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and what you have to do is you really have to edit down to what you want to say and hopefully you're not talking down to kids and you're not talking in such a way that you you know couldn't stand reading it after one time so i hopefully am writing you know books that are good for children and for adults but the painting reflects i don't think differently for children than i do for adults i try to use the same kind of imagination the same kind of whimsy the same kind of love of language so you know and i have lots of wonderful looking friends this is andrew gatz and he walked in through the door and i said you sit down there you know i take lots of photos and the chair in the background is my favorite chair
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you know i take lots of photos and the chair in the background is my favorite chair so i get to put in all of the things that i love hopefully a dialog between adults and children will happen on many different levels and hopefully different kinds of humor will evolve and the books are really journals of my life i never i don't like plots i don't know what a plot means i can't stand the idea of anything that starts in the beginning you know beginning middle and end it really scares me because my life is too random and too confused and i enjoy it that way
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but anyway so we were in venice and this is our room and i had this dream that i was wearing this fantastic green gown and i was looking out the window and it was really a beautiful thing and so i was able to put that into this story which is an alphabet and hopefully go on to something else the letter c had other things in it i was fortunate also to meet the man who's sitting on the bed though i gave him hair over here and he doesn't have hair well he has some hair but well he used to have hair and with him i was able to do a project that was really fantastic
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and they said yes and they left me completely alone which was a gorgeous wonderful thing and i took the examples that they gave and just did paintings basically so this is i don't know if you can read this well susan this is a fine mess you are in
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e b white wrote us a number of rules which can either paralyze you and make you loathe him for the rest of time or you can ignore them which i do or you can i don't know what you know eat a sandwich so what i did when i was painting was i started singing because i really adore singing and i think that music is the highest form of all art
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b white wrote us a number of rules which can either paralyze you and make you loathe him for the rest of time or you can ignore them which i do or you can i don't know what you know eat a sandwich so what i did when i was painting was i started singing because i really adore singing and i think that music is the highest form of all art so i commissioned a wonderful composer nico who wrote nine songs using the text and we performed this fantastic evening of he wrote music for both amateurs and professionals i played the teacup and the slinky in the main reading room of the new york public library where you're supposed to be very very quiet and it was a phenomenally wonderful event which we hopefully will do some more who knows the new york the op ed page asked me to do a column and they said you can do whatever you want so once a month for the last year i've been doing a column called the principles of uncertainty which you know i don't know who is but i know i can throw that around now you know it's the principles of uncertainty so you know i'm going to read quickly and probably i'm going to edit some because i don't have that much time left a few of the columns
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they kind of have a sixth sense like superman's x ray vision they can sense the magnetic fields of the earth and they can use that sense to navigate hundreds of miles of open ocean i kind of give my turtle hands just to make them an easier cartoon character to work with or take this sea cucumber it's not an animal we draw cartoons of or draw at all he's like an underwater spiderman he shoots out these sticky webs to entangle his enemy of course sea cucumbers shoot them out their rears which in my opinion makes them much more interesting a superhero
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and then his sidekick is a sea turtle as i mentioned before named filmore he uses his wonderful skills at navigation to wander the oceans looking for a mate and he does manage to find them but great navigation skills lousy pick up lines he never seems to settle on any particular girl i have a hermit crab named hawthorne who doesn't get a lot of respect as a hermit crab so he kind of wishes he were a great white shark and then i'll introduce you to one more character this guy ernest who is basically a juvenile delinquent in a fish body so with characters you can make stories sometimes making a story is as easy as putting two characters in a room and seeing what happens so imagine a great white shark and a giant squid in the same bathroom
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cartoons are basically short stories i tried to find one that didn't have a whole lot of words not all of them have happy endings so how did i get started cartooning i a lot as a kid and if you spend enough time sooner or later something happens all your career options run out so you have to make a living cartooning
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before that day this is how i saw the ocean it's just a big blue surface and this is how we've seen the ocean since the beginning of time it's a mystery there's been a lot of folklore developed around the ocean mostly negative and that prompted people to make maps like this with all kinds of wonderful detail on the land but when you get to the waters edge the ocean looks like one giant puddle of blue paint and this is the way i saw the ocean at school as if to say all geography and science lessons stop at water's edge this part's not going to be on the test but that day i flew low over the islands it was a family trip to the caribbean and i flew in a small plane low over the islands
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couple of canvases i'll ask a couple of my sons to set up the canvases here i want to just say so this is jack nick and louie thanks guys so here are the all right i'll get out of the way here i'm just going to throw this into an orbit and see if i can paint everybody's shoes in the front
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as a matter of fact i was trying to think about my career since i left the white house and the best example i have is a cartoon in the new yorker a couple of years ago this little boy is looking up at his father and he says daddy when i grow up i want to be a former president
