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.007 825 2.014 102 3.016 049 3.016 029 4.002 603 12 (by definition) 16.006 102 15.994 915 19.992 440 21.991 385 21.994 436 22.989 769 23.985 042 27.976 927 29.973 770 29.978 314 38.963 707 39.963 998 39.962 591 55.934 938 57.933 276 59.933 817 59.930 786 86.920 711 91.926 156 93.906 315 tellurium-112 tellurium-139 ceri... |
) activity (decay rate) number of nuclei in a sample that decay within a given time (812) alpha radiation emission of a helium nucleus; symbol is (797) altitude elevation of the ground above sea level (221) flow of 1 C of charge past ampere a point in a conductor in 1 s (602) amplitude of oscillation maximum displaceme... |
an electron; symbol is (802) beta-positive decay nuclear decay involving emission of a positron; symbol is (805) beta radiation emission of a highenergy electron; symbol is (797) binding energy net energy required to liberate all of the protons and neutrons in a nucleus (793) blackbody object that completely absorbs a... |
charged particles (830) along the same straight collinear line, either in the same or in opposite directions (71) non-collinear not along the same straight line (80) collision interaction between two objects where each receives an impulse (469) elastic collision collision in which the total kinetic energy of Ekf ) a s... |
complete back-and-forth motion or oscillation (249) cyclotron particle accelerator Particle accelerator in which the magnetic field perpendicular to the paths of the charged particles makes them follow circular paths within two hollow semicircular electrodes. An alternating voltage accelerates the charged particles ea... |
a parabola (269) efficiency ratio of the energy output to the energy input of any system (324) elastic potential energy energy resulting from an object being altered from its standard shape, without permanent deformation (300) electric field lines lines drawn to represent the electric field; density of the lines repre... |
120 splits into smaller nuclei that have greater binding energy per nucleon (818) focal length (f) distance from the vertex to the focal point, measured along the principal axis; related to the radius of curvature by f r/2 (657) force quantity measuring a push or a pull on an object; measured in newtons (127) action f... |
of a high-energy photon; symbol is (797) generator effect (electromagnetic induction) production of electricity by magnetism (611) gluon mediating particle for the strong nuclear force (838) grand unified theory quantum theory unifying the electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear forces (849) sensitive instru... |
screen (654) impulse product of the net force on an object and the time interval during an interaction. Impulse causes a change in the momentum of the object. (457) incandescent (704) glowing with heat induction movement of charge caused by an external charged object (520) inertia property of an object that resists ac... |
as to oppose the cause of the current (618) lepton subatomic particle that does not interact via the strong nuclear force (842) lowest level of ocean low tide water that occurs near Earth’s coastlines (211) M magnification relationship of the size of the image to the size of the object (656) mass defect difference bet... |
either being at rest or moving at constant velocity unless acted upon by an external non-zero net force (139) Newton’s law of universal gravitation Any two objects, A and B, in the universe exert gravitational forces of equal magnitude but opposite direction on each other. The forces are directed along the line joinin... |
Page 887 particle discrete unit of matter having mass, momentum, and the ability to carry an electric charge (639) alpha particle two neutrons bound together to form a stable particle (497) two protons and electron emitted beta particle by a nucleus; symbol is (802) fundamental particle particle that cannot be divided... |
