Split (3)

train · 8k rows

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.

Unnamed: 0 int64 0 8k	prompt stringlengths 234 1.52k	response stringlengths 1 22.5k	text stringlengths 243 22.9k
200	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: A young girl has consumed barium carbonate with suicidal intent. She complains of generalized muscle weakness. The most likely electrolyte is:, with the fol...	Barium may shift extracellular potassium intracellularly, resulting in extracellular hypokalemia, which is believed to mediate barium-induced paralysis and muscle weakness. So hypokalemia is thesingle best answer of choice Ref: Medical Toxicology-Richard C. Da, Pages 1403-04; The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Tox...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: A young girl has consumed barium carbonate with suicidal intent. She complains of generalized muscle weakness. The most likely electrolyte is:, with the fol...
201	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Thickening of axon leads to -, with the following options: A: Increased speed of conduction, B: Decreased speed of conduction, C: Increased absolute refrac...	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Increased speed of conduction o Thickness of nerve fiber (Axon) has linear relation with velocity (speed) of conduction.Factors affecting nerve conduction (Propagation of APIo There are many factors that affect the nerve conduction. Propagation of action potential (nerve conduction) is favoured byQ:-L...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Thickening of axon leads to -, with the following options: A: Increased speed of conduction, B: Decreased speed of conduction, C: Increased absolute refrac...
202	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Epithelium of "Trigone of bladder" is derived from, with the following options: A: Vesicourethral Canal, B: Mesoderm, C: Splanchnopleuric Mesoderm, D: Urac...	The urinary bladder is derived from the cranial pa of the vesicourethral canal (endoderm).The epithelium of the trigone is derived from absorbed mesonephric ducts (mesoderm)Reference: Inderbir Singh Embryology; 10th edition; Page no: 292	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Epithelium of "Trigone of bladder" is derived from, with the following options: A: Vesicourethral Canal, B: Mesoderm, C: Splanchnopleuric Mesoderm, D: Urac...
203	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Which of the following is not a feature of Wernicke's,encephalopathy:, with the following options: A: Global confusion, B: Opthalmoplegia, C: Ataxia, D: Ap...	Ans.(d) AphasiaRef: Harrison 19th ed. / 2724The classic triad of symptoms found in Wernicke's encepha- lopathy is:* Global Confusion* Ophthalmo-plegia (Most commonly affecting the lateral rectus muscle).* AtaxiaFor diagnosis: Thiamine can be measured using an erythrocyte transketolase activity assay or by activation by...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Which of the following is not a feature of Wernicke's,encephalopathy:, with the following options: A: Global confusion, B: Opthalmoplegia, C: Ataxia, D: Ap...
204	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: In tubercular meningitis what is not seen?, with the following options: A: Low sugar, B: Lymphocytic pleocytosis, C: High protein, D: Opening pressure is l...	ANSWER: (D) Opening pressure is lowREF: Chandrasoma Taylor 3rd ed p. 915CSF changes in meningitisCSF parametersBacterial meningitisTB meningitisViral meningitisOpening pressureRaisedRaisedRaisedGross appearanceTurbidClear (may clot)ClearProtein (normal - 20-50 mg/dl)HighVery highSlightly highGlucose (40-70mg/dl)Very lo...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: In tubercular meningitis what is not seen?, with the following options: A: Low sugar, B: Lymphocytic pleocytosis, C: High protein, D: Opening pressure is l...
205	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Perioperative respiratory failure is, with the following options: A: Type I respiratory failure, B: Type II respiratory failure, C: Type III respiratory fa...	TYPE III RESPIRATORY FAILUREThis form of respiratory failure results from lung atelectasis. Because atelectasis occurs so commonly in the perioperative period, this form is also called perioperative respiratory failure. After general anaesthesia, decreases in functional residual capacity lead to the collapse of depende...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Perioperative respiratory failure is, with the following options: A: Type I respiratory failure, B: Type II respiratory failure, C: Type III respiratory fa...
