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10,834
so we know that there's lots of crows we found out they're really smart and they can teach each other when all this became clear i realized the only obvious thing to do is build a vending machine so that's what we did this is a vending machine for crows and it uses training to shape their behavior over four stages
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this is a vending machine for crows and it uses training to shape their behavior over four stages it's pretty simple basically what happens is that we put this out in a field or someplace where there's lots of crows we put coins and peanuts all around the base of the machine crows eventually come by eat the peanuts and get used to the machine being there eventually they eat all the peanuts then they see peanuts here on the feeder tray and hop up and help themselves then they leave the machine spits up more coins and peanuts and life is dandy if you're a crow you can come back anytime and get yourself a peanut
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so when they get really used to that we move on to the crows coming back now they're used to the sound of the machine they keep coming back and digging out peanuts from the pile of coins that's there when they get really happy about this we stymie them we move to the third stage where we only give them a coin now like most of us who have gotten used to a good thing this really them off so they do what they do in nature when they're looking for something sweep things out of the way with their beak they do that here and that knocks the coins down the slot
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my job is to design build and study robots that communicate with people but this story doesn't start with robotics at all it starts with animation when i first saw jr i was amazed by how much emotion they could put into something as trivial as a desk lamp i mean look at them at the end of this movie you actually feel something for two pieces of furniture
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a year later i found myself at mit in the robotic life group it was one of the first groups researching the relationships between humans and robots and i still had this dream to make an actual physical jr lamp but i found that robots didn't move at all in this engaging way that i was used to from my animation studies instead they were all how should i put it they were all kind of robotic
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so i went and designed frame by frame to try to make this robot as graceful and engaging as possible and here when you see the robot interacting with me on a desktop and i'm actually redesigning the robot so unbeknownst to itself it's kind of digging its own grave by helping me
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and i thought humans and robots don't look at all like this when humans and robots interact it's much more like a chess game the human does a thing the robot analyzes whatever the human did the robot decides what to do next plans it and does it then the human waits until it's their turn again so it's much more like a chess game and that makes sense because chess is great for mathematicians and computer scientists it's all about information analysis decision making and planning but i wanted my robot to be less of a chess player and more like a doer that just clicks and works together so i made my second horrible career choice i decided to study acting for a semester i took off from the i went to acting classes i actually participated in a play i hope no video of that around still
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and i got every book i could find about acting including one from the century that i got from the library and i was really amazed because my name was the second name on the list the previous name was in
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let's call it the adventurous brain it sometimes acts without knowing everything it has to know it sometimes makes mistakes and corrects them and i had them do this very tedious task that took almost minutes and they had to work together somehow simulating like a factory job of doing the same thing what i found is that people actually loved the adventurous robot they thought it was more intelligent more committed a better member of the team contributed to the success of the team more they even called it he and she whereas people with the calculated brain called it it and nobody ever called it he or she when they talked about it after the task with the adventurous brain they said by the end we were good friends and high mentally whatever that means
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being a musician is not just about making notes otherwise nobody would ever go see a live show musicians also communicate with their bodies with other band members with the audience they use their bodies to express the music and i thought we already have a robot musician on stage why not make it be a full fledged musician and i started designing a socially expressive head for the robot the head actually touch the marimba it just expresses what the music is like these are some napkin sketches from a bar in atlanta that was dangerously located exactly halfway between my lab and my home so i spent i would say on average three to four hours a day there i think
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whenever they did news stories about building violations in new york they would put the report in front of our building as kind of like a backdrop to show how bad things are anyway during the day i went to school and at night i would sit and draw frame by frame of pencil animation and i learned two surprising lessons
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and in that situation we can easily imagine robots in the near future being there with us it was after a passover seder we were folding up a lot of folding chairs and i was amazed at how quickly we found our own rhythm
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it became very popular in the century and method acting said you don't have to plan every muscle in your body instead you have to use your body to find the right movement you have to use your sense memory to reconstruct the emotions and kind of think with your body to find the right expression improvise play off your scene partner
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and i even took another month to do what was then the first theater play with a human and a robot acting together that's what you saw before with the actors and i thought how can we make an artificial intelligence model a computer computational model that will model some of these ideas of improvisation of taking risks of taking chances even of making mistakes maybe it can make for better robotic teammates so i worked for quite a long time on these models and i implemented them on a number of robots here you can see a very early example with the robots trying to use this embodied artificial intelligence to try to match my movements as closely as possible it's sort of like a game let's look at it you can see when i psych it out it gets fooled and it's a little bit like what you might see actors do when they try to mirror each other to find the right between them
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you can see when i psych it out it gets fooled and it's a little bit like what you might see actors do when they try to mirror each other to find the right between them and then i did another experiment and i got people off the street to use the robotic desk lamp and try out this idea of embodied artificial intelligence so i actually used two kinds of brains for the same robot the robot is the same lamp that you saw and i put two brains in it for one half of the people i put in a brain that's kind of the traditional calculated robotic brain it waits for its turn it analyzes everything it plans let's call it the calculated brain the other got more the stage actor risk taker brain
