wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
|---|---|---|---|---|
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
margins for querying. Usually the copy editor is asked to write in a bright color, so the author and other parties can easily recognize the editor's changes.
## On-screen editing.
Every year, more editing projects are being done on computer and fewer in print. Also, if there is a digital version of a text the copyeditor is editing, they can more easily search words, run spellcheckers, and generate clean copies of messy pages. The first thing copyeditors must do when editing on-screen is to copy the author's files, as the original document must be preserved. Each word processing program provides various options for how an editor's markups are shown on screen and on the printout. On-screen editing | 9,400 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
mainly differs from hard-copy editing in the fact that the copyeditor should edit more cleanly on-screen, refraining from saving parts of words, and be careful in maintaining proper line spacing.
## Querying.
Copyeditors often need to query their authors in order to address questions, comments, or explanations: most of these can be done in the margins of the text, or the comment section when on-screen. The copyeditor must consider when to query and the length and tone of their queries, as querying too frequently or infrequently, cryptically, or sarcastically can result in a negative relationship between the copyeditor and the author.
# Goals.
Depending on which publication a copyeditor is | 9,401 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
employed with, his or her goals may change, however there are a few constituencies that must always be served – the author (the person who wrote or compiled the manuscript), the publisher (the person or company that is paying to produce the material), and the readers (the audience for whom the material is being produced). These parties (in conjunction with the copyeditor) work to achieve the same goal, which is to produce an error free publication. The copyeditor strives to improve clarity, coherency, consistency, and correctness – otherwise known as the "4 C's". Each of these components serve the copyeditor's "Cardinal C", which is communication.
# History.
The advent of the printing press | 9,402 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
in the middle of the 15th century opened the doors to the first printing houses in Europe. Even after the invention of the printing press and on to today, the editor's job is to correct perceived mistakes. Within these printing houses, there were a variety of employees, one being correctors, or as it is referred to today, editors.
The biggest difference between monastic copyists and copyeditors is that copyeditors leave editions as suggestions that the original author can choose to reject. These printing houses established procedures for editing, preparing the text, and proofreading. Specialist correctors made sure texts were in accordance with the standards of the time.
Before the printing | 9,403 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
press, monastic copyists altered words or phrases they thought were odd, under the assumption that the copyist before them had made a mistake. This is what led to so much variety in standard texts like the Bible.
After the globalization of the book from 1800 to 1970, the rise of American authors and editors came to fruition. One editor in particular, Maxwell Perkins, was sought out by writers such as Fitzgerald, Hemingway, and Wolfe because he greatly improved the work on these prominent authors with his editorial eye. Perkins was known for editing, guiding, and befriending his writers – but the times were changing.
In the late 19th century, the role of an editor was to decide if a manuscript | 9,404 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
was good enough to be published. As time passed, the role of an editor and publisher became more distant. Although there was a newfound relationship between editors and authors, thoughtful editing did not end.
Copyeditors were employed at various publishing houses, magazines, journals, and by private authors seeking revisions on their work. Some copyeditors were even employed by public relations and advertising firms who valued strong editing practices in their business.
The symbols used by copyeditors today are based on those that have been used by proofreaders since the beginnings of publishing, though they have undergone some changes over time. However, the exact beginnings of the copyediting | 9,405 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
language used today are unclear. Despite its long history, copyediting as a practice has not experienced any extreme upheaval other than the desktop publishing revolution of the 1980s. This phenomenon began as the result of a series of inventions that were released during the middle of this decade, and refers to the growth of technology usage in the field of copyediting. Namely, the development of the Macintosh computer, the desktop laser printer by Hewlett-Packard, and a software for desktop publishing called PageMaker created by Aldus (a company now under the control of Adobe) allowed the revolution to begin. By allowing both individuals and publishing agencies alike to cheaply and effectively | 9,406 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
begin to edit compositions entirely on-screen rather than by hand, desktop publishing revolution morphed copyediting into the practice it is today. Most copyeditors today rely on more modern WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) text processors such as Microsoft Word that are based on the original PageMaker to do their work.
There were a few events that led to changes within copyediting as a career. One of these, the successful strike of the editorial department of the "Newark Ledger" from November 17, 1934 to March 28, 1935, was "the first major action of its kind by any local guild...[it] both confirmed the irreversibility of the guilds' movement away from the professional association idea | 9,407 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
and greatly accelerated that process". Paired with another string of strikes led by The New York Newspaper Guild against a number of smaller newspapers in the summer of 1934, these actions served to shift the image of the editorial worker as a "professional" to one as an average citizen. Another strike from the year 1934 was the strike at the Macaulay Company, reportedly the first ever strike to occur at a publishing firm. At the conclusion of the second Macaulay strike,which occurred three months after the first, the nationwide drive towards unionization had entered the publishing industry and was "sweeping through all the major publishing houses". As these events seemed to have the secondary | 9,408 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
result of lowering the status of editors across the various publishing fields, it could be said that they sparked the decline of copyeditors that can be seen across the publishing fields today.
Owing to the rise of the Digital Age, the roles and responsibilities of a copyeditor have changed. For instance, beginning in 1990, copyeditors learned pagination electronically. They could now look at different pages of a text on multiple screens and easily edit on there, as opposed to pasting them by hand on a board. This technological advance also required that copyeditors learn new software such as Pagemaker, Quark Xpress, and now Adobe InDesign.
Modern copyeditors are often required to edit for | 9,409 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
digital as well as print versions of text. Digital copyediting requires copyeditors to understand RSS feeds, social media such as Twitter and Facebook, and Hyper Text Markup Language. What should be accounted for is that in this digital age, information is constantly being released which then leads to the decline in editing of the online versions. Editors of the website BuzzFeed commented that sometimes they "simply can't get every post before it's published".
While copyeditors still do traditional tasks such as checking for facts, grammar, style, and writing headlines, some of their duties have been pushed aside to make way for technology. Some copyeditors now have to design page layouts and | 9,410 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
some even edit video content. Copyeditors are now sometimes referred to as "copy/layout editors" or "producers/designers".
# Changes in the field.
Traditionally, the copy editor would read a printed or written manuscript, manually marking it with editor's "correction marks". At sizable newspapers, the main copy desk was often U-shaped; the copy desk chief sat in the "slot" (the center space of the U) and was known as the "slot man", while copy editors were arrayed around him or her on the outside of the U, known as the "rim". In the past, copy editors were sometimes known humorously as "rim rats". Chief copy editors are still sometimes called "the slot". But nowadays, the manuscript is more | 9,411 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
often read on a computer display and text corrections are entered directly.
The nearly universal adoption of computerized systems for editing and layout in newspapers and magazines has also led copy editors to become more involved in design and the technicalities of production. Technical knowledge is therefore sometimes considered as important as writing ability, though this is truer in journalism than it is in book publishing. Hank Glamann, co-founder of the American Copy Editors Society, made the following observation about ads for copy editor positions at American newspapers:
We want them to be skilled grammarians and wordsmiths and write bright and engaging headlines and must know Quark. | 9,412 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
But, often, when push comes to shove, we will let every single one of those requirements slide except the last one, because you have to know that in order to push the button at the appointed time.
# Traits, skills, and training.
Besides an excellent command of language, copy-editors need broad general knowledge for spotting factual errors; good critical thinking skills in order to recognize inconsistencies or vagueness; interpersonal skills for dealing with writers, other editors and designers; attention to detail; and a sense of style. Also, they must establish priorities and balance a desire for perfection with the necessity to follow deadlines.
Many copy editors have a college degree, | 9,413 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
often in journalism, the language the text is written in, or communications. In the United States, copy editing is often taught as a college journalism course, though its name varies. The courses often include news design and pagination.
In the United States, The Dow Jones Newspaper Fund sponsors internships that include two weeks of training. Also, the American Press Institute, the Poynter Institute, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UC San Diego Extension and conferences of the American Copy Editors Society offer mid-career training for newspaper copy editors and news editors (news copy desk supervisors).
