
- Sioguí Arriba
- Sortová
- Tocumen
- Tolé
- Tonosí
- Tubualá
- Unión Chocó
- Ustupo
- Vacamonte
- Valle del Risco
- Villa Carmen
- Villa Rosario
- Volcán
- Yaviza
# See also.
- Lists of cities in Central America | 9,642 |
343384 | List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20administered%20by%20the%20Palestinian%20Authority | List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority
List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority
The following is a list of cities administered by the Palestinian National Authority. After the 1995 Interim Agreements, the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) took control of civil affairs in both designated Areas, A and B, where most Palestinian population centers are located (except those within the municipal borders of East Jerusalem). Israel Defense Forces are responsible for security in Area B in the West Bank and have full control over localities in Area C.
Following the 2007 rift between the main two Palestinian factions Fatah and Hamas, the PNA has been split with the former dominating the Palestinian government in the West | 9,643 |
343384 | List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20administered%20by%20the%20Palestinian%20Authority | List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority
Bank and the latter controlling the Gaza Strip.
# Local regulations.
The Local Government Ministry of the Palestinian National Authority is responsible for granting a town with city or municipality status. However, there is no specific guidelines for a particular locality to achieve the status of Palestinian city. It is mostly judged on the population reaching above 20,000. The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) took its latest official census in 2007.
# List of cities.
The largest city in the Gaza Strip and all of Palestine is Gaza City and the largest Palestinian city in the West Bank is Hebron. Some cities form agglomerations with other towns or cities, such as the Bethlehem | 9,644 |
343384 | List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20administered%20by%20the%20Palestinian%20Authority | List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority
metropolitan area with Beit Jala and Beit Sahour. Ramallah and al-Bireh also form an agglomeration and are often considered a single city.
The following is a list of all Palestinian cities under Ramallah-administration, their governorates, their specific jurisdictions and their populations according to the 2007 census and the 2015 estimate by the PCBS.
## Mixed cities.
- Hebron (الخليل/חברון): Hebron is a city where between 500 and 850 Israelis live among around 210,000 Palestinians. The Israelis live primarily in the historic Jewish quarter, which existed before the 1929 Hebron massacre.The city is also known for the 1994 Cave of the Patriarchs massacre,where over 30 palestinians,including | 9,645 |
343384 | List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20administered%20by%20the%20Palestinian%20Authority | List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority
the PCBS.
## Mixed cities.
- Hebron (الخليل/חברון): Hebron is a city where between 500 and 850 Israelis live among around 210,000 Palestinians. The Israelis live primarily in the historic Jewish quarter, which existed before the 1929 Hebron massacre.The city is also known for the 1994 Cave of the Patriarchs massacre,where over 30 palestinians,including teenagers,were killed by American-Israeli Baruch Goldstein.
# See also.
- Arab localities in Israel
- List of cities in the Gaza Strip
- List of cities in Israel
- List of Israeli settlements with city status in the West Bank
- Municipality (Palestinian Authority)
- Village council (Palestinian Authority)
- Palestinian refugee camps | 9,646 |
343386 | Formula language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula%20language | Formula language
Formula language
The Formula language is a scripting language used by Lotus Notes.
It is often referred to as @Formula language (pronounced "at-formula") because many language elements start with the @-character. Here is an example of a selection formula:
It was created by Ray Ozzie during the early development of Lotus Notes. He borrowed the compiler and decompiler from the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet, but unlike the spreadsheet language Formula Language was designed primarily for string and list processing, not numerical processing. It was originally a Functional programming language with unique text list-handling features inspired by Ray Ozzie's prior use of Icon and Lisp.
The Formula language | 9,647 |
343386 | Formula language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula%20language | Formula language
engine was rewritten by Damien Katz for Notes and Domino 6. New features were added to the language, such as looping and dynamic execution, and performance was improved.
The Formula language has two parts:
- "@Functions" for calculations and simple logic
- "@Commands" for performing actions in the user interface
"@Functions" can be used in several places throughout Lotus Notes. The most important uses are:
- to select documents to show to the user in a view (a kind of index) or to select documents for further processing. In this case, the formula will evaluate to a 'true' (selected) or 'false' value (not selected) for each document.
- to provide default values for fields, to transform | 9,648 |
343386 | Formula language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula%20language | Formula language
the data entered by the user (like stripping off redundant spaces) and to validate this data.
- to get a list of values from a Notes database or even from a relational database (using ODBC). This may be used to provide a user with a list of values to choose from.
- to process a set of documents. The formula is placed in an agent, a program or macro that can be started by a user or by the Notes server according to a schedule. When the agent is triggered, the formula executes for each selected document (this a very limited form of a loop). This is an efficient way of changing lots of documents, if the logic is not too complicated. In case of complicated changes, LotusScript is used.
"@Commands" | 9,649 |
343386 | Formula language | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Formula%20language | Formula language
cutes for each selected document (this a very limited form of a loop). This is an efficient way of changing lots of documents, if the logic is not too complicated. In case of complicated changes, LotusScript is used.
