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the time all weapons were made by hand to different specifications so if an archer ran out of arrows during a battle they wouldn't necessarily be able to fire another archer's arrows from their bow this of course meant that they would be less effective in combat and very vulnerable too ying solved this problem by insisting that all bows and arrows were designed so they were interchangeable and he did the same for daggers axes spears shields and every other form of weaponry his formidably equipped army won batter after battle and within years his tiny kingdom had succeeded in conquering all its larger richer more powerful neighbors to found the mighty chinese empire
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milch creator of deadwood and other amazing tv shows has a really good description for this he swore off creating contemporary drama shows set in the present day because he saw that when people fill their mind with four hours a day of for example two and a half men no disrespect it shapes the neural pathways he said in such a way that they expect simple problems he called it an impatience with you're impatient with things that don't resolve quickly you expect sitcom sized problems that wrap up in minutes three commercial breaks and a laugh track and i'll put it to all of you what you already know that no problem worth solving is that simple i am very concerned about this because i'm going to retire in a world that my students will run i'm doing bad things to my own future and well being when i teach this way i'm here to tell you that the way our textbooks particularly mass adopted textbooks teach math reasoning and patient problem solving it's functionally equivalent to turning on two and a half men and calling it a day
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and that question off this right here is really fun for me because like the intro i teach kids because of my inexperience i teach the kids that are the most remedial all right and i've got kids who will not join a conversation about math because someone else has the formula someone else knows how to work the formula better than me so i won't talk about it but here every student is on a level playing field of intuition everyone's filled something up with water before so i get kids answering the question how long will it take i've got kids who are mathematically and intimidated joining the conversation we put names on the board attach them to guesses and kids have bought in here and then we follow the process i've described and the best part here or one of the better parts is that we don't get our answer from the answer key in the back of the teacher's edition we instead just watch the end of the movie
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one is computation this is the stuff you've forgotten for example factoring with leading coefficients greater than one this stuff is also really easy to relearn provided you have a really strong grounding in reasoning math reasoning we'll call it the application of math processes to the world around us this is hard to teach this is what we would love students to retain even if they don't go into mathematical fields this is also something that the way we teach it in the u s all but ensures they won't retain it so i'd like to talk about why that is why that's such a calamity for society what we can do about it and to close with why this is an amazing time to be a math teacher
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so first five symptoms that you're doing math reasoning wrong in your classroom one is a lack of initiative your students don't self start you finish your lecture block and immediately you have five hands going up asking you to re explain the entire thing at their desks students lack perseverance they lack retention you find yourself re explaining concepts three months later wholesale there's an aversion to word problems which describes percent of my students and then the other one percent is eagerly looking for the formula to apply in that situation
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ooh i'm like phew phew calm down get back into my body now
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and if i go to a club and play a gig people are like here have some drinks on us and it's like well i'm about to go on soon i don't want to be like you know it really does reflect the mood that you're in also if you're it's similar to being a vocalist except instead of it coming out of your throat you're controlling it just in the air and you don't really have a point of reference you're always relying on your ears and adjusting constantly you just have to always adjust to what's happening and realize you'll have bummer notes come here and there and listen to it adjust it and just move on or else you'll get too tied up and go crazy
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she cools his domain with spring air venting heat up to the surface creating summer that accounts for the same phenomena as the original myth it's equally yet what it asserts about reality is in many ways the opposite and that is possible because the details of the original myth are unrelated to seasons except via the myth itself this easy variability is the sign of a bad explanation because without a functional reason to prefer one of countless variants advocating one of them in preference to the others is irrational so for the essence of what makes the difference to enable progress seek good explanations the ones that can't be easily varied while still explaining the phenomena now our current explanation of seasons is that the earth's axis is tilted like that so each hemisphere tilts toward the sun for half the year and away for the other half better put that up
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i'm sure that throughout the hundred years of our species' existence and even before our ancestors looked up at the night sky and wondered what stars are wondering therefore how to explain what they saw in terms of things unseen okay so most people only wondered that occasionally like today in breaks from whatever normally preoccupied them but what normally preoccupied them also involved yearning to know they wished they knew how to prevent their food supply from sometimes failing and how they could rest when they were tired without risking starvation be warmer cooler safer in less pain i bet those prehistoric cave artists would have loved to know how to draw better
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in every aspect of their lives they wished for progress just as we do but they failed almost completely to make any they didn't know how to discoveries like fire happened so rarely that from an individual's point of view the world never improved nothing new was learned the first clue to the origin of starlight happened as recently as radioactivity within years physicists discovered the whole explanation expressed as usual in elegant symbols
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i have to go buy gas i'm so angry about it the oil companies are ripping me off they set the prices and i don't even know i am helpless over this and this is what happens to us at the gas pump and actually gas pumps are specifically designed to diffuse that anger you might notice that many gas pumps including this one are designed to look like i've talked to engineers that's specifically to diffuse our anger because supposedly we feel good about