Most US newspapers and publishers give copy-editing job candidates an | 9,414 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
editing test or a tryout. These vary widely and can include general items such as acronyms, current events, math, punctuation, and skills such as the use of Associated Press style, headline writing, info graphics editing, and journalism ethics.
In both the US and the UK, there are no official bodies offering a single recognized qualification.
In the UK, several companies provide a range of courses unofficially recognized within the industry. Training may be on the job or through publishing courses, privately run seminars, or correspondence courses of the Society for Editors and Proofreaders. The National Council for the Training of Journalists also has a qualification for subeditors.
# Contemporary.
Before | 9,415 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
the digital era, copy-editors used to take a red pen to a piece of paper to point out errors and inconsistencies using a markup language made up of symbols universally known by copy-editors. The traditional copy editor was once defined as editing for grammar, spelling, punctuation and other mechanics of style.
Copy editing symbols can no longer be used when editing digitally because they are not supported on digital platforms such as track changes. With more posting online and less printing on paper, this means current publishing processes are faster. Hard copy is no longer able to keep up with digital publishing. For a publisher to hire copy editors to print hard copy, make edits, and then | 9,416 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
make changes is no longer the most efficient process. The position of copy editors is at risk because time demands quicker results that can be done by automatic correction software that catches grammatical errors. Transferring the responsibility from human copy editors to digital software has been adopted by some publishing companies because it is available free of cost.
Professionals feared that the introduction of digital editing software would put an end to copyediting careers. Copy editors are still employed and needed for heavy editing, such as fact-checking and content organization, which software is not yet able to do. With grammar software and journalists that can edit, copy editors | 9,417 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
are seen as a luxury in publishing. The potential for a company to use editing software may also require the copy editor to only perform heavy editing and querying. Though the steps for copyediting are the same, the execution is what has been changed due to the introduction of digital environments.
The technological development of cloud storage allows contemporary copy editors and writers to upload and share files across multiple devices. Online word processors such as Google Docs, Dropbox, Zoho, OpenGoo and Buzzword allow users to perform a number of tasks. Each processor has its advantages and disadvantages based on the users' preferences, but primarily allow users to share, edit and collaborate | 9,418 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
on documents. On Google Docs users can invite others via email to view, comment and edit any file of their choosing. Those invited can view and edit the document together in real time. Unlike Google Docs whose files can only be shared through the web app, Dropbox shares from a desktop app. Dropbox users can share documents as links or as shared folders. Users can create shared folders and add others to the folder. Files in a shared folder will appear in the other user's Dropbox and all involved users receive notifications when edits are made to a file in the folder. Adobe's Buzzword allows users to share files, with the user's choice from varying levels of editing access, and includes a version | 9,419 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
history feature which tracks changes made to documents and lets users revert to earlier versions.
Useful in many word processors, a track changes feature allows users to make changes to a document and view them separately from the original document. In Microsoft Word users can choose whether to show or hide changes by clicking track changes under the Review ribbon. Those editing documents can leave comments by clicking wherever the user desires to leave a comment and clicking New Comment under the review ribbon or by highlighting text and clicking New Comment. Users can select the revision of specific users whom they have allowed to revise their work and choose which level of mark ups to view | 9,420 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
under the Show Markup dropdown menu in the Review ribbon. Users can also choose to accept or reject changes by clicking either Accept or Reject in the Review Ribbon.
## Contemporary copy-editor.
The field of copy-editing is not obsolete. Teresa Schmedding, president of the American Copy Editors Society (ACES) and a deputy managing editor at the "Daily Herald" in Chicago, thinks that copyeditors are "a natural fit" for digital journalism and social media because though publishing has been made available to almost anyone, quality and credibility is brought to content only by copy editors.
When editing a piece, copy editors now have to consider multimedia aspects of the story. The inclusion | 9,421 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
of video, images, search engine optimization, and audio are just some of the components that are now created and included to digital publications by copy editors. Digital journalism has created many new roles for a copy editor, such as editing on the Web. Digital editing now requires copy editors to become familiar with search engine optimization, understanding HyperText Markup Language, Cascading Style Sheets, and RSS feeds. In addition to Web-based skills, contemporary copy editors must also obtain a larger skill set, having knowledge of and the ability to operate software such as Adobe Illustrator for generating graphics or Adobe Dreamweaver for designing web pages.
## Issues.
One of the | 9,422 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
problems with copy-editing is that it may slow the publication of text. With the digital publishing era came an increased demand for a fast turnover of information. Additional details such as color printing, page size, and layout are determined by the allotted budget. Web-based publications, such as BuzzFeed and "Slate", do not have enough room in their budgets to keep a sufficient number of staff to edit their massive, daily rushes of content. Because of this, copy chief Emmy Favila says lower-priority posts are published without copy edits at Buzzfeed. "Slate" does not edit its blog posts before publication, but all of its news articles are copy edited before publication, say "Slate" copy | 9,423 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
chief Lowen Liu and deputy editor Julia Turner.
In response to such high demands for fast-produced content, some online publications have started publishing articles first and then editing later, a process known as back-editing. Editors prioritize stories to edit based on traffic and whether the content was originally reported for needing edits.
Reading material has become increasingly accessible to users with a wide range of disabilities. Carolyn Rude exemplifies such cases in alternatively replacing illustrations with text and audio translations for the visually impaired. Rude also suggests that web developers attempt to stick to print guidelines, such as "clear and simple language and consistent | 9,424 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
terms and navigation devices", especially when readers are looking at text in a second language.
# Effects of the Internet.
As online resources rise in popularity, copy editors endeavor to meet the increase of digital consumerism to the best of their abilities, and such high competition has resulted in a gradually "declining of quality in editing", such as proofreading grammatical errors or fact checking. However, this doesn't mean the Internet has limited the scope of a copy editor's responsibilities or job opportunities. One of the most important advancements of the digital age is the advent of pagination, which gives copy editors more control over the construction and revisions of their | 9,425 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
content. Pagination is a convenient feature in programs such as "Pagemaker, the Quark Xpress, and AdobeIndesign". Despite the increasing number of programs, however, some copy editors believe their basic functions and duties haven't changed much. Other copy editors think the Internet has simplified the process of fact checking and online programs such as Facebook or Twitter have also expedited the process of information-gathering. Other digital skills, such as image selection and search-engine optimization, increase the visibility of search results, especially when searching for keywords in headlines.
In all likelihood, the Internet will continue to evolve, but this shouldn't hamper the overall | 9,426 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
importance of copy editing. Although it may be tempting to neglect proper revisions in favor of convenience, the credibility and quality of an editor's work should still be maintained, as there will always be updates in software and technology. As formats evolve, so too will the opportunities for journalists and other writers.
# See also.
- Author editing
- American Copy Editors Society
- "AP Stylebook"
- Headline
- News design
- Photo caption
- Proofreading
- Robinson Prize
# References.
- Anderson, Laura. "McGraw-Hill's Proofreading Handbook". 2nd edn. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006.
- Baskette, Floyd K. & Sissors, Jack Z. & Brooks, Brian S. "The Art of Editing". 8th edn. Allyn & | 9,427 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
Bacon, 2004.
- Rewritten and updated: Brian S. Brooks and James L. Pinson. "The Art of Editing in the Age of Convergence", 11th edn. Routledge, 2017.
- Einsohn, Amy. "The Copyeditor's Handbook: A Guide for Book Publishing and Corporate Communications". 2nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006.
- Judd, Karen. "Copyediting: A Practical Guide". 3rd edn. Menlo Park, CA: Crisp Learning, 2001.
- Norton, Scott. "Developmental Editing: A Handbook for Freelancers, Authors, and Publishers". Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.
- Rude, Carolyn D. (2006). "Technical editing". Dayton, David., Maylath, Bruce. 4th edn. New York: Longman. . OCLC 60188071.