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and in a way i thought maybe it's time just like method acting changed the way people thought about acting in the century from going from the very calculated planned way of behaving to a more intuitive risk taking embodied way of behaving maybe it's time for robots to have the same kind of revolution a few years later i was at my next research job at georgia tech in atlanta and i was working in a group dealing with robotic musicians and i thought music that's the perfect place to look at teamwork coordination timing improvisation and we just got this robot playing marimba
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and notice one thing how the robot is really showing us the beat it's picking up from the human while also giving the human a sense that the robot knows what it's doing and also how it changes the way it moves as soon as it starts its own solo now it's looking at me showing that it's listening
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get the impression that this is very subjective you are all smelling pretty much the same thing ok smell has this reputation of being somewhat different for each person its not really true and shows you that cant be true because if it were like that it be an art ok now while the smell over you let me tell you the history of an idea everything that smelling in here is made up of atoms that come from what i call the upper east side of the periodic table a nice safe neighborhood
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now the slight fly in the ointment is this that if we smell molecular vibrations we must have a in our nose now this is a ok on my laboratory bench and its fair to say that if you look up nose unlikely to see anything resembling this and this is the main objection to the theory ok great we smell vibrations how all right now when people ask this kind of question they neglect something which is that physicists are really clever unlike biologists
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ok now if something absorbs the energy the electron can travel so here you have a system you have something and plenty of that stuff in biology some substance giving an electron and the electron tries to jump and only when a molecule comes along that has the right vibration does the reaction happen ok this is the basis for the device that these two guys at ford built and every single part of this mechanism is actually plausible in biology in other words taken off components and made a whats nice about this idea if you have a philosophical bent of mind is that then it tells you that the nose the ear and the eye are all senses of course it matter because it could also be that not but it has a certain it has a certain ring to it which is attractive to people who read too much century german literature
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fragrance that you will smell you will never be able to smell this way again its a fragrance called beyond paradise which you can find in any store in the nation except here its been split up in parts by este lauder and by the who did it becker and i'm most grateful to them for this and its been split up in successive bits and a chord so what smelling now is the top note and then will come what they call the heart the lush heart note
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some people have tried in the to add things from the bad parts and it really work these are the five atoms from which just about everything that going to smell in real life from coffee to fragrance are made of the top note that you smelled at the very beginning the cut grass green what we call in weird terms and this would be called a green note because it smells of something green like cut grass this is and i had to learn chemistry on the fly in the last three years a very expensive high school chemistry education
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the other theory is that we smell molecular vibrations now this is a totally insane idea and when i first came across it in the early i thought my predecessor malcolm dyson and bob wright had really taken leave of their senses and ill explain to you why this was the case however i came to realize gradually that they may be right and i have to convince all my colleagues that this is so but im working on it how shape works in normal receptors you have a molecule coming in it gets into the protein which is schematic here and it causes this thing to switch to turn to move in some way by binding in certain parts
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so i don't know no just this thanks i don't know what you would do if you were told your job is to save the planet put that on the job description and you have full responsibility but you have absolutely no authority because governments are sovereign in every decision that they take well i would really love to know what you would do on the first monday morning but here's what i did i panicked
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i have one more reason for optimism climate change maybe you don't believe it but here is the fact on december in paris under the united nations governments got together and unanimously if you've worked with governments you know how difficult that is unanimously decided to intentionally change the course of the global economy in order to protect the most vulnerable and improve the life of all of us now that is a remarkable achievement but it is even more remarkable if you consider where we had been just a few years ago
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thank you so much chris and it's truly a great honor to have the opportunity to come to this stage twice i'm extremely grateful i have been blown away by this conference and i want to thank all of you for the many nice comments about what i had to say the other night and i say that sincerely partly because i need that
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we were driving from our home in nashville to a little farm we have miles east of nashville driving ourselves
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i looked in the rear view mirror and all of a sudden it just hit me there was no motorcade back there
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it was dinnertime and we started looking for a place to eat we were on we got to exit lebanon tennessee we got off the exit we found a shoney's restaurant low cost family restaurant chain for those of you who don't know it we went in and sat down at the booth and the waitress came over made a big commotion over tipper
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i add new images because i learn more about it every time i give it it's like beach combing you know every time the tide comes in and out you find some more shells just in the last two days we got the new temperature records in january this is just for the united states of america historical average for is degrees last month was degrees now i know that you wanted some more bad news about the environment i'm kidding but these are the slides and then i'm going to go into new material about what you can do but i wanted to elaborate on a couple of these
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first of all this is where we're projected to go with the u s contribution to global warming under business as usual efficiency in end use electricity and end use of all energy is the low hanging fruit efficiency and conservation it's not a cost it's a profit the sign is wrong it's not negative it's positive these are investments that pay for themselves but they are also very effective in deflecting our path
