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niverse. 4.1 Gravitational Forces due to Earth 4.2 Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation 4.3 Relating Gravitational Field Strength to Gravitational Force Unit Themes and Emphases • Change and Systems • Social and Environmental Contexts • Problem-Solving Skills Focussing Questions In this study of dynamics and gravitati... |
ational and elastic forces acting on the object balance each other (Figure 3.6). At this point, the elastic force is equal in magnitude to the weight of the object. So you can determine the magnitude of the weight of an object by reading the pointer position on a calibrated spring scale once the spring stops stretching... |
190 N [forward] 2. (a) 0 N, (b) no Adding Non-Collinear Forces Example 3.3 demonstrates how to find the net force on an object if the forces acting on it are neither parallel nor perpendicular. By observing the relationship between the components of the force vectors, you can greatly simplify the calculations. Example... |
rbit around Earth, and in outer space. Can an object ever have an inertia of zero? Explain. 3-3 QuickLab 3-3 QuickLab Challenges with Inertia Problem What role does inertia play in each of these challenges? 3 Set up a stack of loonies and the ruler as shown in Figure 3.22 (c). Use the ruler to remove the loonie at the ... |
ee Student References 4: Using Graphic Organizers on page 869 for an example. e TEST To check your understanding of inertia and Newton’s first law, follow the eTest links at www.pearsoned.ca/school/physicssource. (b) While moving at constant speed on a level, snowy surface, a snowmobiler throws a ball vertically upward... |
its acceleration. Follow the eTech links at www.pearsoned.ca/ school/physicssource. Relating Acceleration and Mass In 3-6 Design a Lab, you discovered that the relationship between acceleration and mass is non-linear. But if you plot acceleration as a function of the reciprocal of mass, you get a straight line. This sh... |
umping out of an airplane. During the first few seconds of one jump, the parachute is unopened, and the magnitude of the air resistance acting on the skydiver is 250 N. The acceleration of the skydiver during this time is 5.96 m/s2 [down]. Calculate the mass of the skydiver. Given F f g 9.81 m/s2 [down] 250 N [up] Requ... |
s 5. A dolphin experiences a force of 320 N [up] when it jumps out of the water. The acceleration of the dolphin is 2.6 m/s2 [up]. 8. Two boxes, A and B, are touching each other and are at rest on a horizontal, frictionless surface. Box A has a mass of 25 kg and box B a mass of 15 kg. A person applies a force of 30 N [... |
rials two skateboards CAUTION: Wear a helmet and knee pads when doing this activity. Procedure 1 Choose a partner with a mass about the same as yours. 2 Sit on skateboards on a hard, level surface with your feet toward one another and touching (Figure 3.58). Figure 3.58 3 Give your partner a gentle push with your feet.... |
when a person in a canoe throws a package onto the shore, the canoe moves away from shore. 3. No matter how powerful a car engine is, a car cannot accelerate on an icy surface. Use Newton’s third law and Figure 3.53 on page 161 to explain why. 4. State and sketch the action-reaction forces in each situation. (a) Water... |
n. The negative value for Ffstatic indicates that the direction of FF fstatic is along the negative x-axis or [180]. F fstatic 143 N [180] Paraphrase The force of static friction acting on the desk is 143 N [180]. Answer 1. FT Ffstatic FN FN Ffstatic Fg Static Friction on an Incline If an object is at rest on an inclin... |
the snowy surface exerts on the skis. Answers 1. 2.5 m/s2 [downhill] 2. 66.9 N [uphill] Chapter 3 Forces can change velocity. 179 03-Phys20-Chap03.qxd 7/24/08 10:38 AM Page 180 Comparing the Magnitudes of Static and Kinetic Friction The magnitude of the force of kinetic friction is never greater than the maximum magni... |
uch as elbows, knees, and hips, have membranes that produce a lubricating fluid called synovial fluid. Among other factors, the amount of synovial fluid and the smoothness of adjacent bone surfaces affect the coefficients of friction in synovial joints (Figure 3.86). The movement of synovial joints is very complicated ... |
nowmobile on the sled if the sled accelerates at 2.5 m/s2 [uphill]. Figure 3.95 p u p u h ill h ill o w n d o w n d θ 25.0° Given m 40 kg g 9.81 m/s2 25.0 a 2.5 m/s2 [uphill] k 0.04 Required app) applied force on sled (F 188 Unit II Dynamics 03-Phys20-Chap03.qxd 7/24/08 10:38 AM Page 189 Analysis and Solution Draw a fr... |
