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factoid | What is the effect of nocodazole cell treatment? | ['Mitotic arrest'] | ['Nocodazole trigger mitotic arrest.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27177335",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27609478",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27262873",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27815904",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27815897",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27833610"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27815897",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 664,
"offsetInEndSection": 713,
"text": "antimitotic SAC-inducing agents (i.e., nocodazole"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "htt... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58a8903b38c171fb5b000006 |
factoid | What is the role of the UBC9 enzyme in the protein sumoylation pathway? | ['SUMO-conjugating enzyme'] | ['The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) pathway in eukaryotes is an essential post-translational modification required for a variety of cellular processes, development and organelle biogenesis. SUMO-conjugating enzyme (Ubc9) is the sole conjunction enzyme in the SUMO pathway.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24991007",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20561671",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25311713",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23628505",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21510985",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20800867",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25191977",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 117,
"offsetInEndSection": 335,
"text": "Among the proteins involved in the sumoylation pathway, Ubc9 is the sole E2-conjugating enzyme required for sumo... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/UBC9_CHICK",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/UBC9_MESAU",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/UBC9_XENLA",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D058207",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&te... | null | 58a5b1fe60087bc10a000024 |
factoid | Which human disease is associated with mutated UBQLN2 | ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis'] | ['Ggene mutations in UBQLN2 cause dominant inheritance of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27400686",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27480424",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25398946",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26075709",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27834214",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27477512"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27477512",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 851,
"offsetInEndSection": 1039,
"text": "Finally, we found that mutations in UBQLN2, which lead to neurodegeneration in humans, are defective in chapero... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58bc5e2202b8c60953000002 |
factoid | Which ApoE isoform is associated with hyperlipoproteinemia? | ['ApoE2 isoform', 'Apolipoprotein E2 isoform'] | ['Type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) is characterized by the accumulation of remnant lipoproteins in the plasma and it is associated with ApoE2 isoform. ApoE2 binds poorly to low density lipoprotein receptors, resulting in defective remnant lipoprotein clearance.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18823563",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8175773",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11163021",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2609136",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11701639",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15630629",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25328986",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 557,
"offsetInEndSection": 860,
"text": "ApoE2 which differs from apoE3 by the single amino acid substitution Arg158Cys located near the LDLR recognition... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006951",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D053329",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006952",
"http://www.disease-ontology.or... | null | 58b6bd2622d300530900000c |
factoid | Which server is used for simulation of macromolecular diffusional association? | ['webSDA'] | ['Macromolecular interactions play a crucial role in biological systems. Simulation of diffusional association (SDA) is a software for carrying out Brownian dynamics simulations that can be used to study the interactions between two or more biological macromolecules. webSDA allows users to run Brownian dynamics simulat... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883142"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883142",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 72,
"text": "webSDA: a web server to simulate macromolecular diffusional association."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"d... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056004",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003198",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D039301"
] | null | 589480b47d9090f353000007 |
factoid | Can you define iatrogenic disease? | ['illness caused by treatment'] | ['An iatrogenic disease is one that arises from treatment of another illness, such as an arrythmia that results from surgery or and hospital aquired infection in an immunocompromised patient.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21610562",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26767158",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10979347",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25660151",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19063792",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2173098",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26386902",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 120,
"text": "Iatrogenic neurologic deficits after lumbar spine surgery are rare complications, but important to recognize and m... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007049"
] | null | 58a342e760087bc10a00001c |
factoid | Where do the Schwann cells and melanocytes originate from? | ['neural crest cells', 'NCC'] | ['Schwann cells and melanocytes originate from the multipotent population of neural crest cells.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24760871",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17652534",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21501576",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8834474",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23858437",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9142492",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25805416",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 419,
"text": "The development of the nervous system involves cells remaining within the neural tube (CNS) and a group of cells t... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008544",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012583",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D039904",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/me... | null | 58b56fe422d3005309000007 |
