wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
had Liu assassinated and blamed Liu's brother Liu Gang (劉剛), the Marquess of Li. Several judges who were unafraid of Dou Xian, however, carried out a thorough investigation, and Dou Xian's involvement was discovered. Empress Dowager Dou was enraged, and she put Dou Xian under arrest, and Dou Xian offe... | 9,500 |
343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
Empress Dowager Dou permitted him to be. He had another major victory over the North Xiongnu in 91, essentially wiping North Xiongnu out as a political entity. As a result, Dou Xian so dominated the government that all dissenting officials faced the threat of demotion or even death.
# The coup d'etat... | 9,501 |
343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
some of the Dous' relatives (but not the Dous themselves) had considered murdering the emperor. (The utter lack of motive, however, has led modern historians to generally discredit this assertion.) Emperor He, fearful of being murdered, planned along with Zheng and Liu Qing to destroy the Dous' power.... | 9,502 |
343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
were executed. An imperial messenger was sent to seize Dou Xian's seal as the commander of the armed forces. All of the empress dowager's brothers were sent back to their march but under close guard—the emperor wanted to execute them but did not want to do so publicly, so once they returned to their m... | 9,503 |
343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
of his, as did Zheng—which started an escalating trend of eunuchs being involved with government matters, lasting for the rest of the Eastern Han Dynasty; in fact, in 102, Zheng was created marquess, in an unprecedented action. In the aftermaths of the coup d'état, innumerable officials accused of bei... | 9,504 |
343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
Soviet central Asia) campaigns. In 97, Ban Chao would send his assistant Gan Ying (甘英) (Kan Ying) on a mission to the Roman Empire—but Gan would turn back after reaching an unnamed shore in the Parthian Empire, which might have been the shore of the Persian Gulf—without reaching Rome. In 102, after Ba... | 9,505 |
343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
the abilities of his father and grandfather in actively doing what is good for the people.
In 97, Empress Dowager Dou died. It was only at this time that officials revealed to Emperor He that he was born of Consort Liang. He sought out her brothers and honored them with powerful posts—and from this p... | 9,506 |
343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
her brothers with minor posts.)
## Issues with the Qiang.
Qiang rebellions — a persistent problem for the Eastern Han - also took place during Emperor He's reign. (They had first started during his father Emperor Zhang's reign, but were not a major problem until his reign.) In 92, when the official ... | 9,507 |
343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
own, but Mitang was not captured and remained a threat. After Guan's death, his successor Shi Chong (史充), indeed, would suffer major losses against Mitang. Mitang, however, would eventually surrender in 98 after running out of allies, and Emperor He in fact received Mitang in an official audience that... | 9,508 |
343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
favorites, Consort Yin—who came from the noble lineage of a brother of Emperor Guangwu's wife, Empress Yin Lihua—empress. She was described as beautiful but short and clumsy, and also jealous. In particular, she became jealous of another of Emperor He's favorites, Consort Deng Sui, who also came from ... | 9,509 |
343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
considered committing suicide, and one of her ladies in waiting saved her by falsely telling her that the emperor had recovered. However, the emperor did soon recover, so Consort Deng and her family escaped a terrible fate.
In 102, Empress Yin and her grandmother, Deng Zhu (鄧朱), were accused of using... | 9,510 |
343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
empress. While she was empress, she constantly rejected Emperor He's offers to promote her brothers, so they did not have much power during Emperor He's reign.
## Death and succession problems.
Empress Deng and all of the imperial consorts were sonless for a long time. (Emperor He was described to h... | 9,511 |
343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
other brothers' early deaths, so both were given to foster parents.
In 106, Emperor He died. At that time, Liu Sheng, the older son, was still young (but actual age is not recorded in history) and believed to be constantly ill. The younger, Liu Long, was only 100 days old. Both were welcomed back to ... | 9,512 |
343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
but made Prince Qing's son Liu Hu (劉祜) emperor, as Emperor An.
# Era names.
- "Yongyuan" (永元 py. yǒng yuán) 89–105
- "Yuanxing" (元興 py. yuán xìng) 105
# Family.
- Parents:
- Liu Da, Emperor Xiaozhang (; 57–88)
- Empress Gonghuai, of the Liang clan (; 61–83)
- Consorts and Issue:
- Empress, of... | 9,513 |
343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
iaozhang (; 57–88)
- Empress Gonghuai, of the Liang clan (; 61–83)
- Consorts and Issue:
- Empress, of the Yin clan (; 80–102), third cousin
- Empress Hexi, of the Deng clan (; 81–121), third cousin once removed, personal name Sui ()
- Unknown
- Liu Sheng, Prince Huai of Pingyuan (; d. 114), fir... | 9,514 |
343346 | Emperor Shang of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20Shang%20of%20Han | Emperor Shang of Han
Emperor Shang of Han
Emperor Shang of Han (; early 105 – 21 September 106) was an infant emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty and the fifth emperor of the Eastern Han.