0 kg and m2 40 kg, are connected by a light rope that passes over a light, frictionless pulley. The pulley is suspended from the ceiling using a light spring scale. (a) What is the reading on the scale if the pulley is prevented from turning? (b) Draw a free-body diagram for each bag when the pulley is released. (i) Ca... |
owing the forces acting on an object that is suspended from a spring scale weight: gravitational force exerted on an object by a celestial body 4-2 QuickLab 4-2 QuickLab One way to measure the magnitude of the weight of an object directly involves using a spring scale (Figure 4.6). When the object stops moving at the e... |
object is easier than measuring its gravitational mass. 9. The table below shows the magnitude of the gravitational force on objects of different mass in Banff, Alberta. Mass (kg) 0 1.50 3.00 4.50 6.00 7.50 10.0 Magnitude of 0 14.7 29.4 44.1 58.9 73.6 98.1 Gravitational Force (N) (a) Graph the data. (b) Calculate the ... |
e person’s weight is equal to the gravitational force exerted by Earth on the person, and is directed toward Earth’s centre both at the base and at the top of the mountain. Calculate Fg at the base of the mountain using Newton’s law of gravitation. (Fg)B GmpmEarth (rB)2 2 m N (55.0 kg)(5.97 1024 kg) 6.67 1011 2 g k (6.... |
3.4312 105 N [toward Moon’s centre] F g Paraphrase The gravitational force exerted by the Moon on the water at A is 3.4312 105 N [toward Moon’s centre]. The Role of Gravitational Force on Interplanetary Travel Scientists who plan space missions take advantage of the gravitational force exerted by planets and other cele... |
ted, and responding variables. Review the procedure in 4-2 QuickLab on page 198. List the materials you will use, as well as a detailed procedure. Check the procedure with your teacher and then do the investigation. Analyze your data and form a conclusion. How well did your results agree with your hypothesis? How Is Gr... |
. 221 04-Phys20-Chap04.qxd 7/24/08 10:59 AM Page 222 Gravity (mGal 20.5 20. 20.0 20.0 0 . 5 0 . 5 2 2 AA Applications of the Variation in g in Geology The variation in the value of g on Earth is used to detect the presence of minerals and oil. Geophysicists and geologists use sensitive instruments, called gravimeters, ... |
r 4 Gravity extends throughout the universe. 227 04-Phys20-Chap04.qxd 7/24/08 10:59 AM Page 228 Weightlessness Videos transmitted from a space shuttle or the space station often show astronauts floating in their cabin (Figure 4.46). Are the astronauts weightless in space? The answer is no. Then why do they appear to be... |
t the reaction time of drivers before they apply the brakes is 1.8 s. Planning Form a team of three to five members. Summarize the question your group is researching. Make hypotheses about how tire tread, surface condition, and vehicle mass might affect stopping distance. Assign roles to different team members. Some ex... |
l skyscraper on Earth. 15. Consider the quantities gravitational force, mass, and gravitational field strength. Which of these quantities affects the inertia of an object? 16. Suppose an athlete were competing in the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver and Whistler, British Columbia. Whistler has an elevation of 2182 m a... |
son sitting next to you on you. 53. In a small group, research the materials being used to make artificial joints such as hips and knees. Find out how they are designed to provide enough friction for stability but not so much friction that the joints cannot move. Begin your search at www.pearsoned.ca/school/physicssour... |
ater that is flying off the wheel (Figure 5.4). path of the water drops when they leave the wheel at point A radial line A A tangential line Figure 5.4 Water that flies off the wheel at point A hits the rider in the back. The direction that the water drops fly is determined by the place where they leave the wheel. Figu... |
and record this radius in the “Radius” column of the table. Repeat steps 7 to 12 until all radii are used. Analysis 1. For each trial, average the two times and place the result in the “Average Time” column. 5. Identify the force that acted as the centripetal force, and determine its value. 6. Plot a graph of velocity... |
c motor rotates at a frequency of 40 Hz. What is its rotational frequency in rpm? 3. A medical centrifuge is a device that separates blood into its parts. The centrifuge can spin at up to 6.0 104 rpm. What is its frequency in hertz and what is its period? Answers 1. 5.00 Hz 2. 2.4 103 rpm 3. 1.0 103 Hz; 1.0 103 s Given... |