wave (395) polar coordinates method method commonly used to show direction for vector quantities in two dimensions; the positive x-axis is at 0° and angles are measured by moving counterclockwise about the origin, or pole (78) polarization production of a state in which the plane of the electric field for each electro... |
838) quantum field theory field theory developed using both quantum mechanics and relativity theory (837) Glossary 887 20-PearsonPhys-Glossary 7/25/08 7:39 AM Page 888 quantum indeterminacy probability of finding a particle at a particular location in a double-slit interference pattern (740) quantum model light and all... |
of a series of resultant vector vectors; drawn from the tail of the first vector to the tip of the last vector (71) revolution one complete cycle for an object moving in a circular path (249) rpm revolutions per minute; imperial unit used to measure frequency (249) S scalar quantity measurement that has magnitude only... |
maximum angle of 90° (672) trajectory parabolic path or motion of a projectile (103) transmute element (806) trough region where the medium is lower than the equilibrium position (394) tuning (a musical instrument) changing the tension in the string of a musical instrument (424) change into a different U uniform circu... |
includes magnitude (speed) and direction (12) imaginary line that wave front joins all points reached by the wave at the same instant (395) Glossary 889 20-PearsonPhys-Glossary 7/25/08 7:39 AM Page 890 waves out of phase occurs when a crest from one wave occupies the same point in the medium as a trough from a second ... |
m [left] 7. d d d d page 20, 1.2 Check and Reflect 3. 72.3 m 4. 1.5 m 5. 1.61 m/s2 [down] 6. 2.8 m 7. (1) 26 m/s [down] (2) 33 m 8. 0.376 s 9. 47.9 m 10. 1.6 s 11. 6.22 s 12. 10.6 m 3. (i) D (ii) C (iii) A (iv) B 13. 1.4 s 4. 10 m; A is ahead 5. 7 km [W] 8. 2.5 m right 9. Insect B is ahead by 1.2 m. 11. Distance 26 m;... |
. 2.4 m 15. (a) 4.0 m/s2 [up] (b) 5.0 103 m (d) 7.0 103 m 16. 9.68 m/s [down] page 65, Chapter 1 Review 3. (a) 1.0 m/s [backward] (b) 2.0 m/min [right] (c) 1.7 m/s [forward] 4. 27.0 km [W] 5. 42 min 6. (1) 3.75 m/s (2) 1.25 m/s [right] (3) 25.0 m [right] 8. 2.8 s 9. 7.0 s 10. 0 m/s 11. 1.9 102 s 12. 1.5 m/s [W] 14. 60 ... |
km [S] 9. (1) 36.0 m (2) 8.0 m [down] page 90, 2.2 Check and Reflect 28 cm 48 cm; dx 4. dy 5. (a) Distance 11.5 km; Displacement 3.4 km [27° N of W] (b) Distance 522 m; Displacement 522 m [17° E of N] (c) Distance 2.95 km; Displacement 1.45 m [270°] 6. 2.0 km [45° S of E] 7. 178 m/s 8. 2.65 km [48° S of E] 9. Total di... |
0 cm [E] 2.5 km [backward] 80.0 km [right] 3. 0 m/s 7. (a) d (b) d (c) d (d) d 8. 0 m/s 9. 3.9 102 km 10. Range 86.2 m; Maximum height 30.8 m 11. 2.23 102 m horizontally; 2.83 s 12. (a) 6.4 m/s [51° E of N] 28. 99 km/h [W] 29. 1.5 102 m 30. 1.2 m/s [210°]; 4.4 m/s [210°]; 6.7 m/s [210°] 31. 1.1 102 km/h [7° N of E] 32.... |
b) 23 m 3. (b) 300 N [forward] (c) 7.50 m/s [away from cliff] (b) 3.5 m/s [N] 14. 6.5 m/s [76° up] 15. (a) 30° W of N (c) 1.4 102 s 16. 1.82 m 17. 39 s 18. 2.18 s (b) 180° 4. (a) 0° 5. 1.47 102 N [13°] 6. 42 N [153°] 7. F F 1.50 102 N [125°], 1.50 102 N [55°] T1 T2 page 139, 3.2 Concept Check 19. (a) 17° S of W (b) 95 ... |
a 1 6 1 page 158, 3.3 Check and Reflect (b) 15 m/s2 [up] 5. (a) 26 kg 6. 0.11 m/s2 [horizontally] 7. (a) 75 N [97°] 8. 0.75 m/s2 [right] 9. (a) (4.0-kg block) 1.3 m/s2 (b) 37 m/s2 [97°] [toward pulley], (2.0-kg block) 1.3 m/s2 [down] (b) 17 N page 168, 3.4 Check and Reflect 7. 10 N, 10 N [toward spring scale] 8. (a) F... |
about 13.4 times greater in magnitude page 229, 4.3 Check and Reflect 5. 2.4 N/kg [toward Earth’s centre] 6. (b) (i) 1.6 N/kg (ii) 0.72 N/kg (iii) 0.40 N/kg (c) 10rMoon 7. 9.8 N/kg 8. 540 N [down] g) 4.9 102 N [down], 9. (b) (F (w) 2.9 103 N [down] 21-PearsonPhys-AnswerKey 7/29/08 1:40 PM Page 893 (c) 0 page 286, 5.3 ... |
2 101 N [forward] (c) 6 101 N [backward] 36. 3.2 m/s2 [downhill] 37. 1.5 m/s2 [up] 38. (a) 1.3 m/s2 [toward object A] (b) (string between A and B) 51 N, (string between B and C) 44 N 39. 8.00 N [toward Earth’s centre] 41. 8.57 N/kg [toward Earth’s centre] 42. 24.3 N less on Mars 4 3. (a) (i) and (ii) 5.9 102 N (iii) 8... |