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well i have had a great blessing as a former president because i have had an access that very few other people in the world have ever had to get to know so many people around this whole universe not only am i familiar with the states in the united states but also my wife and i have visited more than countries in the world and the carter center has had full time programs in nations on earth and a lot of times when we go into a country we not only the meet the king or the president but we also meet the villagers who live in the most remote areas of africa so our overall commitment at the carter center is to promote human rights and knowing the world as i do i can tell you without any equivocation that the number one abuse of human rights on earth is strangely not addressed quite often is the abuse of women and girls there are a couple of reasons for this that i'll mention to begin with
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i have a giraffe here i'm going to throw the giraffe behind my back and whoever catches it is going to help me on this next thing sir you caught the giraffe i have a playing card in my hand freely name any card in the deck audience member of hearts helder of hearts you could have named any card in the deck but you said the of hearts ninety percent of everything is crap so there's this to prove that sturgeon was correct
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well the truth is why is the majority of everything bad and my answer is i think we stop thinking too soon i'll give you a clear little example something that people used to do around the turn of the century not this century the other one the idea was to take a piece of paper and fold it inside out using only your weaker hand in my case the left hand something that would look like this by the way you reacted i can see your lack of interest
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but if we give it a little bit more thought like a paper clip a paper clip makes this a little bit more interesting not only that if instead of using my hand with the fingers i use my hand closed into a fist that makes this even a little bit more interesting not only that but i will impose myself a time limit of one second something that would look like this now no no no
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you have the giraffe go ahead throw it in any direction so that you can find someone else at random perfect sir you're going to play my role in this story the old man turned to me and he said you could pick a red card or a black card my answer was audience member the black card
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audience member the black card indeed it was a black card he said it could be a club or a spade and my answer was audience member spade indeed it was a spade he said it could be a high spade or a low spade
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what an unsatisfying word reader is for me it conjures up images of passivity of someone sitting idly in an armchair waiting for knowledge to come to him in a neat little parcel how much better to be a participant in the past an adventurer in an undiscovered country searching for the hidden text as an academic i was a mere reader i read and taught the same classics that people had been reading and teaching for hundreds of years virgil chaucer and with every scholarly article that i published i added to human knowledge in ever diminishing slivers of insight what i wanted to be was an archaeologist of the past a discoverer of literature an indiana jones without the whip or actually with the whip
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on january a band of al militants entered the ancient city of timbuktu on the southern edge of the sahara desert there they set fire to a medieval library of manuscripts written in arabic and several african languages and ranging in subject from astronomy to geography history to medicine including one book which records perhaps the first treatment for male dysfunction unknown in the west this was the collected wisdom of an entire continent the voice of africa at a time when africa was thought not to have a voice at all the mayor of who witnessed the event called the burning of the manuscripts a crime against world cultural heritage and he was right or he would have been if it weren't for the fact that he was also lying in fact just before african scholars had collected a random assortment of old books and left them out for the terrorists to burn
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something festered inside me after this happened what i thought about was what caused the diabetes you see diabetes is an autoimmune disease where your body fights itself and at the time people thought that somehow maybe exposure to a pathogen had triggered my immune system to fight the pathogen and then kill the cells that make insulin and this is what i thought for a long period of time and that's in fact what medicine and people have focused on quite a bit the microbes that do bad things and that's where i need my assistant here now you may recognize her so i went yesterday i apologize i skipped a few of the talks and i went over to the national academy of sciences building and they sell toys giant microbes and here we go so you have caught flesh eating disease if you caught that one i gotta get back out my baseball ability here
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so unfortunately or not surprisingly most of the microbes they sell at the national academy building are pathogens everybody focuses on the things that kill us and that's what i was focusing on and it turns out that we are covered in a cloud of microbes and those microbes actually do us good much of the time rather than killing us and so we've known about this for some period of time people have used microscopes to look at the microbes that cover us i know you're not paying attention to me but
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it turns out that my father was an m d actually studied hormones i told him many times that i was tired thirsty not feeling very good and he shrugged it off i think he either thought i was just complaining a lot or it was the typical m d nothing can be wrong with my children we even went to the international society of endocrinology meeting as family in quebec and i was getting up every five minutes to pee and drinking everybody's water at the table and i think they all thought i was a
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i'm going to start with a little story so i grew up in this neighborhood when i was years old i went from being what i think was a strapping young athlete over four months slowly wasting away until i was basically a famine victim with an thirst i had basically digested away my body and this all came to a head when i was on a trip my first one ever actually on old rag mountain in west virginia and was putting my face into puddles of water and drinking like a dog that night i was taken into the emergency room and diagnosed as a type diabetic in full blown
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the microbes that cover us and if you look at them in the microscope you can see that we actually have times as many cells of microbes on us as we have human cells there's more mass in the microbes than the mass of our brain we are literally a teeming ecosystem of microorganisms and unfortunately if you want to learn about the microorganisms just looking at them in a microscope is not sufficient and so we just heard about the sequencing