"@Commands" are like menu commands: they perform actions in the Lotus Notes client. Examples of actions are:
- opening a Notes database
- creating an e-mail
- putting the cursor in a specific data-entry field
- closing a window
- starting an agent
@Commands are primarily used in formulas that are triggered by user action, such as in button formulas. It is possible to combine them with @Functions, for example by making execution of an @command conditional on a field value. | 9,650 |
343387 | List of cities and towns in Paraguay | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20and%20towns%20in%20Paraguay | List of cities and towns in Paraguay
List of cities and towns in Paraguay
This is a list of towns and cities in Paraguay.
# A.
- Abaí
- Acahay
- Aguaray
- Alberdi
- Alto Verá
- Areguá
- Arroyito
- Asunción
- Atyrá
- Ayolas
# B.
- Bella Vista, Amambay
- Benjamín Aceval
# C.
- Caacupé
- Caaguazú
- Caapucú
- Caazapá
- Cambyreta
- Capiatá
- Capiíbary
- Capitán Bado
- Capitán Mauricio José Troche
- Capitán Meza
- Capitán Miranda
- Caraguatay
- Carayaó
- Carmen del Paraná
- Cerrito
- Ciudad del Este
- Concepción
- Coronel Bogado
- Coronel Martínez
- Coronel Oviedo
- Curuguaty
# D.
- Desmochados
- Doctor Botrell
- Doctor Cecilio Báez
- Doctor Eulogio Estigarribia
- Doctor Juan Manuel Frutos
- | 9,651 |
343387 | List of cities and towns in Paraguay | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20and%20towns%20in%20Paraguay | List of cities and towns in Paraguay
Doctor Moisés Bertoni
- Doctor Pedro P. Peña
# E.
- Edelira
- Encarnación
# F.
- Fernando de la Mora
- Fernheim Colony
- Filadelfia
- Fuerte Olimpo
# G.
- General Artigas
- General Delgado
- General Elizardo Aquino
- General Eugenio A. Garay
- General Francisco Álvarez
- General Higinio Morínigo
- General Isidro Resquín
- General José Eduvigis Díaz
- Guarambaré
- Guayaibi
- Guazu-Cua
# H.
- Hernandaríaz
- Hohenhau
- Horqueta
- Humaitá
# I.
- Independencia
- Isla Pucu
- Isla Umbú
- Itacurubí de la Cordillera
- Itacurubí del Rosario
- Itanará
- Itapé
- Itapúa Poty
- Itaquyry
- Itauguá
- Iturbe
# J.
- José Falcón
- José Fassardi
- José Ocampos
- Juan Emilio | 9,652 |
343387 | List of cities and towns in Paraguay | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20and%20towns%20in%20Paraguay | List of cities and towns in Paraguay
O'Leary
# K.
- Karapaí
- Katueté
# L.
- La Pastoria
- La Victoria
- Lambaré
- Laureles
- Leandro Oviedo
- Limpio
- Luque
# M.
- María Antonia
- Mariano Roque Alonso
- Mariscal Estigarribia
- Mariscal Francisco Solano López
- Mayor José Dejesús Martínez
- Mayor Otaño
- Mayor Pablo Lagerenza
- Mbaracayú
- Mbocayaty
- Mbocayty del Yhaguy
- Mbutuy
- Mbuyapey
- Menno Colony
- Menno
- Minga Guazú
# N.
- Nanawa
- Natalicio Talavera
- Natalio
- Neuland Colony
- Nueva Alborada
- Nueva Germania
- Nueva Italia
- Nueva Londres
# Ñ.
- Ñacunday
- Ñemby
- Ñumí
# O.
- Obligado
# P.
- Paraguarí
- Paso de Patria
- Paso Yobai
- Pedro Juan Caballero
- Pilar
- Pirayú
- | 9,653 |
343387 | List of cities and towns in Paraguay | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20and%20towns%20in%20Paraguay | List of cities and towns in Paraguay
Pozo Colorado
- Presidente Franco
- Primero de Marzo
- Puerto Pinasco
# Q.
- Quiindy
- Quyquyhó
# R.
- Raúl Arsenio Oviedo
- Repatriación
# S.
- Salto del Guairá
- San Alberto
- San Bernardino
- San Cosme y Damián
- San Estanislao
- San Ignacio
- San José de los Arroyos
- San Juan Bautista de Ñeembucú
- San Juan Bautista
- San Juan del Paraná
- San Lorenzo
- San Pablo
- San Pedro de Ycuamandiyú
- San Pedro del Paraná
- San Rafael del Paraná
- San Vicente Pancholo
- Sapucaí
# T.
- Tacuaras
- Tacuatí
- Tavaí
- Tebicuary-mí
- Tomás Romero Pereira
- R. I. Tres Corrales
- Tres de Mayo
- Trinidad
# U.
- Unión
# V.
- Vaquería
- Veinticinco de Diciembre
- Villa | 9,654 |
343387 | List of cities and towns in Paraguay | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20and%20towns%20in%20Paraguay | List of cities and towns in Paraguay
