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no resulting If, on the other hand, you drop the book, it will fall to the ground pulled by a force called motion of the book. gravity. 1 www.ck12.org If you slide a book across the floor, it will experience a force of friction which acts in the opposite direction of the motion. This force will slow down the motion of ... |
it to accelerate and the larger the mass, the smaller the acceleration. Sometimes, the word inertia is used to express the resistance of an object to acceleration. Therefore, we say that a more massive object has greater inertia. The units for force are defined by the equation for Newton’s second law. Suppose we wish t... |
ate the average force that must be exerted on a 0.145 kg baseball in order to give it an acceleration of 130 m/s2. 3. After a rocket ship going from the Earth to the Moon leaves the gravitational pull of the Earth, it can shut off its engine and the ship will continue on to the Moon due to the gravitational pull of the... |
That’s because there’s also friction between the wheels and the pavement. Friction is a force that counters all kinds of motion. It occurs whenever two surfaces come into contact. Video Break Laura learned how to use forces to start and stop her skateboard by watching the videos below. Watch the video to see how the f... |
the skateboard starts moving, it would keep moving at the same speed and in the same direction if not for another unbalanced force. That force is friction between the skateboard and the pavement. The force of friction is unbalanced because Nina is no longer pushing with her foot to keep the skateboard moving. That’s w... |
/law1.html 8 www.ck12.org Review Chapter 2. Newton’s First Law 1. State Newton’s first law of motion. 2. You don’t need to push off with a foot against the ground to start a skateboard rolling down a bank. Does this violate Newton’s first law of motion? Why or why not? FIGURE 2.4 3. Nina ran into a rough patch of pavemen... |
= F m Q: While Tony races along on his rollerblades, what net force is acting on the skates? A: Tony exerts a backward force against the ground, as you can see in the Figure 3.1, first with one skate and then with the other. This force pushes him forward. Although friction partly counters the forward motion of the skat... |
eng.com/newtons-second-law-of-motion/ Review 1. State Newton’s second law of motion. 2. How can Newton’s second law of motion be represented with an equation? 3. If the net force acting on an object doubles, how will the object’s acceleration be affected? 4. Tony has a mass of 50 kg, and his friend Sam has a mass of 45... |
standing at the edge of the skating rink holding on to the side rail. If the skater exerts a force on the rail, the rail is held in place with tremendous friction and therefore, will not move in any noticeable way. The skater, on the other hand, had little friction with the ice, and therefore will be accelerated in th... |
opposite force in this case? 3. Suppose you wish to jump horizontally and in order for you to jump a distance of 4 feet horizontally, you must exert a force of 200 N. When you are standing on the ground, you have no trouble jumping 4 feet horizontally. If you are standing in a canoe, however, and you need to jump 4 fe... |
bonds in the wire or string: 16 www.ck12.org Chapter 5. Types of Forces If the object is in equilibrium, tension must be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to gravity. This force transfers the gravity acting on the object to whatever the wire or string is attached to; in the end it is usually a Normal Force ... |
.00 m/s2, what does the scale read? Answer a) If she wants to weigh less, she has to decrease her force (her weight is the force) on the scale. We will use the equation to determine in which situation she exerts less force on the scale. F = ma If the elevator is accelerating upward then the acceleration would be greate... |
the sight of a falling apple made him think of the problem of the motion of the planets. He recognized that the apple fell straight down because the earth attracted it and thought this same force of attraction might apply to the moon and that motion of the planets might be controlled by the gravity of the sun. He even... |
2 = (6:671011 Nm2=kg2 (20: m)2 )(70: kg)(50: kg) = 1:2 108 N This is such an extremely weak force, it is probably not the force of attraction John and Jane felt. Summary • Newton proposed the universal law of gravitational attraction as F = G m1m2 d2 • The universal gravitational constant, G, was determined by Cavendis... |