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and unfortunately if you want to learn about the microorganisms just looking at them in a microscope is not sufficient and so we just heard about the sequencing it turns out that one of the best ways to look at microbes and to understand them is to look at their and that's what i've been doing for years using sequencing collecting samples from various places including the human body reading the sequence and then using that sequencing to tell us about the microbes that are in a particular place and what's amazing when you use this technology for example looking at humans we're not just covered in a sea of microbes there are thousands upon thousands of different kinds of microbes on us we have millions of genes of microbes in our human covering us and so this microbial diversity differs between people and what people have been thinking about in the last maybe years is maybe these microbes this microbial cloud in and on us and the variation between us may be responsible for some of the health and illness differences between us and that comes back to the diabetes story i was telling you
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the occasion of my first visit we toured his house and we saw hundreds of works of museum quality and then we paused in front of a closed door and dr said with obvious pride now for the piece de resistance and he opened the door and we walked into a windowless room with shelves from floor to ceiling and crammed on every shelf his collection of mayan ceramics now i know absolutely nothing about mayan ceramics but i wanted to be as ingratiating as possible so i said but dr this is absolutely dazzling yes he said that is what the louvre said they would not leave me alone until i let them have a piece but it was not a good one
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and afterwards we convened at the president's house with dr on one hand mr milliken on the other and it was only at that moment as we were sitting down to dinner that i recognized the enormity of the risk i had created because to bring these two titans these two masters of the universe together it was like introducing to godzilla over the skyline of tokyo if they didn't like each other we could all get trampled to death but they did they did like each other they got along famously until the very end of the meal and then they got into a furious argument and what they were arguing about was this whether the second harry potter movie was as good as the first mr
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i went back to south carolina after some years amid the alien corn at the tail end of the with the reckless condescension of that era thinking i would save my people never mind the fact that they were slow to acknowledge they needed saving i labored in that vineyard for a quarter century before making my way to a little kingdom of the just in upstate south carolina a methodist affiliated institution of higher learning called wofford college i knew nothing about wofford and even less about methodism but i was reassured on the first day that i taught at wofford college to find among the auditors in my classroom a old hungarian surrounded by a bevy of middle aged european women who seemed to function as an entourage of his name was sandor he was a puckish widower whose wife and children were dead and whose grandchildren lived far away in appearance he resembled mahatma gandhi minus the loincloth plus orthopedic boots
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he was a puckish widower whose wife and children were dead and whose grandchildren lived far away in appearance he resembled mahatma gandhi minus the loincloth plus orthopedic boots he had been born in in the provinces of the old austro hungarian empire in what later would become yugoslavia he was ostracized as a child not because he was a jew his parents weren't very religious anyhow but because he had been born with two club feet a condition which in those days required institutionalization and a succession of painful operations between the ages of one and he went to the commercial business high school as a young man in budapest and there he was as smart as he was modest and he enjoyed a considerable success and after graduation when he went into textile engineering the success continued he built one plant after another he married and had two sons he had friends in high places who assured him that he was of great value to the economy
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and since you know i follow his orders i'll do it but it slightly bores me
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so that was the book and so from that moment on i wanted to be a geneticist understand the gene and through that understand life so i had you know a hero at a distance it wasn't a baseball player it was linus pauling and so i applied to and they turned me down
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so we built a three stranded model the people from london came up wilkins and this collaborator or possible collaborator rosalind franklin came up and sort of laughed at our model they said it was lousy and it was so we were told to build no more models we were incompetent
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he'd written the people in london could he see their x ray photograph and they had the wisdom to say no so he didn't have it but there was ones in the literature actually linus didn't look at them that carefully but about oh months after i got to cambridge a rumor began to appear from linus son who was in cambridge that his father was now working on and so one day peter came in and he said he was peter pauling and he gave me a copy of his father's manuscripts and boy i was scared because i thought you know we may be scooped i have nothing to do no qualifications for anything
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and so there was the paper and he proposed a three stranded structure and i read it and it was just it was crap
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well if the peak ph that cells have is around seven those hydrogen bonds couldn't exist we rushed over to the chemistry department and said could pauling be right and alex hust said no so we were happy
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and we knew we were right so it was a pretty you know it all happened in about two hours from nothing to thing and we knew it was big because you know if you just put a next to t and g next to c you have a copying mechanism so we saw how genetic information is carried it's the order of the four bases so in a sense it is a sort of digital type information and you copy it by going from strand separating so you know if it didn't work this way you might as well believe it because you didn't have any other scheme
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they said we won't think about it until we know it's right but you know we thought well it's at least percent right or percent right so think about it the next five years there were essentially something like five references to our work in nature none and so we were left by ourselves and trying to do the last part of the trio how do you what does this genetic information do it was pretty obvious that it provided the information to an molecule and then how do you go from to protein for about three years we just i tried to solve the structure of it didn't yield it didn't give good x ray photographs i was decidedly unhappy a girl didn't marry me it was really you know sort of a time
