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factoid | What memory problems are reported in the " Gulf war syndrome" | ['memory loss'] | memory loss | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15251045",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14515407",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11600803",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11478226",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9096828",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9005271"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15251045",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1309,
"offsetInEndSection": 1320,
"text": "memory loss"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1451... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018923"
] | [
{
"o": "UMLS_CUI:C0282550",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/diseaseontology/id/DOID:4491"
},
{
"o": "persian gulf syndrome",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/diseas... | 52f896d62059c6d71c000046 |
factoid | Which molecule is targeted by Daratumumab? | [['CD38']] | ['Daratumumab is a novel, high-affinity, therapeutic human monoclonal antibody against unique CD38 epitope with broad-spectrum killing activity.', 'Daratumumab, an investigated anti-cancer drug targeting CD38, has been of great interest in the treatment of CD38-expressing malignancies, especially multiple myeloma.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25865943",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26137203",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25764134",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25988285",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25626316",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25964097",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25865943",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 189,
"offsetInEndSection": 357,
"text": "Daratumumab, an investigated anti-cancer drug targeting CD38, has been of great interest in the treatment of CD3... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56c04412ef6e39474100001b |
factoid | Which mutation is associated with PLMS (periodic limb movements in sleep)? | ['missense substitution, Met1Val (M1V), in the DCX gene.'] | missense substitution, Met1Val (M1V), was identified in the DCX gene | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19619967"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19619967",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 541,
"offsetInEndSection": 732,
"text": "We describe a 2-year-old girl affected by SBH with epilepsy and periodic limb movements (PLMs), in whom a novel ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009154",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020189"
] | [] | 52f899952059c6d71c00004b |
factoid | Which DNA repair system is involved in HNPCC? | ['In HNPCC, the mismatch DNA repair system is involved.'] | In HNPCC families, germline mutations in any of four genes encoding proteins of a specialized DNA repair system, the mismatch repair, predispose to cancer development. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21459714",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9244653",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8723065"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21459714",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 293,
"text": "The HNPCC syndrome (hereditary non polyposis colon cancer) or Lynch syndrome stands for an autosomic dominant cond... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004260",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D045643",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D053843",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/a... | [] | 53161545b166e2b806000002 |
factoid | Mention the only available genomics and developmental transcriptomics resource for the urochordate Oikopleura dioica | [['OikoBase']] | ['OikoBase (http://oikoarrays.biology.uiowa.edu/Oiko/) is a tiling array-based genome browser resource for Oikopleura dioica, a metazoan belonging to the urochordates, the closest extant group to vertebrates. OikoBase facilitates retrieval and mining of a variety of useful genomics information and will provide a valuab... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23185044"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23185044",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "OikoBase: a genomics and developmental transcriptomics resource for the urochordate Oikopleura dioica."
},
{
"be... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D023281",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015509",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014561"
] | [] | 56ae6e650a360a5e4500000e |
factoid | Which hormone receptor function is altered in patients with Donohue syndrome? | ['insulin'] | Donohue syndrome (leprechaunism) is a rare, recessively inherited disorder of extreme insulin resistance due to mutations in the insulin receptor gene causing either defects in insulin binding or receptor autophosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity. This syndrome is characterized by excessive hyperglycemia with hy... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23990696",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23824322",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23229189",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22972224",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22768670",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21092701",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23990696",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 104,
"offsetInEndSection": 247,
"text": "This disease is caused by a defective insulin receptor and features abnormal glucose metabolism and retarded int... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056731",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050470",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0051427",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term... | [
{
"o": "MSH: Rare autosomal recessive syndrome of extreme insulin resistance due to mutations in the binding domain of INSULIN RECEPTOR. Clinical features include severe intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction, characteristic dysmorphic FACIES; HIRSUTISM; VIRILIZATION; multiple endocrine abnormalities, an... | 5314bd7ddae131f847000006 |
factoid | What is the typical rash associated with gluten ? | [['dermatitis herpetiformis']] | ['Dermatitis herpetiformis is a lifelong, gluten-sensitive, blistering skin disease with pathognomonic immunoglobulin (Ig)A deposits in the papillary dermis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22547981",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21159258",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17340026",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15953332",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15489956",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15033190",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22547981",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 139,
"text": "Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an autoimmunity-driven inflammatory blistering dermatosis associated with a glute... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 55180ef46487737b43000006 |
factoid | Which is the vector of Louping ill virus? | ['Ixodes ricinus'] | ['Louping ill virus (LIV) belongs to the mammalian tick-borne virus group of the genus Flavivirus which cause central nervous system disease. LIV infects the red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoticus, causing high mortality. LIV is transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus.', 'Deer are the key hosts of the vector (Ixodes ricin... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22939093",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19685082",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19631009",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18471057",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17346361",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15252984",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22939093",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 528,
"offsetInEndSection": 664,
"text": "Deer are the key hosts of the vector (Ixodes ricinus) that transmits LIV to red grouse Lagopus lagopus scoti... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008146",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004669",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:10250",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+E... | [
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/Keyword",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/VIRUSES%2Flouping-ill"
},
{
"o": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#Label",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-synta... | 51716e808ed59a060a00000b |
factoid | Which value of nuchal translucency thickness is set as the threshold for high-risk for Down Syndrome? | ['3mm'] | NT is physiological for a measurement < 3 mm but the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities (essentially trisomies 21, 18 and 13) increases when NT > or = 3 mm. As women aged, this upper NT threshold value changed according to gestational age. In women aged 35 to 37 years, combined prenatal screening was always positiv... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19416569",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18726925",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18461550",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16912493",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9471429"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19416569",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 511,
"offsetInEndSection": 610,
"text": "Combined prenatal screening was always positive for Down syndrome when NT thickness exceeded 4.0 mm"
},
{
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D048208",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004314",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:14250",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+E... | [] | 53592c1e9a4572de6f000002 |
factoid | What is the function of the spliceosome complex? | [['The excision of introns from nascent eukaryotic transcripts is catalyzed by the spliceosome.']] | ['The excision of introns from nascent eukaryotic transcripts is catalyzed by the spliceosome, a highly complex and dynamic macromolecular machine composed of RNA and protein.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24788092",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24047207",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22430224",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025254",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17574835"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24788092",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "The spliceosome machinery is composed of multimeric protein complexes that generate a diverse repertoire of mRNA t... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56f553e309dd18d46b000006 |
factoid | What is the effect of enamel matrix derivative on pulp regeneration? | [['increase of the osteogenic potential of hDPCs']] | ['EMD increased the osteogenic potential of hDPCs. The expression levels of osteogenesis-related genes, such as ALP, DSPP, BMP, and OPN were also upregulated. In addition, the expression levels of odontogenesis-related transcription factors Osterix and Runx2 were upregulated. Proliferated pulp tissue partly filled the ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24279667",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24246686",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23880267",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21166828",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12640753"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24279667",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 569,
"offsetInEndSection": 1018,
"text": "Among the human studies, two studies reported that EMD is a more efficient DPC procedure compared with calcium ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 55450521bf90a13052000001 |
factoid | What is an acceptable sequence coverage(depth) required for human whole-exome sequencing? | [['30x-60x']] | ['A medium depth may be considered as 8x while the most common values vary between 30x and 60x. Values more than 75x or even up to 125x may be considered for the investigation of rare disease variants.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24065236",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23940558",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23728943",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23647072",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23450047",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23357921",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24065236",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 543,
"offsetInEndSection": 708,
"text": "A total of 5.97 Gb clean data were generated for the two samples, achieving a mean depth of coverage of 31.96 an... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017422",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D059014",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D059472",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 533c390bc45e13371400000b |
factoid | To what extent does HPV vaccination reduce the risk for cervical cancer? | ['Cervical precancer and similar neoplasias were reduced by 84-100%'] | The most effective strategy therein was vaccination of 12-year-olds, plus a temporary 12-24-year-old catch-up program covering both sexes; whereby HPV 6/11/16/18-related cervical cancer, high-grade cervical precancer, and genital wart incidence was reduced by 84-98% during year 50 following vaccine introduction. Vaccin... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19901442",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19901441",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19200838",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23016781",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21245659",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20593935",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17318575",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 891,
"offsetInEndSection": 1126,
"text": "The success of HPV vaccination as a major public health prevention opportunity, however, will entirely depend o... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D053918",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014612",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014611",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/a... | [] | 531a3a58b166e2b806000037 |