- Saller, Carol Fisher. | 9,428 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
"The Subversive Copy Editor: Advice from Chicago (or, How to Negotiate Good Relationships with Your Writers, Your Colleagues, and Yourself)". Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.
- Ó Brógáin, Séamas. "A Dictionary of Editing". Dublin: Claritas, 2015. .
- Smith, Peggy. "Mark My Words: Instruction and Practice in Proofreading". 3rd edn. Alexandria, VA: EEI Press, 1997.
- Stainton, Elsie Myers. "The Fine Art of Copyediting". 2nd edn. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002.
- Stroughton, Mary. "The Copyeditor's Guide to Substance and Style". 3rd edn. Alexandria, VA: EEI Press, 2006.
# External links.
- Proofreading practice at Project Gutenberg Distributed Proofreaders
- What exactly | 9,429 |
343323 | Copy editing | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copy%20editing | Copy editing
gotiate Good Relationships with Your Writers, Your Colleagues, and Yourself)". Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.
- Ó Brógáin, Séamas. "A Dictionary of Editing". Dublin: Claritas, 2015. .
- Smith, Peggy. "Mark My Words: Instruction and Practice in Proofreading". 3rd edn. Alexandria, VA: EEI Press, 1997.
- Stainton, Elsie Myers. "The Fine Art of Copyediting". 2nd edn. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002.
- Stroughton, Mary. "The Copyeditor's Guide to Substance and Style". 3rd edn. Alexandria, VA: EEI Press, 2006.
# External links.
- Proofreading practice at Project Gutenberg Distributed Proofreaders
- What exactly is a copy editor?, by Bill Walsh of "The Washington Post" | 9,430 |
343325 | 60 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=60%20(number) | 60 (number)
60 (number)
60 (sixty) () is the natural number following 59 and preceding 61. Being three times 20, it is called "three score" in older literature.
# In mathematics.
It is a composite number, with divisors 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, and 60, making it a highly composite number. Because it is the sum of its unitary divisors (excluding itself), it is a unitary perfect number, and it is an abundant number with an abundance of 48. Being ten times a perfect number, it is a semiperfect number.
It is the smallest number divisible by the numbers 1 to 6: there is no smaller number divisible by the numbers 1 to 5. It is the smallest number with exactly 12 divisors. It is one of seven integers | 9,431 |
343325 | 60 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=60%20(number) | 60 (number)
that have more divisors than any number less than twice itself , one of six that are also lowest common multiple of a consecutive set of integers from 1, and one of six that are divisors of every highly composite number higher than itself.
It is the sum of a pair of twin primes (29 + 31) and the sum of four consecutive primes (11 + 13 + 17 + 19). It is adjacent to two primes (59 and 61). It is the smallest number that is the sum of two odd primes in six ways.
The smallest non-solvable group (A) has order 60.
There are four Archimedean solids with 60 vertices: the truncated icosahedron, the rhombicosidodecahedron, the snub dodecahedron, and the truncated dodecahedron. The skeletons of these | 9,432 |
343325 | 60 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=60%20(number) | 60 (number)
polyhedra form 60-node vertex-transitive graphs. There are also two Archimedean solids with 60 edges: the snub cube and the icosidodecahedron. The skeleton of the icosidodecahedron forms a 60-edge symmetric graph.
There are 60 one-sided hexominoes, the polyominoes made from six squares.
In geometry, it is the number of seconds in a minute, and the number of minutes in a degree. In normal space, the three interior angles of an equilateral triangle each measure 60 degrees, adding up to 180 degrees.
Because it is divisible by the sum of its digits in base 10, it is a Harshad number.
A number system with base 60 is called sexagesimal (the original meaning of "sexagesimal" is sixtieth).
It is | 9,433 |
343325 | 60 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=60%20(number) | 60 (number)
the smallest positive integer that is written with only the smallest and the largest digit of base 2 (binary), base 3 (ternary) and base 4 (quaternary).
60 is also the product of the side lengths of the smallest whole number right triangle: 3, 4, 5, a type of Pythagorean triple.
# In science and technology.
The first fullerene to be discovered was buckminsterfullerene C, an allotrope of carbon with 60 atoms in each molecule, arranged in a truncated icosahedron. This ball is known as a buckyball, and looks like a soccer ball.
The atomic number of neodymium is 60, and cobalt-60 (Co) is a radioactive isotope of cobalt.
The electrical utility frequency in western Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, | 9,434 |
343325 | 60 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=60%20(number) | 60 (number)
the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, the United States, and several other countries in the Americas is 60 Hz.
An exbibyte (sometimes called exabyte) is 2 bytes.
# Cultural number systems.
The Babylonian number system had a base of 60, inherited from the Sumerian and Akkadian civilizations, and possibly motivated by the large number of divisors that 60 has. The sexagesimal measurement of time and of geometric angles is a legacy of the Babylonian system.
The number system in the Mali Empire was based on 60, reflected in the counting system of the Maasina Fulfulde, a variant of the Fula language spoken in contemporary Mali. The Ekagi of Western New Guinea used base 60, and the sexagenary cycle plays | 9,435 |
343325 | 60 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=60%20(number) | 60 (number)
a role in Chinese calendar and numerology.
In and in refer to 60 = 5 dozen = small gross. This quantity was used in international medieval treaties e.g. for ransom of captured Teutonic Knights.
# In religion.
60 occurs several times in the Bible; for example, as the age of Isaac when Jacob and Esau were born, and the number of warriors escorting King Solomon.
In the laws of kashrut of Judaism, 60 is the proportion (60:1) of kosher to non-kosher ingredients that can render an admixture kosher post-facto.
In the Koran, 60 is mentioned once: "..he should feed sixty indigent ones..", but it is mentioned many times in the Hadith, most notably Muhammad being reported to say, "..Allah, the Exalted | 9,436 |
343325 | 60 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=60%20(number) | 60 (number)
and Glorious, created Adam in His own image with His length of sixty cubits.."
# In other fields.
It is:
- In time, the number of seconds in a minute, and the number of minutes in an hour. (a legacy of the Babylonian number system)
- The number of feet in the standard measurement tool to evaluate an automotive launch on a dragstrip, as the time taken to travel the first of the track.
- The number of miles per hour an automobile accelerates to from rest (0-60) as one of the standard measurements of performance
- The number of years in a Sexagenary cycle
- "60 Minutes", a CBS investigative television show
- "Sixty Minute Man" was a TV show starring Kenny Baumann
- A common speed limit, | 9,437 |
343325 | 60 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=60%20(number) | 60 (number)
in miles per hour, for freeways in many U.S. states
- A common speed limit, in kilometers per hour, in urban areas in Russia
- In years of marriage, the diamond wedding anniversary
- The maximum number of marbles (game pieces) in Chinese checkers
- The code for international direct dial calls to Malaysia
- The highest obtainable level on World of Warcraft (not including the five latest expansions)
- "Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip" was a TV show on NBC (2006–07)
- "Gone in 60 Seconds" is a movie starring Nicolas Cage
- Miss Sixty is a women's apparel brand
- The number of cards in the game Rack-O
- The number of the French department Oise
- Alpha 60 is a brain-computer in the movie | 9,438 |
343325 | 60 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=60%20(number) | 60 (number)
t Strip" was a TV show on NBC (2006–07)
- "Gone in 60 Seconds" is a movie starring Nicolas Cage
- Miss Sixty is a women's apparel brand
- The number of cards in the game Rack-O
- The number of the French department Oise
- Alpha 60 is a brain-computer in the movie Alphaville directed by Jean-Luc Godard
- The age for senior citizens in some cultures
# In sports.
- In darts, 60 (treble-twenty) is the highest score that can be achieved with a single dart.