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he was one of the members the question was how do you go from a four letter code to the code of proteins feynman was a member and teller and friends of but that's the only no we were only photographed twice and on both occasions you know one of us was missing the tie there's francis up on the upper right and alex rich the m d crystallographer is next to me this was taken in cambridge in september of and i'm smiling sort of forced i think because the girl i had boy she was gone
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and we knew basically provides the information for provides the information for protein and that let marshall nirenberg you know take synthetic put it in a system making protein he made so that's the first cracking of the genetic code and it was all over by so there that's what chris wanted me to do it was so what happened since then well at that time i should go back when we found the structure of i gave my first talk at cold spring harbor the physicist leo szilard he looked at me and said are you going to patent this and but he knew patent law and that we couldn't patent it because you couldn't no use for it
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now we don't have really any evidence of it but i think to give you a hypothesis the best guess is that if you're left handed you're prone to schizophrenia percent of schizophrenic people are left handed and schizophrenia has a very funny genetics which means percent of the people are genetically left handed but only half of it showed i don't have the time to say now some people who think they're right handed are genetically left handed ok
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and it was at indiana i got the impression that you know the gene was likely to be and so when i got my ph d i should go and search for so i first went to copenhagen because i thought well maybe i could become a biochemist but i discovered biochemistry was very boring it wasn't going anywhere toward you know saying what the gene was it was just nuclear science and oh that's the book little book
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it wasn't going anywhere toward you know saying what the gene was it was just nuclear science and oh that's the book little book you can read it in about two hours and but then i went to a meeting in italy and there was an unexpected speaker who wasn't on the program and he talked about and this was maurice wilkins he was trained as a physicist and after the war he wanted to do biophysics and he picked because had been determined at the rockefeller institute to possibly be the genetic molecules on the chromosomes most people believed it was proteins but wilkins you know thought was the best bet and he showed this x ray photograph
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most people believed it was proteins but wilkins you know thought was the best bet and he showed this x ray photograph sort of crystalline so had a structure even though it owed it to probably different molecules carrying different sets of instructions so there was something universal about the molecule so i wanted to work with him but he didn't want a former and i ended up in cambridge england so i went to cambridge because it was really the best place in the world then for x ray crystallography and x ray crystallography is now a subject in you know chemistry departments i mean in those days it was the domain of the physicists
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and x ray crystallography is now a subject in you know chemistry departments i mean in those days it was the domain of the physicists so the best place for x ray crystallography was at the cavendish laboratory at cambridge and there i met francis crick i went there without knowing him he was i was and within a day we had decided that maybe we could take a shortcut to finding the structure of not solve it like you know in rigorous fashion but build a model an electro model using some coordinates of you know length all that sort of stuff from x ray photographs
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he certainly wasn't smiling when i got there because he was somewhat humiliated by pauling getting the alpha helix and the cambridge people failing because they weren't chemists and certainly neither crick or i were chemists so we tried to build a model
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if is that important linus will know it he'll build a model and then we're going to be scooped
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but wilkins said no rosalind franklin was leaving in about two months and after she left he would start building models
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but wilkins said no rosalind franklin was leaving in about two months and after she left he would start building models and so i came back with that news to cambridge and bragg said build models well of course i wanted to build models and there's a picture of rosalind she really you know in one sense she was a chemist but really she would have been trained she didn't know any organic chemistry or quantum chemistry she was a crystallographer and i think part of the reason she didn't want to build models was she wasn't a chemist whereas pauling was a chemist and so crick and i you know started building models and i'd learned a little chemistry but not enough
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of the reason she didn't want to build models was she wasn't a chemist whereas pauling was a chemist and so crick and i you know started building models and i'd learned a little chemistry but not enough well we got the answer on the february and it was because of a rule which to me is a very good rule never be the brightest person in a room and we weren't we weren't the best chemists in the room i went in and showed them a pairing i'd done and jerry donohue he was a chemist he said it's wrong you've got the hydrogen atoms are in the wrong place i just put them down like they were in the books he said they were wrong
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so think about it the next five years there were essentially something like five references to our work in nature none
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he made so that's the first cracking of the genetic code and it was all over by
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and so i'll go on i'm already out of time but this is michael a very very clever mathematician turned physicist and he developed a technique which essentially will let us look at sample and eventually a million spots along it there's a chip there a conventional one then there's one made by a by a company in madison called which is way ahead of and we use their technique and what you can do is sort of compare of normal versus cancer and you can see on the top that cancers which are bad show or deletions
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why is black lives matter important for the us right now and in the world black lives matter is our call to action it is a tool to a world where black people are free to exist free to live it is a tool for our allies to show up differently for us i grew up in a neighborhood that was heavily policed i witnessed my brothers and my siblings continuously stopped and frisked by law enforcement