factoid | Which is the clinical meaning of the presence of delayed enhancement in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? | ['In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy delayed enhancement is associated with heart failure symptoms and left ventricular systolic dysfunction and arrhythmic risk'] | Occurrence of myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is associated with left atrial and ventricular dysfunction as well as with the severity of heart failure symptoms and arrhythmic risk factors. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23097128",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22641976",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21498307",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20102955",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19808288",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19477402",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23097128",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1464,
"offsetInEndSection": 1664,
"text": "The extent of regional myocardial fibrosis is associated with regional myocardial function independently of mo... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002312",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009682",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008279",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [] | 5339edd6d6d3ac6a34000061 |
factoid | What disease is mirtazapine predominantly used for? | ['major depression'] | ['Mirtazapine is predominantly used in the treatment of major depression.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21810886",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071407",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19034656",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19016570",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17440145",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19412502",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19034656",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1475,
"offsetInEndSection": 1565,
"text": "mirtazapine will make it the first-choice drug in depressive patients with gastric ulcers."
},
{
"... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4191931",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4134182",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007202"
] | [
{
"o": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/drugbank/resource/drugs/DB00370",
"p": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseasome/possibleDrug",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/852"
},
{
"o": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#Label",
"p": "http:/... | 5156be17d24251bc05000086 |
factoid | Is cancer related to global DNA hypo or hypermethylation? | ['Global hypomethylation is coupled with focal hypermethylation at CpG islands'] | ['DNA hypermethylation and hypomethylation are independent processes and appear to play different roles in tumor progression. Cancer cells are characterized by a generalized disruption of the DNA methylation pattern involving an overall decrease in the level of 5-methylcytosine together with regional hypermethylation ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22120008",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19639607",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18974140",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18667590",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18162535",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16317087",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22120008",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 89,
"text": "Regions of focal DNA hypermethylation and long-range hypomethylation in colorectal cancer"
},
{
"beginSection": "... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:162",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0044028",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0044026",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0044029",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/c... | null | 516e5f10298dcd4e5100007c |
factoid | Alpha-spectrin and beta-spectrin subunits form parallel or antiparallel heterodimers? | [['antiparallel']] | ['Alpha and beta spectrin subunits form antiparallel spectrin heterodimers by lateral association.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21527722",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21215336",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14761982",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14747656",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10652315",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15522301",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21527722",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1185,
"offsetInEndSection": 1258,
"text": "α- and β-spectrin by LC-MS/MS identifies Cys in these antiparallel chains"
},
{
"beginSection": "title... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4249968",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0008091"
] | [] | 5540b9800083d1bf0e000002 |
factoid | Which is the protein (antigen) targeted by anti-Vel antibodies in the Vel blood group? | ['SMIM1'] | ['SMIM1', 'Disruption of SMIM1 causes the Vel- blood type. The protein carrying the Vel blood group antigen was biochemically purified from red blood cell membranes. Mass spectrometry-based de novo peptide sequencing identified this protein to be small integral membrane protein 1 (SMIM1), a previously uncharacterized s... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23505126",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20795312",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18598283",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14617316",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12430675",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9745158",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20795312",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 155,
"text": "Anti-Vel is an uncommon antibody to a high-prevalence antigen. Its clinical significance and management in the... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4176",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001789",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001788",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Ex... | null | 516545a8298dcd4e51000056 |
factoid | Intact macromolecular assemblies are analysed by advanced mass spectrometry. How large complexes (in molecular weight) have been studied? | ['2.3 megadalton'] | ['2.3 megadalton'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23064518",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19140748",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16939266",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8006040"
] | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23064518",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 165,
"offsetInEndSection": 354,
"text": "Here we show that the Orbitrap mass analyzer can be used to measure protein assemblies of molecular weights ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0065003",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0032991",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0043933",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0034622",
"http://www.nlm.... | null | 514c3fd7d24251bc05000062 |
factoid | What is targeted by Palbociclib? | [['epidermal growth factor receptor']] | ['Necitumumab is a fully human IgG(1) monoclonal antibody directed at the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It is used for treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26045340",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25636162",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25701171",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24216225",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23300028",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109448",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26045340",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 100,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Necitumumab is a second-generation, recombinant, human immunoglobulin G1 EGFR antibody. "
},
{
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56c1f01cef6e394741000044 |
factoid | Which peptide plays a pivotal role in human cystatin C fibrillization? | [['LQVVR']] | ["Human cystatin C (HCC) is a low molecular weight member of the cystatin family (type2). HCC consists of 120 amino acids. Normally it is an inhibitor of cysteine proteases, but in pathological conditions it forms amyloid fibrils in brain arteries of young adults. An 'aggregation-prone' pentapeptide ((47)LQVVR(51)) was... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479090",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 759,
"text": "Human cystatin C (HCC) is a low molecular weight member of the cystatin family (type2). HCC consists of 120 amino ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4262069",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D055316",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4262068",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015891",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/... | [] | 56b1f4300a360a5e4500001b |
factoid | What is the gold standard treatment for Iatrogenic male incontinence? | ['Artificial urethral sphincter', 'AUS'] | The artificial urethral sphincter has represented, until today, the gold standard but, in the recent years, sling systems have been investigated as minimally invasive alternative options. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23259418",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20877609",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19296976",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17982750"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23259418",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 315,
"offsetInEndSection": 779,
"text": "The initial treatment for SUI that persists after 12 months consists of conservative measures such as pelvic flo... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007049",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014549",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014550",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [
{
"o": "C50597",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A10807588"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A10807588",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/re... | 5325fdf0600967d132000001 |
factoid | Which is the main CHEK2 genetic variant, thought to be involved in familial breast cancer? | [['CHEK2 1100delC mutation']] | ['CHEK2 1100delC mutation is recurrently detected in the general population and is thought to confer a moderate risk for breast cancer.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17721994",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16998506",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12610780",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19763819",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14618615"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16998506",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 560,
"offsetInEndSection": 654,
"text": "the two most studied breast cancer-predisposing variants of the CHEK2 gene, 1100delC and I157T"
},
{
"be... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 5357b36cf1005d6b58000006 |
factoid | Which hormone concentrations are altered in patients with the Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome? | ['Thyroid'] | Thyroid hormone concentrations are altered in patients with the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome. In particular, high serum T3 levels and low-normal to low T4 serum levels are common in the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome. It is, an X linked condition, is characterized by severe intellectual disability, dysarthria, athetoid... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24268987",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24170966",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23592749",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23550058",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23419639",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23392090",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24268987",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 144,
"offsetInEndSection": 313,
"text": "This syndrome is characterized by axial hypotonia, severe mental retardation, dysarthria, athetoid movements, sp... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006728",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050631"
] | [
{
"o": "21",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A1702646"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11944644",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/... | 530f900ee3eabad021000003 |
factoid | Where in the cell does the proteins S100A4 and p53 interact ? | [['nucleus']] | ['S100A4 interacts with p53 in the cell nucleus.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23752197",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20591429",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20191297",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20177948",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20140014",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19819244",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23752197",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 40,
"text": "S100A4 interacts with p53 in the nucleus"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016159",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016158",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/S10A4_BOVIN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P53_CANFA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P5... | [
{
"o": "142662-27-9",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/registryNumber",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/chemical/S100A4+protein%2C+human"
},
{
"o": "S100A4 protein, human",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | 54e8c7220fc566b149000002 |
factoid | Which is the causative agent of malaria? | ['Plasmodium species', 'Plasmodium spp.'] | ['Four Plasmodium species commonly infect humans (Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale). Plasmodium falciparum infects about 5-10% of the world human population per year and it is the causative agent of the most severe and lethal form of malaria. P. falciparum causes fatal ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23405174",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23382752",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23349974",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23342028",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23326533",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23293353",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23382752",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 13,
"offsetInEndSection": 107,
"text": "lasmodium falciparum the main causative agent of malaria is an important public health vector."