The Empress Dowager Deng placed him on the throne when he was barely over 100 days old, despite his having an older brother, Liu Sh... | 9,515 |
343346 | Emperor Shang of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20Shang%20of%20Han | Emperor Shang of Han
Empress Dowager Deng during this reign shed light on bureaucratic inefficiency.
# Early life.
Then-Prince Long was born in autumn 105 to Emperor He and a concubine whose identity is unknown. Because Emperor He had, during his reign, frequently lost sons due to illnesses in childhood, according to... | 9,516 |
343346 | Emperor Shang of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20Shang%20of%20Han | Emperor Shang of Han
The same night, he was proclaimed emperor with Empress Deng as Empress Dowager.
# Reign.
After Emperor Shang was proclaimed emperor, his brother Prince Sheng was created the Prince of Pingyuan.
Concerned that Emperor Shang might not live long, Empress Dowager Deng also kept Liu Hu, the twelve-ye... | 9,517 |
343346 | Emperor Shang of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20Shang%20of%20Han | Emperor Shang of Han
an infant, actual and formal power were in Empress Deng's hands. Her brother Deng Zhi (鄧騭) became the most powerful official in the imperial government. She issued a general pardon, which benefitted the people who had had rights stripped from them for associating with the family of Empress Dou.
##... | 9,518 |
343346 | Emperor Shang of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20Shang%20of%20Han | Emperor Shang of Han
older brother, was not as ill as originally thought, and wanted to make him emperor. However, Empress Dowager Deng was concerned that he might bear a grudge at not being made emperor before his brother, and therefore insisted on making Emperor Shang's cousin Prince Hu emperor instead, and he took t... | 9,519 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
Constructible universe
In mathematics, in set theory, the constructible universe (or Gödel's constructible universe), denoted L, is a particular class of sets that can be described entirely in terms of simpler sets. L is the union of the constructible hierarchy L. It was introduced by Kurt Gödel... | 9,520 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
is consistent. Since many other theorems only hold in systems in which one or both of the propositions is true, their consistency is an important result.
# What L is.
L can be thought of as being built in "stages" resembling the von Neumann universe, V. The stages are indexed by ordinals. In vo... | 9,521 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
limiting oneself to sets defined only in terms of what has already been constructed, one ensures that the resulting sets will be constructed in a way that is independent of the peculiarities of the surrounding model of set theory and contained in any such model.
Define
L is defined by transfini... | 9,522 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
class.
The elements of L are called "constructible" sets; and L itself is the "constructible universe". The "axiom of constructibility", aka "V=L", says that every set (of V) is constructible, i.e. in L.
# Additional facts about the sets L.
An equivalent definition for L is:
For any finite or... | 9,523 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
if α is inaccessible. More generally, V equals L implies H equals L for all infinite cardinals α.
If α is an infinite ordinal then there is a bijection between L and α, and the bijection is constructible. So these sets are equinumerous in any model of set theory that includes them.
As defined a... | 9,524 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
makes no reference to definability.
All arithmetical subsets of ω and relations on ω belong to L (because the arithmetic definition gives one in L). Conversely, any subset of ω belonging to L is arithmetical (because elements of L can be coded by natural numbers in such a way that ∈ is definable... | 9,525 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
is hyperarithmetical.
# L is a standard inner model of ZFC.
L is a standard model, i.e. it is a transitive class and it uses the real element relationship, so it is well-founded. L is an inner model, i.e. it contains all the ordinal numbers of V and it has no "extra" sets beyond those in V, but... | 9,526 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
Axiom of union: For any set x there is a set y whose elements are precisely the elements of the elements of x.
- Axiom of infinity: There exists a set x such that {} is in x and whenever y is in x, so is the union y U {y}.
- Axiom of separation: Given any set S and any proposition P(x,z...,z), ... | 9,527 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
sets, there is a set y (a choice set for x) containing exactly one element from each member of x.
Notice that the proof that L is a model of ZFC only requires that V be a model of ZF, i.e. we do NOT assume that the axiom of choice holds in V.
# L is absolute and minimal.
If W is any standard m... | 9,528 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
of ZF. Indeed, L is the intersection of all such classes.
If there is a "set" W in V that is a standard model of ZF, and the ordinal κ is the set of ordinals that occur in W, then L is the L of W. If there is a set that is a standard model of ZF, then the smallest such set is such a L. This set ... | 9,529 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
element relation and they are not well founded.