206	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: On MRI, the differential diagnosis of spinal cord edema is:, with the following options: A: Myelodysplasia, B: Myelomalacia, C: Myeloschisis, D: Cord tumor...	Myelomalacia is a increased T2w signal in the spinal cord where the spinal cord is atrophic with gliosis producing small and bright appearence of spinal cord	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: On MRI, the differential diagnosis of spinal cord edema is:, with the following options: A: Myelodysplasia, B: Myelomalacia, C: Myeloschisis, D: Cord tumor...
207	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: All of the following are used to assess the mid-upper arm circumference except?, with the following options: A: Bangle test, B: Shakir tape method, C: Quac...	Harpenden calliper is used to measure skinfold thickness which is an indication of subcutaneous fat. The other three are used to measure the mid-upper arm circumference. The Shakir tape is used to measure mid-upper arm circumference. It has three coloured zones corresponding to various levels of wasting * In bangle tes...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: All of the following are used to assess the mid-upper arm circumference except?, with the following options: A: Bangle test, B: Shakir tape method, C: Quac...
208	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Normal Axis of the hea is best described as being between:, with the following options: A: -30 to + 110, B: +30 to - 110, C: -30 to - 110, D: +90 to + 110 ...	Cardiac Axis Normal Cardiac Axis Normal cardiac axis flow down and towards the left lower aspect of the hea between - 30 and +110 Left Axis Detion Cardiac axis flow is upward and toward the left upper half of the hea between -30 and -90 Right Axis Detion Cardiac axis flow is downward and toward the right pa of the hea ...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Normal Axis of the hea is best described as being between:, with the following options: A: -30 to + 110, B: +30 to - 110, C: -30 to - 110, D: +90 to + 110 ...
209	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: All are features of hypernatremia except, with the following options: A: Convulsions, B: Elevated intracranial tension, C: Periodic paralysis, D: Doughy sk...	Ans. is 'c' i.e., Periodic paralysis Periodic paralysis, is seen in hyponatermia Clinical features of Hypernatremia :? Most patients with hypernatremia are dehydrated and have the typical signs and symptoms of dehydration. Hypernatremia even without dehydration causes central nervous system symptoms that tend to parall...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: All are features of hypernatremia except, with the following options: A: Convulsions, B: Elevated intracranial tension, C: Periodic paralysis, D: Doughy sk...
210	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Atherosclerosis is due to, with the following options: A: HDL receptor defect, B: Apo protein E deficiency, C: Decreased LDL activity, D: Decreased lipopro...	Atherosclerosis is a slowly progressive disease of large to medium-sized muscular aeries and large elastic aeries characterised by elevated focal intimal fibrofattyPlaques. Principal larger vessels affected are the abdominal aoa, descending thoracic aoa, internal carotid aeries and medium to smaller sized vessels affec...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Atherosclerosis is due to, with the following options: A: HDL receptor defect, B: Apo protein E deficiency, C: Decreased LDL activity, D: Decreased lipopro...
211	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: A multigravida at 35 weeks' gestation had the following finding on ultrasound. The following can be the causes except:, with the following options: A: Diab...	Ans. B. Posterior urethral valvePolyhydramnios is diagnosed when the AFI >24cm or the single deepest pocket measures >8cm.Causes of polyhydramnios:a. MC cause of mild polyhydramnios = idiopathicb. Multifetal pregnancyc. Maternal diabetesd. Cleft lip/palate (GIT anomalies >NTD)e. Esophageal atresia/duodenal atresiaf. An...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: A multigravida at 35 weeks' gestation had the following finding on ultrasound. The following can be the causes except:, with the following options: A: Diab...