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cars and trucks i talked about that in the but i want you to put it in perspective it's an easy visible target of concern and it should be but there is more global warming pollution that comes from buildings than from cars and trucks cars and trucks are very significant and we have the lowest standards in the world and so we should address that but it's part of the puzzle other transportation efficiency is as important as cars and trucks at the current levels of technological efficiency can make this much difference
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other transportation efficiency is as important as cars and trucks at the current levels of technological efficiency can make this much difference and with what and john doerr and others many of you here there are a lot of people directly involved in this this wedge is going to grow much more rapidly than the current projection shows it carbon capture and sequestration that's what ccs stands for is likely to become the killer app that will enable us to continue to use fossil fuels in a way that is safe not quite there yet ok now what can you do reduce emissions in your home most of these expenditures are also profitable insulation better design
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be a green consumer you have choices with everything you buy between things that have a harsh effect or a much less harsh effect on the global climate crisis consider this make a decision to live a carbon neutral life those of you who are good at branding i'd love to get your advice and help on how to say this in a way that connects with the most people it is easier than you think it really is a lot of us in here have made that decision and it is really pretty easy it means reduce your carbon dioxide emissions with the full range of choices that you make and then purchase or acquire offsets for the remainder that you have not completely reduced and what it means is elaborated at
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there is a carbon calculator participant productions convened with my active involvement the leading software writers in the world on this arcane science of carbon calculation to construct a consumer friendly carbon calculator you can very precisely calculate what your emissions are and then you will be given options to reduce and by the time the movie comes out in may this will be updated to and we will have click through purchases of offsets next consider making your business carbon neutral again some of us have done that and it's not as hard as you think integrate climate solutions into all of your innovations whether you are from the technology or entertainment or design and architecture community
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again some of us have done that and it's not as hard as you think integrate climate solutions into all of your innovations whether you are from the technology or entertainment or design and architecture community invest mentioned this listen if you have invested money with managers who you compensate on the basis of their annual performance don't ever again complain about quarterly report management over time people do what you pay them to do and if they judge how much they're going to get paid on your capital that they've invested based on the short term returns you're going to get short term decisions a lot more to be said about that become a catalyst of change
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the night before i was heading for scotland i was invited to host the final of china's got talent show in shanghai with the live audience in the stadium guess who was the performing guest susan boyle and i told her i'm going to scotland the next day she sang beautifully and she even managed to say a few words in chinese so it's not like hello or thank you that ordinary stuff it means green onion for free why did she say that because it was a line from our chinese parallel susan boyle a year old woman a vegetable vendor in shanghai who loves singing western opera but she didn't understand any english or french or italian so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in chinese
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so i guess both susan boyle and this vegetable vendor in shanghai belonged to otherness they were the least expected to be successful in the business called entertainment yet their courage and talent brought them through and a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams well being different is not that difficult
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well when you are really involved in this completely engaging process of creating something new as this man is he doesn't have enough attention left over to monitor how his body feels or his problems at home he can't feel even that he's hungry or tired his body disappears his identity disappears from his consciousness because he doesn't have enough attention like none of us do to really do well something that requires a lot of concentration and at the same time to feel that he exists so existence is temporarily suspended and he says that his hand seems to be moving by itself now i could look at my hand for two weeks and i wouldn't feel any awe or wonder because i can't compose
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i grew up in europe and world war caught me when i was between seven and years old and i realized how few of the grown ups that i knew were able to withstand the tragedies that the war visited on them how few of them could even resemble a normal contented satisfied happy life once their job their home their security was destroyed by the war so i became interested in understanding what contributed to a life that was worth living and i tried as a child as a teenager to read philosophy and to get involved in art and religion and many other ways that i could see as a possible answer to that question and finally i ended up encountering psychology by chance i was at a ski resort in switzerland without any money to actually enjoy myself because the snow had melted and i didn't have money to go to a movie
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when i was a kid my parents would tell me you can make a mess but you have to clean up after yourself so freedom came with responsibility but my imagination would take me to all these wonderful places where everything was possible so i grew up in a bubble of innocence or a bubble of ignorance i should say because adults would lie to us to protect us from the ugly truth and growing up i found out that adults make a mess and they're not very good at cleaning up after themselves fast forward i am an adult now and i teach citizen science and invention at the hong kong harbour school and it doesn't take too long before my students walk on a beach and stumble upon piles of trash so as good citizens we clean up the beaches and no he is not drinking alcohol and if he is i did not give it to him
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and so it's sad to say but today more than percent of the oceans have plastic in them it's a horrifying fact and in past decades we've been taking those big ships out and those big nets and we collect those plastic bits that we look at under a microscope and we sort them and then we put this data onto a map but that takes forever it's very expensive and so it's quite risky to take those big boats out so with my students ages six to we've been dreaming of inventing a better way so we've transformed our tiny hong kong classroom into a workshop and so we started building this small workbench with different heights so even really short kids can participate and let me tell you kids with power tools are awesome and safe