47 d 12. 1.43 104 m/s 13. 1.98 1030 kg page 288, Chapter 5 Review 14. 4 greater 17. 2.0 101 m/s 18. 7.8 102 N 19. 44.3 m/s 20. 68 N 22. 7.83 102 m/s2 23. 3.0 103 rpm 25. 13.1 m/s 26. (a) 6.00 107 m/s (b) 1.20 1016 m/s2 27. 18.0 AU 28. 1.09 1030 kg 29. (a) 1.16 1018 s or 3.66 1010 a (b) 5.18 1036 kg (c) 6.71 1015 m/s2 3... |
106 J 7. 380 N 8. 1.04 107 W page 332, Chapter 6 Review 5. 3.27 105 J 6. (a) increases by 4 7. (a) 5.12 m/s 8. 1.70 102 N/m 9. 12.7 m 10. 2.30 104 W (b) 5.59 m/s page 336, Unit III Review 16. 1 J 1 kg·m2/s2 29. 0.017 s 30. 62.5 Hz 31. 5.000 Hz, 0.2000 s 32. 1.02 103 m/s 33. 1.6 101 s 34. 3.09 m/s2 35. 1.40 102 m/s 36.... |
Reflect 4. 6.0 N opposite to the displacement 5. 1.6 m 6. 19 N [away from equilibrium] 7. 1.5 N/m 8. 0.342 N [toward equilibrium] 9. 0.028 N/m page 380, 7.3 Check and Reflect 6. 1.5 m 7. 1.08 103 m/s2 [left] 8. 1.3 103 N/m 9. 11.0° 10. 3.49 s 11. (a) 1.88 s (b) 0.900 kg (c) 16.7 m/s2 12. 3.14 m/s 13. 7.99 cm [east] 14... |
3 Check and Reflect 7. 0.106 m 9. 0.60 cm page 434, 8.4 Check and Reflect 4. 748 Hz 5. 15.7 m/s (56.6 km/h) page 436, Chapter 8 Review 5. 0.133 s 7. 0.833 cm 8. 8.6 cm 9. 1.59 102 m 10. (b) 5.6 m/s 12. (a) 2.5 Hz (b) 0.50 Hz 13. (a) 435 m/s (b) 777 Hz 14. (a) 19.7 cm (b) 59.0 cm 16. 1.4 cm 17. 308 Hz 18. 86.9 km/h (24.... |
545 N•s [W] page 486, 9.3 Check and Reflect 6. 0.018 m/s [away from bag] 7. 3.1 103 m/s [down] 8. 1.2 m/s [S] 9. 0.47 m/s [E] 10. (a) 1.11 m/s [right] (b) inelastic 11. (a) 274 kg (b) inelastic page 499, 9.4 Check and Reflect 5. 0.505 m/s [320°] 6. 0.625 m/s [48.1° N of W] 7. inelastic, 0.098 J 9. 0.603 m/s [49.6° S o... |
m/s [3.5°] 57. 3.5 m/s [65°] 58. 1.26 m/s [8.3° E of N] 59. (a) 1.8 m/s [1.8° E of N] (b) elastic 60. 1.3 m/s [downhill] 61. 15.6 m/s [34.1° S of W] 62. (a) 17 m/s 63. 4.90 m/s [2°] 64. (a) 3.04 m/s [0.0°] (b) elastic 65. 4.21 1025 kg•m/s [W] 66. (a) 3.46 m/s [4.7° W of N] (b) inelastic 67. (a) 40.0 kg (b) 14.0mT kg•m... |
) 160 N 23. Fe Fg Fe 8.22 108 N 3.63 1047 N 2.27 1039 Fg 24. X—2.43 N [90°]; Y—2.43 N [210°]; Z—2.43 N [330°] 25. (b) Fe varies as 1/r or 1/r2 (e) 0.0360 N•m2 (f ) kq1q2 (g) 2.00 106 C page 553, 11.1 Check and Reflect 7. (a) 4.50 105 N/C [right] (b) 8.99 103 N [right] 8. (a) 2.04 104 N/C [away from larger sphere] (b) 3... |
N/C [toward the 5.00 C charge] (b) 0.735 m from the 5.00 C charge 19. 1.2 107 N/C [90.0°] (b) 3.0 J 20. (a) 3.0 J 21. 5.62 104 J 22. (a) 545 V/m (b) 20.5 V 23. 0 J 24. 7.0 105 V/m 25. 2.88 1013 J or 1.80 106 eV 26. 6.40 1015 J or 4.00 104 eV page 601, 12.2 Check and Reflect 6. (a) 6.40 1015 N (b) 3.67 1015 N 7. 1.3 10... |
:40 PM Page 896 58. (a) 3.17 1012 N (b) 1.89 102 m 59. (a) 113 N [right] (b) 28.4 N [left] (c) 30.8 N [69.4°] 60. 6.6 103 V 61. (a) 2.50 104 V (b) 9.37 107 m/s (c) 2.25 1011 N 81. (b) B varies as 1/r (c) Plot B vs 1/r (f ) 0.79 T•m/A (g) 0.789 T•m/A page 647, 13.1 Check and Reflect 8. 2.5 103 Hz page 652, 13.2 Check an... |
yes (c) yes (d) no 35. 1.12, which is less than that of water 36. (a) 48.8° (c) 33.3° (b) 24.4° (d) 41.1° 37. 2.67 cm high, 3.33 cm from the lens. It is virtual, erect, and diminished. 38. 0.7°, 1.4°, 2.0° 39. 4.4 107 m; violet 40. 4.9 107 m; blue 41. 6.0 105 m page 710, 14.1 Check and Reflect 1. 4.42 1019 J 2. 8.29 1... |
page 736, 14.4 Check and Reflect 1. 36.4 nm 2. 1.33 1027 kg•m/s 3. 5.3 1026 kg•m/s 4. 2.1 1023 kg•m/s 5. (a) 3.36 1015 J (b) 8.47 1012 m 1.83 103 e/ 6. p page 742, Chapter 14 Review 3. 4.42 1019 J or 2.76 eV 4. Ex/Ev 7. 4.0 1019 J or 2.5 eV 9. It increases by 0.0024 nm. 100 10. 73 nm 11. 6.63 1027 N•s 13. 3.0 1018 pho... |
) 3.6 1012 J 6. (a) 2 1010 m (b) The gold atom is approximately 7000 times larger than the gold nucleus. 7. (b) 5.0 1015 m page 780, 15.4 Concept Check 634 nm, 654 nm page 780, 15.4 Check and Reflect 5. (b) 486 nm (c) 4.09 1019 J 6. 1.96 eV 7. (b) 1 1.9 eV; 2 2.1 eV; 3 1.5 eV; 4 3.9 eV 654 nm, visible, red; 592 nm, vis... |
1.0 GeV 3. 2.3 108 eV 4. 5.56 108 kg 8. (a) 0.366 642 u (b) 8.538 MeV/nucleon 9. (a) 100 MeV (b) 476 MeV (c) 1737 MeV 13. Nuclear radius 5.38 fm Approximate distance between nucleons 2 fm page 810, 16.2 Check and Reflect 2. 3 : 2 8. 1.819 MeV page 817, 16.3 Check and Reflect 1 1. 6 1 2. 3.7 1012 atoms/s 4. 1.2 million... |