212	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: A 60 year male is brought by his wife. He thinks that he had committed sins all through his life. He is very much depressed and has considered committing su...	The patient in question is presenting with features of depression and delusional guilt suggesting a diagnosis of depressive disorder with psychotic features. Such patients should be managed with a combination of Antipsychotics and antidepressants.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: A 60 year male is brought by his wife. He thinks that he had committed sins all through his life. He is very much depressed and has considered committing su...
213	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: In spinal anaesthesia the needle pierced upto, with the following options: A: Subdural space, B: Extradural space, C: Epidural space, D: Subrachnoid space ...	Ans. d (Subarachnoid space). (Ref. Harrisons, Medicine, 18th/735)SPINAL ANESTHESIA# The term "spinal anesthesia" was coined in 1885 by Leonard Corning.Technique of spinal anesthesia:# In spinal anaesthesia the spinal needle is pierced upto subarachnoid space where the anaesthetic agent is injected to produce the anaest...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: In spinal anaesthesia the needle pierced upto, with the following options: A: Subdural space, B: Extradural space, C: Epidural space, D: Subrachnoid space ...
214	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Apex of the heart is formed by -, with the following options: A: Left atrium, B: Left atrium + left ventricle, C: Left ventricle, D: Right ventricle + left...	Ans. is 'c' i.e., Left ventricle o The heart has following borders and surfacesA) Bordersi) Right border:- Formed by right atrium.ii) Left border (obtuse margin):- Formed mainly by left ventricle and partly by left auricle (in its upper most part).iii) Inferior border (acute margin):- Formed mainly by right ventricle a...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Apex of the heart is formed by -, with the following options: A: Left atrium, B: Left atrium + left ventricle, C: Left ventricle, D: Right ventricle + left...
215	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: "Cock-up" splint is used in treatment of, with the following options: A: Ulnar nerve palsy, B: Radial nerve palsy, C: Median nerve palsy, D: Sciatic nerve ...	Ans. b (Radial nerve palsy) (Ref. Maheshwari orthopedics 3rd ed., p 59; Table 10.6.)RADIAL NERVE PALSY# This is a common injury after a humerus and if there is no prospect of return of function, then transfers of flexor tendons to the extensor side will stabilise the wrist and allow extension of the fingers.# The class...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: "Cock-up" splint is used in treatment of, with the following options: A: Ulnar nerve palsy, B: Radial nerve palsy, C: Median nerve palsy, D: Sciatic nerve ...
216	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Most common cause of breech presentation is, with the following options: A: Prematurity, B: Contracted pelvis, C: Oligohydramnios, D: Placenta pre ### Res...	Causes of breech presentation : Prematurity - Most common cause Undue mobility of the fetus Fetal abnormality Favorable adaptation Ref: Dutta Obs 9e pg 352.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Most common cause of breech presentation is, with the following options: A: Prematurity, B: Contracted pelvis, C: Oligohydramnios, D: Placenta pre ### Res...
217	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: ACE inhibitor when used for long time in hypeension patient cause, with the following options: A: Rightward shift in Renal pressure natriuresis curve, B: R...	Refer Goodman and Gilman 10e p804 Angiotensin 2 shifts the renal pressure natriuresis curve to the right side and helps to adjust the sodium levels in the body according to dietary intake of the sodium( more excretion from more intake and less excretion from less excretion from less intake ACE inhibitors block the acti...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: ACE inhibitor when used for long time in hypeension patient cause, with the following options: A: Rightward shift in Renal pressure natriuresis curve, B: R...
218	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: The ideal treatment of bilateral idiopathic clubfoot in a newborn is -, with the following options: A: Manipulation by mother, B: Manipulation and Dennis B...	Bilateral idiopathic clubfoot is managed by manipulation & applying cast I.e the surgeon manipulates the foot after sedating the child .The foot is then held in corrected position with plaster casts. There are two philosophies of treatment of clubfoot - * Kite&;s & * ponsetti&;s * kite&;s philosophy- begin at age of 1 ...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: The ideal treatment of bilateral idiopathic clubfoot in a newborn is -, with the following options: A: Manipulation by mother, B: Manipulation and Dennis B...