factoid | What is plantar fasciitis | ['heel pain'] | ['Plantar fascia (PF) disorders like plantar fasciitis commonly cause heel pain and disability and are thought to be degenerative rather than inflammatory in nature'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26655866",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26184993",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26665894",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25429080",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23037146",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21272731",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27957702",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 69,
"text": "Plantar fascia (PF) disorders commonly cause heel pain and disability"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005208",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:9598",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D036981",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:9600"
] | null | 58bc8e7a02b8c60953000007 |
factoid | Which is the enzymatic activity of OTULIN? | ['deubiquitination'] | ['OTULIN is a deubiquitinase, that specifically cleaves Met1-linked polyUb.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26503766",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23746843",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24461064",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24726327",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26235645",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26085216",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26503766",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 58,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "deubiquitinase OTULIN"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2755... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58a9a8631978bbde22000003 |
factoid | Which R package is used for visualization of linear and circular karyotypes? | ['chromDraw'] | ['The chromDraw graphical tool was developed as a user-friendly graphical tool for visualizing both linear and circular karyotypes based on the same input data matrix. The output graphics, saved in two different formats (EPS and SVG), can be easily imported to and modified in presentation and image-editing computer pro... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26791998"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26791998",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 76,
"text": "chromDraw: an R package for visualization of linear and circular karyotypes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D059785"
] | null | 588f2de394c1512c50000001 |
factoid | Where is Akkermansia muciniphila found? | ['Akkermansia muciniphila resides in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals.'] | ['Akkermansia muciniphila is a Gram-negative mucin-degrading bacterium that resides in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals.', 'RYGB led to altered relative abundances of 31 species (P\u2009<\u20090.05, q\u2009<\u20090.15) within the first 3\xa0months, including those of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumo... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25795669",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26100928"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25795669",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 136,
"text": "Akkermansia muciniphila is a Gram-negative mucin-degrading bacterium that resides in the gastrointestinal tracts o... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58bc363622d300530900001f |
factoid | Which NADPH oxidase family member requires interaction with NOXO1 for function? | ['NADPH oxidase 1', 'NOX1', 'nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase 1'] | ['NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) requires interaction with NOXO1 for function.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18929641",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15507761",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15507762",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15824103",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27540115",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17900370",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27540115",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 203,
"offsetInEndSection": 439,
"text": "A unique member of this family, Nox1 oxidase, functions as either a canonical or hybrid system using Nox organiz... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NOXO1_HUMAN",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019255",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NOXO1_MOUSE",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0043020",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4270191",
"http://www.uniprot.... | null | 58a5a51060087bc10a000021 |
factoid | Which mutated gene is associated with Waardenburg and Tietz syndromes? | ['microphthalmia-associated transcription factor gene', 'MITF'] | ['Mutations in microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) gene cause Waardenburg and Tietz syndromes.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10952390",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22371403",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24379252",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23098757",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22258527",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23020089",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27604145",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 133,
"text": "Tietz/Waardenburg type 2A syndrome associated with posterior microphthalmos in two unrelated patients with novel MITF ge... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005796",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051739",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/me... | null | 58a57f9460087bc10a00001f |
factoid | What gene is mutated in Sickle Cell Anemia? | ['HBB'] | ['Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by by the HBB:c.20A>T mutation that leads to hemoglobin S synthesis.', ' sca patients present clinical and hematologic variability that cannot be only explained by the single mutation in the beta-globin gene.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27802215",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27814292",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17662889",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1301951",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11172667",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20886046",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27802215",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 204,
"text": "Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited blood disorder. SCA patients present clinical and hematologic variabilit... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000755",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006451",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:10923",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Fin... | null | 58bcabc702b8c6095300000e |
factoid | What is the function of R-spondin 1 and noggin in non-damaged gallbladders? | ['The expansion of resident stem cells.'] | ['R-spondin 1 and noggin facilitate expansion of resident stem cells from non-damaged gallbladders.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26993089"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26993089",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 97,
"text": "R-spondin 1 and noggin facilitate expansion of resident stem cells from non-damaged gallbladders."