. (a) e (b) 83138 MeV/c 2 21. (b) 10 cm (c) 1.9 1020 N•s page 855, Unit VIII Review 1 and 2 5 1 2. 9.6 107 C 3. 1.60 1018 C 4. 1.60 1016 N [N] 8. (a) ni ni (b) ni (c) ni 4 → nf 6 → nf 1 → nf 4 → nf 10. 33 neutrons, 31 protons 12. 2.0 107 eV 13. 1.0 109 J 14. 6.7 MeV 15. 2.3 109 decays/s 17. 1.4 g 22. (a) 1.022 MeV (c) ... |
and mass, 147 and net force, 146 of a mass-spring system, 366–369 units of, 23, 26 Acceleration due to gravity, 54–62 Acceleration-time graph, 26, 42 Accelerometer, 366 Action force, 160–167 Action-at-a-distance force, 200 Activity (also Decay) rate, 812 Adams, Henry, 617 Adams, John, 282 Air velocity, 92–97 Air, refr... |
98 Atomic mass unit, 791 Atomic number, 790, 791, 794, 795 Attitude of images, 656, 662, 664 Audio frequency signal, 646 Aurora borealis, 580, 597, 598f, 779 Avalanches, 448, 449 Average net force, 450 Average velocity, 12–18, 36–38 Axis of rotation, 242, 244f Axle, 242 B Background radiation, 637 Ballistic pendulum, 4... |
, 497, 790 “Change in” (Δ), 7 Charge, 593–600, 762, 798 determination of, 528, 529 magnitude of, 529–531 transfer of, 517–522 Charge migration, 520 Charge shift, 521 Charge-to-mass ratio, 755–758 Charging by induction, 521 Chemical energy vs nuclear energy, 820 Circular motion, 242–247 and Newton’s laws, 248–267 of sat... |
Coulomb’s force (see Electrostatic force) Coulomb’s law, 529–531, 768 Coulomb’s proportionality constant (k), 529, 530 Crash test dummies, 29 Crest, 394, 395, 397f, 408, 430 Critical angle, 672, 673 Crookes, William, 754 Curie, Marie and Pierre, 797, 808 Current, 587, 602–609, 642 Curved mirrors, 657–662 Cycle, 249, 3... |
46t Drift tube particle accelerator, 841 Dynamics, 126 E Earth, magnetic field of, 591, 597, 598 orbital diameter, 648f, 649 Ebonite rod, 518, 520, 521, 529 Eddington, Arthur Stanley, 821 Efficiency, 324 Effluvium theory, 544 Einstein, Albert, 199, 640, 706, 713 Einstein’s mass-energy equation, 793, 794 Elastic (also S... |
754 energy level transition of, 776, 778, 779 in charge transfer, 517–522 in Compton scattering, 721, 722 in photoelectric effect, 712–719 kinetic energy of, 730–733 mass of, 792t, 844t wave nature of, 782, 783 wavelength of, 728, 836, 837 Electron microscope, 727 Electron-positron annihilations, 836 Electron volt (eV... |
, 474 Forced frequency, 382, 383f, 385 Frame of reference, 13, 14 Franklin, Benjamin, 512, 513 Fraunhofer lines, 773 Free fall, 226, 227 Free-body diagrams, 129–135f, 146f, Gravimeters, 222 Gravitational acceleration, 217–219 Gravitational field, 200, 201, 545 Gravitational field strength, 201, 217, 220–222, 378, 379 G... |
68, 673 Gluons, 838 Gramme, Zénoble Théopile, 617 Grand unified theory, 849 Graphs, acceleration-displacement, 367f, 368f, 369f acceleration-time, 26f, 42f force-displacement of a pendulum, 361f force-displacement of a spring, 351f net force-time, 459f–462f position-time, 11f–18f, 61f, 62f Graviton, 838 Gravity, 54–62 ... |
62 Infrared radiation, 636 Infrared ray, 709f Infrared spectrum, 637, 638t Input energy, 324 Instantaneous momentum, 449 Instantaneous velocity, 24, 25 Insulators, 513, 514 Interference, 411–413, 416, 417, 685–690, 695, 696 Interference fringes, 686 Interference pattern, 425, 426f Interferometer, 649 Inverse square law... |
22-PearsonPhys-Index 7/25/08 7:40 AM Page 902 Left-hand rule, 834 for deflection of charged particles, 594, 595 for magnetic fields, 588 for magnetic force, 604, 611, 756f Lenses, 677–681 Lenz’s law, 618, 619 Leptons, 842, 843t, 848t Lewis, Gilbert, 706 Light (see also Electromagnetic radiation) from colliding objects... |
726–735, 729 Maximum, 426 Maxwell, James Clerk, 641, 648, 695, 771 902 Index Maxwell’s equations, 642 Mechanical energy, 306, 309, 311–322 Mechanical resonance, 382 Mechanical waves (see Waves) Mechanics, 306 Mediating particles, 837, 838 Medium, 394, 395, 404, 406, 411 Mesons, 842, 843t, 845, 847 Michell, John, 205 M... |