necessary to acceleration the rock in the same way on the earth? 4. The mass of the earth is 5.98 1024 kg and the mass of the moon is 7.35 1022 kg. If the distance between the earth and the moon is 384,000 km, what is the gravitational force on the moon? • gravity: A natural phenomenon by which physical bodies appear ... |
of the earth on the object. On the moon, this would be the gravitational force of the moon on the object. Weight is measured by a calibrated spring scale as shown here. Weight is measured in force units which is Newtons in the SI system. The weights measured for an object would not be the same on the earth and moon be... |
shows what appears to be a magic trick but is actually a center of gravity demonstration. http://www.darktube.org/watch/simple-trick-magic-no-physics Review 1. The mass of an object on the earth is 100. kg. (a) What is the weight of the object on the earth? (b) What is the mass of the object on the moon? (c) Assuming ... |
made assuming friction to be non-existent. Whenever physics intersects with the real world, however, friction must be taken into account. Friction exists between two touching surfaces because even the smoothest looking surface is quite rough on a microscopic scale. 27 www.ck12.org With the bumps, lumps, and imperfecti... |
coefficient of static friction and a coefficient of sliding friction and the two values will NOT be the same. For example, the coefficient of sliding friction for ice on ice is 0.03 whereas the coefficient of static friction for ice on ice is 0.10 –more than three times as great. Example Problem: A box weighing 2000. N is... |
= (0:20)(49 N) = 9:8 N Weight of box B = mg = (2:0 kg)(9:8 m/s2) = 19:6 N FNET = 19:6 N 9:8 N = 9:8 N a = FNET = 1:4 m/s2 mass = 9:8 N 7:0 kg Summary • Friction is caused by bodies sliding over rough surfaces. • The degree of surface roughness is indicated by the coefficient of friction, µ. • The force of friction is c... |
Force. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maria_Sharapova,_2008 _Family_Circle_Cup.JPG. Public Domain 2. CK-12 Foundation - Joy Sheng.. CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0 3. CK-12 Foundation - Richard Parsons.. CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0 30 www.ck12.org Chapter 9. Free Body Diagrams CHAPTER 9 Free Body Diagrams Students will learn how to draw ... |
law force pairs, as above. Answers Discuss in class 32 www.ck12.org Chapter 10. Problem Solving 1 CHAPTER 10 Problem Solving 1 In this lesson, students will learn how to solve difficult problems using Newton’s 2nd law. In this lesson, students will learn how to solve difficult problems using Newton’s 2nd law. Key Equati... |
on the object in question, you’ve found yourself a tension force. The direction of this force is in the same direction that the rope is pulling. e. Don’t worry about any forces acting on other objects. For instance, if you have a bologna sandwich as your object of interest, and you’re thinking about the forces acting ... |
If forces are at an angle, draw them at an angle. A great example is that when a dog on a leash runs ahead, pulling you along, it’s pulling both forward and down on your hand. d. Draw the free body diagram (FBD). e. Remember that the FBD is supposed to be helping you with your problem. For instance, if you forget a fo... |
body. 34 www.ck12.org Chapter 10. Problem Solving 1 b. Set up a sum of forces equation based on the FBD for each body. c. Newton’s Third Law will tell you which forces on different bodies are the same in magnitude. d. Your equations should equal your unknown variables at this point. Example 1 Question: Using the diagr... |
FN = :6 25:5N = 15:3N The force of static friction is greater than the component of gravity that is forcing the block down the inclined plane. Therefore the force of friction will match the force of the x-component of gravity. So the net force on the block is net force in the x direction : xcomponent o f gravity z { }|... |
c. What is the force of gravity Fg on the tractor? d. What force has been applied to the tractor so that it moves uphill? e. What is the source of this force? 5. A heavy box (mass 25 kg) is dragged along the floor by a kid at a 30 angle to the horizontal with a force of 80 N (which is the maximum force the kid can appl... |
movement somewhat analogous to the natural movement of functioning vertebrae. Below you will do the exact calculations that an engineer did to get this device patented and available for use at hospitals. a. Find the force, F, on the middle plate for the region of its movement 4x xo. Give your answer in terms of the co... |