- New York Yankees Babe Ruth hit 60 home runs in 1927 during a 154-game season; although the record has been broken three times since then, by Roger Maris, Mark McGwire, and Barry Bonds, those records were set during a 162-game season. | 9,439 |
343331 | George Somerset, 3rd Baron Raglan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George%20Somerset,%203rd%20Baron%20Raglan | George Somerset, 3rd Baron Raglan
George Somerset, 3rd Baron Raglan
George FitzRoy Henry Somerset, 3rd Baron Raglan, (18 September 1857 – 24 October 1921), styled The Honourable George Somerset until 1884, was a British soldier and Conservative politician. He served as Under-Secretary of State for War from 1900 to 1902 and was Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man from 1902 to 1919.
# Background and education.
A member of the Somerset family headed by the Duke of Beaufort, Somerset was the son of Richard Somerset, 2nd Baron Raglan, by his first wife Lady Georgina Lygon, third daughter of Henry Lygon, 4th Earl Beauchamp. He was a godchild of George V of Hanover, Somerset became a Page of Honour to Queen Victoria in 1868, which | 9,440 |
343331 | George Somerset, 3rd Baron Raglan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George%20Somerset,%203rd%20Baron%20Raglan | George Somerset, 3rd Baron Raglan
he remained until 1874. He was educated at Eton and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.
# Military and political career.
In 1870 Somerset joined the Grenadier Guards. He fought in the Second Anglo-Afghan War, reaching the rank of captain. He served as Under-Secretary of State for War in the Unionist Government headed by Lord Salisbury from 1900 to 1902.
In September 1902 Lord Raglan was appointed Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man. He arrived on the island on 18 October and was sworn in at Castletown on 21 October. He served as such until 1919. During his term as Lieutenant Governor he became the Provincial Grand Master of the Freemasons in the Isle of Man from 1912 to 1919 and had | 9,441 |
343331 | George Somerset, 3rd Baron Raglan | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George%20Somerset,%203rd%20Baron%20Raglan | George Somerset, 3rd Baron Raglan
nt Governor of the Isle of Man. He arrived on the island on 18 October and was sworn in at Castletown on 21 October. He served as such until 1919. During his term as Lieutenant Governor he became the Provincial Grand Master of the Freemasons in the Isle of Man from 1912 to 1919 and had a Lodge named in his honour.
# Family.
Lord Raglan married Lady Ethel Jemima Ponsonby, daughter of Walter Ponsonby, 7th Earl of Bessborough, on 28 February 1883. Lady Raglan was a one-time President of the Monmouthshire branch of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Families' Association, and died in 1940.
They had six children. He died on 24 October 1921, aged 64, and was succeeded in the barony by his son, Fitzroy. | 9,442 |
343334 | 70 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=70%20(number) | 70 (number)
70 (number)
70 (seventy) is the natural number following 69 and preceding 71.
# In mathematics.
70 is:
- a sphenic number because it factors as 3 distinct primes.
- a Pell number.
- the seventh pentagonal number.
- the fourth tridecagonal number.
- the fifth pentatope number.
- the number of ways to choose 4 objects out of 8 if order does not matter. This makes it a central binomial coefficient.
- the smallest weird number, a natural number that is abundant but not semiperfect.
- a palindromic number in bases 9 (77), 13 (55) and 34 (22).
- a Harshad number in bases 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16.
- an Erdős–Woods number, since it is possible to find sequences of 70 consecutive | 9,443 |
343334 | 70 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=70%20(number) | 70 (number)
integers such that each inner member shares a factor with either the first or the last member.
The sum of the first 24 squares starting from 1 is 70. This relates 70 to the Leech lattice and thus string theory.
# In science.
- 70 is the atomic number of ytterbium, a lanthanide
## Astronomy.
- Messier object M70, a magnitude 9.0 globular cluster in the constellation Sagittarius
- The New General Catalogue object NGC 70, a magnitude 13.4 spiral galaxy in the constellation Andromeda
# In religion.
- In Jewish tradition:
- Seventy souls went down to Egypt to begin the Hebrews' Egyptian exile ().
- There is a core of 70 nations and 70 world languages, paralleling the 70 names in the Table | 9,444 |
343334 | 70 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=70%20(number) | 70 (number)
of Nations.
- There were 70 men in the Great Sanhedrin, the Supreme Court of ancient Israel. (Sanhedrin 1:4.)
- According to the Jewish Aggada, there are 70 perspectives ("faces") to the Torah (Numbers Rabbah 13:15).
- Seventy elders were assembled by Moses on God's command in the desert ().
- allots three score and ten (70 years) for a man's life, and the Mishnah attributes that age to "strength" (Avot 5:32), as one who survives that age is described by the verse as "the strong".
- Ptolemy II Philadelphus ordered 72 Jewish elders to translate the Torah into Greek; the result was the Septuagint (from the Latin for "seventy"). The Roman numeral seventy, LXX, is the scholarly symbol for the | 9,445 |
343334 | 70 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=70%20(number) | 70 (number)
Septuagint.
- In Christianity:
- In , Jesus tells Peter to forgive people seventy times seven times.
- In , Jesus appoints Seventy Disciples and sends them out in pairs to preach the Gospel.
- Seventy is a priesthood office in the Latter Day Saint religion.
- In Islamic history and in Islamic interpretation the number 70 or 72 is most often and generally hyperbole for an infinite amount:
- There are 70 dead among the Prophet Muhammad's adversaries during the Battle of Badr.
- 70 of the Prophet Muhammad's followers are martyred at the Battle of Uhud.
- In Shia Islam, there are 70 martyrs among Imam Hussein's followers during the tragedy of Karbala.
# In law.
- In certain cases, copyrights | 9,446 |
343334 | 70 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=70%20(number) | 70 (number)
expire after 70 years.
# In sports.
- In Olympic archery, the targets are 70 meters from the archers.
- In college football, West Virginia Mountaineers scored 70 points against Clemson Tigers in the 2012 Orange Bowl, setting the record as the most points ever scored by one side in the history of all bowl games.
- The number of the laps of the Canadian Grand Prix and Hungarian Grand Prix.
# In other fields.
- 70 miles per hour is a common speed limit for freeways in many American states, primarily in the central United States (in the Eastern U.S. the speed limit is generally 65, in the Western U.S. it is 75).
- 70 miles per hour is the national speed limit in the United Kingdom for cars | 9,447 |
343334 | 70 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=70%20(number) | 70 (number)
and motorcycles on the best grades of road.
- 70 years of marriage is marked by a platinum wedding anniversary.
- 70 is the hull number of the U.S. Navy's nuclear aircraft carrier USS "Carl Vinson" (CVN-70), named after U.S. Representative Carl Vinson.
- The French department Haute-Saône is number 70.
- As a year, "70" may refer to 70 BC, AD 70, or 1970.
- The number 70 is frequently referenced by the musical duo Boards of Canada: they have songs titled "Sixtyten" ("Music Has the Right to Children", 1998) and "The Smallest Weird Number" ("Geogaddi", 2002), and their record label is named Music70.
- In the Far Eastern culture of China, Japan, Korea, etc., 70 years old is called the Rare | 9,448 |
343334 | 70 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=70%20(number) | 70 (number)
Age of the Olden Times (古稀 Guxi in Chinese, Koki in Japanese, 고희 Gohui in Korean, etc.), as written in one of Du Fu’s poems.
- Under Social Security (United States), the age at which a person can receive the maximum retirement benefits (and may do so and continue working without reduction of benefits)
# Number name.
Several languages, especially ones with vigesimal number systems, do not have a specific word for 70: for example, French "soixante-dix" "sixty-ten"; Danish "halvfjerds", short for "halvfjerdsindstyve" "three and a half score". (For French, this is true only in France; other French-speaking regions such as Belgium, Switzerland, Aosta Valley and Jersey use "septante".)
# External | 9,449 |
343334 | 70 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=70%20(number) | 70 (number)
poems.
- Under Social Security (United States), the age at which a person can receive the maximum retirement benefits (and may do so and continue working without reduction of benefits)
# Number name.
Several languages, especially ones with vigesimal number systems, do not have a specific word for 70: for example, French "soixante-dix" "sixty-ten"; Danish "halvfjerds", short for "halvfjerdsindstyve" "three and a half score". (For French, this is true only in France; other French-speaking regions such as Belgium, Switzerland, Aosta Valley and Jersey use "septante".)