of motion, 143–157, 366, 367 and horizontal motion, 149–151 and momentum, 450–452, 456 and single pulley system, 154, 155 and two-body systems, 153, 154 and two-pulley system, 156, 157 and vertical motion, 152, 153 on objects in systems, 470, 473 Newton’s third law of motion, 161–167, 459, 474 Newton-second (N•s), 457... |
74, 575 electric potential energy between, 563 Parent element, 799 Partially reflected/refracted rays, 666 22-PearsonPhys-Index 7/25/08 7:40 AM Page 903 Particle, 639 Particle accelerator, 840f, 841, 842 Particle model, 639, 640 Particle-in-a-box model, 730–735 Paschen series, 776f Path length, 688, 689 Pauli, Wolfgang... |
, Cecil Frank, 842 Power, 324–329 Pressure waves, 406, 433 Primary cosmic rays, 841 Principal axis, 657, 677, 678 Principal focal point, 657 Principal focus, 677, 678 Principal quantum number, 774 Principle of superposition, 412, 413 Prisms, 675–677, 771 Projectile, 54, 465 Projectile motion, 54, 102–112, 108–111 Prope... |
racted ray, 666 Refraction, 666–681 Refractive index, 666, 667t, 672, 676 Regular (also Specular) reflection, 653 Relative biological effectiveness, 809 Relative motion, 91–100 Resonance, 418–420, 422–424 Resonant frequency, 381–383f, 385, 387, 418, 419 Restoring force, 353, 354, 356, 360, 362, 372, 375 Resultant vecto... |
, 636 of sound, 420, 430, 431, 434 Spin, 842 Sports, 466 Spring constant, 350, 351, 357, 374 Spring scale, 128f Spring systems, 349–354 Spring waves, 401, 402 Standard model, 848 Standing wave, 415, 417, 418, 422f, 423f Index 903 22-PearsonPhys-Index 7/25/08 7:40 AM Page 904 Static equilibrium, 555 Static friction, 171... |
401 Transverse waves, 401, 406, 408, 695f Triboelectric series, 518f Trough, 394, 395, 397f, 408 True weight, 222, 223 True weightlessness, 228 Tuned mass damper, 385, 386f Tuning, 424 Turnbull, Wallace Rupert, 166 U Ultraviolet catastrophe, 705 Ultraviolet rays, 637f, 638t Uniform circular motion, 242 Uniform motion,... |
, 684–698 Wave patterns, 731 Wave train, 395, 417 Wavelength, 395, 397f, 408, 409, 424, 427, 429–432, 636, 637, 676t and angle of diffraction, 690, 691 and Snell’s law, 669, 670 Wavelet, 684 Wave-particle duality, 726, 737–740 Weak nuclear force, 804, 838t Weight (see also Apparent weight; True weight), 128, 197, 198, ... |
other children sitting on the bus, they won’t appear to be moving either. If the ride 1 www.ck12.org FIGURE 1.1 FIGURE 1.2 is really smooth, the children may only be able to tell that the bus is moving by looking out the window and seeing you and the trees whizzing by. This example shows that how we perceive motion de... |
. CC BY 2.0 2. Bus: Flickr:torbakhopper; Children: Flickr:woodleywonderworks.. CC BY 2.0 3 CHAPTER 2 Position and Displacement www.ck12.org • Define and give an example of a frame of reference. • Describe the difference between distance and displacement. • Identify the position, distance, and displacements in various de... |
for a discussion of the difference between distance and displacement. http://www.tutorvista.com/content/physics/physics-i/motion/distance-and-displacement.php Use this resource to answer the questions that follow. MEDIA Click image to the left for more content. 1. What is the vector equivalent of the scalar “distance”... |
vector is measurement that includes both size and direction. Vectors are often represented by arrows. When using an arrow to represent velocity, the length of the arrow stands for speed, and the way the arrow points indicates the direction. If you’re still not sure of the difference between speed and velocity, watch t... |
that is used for calculating average speed. It represents velocity only if the answer also includes the direction that the object is traveling. Let’s work through a sample problem. Toni’s dog is racing down the sidewalk toward the east. The dog travels 36 meters in 18 seconds before it stops running. The velocity of t... |
. Christopher Auyeung (CK-12 Foundation); Compass: Seamus McGill.. CC BY-NC 3.0; Compass: Public Domain 2... CC BY-NC 3.0 9 www.ck12.org Average Velocity CHAPTER 4 • Explain the difference between speed and velocity. • Define the concept of average velocity. • Given displacement and time, calculate average velocity. • S... |