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and so back to plastic we collect this plastic and we grind it to the size we find it in the ocean which is very small because it breaks down and so this is how we work i let the imaginations of my students run wild and my job is to try to collect the best of each kid's idea and try to combine it into something that hopefully would work and so we have agreed that instead of collecting plastic bits we are going to collect only the data so we're going to get an image of the plastic with a robot so robots kids get very excited and the next thing we do we do what we call rapid we are so rapid at that the lunch is still in the when we're hacking it
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more than people died in an instant also it damaged the nuclear power plant of fukushima the nuclear power plant just by the water and today i read the reports and an average of tons are leaking from the nuclear power plant into the pacific ocean and today the whole pacific ocean has traces of contamination of if you go outside on the west coast you can measure fukushima everywhere but if you look at the map it can look like most of the radioactivity has been washed away from the japanese coast and most of it is now it looks like it's safe it's blue well reality is a bit more complicated than this so i've been going to fukushima every year since the accident and i measure independently and with other scientists on land in the river and this time we wanted to take the kids so of course we didn't take the kids the parents wouldn't allow that to happen
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and to do this we built a very rough map of the region around the nuclear power plant and so we built the elevation map we sprinkled pigments to represent real time data for radioactivity and we sprayed water to simulate the rainfall and with this we could see that the radioactive dust was washing from the top of the mountain into the river system and leaking into the ocean so it was a rough estimate but with this in mind we organized this expedition which was the closest civilians have been to the nuclear power plant we are sailing kilometers away from the nuclear power plant and with the help of the local fisherman we are collecting sediment from the seabed with a custom sediment sampler we've invented and built we pack the sediment into small bags we then dispatch them to hundreds of small bags that we send to different universities and we produce the map of the seabed radioactivity especially in estuaries where the fish will reproduce and i will hope that we will have improved the safety of the local fishermen and of your favorite sushi
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but my students in hong kong are kids and they watch the news they watch the internet and they came across this image this was a child probably under cleaning up an oil spill bare handed in the which is the world's largest mangrove forest in bangladesh so they were very shocked because this is the water they drink this is the water they bathe in this is the water they fish in this is the place where they live and also you can see the water is brown the mud is brown and oil is brown so when everything is mixed up it's really hard to see what's in the water but there's a technology that's rather simple that's called spectrometry that allows you see what's in the water so we built a rough prototype of a spectrometer and you can shine light through different substances that produce different spectrums so that can help you identify what's in the water so we packed this prototype of a sensor and we shipped it to bangladesh
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so i was very compelled by doing the second experiments and i wanted to take it even further maybe addressing an even harder problem and it's also closer to my heart so i'm half japanese and half french and maybe you remember in there was a massive earthquake in japan it was so violent that it triggered several giant waves they are called tsunami and those tsunami destroyed many cities on the eastern coast of japan more than people died in an instant also it damaged the nuclear power plant of fukushima the nuclear power plant just by the water
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the real magic and the secret source behind collaborative consumption marketplaces like isn't the inventory or the money it's using the power of technology to build trust between strangers this side of really hit home to sebastian last summer during the london riots he woke up around and he checked his email and he saw a bunch of messages all asking him if he was okay former guests from around the world had seen that the riots were happening just down the street and wanted to check if he needed anything sebastian actually said to me he said thirteen former guests contacted me before my own mother rang
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works is people outsource the tasks that they want doing name the price they're willing to pay and then vetted rabbits bid to run the errand yes there's actually a four stage rigorous interview process that's designed to find the people that would make great personal assistants and weed out the rabbits now there's over rabbits across the united states and more on the waiting list now the tasks being posted are things that you might expect like help with household chores or doing some supermarket runs i actually learned the other day that and a half thousand loads of laundry have been cleaned and folded through but i love that the number one task posted over a hundred times a day is something that many of us have felt the pain of doing yes assembling ikea furniture
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now with all of my optimism and i am an optimist comes a healthy dose of caution or rather an urgent need to address some pressing complex questions how to ensure our digital identities reflect our real world identities do we want them to be the same how do we mimic the way trust is built face online how do we stop people who've behaved badly in one community doing so under a different guise in a similar way that companies often use some kind of credit rating to decide whether to give you a mobile plan or the rate of a mortgage marketplaces that depend on transactions between relative strangers need some kind of device to let you know that sebastian and chris are good eggs and that device is reputation reputation is the measurement of how much a community trusts you let's just take a look at chris you can see that over people have given him an average rating over out of there are over pages of reviews of his work describing him as super friendly and fast and he's reached level the highest level making him a now i love that word
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so if someone asked you for the three words that would sum up your reputation what would you say how would people describe your judgment your knowledge your behaviors in different situations today i'd like to explore with you why the answer to this question will become profoundly important in an age where reputation will be your most valuable asset i'd like to start by introducing you to someone whose life has been changed by a marketplace fueled by reputation sebastian has been a bed and breakfast host on since i caught up with him recently where over the course of several cups of tea he told me how hosting guests from all over the world has enriched his life