1 and m2 of the two hanging objects as well as the tension TC. Do you then have enough information to determine the other two tensions, TA and TB? Explain your reasoning. b. If you only knew the tensions TA and TC, would you have enough information to determine the masses m1 and m2? If so, write m1 and m2 in terms of T... |
b. 5600 N c. 5700 N d. Friction between the tires and the ground e. Fuel, engine, or equal and opposite reaction 5. b. 210 N c. no, the box is flat so the normal force doesn’t change d. 2:8 m=s2 e.28 m=s f. no g. 69 N h. 57 N i. 40 N j. 0:33 k. 0:09 6. a. zero b. kx0 7. b. f1 = µkm1g cos q; f2 = µkm2g cos q c. Ma d. TA... |
(collectively “CK-12 Marks”) are trademarks and service marks of CK-12 Foundation and are protected by federal, state, and international laws. Any form of reproduction of this book in any format or medium, in whole or in sections must include the referral attribution link http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (placed in a vis... |
have quadruple the kinetic energy. The SI unit for kinetic energy (and all forms of energy) is kg m2 s2 which is equivalent to Joules, the same unit we use for work. The kinetic energy of an object can be changed by doing work on the object. The work done on an object equals the kinetic energy gain or loss by the obje... |
kinetic energy gain or loss by the object, WNET = DKE. Practice The following video discusses kinetic energy. Use this resource to answer the questions that follow. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g157qwT1918 MEDIA Click image to the left for more content. 1. Potential energy is present in objects that are ____________... |
move, this object has energy. This type of energy is stored energy and is called potential energy. An object held in a stretched If the stretched rubber band is released, the object will move. A rubber band also contains this stored energy. pebble on a flexed ruler has potential energy because if the ruler is released,... |
weight and the distance it could travel would be its height above the earth. Since the weight of an object is calculated by W = mg, then gravitational potential energy can be calculate by PE = mgh, where m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height the object will fall. 5 Exam... |
6 www.ck12.org Chapter 2. Potential Energy • Energy may be stored by holding an object elevated in a gravitational field or by holding it while a force is attempting to move it. • Potential energy may be converted to kinetic energy. • The formula for gravitational potential energy is PE = mgh. • In the absence of frict... |
Samantha Bacic.. CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0 www.ck12.org 8 www.ck12.org Chapter 3. Conservation of Energy CHAPTER 3 Conservation of Energy • State the law of conservation of energy. • Describe a closed system. • Use the law of conservation of energy to solve problems. There are many energy conversions between potential and kinet... |
= mgh, so v f are essentially the same. q (2)(9:80 m=s2)(2:00 m) = 6:26 m=s v = Example Problem: Suppose a cannon is sitting on top of a 50.0 m high hill and a 5.00 kg cannon ball is fired with a velocity of 30.0 m/s at some unknown angle. What will be the velocity of the cannon ball when it strikes the earth? Solution... |
m=s) = (0:252 kg)(V ) V = 5:60 m=s 2 mv2 = 1 (c) KECOMBINATION = 1 KELOST = KEBEFORE KEAFTER = 497 J 4 J = 493 J 2 (0:252 kg)(5:60 m=s)2 = 3:95 J Summary • In a closed system, energy may change forms but the total amount of energy is constant. Practice The following video demonstrates Newton Ball tricks. Use this reso... |
ing) and there is no friction. (a) How fast will the skier be moving on the valley floor? (b) How fast will the skier be moving on the top of the 40.0 m hill? 5. A 2.00 kg ball is thrown upward at some unknown angle from the top of a 20.0 m high building. If the initial magnitude of the velocity of the ball is 20.0 m/s,... |
on turns or going over hills or in rollercoaster loops, one must include the centripetal motion equations -for example to insure that you have enough speed to make the loop. Example 1 Watch this Explanation 12 MEDIA Click image to the left for more content. MEDIA Click image to the left for more content. www.ck12.org ... |
of the elevator with a few passengers inside. b. Now, estimate the height of a five-story building. c. Lastly, use conservation of energy to estimate the spring constant. 13 5. You are skiing down a hill. You start at rest at a height 120 m above the bottom. The slope has a 10:0 grade. Assume the total mass of skier an... |
= kx ; the force of a spring equals the spring constant multiplied by the amount the spring is stretched or compressed from its equilibrium point. The negative sign indicates it is a restoring force (i.e. direction of the force is opposite its displacement from equilibrium position. Usp = 1 that it is stretched or com... |