org Chapter 4. Average Velocity velocity would be calculated by dividing the displacement by the time interval where displacement is the change in position of the object. To show the distinction, we could calculate the average speed and the average velocity of a person who walks 50 m to the east, then turns around and ... |
.com/watch?v=BWP1tN7PZps MEDIA Click image to the left for more content. 1. The velocity versus time graph in the video is divided into six sections. In how many of these sections is the velocity constant? 2. In how many sections of the graph is the velocity zero? 3. What does the area under the curve of a velocity ver... |
and x = 0 that has a constant velocity of 80. m/s. 13 www.ck12.org The velocity of an object can be found from a position vs time graph. On a position vs time graph, the displacement The ratio of is the vertical separation between two points and the time interval is the horizontal separation. displacement to time inte... |
in the position versus time graph shown above, what is the average velocity in the time interval 1 to 3 seconds? 2. For the motion graphed in the position versus time graph shown above, what is the average velocity in the time interval 3 to 4 seconds? 3. For the motion graphed in the position versus time graph shown a... |
a unit expression. For example, in this case, it is undesirable to have two different units for time (hours and seconds) in the same unit expression. To eliminate this problem, we would convert the hour units to seconds. If we converted the original 60. km/h to m/s, it would be 17 m/s. Then the acceleration would be 3... |
actually produced from a different process. During very specific weather conditions you may see vapor trails form at the rear of the wingtips of jet aircraft on takeoff or landing. This phenomenon occurs due to a decrease in pressure and temperature as the wing generates lift. The image is an F-35 departing from Elgin ... |
. m/s2. If the boat is traveling at 30. m/s and the motor is shut off, how long it take the boat to slow down to 5.0 m/s? • uniform acceleration: Acceleration that does not change in time is uniform or constant acceleration. References 1. Courtesy of Senior Airman Julianne Showalter/U.S. Air Force. http://www.af.mil/ne... |
d = 1 2 (v f + vi)(t vit but v f = vi + at and substituting for v f yields d = 1 2 vit + d = vit + 1 2 1 2 at2 (t)(vi + at) = 1 2 vit + 1 2 vit + at2 1 2 (Equation 2) The third equation is formed by combining v f = vi + at and d = 1 and then substitute into the second equation, we get 2 (v f + vi)(t). If we solve the ... |
= 2ad solved for a. a = v2 f 2d = (30:0 m/s)2 (2)(3:50 m) = 900: m2=s2 7:00 m = 129 m/s2 Suppose we plot the velocity versus time graph for an object undergoing uniform acceleration. In this first case, we will assume the object started from rest. If the object has a uniform acceleration of 6.0 m/s2 and started from re... |
• The slope of a velocity versus time graph is the acceleration of the object. • The area under the curve of a velocity versus time graph is the displacement that occurs during the given time interval. Practice Use this resource to answer the questions that follow. MEDIA Click image to the left for more content. 1. Fo... |
motion is that an object allowed to fall vertically to the earth. In treating falling objects as uniformly accelerated motion, we must ignore air resistance. Galileo’s original statement about the motion of falling objects is: At a given location on the earth and in the absence of air resistance, all objects fall with... |
the distance traveled by the average velocity to get the time going up and then double this number since the motion is symmetrical –that is, time going up equals the time going down. The average velocity is half of 15.0 m/s or 7.5 m/s and dividing this into the distance of 11.5 m yields 1.53 seconds. This is the time ... |
left for more content. Review 1. A baseball is thrown vertically into the air with a speed of 24.7 m/s. (a) How high does it go? (b) How long does the round trip up and down require? 2. A salmon jumps up a waterfall 2.4 m high. With what minimum speed did the salmon leave the water below to reach the top? 3. A kangaro... |