219	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: HTLV-1 causes which of the following?, with the following options: A: Tropical spastic paraparesis, B: Familial medeterranian fever, C: Cutaneous T cell ly...	HTLV1 causes tropical spastic paraparesis&adult T cell leukemia REF:MICROBIOLOGY ANANTHA NARAYANAN NINTH EDITION PAGE.567	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: HTLV-1 causes which of the following?, with the following options: A: Tropical spastic paraparesis, B: Familial medeterranian fever, C: Cutaneous T cell ly...
220	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Patient's relative gives a history of tattoo, however it was not found during autopsy. What should be dissected to find it:, with the following options: A:...	Tattoo Marks Faint or disappeared tattoo marks can be made out on histological study of the regional lymph nodesQ. In Decomposed bodies,they are made visible by treating the area with 3 %hydrogen peroxideQ.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Patient's relative gives a history of tattoo, however it was not found during autopsy. What should be dissected to find it:, with the following options: A:...
221	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: A 55-year-old woman is diagnosed with invasive cervical carcinoma by cone biopsy. Pelvic examination and rectal examination reveal the parametrium is free o...	Now here — in this patient On examination — Parametrium is not involved and upper part of vagina is involved so stage will be IIa — clinically. Remember cervical cancer is still staged clinically by using investigations recommended by FIGO. CT scan results, while clinically useful are not useful to stage the disease. N...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: A 55-year-old woman is diagnosed with invasive cervical carcinoma by cone biopsy. Pelvic examination and rectal examination reveal the parametrium is free o...
222	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: What is the dosage of retinol palmitate for early stages of xerophthalmia: September 2011, with the following options: A: 90 mg orally on two successive da...	Ans. C: 110 mg orally on two successive days Nearly all of the early stages of xerophthalmia can be reversed by administration of a massive dose (2,00,000 IU or 110 mg of retinol palmitate) orally on 2 successive days Xerophthalmia/ Dry eyes Condition in which the eye fails to produce tears. Xerophthalmia caused by a s...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: What is the dosage of retinol palmitate for early stages of xerophthalmia: September 2011, with the following options: A: 90 mg orally on two successive da...
223	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Which of the following is an example of Trinucleotide repeat mutation?, with the following options: A: Huntington's chorea, B: Fragile-X-syndrome, C: Fried...	Polyglutamine Disorders Huntington Disease (HD) Spinobulbar Muscular Atrophy (SBMA) Spinocerebellar Ataxias (SCA types 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 17) Dentatorubro-Pallidoluysian Atrophy (DRPLA) Non-polyglutamine Disorders Fragile X Syndrome (FRAXA) Fragile XE Mental Retardation (FRAXE) Friedreich Ataxia (FRDA) Myotonic Dystrop...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Which of the following is an example of Trinucleotide repeat mutation?, with the following options: A: Huntington's chorea, B: Fragile-X-syndrome, C: Fried...
224	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Streptococcus is classified based on, with the following options: A: M protein, B: Cultural characteristics, C: Bile solubility, D: Cell wall carbohydrate ...	Hemolytic streptococci were classified by Lancefield serologically into groups based on the nature of a carbohydrate (C) antigen on the cell wall. These are known as Lancefield groups, twenty of which have been identified so far and named A-V (without I and J). Reference: Textbook of Microbiology; Anathanarayan and pan...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Streptococcus is classified based on, with the following options: A: M protein, B: Cultural characteristics, C: Bile solubility, D: Cell wall carbohydrate ...
225	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: When fetus is in attitude of flexion, presentation is :, with the following options: A: Veex, B: Brow, C: Cephalic, D: Face ### Response:	The pa of the fetus which occupies the lower pole of the uterus is called the presentation of the fetus In an attitude of flexion the presention is Cephalic Ref: Dutta Obs 9e pg 69.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: When fetus is in attitude of flexion, presentation is :, with the following options: A: Veex, B: Brow, C: Cephalic, D: Face ### Response: The pa of the fe...