},
{
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:14324",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008288",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016778",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+E... | [
{
"o": "Malaria",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/710"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17994656",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedl... | 517194ef8ed59a060a000011 |
factoid | What is the major adverse effect of adriamycin(doxorubicin)? | [['Cardiotoxicity', 'Cardiac toxicity']] | ['Cardiac toxicity is a major adverse effect caused by doxorubicin (DOX) therapy. In spite of the routine use of this drug its major adverse effect, the dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, cannot be prevented yet. Cardiotoxicity is a major adverse effect of the anthracycline antibiotics and can be acute or chronic.', 'Cardi... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21295102",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15997091",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15114698",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12445862",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12074691",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3461747",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7325994",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 972,
"offsetInEndSection": 1158,
"text": "It remains to be seen whether inhibition by adriamycin of these systems is related to the severe cardiotoxicity,... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004317",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4269440"
] | [] | 53551206a0726bee57000001 |
factoid | Which is the most common editing modification in eukaryotic mRNA? | [['A-to-I']] | ['One of the most common forms of pre-mRNA editing is A-to-I editing, in which adenosine is deaminated to inosine, which is read as guanosine during translation.', 'One of the most common forms of pre-mRNA editing is A-to-I editing, in which adenosine is deaminated to inosine, which is read as guanosine during translat... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23543219",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21469143",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20198873",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20185571",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23346095",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25577380",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20185571",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 205,
"offsetInEndSection": 364,
"text": "One of the most common forms of pre-mRNA editing is A-to-I editing, in which adenosine is deaminated to inosine,... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016556",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009451",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012333",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017393"
] | [] | 56ffdc1ccf1c32585100000b |
factoid | What is the most likely age of diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD)? | [["Crohn's disease has a bimodal age distribution of disease onset diagnosis. The peaks (20 and 50 years) may represent different phenotypes or different genetic and/or environmental influences between younger- and older-onset individuals."]] | ["Crohn's disease has a bimodal age distribution of disease onset diagnosis. The peaks (20 and 50 years) may represent different phenotypes or different genetic and/or environmental influences between younger- and older-onset individuals. When the age-related incidence of Crohn's disease was plotted for all countries f... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26089697",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23880115",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23511037",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22918090",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21488915",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20844954",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26089697",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1077,
"offsetInEndSection": 1168,
"text": "Eighteen, 17, and 12 patients were diagnosed at ages<40, 40-59, and ≥60 years, respectively"
},
{
"beg... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003424"
] | [] | 56cae3eb5795f9a73e000021 |
factoid | What disease is small bowel lymphoma commonly associated with | [['Celiac disease', 'gluten-associated enteropathy', 'CELIAC SPRU', 'Non tropical spru', 'Gluten Sensitive Enteropath']] | ['Celiac disease'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21532863",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18212211",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12002682",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10912475"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21532863",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 105,
"text": "Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT in small intestine associated with amyloidosis: a rare association."
},
{
... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 5509bd6a1180f13250000002 |
factoid | Which molecule is targeted by a monoclonal antibody Secukinumab? | [['interleukin-17A']] | ['Secukinumab (AIN457) is a fully human anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody that neutralizes interleukin-17A.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25484038",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25354738",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25243910",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25132411",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25007392",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24827753",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25484038",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 670,
"offsetInEndSection": 993,
"text": "We identified 3 distinct clonotypes that efficiently neutralized IL17A in a cell-based in vitro assay. Their pot... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 54e0d7471388e8454a000015 |
factoid | Which calcium/calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase is involved in the activation of the family of NFAT transcription factors (Nuclear Factors of Activated T cells)? | [['Calcineurin', 'CaN', 'phosphatase 2b']] | ['The activity of NFAT proteins is tightly regulated by the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B/calcineurin (CaN).Dephosphorylation of NFAT by CaN is required for NFAT nuclear localization.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18005668",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17572487",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14729474",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11592964",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11559828",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9374467",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17572487",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 692,
"offsetInEndSection": 1027,
"text": "Transcription downstream of Ca(2+) influx is in large part funneled through the transcription factor nuclear fa... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CALM_ELEEL",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D050778"
] | [] | 54f9c40ddd3fc62544000001 |
factoid | What histone trimethylation has been associated to RNA splicing? | ['H3K36me3'] | Mostly H3K36me3 but there is some evidence that H3K4me3 may also play a role in splicing | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23740743",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23676078",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22308494",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22188810",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21807997",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21792193",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23740743",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1031,
"offsetInEndSection": 1236,
"text": "histone H3 lysine 36 tri-methylation (H3K36Me3), exhibits different patterns around the cleavage sites of gene... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012326",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0097198",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:2001253",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:... | [] | 532ff917d6d3ac6a34000038 |
factoid | What was the purpose of the FANTOM4 project? | [['Better understand the transcriptional network that regulates macrophage differentiation']] | ['The international Functional Annotation Of the Mammalian Genomes 4 (FANTOM4) research collaboration set out to better understand the transcriptional network that regulates macrophage differentiation and to uncover novel components of the transcriptome employing a series of high-throughput experiments.', 'The internat... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21075797",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19374775",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19377474"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21075797",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 302,
"text": "The international Functional Annotation Of the Mammalian Genomes 4 (FANTOM4) research collaboration set out to bet... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 569e7721ceceede94d000001 |
factoid | What gene test is recommended for clopidogrel? | ['CYP2C19 genotyping'] | ['The genetic test recommended for clopidogrel is CYP2C19 genotyping.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22974536",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22674970",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22624833",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22464343",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22154242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22088980",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22674970",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 607,
"offsetInEndSection": 677,
"text": "polymorphisms in the CYP2C19 gene affect clopidogrel pharmacokinetics."