read a graph correctly. For example on a position vs. time graph (thus the position is graphed on the y-axis and the time on the x-axis) for a given a data point, go straight down from it to get the time and straight across to get the position. • If there is constant acceleration the graph x vs. t produces a parabola.... |
-time graph for the car trip. Include numbers on your acceleration axis. c. On the axes below, draw a position-time graph for the car trip. Include numbers on your position axis. Be sure to note that some sections of this graph are linear and some curve –why? 4. Two cars are drag racing down El Camino. At time t = 0, t... |
protected by federal, state, and international laws. Any form of reproduction of this book in any format or medium, in whole or in sections must include the referral attribution link http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (placed in a visible location) in addition to the following terms. Except as otherwise noted, all CK-12 Co... |
is the vector that begins at the origin and ends at the arrow head of the final added vector. Consider the following two vectors. 1 www.ck12.org The red vector has a magnitude of 11 in the positive direction on the number line. The blue vector has a magnitude of -3 in the negative direction on the number line. In order... |
a2 + b2 = c2. In this case, the length of the hypotenuse would be the square root of (8100 + 2500) or 103 units. If three or four vectors are to be added by graphical means, we would continue to place each new vector head to toe with the vectors to be added until all the vectors were in the coordinate system and then ... |
.. CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0 3. CK-12 Foundation - Richard Parsons.. CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0 4. CK-12 Foundation - Richard Parsons.. CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0 5. CK-12 Foundation - Richard Parsons.. CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0 6. CK-12 Foundation - CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0.. CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0 7. CK-12 Foundation - Richard Parsons.. CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0 4 www.ck12.org Chapte... |
rst vector to the arrowhead of the last vector. The magnitude and direction of the sum vector would be measured. Mathematical Methods of Vector Addition We can add vectors mathematically using trig functions, the law of cosines, or the Pythagorean theorem. If the vectors to be added are at right angles to each other, w... |
3 N = 62.8 N north We can now consider those two vectors to be the sides of a right triangle and use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the length of the hypotenuse and use a trig function to find its direction. p c = sin x = 62:8 38:82 + 62:82 = 74 N 74 so x = sin1 0:84 so x = 58 The direction of the sum vector is 74 N at ... |
traveling across the river for 8.4 seconds and therefore, it is also traveling downstream for 8.4 seconds. We can determine the distance downstream the boat will travel by multiplying the speed downstream by the time of the trip. ddownstream = (vdownstream)(t) = (9:0 m/s)(8:4 s) = 76 m Summary • Vectors can be added m... |
References 1. CK-12 Foundation - Richard Parsons.. CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0 2. CK-12 Foundation - Richard Parsons.. CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0 3. CK-12 Foundation - Richard Parsons.. CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0 4. CK-12 Foundation - Richard Parsons.. CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0 5. CK-12 Foundation - Richard Parsons.. CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0 9 Physics Unit 4 (Two Dimens... |
NC 3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/3.0/), as amended and updated by Creative Commons from time to time (the “CC License”), which is incorporated herein by this reference. Complete terms can be found at http://www.ck12.org/terms. Printed: February 4, 2014 iii Contents www.ck12.org Contents Proje... |