- San Pedro de Ycuamandiyú
- San Pedro del Paraná
- San Rafael del Paraná
- San Vicente Pancholo
- Sapucaí
# T.
- Tacuaras
- Tacuatí
- Tavaí
- Tebicuary-mí
- Tomás Romero Pereira
- R. I. Tres Corrales
- Tres de Mayo
- Trinidad
# U.
- Unión
# V.
- Vaquería
- Veinticinco de Diciembre
- Villa Elisa
- Villa Franca
- Villa Hayes
- Villa Oliva
- Villalbín
- Villarrica
- Villeta
# Y.
- Yabebyry
- Yaguarón
- Yasy Cañy
- Yataity
- Yataity del Norte
- Yatytay
- Yby Pytá
- Ybycuí
- Ybytimí
- Yegros
- Ygatimi
- Yhú
- Ypacaraí
- Ypané
- Ypehú
- Yuty
# Z.
- Zanja Pytá
# See also.
- List of cities and towns in Paraguay by population
- List of cities by country | 9,655 |
343388 | List of cities in Peru | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Peru | List of cities in Peru
List of cities in Peru
This is a list of cities in Peru by population. A city is displayed in bold if it is a capital city of a region. For metropolitan areas see List of metropolitan areas of Peru.
# See also.
- List of metropolitan areas of Peru
- List of regions by population of Peru | 9,656 |
343389 | List of cities in Somalia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Somalia | List of cities in Somalia
List of cities in Somalia
This is a list of cities, towns and villages in Somalia.
- Aadan Yabaa
- Aasha ado
- Abaareey
- Abudwak
- Adado
- Afgooye
- Afmadow
- Arabsiyo
- Abaarso
- Badhan
- Baidoa
- Balcad
- Ballidagaruen
- Balli Dhiddin
- Bandar Beyla
- Bandiiradley
- Barawa
- Bardera
- Beeli Wacatay
- Beledhawo
- Beledweyne
- Buqdaaqable
- Buraan
- Berbera
- Beyra
- Boon
- Boorama
- Boocame
- Bosaso
- Bu'aale
- Bur Saalax
- Buulo burte
- Burane
- Burco
- Burgaban
- Burtinle
- Buurdhuubo
- Buurhakaba
- Ceeldheer
- Cadale
- Ceel-Baraf
- Caadley
- Cadaley
- Ceel-Aweyn
- Ceelaayo
- Ceel Huur
- Ceelbuur
- Ceel Cali
- Ceelmakoile
- Ceerigaabo
- | 9,657 |
343389 | List of cities in Somalia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Somalia | List of cities in Somalia
Colgula
- Daharro
- Dalweyn
- Damala Xagare
- Dhahar
- Dhamasa
- Dharoor
- Dhuusamarreeb
- Diinsoor
- Dilla
- Docol
- Doolow
- Duulin Maaxato
- Eyl
- Faraweyne
- Gabiley
- Galcad
- Galinsoor
- Galkayo
- Garbahaarreey
- Garoowe
- Geerisa Awdal
- Godaalo
- Goldogob
- Goroyo-Cawl
- Gosoweyna
- Guriel
- Guud Cad
- Habo
- Hadaaftimo
- Hafun
- Harardhere
- Hargeisa
- Harirad
- Hingalol
- Hobyo
- Hudur
- Jalalaqsi
- Jamaame
- Jariban
- Jilib
- Jidali
- Jowhar
- Jiifyarey
- Jilyaale
- Karin
- Kulanxagay
- Kismayo
- Laag
- Lanwaley
- Las Anod
- Laasqoray
- Laas Dawaco
- Lawyacado
- Lughaya
- Luuq
- Leego
- Mahadaay Weyn
- Masagawaa
- Mareeg
- | 9,658 |
343389 | List of cities in Somalia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Somalia | List of cities in Somalia
y
- Laas Dawaco
- Lawyacado
- Lughaya
- Luuq
- Leego
- Mahadaay Weyn
- Masagawaa
- Mareeg
- Merca
- Mogadishu
- Qandala
- Qardho
- Oog
- Qaan Dhoole
- Qansahdhere
- Qarhis
- Qeedi Haan
- Qoryale
- Qoryoley
- Qori lugud
- Quljeed
- Rako Raaxo
- Ras Kamboni
- Rigomane
- Roox
- Ruun Nirgood
- Sarcade
- Sarmanyo
- Saylac
- Sheekh
- Sheerbi
- Taleex
- Tile
- Turdho
- Ufeyn
- Waiye
- Wajaale
- Wajid
- Warsheikh
- Weeraar
- Wisil
- Wobxo
- Xamure
- Xiddo
- Yake
- Yubbe
- Zeila
# See also.
- List of cities in Somalia by population
- List of cities in East Africa
# References.
- National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency - Geographical areas in Somalia | 9,659 |
343391 | List of cities in Syria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Syria | List of cities in Syria
List of cities in Syria
The country of Syria is administratively subdivided into 14 governorates, which are sub-divided into 65 districts, which are further divided into 284 sub-districts. Each of the governorates and districts has its own centre or capital city, except for Rif Dimashq Governorate and Markaz Rif Dimashq district. All the sub-districts have their own centres as well.
Each district bears the same name as its administrative centre, with the exception of Mount Simeon District where the centre is the city of Aleppo. The same applies to all "nahiyas" (sub-districts), except for the Mount Simeon Nahiya where the centre is the city of Aleppo.