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we're entering a second generation of no progress in terms of human flight in space in fact we've we stand a very big chance of losing our ability to inspire our youth to go out and continue this very important thing that we as a species have always done and that is instinctively we've gone out and climbed over difficult places went to more hostile places and found out later maybe to our surprise that that's the reason we survived and i feel very strongly that it's not good enough for us to have generations of kids that think that it's ok to look forward to a better version of a cell phone with a video in it they need to look forward to exploration they need to look forward to colonization they need to look forward to breakthroughs we need to inspire them because they need to lead us and help us survive in the future i'm particularly troubled that what nasa's doing right now with this new bush doctrine to for this next decade and a half oh shoot i screwed up we have real specific instructions here not to talk about politics
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the governments have been doing this three governments have been doing this for years and still four percent of the people that have left the atmosphere have died that's you don't want to run a business with that kind of a safety record it'll be very high volume we think people will fly by i can't tell you when this will start because i don't want my competition to know my schedule but i think once it does we will find solutions and very quickly you'll see those resort hotels in orbit and that real easy thing to do which is a swing around the moon so you have this cool view and that will be really cool because the moon doesn't have an atmosphere you can do an elliptical orbit and miss it by feet if you want oh it's going to be so much fun
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not the bank's computer or lockheed's computer but the home computer was for games for a whole decade it was for fun we didn't even know what it was for but what happened the fact that we had this big industry big development big improvement and capability and so on and they get out there in enough homes we were ripe for a new invention and the inventor is in this audience al gore invented the internet and because of that something that we used for a whole year excuse me a whole decade for fun became everything our commerce our research our communication and if we let the guys think for another couple weekends we can add a dozen more things to the list
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years later and we're going to do it very specifically planned to not learn anything new i'm really troubled by that but anyway that's the basis of the thing that i want to share with you today though is that right back to where we inspire people who will be our great leaders later that's the theme of my next minutes here and i think that the inspiration begins when you're very young three up to olds what they look at is the most important thing let's take a snapshot at aviation and there was a wonderful little short four year time period when marvelous things happened it started in when the wright brothers flew in paris and everybody said ooh hey i can do that
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if you look at what happened this little black line is as fast as man ever flew and the red line is top line military fighters and the blue line is commercial air transport you notice here's a big jump when i was a little kid and i think that had something to do with giving me the courage to go out and try something that other people weren't having the courage to try well what did i do when i was a kid i didn't do the and the girls and the dancing and well we didn't have drugs in those days but i did competition model airplanes i spent about seven years during the vietnam war flight testing airplanes for the air force
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but i did competition model airplanes i spent about seven years during the vietnam war flight testing airplanes for the air force and then i went in and i had a lot of fun building airplanes that people could build in their garages and some of those are flying of course one of them is around the world voyager i founded another company in which is my company now and we have developed more than one new type of airplane every year since and there's a lot of them that i actually can't show you on this chart the most impressive airplane ever i believe was designed only a dozen years after the first operational jet
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and then we ran out of food completely miles short of the first of the depots that we'd laid on our outward journey we'd laid depots of food literally burying food and fuel for our return journey the fuel was for a cooker so you could melt snow to get water and i was forced to make the decision to call for a resupply flight a ski plane carrying eight days of food to tide us over that gap they took hours to reach us from the other side of antarctica calling for that plane was one of the toughest decisions of my life and i sound like a bit of a fraud standing here now with a sort of belly i've put on pounds in the last three weeks being that hungry has left an interesting mental scar which is that i've been up every hotel buffet that i can find
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i've got some very faint probably covered in makeup now frostbite scars i've got one on my nose one on each cheek from where the goggles are but inside i am a very different person indeed if i'm honest antarctica challenged me and humbled me so deeply that i'm not sure i'll ever be able to put it into words i'm still struggling to piece together my thoughts that i'm standing here telling this story is proof that we all can accomplish great things through ambition through passion through sheer stubbornness by refusing to quit that if you dream something hard enough as sting said it does indeed come to pass but i'm also standing here saying you know what that cliche about the journey being more important than the destination there's something in that the closer i got to my finish line that rocky coast of ross island the more i started to realize that the biggest lesson that this very long very hard walk might be teaching me is that happiness is not a finish line that for us humans the perfection that so many of us seem to dream of might not ever be truly attainable and that if we can't feel content here today now on our journeys amidst the mess and the striving that we all inhabit the open loops the half finished to do lists the could then we might never feel it a lot of people have asked me what next right now i am very happy just recovering and in front of hotel buffets but as bob hope put it i feel very humble but i think i have the strength of character to fight it
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i'm supposed to scare you because it's about fear right and you should be really afraid but not for the reasons why you think you should be you should be really afraid that if we stick up the first slide on this thing there we go that you're missing out because if you spend this week thinking about iraq and thinking about bush and thinking about the stock market you're going to miss one of the greatest adventures that we've ever been on and this is what this really about this is crystallized every life form on this planet every insect every bacteria every plant every animal every human every politician is coded in that stuff