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and the thing about john d is that he went into this chaotic wild east of oil industry and he rationalized it into a vertically integrated company a multinational it was terrifying you think walmart is a terrifying business model now imagine what this looked like in the or and it also the kind of root of how we see oil as a conspiracy but what's really amazing is that ida tarbell the journalist went in and did a big expos of rockefeller and actually got the whole antitrust laws put in place but in many ways that image of the conspiracy still sticks with us and here's one of the things that ida tarbell said she said he has a thin nose like a thorn there were no lips there were puffs under the little colorless eyes with creases running from them
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so i'm going to talk to you about you about the political chemistry of oil spills and why this is an incredibly important long oily hot summer and why we need to keep ourselves from getting distracted but before i talk about the political chemistry i actually need to talk about the chemistry of oil this is a photograph from when i visited prudhoe bay in alaska in to watch the minerals management service testing their ability to burn oil spills in ice and what you see here is you see a little bit of crude oil you see some ice cubes and you see two sandwich of napalm the napalm is burning there quite nicely and the thing is is that oil is really an abstraction for us as the american consumer
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i'm trying to do this in english what is a chubby curly haired guy from holland why is he whistling well actually i've been whistling since the age of four about four my dad was always whistling around the house and i just thought that's part of communication in my family so i whistled along with him and actually until i was i always annoyed and irritated people with whistling because to be honest my whistling is a kind of deviant behavior i whistled alone i whistled in the classroom i whistled on bike i whistled everywhere and i also whistled at a christmas eve party with my family and they had some in my opinion terrible christmas music and when i hear music that i don't like i try to make it better
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that was whistling i'm trying to do this in english what is a chubby curly haired guy from holland why is he whistling well actually i've been whistling since the age of four about four my dad was always whistling around the house and i just thought that's part of communication in my family
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hello this is my first trip first time in life i'm outside of the walls of gaza i'm so happy to be here my ambition always was to be a pilot to fly a plane to feel free to fly the sky to touch the sky but that didn't happen
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but that began thinking about how birds went around and then how airplanes would how hang gliders would fly and then other planes and the idea of the gossamer airplane quickly emerged was so logical one should have thought of it in the first place but one didn't and it was just keep the weight down pounds was all it weighed but let the size swell up like a hang glider but three times the span three times the cord you're down to a third of the speed a third of the power and a good bicyclist can put out that power and that worked and we won the prize a year later we didn't a lot of flying a lot of experiments a lot of things that didn't work and ones that did work and the plane kept getting a little better a little better got a good pilot brian allen to operate it and finally succeeded but unfortunately about dollars was spent on the project
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suddenly we humans a recently arrived species no longer subject to the checks and balances inherent in nature have grown in population technology and intelligence to a position of terrible power we now wield the paintbrush we're in charge it's frightening and i do a painting every or years this is the last one
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i have no idea of what comes next so i just used robotic and natural cockroaches as the future as a little warning and two weeks after this drawing was done we actually had our first project contract at on robotic cockroaches which was very frightening to me
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and we developed the impact car that general motors made the out of and got the air resources board to have the regulations that stimulated the electric cars but they've since come apart and we've done a lot of things small drone airplanes and so on i have a helios we have the first video narrator with a wingspan of feet this makes her larger than a boeing her designers' attention to detail and her construction gives structure the flexibility and strength to deal with the turbulence encountered in the atmosphere this enables her to easily ride through the air currents as if she's sliding along on the ocean waves the wings could touch together on top and not break we think
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you all got a couple of these in your gift bags and one of the first things the production version seemed to dive a little bit and so i would just suggest you bend the wing tips up a little bit before you try flying it i'll give you a demonstration of how it works the idea is that it soars on the lift over your body like a seagull soaring on a cliff as the wind comes up it has to go over the cliff so as you walk through the air it goes around your body some has to go over you and so you just keep the glider positioned in that up current the launch is the difficult part you've got to hold it high up over your head and you start walking forward and just let go of it and you can control it like that
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and then also like it said in the video you can turn it left or right just by putting the lift under one wing or another so i can do it oops that was going to be a right turn
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okay this one will be a left turn here but anyway and that's it so you can just control it wherever you want and it's just hours of fun and these are no longer in production so you have real collector's items
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i am known best for human powered flight but that was just one thing that got me going in the sort of things that i'm working in now as a youngster i was very interested in model airplanes helicopters gliders power planes indoor models outdoor models everything which i just thought was a lot of fun and wondered why most other people didn't share my same enthusiasm with them and then navy pilot training and after college i got into flying power plane flying and considered the as a sort of hobby and fun but got tangled up with some great professor types who convinced me and everybody else in the field that this was a good way to get into really deep science while this was all going on i was in the field of weather modification although getting a ph d in aeronautics the weather modification subject was getting started and as a graduate student i could go around to the various talks that were being given on a ride to the east coast and so on and everybody would talk to me but all the professionals in the field hated each other and they wouldn't communicate