# Governorate and district capital cities.
Sixty-four | 9,660 |
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# Governorate and district capital cities.
Sixty-four of the 65 districts of Syria have a city that serves as the regional capital (administrative centre); Markaz Rif Dimashq is a district with no official regional centre.
The city of Damascus functions as a governorate, a district and a subdistrict. The Rif Dimashq Governorate has no official centre and its headquarters are in Damascus.
The first 13 cities in the list are the centre of their governorate, as well as of their district.
The population figures are from the 2004 official census.
# See also.
- Cities and towns during the Syrian civil war
- Districts of Syria
- Governorates of Syria
- List of towns and villages in Syria | 9,661 |
343392 | List of cities in Tajikistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Tajikistan | List of cities in Tajikistan
List of cities in Tajikistan
This is a list of cities in Tajikistan.
The largest metropolitan area in Tajikistan is that of the capital Dushanbe, with 843,252. Thirteen percent of the population of the country lives in the region of the capital.
# Cities of more than 10,000 people, listed by population.
The following table includes all cities larger than 10,000 people, with their names in English, and the corresponding names in Cyrillic and Perso-Arabic script. Because of transliteration difficulties, some are known by more than one spelling. The population is from the censuses of 12 January 1989 and 20 January 2000, as well as an estimate for 1 January 2006. The population figures are for | 9,662 |
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the city proper, and do not include adjacent communities. In addition, the administrative division in which the city lies is named, usually a province, or an autonomous province in the case of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province (GBAO). There is also the capital district, and the Region of Republican Subordination (here abbreviated RRS), which do not belong to a province, and are directly under the central government. Finally, the district in which the city lies is given.
"Cities not subordinated administratively to the district where they are located:"
*Cities of republican subordination
**Cities of provincial subordination
# Other cities.
- Faizobod
- Qal'ai Khumb
- Panj
- Shurab
- | 9,663 |
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here is also the capital district, and the Region of Republican Subordination (here abbreviated RRS), which do not belong to a province, and are directly under the central government. Finally, the district in which the city lies is given.
"Cities not subordinated administratively to the district where they are located:"
*Cities of republican subordination
**Cities of provincial subordination
# Other cities.
- Faizobod
- Qal'ai Khumb
- Panj
- Shurab
- Vanj
- Varzob
# See also.
- List of renamed cities in Tajikistan
# References.
- State Statistical Committee
- World Gazetteer – Current population figures for Tajik cities
- City Population – Historical censuses for Tajik cities | 9,664 |
343393 | List of cities in Tunisia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Tunisia | List of cities in Tunisia
List of cities in Tunisia
This is the list of 350 cities and towns in Tunisia. In the list by governorate capitals are shown in bold.
# See also.
- List of cities by country
- Governorates of Tunisia
- List of metropolitan areas in Africa
- List of largest cities in the Arab world | 9,665 |
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Dormition of the Mother of God
The Dormition of the Mother of God is a Great Feast of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches which commemorates the "falling asleep" or death of Mary the "Theotokos" ("Mother of God", literally translated as "God-bearer"), and her bodily resurrection before being taken up into heaven. It is celebrated on 15 August (28 August N.S. for those following the Julian Calendar) as the Feast of the Dormition of the Mother of God. The Armenian Apostolic Church celebrates the Dormition not on a fixed date, but on the Sunday nearest 15 August.
The death or Dormition of Mary is not recorded in the Christian canonical scriptures.
Hippolytus | 9,666 |
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of Thebes, a 7th- or 8th-century author, claims in his partially preserved chronology to the New Testament that Mary lived for 11 years after the death of Jesus, dying in AD 41.
The term "Dormition" expresses the belief that the Virgin died without suffering, in a state of spiritual peace. This belief does not rest on any scriptural basis, but is affirmed by Orthodox Christian Holy Tradition. It is testified to in some old Apocryphal writings, but neither the Orthodox Church nor other Christians regard these as possessing scriptural authority.
# Dormition fast.
The Feast of the Dormition is preceded by a two-week fast, referred to as the Dormition Fast. From August 1 to August 14 (inclusive) | 9,667 |
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Orthodox and Eastern Catholics fast from red meat, poultry, meat products, dairy products (eggs and milk products), fish, oil, and wine. The Dormition Fast is a stricter fast than either the Nativity Fast (Advent) or the Apostles' Fast, with only wine and oil (but no fish) allowed on weekends. As with the other Fasts of the Church year, there is a Great Feast that falls during the Fast; in this case, the Transfiguration (August 6), on which fish, wine and oil are allowed.
In some places, the services on weekdays during the Fast are similar to the services during Great Lent (with some variations). Many churches and monasteries in the Russian tradition perform the lenten services on at least | 9,668 |
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the first day of the Dormition Fast. In the Greek tradition, during the Fast either the Great Paraklesis (Supplicatory Canon) or the Small Paraklesis is celebrated every evening except Saturday evening and the Eves of the Transfiguration and the Dormition.