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sebastian has been a bed and breakfast host on since i caught up with him recently where over the course of several cups of tea he told me how hosting guests from all over the world has enriched his life more than people have come to stay in the century he lives in with his cat squeak now i mention squeak because sebastian's first guest happened to see a rather large mouse run across the kitchen and she promised that she would refrain from leaving a bad review on one condition he got a cat and so sebastian bought squeak to protect his reputation now as many of you know is a peer marketplace that matches people who have space to rent with people who are looking for a place to stay in over countries the places being rented out are things that you might expect like spare rooms and holiday homes but part of the magic is the unique places that you can now access airplane hangars if you don't like the hotel there's a castle down the road that you can rent for dollars a night it's a fantastic example of how technology is creating a market for things that never had a marketplace before
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now let me show you these heat maps of paris to see how fast it's growing this image here is from the pink dots represent host properties even four years ago letting strangers stay in your home seemed like a crazy idea now the same view in and now there is an host on almost every main street in paris
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so there's a threshold level above which you go up in the long term and below which you go down just to benchmark that threshold it's about the governance level of portugal in the mid so the question is are the bottom billion above or below that threshold now there's one big change since the commodity booms of the and that is the spread of democracy so i thought well maybe that is the thing which has transformed governance in the bottom billion maybe we can be more optimistic because of the spread of democracy so i looked democracy does have significant effects and unfortunately they're adverse democracies make even more of a mess of these resource booms than at that stage i just wanted to abandon the research but it turns out that democracy is a little bit more complicated than that
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so we know it works what would the content be of these international standards i can't go through all of them but i'll give you an example the first is how to take the resources out of the ground the economic processes taking the resources out of the ground and putting assets on top of the ground and the first step in that is selling the rights to resource extraction you know how rights to resource extraction are being sold at the moment how they've been sold over the last years a company flies in does a deal with a minister and that's great for the company and it's quite often great for the minister and it's not great for their country
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and the british treasury decided that it would sell the rights to third generation mobile phones by working out what those rights were worth they worked out they were worth two billion pounds just in time a set of economists got there and said why not try an auction it'll reveal the value it went for billion pounds through auction if the british treasury can be out by a factor of think what the ministry of finance in sierra leone is going to be like
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so can we dare to be optimistic well the thesis of the bottom billion is that a billion people have been stuck living in economies that have been stagnant for years and hence diverging from the rest of mankind and so the real question to pose is not can we be optimistic it's how can we give credible hope to that billion people that to my mind is the fundamental challenge now of development what i'm going to offer you is a recipe a combination of the two forces that changed the world for good which is the alliance of compassion and enlightened self interest
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why did america get serious it wasn't just compassion for europe though there was that it was that you knew you had to because in the late country after country in central europe was falling into the soviet bloc and so you knew you'd no choice europe had to be dragged into economic development so what did you do last time you got serious well yes you had a big aid program thank you very much that was marshall aid we need to do it again aid is part of the solution
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i should tell you that when i was asked to be here i thought to myself that well it's ted and these are you know as innocent as that name sounds these are the philanthropists and artists and scientists who sort of shape our world and what could i possibly have to say that would be distinguished enough to justify my participation in something like that and so i thought perhaps a really civilized sounding british accent might help things a bit and then i thought no no i should just get up there and be myself and just talk the way i really talk because after all this is the great unveiling and so i thought i'd come up here and unveil my real voice to you although many of you already know that i do speak the queen's english because i am from queens new york
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and while i don't have any patents that i'm aware of you will be meeting a few of my inventions today i suppose it's fair to say that i am interested in the invention of self or selves we're all born into certain circumstances with particular physical traits unique developmental experiences geographical and historical contexts but then what to what extent do we self construct do we self invent how do we self identify and how is that identity like what if one could be anyone at any time well my characters like the ones in my shows allow me to play with the spaces between those questions and so i've brought a couple of them with me and well they're very excited what i should tell you what i should tell you is that they've each prepared their own little ted talks so feel free to think of this as sarah university
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oh well oh wonderful good evening everybody thank you so very much for having me here today ah thank you very much my name is lorraine levine oh my there's so many of you hi sweetheart okay
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well you know she calls herself black she's really more like a caramel color if you look at her but anyway
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frankly i'm just to be here with all the luminaries you have attending something like this you know really it's amazing not only of course the scientists and all the wonderful giants of the industries but the celebrities there are so many celebrities running around here i saw glenn close i saw earlier i love her and she was getting a yogurt in the cafe
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and oh i saw goldie hawn oh goldie hawn i love her too she's wonderful yeah you know she's only half jewish did you know that about her yeah but even so a wonderful talent
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it's true it's true you know between the environmental degradation and the crashing of the world markets you're talking about and of course we know it's all because of the all the well i don't know how else to say it to you so i'll just say it my way the coming from the governments and the you know the bankers and the wall street you know it anyway
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well you know it was beginner french that i am taking with her you know and it was madame you know she was very french it was like you know she was there in the class you know she was kind of typically french you know she was very chic but she was very filled with ennui you know and she would be there you know kind of talking with the class you know talking about the you know the existential futility of life you know and we were only years old so it was not appropriate