# External links.
- On some Philological Peculiarities in the English Authorized Version of the Bible. By Thomas Watts, Esq. | 9,450 |
343338 | 80 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=80%20(number) | 80 (number)
80 (number)
80 (eighty) is the natural number following 79 and preceding 81.
# In mathematics.
80 is:
- the sum of Euler's totient function φ("x") over the first sixteen integers.
- a semiperfect number, since adding up some subsets of its divisors (e.g., 1, 4, 5, 10, 20 and 40) gives 80.
- a ménage number.
- palindromic in bases 3 (2222), 6 (212), 9 (88), 15 (55), 19 (44) and 39 (22).
- a repdigit in bases 3, 9, 15, 19 and 39.
The Pareto principle (also known as the 80-20 rule) states that, for many events, roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes.
Every solvable configuration of the Fifteen puzzle can be solved in no more than 80 single-tile moves.
# In science.
- | 9,451 |
343338 | 80 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=80%20(number) | 80 (number)
The atomic number of mercury
# In religion.
- According to Exodus 7:7, Moses was 80 years old when he initially spoke to Pharaoh on behalf of his people. Today, 80 years of age is the upper age limit for cardinals to vote in papal elections.
# In other fields.
Eighty is also:
- used in the classic book title Around the World in Eighty Days
- the length of the Eighty Years' War or Dutch revolt (1568–1648)
- the standard TCP/IP port number for HTTP connections
- the 80A, 80B and 80C photographic filters correct for excessive redness under tungsten lighting
- The year AD 80, 80 BC, or 1980
- Eighty shilling ale
- The older four-pin-base version of the 5Y3GT rectifier tube
- A common | 9,452 |
343338 | 80 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=80%20(number) | 80 (number)
le Around the World in Eighty Days
- the length of the Eighty Years' War or Dutch revolt (1568–1648)
- the standard TCP/IP port number for HTTP connections
- the 80A, 80B and 80C photographic filters correct for excessive redness under tungsten lighting
- The year AD 80, 80 BC, or 1980
- Eighty shilling ale
- The older four-pin-base version of the 5Y3GT rectifier tube
- A common limit for the characters per line, in computing, derived from the number of columns in IBM cards
- American band Green Day has a song called "80"
- A fictional alien superhero named "Ultraman 80"
# See also.
- List of highways numbered 80
# External links.
- wiktionary:eighty for "80" in other languages. | 9,453 |
343340 | 90 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=90%20(number) | 90 (number)
90 (number)
90 (ninety) is the natural number preceded by 89 and followed by 91.
In the English language, the numbers 90 and 19 are often confused, as sounding very similar. When carefully enunciated, they differ in which syllable is stressed: 19 /naɪnˈtiːn/ vs 90 /ˈnaɪnti/. However, in dates such as 1999, and when contrasting numbers in the teens and when counting, such as 17, 18, 19, the stress shifts to the first syllable: 19 /ˈnaɪntiːn/.
# In mathematics.
90 is:
- a unitary perfect number because it is the sum of its unitary divisors (excluding itself).
- a semiperfect number because it is equal to the sum of a subset of its divisors.
- a pronic number.
- a nontotient.
- a Perrin | 9,454 |
343340 | 90 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=90%20(number) | 90 (number)
number, preceded in the sequence by 39, 51, 68.
- a Harshad number since 90 is divisible by the sum of its base 10 digits.
In normal space, the interior angles of a rectangle measure 90 degrees each. Also, in a right triangle, the angle opposing the hypotenuse measures 90 degrees, with the other two angles adding up to 90 for a total of 180 degrees. Thus, an angle measuring 90 degrees is called a right angle.
# In science.
Ninety is:
- the atomic number of thorium, an actinide. As an atomic weight, 90 identifies an isotope of strontium, a by-product of nuclear reactions including fallout. It contaminates milk.
- the latitude in degrees of the North and the South geographical poles.
# | 9,455 |
343340 | 90 (number) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=90%20(number) | 90 (number)
horium, an actinide. As an atomic weight, 90 identifies an isotope of strontium, a by-product of nuclear reactions including fallout. It contaminates milk.
- the latitude in degrees of the North and the South geographical poles.
# In sports.
- Nike Total 90 Apparel is a brand name of football apparel and football equipment from equipment bags to goalkeeper gloves
- Major League Baseball bases are away in distance
- The car number most associated with former NASCAR team owner Junie Donlavey
- The number of minutes in a football (soccer) match.
# In other fields.
- +90 is the code for international direct dial phone calls to Turkey.
- 90 is the code for the French département Belfort. | 9,456 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
Bob Barker
Robert William Barker (born December 12, 1923) is a retired American television game show host. He is known for hosting CBS's "The Price Is Right" from 1972 to 2007, making it the longest-running daytime game show in North American television history. He is also known for hosting "Truth or Consequences" from 1956 to 1974.
Born in Darrington, Washington, to modest circumstances, Barker enlisted in the United States Navy during World War II. He worked part-time in radio while he attended college. In 1950, he moved to California in order to pursue a career in broadcasting. He was given his own radio show, "The Bob Barker Show", which ran for six years. Barker began his game show career | 9,457 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
in 1956, hosting "Truth or Consequences". From there, he hosted various game shows, and the Miss Universe and Miss USA pageants from 1967 to 1987, giving him the distinction of being the longest-serving host of these pageants. He began hosting "The Price Is Right" in 1972. When his wife Dorothy Jo died, he became an advocate for animal rights and of animal-rights activism, supporting groups such as the United Activists for Animal Rights and the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. In 2007, he retired from hosting "The Price Is Right" after celebrating his 50-year career on television.
# Early life.
Barker was born on December 12, 1923, in Darrington, Washington, and spent most of his youth on | 9,458 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
the Rosebud Indian Reservation in Mission, South Dakota. The U.S. Indian Census Rolls, 1885–1940, list Barker as an official member of the Sioux tribe. His mother, Matilda ("Tillie") Valandra ( Matilda Kent Tarleton), was a school teacher; his father, Byron John Barker, was the foreman on the electrical high line through the state of Washington. Barker is 1/8 Sioux. While in Washington, his father fell from a tower and sustained an injury which resulted in his death in 1930. Barker has a half-brother, Kent Valandra, from Matilda's subsequent remarriage. In 1931, the family moved to Springfield, Missouri, where Barker graduated from Central High School in 1941.
Barker attended Drury College | 9,459 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
(now Drury University) in Springfield, on a basketball scholarship. He was a member of the Epsilon Beta Chapter of Sigma Nu fraternity at Drury. On the outbreak of World War II, Barker served in the United States Navy as a fighter pilot. However, the war ended before he was assigned to a seagoing squadron. After the war, he returned to Drury to finish his education, graduating "summa cum laude" with a degree in economics.
# Career.
## Broadcasting career.
While attending college in Drury, Barker worked his first "media job", at KTTS-FM Radio, in Springfield. He and his wife left Springfield and moved to Lake Worth, Florida, and he was news editor and announcer at nearby WWPG 1340 AM in Palm | 9,460 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
Beach (now WPBR in Lantana). In 1950, Barker moved to California in order to pursue a career in broadcasting. He was given his own radio show, "The Bob Barker Show", which ran for the next six years from Burbank. He was hosting an audience-participation radio show on KNX (AM) in Los Angeles when game show producer Ralph Edwards happened to be listening and liked Barker's voice and style.
## Game show career.
### "Truth or Consequences" (1956–1974).
Barker started hosting "Truth or Consequences" on December 31, 1956, and continued with the program until 1974. The idea was to mix the original quiz element of game shows with wacky stunts. On the show, people had to answer a trivia question correctly | 9,461 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
(usually an off-the-wall question that no one would be able to answer correctly) before "Beulah the Buzzer" was sounded. If the contestant did not complete the "Truth" portion, there was a "Consequences", usually a zany and embarrassing stunt. If the contestant answered the question, invariably, the question had a second part. In addition, during Barker's run as host, "Barker's Box" was played. Barker's Box was a box with four drawers in it. If a contestant was able to pick all three drawers with money inside before picking the empty drawer, they won a bonus prize.