The first day of the Dormition Fast is a feast day called the Procession of the Cross (August 1), on which day it is customary to have an outdoor procession and perform the Lesser Blessing of Water. In Eastern Orthodoxy it is also the day of the Holy Seven Maccabees, Martyrs Abimus, Antonius, Gurias, Eleazar, Eusebonus, Alimus, and Marcellus, their mother Solomonia, and their teacher Eleazar. Therefore, the day is sometimes referred to as | 9,669 |
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"Makovei". Finally it is also considered the First of the three "Feasts of the Saviour" in August, the Feast to the All-Merciful Saviour and the Most Holy Mother of God.
# Significance of the feast.
In Orthodoxy and Catholicism, in the language of the scripture, death is often called a "sleeping" or "falling asleep" (Greek κοίμησις; whence κοιμητήριον "coemetērium" cemetery, "a place of sleeping"). A prominent example of this is the name of this feast; another is the Dormition of Anna, Mary's mother.
# Origin and adoption of the tradition.
## Related sites.
The Dormition tradition is associated with various places, most notably with Jerusalem, which contains Mary's Tomb and the Basilica | 9,670 |
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of the Dormition, and Ephesus, which contains the House of the Virgin Mary, and also with Constantinople where the Cincture of the Theotokos was enshrined from the 5th through 14th centuries.
## 1st–5th century.
The first four Christian centuries are silent regarding the end of the Virgin Mary's life, though it is asserted, without surviving documentation, that the feast of the Dormition was being observed in Jerusalem shortly after the Council of Ephesus.
Up until the 5th century Church Fathers do not mention the death of the Virgin, and before the 4th-5th century Dormition was not celebrated among the Christians as a holy day.
For example, Epiphanius of Salamis (c. 310/20–403), a Jew by | 9,671 |
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birth, born in Phoenicia, converted to Christianity in adulthood and lived as a monk for over 20 years in Palestine from 335–340 to 362, writes in "Panarion" in "Contra antidicomarianitas" about the death of the Virgin Mary the following:
If any think [I] am mistaken, moreover, let them search through the scriptures any neither find Mary's death, nor whether or not she died, nor whether or not she was buried—even though John surely travelled throughout Asia. And yet, nowhere does he say that he took the holy Virgin with him. Scripture simply kept silence because of the overwhelming wonder, not to throw men's minds into consternation. For I dare not say—though I have my suspicions, I keep silent. | 9,672 |
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Perhaps, just as her death is not to be found, so I may have found some traces of the holy and blessed Virgin. ...The holy virgin may have died and been buried—her falling asleep was with honour, her death in purity, her crown in virginity. Or she may have been put to death—as the scripture says, 'And a sword shall pierce through her soul'—her fame is among the martyrs and her holy body, by which light rose on the world, [rests] amid blessings. Or she may have remained alive, for God is not incapable of doing whatever he wills. No one knows her end. But we must not honour the saints to excess; we must honour their Master. It is time for the error of those who have gone astray to cease.
Christians | 9,673 |
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in the late 4th century had different opinions regarding Mary's death; some believed that she was martyred. For this reason, Ambrose, for example, wrote:
Neither the letter of Scripture nor Tradition does not teach us that Mary had left this life as a consequence of suffering from bodily ulcers.
## Late 5th until 7th century.
The earliest Dormition traditions surface in manuscripts at some point in the late 5th century, when three distinct narrative traditions describing the end of Mary's life suddenly appear. Stephen Shoemaker characterised them as the "Palm of the Tree of Life" narratives, the "Bethlehem" narratives, and the "Coptic" narratives—aside from a handful of atypical narratives.
The | 9,674 |
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events of the Dormition of the Virgin and her burial are dealt with in several known apocrypha: "Tale of the Dormition of the Virgin" by Pseudo-John the Theologian (emerged in the mid-5th century or later), "De transitu Virginis Mariae" by Pseudo-Melito of Sardis (5th century), the composition of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, "According to John, Archbishop of Thessalonica." One of these apocrypha is placed in the "History of the Church" by Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos.
All listed apocrypha are quite late—5th and 6th century—and their content differs from each other. Therefore, the Church did not adopt all their content, but only the basic idea that the Virgin Mary blissfully rested | 9,675 |
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and Her soul was adopted by her Son Jesus Christ at Dormition. According to Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos in his "History of the Church," Emperor Maurice (582–602) issued an edict which set the date for the celebration of the Dormition on August 15. After that Christians in the empire began to celebrate the death of the Virgin Mary. Modestus, Patriarch of Jerusalem (630—632) said at this celebration, while preaching, that he regrets the lack of specific information about the death of the Virgin Mary.
In Rome the feast called Dormitio Beatae Virginis was established by Pope Sergius I (687–701), borrowed from Constantinople.