Because both the L of L and the V of L are the real L and both the L of L and the V of L are the real L, we get that V=L is true in L and in any L that is a model of ZF. However, V=L does not hold in any other standard model of ZF.
## L and large ... | 9,530 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
become strongly inaccessible. Weakly Mahlo cardinals become strongly Mahlo. And more generally, any large cardinal property weaker than 0 (see the list of large cardinal properties) will be retained in L.
However, 0 is false in L even if true in V. So all the large cardinals whose existence impl... | 9,531 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
than 0 in L. Furthermore, any strictly increasing class function from the class of indiscernibles to itself can be extended in a unique way to an elementary embedding of L into L. This gives L a nice structure of repeating segments.
# L can be well-ordered.
There are various ways of well-orderi... | 9,532 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
xy. If x first appears in L and y first appears in L and β is different from α, then let xy if and only if αβ. Henceforth, we suppose that β=α.
The stage L = Def (L) uses formulas with parameters from L to define the sets x and y. If one discounts (for the moment) the parameters, the formulas ca... | 9,533 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
sequence of parameters that can be used with Φ to define x, and w...,w does the same for y. Then let xlexicographic ordering; if there are multiple sequences of parameters that define one of the sets, we choose the least one under this ordering. It being understood that each parameter's possible ... | 9,534 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
Gödel numbers) of well-orderings. And L is well-ordered by the ordered sum (indexed by α) of the orderings on L.
Notice that this well-ordering can be defined within L itself by a formula of set theory with no parameters, only the free-variables x and y. And this formula gives the same truth val... | 9,535 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
which is more powerful than the ordinary axiom of choice because it also covers proper classes of non-empty sets.
# L has a reflection principle.
Proving that the axiom of separation, axiom of replacement, and axiom of choice hold in L requires (at least as shown above) the use of a reflection ... | 9,536 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
hypothesis holds in L.
Let formula_12, and let "T" be any constructible subset of "S". Then there is some β with formula_13, so formula_14, for some formula Φ and some formula_15 drawn from formula_16. By the downward Löwenheim–Skolem theorem and Mostowski collapse, there must be some transitive... | 9,537 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
So "T" is in fact in formula_29.
So all the constructible subsets of an infinite set "S" have ranks with (at most) the same cardinal κ as the rank of "S"; it follows that if α is the initial ordinal for κ, then formula_30 serves as the "power set" of "S" within "L". And this in turn means that t... | 9,538 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
the definition of each constructible set. If s∈L, then s = {y|y∈L and Φ(y,z...,z) holds in (L,∈)} for some formula Φ and some z...,z in L. This is equivalent to saying that: for all y, y∈s if and only if [there exists X such that X=L and y∈X and Ψ(X,y,z...,z)] where Ψ(X...) is the result of restr... | 9,539 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
formula:br
formula_31,br
where formula_32 is short for:br
formula_33br
Actually, even this complex formula has been simplified from what the instructions given in the first paragraph would yield. But the point remains, there is a formula of set theory that is true only for the desired constru... | 9,540 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
is the intersection of all classes that are standard models of set theory and contain A and all the ordinals.
L(A) is defined by transfinite recursion as follows:
- L(A) = the smallest transitive set containing A as an element, i.e. the transitive closure of {A}.
- L(A) = Def (L(A))
- If λ is... | 9,541 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
construction is influenced by A, where A may be a (presumably non-constructible) set or a proper class. The definition of this class uses Def (X), which is the same as Def (X) except instead of evaluating the truth of formulas Φ in the model (X,∈), one uses the model (X,∈,A) where A is a unary pr... | 9,542 |
343335 | Constructible universe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constructible%20universe | Constructible universe
of formulas Φ in the model (X,∈), one uses the model (X,∈,A) where A is a unary predicate. The intended interpretation of A(y) is y∈A. Then the definition of L[A] is exactly that of L only with Def replaced by Def.
L[A] is always a model of the axiom of choice. Even if A is a set, A is not neces... | 9,543 |
343344 | High-altitude military parachuting | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-altitude%20military%20parachuting | High-altitude military parachuting
High-altitude military parachuting
High-altitude military parachuting (or military free fall (MFF)) is a method of delivering military personnel, military equipment, and other military supplies from a transport aircraft at a high altitude via free-fall parachute insertion. Two techni... | 9,544 |
343344 | High-altitude military parachuting | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-altitude%20military%20parachuting | High-altitude military parachuting
uses, in recent years HALO parachute designs have been more widely used in non-military applications, including as a form of skydiving.