2. If a 5:0 kg mass attached to a spring oscillates 4.0 times every second, what is the spring constant k of the spring? 3. A horizontal spring attached to the wall is attached to a block of wood on the other end. All this is sitting on a frictionless surface. The spring is compressed 0:3 m. Due to the compression the... |
Position tab below will allow you to numerically adjust the rotational speed using the Motor field. To view the graphs of their respective motion in order to determine if they are in sync, click on Chart tab below. 2. MEDIA Click image to the left for more content. 3. Now the mass on the spring has been replaced by a m... |
.0/), as amended and updated by Creative Commons from time to time (the “CC License”), which is incorporated herein by this reference. Complete terms can be found at http://www.ck12.org/terms. Printed: April 6, 2014 iii Contents www.ck12.org Contents 1 Work 2 Power 3 Work-Energy Principle 1 4 7 iv www.ck12.org CONCEPT ... |
kilogram·m/s 2, then a Newton·meter is also kg·m 2 /s 2. This unit has also been named the Joule (pronounced Jool) in honor of James Prescott Joule, a nineteenth century English physicist. Example Problem: A boy lifts a box of apples that weighs 185 N. The box is lifted a height of 0.800 m. How much work did the boy d... |
of work. http://www.sparknotes.com/testprep/books/sat2/physics/chapter7section6.rhtml Review 1. How much work is done by the force of gravity when a 45 N object falls to the ground from a height of 4.6 m? 2. A workman carries some lumber up a staircase. The workman moves 9.6 m vertically and 22 m horizontally. If the ... |
, power is measured in Joules per second which is given a special name, the watt, W. Power = Work Time 1.00 watt = 1.00 J/s 4 www.ck12.org Concept 2. Power Another unit for power that is fairly common is horsepower. 1.00 horsepower = 746 watts Example Problem: A 70.0 kg man runs up a long flight of stairs in 4.0 s. The ... |
= 53; 000 W Summary • Power is defined as the rate at which work is done or the rate at which energy is transformed. • Power = Work Time • Power = Force velocity Practice In the following video, Mr. Edmond sings about work and power. Use this resource to answer the questions that follow. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=... |
derivation more tractable because we don’t need to worry about vectors or angles. Recall that an object’s kinetic energy is given by the formula: Ke = 1 2 mv2 [3] Consider an object of mass m accelerated from a velocity vi to v f under a constant force. The change in kinetic energy, according to [2], is equal to: DKe ... |
This quantity is given by: Fs = kDx [9] Esp = 1 2 kDx2 [10] Spring Potential Energy The derivation of [10] is left to the reader. Hint: find the average force an object experiences while moving from x = 0 to x = Dx while attached to a spring. The net work is then this force times the displacement. Since this quantity (... |
/saythanks (placed in a visible location) in addition to the following terms. Except as otherwise noted, all CK-12 Content (including CK-12 Curriculum Material) is made available to Users in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC 3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/ ... |
Cody, so he would have greater momentum. He would also be harder to stop. FIGURE 1.1 You can see an animation demonstrating the role of mass and velocity in the momentum of moving objects at this URL: http://www.science-animations.com/support-files/momentum.swf Calculating Momentum To calculate momentum with the equat... |
.org Momentum Students will learn what momentum is and how to calculate momentum of objects. In addition, students will learn how to use conservation of momentum to solve basic problems. Students will learn what momentum is and how to calculate momentum of objects. In addition, students will learn how to use conservati... |
v j + mbvb mbvb = m jv j vb = m jv j mb 50 kg 5 m/s 40 kg vb = 6:25 m/s vb = The answer is negative because Bob is traveling in the opposite direction to John. Watch this Explanation MEDIA Click image to the left for more content. Time for Practice 1. You find yourself in the middle of a frozen lake. There is no frictio... |
two pieces. One piece has twice the mass of the other. What is the ratio of their speeds? 7. While driving in your pickup truck down Highway 280 between San Francisco and Palo Alto, an asteroid lands in your truck bed! Despite its 220 kg mass, the asteroid does not destroy your 1200 kg truck. In fact, it landed perfec... |