## Narrative.
According to later Catholic tradition, Mary, having | 9,676 |
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spent her life after Pentecost supporting and serving the nascent Church, was living in the house of the Apostle John, in Jerusalem, when the Archangel Gabriel revealed to her that her death would occur three days later. The apostles, scattered throughout the world, are said to have been miraculously transported to be at her side when she died. The sole exception was Thomas, who was preaching in India. He is said to have arrived in a cloud above her tomb exactly three days after her death, and to have seen her body leaving to heaven. He asked her "Where are you going, O Holy One?", at which she took off her girdle and gave it to him saying "Receive this my friend", after which she disappeared. | 9,677 |
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Thomas was taken to his fellow apostles, whom he asked to see her grave, so that he could bid her goodbye. Mary had been buried in Gethsemane, according to her request. When they arrived at the grave, her body was gone, leaving a sweet fragrance. An apparition is said to have confirmed that Christ had taken her body to heaven after three days to be reunited with her soul. Orthodox theology teaches that the Theotokos has already undergone the bodily resurrection, which all will experience at the second coming, and stands in heaven in that glorified state which the other righteous ones will only enjoy after the Last Judgment.
# Dormition versus Assumption.
The Dormition of the Theotokos is celebrated | 9,678 |
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on August 15 (August 28, N.S. for those following the Julian Calendar), the same calendar day as the Roman Catholic Feast of the Assumption of Mary. The Dormition and the Assumption are the different names respectively in use by the Eastern and Catholic traditions for the end of Mary's life and departure from the earth, although the beliefs are not necessarily identical.
## Orthodox view.
The Orthodox Church specifically holds one of the two Roman Catholic alternative beliefs, teaching that Mary died a natural death, like any human being; that her soul was received by Christ upon death; and that her body was resurrected on the third day after her repose, at which time she was taken up, bodily | 9,679 |
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only, into heaven when the apostles, miraculously transported from the ends of the earth, found her tomb to be empty. The specific belief of the Orthodox is expressed in their liturgical texts used at the feast of the Dormition.
## Catholic view.
The Catholic doctrine of the Assumption covers Mary's bodily movement to heaven, but the dogmatic definition avoids saying whether she was dead or alive at that point. The question had been in dispute in Catholic theology, and although she is normally shown in Catholic art as alive at the point of assumption, many Catholics believe she had died in the normal way. Pope Pius XII alludes to the fact of her death at least five times, but left open the | 9,680 |
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question of whether or not Mary actually underwent death in connection with her departure, in his Apostolic constitution, "Munificentissimus Deus" (1950), which dogmatically defined ex cathedra (i.e., infallibly) the Assumption.
On 25 June 1997 during a General Audience Pope John Paul II stated that Mary experienced natural death prior to her assumption into Heaven, stating:
It is true that in Revelation death is presented as a punishment for sin. However, the fact that the Church proclaims Mary free from original sin by a unique divine privilege does not lead to the conclusion that she also received physical immortality. The Mother is not superior to the Son who underwent death, giving it | 9,681 |
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a new meaning and changing it into a means of salvation. Involved in Christ’s redemptive work and associated in his saving sacrifice, Mary was able to share in his suffering and death for the sake of humanity’s Redemption. What Severus of Antioch says about Christ also applies to her: “Without a preliminary death, how could the Resurrection have taken place?” (Antijulianistica, Beirut 1931, 194f.). To share in Christ’s Resurrection, Mary had first to share in his death. The New Testament provides no information on the circumstances of Mary’s death. This silence leads one to suppose that it happened naturally, with no detail particularly worthy of mention. If this were not the case, how could | 9,682 |
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the information about it have remained hidden from her contemporaries and not have been passed down to us in some way? As to the cause of Mary’s death, the opinions that wish to exclude her from death by natural causes seem groundless. It is more important to look for the Blessed Virgin’s spiritual attitude at the moment of her departure from this world. In this regard, St Francis de Sales maintains that Mary’s death was due to a transport of love. He speaks of a dying “in love, from love and through love”, going so far as to say that the Mother of God died of love for her Son Jesus (Treatise on the Love of God, bk. 7, ch. XIII–XIV). Whatever from the physical point of view was the organic, | 9,683 |
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biological cause of the end of her bodily life, it can be said that for Mary the passage from this life to the next was the full development of grace in glory, so that no death can ever be so fittingly described as a “dormition” as hers."
## Commonalities.
Both views agree that she was taken up into heaven bodily.
## Other denominations.
The Eastern Catholic observance of the feast corresponds to that of their Orthodox counterparts, whether Eastern Orthodox or Oriental Orthodox.
# Liturgical practices.
Malankara orthodox church which is an oriental orthodox church celebrated feast of dormition on August 15 with great importance as that day is the national independence day of India.
## | 9,684 |
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Byzantine.
It is customary in many places to bless fragrant herbage on the Feast of the Dormition.
In some places, the Rite of the "Burial of the Theotokos" is celebrated at the Dormition, during the All-Night Vigil. The order of the service is based on the service of the Burial of Christ on Great Saturday. An Epitaphios of the Theotokos, a richly embroidered cloth icon portraying her lying in state is used, together with specially composed hymns of lamentation which are sung with Psalm 118. Special Evlogitaria for the Dormition are chanted, echoing the Evlogitaria of the Resurrection chanted at matins on Sundays throughout the year as well as on Lazarus Saturday and Great Saturday. This Epitaphios | 9,685 |
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is placed on a bier and carried in procession as is the Epitaphios of Christ on during Great Saturday.