It was on "Truth or Consequences" that the salute became his trademark sign-off; he ended each episode with "Bob Barker saying | 9,462 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
goodbye, and hoping all your consequences are happy ones!"
### "End of the Rainbow" (1957–1958).
On December 4, 1957, Barker began hosting a new Ralph Edwards creation, the short-lived "End of the Rainbow" for NBC. On this show (similar to Barker's "Truth or Consequences" and Edwards' "This Is Your Life"), he and co-host Art Baker went out to various places in America and surprised the less-fortunate who helped others when they could barely help themselves.
For example, the first episode featured a Minneapolis grocer who, in return for his community service, was given a complete makeover to his store plus new furniture and appliances for his home. In addition, his landlord (who was in on | 9,463 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
the surprise) announced that the current month's rent was free and that the grocer's rent would never increase.
### "The Family Game" (1967).
In 1967, Barker hosted the short-lived game show "The Family Game" for Chuck Barris, where he asked children contestants questions about their families' lives, and the parents had to guess how they answered, similar to "The Newlywed Game".
### "Simon Says" (1971).
In 1971, Barker was tapped to host a pilot for NBC entitled "Simon Says", which required him to interact with a giant computer called "Simon" in "Let's Make A Deal"-style "trades". The pilot was produced by Wesley J. Cox of DUNDAS Productions, and its theme was "The Savers" (the theme used | 9,464 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
on "The Joker's Wild", which has led some to believe that Cox or DUNDAS was an alias for Jack Barry or Dan Enright, since "Joker" used the theme in its original 1968 pilot). There is at least one (somewhat low-quality) clip of the pilot on the video sharing website YouTube.
### "That's My Line" (1980–1981).
In 1980, Barker hosted a series called "That's My Line" for Goodson-Todman. The series was not a game show, but rather a program along the lines of "Real People" and "That's Incredible!" The show's second season in 1981 focused more on unusual stunts, and was cancelled in September.
### "The Price Is Right" (1972–2007).
In early 1972, Mark Goodson and Bill Todman began shopping a modernized | 9,465 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
revival of "The Price Is Right" to stations, with Dennis James as host. CBS expressed interest in the series, on one condition: instead of James, Barker would be installed as host. After some initial resistance, Barker instead offered to host another upcoming CBS game show, Jack Barry's "The Joker's Wild" (which had difficulty finding a host and was scheduled to debut the same day as "Price") to allow James to host "Price", but CBS rejected this proposal. The eventual compromise that was struck led to Barker hosting the daytime "Price" on CBS, James hosting the weekly nighttime "Price" in syndication, and Jack Barry himself (first on a trial basis, then eventually permanently) hosting "Joker".
On | 9,466 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
September 4, 1972, Barker began hosting the CBS revival of "The Price Is Right". In the 35 years of the CBS version, Barker became far more associated with the series than first host Bill Cullen was with the 1956–65 original. When James' contract for the nighttime "Price" expired without being renewed in 1977, Barker assumed hosting duties for three nighttime seasons as well, with the nighttime series eventually ending in 1980.
On October 15, 1987, Barker did what other MCs almost never did: renounced hair dye and began wearing his hair gray, which was its natural color by that time. Fellow hosts Monty Hall, Alex Trebek, and Richard Dawson did the same in the late 1980s.
Barker took over the | 9,467 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
role of executive producer for the show in 1988, following the death of the original executive producer, Frank Wayne. In this capacity, Barker created several pricing games, instituted a prohibition on foreign cars and animal-based products (see "Animal rights" below), and launched a prime-time series of specials known as "The Price Is Right $1,000,000 Spectacular".
In September 2006, "The Price Is Right" marked its 35th consecutive year on the air. It is the longest-running game show of all time in North America, and at the time was the last surviving show in the daytime game show genre, having survived (at the time) twelve years after its last competitor had been canceled. (CBS later revived | 9,468 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
daytime game shows in 2009.) Overall, in daytime programming (excluding Saturday and Sunday), "The Price Is Right" is ranked sixth among the longest-continuing daytime television programs (NBC's "Today" ranks the longest, followed by four daytime soap operas: "Guiding Light", "As the World Turns", "General Hospital", and "Days of Our Lives"). It has won its time slot (11:00 a.m. Eastern) for the past 25 years with its closest competitor (currently ABC's "The View") normally getting about half of "TPIR's" ratings.
On October 31, 2006, Barker made his announcement that he would retire from "The Price Is Right" in June 2007. He taped his final episode on June 6, 2007, with the show airing twice | 9,469 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
on June 15. The first airing was in the show's normal daytime slot and the second airing was in primetime as the lead-in to the "Daytime Emmy Awards". Repeat episodes from Barker's final season continued to air until October 12, 2007. On July 23 it was announced that comedian Drew Carey would take Barker's place as the new host for the show beginning on October 15, 2007.
During Barker's tenure as host, three pricing games were introduced that used his name: Barker's Bargain Bar, Barker's Marker$ and Trader Bob. Of the three, the latter two are not actively played on the show – Trader Bob was retired from the show in 1985, Barker's Marker$ was renamed Make Your Mark following Barker's retirement, | 9,470 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
and subsequently retired, and Barker's Bargain Bar has been retooled as the Bargain Game after a four-year hiatus between 2008 and 2012.
After his retirement, Barker made three return appearances to "The Price is Right". He first appeared on the episode that aired on April 16, 2009 to promote his new autobiography, "Priceless Memories". He appeared in the Showcase round at the end of the show.
Barker made another guest appearance on the show to celebrate his 90th birthday celebration, which aired on December 12, 2013. He announced a contestant for the first time ever on the show, along with one showcase.
Barker also made a surprise appearance on April 1, 2015 for an April Fools' Day switch | 9,471 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
where he took Drew's place at the show's intro. He hosted the first one bid and pricing game of that day before handing the hosting duties back to Drew. He also appeared during the showcase of that episode.
# Personal life.
Barker married his high school sweetheart, Dorothy Jo Gideon, on January 12, 1945. They remained married for 36 years until her death, on October 19, 1981, from lung cancer. They had no children, and Barker has not remarried. However, he was involved in a relationship with "Price" model Dian Parkinson from 1989 to 1991, which ended in legal action.
## Health.
Barker has had some minor health problems. Around 1982, he had a herniated disc and sciatica. Greater health problems | 9,472 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
began in 1991 after he complained of vision problems while exercising. After a visit to his doctor, he was sent to see a neurologist, who told Barker he had had a mild stroke. He recovered and went back to work.
On September 16, 1999, Barker was in Washington, D.C., to testify before Congress regarding HR 2929: the Captive Elephant Accident Prevention Act, the proposed legislation that would ban elephants from traveling shows (i.e., circuses). While preparing for the presentation, Barker experienced what he called "clumsiness" in his right hand. He was admitted to George Washington University Hospital and diagnosed with a partially blocked left carotid artery. Barker underwent carotid endarterectomy | 9,473 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
to remove the blockage. The procedure went well enough that he was able to return to work within the month.
Three years later, Barker had two additional health crises after taping the 30th-season finale of "The Price is Right". While lying in the sun on May 30, 2002, he experienced a stroke and was hospitalized; six weeks later, on July 11, Barker underwent prostate surgery. Both hospitalizations occurred at George Washington University Hospital in Washington, D.C. Both surgeries were successful.
Barker has had several mild bouts with skin cancer, a result of his frequent tanning. He consults a dermatologist regularly to make sure any cancers are caught and removed before they spread; they | 9,474 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
do not currently pose a threat to his life. During a televised interview, Barker told viewers, "I urge anyone who has spent some time in the sun, whether you're doing it now or not, go to a dermatologist once a year."