two colliding skaters. The total momentum is the same after the collision as it was before. However, after the collision, skater 1 has more momentum and skater 2 has less momentum than before. www.ck12.org FIGURE 3.1 Q : What if two skaters have a head-on collision? Do you think momentum is conserved then? A : As in a... |
occurred with the ball. At the time, we did not consider what had happened to the bat. According to Newton’s third law, however, when the bat exerted a force on the ball, the ball also exerted an equal and opposite force on the bat. Since the time of the collision between bat and ball is the same for the bat and for t... |
and ignore friction, we are dealing with a closed system. The momentum of ball A before the collision plus the momentum of ball B before collision will equal the momentum of ball A after collision plus the momentum of ball B after collision. This is called the law of conservation of momentum and is given by the equati... |
0 (30; 000: kg)(2:2 m/s) + (30; 000: kg)(0 m/s) = (60; 000: kg)(v0 m/s) 66000 + 0 = 60000v0 v0 = 66000 60000 = 1:1 m/s After the collision, the two cars move off together toward the east with a velocity of 1.1 m/s. Summary • A closed system is one in which both the object exerting a force and the object receiving the f... |
the velocity of the second cart (m = 1:70 kg) after the spring is released? 5. Compared to falling on a tile floor, a glass may not break if it falls onto a carpeted floor. This is because a. less impulse in stopping. b. longer time to stop. c. both of these d. neither of these. 6. A butterfly is hit by a garbage truck o... |
and collisions of objects in two dimensions can be represented by axial vector components. To review axial components, revisit Vectors: Resolving Vectors into Axial Components and Vectors: Vector Addition. Example Problem: A 2.0 kg ball, A, is moving with a velocity of 5.00 m/s due west. It collides with a stationary ... |
www.ck12.org q = sin1 35800 m = 51400 kgm/s 3490 kg velocity = p 51400 = 44 north of east = 14:7 m/s @ 44 N of E Example Problem: A 6.00 kg ball, A, moving at velocity 3.00 m/s due east collides with a 6.00 kg ball, B, at rest. After the collision, A moves off at 40.0° N of E and ball B moves off at 50.0° S of E. a. W... |
stationary billiard ball B, also mass of 0.17 kg. After the collision, ball A moves off at an angle of 30° north of east with a velocity of 3.5 m/s, and ball B moves off at an angle of 60 ° south of east. What is the speed of ball B? 2. A bomb, originally sitting at rest, explodes and during the explosion breaks into ... |
B. We will use conservation of momentum. This was a completely inelastic collision. We know this because the blocks stuck together after the collision. This problem is one dimensional, because all motion happens along the same line. Thus we will use the equation (mA + mB)v f = mA vA + mB vB and solve for the velocity ... |
xel crashes into an empty school bus, 7000 kg traveling east on San Juan. The collision is perfectly inelastic. a. Find the velocity of the wreck just after collision b. Find the direction in which the wreck initially moves 7. Manrico (80:0 kg) and Leonora (60:0 kg) are figure skaters. They are moving toward each other.... |
vie mev f e mc :17kg 2:0m=s + :17kg 0m=s :17kg 1:2m=s :17kg v f c = :80m=s Now we want to find the direction of the cue ball. To do this we will use the diagram below. 22 www.ck12.org Concept 7. Elastic Collisions We know that the momentum in the y direction of the two balls is equal. Therefore we can say that the veloc... |
that Ball B travels before hitting the floor. 4. Students are doing an experiment on the lab table. A steel ball is rolled down a small ramp and allowed to hit the floor. Its impact point is carefully marked. Next a second ball of the same mass is put upon a set screw and a collision takes place such that both balls go ... |
, calculate the fourth. Rachel Flatt performs a layback spin at the 2 011 Rostelecom Cup in Moscow, Russia. When an ice skater spins, angular momentum must be conserved. When her arms or feet are far away from her body, her spin slows; when she brings her arms and feet close in to her body, she spins faster. Momentum a... |
ball is moving with a velocity of 35 m/s. Find the momentum of the ball. Solution: p = mv = (0:15 kg)(35 m/s) = 5:25 kg m/s Example Problem: If a ball with mass 5.00 kg has a momentum of 5:25 kg m/s, what is its velocity? m = 5:25 kgm/s 5:00 kg It should be clear from the equation relating impulse to change in momentu... |
le in an accident; this increases the time the car takes to stop. Similarly, barrels of water or sand in front of abutments on 27 www.ck12.org the highway and airbags serve to slow down the stoppage time. These changes all serve to decrease the amount of force it takes to stop the momentum in a car crash, which consequ... |