},
{
"beginSection": "sectio... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4260620",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005796",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005820",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&ter... | [
{
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"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0070166"
},
{
"o": "clopidogrel",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/re... | 5156be04d24251bc05000085 |
factoid | What is the role of eteplirsen in DMD patients? | [['skipping of dystrophin exon 51']] | ['AVI-4658(eteplirsen) induces skipping of dystrophin exon 51 in patients with relevant deletions, restores the open reading frame and induces dystrophin protein expression after intramuscular (i.m.) injection.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22086232",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23907995",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23075107",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24282529",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23995279"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22086232",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 71,
"offsetInEndSection": 381,
"text": "Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients using the morpholino splice-switching oligonucleotide AVI-4658 (etepli... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020388",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:11723",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009137",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+E... | [] | 56a24dfffe92d6fd19000002 |
factoid | Which drug is considered as the first line treatment of fibromyalgia? | ['Pregabalin'] | Pregabalin is, therefore, a valuable option in the first-line treatment of patients with fibromyalgia. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17653994",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23235657",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21975791",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18840008"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17653994",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 78,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Multimodal approaches seem to be the treatment of choice in fibromyalgia"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract"... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005356",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013812",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015673"
] | [
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/diseaseontology/id/DOID:631",
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"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/diseaseontology/id/DOID:1526"
},
{
"o": "panniculitis",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel",
"s": "http:/... | 5324ce779b2d7acc7e00001e |
factoid | What is the indication for isradipine? | [['Hypertension']] | ['Isradipine is safe and effective when administered long-term in the treatment of hypertensive patients', 'The calcium antagonist isradipine is used for hypertensive therapy.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7946181",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8466736",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2137344",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8205296",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15257873",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7921533",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7946181",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 374,
"text": "These are the preliminary data of an open multicenter trial of antihypertensive treatment with isradipine as monoth... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4250298",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017275",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4250298",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006973"... | [] | 56c3184050c68dd416000003 |
factoid | What type of DNA repair pathways is initiated by AlkA glycosylase? | [['base excision repair (BER) pathway']] | ['The AlkA protein (3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase II protein) is a monofunctional DNA glycosylase that recognizes a broad range of oxidized and alkylated base lesions and catalyzes the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond to initiate the base excision repair (BER) pathway.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21491902",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18270439",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10375529",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8805338",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10455196",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10363024",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21491902",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 234,
"text": "The Escherichia coli 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase II protein (AlkA) recognizes a broad range of oxidized and al... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0006281",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0003905",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0016798",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=... | [] | 55421398ccca0ce74b000001 |
factoid | What is the name of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor that can be used for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia? | ['Ibrutinib'] | Ibrutinib is the covalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase that can be used for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Ibrutinib has shown highly encouraging results in phase I/II trials in patients with treatment-naive, relapsed and refractory CLL even in the presence of high risk disease or poor progno... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311722",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24157582",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24085367",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24009233",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23782158",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23656200",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24311722",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 187,
"offsetInEndSection": 620,
"text": "Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) shows constitutive activity in CLL and is the target of irreversible inhibition b... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015451",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011505",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007945",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/IB... | [] | 530cf4c54a5037880c000008 |
factoid | How many disulfide bridges has the protein hepcidin got? | [['Hepcidin contains eight cysteine residues that form four disulfide bridges']] | ['Hepcidin contains eight cysteine residues that form four disulfide bridges.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24018861",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22967859",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22705624",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21838701",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11985602",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21073997"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24018861",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 356,
"offsetInEndSection": 400,
"text": " hepcidin, containing four disulfide bridges"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://w... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D064451",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004220",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HEPC_RAT"
] | [] | 54f2210164850a5854000001 |
factoid | Which receptors can be evaluated with the [18F]altanserin? | [['5-HT2A']] | ['5-HT2A (5-hydroxytryptamine type 2a) receptor can be evaluated with the [18F]altanserin.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23456885",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23390031",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23137806",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21996132",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21750562",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21473029",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23456885",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 268,
"text": "PURPOSE: While the selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2a receptor (5-HT2AR) radiotracer [18F]altanserin is well es... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4263650"
] | [] | 55242d512c8b63434a000006 |
factoid | Where is the metaxin complex localized? | [['To the outer mitochondrial membrane.']] | ['The metaxin complex is localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19552401",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17981999",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17624330",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17510655",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11027586",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10381257",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19552401",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1554,
"offsetInEndSection": 1797,
"text": " The C-terminus plays an important role in targeting TSPO to mitochondria, whereas its import into the OMM is ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0043234",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0032991",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MTX1_HUMAN"
] | [] | 54e0ba781388e8454a000011 |
factoid | How can the expression of SerH3 immobilization antigen be regulated? | ['Temperature regulation'] | The expression of Tetrahymena surface proteins serotype H3 (SerH3) is under temperature regulation. SerH3 is expressed when cells are incubated between the temperatures of 20 and 35 degrees C. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3336362",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3537733",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4054606",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3915784",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11973302",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7731807",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3336362",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 129,
"text": "mRNA stability plays a major role in regulating the temperature-specific expression of a Tetrahymena thermophila surface ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015870",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005786",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0010468",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_... | [
{
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{
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"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/fullName",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource... | 5335f053d6d3ac6a34000055 |
factoid | Which is the receptor for the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA)? | [['cyclophilin']] | ['Cyclophilin is the intracellular receptor protein for cyclosporin A (CsA).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25707381",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2477715",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3043797"
] | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25707381",
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"offsetInBeginSection": 220,
"offsetInEndSection": 360,
"text": "hemical modification of CsA has led to analogs with distinct biological activities associated with its protein r... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56f6c11109dd18d46b00000e |
factoid | Which is the gene most commonly mutated in Tay-Sachs disease? | [['HEXA']] | ['HEXA gene, encoding the alpha-subunit of the lysosomal enzyme, beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase A'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14648242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9401008",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7858168",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8411703",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8490625",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3375249",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14648242",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 9,
"offsetInEndSection": 81,
"text": "mutations in the HEXA gene among Iraqi Jewish Tay-Sachs disease carriers"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"docu... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013661",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005678",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D049290",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/a... | [
{
"o": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/genes/HEXA",
"p": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseasome/associatedGene",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/4016"
},
{
"o": "HEXA",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#lab... | 536e46f27d100faa09000012 |
factoid | What is the localization of the protein encoded by the gene DNAJC11? | ['mitochondrial inner membrane'] | mitochondrial inner membrane | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17624330"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17624330",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 247,
"offsetInEndSection": 440,
"text": " DnaJC11, respectively. The first three are outer membrane proteins, CHCHD3 has been assigned to the matrix spac... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DJC11_BOVIN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DJC11_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DJC11_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DJC11_DICDI",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DJC11_PONAB"
] | [
{
"o": "25570",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11657583"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A11695815",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/reso... | 531e2695267d7dd05300000f |