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the green line goes down that's the wild nature portion
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give a talk to some remarkable high school students each summer and ask them after they've asked me questions and i give them a talk and so on then i ask them questions what's the population of the earth what's the population of the earth going to be when you're the age of your parents which i'd never really they had never really thought about but now they think about it and then what population of the earth would be an equilibrium that could continue on and be for and they form little groups all fighting with each other and when i leave two hours later most of them are saying about billion people and they don't have any clue about how to get down to billion nor do i but i think they're right and this is a serious problem rachel carson was thinking of these and came out with silent spring way back solar manifesto by hermann scheer in germany claims all energy on earth can be derived for every country from solar energy and water and so on you don't need to dig down for these chemicals and we can do things much more efficiently
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and we've done a lot of things small drone airplanes and so on i have a helios
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that plane has many purposes but it's aimed for communications and it can fly so slowly that it'll just stay up at feet eventually it will be able to have to stay up day night day night for six months at a time acting like the satellite but only ten miles above the earth let's have the next video this shows the other end of the spectrum narrator a tiny airplane the pointer serves for surveillance in effect a pair of eyeglasses a cutting edge example of where miniaturization can lead if the operator is remote from the vehicle it is convenient to carry assemble and launch by hand battery powered it is silent and rarely noticed
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in effect a pair of eyeglasses a cutting edge example of where miniaturization can lead if the operator is remote from the vehicle it is convenient to carry assemble and launch by hand battery powered it is silent and rarely noticed it sends high resolution video pictures back to the operator with on board it can navigate autonomously and it is rugged enough to self land without damage okay and let's have the next that plane is widely used by the military now in all their operations let's have the next video he's got it he's got it he's got it on his head
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oh my god something like that that's amazing and tyler's here to show you the all right
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how many here have ever been by a stranger lots of women for me the time i remember best is when that stranger was a student of mine he came up to me after class that night and his words confirmed what i already knew i am so sorry professor if i had known it was you i would never have said those things
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on the rare occasion that i share with a new acquaintance that i study sex if they don't end the conversation right then they're usually pretty intrigued oh tell me more so i do i'm really interested in studying the sexual behaviors of pregnant and couples at this point i get a different kind of response
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the first is the sexy bombshell this is the unbelievably gorgeous woman with the perfect body our leading man has no trouble identifying her and even less trouble having sex with her the second is our leading lady the beautiful but demure woman our leading man falls in love with despite not noticing her at first or not liking her if he did the first is the slut she is to be consumed and forgotten she is much too available the second is desirable but modest and therefore worthy of our leading man's future babies marriage material
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one really stuck with me we might think that because we divorce pregnant women and moms from sexuality we are removing the constraints of sexual they experience less sexism right not exactly what happens instead is a different kind of in my efforts to explain this to others one conversation led to the venus of a figurine scholars assumed was a goddess of love and beauty hence the name venus this theory was later revised though when scholars noted the obvious focus on the reproductive features large breasts considered ideal for nursing a round possibly pregnant belly the remnants of red dye alluding to menstruation or birth they also assumed that she was meant to be held or placed lying down because her tiny feet don't allow her to be freestanding she also had no face
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especially if she's less educated or a woman of color what this tells us is this effect it's also and racist it's present when the government reminds women with every new anti choice bill that the contents of her uterus are not her own or when an gyn says while it's safe to have sex during pregnancy sometimes you never know better safe than sorry right she's denied basic privacy and bodily autonomy under the guise of be a good mother we don't trust her to make her own decisions
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people say oh well you've launched this thing and it's radioactive into space and what about accidents but we launch plutonium batteries all the time everybody was really excited about curiosity and that had this big plutonium battery on board that has which actually has a higher specific activity than the low enriched uranium fuel of these molten salt reactors which means that the effects would be negligible because you launch it cold and when it gets into space is where you actually activate this reactor so i'm really excited i think that i've designed this reactor here that can be an innovative source of energy provide power for all kinds of neat scientific applications and i'm really prepared to do this i graduated high school in may and i graduated high school in may and i decided that i was going to start up a company to commercialize these technologies that i've developed these revolutionary detectors for scanning cargo containers and these systems to produce medical isotopes but i want to do this and i've slowly been building up a team of some of the most incredible people i've ever had the chance to work with and i'm really prepared to make this a reality
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and i thought you know is this the best way to do it is fission kind of played out or is there something left to innovate here and i realized that i had hit upon something that i think has this huge potential to change the world and this is what it is this is a small modular reactor so it's not as big as the reactor you see in the diagram here this is between and megawatts but that's a ton of power that's between say at an average use that's maybe to homes could run off that