226	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Broad casts seen in cases of -, with the following options: A: Advanced renal failure, B: Hypotention, C: Severe hydronephrosis, D: Renal pappilary necrosi...	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Advanced renal failure Casts* Urinary casts are formed only in the distal convoluted tubuleQ (DCT) or the collecting ductR (distal nephron).* The proximal convoluted tubule and loop of henle are not the locations for cast formation.* Casts are formed through the solidification of materials in the tubu...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Broad casts seen in cases of -, with the following options: A: Advanced renal failure, B: Hypotention, C: Severe hydronephrosis, D: Renal pappilary necrosi...
227	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Contraceptive method of choice in lactating mothers is, with the following options: A: Barrier method, B: Progesterone only pills, C: Oral contraceptive pi...	Progesterone only pills or mini pill Pills that contain very low doses of progestin, do not contain estrogen, and so can be used throughout the period of breastfeeding.These pills work primarily by thickening cervical mucus, disrupting the menstrual cycle, and preventing the ovulation.Reference: Mudaliar and Menon&;s c...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Contraceptive method of choice in lactating mothers is, with the following options: A: Barrier method, B: Progesterone only pills, C: Oral contraceptive pi...
228	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: All of the following are mediators of acute inflammation except -, with the following options: A: Angiotensin, B: Prostaglandin E2, C: Kallikrein, D: C 3a ...	. Angiotensin	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: All of the following are mediators of acute inflammation except -, with the following options: A: Angiotensin, B: Prostaglandin E2, C: Kallikrein, D: C 3a ...
229	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Regarding Anti-mullerian hormone true is all except, with the following options: A: It causes regression of ipsilateral paramesonephric duct., B: Controls ...	AMH is secreted by sertoli cells.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Regarding Anti-mullerian hormone true is all except, with the following options: A: It causes regression of ipsilateral paramesonephric duct., B: Controls ...
230	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Frequency for trans vaginal USG for obstetric purpose, with the following options: A: 3 - 5 MHz, B: 5 -7.5 MHz, C: 7.5 - 20 MHz, D: > 20 MHz ### Respons...	Transabdominal USG - 3 - 5 MHz. Trans vaginal USG - 5 - 7.5 MHz.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Frequency for trans vaginal USG for obstetric purpose, with the following options: A: 3 - 5 MHz, B: 5 -7.5 MHz, C: 7.5 - 20 MHz, D: > 20 MHz ### Respons...
231	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Energy is required in which transport process, across cell membrane -, with the following options: A: Osmosis, B: Facilitated diffusion, C: Active transpor...	Ans. is kc' i.e.. Active transport Types of transport across cell membrane Carrier protein involvedEnergy requiredConcentration gradientSimple diffusionNoNoAlong (Down hill)Osmosis (Diffusion of H30)NoNoAlong (Down hill)Facilitated diffusionYesNoAlong (Down hill)Active transportYesYesAgainst (Uphill)ExocytosisNoYesN/A ...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Energy is required in which transport process, across cell membrane -, with the following options: A: Osmosis, B: Facilitated diffusion, C: Active transpor...
232	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Maintenance level of Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation in shock must be, with the following options: A: < 40%, B: 40-50%, C: 50-70%, D: >70%. ### Response:	Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation: - * This is a measure of oxygen returning to hea from body after delivery and extraction by tissues. * Normal Value- 50-70% * In cardiogenic shock and Hypovolemic shock, the tissues takes up more oxygen and hence value is low < 50% * In Septic and Distributive shock , the tissues takes u...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Maintenance level of Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation in shock must be, with the following options: A: < 40%, B: 40-50%, C: 50-70%, D: >70%. ### Response: M...