under them? 2. How does the video get from momentum to impulse? 28 www.ck12.org Concept 8. Momentum and Impulse Review 1. A small car with a mass of 800. kg is moving with a velocity of 27.8 m/s. (a) What is the momentum of the car? (b) What velocity is needed for a 2400. kg car in order to have the same momentum? 2. ... |
as core text as well as provide an adaptive environment for learning, powered through the FlexBook Platform®. Copyright © 2014 CK-12 Foundation, www.ck12.org The names “CK-12” and “CK12” and associated logos and the terms “FlexBook®” and “FlexBook Platform®” (collectively “CK-12 Marks”) are trademarks and service mark... |
fact, that we cannot represent it well in a drawing. In the sketch below, if the blue line is 1600 m, the amount of drop (the red line) would be 0.20 m. If the sketch were drawn to scale, the red line would be too short to see. 1 www.ck12.org When an object is launched exactly horizontally in projectile motion, it tra... |
Imagine a yo-yo. Instead of using it normally, let it fall to the end of the string, and then spin it around above your head. If we were to increase the speed at which we rotate our hand, we increase the velocity of the yo-yo - it is spinning faster. As it spins faster, it also changes direction faster. The accelerati... |
revolution). This equation can be incorporated into the equation for centripetal acceleration as shown below. www.ck12.org ac = v2 r = ( 2pr T )2 r = 4p2r T 2 Summary • In order to keep an object traveling in a circular path, there must be an acceleration toward the center of the circle. This acceleration is called ce... |
the speed. Students will also learn how to calculate that speed using the period of motion and the distance of its path (circumference of the circle it traces out). Vocabulary • centripetal acceleration: The inward acceleration that keeps an object in circular motion. • centripetal force: The inward force that keeps a... |
v represents a change in velocity, not a change in speed. The velocity of the car is not constant since it is continuously changing its direction. How then do we find the acceleration of the car? Figure below shows the instantaneous velocity vectors for the car in two different positions a very small time apart. Notice ... |
a = v2 r. Thus, the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration for an object moving with constant speed in circular motion is ac = v2 r, and its direction is toward the center of the circle. Illustrative Examples using Centripetal Acceleration and Force Example 1A: A 1000 kg car moves with a constant speed 13.0 m/s aro... |
of the materials in contact with each other- in this case rubber and asphalt. References 1. Image copyright Paul Fleet, 2012. http://www.shutterstock.com. Used under license from Shutterstock 2. Tim White (Flickr: TWHITE87). http://www.flickr.com/photos/tjwhite87/8102931300/ 3. Image copyright Andre Adams, 2012; modifie... |
etal force. Often, you will hear the term centrifugal force used to describe the outward force pushing an object away from the center of a circle. In reality, however, centrifugal forces are inertial, or fictional, forces. They only exist in the frame of reference of the object that is moving and, even then, are theoret... |
of curvature or axis of rotation. References 1. Courtesy of NASA/JPL/Cornell University. http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/multimedia/largest/EduI mageGallery.html. Public Domain 11 Physics Unit 10: Waves Patrick Marshall Jean Brainard, Ph.D. Ck12 Science James Dann, Ph.D. Say Thanks to the Authors Click http://www.... |
ck12.org/terms. Printed: April 6, 2014 iii Contents www.ck12.org 1 7 10 14 17 20 24 28 32 35 39 42 45 56 Contents 1 Measuring Waves 2 Mechanical Wave 3 Transverse Waves 4 Longitudinal Waves 5 Reflection of Mechanical Waves 6 Refraction of Mechanical Waves 7 Wave Interactions 8 Wave Interference 9 Wave Speed 10 Sound Wav... |
. The closer together the particles are, the greater the amplitude. 2 www.ck12.org Concept 1. Measuring Waves What determines a wave’s amplitude? It depends on the energy of the disturbance that causes the wave. A wave caused by a disturbance with more energy has greater amplitude. Imagine dropping a small pebble into ... |
Parts.htm. 3 www.ck12.org FIGURE 1.4 A transverse wave with a higher fre- quency has crests that are closer to- gether. The frequency of a wave is the same as the frequency of the vibrations that caused the wave. For example, to generate a higher-frequency wave in a rope, you must move the rope up and down more quickly... |