of the disc: r 2 v T . 0 2( m) 00 6 0 0 s 0 1 0 . 3.77 m/s Now use equation 5 to determine the centripetal acceleration: ac 2 v r m 2 3.77 s 0.0600 m 2.37 102 m/s2 Note that no vector arrows appear on ac or v because we are solving for their magnitude only. Paraphrase The centripetal acceleration at the edge of the DVD... |
gravity (F N F g). Example 5.5 Determine the maximum speed at which a 1500.0-kg car can round a curve that has the radius of 40.0 m, if the coefficient of static friction between the tires and the road is 0.60. Given m 1500.0 kg 0.60 s r 40.0 m g 9.81 m/s2 Required maximum speed (v ) Analysis and Solution First draw a... |
dicular to the tension. It does not contribute to the centripetal force. The tension alone is the centripetal force. We can write this mathematically as: F F c T Figure 5.30(c) As the bucket moves through the bottom of the circle, it must have a centripetal force that overcomes gravity. The tension is the greatest here... |
what is the period of rotation of the wheels? 7. A propeller blade has a period of rotation of 0.0400 s. What is the speed of the outer tip of the propeller blade if the tip is 1.20 m from the hub? 8. A 1500-kg car is making a turn with a 100.0-m radius on a road where the coefficient of static friction is 0.70. What ... |
otion. 271 05-Phys20-Chap05.qxd 7/24/08 12:51 PM Page 272 info BIT Some scientists speculate that Pluto and Charon might have been objects from the Kuiper belt that were attracted into an orbit of the Sun by Neptune because of their small size and large orbital radius. The Kuiper belt is a large band of rocky debris th... |
d Radius Kepler determined that planets have slightly elliptical orbits. He also determined empirically that the period and radius of the planet’s orbit were related. The purpose of this lab is to design a method to highlight the relationship between the period and radius of planets’ orbits around the Sun. The Question... |
te r 2 mEarth v GmEarth r 6.67 1011 2 m N (5.97 1024 kg) 2 g k 7.292 106 m 7.390 103 m/s r 2 T v 2(7.292 106 m) m 7.390 103 s 6.20 103 s Paraphrase The speed of the satellite is 7.39 103 m/s (2.66 104 km/h). It orbits Earth once every 6.20 103 s (103 minutes). e TECH For an interactive simulation of the effect of a sta... |
ose to the star. This would make conditions on the planet inhospitable for life as we know it. But the search goes on and as our technology improves, who knows what we may find? Questions 1. Why is it so hard to detect an extrasolar planet? 2. What new technologies and techniques are making it possible to detect extras... |
ER 5 SUMMARY Key Terms and Concepts axle axis of rotation uniform circular motion centripetal acceleration centripetal force cycle revolution period frequency rpm Key Equations v 2r T ac v 2 r Fc mv 2 r 42r T 2 ac 42mr T 2 Fc 2 T a K 3 ra Conceptual Overview satellite artificial satellite orbital perturbation extrasola... |
erred. Energy is a scalar quantity. This chapter concentrates on gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, and elastic potential energy. In this chapter you will take the first steps to understanding the role of energy in nature. Specifically, you will learn how energy is given to and taken from objects when they... |
n Figure 6.10. Ignoring friction, the work done by the machinery to lift the passengers and car to a height, h, is equal to the change in gravitational potential energy, EP. To lift the object straight up at a constant speed, the force applied must be equal but opposite to the force of gravity on the object. The equati... |
e properties of the spring and is defined as the elastic or spring constant (k). This constant tells us how hard it is to stretch/compress the spring from the equilibrium position at x 0. For the graph in Figure 6.16, the slope is found as shown below: k F x Fi Ff xi xf 10.0 N 3.0 N 0.250 m 0.075 m 40 N m This force-po... |
the craters that they create (Figure 6.21). 1. What types of measurements would scientists need to make in order to estimate the kinetic energy of the meteor at the instant of impact? 2. What types of experiments could be done to verify the scientists’ assumptions? Figure 6.21 Meteor impact craters are found in all reg... |
potential energy up the plane, then Fapp will increase as the block moves up the incline. The work-energy theorem states that the work done on a system is equal to the sum of the changes in the potential and kinetic energies of the system. PHYSICS INSIGHT The symbol EP could refer to gravitational potential energy, el... |
d from all other objects in the universe Chapter 6 In an isolated system, energy is transferred from one object to another whenever work is done. 311 06-PearsonPhys20-Chap06 7/24/08 12:56 PM Page 312 e TECH Consider the transformation of energy from potential energy to kinetic energy in a falling object, and in a ball ... |