},
{
"beginSec... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005704",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4264633",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NOGG_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RSPO1_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RSPO1_DANRE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/unipro... | null | 5883a727e56acf5176000001 |
factoid | Which disease is treated with taliglucerase alfa? | ['Gaucher disease'] | ['Taliglucerase alfa, the first available plant cell-expressed recombinant therapeutic protein, is an enzyme replacement therapy approved for Gaucher disease.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102949",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23980545",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27174694",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21235447",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24630271",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21900191",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102949",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 165,
"text": "Enzyme replacement therapy with taliglucerase alfa: 36-month safety and efficacy results in adult patients with Gaucher ... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=diseases_category"
] | null | 5891b125621ea6ff7e00000e |
factoid | What is formin associated with in the snail? | ['Left-Right Asymmetry'] | ['Formin is associated with Left-Right asymmetry in the pond snail and the frog.', 'Formin Is Associated with Left-Right Asymmetry in the Pond Snail and the Frog'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26923788"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26923788",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 77,
"text": "Formin Is Associated with Left-Right Asymmetry in the Pond Snail and the Frog"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FMNL1_HUMAN",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4263720",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D052078",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012908"
] | null | 587f795d92a5b8ad44000007 |
factoid | Which is the genome browser database for DNA shape annotations? | ['GBshape'] | ['GBshape provides minor groove width, propeller twist, roll, helix twist and hydroxyl radical cleavage predictions for the entire genomes of 94 organisms. Additional genomes can easily be added using the GBshape framework. GBshape can be used to visualize DNA shape annotations qualitatively in a genome browser track f... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25326329"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25326329",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 60,
"text": "GBshape: a genome browser database for DNA shape annotations"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "h... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019991",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016678"
] | null | 587e1bfdfc7e8dd84f000002 |
factoid | Where is the respirasome located? | ['In the inner mitochondrial membrane'] | ['Respirasomes are macromolecular assemblies of the respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The 4.0 Å cryo-EM structure of one of the most intricate enzyme systems, the respirasome, in the mitochondrial inner membrane is now available.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27830641",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27912054"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27912054",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 181,
"offsetInEndSection": 305,
"text": "he 4.0 Å cryo-EM structure of one of the most intricate enzyme systems, the respirasome, in the mitochondrial in... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58a9d8a1396a458e50000005 |
factoid | What is the role of gamma-secreatase complex in Alzheimer's Disease? | ['cleaves a precursor protein to create the amyloid beta peptide'] | ["The gamma-secretase complex has a decisive role in the development of Alzheimer's disease, as it cleaves a precursor protein to create the amyloid beta peptide whose aggregates form the senile plaques encountered in the brains of patients. Gamma-secretase is a member of the intramembrane-cleaving proteases which proc... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18320103",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26559975",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24900409",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17298085",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15766275",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19299585",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19958468",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 88,
"text": "gamma-Secretase is critically involved in the Notch pathway and in Alzheimer's disease. "
},
{
"beginSectio... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000544",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:10652",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012380",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Fin... | null | 58a2c77a60087bc10a000002 |
factoid | What is the target of tanezumab? | ['nerve growth factor', 'NGF'] | ['Tanezumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against nerve growth factor.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22004765",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18505735",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24452657",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27936977",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25326242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21130822",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27381034",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 142,
"text": "Nerve growth factor inhibition with tanezumab influences weight-bearing and subsequent cartilage damage in the rat media... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 5890e163621ea6ff7e000004 |
factoid | What is MRSA? | ['methicillin-resistant S. aureus', 'MRSA'] | ['community-associated methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) has become a severe health concern because of its treatment difficulties.', 'Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a severe health concern because of its treatment difficulties.', '(MRSA, methicillin-resistant S. aureus... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18347206",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8851953",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26684366",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22291965",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472807",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24267132",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27736763",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 137,
"offsetInEndSection": 176,
"text": "(MRSA, methicillin-resistant S. aureus)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.nc... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58a32efe60087bc10a000013 |
factoid | Which infection can be prevented with Dapivirine? | ['HIV'] | ['Vaginal ring containing Dapivirine is used for HIV prevention in women.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25845860",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26061040",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26900902",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24693866",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27398859",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20854207",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26514157",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 519,
"text": "OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to comprehensively assess mRNA expression of 84 drug transporters in... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4243195",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4243195",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007239",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D01705... | null | 5880b812c872c95565000006 |
factoid | Where can you find the annulus of Zinn? | ['orbit', 'EYE'] | ['Annulus of Zinn is in the orbit.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24697862",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25650797",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9783284",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22336122",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21772799",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16917665",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24697862",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 81,
"text": "Should the annular tendon of the eye be named 'annulus of Zinn' or 'of Valsalva'?"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58917c88621ea6ff7e00000a |
factoid | What is the indication for SLCO1B1 genotyping? | ['Statin treatment'] | ['HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors, commonly known as statins, also display wide interindividual variability in plasma concentration, response and toxicity due in part to polymorphisms in transporter genes, including SLCO1B1 and ABCG2. The SLCO1B1*5 variant is a risk factor for statin side effects and exhibits statin-spe... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26131212",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27595674",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25181036",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25150868",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25563221"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27595674",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 264,
"offsetInEndSection": 509,
"text": "including the well-known genetic variant associated with statin-associated muscle symptoms-solute carrier organi... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58bbc0fc22d300530900001c |
factoid | Which disease is treated with Nusinersen? | ['Spinal Muscular Atrophy', 'SMA'] | ['Nusinersen us used for treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823478",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27939059",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26865511"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823478",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 102,
"text": "Intrathecal Injections in Children With Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Nusinersen Clinical Trial Experience."