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and we're just beginning to understand this stuff and this is the single most exciting adventure that we have ever been on it's the single greatest mapping project we've ever been on if you think that the mapping of america's made a difference or landing on the moon or this other stuff it's the map of ourselves and the map of every plant and every insect and every bacteria that really makes a difference and it's beginning to tell us a lot about evolution
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huge gene sequencing facilities the size of football fields some are public some are private it takes about billion dollars to sequence a human being the first time takes about million dollars the second time we will have a genome within the next five to eight years that means each of you will contain on a cd your entire gene code and it will be really boring it will read like this
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the reason why he's reprogramming that animal to have more wings is because when you used to play with lizards as a little child and you picked up the lizard sometimes the tail fell off but it not so in human beings you cut off an arm you cut off a leg it doesn't but because each of your cells contains your entire gene code each cell can be reprogrammed if we don't stop stem cell research and if we don't stop research to express different body functions and in the measure that we learn how chickens grow wings and what the program is for those cells to differentiate one of the things we're going to be able to do is to stop undifferentiated cells which you know as cancer and one of the things we're going to learn how to do is how to reprogram cells like stem cells in such a way that they express bone stomach skin pancreas and you are likely to be wandering around and your children on body parts in a reasonable period of time in some places in the world where they don't stop the research how's this stuff work if each of you differs from the person next to you by one in a thousand but only three percent codes which means it's only one in a thousand times three percent very small differences in expression and punctuation can make a significant difference take a simple sentence
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okay now women look at that sentence and they say uh uh wrong this is the way it should be seen
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they're focusing on the war they're focusing on bush they're not interested in life so this is what a new map of the world looks like that is the literate world and that is a problem in fact it's not a literate world you can break this out by states and you can watch states rise and fall depending on their ability to speak a language of life and you can watch new york fall off a cliff and you can watch new jersey fall off a cliff and you can watch the rise of the new empires of intelligence and you can break it out by counties because it's specific counties and if you want to get more specific it's actually specific zip codes
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percent two billion people one third of the global population producing percent of the wealth because they didn't get this change because they kept treating their people like serfs instead of like shareholders of a common project they didn't keep the people who were educated they didn't foment the businesses they didn't do the silicon valley did and that's why they say that silicon valley has been powered by not integrated circuits indians and chinese
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and this has not stopped in the these are sovereign states that did not exist before and this doesn't include or name changes or changes in flags we're generating about states per year people are taking control of their own states sometimes for the better and sometimes for the worse and the really interesting thing is you and your kids are empowered to build great empires and you don't need a lot to do it and given that the music is over i was going to talk about how you can use this to generate a lot of wealth and how code works moderator two minutes
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it turns out that what this stuff is and richard dawkins has written about this is this is really a river out of eden so the billion base pairs inside each of your cells is really a history of where you've been for the past billion years and we could start dating things and we could start changing medicine and archeology it turns out that if you take the human species about years ago white europeans diverged from black africans in a very significant way white europeans were subject to the plague and when they were subject to the plague most people didn't survive but those who survived had a mutation on the receptor
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so all you guys have heard about all the stuff that does but some of the stuff we're discovering is kind of nifty because this turns out to be the single most abundant species on the planet if you think you're successful or cockroaches are successful it turns out that there's ten trillion trillion sitting out there and we didn't know that was out there which is part of the reason why this whole species mapping project is so important because we're just beginning to learn where we came from and what we are and we're finding amoebas like this
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and we're finding amoebas like this this is the amoeba and the amoeba doesn't look like much except that each of you has about billion letters which is what makes you you as far as gene code inside each of your cells and this little amoeba which you know sits in water in hundreds and millions and billions turns out to have billion base pairs of gene code inside so this little has a genome that's times the size of yours and if you're thinking of efficient information storage mechanisms it may not turn out to be chips it may turn out to be something that looks a little like that amoeba and again we're learning from life and how life works this funky little thing people didn't used to think that it was worth taking samples out of nuclear reactors because it was dangerous and of course nothing lived there
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this is a really odd one this is the reason why is interesting is because it eats iron lives inside the equivalent of battery acid and sulfuric acid so when you think of odd life forms when you think of what it takes to live it turns out this is a very efficient life form and they call it an means the ancient ones and the reason why they're ancient is because this thing came up when this planet was covered by things like sulfuric acid in batteries and it was eating iron when the earth was part of a melted core so it's not just dogs and cats and whales and dolphins that you should be aware of and interested in on this little journey your fear should be that you are not that you're paying attention to stuff which is temporal i mean george bush he's going to be gone alright life isn't