t is the kinetic energy of the bob when it is at its lowest point? (d) What is the speed of the pendulum bob when the bob is at its lowest point? Given m 250 g 0.250 kg g 9.81 m/s2 h1 h2 v1 25.0 cm 0.250 m 5.00 cm 0.0500 m 0 Required (a) sum of gravitational potential and kinetic energies of the pendulum at the highest... |
tarting from interval 1, number the selected intervals as 2, 3, etc. For each of the chosen intervals, measure (a) the length of the interval (x), and (b) the distance (x) to the midpoint of the interval from the line indicating x 0. Record your measurements in a data table (Table 6.4). Analysis 1. Use a table similar ... |
sion when the carts stick together in what is called an “inelastic” collision. You will need to develop a list of materials and a detailed procedure. Use the work-energy theorem to explain your results and form conclusions. e LAB If probeware is available, perform 6-3 Design a Lab using a motion sensor. For a probeware... |
2. Make a graph of the power output versus the mass the washers rest on the floor. Start the motor. Measure the time the washers take to travel between the lower and upper timing marks. 7 Record your measurements in a table such as Table 6.5. 8 Vary the number of washers on the paper clip and repeat the trial. Do tria... |
ings. Communicate Prepare a report of your research using a computer spreadsheet program to organize your data and to generate a graph of the power output versus the gear level. Print your graph, in colour if possible, as part of your report. 6. An electric motor has a power rating of 1.50 kW. If it operates at 75% eff... |
e, at the same time, keeping the size and mass of the car itself to reasonable proportions. Your presentation to the company will be used to persuade them of the benefits of your design. Finally, your report should persuade the public of the advantages of using the safety equipment you recommend for automobiles. Planni... |
ep it on the track. (a) (b) In which position or positions is the force of gravity the centripetal force? Explain. In which position or positions is there a force exerted on the track by the roller coaster? Explain. (c) Using the equation Fg mg and equation 6 from Chapter 5 on page 256, show why mass does not affect th... |
mass of the planet’s star? (b) What is the mass of the planet? (c) What is the speed of the planet’s moon? 53. A soil-moving machine called a bucket wheel loader has a large metallic wheel with a radius of 3.05 m that has many scoops attached to it. The scoops are designed to dig into the ground and lift soil out as th... |
ecause of their motion. oscillatory motion: motion in which the period of each cycle is constant info BIT Earthquake waves can have periods of up to several hundred seconds. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Figure 7.4 The bee’s wings make one full cycle from (a) to (e). The time for this motion is called the period. The time requir... |
h the other end of the spring at exactly where the spring scale is attached. Tape the stick to the desk (Figure 7.6). spring scale Figure 7.6 7 Pull the spring, using the spring scale, by the incremental distance determined in step 2. Record the values of the displacement and force in your table. 8 Repeat step 7, until... |
ions, so the net force on the system is zero. In the next section, a mass will be attached to the spring and it will slide on a frictionless horizontal surface. The restoring force will be the only force in the system and will give rise to a repetitive back-and-forth motion called simple harmonic motion. restoring forc... |
show the mass-spring system and the forces acting on the mass. up down x 0.500 m equilibrium Fs Fg Figure 7.22 The mass is not moving so the net force on the mass is zero. F are therefore equal in magnitude. kx mg mg x m (0.5100 kg )9.81 s2 0.500 m k 10.0 N/m Paraphrase The spring constant is 10.0 N/m. Chapter 7 Oscill... |
n a bob with a mass of 500.0 g? Answers 1. 0.612 N [right] 2. 54.6 Determine the magnitude of the restoring force for a pendulum bob of mass 100.0 g that has been pulled to an angle of 10.0 from the vertical. Given g 9.81 m/s2 m 100.0 g 0.1000 kg Required restoring force (FR) Analysis and Solution Draw a diagram of the... |
oy. PHYSICS INSIGHT An object does not have to be moving to experience acceleration. 7.3 Position, Velocity, Acceleration, and Time Relationships One way for ball players to practise their timing is by attempting to throw a ball through a tire swinging on a rope. Someone just beginning this kind of practice might throw... |