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well i just wanted to quickly say good evening my name is and thank you very much for this opportunity of course ted the reputation precedes itself all over the world but you know i am originally from india and i wanted to start by telling you that once sarah jones told me that we will be having the opportunity to come here to ted in california originally i was very pleased and frankly relieved because you know i am a human rights advocate and usually my work it takes me to washington d c and there i must attend these meetings mingling with some tiresome politicians trying to make me feel comfortable by telling how often they are eating the curry in georgetown
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uh well thank you good evening my name is pauline ning and first i want to tell you that i'm of course i am a member of the chinese community in new york but when sarah jones asked me to please come to ted i said well you know first i don't know that you know before two years ago you would not find me in front of an audience of people much less like this because i did not like to give speeches because i feel that as an immigrant i do not have good english skills for speaking but then i decided just like governor arnold schwarzenegger i try anyway
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i decide instead i will concentrate on my daughter the daughter's marriage is very special to the mom but first she said she's not interested she only wants to spend time with her friends and then at college it's like she never came home and she doesn't want me to come and visit so i said what's wrong in this picture so i accused my daughter to have like a secret boyfriend but she told me mom you don't have to worry about boys because i don't like them
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i mean i don't like boys i like girls i am lesbian so i always teach my kids to respect american ideas but i told my daughter that this is one exception that she is not gay she is just confused by this american problem
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that means she takes the credit and then makes us come out here and do all the work but i don't mind frankly i'm just to be here with all the luminaries you have attending something like this you know really it's amazing not only of course the scientists and all the wonderful giants of the industries but the celebrities
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it's such an eye opening experience to be here you're all so responsible for this world that we live in today you know i couldn't have dreamed of such a thing as a young girl and you've all made these advancements happen in such a short time you're all so young
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you know when you're standing up here you can see all the different people it's like a rainbow it's okay to say rainbow yeah i just i can't keep up with whether you can say you know the different things what are you allowed to say or not say i just i don't want to offend anybody you know but anyway you know i just think that to be here with all of you accomplished young people literally some of you the architects building our brighter future you know it's heartening to me
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nobody can understand nothing i'm saying which is very frustrating for me as you can imagine i usually have to just like try to calm down and take a deep breath but then on top of that you know sarah jones told me we only have minutes so then i'm like should i be nervous you know because maybe it's better and i'm just trying not to panic and freak out so i like take a deep breath okay sorry so anyway what i was trying to say is that i really love ted
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sorry so anyway what i was trying to say is that i really love ted like i love everything about this it's amazing like it's i can't get over this right now and like people would not believe seriously where i'm from that this even exists you know like even i mean i love like the name the ted i mean i know it's a real person and everything but i'm just saying that like you know i think it's very cool how it's also an acronym you know which is like you know is like very high concept and everything like that i like that
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and actually i can relate to the whole like acronym thing and everything because actually i'm a sophomore at college right now at my school actually i was part of co founding an organization which is like a leadership thing you know like you guys you would really like it and everything and the organization is called da bomb da bomb not like what you guys can build and everything it's like da bomb it means like dominican it's an acronym dominican american benevolent organization for mothers and babies so i know see like the name is like a little bit long but with the war on terror and everything the dean of student activities has asked us to stop saying da bomb and use the whole thing so nobody would get the wrong idea whatever so basically like da bomb what dominican american benevolent organization for mothers and babies does is basically we try to advocate for students who show a lot of academic promise and who also happen to be mothers like me i am a working mother and i also go to school full time
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so basically like da bomb what dominican american benevolent organization for mothers and babies does is basically we try to advocate for students who show a lot of academic promise and who also happen to be mothers like me i am a working mother and i also go to school full time and you know it's like it's so important to have like role models out there i mean i know sometimes our lifestyles are very different whatever but like even at my job like i just got promoted right now it's very exciting actually for me because i'm the junior assistant to the associate director under the senior vice president for business development that's my new title so but i think whether you own your own company or you're just starting out like me like something like this is so vital for people to just continue expanding their minds and learning and if everybody like all people really had access to that it would be a very different world out there as i know you know so i think all people we need that but especially i look at people like me you know like i mean latinos we're about to be the majority in like two weeks
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so but i'm thrilled to be joining all of you here i wish we had more time together but that's for another time okay great and sadly i don't think we'll have time for you to meet everybody i brought but i'm trying to behave myself it's my first time here
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but after the buzz the excitement the power that comes from this community i began to yearn for a less sterile less academic way to address these issues the issues that i was talking about we'd begun to focus on new hampshire as a target for this political movement because the primary in new hampshire is so incredibly important it was a group called the new hampshire rebellion that was beginning to talk about how would we make this issue of this corruption central in but it was another soul that caught my imagination a woman named doris haddock aka granny d on january years ago at the age of granny d started a walk she started in los angeles and began to walk to washington d c with a single sign on her chest that said campaign finance reform eighteen months later at the age of she arrived in washington with hundreds following her including many congressmen who had gotten in a car and driven out about a mile outside of the city to walk in with her