On October 20, 2015, two police officers passing Barker's Los Angeles-area home saw him trip and fall on a sidewalk. They called an ambulance that brought him to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, where he received stitches for an injured forehead and was released; he also hurt his left knee.
Barker slipped and hit his head at home on June 19, 2017. His maid drove him to the emergency room, where he was checked and released. His representative said it was not as serious as his earlier | 9,475 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
fall. In October and November 2018, he was rushed to the hospital for severe back pain.
## Lawsuits.
In 1994, former model Dian Parkinson filed a lawsuit against Barker alleging sexual harassment following a three-year affair while working on "The Price Is Right". Parkinson, who alleged that she was extorted by threats of firing, later dropped her lawsuit, claiming the stress from the ordeal was damaging her health.
In 1995, model Holly Hallstrom left "The Price Is Right" and later filed suit against Barker for wrongful termination and malicious persecution claiming Barker had launched a media attack against her, allegedly stating that she was disruptive to the working atmosphere of the show. | 9,476 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
Barker dropped his case, but Hallstrom did not, finally ending in settlement in 2005.
Following their testimonies in Barker's failed lawsuit against Hallstrom, models Janice Pennington and Kathleen Bradley were fired, and later received out-of-court financial settlements. Director Paul Alter was removed from the show in 2000. Production assistants Sherrill Paris and Sharon Friem, who were also dismissed at the same time, each sued Barker for wrongful termination, as well as sexual harassment and sex discrimination. Both women ultimately received financial settlements.
In October 2007, Deborah Curling, a CBS employee assigned to "The Price Is Right", filed a lawsuit against CBS, Bob Barker | 9,477 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
and "The Price Is Right" producers, claiming that she was forced to quit her job after testifying against Barker in a wrongful-termination lawsuit brought by a previous show producer. Curling claimed that she was demoted to an "intolerable work environment" backstage which caused her to leave the job. Curling, who is black, also alleged that the show's producers, including Barker, created a hostile work environment in which black employees and contestants were discriminated against. A few months later, Barker was removed from the lawsuit, and in September 2009, the lawsuit was dismissed. Curling's attorney stated that he planned to appeal the dismissal of the lawsuit. In January 2012, the California | 9,478 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
Court of Appeals affirmed the dismissal.
## Animal rights.
Barker became a vegetarian in 1979. That same year, he began promoting animal rights. He was named national spokesman for "Be Kind to Animals Week" in May 1985. On A&E's "Biography" program, he credited his wife, Dorothy Jo, with causing him to become more aware of animal rights and to become a vegetarian, because she had done so. Bob remarked that Dorothy Jo was way ahead of her time in recognizing the rights of animals and that shortly after her death in October 1981 he took up animal rights in order to keep doing something that she had done.
Barker began ending some episodes (later every episode) of "The Price Is Right" with the | 9,479 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
phrase: "This is Bob Barker reminding you to help control the pet population — have your pets spayed or neutered." After Barker retired, Drew Carey continued his signature sign-off advocating neutering. Fellow game-show hosts Jack Barry and Bert Convy eventually followed Barker's lead in promoting animal rights on the air.
Barker hosted the Miss USA/Universe Pageants from 1967 to 1987. In 1987, he requested the removal of fur prizes and stepped down as host when those in charge of the pageant refused.
Barker's DJ&T Foundation, founded in 1994 and named after his late wife and mother, has contributed millions of dollars for animal neutering programs and to fund animal rescue and park facilities | 9,480 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
all over the United States. He worked closely with Betty White as an advocate for animal rights. However, in 2009, reports indicated that Barker threatened to not attend the 2009 Game Show Awards, where he was to receive a lifetime achievement award, because White would be attending. The reason for the conflict, according to the report, was over the proper treatment of an elephant at the Los Angeles Zoo. White instead did not attend and pre-recorded her comments that she was scheduled to make about Mark Goodson.
In 2004, Barker donated $1 million to Columbia University School of Law to support the study of animal rights. The gift has funded an adjunct professorship in animal rights law at Columbia | 9,481 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
and helped fund a student clinic in environmental law.
Barker also supported United Activists for Animal Rights, and together with the group, publicly accused several media projects and the American Humane Association of animal mistreatment or the condoning of animal mistreatment, a tactic which resulted in a major lawsuit against him and the group, accusing him of spurious allegations.
In June 2009, Barker wrote Chief Michell Hicks of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians asking that their reservation's bear exhibit be closed. On July 28, 2009, he visited the reservation and saw one of the three zoos, calling the bears' living situation "inhumane". PETA set up the visit after Barker heard | 9,482 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
from U.S. Representative Bill Young, (R) Florida, whose wife had been "appalled" by what she saw. Annette Tarnowski, the tribe's attorney general, said a federal inspector had found nothing wrong in May 2009 at two of the zoos, and that the tribe had dealt with the few violations at the third. Hicks made no promises and threatened to ban PETA if they made more trouble.
In January 2010, Sea Shepherd Conservation Society announced that it had secretly purchased and outfitted a ship to interdict Japanese whaling operations in the Southern Ocean using $5,000,000 provided by Barker. The ship was then named the MY "Bob Barker", and its existence was first revealed when it helped discover the location | 9,483 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
of the Japanese whaling fleet. In 2010, Barker began funding the cost of a helicopter, named the Nancy Burnet (after the president of United Activists for Animal Rights); the helicopter accompanies the society's fleet.
In March 2010, PETA announced that it received a $2.5 million donation from Barker to help establish a new office called the Bob Barker Building in Los Angeles. PETA officially opened the Bob Barker Building on Sunset Boulevard in 2012. The Grand Opening was attended by Christian Serratos, Stephanie Pratt, Moby, Kate del Castillo, Sasha Grey, Renee Olstead, Fivel Stewart, Diane Warren, and Allisyn Ashley Arm.
# Film and other TV appearances.
- In 1996, Barker played himself | 9,484 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
in the Adam Sandler comedy "Happy Gilmore". In one scene, Barker beats up Gilmore after an altercation arising from their teaming up in a Pro-Am Golf Tournament. In 2007, during a CBS prime-time special commemorating Barker's career, the fight scene from "Happy Gilmore" was shown, after which, Sandler made a surprise appearance on stage to read a poem paying tribute to Barker. In 2015, during Comedy Central's "Night of Too Many Stars" benefit show for autism, Barker and Sandler reunited for a video featuring the two of them in follow-up fight at the hospital, which ends with both of them dying and going to heaven.
- In the late 1990s, Barker played the father of Mel Harris' character on a few | 9,485 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
episodes of the NBC sitcom "Something So Right".
- He appeared in two animated television series as himself: in the "Futurama" episode "The Lesser of Two Evils" in 2000, followed by the "Family Guy" episodes "Screwed the Pooch" in 2001, "The Fat Guy Strangler" in 2005, and "Tales of a Third Grade Nothing" in 2008.
- Barker was a semi-regular panelist on the game shows "Tattletales" (with wife Dorothy Jo) and "Match Game". Barker sat in Richard Dawson's former place during the first week of Dawson's permanent absence from "Match Game". Barker also played on "The Price Is Right" team against "The Young and the Restless" on "Family Feud" in 1991 and 1993.
- Barker co-hosted CBS' coverage of | 9,486 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
the Rose Parade from Pasadena, California for several years during the 1970s and 1980s.
- He created and hosted "The Bob Barker Fun and Games Show", which was a combination of stunt participation in the style of "Truth or Consequences" and pricing games such as "The Price Is Right" in which he traveled throughout the United States and Canada in various arenas and venues. Events took place from 1978 to 1986.
- In the 1970s, he was the host of the annual/biennial "Pillsbury Bake-Off" (the bake-off occurred every two years starting in 1976). In 1978, he was the first host to have a male category champ.
- He was a guest host on "The Tonight Show" in 1966, when he was a regular on NBC hosting | 9,487 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
"Truth or Consequences".