Ep Ek The kinetic energy of the oscillator at its maximum displacement is zero so the total energy of the oscillator at that position must be: ET Epmax The potential energy of the oscillator at its minimum displacement is zero so the total energy of the oscillator at that position must be: ET Ekmax Because the total e... |
eriod? They have the same period because displacement doesn’t affect period. Figure 7.41 Two identical pendulums have the same mass and length, but different amplitudes. Which one has the longest period? They have the same period because displacement doesn’t affect the period of a simple harmonic oscillator. This relat... |
m bob (m 250.0 g) experiences a restoring force of 0.468 N. Through what angle is it displaced? 10. A 50.0-cm pendulum is placed on the Moon, where g is 1.62 N/kg. What is the period of the pendulum? Extensions 11. A horizontal mass-spring system oscillates with an amplitude of 1.50 m. The spring constant is 10.00 N/m.... |
r your last trial, the thread of mass 2 should be 40.0 cm long. Materials retort stands string thread 2 identical masses (200 g each) string thread mass 2 retort stand mass 1 two equal masses Figure 7.47 Procedure Part A 1 Read the questions in the next column before doing the lab. 2 Set up the two retort stands about ... |
would be far too large for a wristwatch and would require a large voltage to operate. If the crystal size is decreased, less voltage is required to make it oscillate. info BIT A substance that deforms with an applied voltage is called a piezoelectric material. A piezoelectric material will also create a voltage if stre... |
plain. (a) a bouncing ball (b) a hockey player moving a puck back and forth with his stick (c) a plucked guitar string Consolidate Your Understanding Create your own summary of oscillatory motion, simple harmonic motion, restoring force, and mechanical resonance by answering the questions below. If you want to use a gr... |
its symbol is the Greek letter lambda, (Figure 8.5). λ A crest A equilibrium position λ trough Figure 8.5 Properties of a wave wavelength wavelength A wave front moving out from the point of origin toward a barrier is called an incident wave. A wave front moving away from the barrier is called a reflected wave, while a... |
ce in front of the barrier (Figure 8.11). Now consider an incident wave front created by a straight wave generator (Figure 8.12). The straight wave front also reflects as if the reflected wave had been generated by an imaginary generator located behind the barrier. The position of the imaginary generator behind the bar... |
ting in an oscillating spring, follow the links at www.pearsoned.ca/school/ physicssource. amplitude A As the hand moves toward the equilibrium position, the amplitude of the pulse moves along the spring. Pulse is complete when the hand is at equilibrium position. Figure 8.14 When you move your hand you set up a sequen... |
stance between the hands to calculate the speed of the pulse. (b) Generate pulses by moving your hand to the side and back at different speeds (more quickly or more slowly). Measure the speed of each of these pulses. 2 Have the person holding one end of the spring move so that the spring is stretched about 1 m farther.... |
IV Oscillatory Motion and Mechanical Waves 08-PearsonPhys20-Chap08 7/24/08 2:23 PM Page 409 Constant Frequency, Speed, and Wavelength In 8-3 Inquiry Lab, you investigated what happened to a wave train as it moved from deep to shallow water. Changes occurred because the speed in shallow water was slower than it was in d... |
owing this instant, the pulses reappear as they move on their way. The Inversion of Reflected Pulses in a Fixed Spring The principle of superposition explains why pulses are inverted when they reflect from the fixed end of a spring (Figure 8.27). Because the end of the spring is fixed in place, at that point the sum of... |
mpletely destroy” each other, the spring is in its equilibrium position. How is it possible for the two pulses to reappear as if from nothing? Where does the energy in the pulses go when the sum of the amplitudes is zero? Hint: It might help to think of the spring in terms of a system. Standing Waves and Resonance When... |
s are located every half-wavelength from the end at which the wave is reflected, just as they are in a standing wave in a spring. If the pipe length is equal to any multiple of 1 λ, there will 2 be a node at the upper end of the pipe, and destructive interference λ, 4 λ, 3 λ, 2 will occur. Thus, when the air column is ... |