In military operations, HALO is also used for delivering equipment, supplies, or personnel, while HAHO is generally used exclusively for personnel. ... | 9,545 |
343344 | High-altitude military parachuting | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-altitude%20military%20parachuting | High-altitude military parachuting
used himself in rocket sled tests to study the effects of very high g-forces. Stapp also solved many of the problems of high-altitude flight in his earliest work for the Air Force and subjected himself to exposure to altitudes of up to . He later helped develop pressure suits and ejec... | 9,546 |
343344 | High-altitude military parachuting | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-altitude%20military%20parachuting | High-altitude military parachuting
War in Laos by members of MACV-SOG. SEAL Team Six of the United States Navy expanded the HALO technique to include delivery of boats and other large items.
The technique is used to airdrop supplies, equipment, or personnel at high altitudes, where aircraft can fly above surface-to-ai... | 9,547 |
343344 | High-altitude military parachuting | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-altitude%20military%20parachuting | High-altitude military parachuting
zone.
In a typical HALO exercise, the parachutist will jump from the aircraft, free-fall for a period of time at terminal velocity, and open their parachute at an altitude as low as 3,000 feet AGL depending on the mission. The combination of high downward speed, minimal forward airsp... | 9,548 |
343344 | High-altitude military parachuting | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-altitude%20military%20parachuting | High-altitude military parachuting
employed in the covert insertion of military personnel (generally special operations forces) into enemy territory, in circumstances where the covert nature of an operation may be compromised by the loud noise of parachutes opening at low altitude.
HAHO jumps also allow a longer trave... | 9,549 |
343344 | High-altitude military parachuting | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-altitude%20military%20parachuting | High-altitude military parachuting
terrain features to navigate to their desired landing zone, and correct their course to account for changes in wind speed and direction. If deploying as a team, the team will form up in a stack while airborne with their parachutes. Usually, the jumper in the lowest position will set t... | 9,550 |
343344 | High-altitude military parachuting | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-altitude%20military%20parachuting | High-altitude military parachuting
altitudes (greater than 22,000 feet, or 6,700 m), the partial pressure of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere is low. Oxygen is required for human respiration and lack of pressure can lead to hypoxia. Also, rapid ascent in the jump aircraft without all nitrogen flushed from the bloodstre... | 9,551 |
343344 | High-altitude military parachuting | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-altitude%20military%20parachuting | High-altitude military parachuting
smoking, alcohol and drug use (including histamine antagonists, sedatives, and analgesics), anemia, carbon monoxide, fatigue and anxiety can all lead to a jumper being more susceptible to hypoxia. In addition, problems with the oxygen bottle and during the changeover from the pre-brea... | 9,552 |
343344 | High-altitude military parachuting | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-altitude%20military%20parachuting | High-altitude military parachuting
joints.
Another risk is from the low ambient temperatures prevalent at higher altitudes. At an altitude of 35,000 feet, the jumper faces temperatures of –45 °C (–50 °F), and can experience frostbite. However, HALO jumpers generally wear polypropylene knit undergarments and other warm... | 9,553 |
343344 | High-altitude military parachuting | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-altitude%20military%20parachuting | High-altitude military parachuting
2001, a small team of U.S. troops from the 75th Ranger Regiment Regimental Reconnaissance Company freefall parachuted into Afghanistan in order to establish a landing strip.
- In 2002, U.S. Air Force pararescue jumpers conducted a high altitude low opening jump in Afghanistan as a me... | 9,554 |
343344 | High-altitude military parachuting | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-altitude%20military%20parachuting | High-altitude military parachuting
in order to reach the USS "Bainbridge" which was towing a lifeboat containing Philips' hostage takers.
- In 2012, Navy SEALs used the technique to insert into Somalia to rescue two hostages being held by pirates near the town of Adow.
- Tom Cruise became the first actor to perform a... | 9,555 |
343344 | High-altitude military parachuting | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-altitude%20military%20parachuting | High-altitude military parachuting
US Air Force. United States of America.
- McManners, Hugh (2003), Ultimate Special Forces, pub Dorling Kindersley https://web.archive.org/web/20070927043005/http://doi.contentdirections.com/mr/dk.jsp?doi=10.1221%2F0789499738
- US Army Infantry School (November 1, 1995). Lesson 3: Ai... | 9,556 |
343344 | High-altitude military parachuting | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High-altitude%20military%20parachuting | High-altitude military parachuting
ey https://web.archive.org/web/20070927043005/http://doi.contentdirections.com/mr/dk.jsp?doi=10.1221%2F0789499738
- US Army Infantry School (November 1, 1995). Lesson 3: Airlift Requests and Personnel Used in Airborne. "Fundamentals of Airborne Operations, Edition B". US Army Infantr... | 9,557 |
343333 | Cotentin Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cotentin%20Peninsula | Cotentin Peninsula
Cotentin Peninsula
The Cotentin Peninsula (, ; ), also known as the Cherbourg Peninsula, is a peninsula in Normandy that forms part of the northwest coast of France. It extends north-westward into the English Channel, towards Great Britain. To its west lie the Channel Islands and to the southwest li... | 9,558 |
343333 | Cotentin Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cotentin%20Peninsula | Cotentin Peninsula
(the Plain), and the valley of the Saire River (Val de Saire). It forms the bulk of the department of Manche. Its southern part, known as "le Marais" (the Marshlands), crosses from east to west from just north west of Saint Lo and east of Lessay and marks a natural border with the rest of Manche.