- He appeared on "Bonanza", playing a character named Mort in the 1960 episode "Denver McKee".
- He has appeared on various talk shows such as: "Dinah!", "Larry King Live", "The Arsenio Hall Show", "Crook & Chase", "Donny & Marie", "The Rosie O'Donnell Show", "The Ellen DeGeneres Show", "The Wayne Brady Show", the "Late Show with David Letterman", and "The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson".
- Barker also made cameo appearances on "The Nanny", "The Bold and the Beautiful" in 2002 and 2014, "Yes, Dear", and "How I Met Your Mother" with announcer Rich Fields in 2007.
- About one year after retirement, Barker appeared in a public service announcement promoting the | 9,488 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
transition to digital television in the United States. The advertisement was produced under the first proposed date of February 16, 2009 for the transition.
- On September 7, 2009, Barker was a special guest host for "WWE Raw" (called "The Price is Raw") in Rosemont, Illinois.
- Barker agreed to be a rotating guest co-host on "The Huckabee Show", a daily TV talk show hosted by Mike Huckabee. Barker first appeared on the show July 29, 2010.
- Barker appeared in a commercial for State Farm Insurance's "Magic Jingle" campaign, where he made "a new car!" appear for a woman whose previous car was totaled by a giant concrete cylinder.
- Barker filmed a TV advertisement endorsing David Jolly, a | 9,489 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
candidate for the Republican Party nomination for the special election in his Congressional district.
- Barker voiced the character Bob Barnacle, a snail business owner on the Nickelodeon animated series "SpongeBob SquarePants".
# Awards and honors.
- 19-time Emmy Award winner
- 14 individual awards for Outstanding Game Show Host
- five Outstanding Game Show awards as host/executive producer of "The Price is Right"
- 1999 Lifetime Achievement Award for Daytime Television
- "Bob Barker Studio" at CBS Television City named in his honor.
- Television Hall of Fame (class of 2004).
- Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
- Hall of Famous Missourians (class of 2007)
- Portion of Bower Street | 9,490 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
in Springfield, MO renamed "Bob Barker Way"
- "Time Magazine's" Greatest Game Show Host of All-Time
- NAB Broadcasting Hall of Fame (class of 2008).
- GSN Lifetime Achievement Award
- 2009 WWE Slammy Award for Best "Raw" Guest Host.
# Autobiography.
Bob Barker has written his autobiography, assisted by former "L.A. Times" book review editor Digby Diehl, titled "Priceless Memories". It was published on April 6, 2009, and features stories from his early life as well as stories and experiences in the 50 years of his television career.
It was also then reported that Barker would appear on "The Price Is Right" to promote his book. His initial appearance was scheduled for the March 2, 2009, | 9,491 |
343327 | Bob Barker | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob%20Barker | Bob Barker
e 50 years of his television career.
It was also then reported that Barker would appear on "The Price Is Right" to promote his book. His initial appearance was scheduled for the March 2, 2009, taping. However, the taping was postponed until March 25, due to host Drew Carey's bout with pneumonia. The episode aired on April 16, during which Barker appeared during the Showcases to promote the book. Carey stated in an interview that the show stopped taping for over an hour as the crowd continued to give Barker a standing ovation, and to allow the audience to ask questions about what Barker was doing during his retirement.
# External links.
- Bob Barker at Academy of Television Arts & Sciences | 9,492 |
343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
Emperor He of Han
Emperor He of Han (; 79 – 13 February 106) was an emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty who ruled from 88 to 105. He was the 4th emperor of the Eastern Han.
Emperor He was the son of Emperor Zhang. He ascended the throne at the age of nine and reigned for 17 years. It was during Emperor He's reign that the Eastern Han began its decline. Strife between consort clans and eunuchs began when the Empress Dowager Dou (Emperor He's adoptive mother) made her own family members important government officials. Her family was corrupt and intolerant of dissension. In 92, Emperor He was able to remedy the situation by removing the empress dowager's brothers with the aid of the eunuch Zheng | 9,493 |
343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
Zhong and his brother Liu Qing the Prince of Qinghe. This in turn created a precedent for eunuchs to be involved in important affairs of state. These trend would continue to escalate for the next century contributing to the fall of the Han dynasty. Further, while Qiang revolts, spurred by corrupt and/or oppressive Han officials, started during his father Emperor Zhang's reign, they began to create major problems for the Han during Emperor He's reign and would last until the reign of Emperor Ling.
Emperor He himself appeared to be a largely kind and gentle man who, however, lacked his father's and grandfather Emperor Ming's acumen for governance and for judgment of character. Although Emperor | 9,494 |
343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
He's reign arguably began Han's long decline, notable scientific progresses were made during this period including the invention of paper by the eunuch Cai Lun in 105.
One additional trend that started with Emperor He was the lack of imperial heirs - most of Emperor He's sons predeceased him, and at his death he had only two live male children, neither of whom survived him long. Whereas many dynasties had succession crises triggered by an emperor's many sons vying to succeed him, in the case of the Eastern Han crises were triggered by the lack of direct male line heirs, further adding to dynastic instability.
# Family background.
Then-Prince Zhao was born to Emperor Zhang and his concubine | 9,495 |
343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
Consort Liang in 79. Because Emperor Zhang's favorite, Empress Dou, had no sons of her own, she adopted Prince Zhao as her own son; in doing so, she might have been inspired by her mother-in-law, Empress Ma, who had adopted Emperor Zhang, born of Emperor Ming's concubine Consort Jia. By the time Prince Zhao was born, his older brother Liu Qing, born of another concubine, Consort Song, had already been created crown prince. However, Empress Dou deeply wanted to make her adopted son crown prince as well as to eliminate Consort Song and her younger sister, also an imperial consort, as competition for Emperor Zhang's affection.
In 82, an opportunity came for Empress Dou. Consort Song, the mother | 9,496 |
343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
of Crown Prince Qing, had become ill, and in her illness, she craved raw cuscuta, and she requested that her family bring her some. Empress Dou seized the cuscuta and accused Consort Song and her sister of using it for witchcraft. Emperor Zhang was enraged and expelled Crown Prince Qing from the palace. He had both Consort Song and her sister arrested and interrogated by the eunuch Cai Lun. Following this they committed suicide by poison. Crown Prince Qing was deposed and created the Prince of Qinghe instead; he was replaced by Prince Zhao as crown prince. Prince Zhao, however, was friendly to his brother, and they often spent time together.
The Song sisters would not be Empress Dou's only | 9,497 |
343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
victims. After Prince Zhao was made crown prince, his birth mother's clan, the Liangs, did not dare to openly celebrate, but were secretly happy. When the Dou clan heard of this, they were displeased and fearful, and they felt that they had to destroy the Liangs. Empress Dou began to give false reports about Prince Zhao's birth mother Consort Liang and her sister, also an imperial consort, and they lost Emperor Zhang's favor. In 83, the Dou clan further submitted anonymous accusations against the father of both Consorts Liang, Liang Song (梁竦), who died in prison. The two Liang sisters died of sadness and fear.
In 86, Emperor Zhang died, and Crown Prince Zhao succeeded to the throne at age seven.
# | 9,498 |
343339 | Emperor He of Han | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emperor%20He%20of%20Han | Emperor He of Han
Early reign under the shadow of the Dous.
The boy Emperor He had no real powers; powers was in the hands of Empress Dowager Dou, and her brothers Dou Xian, Dou Du (竇篤), Dou Jing (竇景), and Dou Gui (竇瑰). Of her brothers, Dou Gui alone was humble and unassuming, but the other three, particularly Dou Xian, were arrogant, using their connection to the empress dowager to intimidate other officials into submission.
Late in 88, however, a crime that Dou Xian committed threatened to cause even Empress Dowager Dou to want him executed. Liu Chang (劉暢), the Marquess of Duxiang, was favored by Empress Dowager Dou for his intelligence, and Dou Xian became fearful that Liu will divide his power. He therefore | 9,499 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.