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my father just retired after years teaching fifth grade my aunt and uncle were professors my cousins all teach everybody in my family basically teaches except for me they taught me that the only way to get the right answers is to ask the right questions so what are the right questions when it comes to improving the educational outcomes for our children there's obviously many important questions but i think the following is a good place to start what do we think the connection is between a child's growing mind and their growing body what can we expect our kids to learn if their diets are full of sugar and empty of nutrients what can they possibly learn if their bodies are literally going hungry and with all the resources that we are pouring into schools we should stop and ask ourselves are we really setting our kids up for success now a few years ago i was a judge on a cooking competition called chopped four chefs compete with mystery ingredients to see who can cook the best dishes except for this episode it was a very special one instead of four overzealous chefs trying to break into the limelight something that i would know nothing about these chefs were school chefs you know the women that you used to call lunch ladies but the ones i insist we call school chefs
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now these women god bless these women spend their day cooking for thousands of kids breakfast and lunch with only per lunch with only about a dollar of that actually going to the food in this episode the main course mystery ingredient was now i know it's been a long time since most of you have had a school lunch and we've made a lot of progress on nutrition but still is not a staple in most school cafeterias
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so this was a challenge but the dish that i will never forget was cooked by a woman named cheryl barbara cheryl was the nutrition director at high school in the community in connecticut she cooked this delicious pasta it was amazing it was a with italian sausage kale parmesan cheese it was delicious like restaurant quality good except she basically just threw the pretty much into the dish it was a strange choice and it was super crunchy
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so how did they respond well the kids loved the food they loved the better nutrition and they loved not being hungry but donna's biggest supporter came from an unexpected place his name from eric parker and he was the head football coach for the burke county bears now coach parker had coached mediocre teams for years the bears often ended in the middle of the pack a big disappointment in one of the most passionate football states in the union but the year donna changed the menus the bears not only won their division they went on to win the state championship beating the peach county trojans
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i am a chef and a food policy guy but i come from a whole family of teachers my sister is a special ed teacher in chicago my father just retired after years teaching fifth grade my aunt and uncle were professors my cousins all teach everybody in my family basically teaches except for me
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see cheryl explained that for many of her kids there were no meals on the weekends no meals on saturday no meals on sunday either so she cooked pasta because she wanted to make sure she cooked something she knew her children would eat something that would stick to their ribs she said something that would fill them up
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something that would stick to their ribs she said something that would fill them up cheryl talked about how by the time monday came her kids' hunger pangs were so intense that they couldn't even begin to think about learning food was the only thing on their mind the only thing and unfortunately the stats they tell the same story so let's put this into the context of a child and we're going to focus on the most important meal of the day breakfast meet allison
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and we're going to focus on the most important meal of the day breakfast meet allison she's years old she's smart as a whip and she wants to be a physicist when she grows up if allison goes to a school that serves a nutritious breakfast to all of their kids here's what's going to follow her chances of getting a nutritious meal one with fruit and milk one lower in sugar and salt dramatically increase allison will have a lower rate of obesity than the average kid she'll have to visit the nurse less she'll have lower levels of anxiety and depression she'll have better behavior
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file which is called to do i have my plans i have my clients i am doing my work like i always did so this takes care of my age i want to show you my work so you know what i am doing and why i am here this was about all of these things were made during the last years
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the work as an apprentice was very primitive that means i had to actually learn every aspect of making pottery by hand we mashed the clay with our feet when it came from the hillside after that it had to be it had to then go in kind of a mangle and then finally it was prepared for the throwing and there i really worked as an apprentice my master took me to set ovens because this was part of oven making oven setting in the time and finally i had received a document that i had accomplished my apprenticeship successfully that i had behaved morally and this document was given to me by the guild of roof rail diggers oven setters chimney sweeps and potters
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i also got at the time a which explained my rights and my working conditions and i still have that first i set up a shop in my own garden and made pottery which i sold on the marketplace in budapest and there i was sitting and my then boyfriend i didn't mean it was a boyfriend like it is meant today but my boyfriend and i sat at the market and sold the pots my mother thought that this was not very proper so she sat with us to add propriety to this activity
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in hamburg then i first took this job in hamburg at an art pottery where everything was done on the wheel and so i worked in a shop where there were several potters and the first day i was coming to take my place at the turntable there were three or four turntables and one of them behind where i was sitting was a hunchback a deaf mute hunchback who smelled very bad so i doused him in cologne every day which he thought was very nice and therefore he brought bread and butter every day which i had to eat out of courtesy the first day i came to work in this shop there was on my wheel a surprise for me my colleagues had thoughtfully put on the wheel where i was supposed to work a very nicely modeled natural man's organs
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this was my first job if i go on like this you will be here till midnight
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this is now for sale at the metropolitan museum this is still at the metropolitan museum now for sale this is a portrait of my daughter and myself