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so a chip a poet and a boy it's just about years ago june when intel announced that there was a flaw at the core of their pentium chip deep in the code of the algorithm to calculate intermediate necessary for iterative floating points of divisions i don't know what that means but it's what it says on there was a flaw and an error that meant that there was a certain probability that the result of the calculation would be an error and the probability was one out of every billion calculations so intel said your average spreadsheet would be flawed once every years they didn't think it was significant but there was an outrage in the community the community the techies said this flaw has to be addressed
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i hope most of you are thinking what that sounds simple now i'm going to ask you all a very personal question this morning before you came who could have had a wash using a shower i'm not going to ask if you had a shower because i'm too polite that's it
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he controls dust on mining company sites and he came out and within a day it worked out that most dust in this community was within a meter of the ground the wind driven dust so he suggested making mounds to catch the dust before it went into the house area and affected the eyes of kids so we used dirt to stop dust we did it he provided us dust monitors we tested and we reduced the dust then we wanted to get rid of the bug generally so how do we do that well we call up the doctor of flies and yes there is a doctor of flies as our aboriginal mate said you white fellows ought to get out more
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use the words it all just sounds so so simple now i've got no bucket of money today and i've got no policy to release and i certainly haven't got a guitar i'll leave that to others but i do have an idea and that idea is called housing for health housing for health works with poor people it works in the places where they live and the work is done to improve their health
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housing for health works with poor people it works in the places where they live and the work is done to improve their health over the last years this tough grinding dirty work has been done by literally thousands of people around australia and more recently overseas and their work has proven that focused design can improve even the poorest living environments it can improve health and it can play a part in reducing if not eliminating poverty i'm going to start where the story began in central australia a man called lester an aboriginal man was running a health service eighty percent of what walked in the door in terms of illness was infectious disease third world developing world infectious disease caused by a poor living environment assembled a team in alice springs he got a medical doctor
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and even when i first flew in the shuttle back in shuttle flight the odds were still now that we look back about one in or so one in one in not great odds so it's a really interesting day when you wake up at the kennedy space center and you're going to go to space that day because you realize by the end of the day you're either going to be floating effortlessly gloriously in space or you'll be dead you go into at the kennedy space center the suit up room the same room that our childhood heroes got dressed in that neil armstrong and buzz aldrin got suited in to go ride the apollo rocket to the moon and i got my pressure suit built around me and rode down outside in the van heading out to the in the astro van heading out to the and as you come around the corner at the kennedy space center it's normally predawn and in the distance lit up by the huge xenon lights is your spaceship the vehicle that is going to take you off the planet the crew is sitting in the astro van sort of hushed almost holding hands looking at that as it gets bigger and bigger we ride the elevator up and we crawl in on your hands and knees into the spaceship one at a time and you worm your way up into your chair and plunk yourself down on your back and the hatch is closed and suddenly what has been a lifetime of both dreams and denial is becoming real something that i dreamed about in fact that i chose to do when i was nine years old is now suddenly within not too many minutes of actually happening in the astronaut business the shuttle is a very complicated vehicle it's the most complicated flying machine ever built and in the astronaut business we have a saying which is there is no problem so bad that you can't make it worse
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and even if you're blinded your natural panicky reaction doesn't happen instead you kind of look around and go okay i can't see but i can hear i can talk scott is out here with me he could come over and help me we actually practiced incapacitated crew rescue so he could float me like a blimp and stuff me into the airlock if he had to i could find my own way back it's not nearly as big a deal and actually if you keep on crying for a while whatever that was that's in your eye starts to dilute and you can start to see again and houston if you negotiate with them they will let you then keep working we finished everything on the spacewalk and when we came back inside jeff got some cotton batting and took the crusty stuff around my eyes and it turned out it was just the anti fog sort of a mixture of oil and soap that got in my eye and now we use johnson's no more tears which we probably should've been using right from the very beginning
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and seconds before launch this happens voice nine eight seven six start two one booster ignition and liftoff of the space shuttle discovery returning to the space station paving the way it is incredibly powerful to be on board one of these things you are in the grip of something that is vastly more powerful than yourself
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is incredibly powerful to be on board one of these things you are in the grip of something that is vastly more powerful than yourself it's shaking you so hard you can't focus on the instruments in front of you it's like you're in the jaws of some enormous dog and there's a foot in the small of your back pushing you into space accelerating wildly straight up shouldering your way through the air and you're in a very complex place paying attention watching the vehicle go through each one of its wickets with a steadily increasing smile on your face after two minutes those solid rockets explode off and then you just have the liquid engines the hydrogen and oxygen and it's as if you're in a with your foot to the floor and accelerating like you've never accelerated you get lighter and lighter the force gets on us heavier and heavier it feels like someone's pouring cement on you or something until finally after about eight minutes and seconds or so we are finally at exactly the right altitude exactly the right speed the right direction the engine shut off and we're weightless and we're alive
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or what if instead of relying on myself i had to rely on other people to create the content for the art so for six days i lived in front of a i slept on the floor and i ate takeout and i asked people to call me and share a story with me about a life changing moment their stories became the art as i wrote them onto the revolving canvas or what if instead of making art to display i had to destroy it this seemed like the ultimate limitation being an artist without art this destruction idea turned into a yearlong project that i called goodbye art where each and every piece of art had to be destroyed after its creation in the beginning of goodbye art i focused on forced destruction like this image of jimi hendrix made with over matches