factoid | What is the lay name of the treatment for CCSVI (chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency) in multiple sclerosis. | ['LIberation therapy'] | ['The so-called "LIberation therapy" is in fact Endovascular Treatment and consists of PTA (Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty), which is dilatation of the internal jugular and/or azygous veins by a catheter venography. Stent placement is optional but has been strongly advised against as being dangerous.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23523158",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23402260",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23380649",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23354606",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23301864",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23202144",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23523158",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 130,
"offsetInEndSection": 366,
"text": "patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving standard medical treatment who had ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009103",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2377"
] | null | 515df199298dcd4e5100002a |
factoid | Which hormone abnormalities are characteristic to Pendred syndrome? | [['thyroid']] | ['Thyroid hormone abnormalities are characteristic to Pendred syndrome. Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid hormone abnormality in Pendred syndrome. Pendred syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by sensorineural deafness, goiter and a partial defect in iodide organification.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23235354",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22116361",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22109890",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21511235",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20834201",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20822748",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23235354",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 154,
"offsetInEndSection": 363,
"text": "Loss or reduction of function mutations of SLC26A4 underlie Pendred syndrome, a disorder invariably leading to h... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006728",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:225"
] | [
{
"o": "E07.1",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17838014"
},
{
"o": "TDH2B",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17463293"
},
{
"o": "P... | 53148a07dae131f847000002 |
factoid | What is the mode of inheritance of long QT Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome? | ['autosomal recessive'] | Jervell and Lange-Nielsen long QT syndrome (JLNS) is characterized by autosomal recessive mode of inheritance | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23392653",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15950200",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12051962",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11140949",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10704188",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9302275",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23392653",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 245,
"text": "Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in KCNQ1 cause Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, a rare, autosoma... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D029593",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008133",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D040582"
] | [] | 52eea4dcc8da89891000000c |
factoid | Does dasatinib promote or inhibit T-cell proliferation? | [['inhibits']] | ['Dasatinib inhibits T-cell proliferation'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056158",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962511",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18413841",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18619726",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19016717",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18395492",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056158",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1020,
"offsetInEndSection": 1138,
"text": "Dasatinib inhibited antigen-specific proliferation of murine CD4(+) and CD8(+) transgenic T cells in vitro and... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4274027",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042098",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000069439",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4244012",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/j... | [] | 56c85ed65795f9a73e000012 |
factoid | What is an approximate number of CTCF binding sites in the human genome? | [['30,000-50,000']] | ['The number of CTCF binding sites in the human genome lies between 31,000 and 50,000.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23707059",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22955980",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22829947",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22709888",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15670593",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15229244",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23707059",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 265,
"offsetInEndSection": 384,
"text": "To study CTCF multivalency in vivo, we define ZF binding requirements at ∼50,000 genomic sites in primary lympho... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001665",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CTCF_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CTCF_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CTCF_CHICK",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CTCF_RAT"
] | [] | 533c38b3c45e133714000009 |
factoid | Which population has a high frequency of the HLA-B*1502 allele? | ['Han Chinese and other Asian populations, except Japanese'] | ['HLA-B*1502 has a high frequency in Han Chinese and other Asian populations, except Japanese. (There is a strong association between human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B*1502 and carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22211527",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21424386",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21306565",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21169036",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20345939",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19915237",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"offsetInEndSection": 438,
"text": "A strong association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*1502 and CBZ-induced SJS/TEN has been reported ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011153",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005787",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D044382",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | [
{
"o": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#Label",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18289792"
},
{
"o": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#Label",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type",
"s": "http... | 51542e6fd24251bc05000082 |
factoid | Which is the substrate of the haspin kinase during mitosis? | ['Histone 3 at Thr3'] | Haspin phosphorylates histone H3 at Thr3 (H3T3ph) during mitosis | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21658950",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21514157",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19997740",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19918057",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18978305",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24184212",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21658950",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 64,
"text": "aspin phosphorylates histone H3 at Thr3 (H3T3ph) during mitosis"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"docu... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008938",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0007067",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0007088",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HASP_DROME",
"http://www.uniprot... | [] | 53442023aeec6fbd07000007 |
factoid | Are most driver gene mutations synonymous or non-synonymous? | [['non-synonymous']] | ['A common goal of tumor sequencing projects is finding genes whose mutations are selected for during tumor development. This is accomplished by choosing genes that have more non-synonymous mutations than expected from an estimated background mutation frequency.', 'A common goal of tumor sequencing projects is finding ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24147068",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23935863",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23819581",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23799614",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23704925",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23694700",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24147068",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1649,
"offsetInEndSection": 1869,
"text": "Therefore, this study highlights the need for multiple biopsies and sequencing during progression of a cancer ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009154",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009369",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:162"
] | [] | 534427f8aeec6fbd07000009 |
factoid | Which cyclin- dependent kinase inhibitor is regulated by Bmi-1? | ['p16INK4'] | p16INK4 (also known as CDKN2A) | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20661663",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20591222",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20551323",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19321450",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18371338",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18371328",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20661663",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 663,
"offsetInEndSection": 748,
"text": "the knockdown of BMI-1 expression could lead to significant up-regulation of p16INK4a"
},
{
"beginSectio... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D050756",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019941",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0004861",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_... | [] | 533abc76d6d3ac6a34000064 |
factoid | Which protein is found to be mutated in Friedreich's ataxia? | [['Frataxin']] | ["It is generally accepted that Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is caused by a deficiency in frataxin expression, a mitochondrial protein involved in iron homeostasis, which mainly affects the brain, dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord, heart and in certain cases the pancreas.", "It is generally accepted that Friedreich'... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25929520",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25597503",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25430730",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12194387",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16510442",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18463734",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25929520",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 272,
"text": "It is generally accepted that Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is caused by a deficiency in frataxin expression, a mitoc... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 571f5c150fd6f91b68000009 |
factoid | Which is the process that Conserved noncoding elements mostly regulate? | ['Development'] | ['Conserved noncoding elements play a fundamental role in regulating animal development'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23042552",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21731768",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21629789",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21478460",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21175683",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19704032",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21478460",
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"offsetInBeginSection": 507,
"offsetInEndSection": 681,
"text": "Much evidence suggests that CNEs are selectively constrained and not mutational cold-spots, and there is evi... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017124"
] | null | 51387022bee46bd34c000002 |
factoid | Which properties of the mRNA does N6-methyladenosine (m6A) affect? | [['mRNA stability']] | ['N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant modified base in eukaryotic mRNA and has been linked to diverse effects on mRNA fate. m6A predominantly and directly reduces mRNA stability.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26121403",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25569111",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25475057",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25452335",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25430002",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24981863",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26121403",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 133,
"text": "N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant modified base in eukaryotic mRNA and has been linked to diverse ef... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012333",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4252558"
] | [] | 56df03c751531f7e3300000a |
factoid | Which is the histone residue methylated by MLL1? | ['H3K4'] | Histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4) | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23399917",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23038103",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22666422",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22488473",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22046413",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21875999",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23399917",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 771,