Th... | 9,559 |
343333 | Cotentin Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cotentin%20Peninsula | Cotentin Peninsula
stone in France is found in outcroppings on the coast of Cap de la Hague, at the tip of the peninsula.
Cotentin was almost an island at one time. Only a small strip of land in the heath of Lessay connected the peninsula with the mainland. Thanks to the so-called "portes à flot" (), which close at fl... | 9,560 |
343333 | Cotentin Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cotentin%20Peninsula | Cotentin Peninsula
Roman Armorica.
The peninsula formed part of the Roman geographical area of Armorica. The town known today as Coutances, capital of the Unelli, a Gaulish tribe, acquired the name of "Constantia" in 298 during the reign of Roman emperor Constantius Chlorus. The base of the peninsula, called in Latin ... | 9,561 |
343333 | Cotentin Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cotentin%20Peninsula | Cotentin Peninsula
on the Norsemen. As the result of his conquests, the Cotentin Peninsula was included theoretically in the territory of the Duchy of Brittany, after the Treaty of Compiègne (867) with the king of the Franks. The Dukes of Brittany suffered continuing Norse invasions and Norman raids, and Brittany lost ... | 9,562 |
343333 | Cotentin Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cotentin%20Peninsula | Cotentin Peninsula
part of Normandy in the early tenth century. Many placenames there are derived from the Norse language. Examples include La Hague, from "hagi" ("meadow" or "enclosure"), and La Hougue, from "haugr" ("hill" or "mound"). Other names are typical: all those ending with "-tot" (Quettetot..) from "topt" "s... | 9,563 |
343333 | Cotentin Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cotentin%20Peninsula | Cotentin Peninsula
War, King Edward III of England landed in the bay of La Hogue, and then came to the Church of Quettehou in Val de Saire. It was there that Edward III knighted his son Edward, the Black Prince. A remembrance plaque can be seen next to the altar.
## Modern history.
The naval Battle of La Hogue in 169... | 9,564 |
343333 | Cotentin Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cotentin%20Peninsula | Cotentin Peninsula
Battle of Normandy in World War II.
During World War II, part of the 1944 Battle of Normandy was fought in the Cotentin. The westernmost part of the D-Day landings was at Utah Beach, on the southeastern coast of the peninsula, and was followed by a campaign to occupy the peninsula and take Cherbourg... | 9,565 |
343333 | Cotentin Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cotentin%20Peninsula | Cotentin Peninsula
Reactor in the world is being constructed, with commissioning delayed to 2016 or later. COGEMA La Hague site, a large nuclear waste reprocessing and storage complex operated by Areva NC, is located a few miles to the north, at Beaumont-Hague. The facility stores all high level waste from the French n... | 9,566 |
343333 | Cotentin Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cotentin%20Peninsula | Cotentin Peninsula
bay of Vauville; however, the emitted radioactivity is several orders of magnitude below natural background levels and does not pose any hazard.
There are two important naval shipyards in Cherbourg. The state-owned shipyard DCNS has built French nuclear submarines since the 1960s. Privately owned CM... | 9,567 |
343333 | Cotentin Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cotentin%20Peninsula | Cotentin Peninsula
de la Mer" in Cherbourg is a museum of oceanic and underseas subjects. The main attraction is "Redoutable", the first French nuclear submarine, launched in 1967.
# Culture.
After quitting political life, the political thinker Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859) retreated to the family estate of Tocqu... | 9,568 |
343333 | Cotentin Peninsula | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cotentin%20Peninsula | Cotentin Peninsula
ng strongholds of the Norman language, and the local dialect is known as Cotentinais. The Norman language poet Côtis-Capel (1915-1986) described the environment of the peninsula, while French language poet Jacques Prévert made his home at Omonville-la-Petite. The painter Jean-François Millet (1814-18... | 9,569 |
343353 | List of cities and towns in Andorra | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20and%20towns%20in%20Andorra | List of cities and towns in Andorra
List of cities and towns in Andorra
This is a list of cities, towns and villages in Andorra. The country, divided into 7 parishes, counts 44 official statistical "poblacions" (i.e.: towns and villages) and other villages.