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let me tell you some about my life as i said i started to do these things years ago my first exhibition in the united states was at the exhibition in that the hungarian government sent one of my hand drawn pieces as part of the exhibit my work actually took me through many countries and showed me a great part of the world this is not that they took me the work didn't take me i made the things particularly because i wanted to use them to see the world i was incredibly curious to see the world and i made all these things which then finally did take me to see many countries and many cultures i started as an apprentice to a hungarian craftsman and this taught me what the guild system was in middle ages the guild system that means when i was an apprentice i had to apprentice myself in order to become a pottery master in my shop where i studied or learned there was a traditional hierarchy of master journeyman and learned worker and apprentice and i worked as the apprentice
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however after a while there was a new factory being built in budapest a pottery factory a large one and i visited it with several ladies and asked all sorts of questions of the director then the director asked me why do you ask all these questions i said i also have a pottery so he asked me could he please visit me and then finally he did and explained to me that what i did now in my shop was an anachronism that the industrial revolution had broken out and that i rather should join the factory there he made an art department for me where i worked for several months
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so he asked me could he please visit me and then finally he did and explained to me that what i did now in my shop was an anachronism that the industrial revolution had broken out and that i rather should join the factory there he made an art department for me where i worked for several months however everybody in the factory spent his time at the art department the director there said there were several women casting and producing my designs now in molds and this was sold also to america i remember that it was quite successful however the director the chemist model maker everybody concerned himself much more with the art department that means with my work than making toilets so finally they got a letter from the center from the bank who owned the factory saying make toilet setting behind the art department and that was my end so this gave me the possibility because now i was a journeyman and also take their and go to see the world so as a journeyman i put an ad into the paper that i had studied that i was a down potter's journeyman and i was looking for a job as a journeyman and i got several answers and i accepted the one which was farthest from home and practically i thought halfway to america
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you sure yes i am sure well if you are sure i have to tell you that within five minutes i will talk very fast and actually my work took me to many countries because i used my work to fill my curiosity and among other things other countries i worked was in the soviet union where i worked from to actually to i was finally there although i had nothing to do i was a foreign expert
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well along with this ability to plant memories and control behavior obviously come some important ethical issues like when should we use this mind technology and should we ever ban its use therapists can't ethically plant false memories in the mind of their patients even if it would help the patient but there's nothing to stop a parent from trying this out on their overweight or obese teenager and when i suggested this publicly it created an outcry again there she goes she's advocating that parents lie to their children hello santa claus
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i'd like to tell you about a legal case that i worked on involving a man named steve titus titus was a restaurant manager he was years old he lived in seattle washington he was engaged to gretchen about to be married she was the love of his life and one night the couple went out for a romantic restaurant meal they were on their way home and they were pulled over by a police officer you see car sort of resembled a car that was driven earlier in the evening by a man who raped a female and titus kind of resembled that rapist
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where are we going to put this and what will it look like offshore here's an image of what we could do in san francisco bay san francisco produces million gallons a day of waste water if we imagine a five day retention time for this system we'd need million gallons to and that would be about acres of these omega modules floating in san francisco bay well that's less than one percent of the surface area of the bay it would produce at gallons per acre per year it would produce over million gallons of fuel which is about percent of the or of the diesel that would be required in san francisco and that's without doing anything about efficiency where else could we potentially put this system there's lots of possibilities there's of course san francisco bay as i mentioned san diego bay is another example mobile bay or chesapeake bay but the reality is as sea level rises there's going to be lots and lots of new opportunities to consider
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some years ago i set out to try to understand if there was a possibility to develop on a scale that would actually compete with fossil fuels but not compete with agriculture for water fertilizer or land so here's what i came up with imagine that we build an enclosure where we put it just underwater and we fill it with wastewater and some form of that produces oil and we make it out of some kind of flexible material that moves with waves underwater and the system that we're going to build of course will use solar energy to grow the algae and they use which is good and they produce oxygen as they grow the algae that grow are in a container that distributes the heat to the surrounding water and you can harvest them and make and cosmetics and fertilizer and animal feed and of course you'd have to make a large area of this so you'd have to worry about other stakeholders like fishermen and ships and such things but hey we're talking about and we know the importance of potentially getting an alternative liquid fuel why are we talking about here you see a graph showing you the different types of crops that are being considered for making so you can see some things like soybean which makes gallons per acre per year or sunflower or canola or or palm and that tall graph there shows what can contribute
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so shocked well i was too so this person who could not walk on flat land was suddenly a pro at climbing stairs on researching this i realized that it's because it's a continuous motion there's this other man who also suffers from the same symptoms and uses a walker but the moment he's put on a cycle all his symptoms vanish because it is a continuous motion so the key for me was to translate this feeling of walking on a staircase back to flat land and a lot of ideas were tested and tried on him but the one that finally worked was this one let's take a look