the ground. To get a better feel for projectile motion, try these interactive animations: • http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/projectile-motion • http://jersey.uoregon.edu/vlab/ (Click on the applet “Cannon.”) Summary • Projectile motion is movement of an object in a curved path toward the ground because it has b... |
to analyze the motion of projectiles. 4 www.ck12.org Chapter 2. Projectile Motion for an Object Launched Horizontally In the diagram, two balls (one red and one blue) are dropped at the same time. The red ball is released with no horizontal motion and the blue ball is dropped but also given a horizontal velocity of 10... |
3 m Example Problem: A rock was thrown horizontally from a 100.0 m high cliff. It strikes the ground 90.0 m from the base of the cliff. At what speed was it thrown? 5 Solution: We can calculate how long it takes for a rock to free fall 100.0 m and then divide this time into the horizontal distance to get the horizontal... |
there is one force applied at the beginning of the trajectory after which there is no interference apart from gravity. • trajectory: The path followed by an object in projectile motion. References 1. Courtesy of PDPhoto.org. http://www.pdphoto.org/PictureDetail.php?mat=&pg=7672. Public Domain 2. CK-12 Foundation - Sam... |
to reach the top will be the same time it takes to fall back to its initial point. The initial velocity upward will be the same magnitude (opposite in direction) as the final velocity when it returns to its original height. There are several ways we could approach the upward motion. We could calculate the time it would... |
/s)(cos 66) = (4:47 m/s)(0:407) = 1:82 m/s 8 www.ck12.org Chapter 3. Projectile Motion for an Object Launched at an Angle a = 0 m/s4:08 m/s 9:80 m/s2 = 0:416 s tup = v f vi vupave = 1 height = (vupave)(tup) = (2:04 m/s)(0:416 s) = 0:849 m (4:08 m/s) = 2:04 m/s 2 ttotal trip = (2)(0:416 s) = 0:832 s dhorizontal = (0:832... |
into two components. These two components operate independently of each other. • The upward velocity undergoes constant downward acceleration which will result in it rising to a highest point and then falling backward to the ground. • The horizontal motion is constant velocity motion and undergoes no changes due to gr... |
to hit the ground? (b) How far from the base of the cliff will the arrow land? • trajectory: The ballistic trajectory of a projectile is the path that a thrown or launched projectile will take under the action of gravity, neglecting all other forces, such as air resistance, without propulsion. References 1. Flickr: Jo... |
n’ Chug: Step 1: Calculate the time required for the car to freefall from a height of 72 m. h = viyt + 1 s 2 gt2 but since viy = 0, the equation simplifies to h = 1 s 2 gt2 rearranging for the unknown variable, t, yields t = 2h g = 2(72 m) 10:0 m=s2 = 3:79 s Step 2: Solve for initial velocity: vix = d 3:79 s = 5:80 m=s... |
. a. How much time passed between the moment the car left the table and the moment it hit the floor? b. What was the horizontal velocity of the car when it hit the ground? 3. A hawk in level flight 135 m above the ground drops the fish it caught. If the hawk’s horizontal speed is 20:0 m=s, how far ahead of the drop point ... |
the stands at an altitude 30 m above its starting altitude. Assuming that the ball left the bat at an angle of 45 from the horizontal, calculate how long the ball was in the air. 11. A golfer can drive a ball with an initial speed of 40:0 m=s. If the tee and the green are separated by 100 m, but are on the same level,... |
time, which reads 3:9 seconds. From this information, calculate the angle and speed at which the ball was kicked. (Note for non-football watchers: the projectile starts and lands at the same height. It goes 43 yards horizontally in a time of 3:9 seconds) Answers to Selected Problems 1. 32 m 2. a. 0:5 s b. 0:8 m=s 3. 1... |
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