# List.
1. Les Escaldes and Engordany are former villages a... | 9,570 |
343354 | List of cities and towns in Angola | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20and%20towns%20in%20Angola | List of cities and towns in Angola
List of cities and towns in Angola
This is a list of cities and towns in Angola.
# References.
- City Population: Angola | 9,571 |
343355 | Municipalities of Armenia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Municipalities%20of%20Armenia | Municipalities of Armenia
Municipalities of Armenia
A municipality in Armenia referred to as community ( "hamaynk", plural: "hamaynkner"), is an administrative subdivision consisting of a settlement ( "bnakavayr") or a group of settlements ( "bnakavayrer") that enjoys local self-government. The settlements are classif... | 9,572 |
343355 | Municipalities of Armenia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Municipalities%20of%20Armenia | Municipalities of Armenia
-including Yerevan- of which 46 are urban and 457 are rural. The capital, Yerevan, also has the status of a community.
Each municipality bears the same name as its administrative centre, with the exception of 7 municipalities, of which 4 are located in Shirak Province (Ani Municipality with i... | 9,573 |
343355 | Municipalities of Armenia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Municipalities%20of%20Armenia | Municipalities of Armenia
Shatin).
Here is a list of the municipalities of Armenia as of January 2018, classified by province and type:
# Aragatsotn Province.
Aragatsotn Province is currently divided into 72 municipal communities, of which 3 are urban and 69 are rural:
Rural communities and included settlements:
-... | 9,574 |
343355 | Municipalities of Armenia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Municipalities%20of%20Armenia | Municipalities of Armenia
Hatsashen
- Irind
- Kakavadzor
- Kanch
- Karbi
- Karmrashen
- Katnaghbyur
- Kosh
- Lernarot
- Mastara
- Dzoragyugh
- Melikgyugh
- Metsadzor
- Nerkin Bazmaberd
- Nerkin Sasnashen
- Nor Amanos
- Nor Artik
- Nor Yedesia
- Ohanavan
- Orgov
- Oshakan
- Otevan
- Parpi
- Partiz... | 9,575 |
343355 | Municipalities of Armenia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Municipalities%20of%20Armenia | Municipalities of Armenia
Ararat Province.
Ararat Province is currently divided into 95 municipal communities, of which 4 are urban and 91 are rural:
Rural communities and included settlements:
- Abovyan
- Araksavan
- Aralez
- Ararat
- Arbat
- Arevabuyr
- Argavand
- Arevshat
- Armash
- Avshar
- Aygepat
- ... | 9,576 |
343355 | Municipalities of Armenia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Municipalities%20of%20Armenia | Municipalities of Armenia
Khachpar
- Lanjar
- Lanjazat
- Lusarat
- Lusashogh
- Marmarashen
- Masis
- Mkhchyan
- Mrganush
- Mrgavan
- Mrgavet
- Narek
- Nizami
- Nor Kharberd
- Nor Kyank
- Nor Kyurin
- Nor Ughi
- Norabats
- Noramarg
- Norashen
- Noyakert
- Nshavan
- Paruyr Sevak
- Tigranashen
- Po... | 9,577 |
343355 | Municipalities of Armenia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Municipalities%20of%20Armenia | Municipalities of Armenia
94 are rural:
Rural communities and included settlements:
- Aghavnatun
- Aknalich
- Aknashen
- Alashkert
- Amasia
- Amberd
- Apaga
- Aragats
- Araks (Armavir)
- Araks (Vagharshapat)
- Aratashen
- Arazap
- Arevadasht
- Arevashat
- Arevik
- Argavand
- Argina
- Armavir
- Arsha... | 9,578 |
343355 | Municipalities of Armenia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Municipalities%20of%20Armenia | Municipalities of Armenia
Khanjyan
- Khoronk
- Koghbavan
- Lenughi
- Lernagog
- Lernamerdz
- Lukashin
- Lusagyugh
- Margara
- Mayisyan
- Merdzavan
- Metsamor
- Mrgastan
- Mrgashat
- Musaler
- Myasnikyan
- Nalbandyan
- Norakert
- Nor Armavir
- Nor Artagers
- Nor Kesaria
- Norapat
- Noravan
- Parak... | 9,579 |
343355 | Municipalities of Armenia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Municipalities%20of%20Armenia | Municipalities of Armenia
urban and 52 are rural.