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the one thing that i always looked forward to was playing around with my cousins and there was always this one uncle who used to be there always ready jumping around with us having games for us making us kids have the time of our lives this man was extremely successful he was confident and powerful but then i saw this hale and hearty person deteriorate in health he was diagnosed with parkinson's parkinson's is a disease that causes degeneration of the nervous system which means that this person who used to be independent suddenly finds tasks like drinking coffee because of tremors much more difficult my uncle started using a walker to walk and to take a turn he literally had to take one step at a time like this and it took forever so this person who used to be the center of attention in every family gathering was suddenly hiding behind people he was hiding from the pitiful look in people's eyes
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finally we have the partisan barrier even the most committed countries germany the united kingdom canada are nowhere near reducing emissions at the required scale and speed not even close
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now the test of any idea i said it was a literary conceit is what does it get us and when you're talking about nature which is really my subject as a writer how does it meet the aldo leopold test which is does it make us better citizens of the community get us to do things that leads to the support and perpetuation of the rather than its destruction and i would submit that this idea does this so let me go through what you gain when you look at the world this way besides some entertaining insights about human desire as an intellectual matter looking at the world from other species' points of view helps us deal with this weird anomaly which is and this is in the realm of intellectual history which is that we have this darwinian revolution years ago ugh mini me
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you know we went into it thinking or human genes and we came out with only just to give you grounds for comparison rice genes so who's the more sophisticated species well we're all equally sophisticated we've been evolving just as long just along different paths so cure for self importance way to sort of make us feel the darwinian idea and that's really what i do as a writer as a storyteller is try to make people feel what we know and tell stories that actually help us think ecologically now the other use of this is practical and i'm going to take you to a farm right now because i used this idea to develop my understanding of the food system and what i learned in fact is that we are all now being manipulated by corn and the talk you heard about ethanol earlier today to me is the final triumph of corn over good sense
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it's a simple idea about nature i want to say a word for nature because we haven't talked that much about it the last couple days i want to say a word for the soil and the bees and the plants and the animals and tell you about a tool a very simple tool that i have found although it's really nothing more than a literary conceit it's not a technology it's very powerful for i think changing our relationship to the natural world and to the other species on whom we depend and that tool is very simply as chris suggested looking at us and the world from the plants' or the animals' point of view
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it's not just australia that has better health than britain within britain there is a of health and this is what's called standardized mortality basically your chances of dying this is looking at data from the paper about years ago but it's true today comparing your rates of dying degrees north that's the south that's london and places by latitude and degrees the bad news is that's here glasgow i'm from edinburgh worse news that's even edinburgh
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an association the higher people's blood levels of vitamin d are the less heart disease they have the less cancer there seems to be a lot of data suggesting that vitamin d is very good for you and it is to prevent rickets and so on but if you give people vitamin d supplements you don't change that high rate of heart disease and the evidence for it preventing cancers is not yet great so what i'm going to suggest is that vitamin d is not the only story in town it's not the only reason preventing heart disease high vitamin d levels i think are a marker for sunlight exposure and sunlight exposure in methods i'm going to show is good for heart disease anyway i came back from australia and despite the obvious risks to my health i moved to aberdeen
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so before i became a dermatologist i started in general medicine as most dermatologists do in britain at the end of that time i went off to australia about years ago what you learn when you go to australia is the australians are very competitive and they are not magnanimous in victory and that happened a lot you you can't play cricket rugby i could accept that
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horrible space here between us up here in southern scotland and the south now we know about smoking deep fried mars bars chips the glasgow diet all of these things but this graph is after taking into account all of these known risk factors this is after accounting for smoking social class diet all those other known risk factors we are left with this missing space of increased deaths the further north you go
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after years of working in restaurants i yearned for my work to have a deeper impact that would go beyond the last meal i had served i wanted to give back both to new york the city that allowed me the opportunity to follow my calling but also to my origins and ancestors in senegal i wanted to contribute to that universal civilization had described but i didn't know how to make a measurable impact as a cook and writer while i was writing my first cookbook i often traveled to different regions of senegal for research during one of those trips in the remote southeast region of i rediscovered an ancient grain called that had all but disappeared from the urban diet it turns out that had been cultivated for more than five thousand years and is probably the oldest cultivated cereal in africa
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and this leads me to the third and in my view the most significant shift in development open governance governments today are opening up just as citizens are demanding voice and accountability from the arab spring to the anna movement in india using mobile phones and social media not just for political accountability but also for development accountability are governments delivering services to the citizens so for instance several governments in africa and eastern europe are opening their budgets to the public but you know there is a big difference between a budget that's public and a budget that's accessible this is a public budget
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i grew up in india's poorest state and i remember when i was six years old i remember coming home one day to find a cart full of the most delicious sweets at our doorstep my brothers and i dug in and that's when my father came home he was livid and i still remember how we cried when that cart with our half eaten sweets was pulled away from us later i understood why my father got so upset those sweets were a bribe from a contractor who was trying to get my father to award him a government contract my father was responsible for building roads in and he had developed a firm stance against corruption even though he was harassed and threatened