"offsetInEndSection": 894,
"text": "lack of interaction with the histone methyltransferase, MLL1, resulting in decreased histone H3K4me3 and gene tr... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011495",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0042054",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0018024",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:... | [] | 533be71dfd9a95ea0d000009 |
factoid | Which type of cells is affected in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? | [['Motor neurons']] | ['Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which motor neurons are affected.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24269728",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24971881",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22797053",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22900096",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23197818",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23114367",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24269728",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 172,
"text": "Activation of microglia, CNS resident immune cells, is a pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (A... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 56c8274f5795f9a73e00000d |
factoid | Patients of which disease could be treated by utilizing knowledge obtained from experiments suppressing TDP-43 toxicity in yeast? | [['Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)']] | ['Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).', 'The strongest suppressor of TDP-43 toxicity was deletion of DBR1, which encodes an RNA lariat debranching enzyme. We show that, in the absence of Dbr1 enzymatic activity, intronic lariats accumulate in the cytoplasm and likely act as decoys to sequester TDP-43, preventing it fr... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23104007"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23104007",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 382,
"text": "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting motor neurons. ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 5545e65bd355485447000001 |
factoid | What is the mechanism of viroid replication? | [['rolling cycle']] | ['The replication of many viral and subviral pathogens as well as the amplification of certain cellular genes proceeds via a rolling circle mechanism. Viroid replication occurs via a rolling circle mechanism using either a symmetric or asymmetric pathway in three steps, RNA transcription, processing and ligation. Repli... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25287502",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21994552",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18370255",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18190946",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15448723",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9601006",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7231549",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 178,
"offsetInEndSection": 505,
"text": "Together with the specific alpha-amanitin sensitivity of viroid replication observed in vivo, these findings sugg... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014772"
] | [] | 56f3faed09dd18d46b000002 |
factoid | Mutation of which gene is associated with McLeod syndrome? | ['XK'] | Mutation of XK gene is associated with McLeod syndrome. The XK gene is an X-chromosomal gene. The McLeod phenotype is derived from various forms of XK gene defects that result in the absence of XK protein, and is defined hematologically by the absence of Kx antigen, weakening of Kell system antigens, and red cell acan... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23943810",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21145924",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19909712",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19040496",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18167163",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17870653",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23943810",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 247,
"offsetInEndSection": 343,
"text": "The diagnosis of MLS was confirmed by genetic testing showing a hemizygous mutation of XK gene. "
},
{
"... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009154",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005796",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/a... | [
{
"o": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/genes/XK",
"p": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseasome/associatedGene",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/3073"
},
{
"o": "http://www.dbpedia.org/resource/McLeod_syndrome",
"p": ... | 531464a6e3eabad021000014 |
factoid | Which is the molecular target of the immunosuppressant drug Rapamycin? | ['mTOR'] | The molecular target of Rapamycin is mTOR | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23994756",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23301832",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23261661",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22442756",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18980246",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18451231",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23994756",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1170,
"offsetInEndSection": 1205,
"text": "molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0031929",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0032006",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4274961",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020123",
"http://www.unipro... | [] | 53124bdae3eabad02100000b |
factoid | PBT2 has been tested for which disorder? | [["Alzheimer's disease"]] | ["PBT2 has been tested for treatment of Alzheimer's disease."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22747493",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22592705",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22403554",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21797865",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21739113",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21232050",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22747493",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2876,
"offsetInEndSection": 2998,
"text": "PBT2 improved cognition in a phase II clinical trial with AD patients, and further clinical testing is current... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 54fc91e96ad7dcbc12000001 |
factoid | What is the mode of inheritance of Acromicric dysplasia? | ['autosomal dominant'] | Acromicric dysplasia has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22791552",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396027",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11694546"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22791552",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 696,
"offsetInEndSection": 840,
"text": "AD has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, distinct facial and skeleton features (a hoarse voice and inte... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D040582",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001848"
] | [] | 53318685d6d3ac6a3400003d |
factoid | How many tissue kallikrein genes are present in the human genome? | ['15'] | ['Tissue kallikreins (KLKs) are a group of closely related serine proteinases that are represented by multigene families in the human genome. The human tissue kallikrein gene family consists of 15 genes, denoted KLK1–KLK15, tandemly arranged on chromosomal locus 19q13.4.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1697365",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11006094",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21741862",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20354523",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20103546",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17210241",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1697365",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 129,
"text": "Tissue kallikreins are a group of closely related serine proteinases that are represented by multigene families... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007610",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020840"
] | null | 511a3573df1ebcce7d000018 |
factoid | Where does CTCF colocalize with cohesin? | [['In imprinted and repressed, highly compacted loci that are prone to recombination events.']] | ['Cohesin subunits associate with viral and cellular CTCF sites involved in complex gene regulation and chromatin organization. Cohesin cobinds across the genome with transcription factors independently of CTCF, plays a functional role in estrogen-regulated transcription, and may help to mediate tissue-specific transcr... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23150255",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22780989",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21628529",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20219941",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19109133",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21606361",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23150255",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 773,
"offsetInEndSection": 958,
"text": "In human cells, Pol III genes and transcription factors have also been shown to colocalize with cohesin and the ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008278",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CTCF_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CTCF_RAT"
] | [] | 56c5c7915795f9a73e000004 |
factoid | Which compound is a specific inhibitor for Nox1 and Nox4? | [['GKT136901']] | ['GKT136901 is a specific inhibitor of Nox1 and Nox4.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21419746",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558727",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25656366",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22806357",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24511132"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25656366",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 137,
"offsetInEndSection": 270,
"text": "The efficacy of the Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor GKT137831 on the manifestations of DN was studied in OVE26 mice, a model... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NOX1_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NOX1_RAT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NOX4_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NOX4_RAT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NOX4_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NOX4_PONAB"
] | [] | 56c865d25795f9a73e000016 |
factoid | Which molecule is targeted by the drug Gevokizumab? | [['IL-1β']] | ['Gevokizumab is an allosteric anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibody.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24194526",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23729309",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23041424",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22699287",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22084392",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21154167",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24194526",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 129,
"text": "Detailed mechanistic analysis of gevokizumab, an allosteric anti-IL-1β antibody with differential receptor-modulating pr... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [] | [] | 550e828c71445a662f000002 |
factoid | What is the Drosophila melanogaster Groucho protein? | [['Groucho (Gro) is a Drosophila melanogaster transcriptional corepressor']] | ['Groucho proteins are abundant and broadly expressed nuclear factors that lack intrinsic DNA-binding activity but can interact with a variety of DNA-binding proteins. The recruitment of Groucho to specific gene regulatory sequences results in transcriptional repression.\nGroucho (Gro) is a Drosophila melanogaster tran... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24086079",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22319573",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22305159",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21666599",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21429299",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20405012",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24086079",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 168,
"offsetInEndSection": 361,
"text": "Although a repressor could function by recruiting just a single co-repressor, many can recruit more than one, wi... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011506",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GROU_DROME",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TLE1_DANRE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TLE2_DANRE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TLE1_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TL... | [] | 54f608f85f206a0c06000007 |
factoid | Which enzyme is inhibited by Imetelstat? | [['telomerase']] | ['Imetelstat works by inhibiting telomerase.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25627551",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24409321",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25441685",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25120190",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24097866",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21062983",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25627551",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 168,
"text": "The telomerase inhibitor imetelstat alone, and in combination with trastuzumab, decreases the cancer stem cell populatio... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004791"
] | [] | 56c048acef6e39474100001c |
factoid | Which is the most widely used anti-TNF drug? | ['Etanercept'] | ['Etanercept is the most widely used anti-TNF drug.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22379032",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21881980",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19854715",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21177290",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18420660"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "sections.0",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22379032",