This practice began in Jerusalem, and from there it was carried to Russia, where it was followed in various Dormition Cathedrals, in particular that of Moscow. The practice slowly spread among the Russian Orthodox, though it is not by any means a standard service in all parishes, or even most cathedrals or monasteries. In Jerusalem, the service is chanted during the Vigil of the Dormition. In some Russian churches and monasteries, it is served on the third day after Dormition.
The Feast of the Dormition has a one-day Forefeast and 8 days of Afterfeast. The feast is framed and accentuated | 9,686 |
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by three feasts in honour of Jesus Christ, known as the "Three Feasts of the Saviour in August". These are: the Procession of the Cross (August 1), the Transfiguration (August 6), and the Icon of Christ "Not Made by Hand" (August 16).
## Maronite.
The Maronite Church has a tradition that their Third Anaphora of the Apostle Peter or "Sharrar" (the Maronite redaction of the Holy Qurbana of Addai and Mari) was originally composed for and used at the funeral of the Theotokos. This tradition probably developed because in its final form the anaphora has twelve paragraphs, i.e., one for each concelebrating apostle present at the funeral mass of the Theotokos.
# Depiction in art.
## Orthodox iconography.
One | 9,687 |
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might notice the similarities between the traditional depictions of the Dormition of the Theotokos in Byzantine iconography and the account of the death of the Egyptian Desert Father, Sisoes the Great. In both Christ is seen coming to receive the soul of the dying saint surrounded by an aureola or cloud of blinding light and accompanied by the angels and prophets. In Byzantine iconography the other Christs shown surrounded by such a cloud of light are those also seen in icons of the Transfiguration, the Resurrection and the Last Judgment. One might further note that in some icons of the Dormition the Theotokos is depicted at the top of the icon in a similar aureola before the opening gates of | 9,688 |
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heaven. This suggests that contemporary accounts of the deaths of the Desert Fathers accompanied by sudden burst of light came to influence the development of the iconography of the Dormition.
## Catholic art.
The Dormition is known as the Death of the Virgin in Catholic art, where it is a reasonably common subject, mostly drawing on Byzantine models, until the end of the Middle Ages. The "Death of the Virgin" by Caravaggio, of 1606, is probably the last famous Western painting of the subject.
# Transliterations and translations.
The comparative forms of the term for "Dormition of the Mother of God" appears in virtually all Catholic and Orthodox nations and languages including , "Koímēsis | 9,689 |
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Theotokou" often anglicized as "Kimisis;" Bulgarian: Успение на Пресвета Богородица, "Uspenie na Presveta Bogoroditsa", Russian: Успение Пресвятыя Богородицы, "Uspenie Presvetia Bogoroditsi", Serbian: Успење Пресвете Богородице, "Uspenje Presvete Bogorodice", Georgian: მიძინება ყოვლადწმიდისა ღვთისმშობელისა, Albanian: Fjetja e Shën Marisë.
# See also.
- Assumption of Mary
- Assumption Cathedral – many cathedrals, especially in Russia, are dedicated to this feast.
- Death of the Virgin – the same subject in Western art
# External links.
- Full liturgical and hymnographic texts and readings for the Feast of the Dormition of the Theotokos
- Service of the Burial / Lamentations of the Theotokos, | 9,690 |
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of the Virgin – the same subject in Western art
# External links.
- Full liturgical and hymnographic texts and readings for the Feast of the Dormition of the Theotokos
- Service of the Burial / Lamentations of the Theotokos, forming part of the Feast of the Dormition
- The Dormition of our Most Holy Lady the Mother of God and Ever-Virgin Mary—Orthodox icon and synaxarion
- Icons of the Feast of Dormition
- Icons of the Dormition
- Dormition article on "Orthodox Wiki"
- Epitaphios of the Theotokos Russia
- Celebrating Dormition in the Holy Land Jerusalem
- Translation of the Dormition Icon of the Mother of God from Constantinople to the Kiev Caves, Far Caves (Feast celebrated May 3) | 9,691 |
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List of cities in Turkmenistan
This is a list of the main towns and cities in Turkmenistan. For a full list of settlements see the list of cities, towns and villages in Turkmenistan.
# List.
## Main cities.
All figures are accurate as of 2010 (estimate), and provincial capitals are shown in bold.
## Other cities.
- Bekibent
- Bokurdak
- Bygdaili
- Burdalyk
- Çarşaňňy
- Çagyl
- Çeşme
- Darganata
- Davaly
- Derweze
- Djachev
- Ekezhe
- Esenguly
- Garryqala
- Gyshgy
- Gyzyletrek
- Jasga
- Karabogazkel
- Lekker
- Ogryda
- Repatek
- Serakhs
- Shasenem
- Tagtabazar
- Uchadzhy
- Ýerbent
# See also.
- List of renamed cities in Turkmenistan
- List of cities, towns and | 9,692 |
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stan
This is a list of the main towns and cities in Turkmenistan. For a full list of settlements see the list of cities, towns and villages in Turkmenistan.
# List.
## Main cities.
All figures are accurate as of 2010 (estimate), and provincial capitals are shown in bold.