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science has shown sunsets and rainbows are illusions so consciousness is an illusion two well maybe it exists but it's really something else it's a computer program running in the brain three no the only thing that exists is really behavior it's embarrassing how influential was but i'll get back to that and four maybe consciousness exists but it can't make any difference to the world how could spirituality move anything now whenever somebody tells me that i think you want to see spirituality move something watch i decide consciously to raise my arm and the damn thing goes up
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there is a really enormous conflict when we are talking about developing country cities between pedestrians and cars here what you see is a picture that shows insufficient democracy what this shows is that people who walk are third class citizens while those who go in cars are first class citizens in terms of transport infrastructure what really makes a difference between advanced and backward cities is not highways or subways but quality sidewalks here they made a probably very useless and they forgot to make a sidewalk this is prevailing all over the world not even schoolchildren are more important than cars in my city of we fought a very difficult battle in order to take space from cars which had been parking on sidewalks for decades in order to make space for people that should reflect dignity of human beings and to make space for protected first of all i had black hair before that
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mobility in developing world cities is a very peculiar challenge because different from health or education or housing it tends to get worse as societies become richer clearly a unsustainable model mobility as most other developing country problems more than a matter of money or technology is a matter of equality equity the great inequality in developing countries makes it difficult to see for example that in terms of transport an advanced city is not one where even the poor use cars but rather one where even the rich use public transport or bicycles for example in amsterdam more than percent of the population uses bicycles despite the fact that the netherlands has a higher income per capita than the united states there is a conflict in developing world cities for money for government investment
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u s in so which books did i read here first books banned in china of course the good earth is about chinese peasant life that's just not convenient for propaganda got it the bible is interesting but strange
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so if you know a foreign language it's also fun to read your favorite books in two languages the way of chuang thomas the way alan watts instead of lost in translation i found there is much to gain for example it's through translation that i realized happiness in chinese literally means fast joy huh bride in chinese literally means new mother uh oh
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my parents wanted me to become an engineer like them after surviving the cultural revolution they firmly believed there's only one sure way to happiness a safe and well paid job it is not important if i like the job or not
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but my dream was to become a chinese opera singer that is me playing my imaginary piano an opera singer must start training young to learn acrobatics so i tried everything i could to go to opera school i even wrote to the school principal and the host of a radio show but no adults liked the idea no adults believed i was serious only my friends supported me but they were kids just as powerless as i was
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but i'm going to ask you a question what do you think a batting average for a cardiac surgeon or a nurse practitioner or an orthopedic surgeon an a paramedic is supposed to be very good now truth of the matter is nobody knows in all of medicine what a good surgeon or physician or paramedic is supposed to bat what we do though is we send each one of them including myself out into the world with the admonition be perfect never ever ever make a mistake but you worry about the details about how that's going to happen and that was the message that i absorbed when i was in med school i was an obsessive compulsive student in high school a classmate once said that brian goldman would study for a blood test
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i ordered a kidney x ray when it turned out to be normal my colleague who was doing a reassessment of the patient noticed some tenderness in the right lower quadrant and called the surgeons the other one had a lot of diarrhea i ordered some fluids to rehydrate him and asked my colleague to reassess him and he did and when he noticed some tenderness in the right lower quadrant called the surgeons in both cases they had their operations and they did okay but each time they were gnawing at me eating at me and i'd like to be able to say to you that my worst mistakes only happened in the first five years of practice as many of my colleagues say which is total b s
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i'm going to focus on one stat that i hope a lot of you have heard of it's called batting average so we talk about a a batter who bats that means that ballplayer batted safely hit safely three times out of at bats
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i was an obsessive compulsive student in high school a classmate once said that brian goldman would study for a blood test and so i did and i studied in my little garret at the nurses' residence at toronto general hospital not far from here and i memorized everything i memorized in my anatomy class the origins and exertions of every muscle every branch of every artery that came off the aorta differential diagnoses obscure and common i even knew the differential diagnosis in how to classify renal tubular acidosis and all the while i was amassing more and more knowledge and i did well i graduated with honors cum laude
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in the halls of the vermont state house where i was a lobbyist in training and asked me what i was going to do with my life i would have told you that i'd just passed the the chinese equivalency exam and i was going to go study law in beijing and i was going to improve u s relations through top down policy changes and judicial system reforms
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so before going to law school in china i bought a banjo i threw it in my little red truck and i traveled down through appalachia and i learned a bunch of old american songs and i ended up in kentucky at the international bluegrass music association convention and i was sitting in a hallway one night and a couple girls came up to me and they said hey do you want to jam and i was like sure so i picked up my banjo and i nervously played four songs that i actually knew with them and a record executive walked up to me and invited me to nashville tennessee to make a record