233	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: A baby with flat face, low set ears, micrognathia has limb deformities . and bilateral renal agenesis . There is antenatal history of oligohydromnios . The ...	Potter syndrome : potter facies : Flat face, flat nose, low set ears, receding chin. Bilateral renal agenesis. Most common cause of death in pulmonary hypoplasia.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: A baby with flat face, low set ears, micrognathia has limb deformities . and bilateral renal agenesis . There is antenatal history of oligohydromnios . The ...
234	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Iceberg phenomonon is shown by -, with the following options: A: Rabies, B: Measles, C: Tetanus, D: Influenza ### Response:	Ans. is 'd' i.e., Influenza Icebarg of diseaseo Disease in a community may be compared with an iceberg. The floating tip of the iceberg represents what the physian sees in the community, i.e. clinical cases (Diagnosed case, symptomatic case or clinically apparent case).o The vast submerged portion of the iceberg repres...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Iceberg phenomonon is shown by -, with the following options: A: Rabies, B: Measles, C: Tetanus, D: Influenza ### Response: Ans. is 'd' i.e., Influenza Ic...
235	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Least common cause of clubbing is:, with the following options: A: Adenocarcinoma, B: Squamous cell cancer, C: Small cell cancer, D: Mesothelioma ### Resp...	Lung cancer is the most common cause of clubbing . Most common with adenocarcinoma and is least common with small cell lung cancer.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Least common cause of clubbing is:, with the following options: A: Adenocarcinoma, B: Squamous cell cancer, C: Small cell cancer, D: Mesothelioma ### Resp...
236	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Which of the following changes does not occur in malignant hypeension :, with the following options: A: Peticheal Haemorrhages on coical surface, B: Fibrin...	Answer is D (Hyaline Aeriosclerosis) : Hyaline aeriosclerosis is a feature of Benign Nephrosclerosis associated with benign phase of Hypeension. It is not a ,feature of Malignant Hypeension.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Which of the following changes does not occur in malignant hypeension :, with the following options: A: Peticheal Haemorrhages on coical surface, B: Fibrin...
237	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Fixative agent for PAP smear is which of the following?, with the following options: A: Normal saline, B: 95% ethanol, C: Formalin, D: Air drying ### Resp...	PAP smear is an impoant screening test which is used to diagnose cervical dysplasia or cervical carcinoma in females. We use Ether and 95% ethyl alcohol solution in the ratio 1:1 as fixative for the purpose of PAP smear. Best screening test to pick up cervical cancer in the early stage - (Visual Inspection of Cervix wi...	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Fixative agent for PAP smear is which of the following?, with the following options: A: Normal saline, B: 95% ethanol, C: Formalin, D: Air drying ### Resp...
238	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Amino acid derived hormone are all except:, with the following options: A: Adrenal medullary hormone., B: Thyroid hormone., C: FSH., D: None. ### Response...	Steroid hormones (derivatives of cholesterol) - Eg: Corticosteroids and sex hormones Derivatives of amino acid tyrosine - Eg: Thyroid & adrenal medullary hormones Protein hormones – i) Glycoproteins - Eg: TSH, LH, FSH ii) Polypeptides - Eg: Growth hormone, ACTH, Insulin, Prolactin	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Amino acid derived hormone are all except:, with the following options: A: Adrenal medullary hormone., B: Thyroid hormone., C: FSH., D: None. ### Response...
239	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Highest cholesterol content is seen in -, with the following options: A: LDL, B: VLDL, C: Chylomicrons, D: IDL ### Response:	Ans. is 'a' i.e., LDL o Maximum triglyceride contento Maximum exogenous triglyceride o Maximum endogenous triglycerideo Maximum cholesterol content----ChylomicronsChylomicronsVLDLLDL	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Answer the following medical question: Highest cholesterol content is seen in -, with the following options: A: LDL, B: VLDL, C: Chylomicrons, D: IDL ### Response: Ans. is 'a' i.e., LDL o Maxim...