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your fear should be that you are not that you're paying attention to stuff which is temporal i mean george bush he's going to be gone alright life isn't whether the humans survive or don't survive these things are going to be living on this planet or other planets and it's just beginning to understand this code of that's really the most exciting intellectual adventure that we've ever been on and you can do strange things with this stuff this is a baby conservation group gets together tries to figure out how to breed an animal that's almost extinct they can't do it naturally so what they do with this thing is they take a spoon take some cells out of an adult mouth code take the cells from that and insert it into a fertilized cow's egg reprogram cow's egg different gene code
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conservation group gets together tries to figure out how to breed an animal that's almost extinct they can't do it naturally so what they do with this thing is they take a spoon take some cells out of an adult mouth code take the cells from that and insert it into a fertilized cow's egg reprogram cow's egg different gene code when you do that the cow gives birth to a we are now experimenting with bongos pandas sumatran tigers and the australians bless their hearts are playing with these things now the last of these things died in september these are tasmanian tigers the last known one died at the hobart zoo but it turns out that as we learn more about gene code and how to reprogram species we may be able to close the gene gaps in deteriorate and when we learn how to close the gene gaps then we can put a full string of together
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but it turns out that as we learn more about gene code and how to reprogram species we may be able to close the gene gaps in deteriorate and when we learn how to close the gene gaps then we can put a full string of together and if we do that and insert this into a fertilized wolf's egg we may give birth to an animal that hasn't walked the earth since and then you can start going back further and you can start thinking about dodos and you can think about other species and in other places like maryland they're trying to figure out what the primordial ancestor is because each of us contains our entire gene code of where we've been for the past billion years because we've evolved from that stuff you can take that tree of life and collapse it back and in the measure that you learn to reprogram maybe we'll give birth to something that is very close to the first primordial ooze and it's all coming out of things that look like this these are companies that didn't exist five years ago huge gene sequencing facilities the size of football fields
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in the measure that you have the source code as all of you know you can change the source code and you can reprogram life forms so that this little thingy becomes a vaccine or this little thingy starts producing biomaterials which is why dupont is now growing a form of polyester that feels like silk in corn this changes all rules
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is not genetic it's not a birth defect you can't catch it no one put a curse on my mother's uterus and i didn't get it because my parents are first cousins which they are
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people with disabilities are the largest minority in the world and we are the most underrepresented in entertainment the doctors said that i wouldn't walk but i am here in front of you however if i grew up with social media i don't think i would be i hope that together we can create more positive images of disability in the media and in everyday life perhaps if there were more positive images it would foster less hate on the internet or maybe not
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because it feels like you're being pulled down and you don't need to do anything i can go from meters to meters without making a single movement i let myself be pulled by the depths and it feels like i'm flying underwater it's truly an amazing feeling an extraordinary feeling of freedom and so i slowly continue sliding to the bottom meters down meters down and between and meters a second physiological response kicks in my lungs reach residual volume below which they're not supposed to be compressed in theory and this second response is called blood shift or pulmonary erection in french i prefer blood shift
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announcer seconds five four three two one official top plus one two three four five six seven eight nine ten guillaume france constant weight meters three minutes and seconds national record attempt
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and when i was five my parents gave me an orange schwinn sting ray bicycle it had a swooping banana seat and those ape hanger handlebars that made the rider look like an orangutan that's why they were called ape hangers they were actually modeled on motorcycles of the which i'm sure my mom didn't know and one day i was exploring this cul hidden away a few streets away and i came back and i wanted to turn around and get back to that street more quickly so i decided to turn around in this big street that intersected our neighborhood and wham i was hit by a passing sedan my mangled body flew in one direction my mangled bike flew in the other and i lay on the pavement stretching over that yellow line and one of my neighbors came running over andy andy how are you doing she said using the name of my older brother
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so that afternoon i went back to my house and my three year old identical twin daughters eden and feiler came running to meet me they'd just turned three and they were into all things pink and purple in fact we called them and although i must say our favorite nickname occurred on their birthday april when they were born at and on april our otherwise grim humorless doctor looked at his watch and was like april tax day early filer and late filer
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what i didn't tell her is if she said yes you could jump you don't need the waiting period because you don't need the get you session at that point so i wasn't going to tell her about this idea but the next day i couldn't control myself i told her and she loved the idea but she quickly started rejecting my nominees she was like well i love him but i would never ask him for advice so it turned out that starting a council of dads was a very efficient way to find out what my wife really thought of my friends
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cancer i found is a passport to intimacy it is an invitation maybe even a mandate to enter the most vital arenas of human life the most sensitive and the most frightening the ones that we never want to go to but when we do go there we feel incredibly transformed when we do and this also happened to my girls as they began to see and we thought maybe became an ounce more compassionate one day my daughter came to me and she said i have so much love for you in my body daddy i can't stop giving you hugs and kisses and when i have no more love left i just drink milk because that's where love comes from