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think back to my three years away from art away from my dream just going through the motions instead of trying to find a different way to continue that dream i just quit i gave up and what if i didn't embrace the shake because embracing the shake for me wasn't just about art and having art skills it turned out to be about life and having life skills because ultimately most of what we do takes place here inside the box with limited resources learning to be creative within the confines of our limitations is the best hope we have to transform ourselves and collectively transform our world looking at limitations as a source of creativity changed the course of my life now when i run into a barrier or i find myself creatively stumped i sometimes still struggle but i continue to show up for the process and try to remind myself of the possibilities like using hundreds of real live worms to make an image using a to tattoo a banana or painting a picture with hamburger grease
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i was in art school i developed a shake in my hand and this was the line i could draw now in hindsight it was actually good for some things like mixing a can of paint or shaking a polaroid but at the time this was really doomsday this was the destruction of my dream of becoming an artist the shake developed out of really a single minded pursuit of just years of making tiny tiny dots and eventually these dots went from being perfectly round to looking more like tadpoles because of the shake so to compensate i'd hold the pen tighter and this progressively made the shake worse so i'd hold the pen tighter still
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i went home i grabbed a pencil and i just started letting my hand shake and shake i was making all these scribble pictures and even though it wasn't the kind of art that i was ultimately passionate about it felt great and more importantly once i embraced the shake i realized i could still make art i just had to find a different approach to making the art that i wanted now i still enjoyed the fragmentation of seeing these little tiny dots come together to make this unified whole so i began experimenting with other ways to fragment images where the shake wouldn't affect the work like dipping my feet in paint and walking on a canvas or in a structure consisting of two creating a image by burning it with a blowtorch i discovered that if i worked on a larger scale and with bigger materials my hand really wouldn't hurt and after having gone from a single approach to art i ended up having an approach to creativity that completely changed my artistic horizons this was the first time i'd encountered this idea that embracing a limitation could actually drive creativity
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you then feel you must act and the choice of the action of course hopefully will be more practical than poor who was fixing the maggots on the dog because he had that motivation and whoever was in front of him he wanted to help but of course that is impractical he should have founded the in the town and gotten some scientific help for dogs and maggots and i'm sure he did that later
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insight of einstein's is uncannily close to that of buddhist psychology wherein compassion it is called is defined as the sensitivity to another's suffering and the corresponding will to free the other from that suffering it pairs closely with love which is the will for the other to be happy which requires of course that one feels some happiness oneself and wishes to share it this is perfect in that it clearly opposes self and selfishness to compassion the concern for others and further it indicates that those caught in the cycle of self concern suffer helplessly while the compassionate are more free and implicitly more happy the dalai lama often states that compassion is his best friend it helps him when he is overwhelmed with grief and despair compassion helps him turn away from the feeling of his suffering as the most absolute most terrible suffering anyone has ever had and broadens his awareness of the sufferings of others even of the perpetrators of his misery and the whole mass of beings in fact suffering is so huge and enormous his own becomes less and less monumental and he begins to move beyond his self concern into the broader concern for others
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to take the top stories from the a p this last year is this going to matter in a decade or this or this really is this going to matter in or years okay that was kind of cool
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we are drowning in news reuters alone puts out three and a half million news stories a year that's just one source my question is how many of those stories are actually going to matter in the long run that's the idea behind the long news it's a project by the long now foundation which was founded by including kevin kelly and stewart brand
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last january my company com was sued along with yahoo aol and others by a company called gooseberry natural resources gooseberry owned a patent for the creation and distribution of news releases via email
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and in discovery phase we asked the patent troll to please provide of where the infringement of their patent was actually occurring now perhaps it's because no such actually existed but suddenly gooseberry wanted to settle their attorney ah yes my company's having a reorganization on our end never mind the fact that the address led to a strip mall somewhere in northern l a with no employees and we'd like to go ahead and close this out so would you mind giving us your best and final offer my response how about nothing we didn't have high hopes for that outcome
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and the problem with that is that there are two very large industry groups that have different outcomes in mind for the patent system the health care industry would like stronger protections for inventors the hi tech industry would like stronger protections for producers and these goals aren't necessarily diametrically opposed but they are at odds and as a result patent can kind of live in the space in between so unfortunately i'm not smart enough to have a solution for the patent troll problem however i did have this idea and it was kind of good and i thought i should patent this
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for an emerging technology like phone calls on the internet or video listings for tv shows or radio but for and so on the problem with these patents is that the mechanisms are obscure and the patent system is dysfunctional and as a result most of these lawsuits end in settlements and because these settlements are under a non disclosure agreement no one knows what the terms were and as a result the patent troll can claim that they won the case in the case of gooseberry natural resources this patent on emailing news releases had sort of a fatal flaw as it pertained to myself and that was that in the mainstream media world there is only one definition for news release and it turns out that is press release as in p r now my company deals with news ostensibly and as a result we were not in violation of this patent
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