ency is f . In physics and in music, the frequency 2f is called the first overtone; 3f is the second overtone, and so on. These frequencies are said to form a harmonic series. Thus, physicists may also refer to the fundamental frequency (f ) as the first harmonic, the frequency 2f as the second harmonic, the frequency ... |
on P1P2 is equidistant from the points S1 and S2. Thus, crests (or troughs) generated simultaneously at S1 and S2 must arrive at P1P2 at the same time, resulting in constructive interference. Along the line P1P2 only antinodes are created. The line of antinodes along P1P2 is called the central maximum. A nodal line, o... |
while it generates one wavelength is the distance the source travels in 1/100 s at 70 m/s, or 0.7 m. Because of the motion of the source, the next crest is generated (at point B) only 2.8 m behind the first crest. As long as the source continues at the speed of 70 m/s toward you, the crests travelling in your directio... |
eveloping fetus 8.4 Check and Reflect 8.4 Check and Reflect Knowledge 1. What causes the Doppler effect? 2. Two sound sources have the same frequency when at rest. If they are both moving away from you, how could you tell if one was travelling faster than the other? 3. Explain the cause of a sonic boom. Applications 4.... |
rd you if you hear the frequency to be 580 Hz when the true frequency is 540 Hz? The speed of sound in air is 350 m/s. Express your answer in km/h. 19. If the speed of sound in air is 350 m/s, how fast would a sound source need to travel away from you if the frequency that you hear is to be onehalf the true frequency? ... |
ave wave front wave train wave velocity wavelength Knowledge CHAPTER 7 2. How are the units of frequency and period similar? How are they different? 3. The SI unit for frequency is Hz. What are two other accepted units? 4. For any simple harmonic oscillator, in what position is (a) the velocity zero? (b) the restoring ... |
tern generated by two in-phase point source generators that are 3.5 wavelengths apart. Near the middle of the page, place two points (S1 and S2) 3.5 cm apart to represent the positions of the sources. Draw wavelengths 1.0 cm long by drawing concentric circles that increase in radii by 1.0-cm increments. Locate on the d... |
? 2. Under what circumstances could a coin in 9-1 QuickLab rebound toward the ramp after collision? Discuss your answers in a small group and record them for later reference. As you complete each section of this chapter, review your answers to these questions. Note any changes to your ideas. Chapter 9 The momentum of a... |
words, the difference between momentum and inertia. 6. Provide three examples of situations in which (a) velocity is the dominant factor affecting the momentum of an object (b) mass is the dominant factor affecting the momentum of an object. 12. Draw a momentum vector diagram to represent a 425-g soccer ball flying at ... |
n of momentum, p mv, the equation t p becomes t (mv) F net If m is constant, then the only quantity changing on the right-hand side of the equation is v. So the equation becomes F net t mv So impulse can be calculated using either equation: F net t p or F net t mv The unit of impulse is the newton-second (Ns). From Uni... |
ime for the collision between the golf club and the ball. (a) What is the impulse provided to the ball? (b) What is the velocity of the ball Magnitude of Net Force vs. Interaction Time for a Golf Ball Being Hit by a Golf Club 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 ) .2 0.6 0.4 Time t (ms) 0.8 1.0 1.2 Figure 9.22 W E at the mome... |
d decreases the average net force of an opponent’s blow. 466 Unit V Momentum and Impulse 09-Phys20-Chap09.qxd 7/24/08 2:43 PM Page 467 9.2 Check and Reflect 9.2 Check and Reflect Knowledge 1. (a) What quantities are used to calculate impulse? (b) State the units of impulse. 2. How are impulse and momentum related? 3. W... |
re and Just After a Collision Required Skills Initiating and Planning Performing and Recording Analyzing and Interpreting Communication and Teamwork Question How does the momentum of a system consisting of two objects compare just before and just after a collision? Hypothesis State a hypothesis relating the momentum of... |
of conservation of momentum, the magnitude of p gas is equal to the magnitude of p rocket. That is why a rocket can accelerate on Earth or in outer space. Figure 9.36 With a height of about 112 m, the Saturn V rocket was the largest and most powerful rocket ever built. info BIT None of the 32 Saturn rockets that were ... |
s possible to choose an isolated system so that the total momentum of the system was conserved. When objects collide, they sometimes deform, make a sound, give off light, or heat up a little at the moment of impact. Any of these observations indicate that the kinetic energy of the system before collision is not the sam... |