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it's been eight years and i can tell you that i didn't go to china to become a lawyer in fact i went to nashville and after a few months i was writing songs and the first song i wrote was in english and the second one was in chinese chinese outside your door the world is waiting
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outside your door the world is waiting inside your heart a voice is calling the four corners of the world are watching so travel daughter travel go get it girl it's really been eight years since that fated night in kentucky and i've played thousands of shows and i've collaborated with so many incredible inspirational musicians around the world
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the a beast so terrifying it was said to devour men and ships and whales and so enormous it could be mistaken for an island in assessing the merits of such tales it's probably wise to keep in mind that old sailor's saw that the only difference between a fairytale and a sea story is a fairytale begins once upon a time and a sea story begins this ain't no shit
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i'm the short one the other two are dr and dr steve o'shea i owe my participation in this now historic event to ted in there was a ted event called mission blue held aboard the lindblad explorer in the galapagos as part of the fulfillment of sylvia ted wish i spoke about a new way of exploring the ocean one that focuses on attracting animals instead of scaring them away mike was also invited and he spoke with great passion about his love of the ocean and he also talked to me about applying my approach to something he's been involved with for a very long time which is the hunt for the giant squid it was mike that got me invited to the squid summit a gathering of squid experts at the discovery channel that summer during shark week
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but that could just be because the submersible has a wider field of view but i also felt like i saw more animals working with the than the two vehicles with the same field of view but different propulsion systems so my suspicion was that it might have something to do with the amount of noise they make so i set up a on the bottom of the ocean and i had each of these fly by at the same speed and distance and recorded the sound they made
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so my suspicion was that it might have something to do with the amount of noise they make so i set up a on the bottom of the ocean and i had each of these fly by at the same speed and distance and recorded the sound they made the johnson sea link which you can probably just barely hear here uses electric thrusters very very quiet the also uses electric powered thrusters it's also pretty quiet but a bit noisier but most deep diving these days use hydraulics and they sound like the i think that's got to be scaring a lot of animals away so for the deep sea squid hunt i proposed using an optical lure attached to a camera platform with no thrusters no motors just a battery powered camera and the only illumination coming from red light that's invisible to most deep sea animals that are adapted to see primarily blue that's visible to our eye but it's the equivalent of infrared in the deep sea
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i've always been very worried about resource i don't know about you but when my mother gave me food i always sorted the ones i disliked from the ones i liked and i ate the disliked ones first because the ones you like you want to save and as a child you're always worried about resource and once it was sort of explained to me how fast we were using up the world's resources i got very upset about as upset as i did when i realized that the earth will only last about five billion years before it's swallowed by the sun big events in my life a strange child
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energy at the moment is dominated by resource the countries that make a lot of money out of energy have something underneath them coal powered industrial revolution in this country oil gas sorry
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but if you wanted to know what the perfect energy source is the perfect energy source is one that doesn't take up much space has a virtually inexhaustible supply is safe doesn't put any carbon into the atmosphere doesn't leave any long lived radioactive waste it's fusion but there is a catch of course there is always a catch in these cases fusion is very hard to do we've been trying for years okay what is fusion here comes the nuclear physics and sorry about that but this is what turns me on
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we're really dominated now by those things that we're using up faster and faster and faster and as we try to lift billions of people out of poverty in the third world in the developing world we're using energy faster and faster and those resources are going away and the way we'll make energy in the future is not from resource it's really from knowledge if you look years into the future the way we probably will be making energy is probably one of these three with some wind with some other things but these are going to be the base load energy drivers solar can do it and we certainly have to develop solar
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solar can do it and we certainly have to develop solar but we have a lot of knowledge to gain before we can make solar the base load energy supply for the world fission our government is going to put in six new nuclear power stations they're going to put in six new nuclear power stations and probably more after that china is building nuclear power stations everybody is because they know that that is one sure way to do carbon free energy
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the most stable nucleus is iron right in the middle of the periodic table it's a medium sized nucleus and you want to go towards iron if you want to get energy so uranium which is very big wants to split but small atoms want to join together small nuclei want to join together to make bigger ones to go towards iron
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worried that's why i began this piece i was worried about i was worried what we think about and even more worried that we don't think about them i was worried about my own vagina it needed a context a culture a community of other there is so much darkness and secrecy surrounding them like the bermuda triangle nobody ever reports back from there
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find your vagina women go days weeks months without looking at it i interviewed a high powered businesswoman she told me she didn't have time looking at your vagina she said is a full day's work
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they began as casual vagina interviews and they turned into vagina monologues i talked with over women i talked to older women younger women married women lesbians single women i talked to corporate professionals college professors actors sex workers i talked to african american women asian american women native american women caucasian women jewish women ok at first women were a little shy a little reluctant to talk once they got going you couldn't stop them women love to talk about their they do mainly because no one's ever asked them before
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