"endSection": "sections.0",
"offsetInBeginSection": 128,
"offsetInEndSection": 249,
"text": "higher rates are observed with anti-TNF Abs (e.g., infliximab) as compared with TNF receptor fusion protein ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D023201",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D044966",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000894",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... | null | 512d0e635274a5fb07000005 |
factoid | Which is the main difference between Alu and B1 repeats? | [['it is the mouse homolog to the left Alu monomer']] | ['B1 is a murine homolog of the human SINE Alu. B1 (Alu-equivalent) is a murine short interspersed element whose amplification probably involved an RNA intermediate. The modern B1 elements are similar to the left Alu monomer, but with a 9 bp deletion and a 29 bp duplication.', 'The mouse B1 sequence is congruent to 130... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019790",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17407136",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9748291",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8036148",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7681065",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1549107",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2412135",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 567,
"offsetInEndSection": 718,
"text": "The mouse B1 sequence is congruent to 130 nucleotides long and shows homology with the monomeric units of the dim... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020087"
] | [] | 56ffd805cf1c32585100000a |
factoid | What is the frequency of mutations induced spontaneously through Ethylnitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis? | ['1/100000'] | Theoretical considerations and empirical analysis suggest that the per-base mutation frequency for a fractionated-dose treatment protocol is on the order of 1 sequence change per 10(5) bp. | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18504270",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15450411",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12410959",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10886029",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10700191",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3863118",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/509687",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 820,
"offsetInEndSection": 991,
"text": "The mutation frequency increased linearly with MNU or ENU concentration (0.01--2.0 mM); mean values were 2800 and ... | 5 | BioASQ-training5b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4249285",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017354",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D059645",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&ter... | [] | 533ba85ffd9a95ea0d000008 |
factoid | Which is the primary protein component of Lewy bodies? | ['alpha-synuclein', 'α-synuclein', 'αSyn'] | ['The primary protein component of Lewy bodies are fibrils composed of alpha-synuclein.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23180276",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11814405",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10722726",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20551689",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24252509",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12541013",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24058647",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 222,
"text": "Aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn), the primary protein component in Lewy body inclusions of patients with Parkinso... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016631",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051844"
] | null | 58a2e5f760087bc10a000007 |
factoid | Willis-Ekbom disease is also known as? | ['Restless legs syndrome'] | ['Restless legs syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease (WED), is a common movement disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move because of uncomfortable, sometimes painful sensations in the legs with a diurnal variation and a release with movement.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24157095",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24605270",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25510187",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26329430",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25301914",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26725086",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26725086",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 119,
"text": "Defining the phenotype of restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED): a clinical and polysomnographic study."... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 5891f9e549702f2e01000002 |
factoid | How many cysteines have alpha-defensins? | ['Alpha defensins contain six conserved cysteines'] | ['Alpha defensins contain six cysteines, which form three well defined disulfide bridges under oxidizing conditions.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24386139",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24557891",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25970658",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22168415"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25970658",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 178,
"offsetInEndSection": 293,
"text": "Alpha defensins contain six cysteines, which form three well defined disulfide bridges under oxidizing condition... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58a9c532396a458e50000002 |
factoid | Which enzyme is inhibited by niraparib? | ['Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase'] | ['Niraparib is a Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitor. It is used for ovarian cancer treatment.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27898364",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26217019",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23810788",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23934192",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27141070",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27614696",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27141062",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1323,
"offsetInEndSection": 1607,
"text": "While olaparib is the first PARP inhibitor to receive approval for ovarian cancer treatment, others including ... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004791",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004789"
] | null | 5880be1dc872c95565000007 |
factoid | Which peak calling algorithm employs mixture model clustering under the hood? | ['JAMM'] | ['JAMM (Joint Analysis of NGS replicates via Mixture Model clustering) is a peak finder that can integrate information from biological replicates, determine enrichment site widths accurately and resolve neighboring narrow peaks. JAMM is a universal peak finder that is applicable to different types of datasets.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25223640"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25223640",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 352,
"offsetInEndSection": 946,
"text": "We developed JAMM (Joint Analysis of NGS replicates via Mixture Model clustering): a peak finder that can integr... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 587f760792a5b8ad44000005 |
factoid | Which drug was tested in the TEMSO Trial for multiple sclerosis? | ['Teriflunomide'] | ['Teriflunomide was evaluated in the Teriflunomide Multiple Sclerosis Oral (TEMSO) trial.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21991951",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24321165",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23852658",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27937746",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26944956",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22723573",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26865517",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 98,
"text": "Long-term safety and efficacy of teriflunomide: Nine-year follow-up of the randomized TEMSO study."
},
{
"beginSe... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017428",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009103",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2377"
] | null | 589a246078275d0c4a00002a |
factoid | What is the incidence of beta-thalassemia in Greek population? | ['8%'] | ['The incidence of beta-thalassemia trait is 8% in Greek population.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7590514",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12091129",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1620378"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12091129",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 168,
"text": "Hemoglobinopathies are very common in Greece, the incidence of beta-thalassemia trait being 8% and that of sickle ... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:10241",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:12241",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013789",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011153",
"htt... | null | 58a2df9c60087bc10a000006 |
factoid | What is the target of daratumumab? | ['CD38'] | ['Daratumumab is a fully human anti-CD38 IgG1-κ monoclonal antibody. It is approved for treatment of multiple myeloma.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24471924",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109694",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25626316",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24971019",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27195659",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26812873",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26362528",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 290,
"offsetInEndSection": 407,
"text": "Dominantly daratumumab (anti-CD38) and elotuzumab (anti-CS1) showed extraordinary effectiveness in phase I/II tr... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 5880aef4c872c95565000001 |
factoid | Which gene-defect causes the Vel-blood type? | ['a 17 nucleotide deletion'] | ['A cohort of 70 Vel- individuals was found to be uniformly homozygous for a 17 nucleotide deletion in the coding sequence of SMIM'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26732700",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23505126"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23505126",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 649,
"offsetInEndSection": 779,
"text": "A cohort of 70 Vel- individuals was found to be uniformly homozygous for a 17 nucleotide deletion in the coding ... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58a872bd38c171fb5b000002 |
factoid | What molecule is targeted by Avelumab? | ['programmed death-ligand 1', 'PD-L1'] | ['Avelumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27172898",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27350882",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26921031",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26014098",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27815822",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27544053",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27196116",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 240,
"offsetInEndSection": 409,
"text": "Several drugs targeting PD-1 (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) or PD-L1 (atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab) hav... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 5884c72fe56acf517600000f |
factoid | Which R package is used for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities from microarray data? | ['CAFE'] | ['CAFE is an R package for the detection of gross chromosomal abnormalities from gene expression microarray data.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24451624"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24451624",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 108,
"text": "CAFE: an R package for the detection of gross chromosomal abnormalities from gene expression microarray data"
},
{
... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D025063",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D043171",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002869",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/me... | null | 5880a8ec0a76a87357000001 |
factoid | Which is the "bonding hormone"? | ['Oxytocin'] | ["Oxytocin is known as the 'bonding hormone' due its role in promoting mother-child and pair bonding."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24430853",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26025428",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27825953",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25619431",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26442453"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26442453",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 223,
"text": "The neurohypophysial hormone oxytocin (OXT) and its receptor (OXTR) have critical roles in the regulation of pro-s... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58aa0c6f396a458e50000008 |
factoid | Which tool employs self organizing maps for analyzing synonymous codon usage? | ['INCA'] | ["INteractive Codon usage Analysis (INCA) provides an array of features useful in analysis of synonymous codon usage in whole genomes. In addition to computing codon frequencies and several usage indices, such as 'codon bias', effective Nc and CAI, the primary strength of INCA has numerous options for the interactive g... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15059815"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15059815",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 85,
"text": "INCA: synonymous codon usage analysis and clustering by means of self-organizing map."