if the collision is elastic Analysis and Solution Choose the pendulum and the bullet as an isolated system. Calculate the total initial kinetic energy and the total final kinetic energy of the system. Ekf Eki mb(vbi)2 1 1 mp(vpi)2 2 2 1 (0.0149 kg)(280 m/s)2 0 2 585 kgm2/s2 585 J mp)(vf)2 1 (mb 2 1 (0.0149 kg 2.0000 k... |
s result as a mathematical statement. 8. Compare your answers to questions 6 and 7 with other groups. Does this relationship agree with your hypothesis? Account for any discrepancies. e LAB For a probeware activity, go to www.pearsoned.ca/school/physicssource. 488 Unit V Momentum and Impulse 09-Phys20-Chap09.qxd 7/24/0... |
rest just before it explodes into three fragments. A 0.20-kg fragment (A) flies at 14.6 m/s [W], and a 0.18-kg fragment (B) moves at 19.2 m/s [S]. What is the velocity of the third fragment (C) just after the explosion? Assume that no mass is lost, and that the motion of the fragments lies in a plane. Practice Problem... |
tion was greater than the total energy of both the proton and electron. It seemed as if the law of conservation of energy was not valid either. Austrian physicist Wolfgang Pauli (1900–1958) insisted that the conservation laws of momentum and of energy were still valid, and in 1930, he proposed that an extremely tiny ne... |
e the direction of motion of a 75.0-kg person from vertical to horizontal in the remaining height of six storeys (equivalent to 18.4 m). The person must come to a stop at the end. Assume that the motion follows the arc of a circle. 4 Determine the time required so that the change in the direction of motion and stopping... |
ossible for the conservation of momentum to be valid if two objects move faster just before, than just after, collision? Explain, using an example. 35. Fighter pilots have reported that immediately after a burst of gunfire from their jet fighter, the speed of their aircraft decreased by 50–65 km/h. Explain the reason f... |
[36.0]. The cue ball and three-ball each have a mass of 0.160 kg. Calculate the velocity of the cue ball immediately after collision. Ignore friction and rotational effects. 74. A hunter claims to have shot a charging bear through the heart and “dropped him in his tracks.” To immediately stop the bear, the momentum of... |
the demonstrations where the forces of interaction between the sphere of the generator and the various objects were: (a) attractive (b) repulsive 3. Why does touching the sphere with a grounding rod affect the charge on the sphere? Discuss your answers in a small group and record them for later reference. As you compl... |
hould persist indefinitely with no energy loss. In the early 20th century, a class of materials called superconductors was developed. These conductors have no measurable resistance at very low temperatures. The Dutch physicist Heike Kammerlingh Onnes (1853–1926) discovered this effect in 1911 when he observed that soli... |
sily. Substances near the bottom have a weak hold on their electrons and lose them easily. hold electrons loosely Concept Check Figure 10.7 The electrostatic or triboelectric series 1. Using information from Figure 10.7, explain why ebonite acquires a greater charge when rubbed with fur rather than silk. 2. What type o... |
ive plasma. Excess electrons on the bottom of the cloud begin a zigzag journey through this plasma toward the ground at speeds of up to 120 km/s, creating a step leader. This is not the actual lightning strike. The presence of the large negative charge at the bottom of the cloud causes the separation of charges at that... |
uantity of charge transferred to sphere 2, assume that the quantity of charge on the sphere is q. 15 To obtain more data, vary the charge on each sphere using sphere 3. Gently touch sphere 3 to sphere 1. Since the charge on each sphere should be shared equally, the new charge on sphere 1 is 1 q. The 4 q 1 q 1 charge pr... |
versely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres r : F e 1 2 r If these are the only variables that determine the electrostatic force, then F e q1q2 r 2 The beautiful fact about Coulomb’s law and Newton’s law of gravitation is that they have exactly the same form even though they arise from diff... |
ht] 34.7 N [right] Paraphrase The net electrostatic force on charge B is 34.7 N to the right. In Examples 10.3 and 10.4, the forces act along the same line, so the calculations involve only a single dimension. Examples 10.5 and 10.6 demonstrate how to calculate net electrostatic forces in two dimensions. Chapter 10 Phy... |
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