Rural communities and included settlements:
- Akhpradzor
- Akunk
- Artsvanist
- Astghadzor
- Berdkunk
- Chkalovka
- Ddmashen
- Dzoragyugh
- Gandzak
- Geghakar
- Geghamasar Municipality, centre: Sotk
- Areguni
- Arpunk
- Avazan
- Azat
- Daranak
- Gegham... | 9,580 |
343355 | Municipalities of Armenia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Municipalities%20of%20Armenia | Municipalities of Armenia
Sarukhan
- Semyonovka
- Shoghakat
- Aghberk
- Artanish
- Drakhtik
- Jil
- Tsapatagh
- Torfavan
- Tsaghkashen
- Tsaghkunk
- Tsakkar
- Tsovagyugh
- Tsovasar
- Tsovazard
- Tsovak
- Tsovinar
- Vaghashen
- Vanevan
- Vardadzor
- Vardenik
- Varser
- Verin Getashen
- Yeranos
- ... | 9,581 |
343355 | Municipalities of Armenia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Municipalities%20of%20Armenia | Municipalities of Armenia
Province.
Syunik Province is currently divided into 8 municipal communities, of which 5 are urban, and 3 are rural:
# Tavush Province.
Tavush Province is currently divided into 24 municipal communities, of which 5 are urban, and 19 are rural:
# Vayots Dzor Province.
Vayots Dzor Province i... | 9,582 |
343355 | Municipalities of Armenia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Municipalities%20of%20Armenia | Municipalities of Armenia
yunik Province is currently divided into 8 municipal communities, of which 5 are urban, and 3 are rural:
# Tavush Province.
Tavush Province is currently divided into 24 municipal communities, of which 5 are urban, and 19 are rural:
# Vayots Dzor Province.
Vayots Dzor Province is currently ... | 9,583 |
343356 | List of cities in Azerbaijan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Azerbaijan | List of cities in Azerbaijan
List of cities in Azerbaijan
This is a list of cities in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan is a country in the South Caucasus region, situated at the crossroads of Southwest Asia and Southeastern Europe. In total, Azerbaijan has 77 cities (including 12 Federal-level cities), 64 smaller -class cities,... | 9,584 |
343356 | List of cities in Azerbaijan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Azerbaijan | List of cities in Azerbaijan
Fuzuli
- Gadabay
- Ganja
- Goranboy
- Goychay
- Goygol, formerly Khanlar (Xanlar)
- Hajigabul
- Imishli
- Ismailli
- Jabrayil
- Julfa
- Kalbajar
- Karabakh
- Khachmaz
- Khojavend
- Khyrdalan
- Kurdamir
- Lankaran
- Lerik
- Masally
- Mingacevir
- Nakhichevan
- Naftalan
... | 9,585 |
343356 | List of cities in Azerbaijan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Azerbaijan | List of cities in Azerbaijan
hojavend
- Khyrdalan
- Kurdamir
- Lankaran
- Lerik
- Masally
- Mingacevir
- Nakhichevan
- Naftalan
- Neftchala
- Oguz
- Ordubad
- Qabala
- Qakh
- Qazakh
- Quba
- Qubadli
- Qusar
- Saatly
- Sabirabad
- Shakhbuz
- Shaki
- Shamakhy
- Shamkir
- Şərur
- Shirvan
- Siazan... | 9,586 |
343358 | List of cities in Chad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Chad | List of cities in Chad
List of cities in Chad
This is a list of cities and towns in Chad. In brackets there is the Arabic name of the city.
# Alphabetical list.
- Abéché (أبشي)
- Abou-Deïa (أبو ديا)
- Adé (أدي)
- Adré (أدري)
- Am Dam (أم دام)
- Amdjarass (أم جرس)
- Am Timan (أم تيمان)
- Aouzou (أوزو)
- Arad... | 9,587 |
343358 | List of cities in Chad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Chad | List of cities in Chad
(غوري)
- Goundi (غوندي)
- Gounou Gaya (غونو غايا)
- Goz Beïda (قوز بيدا)
- Guélengdeng (جليندينغ)
- Guéréda (غيريدا)
- Haraze (حراز)
- Iriba (هريبا)
- Kélo (كيلو)
- Koro Toro (كورو تورو)
- Koumra (قمرة)
- Kyabé (كيابي)
- Laï (لادي)
- Léré (ليري)
- Linia (لينيا)
- Mangalmé (مانقالم... | 9,588 |
343358 | List of cities in Chad | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Chad | List of cities in Chad
قالمي)
- Mao (ماو)
- Massaguet (مساقط)
- Massakory (ماساكوري)
- Massenya (ماسينيا)
- Melfi (ملفي)
- Moïssala (مويسالا)
- Moundou (ماوندو)
- Mongo (مونقو)
- Moussoro (موسورو)
- N'Djamena (انجامينا)
- Ngama (نجمة)
- Ouara (وارا)
- Oum Hadjer (أم هاجر)
- Pala (بالا)
- Sarh (ساره)
- Z... | 9,589 |
343361 | List of cities, towns and villages in East Timor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities,%20towns%20and%20villages%20in%20East%20Timor | List of cities, towns and villages in East Timor
List of cities, towns and villages in East Timor
This is a list of cities, towns, and villages in East Timor.