s, or 2 Hz You Try It! Problem: A wave is traveling at a speed of 2 m/s and has a frequency of 2 Hz. What is its wavelength? The Medium Matters The speed of most waves depends on the medium through which they are traveling. Generally, waves travel fastest through solids and slowest through gases. That’s because particl... |
CK-12 Foundation. 4. Christopher Auyeung. CK-12 Foundation. 6 www.ck12.org Concept 2. Mechanical Wave CONCEPT 2 • Describe mechanical waves. • Define the medium of a mechanical wave. • Identify three types of mechanical waves. Mechanical Wave No doubt you’ve seen this happen. Droplets of water fall into a body of water... |
up moving in a circle. Q: How do you think surface waves are related to transverse and longitudinal waves? A: A surface wave is combination of a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave. Summary • A mechanical wave is a disturbance in matter that transfers energy through the matter. • The matter through which a mechani... |
ves require a material medium such as water, air, or rope. Light waves, however, are electromagnetic waves and travel without a material medium. They are not mechanical waves. In all types of mechanical waves, energy moves from one place to another while the media carrying the wave only vibrates back and forth in posit... |
wave velocity is different from the velocity of the medium; the wave velocity is the velocity of the linearly transferred energy. Since the energy travels one wavelength, l, in one period, T, the velocity can be expressed as distance over time: www.ck12.org v = l T : Since period and frequency are reciprocals, the spe... |
heard 1.50 s later. (a) What is the speed of sound in air? (b) The sound wave has a frequency of 436 Hz. What is its period? (c) What is the wavelength of the sound? 2. A hiker shouts toward a vertical cliff 685 m away. The echo is heard 4.00 s later. (a) What is the speed of sound in air? (b) Why is this speed of sou... |
bnid=CAVrIJRLaBDfM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fsirius.ucsc.edu%2Fdemoweb%2Fcgi-bin%2F%3Fwavesvisible-slinky&ei=kE4FUpSDN4HXygHR84HwDg&bvm=bv.50500085,d.b2I&psig=AFQjCNEJ23OS_x3Ga2tbC3Vi2VVUfbPmQ&ust=1376165898023972 Playing with a Slinky is a childhood tradition, but few children realize they are actually playing wi... |
0:50 s) = 235 cycles c. distance = (330 m/s)(0:50 s) = 115 m Summary • Longitudinal waves cause the particles of medium to move parallel to the direction of the wave. Practice The following video explains how a tuning fork creates sound. Use this resource to answer the questions that follow. http://www.youtube.com/watc... |
ection of Mechanical Waves CONCEPT 5 Reflection of Mechanical Waves • State the law of reflection. • Solve problems using the law of reflection. • Given data about the media on either side of a barrier, determine whether the reflected wave will be upright or inverted. When mechanical waves strike a barrier, at least part o... |
also inverted (upside down). This is a general rule for mechanical waves passing from a less dense medium into a more dense medium, that is, the reflected wave will be inverted. 17 www.ck12.org The situation changes when the wave is passing from a more dense medium into a less dense medium. As you can see in the sketch... |
s surface at 30 to the normal. What will the angle of reflection be? 3. If the angle between the incident ray and the reflected ray is 90, what is the angle of incidence? 4. When a water wave is reflected from a concrete wall, will the reflected wave be inverted or upright? 5. If you tie a heavy spring to a light spring an... |
media, some of the energy is reflected and some is transmitted. When the wave strikes the media interface at an angle, the transmitted wave will move in a slightly different direction than the incident wave. This phenomenon is known as refraction. 20 www.ck12.org Concept 6. Refraction of Mechanical Waves Consider the i... |
wavelength of 3.00 m is traveling in deep water at 16.0 m/s. The wave strikes a sharp interface with shallow water with an angle of incidence of 53:0. The wave refracts into the shallow water with an angle of refraction of 30:0. What is the velocity of the wave in shallow water and what is its wavelength in the new me... |
water? a. frequency b. wavelength c. speed d. wave direction e. period 4. Which of the following change when a water wave moves across a boundary exactly along the media interface between deep water and shallow water? a. frequency b. wavelength c. speed d. wave direction e. period 5. The speed of sound is 340 m/s. A p... |
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