},
{
"beginSection": "abst... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 5891c90949702f2e01000001 |
factoid | What is Contrave prescribed for? | ['Obesity'] | ['Contrave(?) is a combination of naltrexone hydrochloride extended release and bupropion hydrochloride extended release for the treatment of obesity', 'Contrave(®) is a combination of naltrexone hydrochloride extended release and bupropion hydrochloride extended release for the treatment of obesity', 'Contrave(®) is a... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20673995",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22313529",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26679384",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26105116",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25258511",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26222044",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26679384",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 147,
"text": "Contrave(®) is a combination of naltrexone hydrochloride extended release and bupropion hydrochloride extended rel... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009271",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D055553",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4276121",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4249647",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/m... | null | 58a32edd60087bc10a000012 |
factoid | Which is the chromosome area that the human gene coding for the dopamine transporter (DAT1) is located to? | ['5p15.3'] | ['The gene encoding DAT1 consists of 15 exons spanning 60 kb and is located on chromosome 5p15.3.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16222334",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1478653",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779799",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16861140",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17579611"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779799",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 171,
"offsetInEndSection": 252,
"text": "The gene encoding DAT1 consists of 15 exons spanning 60 kb on chromosome 5p15.32."
},
{
"beginSection": ... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4275128",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4275128",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004298",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D05048... | null | 58a2ced760087bc10a000004 |
factoid | What type of mutation is causing the industrial melanism phenotype in peppered moths? | ['transposable element insertion'] | ['The mutation event giving rise to industrial melanism in Britain was the insertion of a large, tandemly repeated, transposable element into the first intron of the gene cortex.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27251284",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12298233",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12140267"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27251284",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 85,
"text": "The industrial melanism mutation in British peppered moths is a transposable element."
},
{
"beginSection": "abst... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58a877cf38c171fb5b000004 |
factoid | What gene is mutated in Huntington's disease? | ['HTT or IT-15 gene or HD gene'] | ["Huntington disease (HD; OMIM 143100), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is caused by an expanded trinucleotide CAG (polyQ) motif in the HTT gene. Mutations of the huntingtin protein (HTT) gene underlie both adult-onset and juvenile forms of Huntington's disease (HD).", 'Huntington disease is a progressive ne... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25993131",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1839672",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25254119",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26863614",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18651325",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19059613",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25993131",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 153,
"text": "Huntington disease (HD; OMIM 143100), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is caused by an expanded trinucleo... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1289",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006816",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:12858"
] | null | 58a3428d60087bc10a00001b |
factoid | Which software package is available for the analysis of conserved genomic loci? | ['PHYLUCE'] | ['PHYLUCE is a software package for the analysis of conserved genomic loci. It identifies targeted, enriched loci from the off-target background data; aligns enriched contigs representing conserved loci to one another; and prepare and manipulate these alignments for subsequent phylogenomic inference. PHYLUCE is an effi... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26530724"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26530724",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 72,
"text": "PHYLUCE is a software package for the analysis of conserved genomic loci"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"d... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012984",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017124"
] | null | 587e07023ec846c24f000001 |
factoid | Mutation of which gene is implicated in the Christianson syndrome? | ['SLC9A6'] | ['Christianson syndrome is caused by mutations in SLC9A6 and is characterized by severe intellectual disability, absent speech, microcephaly, ataxia, seizures, and behavioral abnormalities.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24630051",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18342287",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26421989",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25044251",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25273398",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27142213",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26515654",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 151,
"text": "X-linked Christianson syndrome: heterozygous female Slc9a6 knockout mice develop mosaic neuropathological changes and re... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009154"
] | null | 5895bc397d9090f35300000b |
factoid | What is trichotillomania? | ['Trichotillomania is a hair pulling disorder.'] | ['Trichotillomania is a hair pulling disorder.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27137957",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26001984",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26580849"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26001984",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 190,
"text": "Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder, HPD) is characterized by significant psychological distress, childhood-on... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58a8045860087bc10a000035 |
factoid | What disease is the drug aducanumab targeting? | ["Alzheimer's disease"] | ["Aducanumab is an anti-Aβ antibody being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD)."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27025652",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27810931",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27582220",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27251914"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27025652",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1462,
"offsetInEndSection": 1658,
"text": " Most importantly, recent trials of three different Aβ antibodies (solanezumab, crenezumab, and aducanumab) ha... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58a95c711978bbde22000001 |
factoid | When did the polio vaccine becomes available? | ['1954'] | ['Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), developed in the USA by Jonas Salk in the early 1950s, was field tested in 1954,', 'The Salk polio Vaccine was field tested in 1954.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12931339",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14997988",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11326104"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14997988",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 118,
"text": "Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), developed in the USA by Jonas Salk in the early 1950s, was field tested in 1... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000071497",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011051",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011052",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi... | null | 58a1c0f178275d0c4a000056 |
factoid | Where are Paneth cells located? | ['in the intestinal crypt base columnar cells'] | ['Paneth cells are located in the intestinal crypt base columnar cells (CBCCs).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21122555",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19397593",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23006982",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24439803",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23232853",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19788585"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24439803",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 615,
"offsetInEndSection": 710,
"text": "The intestinal stem cell niche comprises both epithelial cells, in particular the Paneth cell, "
},
{
"b... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58a9bbe81978bbde22000007 |
factoid | Which cells secretes alpha defensin 5? | ['Intestinal Paneth cells secretes alpha-defensin 5'] | ['Human enteric α-defensins (HD5 and HD6), major antimicrobial peptides produced by Paneth cells in the intestine, play important roles in intestinal innate immunity.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26206286",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25664683",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25643281",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25433720",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25970658",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25540379",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25970658",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 391,
"offsetInEndSection": 573,
"text": "The major tissue in which HD5 is expressed is the crypt of the small intestine, an anaerobic niche that should a... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58a9c152396a458e50000001 |
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