## Other cities.
- Bekibent
- Bokurdak
- Bygdaili
- Burdalyk
- Çarşaňňy
- Çagyl
- Çeşme
- Darganata
- Davaly
- Derweze
- Djachev
- Ekezhe
- Esenguly
- Garryqala
- Gyshgy
- Gyzyletrek
- Jasga
- Karabogazkel
- Lekker
- Ogryda
- Repatek
- Serakhs
- Shasenem
- Tagtabazar
- Uchadzhy
- Ýerbent
# See also.
- List of renamed cities in Turkmenistan
- List of cities, towns and villages in Turkmenistan | 9,693 |
343395 | List of cities and towns in Venezuela | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20and%20towns%20in%20Venezuela | List of cities and towns in Venezuela
List of cities and towns in Venezuela
This is a list of cities, towns and communities in Venezuela. The state capitals are marked with a *.
# See also.
- List of cities in Venezuela by population, a list that only includes cities with no less than 100,000 residents in order of population size (instead of alphabetical order).
- Demographics of Venezuela
- Subdivisions of Venezuela
- List of states of Venezuela by area and population
# References.
- Largest cities in Venezuela
- Instituto Nacional de Estadística - Publicaciones/Demografica/Cuadro3 | 9,694 |
343397 | List of cities and towns in Zambia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20and%20towns%20in%20Zambia | List of cities and towns in Zambia
List of cities and towns in Zambia
This is a list of cities, towns, villages and missions in Zambia.
# Cities in Zambia.
~Other cities~
- Chililabombwe
- Solwezi
# Towns, villages and missions.
- Chadiza
- Chama
- Chambeshi
- Chavuma
- Chembe
- Chibombo
- Chiengi
- Chilubi
- Chinsali
- Chinyingi
- Chirundu
- Chisamba
- Choma
- Gwembe
- Isoka
- Kabompo
- Kafue
- Kafulwe
- Kalabo
- Kalene Hill
- Kalomo
- Kalulushi
- Kanyembo
- Kaoma
- Kapiri Mposhi
- Kasempa
- Kashikishi
- Kataba
- Katete
- Kawambwa
- Kazembe (Mwansabombwe)
- Kazungula
- Kibombomene
- Luangwa
- Lufwanyama
- Lukulu
- Lundazi
- Macha Mission
- Makeni
- Maliti
- Mansa
- Mazabuka
- Mbala
- | 9,695 |
343397 | List of cities and towns in Zambia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20and%20towns%20in%20Zambia | List of cities and towns in Zambia
- Kaoma
- Kapiri Mposhi
- Kasempa
- Kashikishi
- Kataba
- Katete
- Kawambwa
- Kazembe (Mwansabombwe)
- Kazungula
- Kibombomene
- Luangwa
- Lufwanyama
- Lukulu
- Lundazi
- Macha Mission
- Makeni
- Maliti
- Mansa
- Mazabuka
- Mbala
- Mbereshi
- Mfuwe
- Milenge
- Misisi
- Mkushi
- Mongu
- Monze
- Mpika
- Mporokoso
- Mpulungu
- Mumbwa
- Muyombe
- Mwinilunga
- Nchelenge
- Ngoma
- Nkana
- Nseluka
- Pemba
- Petauke
- Samfya
- Senanga
- Serenje
- Sesheke
- Shiwa Ngandu
- Siavonga
- Sikalongo
- Sinazongwe
- Zambezi
- Zimba
# See also.
- Provinces of Zambia
- List of cities by country
- List of Zambia-related topics
- List of cities in East Africa | 9,696 |
343399 | List of cities and towns in Zimbabwe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20and%20towns%20in%20Zimbabwe | List of cities and towns in Zimbabwe
List of cities and towns in Zimbabwe
This is a list of cities, towns and villages in Zimbabwe. See also: Place names in Zimbabwe.
# Manicaland.
- Penhalonga
# See also.
- List of cities in East Africa
- List of rivers of Zimbabwe | 9,697 |
343403 | Bonsai (software) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bonsai%20(software) | Bonsai (software)
Bonsai (software)
Bonsai is a web-based CVS repository browser designed for large programming projects. It was initially developed to fill the Mozilla project's need for good tools to allow multiple developers to edit its extremely large codebase.
# Features.
Among other features, Bonsai allows complex queries to be performed, as well as near real-time updates of check-ins to the CVS server. Bonsai is released under the Mozilla Public License, and is thus free software.
# History.
Bonsai was founded by Terry Weissman. It was first written in Tcl, then later ported to the Perl programming language. It still uses Perl, but runs off a MySQL database, and can be served using any Perl aware webserver, | 9,698 |
343403 | Bonsai (software) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bonsai%20(software) | Bonsai (software)
sitory browser designed for large programming projects. It was initially developed to fill the Mozilla project's need for good tools to allow multiple developers to edit its extremely large codebase.
# Features.
Among other features, Bonsai allows complex queries to be performed, as well as near real-time updates of check-ins to the CVS server. Bonsai is released under the Mozilla Public License, and is thus free software.
# History.
Bonsai was founded by Terry Weissman. It was first written in Tcl, then later ported to the Perl programming language. It still uses Perl, but runs off a MySQL database, and can be served using any Perl aware webserver, such as Apache.
# See also.
- ViewVC | 9,699 |
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