},
{
"be... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004194",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=diseases_category"
] | null | 589185cc621ea6ff7e00000b |
factoid | Which disease the London mutation involved in? | ["Alzheimer's Disease", 'AD'] | ["London mutation that is the missense mutation in exon 17 of the amyloid precursor protein gene on chromosome 21 (Val717Ile) is involved in Alzheimer's Disease."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431643",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10525535",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16426772",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20523046",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15380017",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24145776",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22171952",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 248,
"text": "In the present study, we used a new training paradigm in the intelliCage automatic behavioral assessment system to... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017354",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=diseases_category",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exa... | null | 58b6978822d300530900000a |
factoid | How many microorganisms are present in human normal gut? | ['10 to 100 trillions microorganisms.'] | ['Human gut microbiota is home to 10 to 100 trillions microorganisms.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26613639",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26627987",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26908163",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26945826"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26613639",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 267,
"offsetInEndSection": 494,
"text": ". A major breakthrough in understanding the etiology of neurological disorders is the recent insight on the role... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58bc347422d300530900001e |
factoid | What is the role of 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid derivatives in the immune system? | ['Inhibition of the oxytocinase subfamily of M1 aminopeptidases with immune-regulating properties.'] | ['3,4-diaminobenzoic acid derivatives are inhibitors of the oxytocinase subfamily of M1 aminopeptidases with immune-regulating properties. Cell-based analysis indicated that the lead compounds can be effective in downregulating macrophage activation induced by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ as well as cross-presen... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635706"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635706",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 135,
"text": "3,4-diaminobenzoic acid derivatives as inhibitors of the oxytocinase subfamily of M1 aminopeptidases with immune-regulat... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007154",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4258378",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007107",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#425837... | null | 5887fe7d3b87a8a738000008 |
factoid | Viliuisk encephalomyelitis is diagnosed in which geographical area? | ['Northeast Siberia'] | ['Viliuisk encephalomyelitis (VE) is an endemic neurological disease in Northeast Siberia and generally considered to be a chronic encephalomyelitis of unknown origin actually spreading in the Sakha (Yakutian) Republic.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7848104",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20010208",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19618339",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1393513",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15182325",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18379734",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24586232",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 229,
"text": "BACKGROUND: Viliuisk encephalomyelitis (VE) is an endemic neurological disease in Northeast Siberia and generally ... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:640",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004679"
] | null | 588f9f83ed9bbee70d000004 |
factoid | What is the drug target for Simtuzumab? | ['LOXL2'] | [' These results suggest that LOXL2 could be an appealing target for treatment of scar formation after glaucoma surgery, and point to the potential therapeutic benefits of simtuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody derived from GS-607601.', ' these results suggest that loxl2 could be an appealing target for treatment ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23821193",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27939076",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26085906",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27232579"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23821193",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1530,
"offsetInEndSection": 1767,
"text": " These results suggest that LOXL2 could be an appealing target for treatment of scar formation after glaucoma ... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58a644e560087bc10a000027 |
factoid | What is Dravet syndrome? | ['A severe epilepsy of chidhood'] | ['Dravet syndrome is one of the most severe epilepsy syndromes of early childhood, and it comes with very high morbidity and mortality. It is likely that Dravet syndrome is underdiagnosed in adults with treatment-resistant epilepsy.', 'dravet syndrome is one of the most severe epilepsy syndromes of early childhood, and... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19203856",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26995069",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589774",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20184819",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21504428",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25778844",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27264139",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 347,
"text": "Dravet syndrome is one of the most severe epilepsy syndromes of early childhood, and it comes with very high morbi... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004831",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0060171"
] | null | 58bca08702b8c6095300000a |
factoid | What does the human ABCC gene product do? | ['ATP dependent small molecule transporter'] | ['The important drug resistance-conferring members belong to three subfamilies of the human ABC family; these are ABCB1 (MDR1/P-glycoprotein of subfamily ABCB), subfamily ABCC (MRPs), and ABCG2 (BCRP of subfamily ABCG), which are expressed in various organs. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute a larg... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16006996",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21799180",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16815813",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15631998",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19118502",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16357150",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16815813",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 616,
"offsetInEndSection": 915,
"text": "structure, function, and expression of the important drug resistance-conferring members belonging to three subfa... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58c99fcc02b8c60953000029 |
factoid | Which is the relation between coffee consumption and stroke risk? | ['The coffee paradox in stroke: Increased consumption linked with fewer strokes.'] | ['The coffee paradox in stroke: Increased consumption linked with fewer strokes.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24326448"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24326448",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 450,
"offsetInEndSection": 854,
"text": "The majority of prospective studies have reported a weak inverse association between moderate consumption of cof... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58ce363b02b8c60953000046 |
factoid | Which R package is used for the analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation profiles? | ['methylKit'] | ['MethylKit is a comprehensive R package for the analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation profiles. MethylKit includes functions for clustering, sample quality visualization, differential methylation analysis and annotation features, thus automating and simplifying many of the steps for discerning statistically signific... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23034086"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23034086",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 94,
"text": "methylKit: a comprehensive R package for the analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation profiles."