- Aileu District
- Aileu
- Ainaro District
- Ainaro
- Hato-Udo
- Maubara
- Baucau District
- Baguia
- Baucau 14,960
- Bucoli
- Quelicai
- Laga
- Ve... | 9,590 |
343361 | List of cities, towns and villages in East Timor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities,%20towns%20and%20villages%20in%20East%20Timor | List of cities, towns and villages in East Timor
- Cova Lima District
- Fatululik
- Fohoren
- Suai
- Tilomar
- Zumalai
- Dili District
- Dare
- Dili
- Metinaro
- Ermera District
- Atsabe
- Ermera
- Gleno
- Hatolina
- Lautém District
- Com
- Fuiloro
- Iliomar
- Laivai
- Lautém
- Lore
- Lospalos
- ... | 9,591 |
343362 | List of cities in El Salvador | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20El%20Salvador | List of cities in El Salvador
List of cities in El Salvador
This article shows a list of cities in El Salvador.
# Cities.
Over 100,000 or a High Human Development Index, and a high urbanization.
AMSS = San Salvador Metropolitan Area
- Acajutla - Pop. 47,678
- Apopa - Pop. 217,733 (AMSSIOO)
- Antiguo Cuscatlán - ... | 9,592 |
343362 | List of cities in El Salvador | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20El%20Salvador | List of cities in El Salvador
Pop. 280,000
- San Martin - Pop. 144,722 (AMSS)
- Sonsonate - Pop. 110,501
- Soyapango - Pop. 262,975 (AMSS)
# Towns.
Over 50,000, medium to low urbanization, or departmental capital.
- Ahuachapán - Pop. 110,511
- Chalatenango - Pop. 29,271
- Cojutepeque - Pop. 70,000
- Nejapa - P... | 9,593 |
343362 | List of cities in El Salvador | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20El%20Salvador | List of cities in El Salvador
d keeps the colonial look of the country.
- Alegria - Pop. 15,000
- Arambala - Pop. 1,821
- Apaneca - Pop. 8,597
- Berlín - Pop. 15,000
- Chirilagua - Pop. 24,000
- Comasagua - Pop. 11,870
- Conchagua - Pop. 37,362
- Concepción de Ataco - Pop. 18,101 - Tourist's favorite village.
... | 9,594 |
343363 | List of cities in The Gambia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20The%20Gambia | List of cities in The Gambia
List of cities in The Gambia
This is a list of cities and major towns in Gambia.
- Abuko 6,570
- Bakau
- Banjul
- Bansang
- Basse Santa Su
- Brikama
- Brufut
- Farafenni
- Gunjur
- Janjanbureh (Georgetown)
- Jufureh
- Kalagi
- Kanilai
- Kerewan
- Kololi
- Kuntaur
- Lamin (... | 9,595 |
343370 | List of cities in Jordan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Jordan | List of cities in Jordan
List of cities in Jordan
This article shows a list of cities in Jordan.
# List.
Cities and urban localities with a population are listed below.
# See also.
- Palestinian refugee camps in Jordan
- Zaatari refugee camp
- Mrajeeb Al Fhood refugee camp
- List of twin towns and sister cities... | 9,596 |
343371 | List of cities in Libya | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20in%20Libya | List of cities in Libya
List of cities in Libya
This is a list of the 100 largest populated places in Libya. Some places in the list could be considered suburbs or neighborhoods of some large cities in the list, so this list is not definitive.
# List.
"Source:Amraja M. el Khajkhaj, "Noumou al Mudon as Sagheera fi Li... | 9,597 |
343367 | List of cities and towns of Hungary | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20and%20towns%20of%20Hungary | List of cities and towns of Hungary
List of cities and towns of Hungary
Hungary has 3,152 localities as of July 1, 2009. 328 towns (Hungarian term: "város", plural: "városok"; the terminology doesn't distinguish between cities and towns – the term town is used in official translations) and 2,824 villages (Hungarian: "... | 9,598 |
343367 | List of cities and towns of Hungary | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List%20of%20cities%20and%20towns%20of%20Hungary | List of cities and towns of Hungary
have agglomerations, and the Hungarian Statistical Office distinguishes seventeen other areas in earlier stages of agglomeration development.
The largest city is the capital, Budapest, the smallest town is Pálháza with 1038 inhabitants (2010). The largest village is Solymár (populat... | 9,599 |
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