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and no one captures this modern manhood to me more than david black now david is my literary agent he's about five foot three and a half on a good day standing fully upright in cowboy boots and on kind of the manly male front he answers the phone i can say this i guess because you've done it here he answers the phone yo he gives boring speeches about obscure bottles of wine and on his birthday he bought a convertible sports car although like a lot of men he's impatient he bought it on his but like a lot of modern men he hugs he bakes he leaves work early to coach little league someone asked me if he cried when i asked him to be in the council of dads i was like david cries when you invite him to take a walk
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actually began when i was four years old and my family moved to a new neighborhood in our hometown of savannah georgia and this was the when actually all the streets in this neighborhood were named after confederate war generals we lived on robert e lee boulevard and when i was five my parents gave me an orange schwinn sting ray bicycle it had a swooping banana seat and those ape hanger handlebars that made the rider look like an orangutan that's why they were called ape hangers
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in fact i made a living by walking i traveled around the world entered different cultures wrote a series of books about my travels including walking the bible i hosted a television show by that name on i was for all the world the walking guy
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i hosted a television show by that name on i was for all the world the walking guy until in may a visit to my doctor and a blood test produced evidence in the form of an alkaline number that something might be wrong with my bones and my doctor on a whim sent me to get a full body bone scan which showed that there was some growth in my left leg that sent me to an x ray then to an and one afternoon i got a call from my doctor the tumor in your leg is not consistent with a benign tumor i stopped walking and it took my mind a second to convert that double negative into a much more horrifying negative i have cancer
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anyway so they had just turned three and they came and they were doing this dance they had just made up where they were twirling faster and faster until they tumbled to the ground laughing with all the glee in the world i crumbled i kept imagining all the walks i might not take with them the art projects i might not mess up the boyfriends i might not scowl at the aisles i might not walk down would they wonder who i was i thought
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she's a very upbeat naturally excited person there's this idea in this culture i don't have to tell you that you sort of happy your way through a problem we should focus on the positive my wife as i said she grew up outside of boston
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it was christmas day i was forging into the southern ocean underneath australia the conditions were horrendous i was approaching a part in the ocean which was miles away from the nearest town the nearest land was antarctica and the nearest people would be those manning the european space station above me
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the speed i so desperately needed brought with it danger we all know what it's like driving a car miles an hour it's not too stressful we can concentrate we can turn on the radio take that accelerate through to miles an hour now you have white knuckles and you're gripping the steering wheel now take that car off road at night and remove the wipers the the headlights and the brakes that's what it's like in the southern ocean
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photo was taken in the burner of a coal fired power station i was fascinated by coal fundamental to our global energy needs but also very close to my family my great grandfather was a coal miner and he spent years of his life underground this is a photo of him and when you see that photo you see someone from another era no one wears trousers with a quite that high in this day and age
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i will never forget the feeling of adventure as i climbed on board the boat and stared into her tiny cabin for the first time but the most amazing feeling was the feeling of freedom the feeling that i felt when we hoisted her sails as a four child it was the greatest sense of freedom that i could ever imagine i made my mind up there and then that one day somehow i was going to sail around the world so i did what i could in my life to get closer to that dream age it was saving my school dinner money change every single day for eight years i had mashed potato and baked beans which cost each and gravy was free every day i would pile up the change on the top of my money box and when that pile reached a pound i would drop it in and cross off one of the squares i'd drawn on a piece of paper finally i bought a tiny dinghy
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every day i would pile up the change on the top of my money box and when that pile reached a pound i would drop it in and cross off one of the squares i'd drawn on a piece of paper finally i bought a tiny dinghy i spent hours sitting on it in the garden dreaming of my goal i read every book i could on sailing and then eventually having been told by my school i wasn't clever enough to be a vet left school age to begin my apprenticeship in sailing so imagine how it felt just four years later to be sitting in a boardroom in front of someone who i knew could make that dream come true i felt like my life depended on that moment and incredibly he said yes and i could barely contain my excitement as i sat in that first design meeting designing a boat on which i was going to sail solo nonstop around the world from that first meeting to the finish line of the race it was everything i'd ever imagined just like in my dreams there were amazing parts and tough parts
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like many of us i've had several careers in my life and although they've been varied my first job set the foundation for all of them i was a home birth midwife throughout my delivering babies taught me valuable and sometimes surprising things like how to start a car at when it's degrees below zero
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i sent her a cartoon from its pages as a way of explaining why we should visit a therapist before having my bone marrow harvested and transplanted into her body here it is i have never forgiven him for that thing i made up in my head
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i told my sister we had probably been doing the same thing carting around made up stories in our heads that kept us separate and i told her that after the transplant all of the blood flowing in her veins would be my blood made from my marrow cells and that inside the nucleus of each of those cells is a complete set of my i will be swimming around in you for the rest of your life i told my slightly horrified sister
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