},
{
"beginSectio... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1905643",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1905642",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019175",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008745",
"http://amig... | null | 588f8e9794c1512c50000005 |
factoid | What is the incidence of new cases of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) in Australian and New Zealand in the late 1990's? | ['1.6 per 100,000 people'] | ['cases of ALD diagnosed in Australia and New Zealand between 1981 and 1996 and their families. We estimate that the combined incidence of ALD and its variants in Australasia is at least 1.6 per 100,000. ', 'cases of ALD diagnosed in Australia and New Zealand between 1981 and 1996 and their families. We estimate that t... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9556302"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9556302",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 453,
"offsetInEndSection": 655,
"text": "cases of ALD diagnosed in Australia and New Zealand between 1981 and 1996 and their families. We estimate that th... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000326",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009520",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:10588"
] | null | 58cc5bae02b8c60953000037 |
factoid | Which is the largest metabolic gene cluster in yeast? | ['The DAL cluster'] | ['The DAL cluster is the largest metabolic gene cluster in yeast and consists of six adjacent genes encoding proteins that enable Saccharomyces cerevisiae to use allantoin as a nitrogen source.', 'the dal cluster is the largest metabolic gene cluster in yeast and consists of six adjacent genes encoding proteins that en... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15951822",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22916115"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15951822",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 217,
"offsetInEndSection": 408,
"text": "The DAL cluster is the largest metabolic gene cluster in yeast and consists of six adjacent genes encoding prote... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58d0dc878acda34529000004 |
factoid | Which ApoE isoform is associated with atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease? | ['ApoE4 isoform', 'Apolipoprotein E4 isoform'] | ["The ApoE4 isoform is associated with increased frequency of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD)."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15014128",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16903824",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24633805",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18823563",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15570172",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14614898",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16903824",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 206,
"offsetInEndSection": 334,
"text": "Among three isoforms, the apoE4 isoform is associated with increased frequency of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer'... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=diseases_category",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000544",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:10652",
... | null | 58b6cd3222d300530900000d |
factoid | What organism causes woolsorter's disease | ['Bacillus Anthracis'] | ["Woolsorter's disease is caused by the same organism as Anthrax, bacillus Anthrax. "] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18959192",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486181"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486181",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 661,
"offsetInEndSection": 756,
"text": "Today, woolsorters' disease and other industrial manifestations of anthrax are extremely rare, "
},
{
"b... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:7427",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050160",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009784"
] | null | 58caf0be02b8c6095300002f |
factoid | Which annotated database of A-to-I RNA editing is available? | ['RADAR'] | ['RADAR is a rigorously annotated database of A-to-I RNA editing. RADAR includes a comprehensive collection of A-to-I RNA editing sites identified in humans (Homo sapiens), mice (Mus musculus) and flies (Drosophila melanogaster), together with extensive manually curated annotations for each editing site. RADAR also inc... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24163250"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24163250",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 60,
"text": "RADAR: a rigorously annotated database of A-to-I RNA editing"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "h... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017393"
] | null | 587e1a01fc7e8dd84f000001 |
factoid | What chromosome is affected in Turner's syndrome? | ['X'] | ["Turner's syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal defect with partial or total absence of the X chromosome", "Turner's syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal defect with partial or total absence of the X chromosome.", "Turner's syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal defect with partial or total absence of the X chromosome. ", "turner's syndro... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19909521",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20197675",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10689047",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15797949",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25800473",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20017317",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26757887",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 98,
"text": "Turner's syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal defect with partial or total absence of the X chromosome. "
},
{
"b... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D025063",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014960",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D025064",
"http://www.disease-ontology.or... | null | 58bca2f302b8c6095300000c |
factoid | What is the aim of the TRAP assay? | ['Telomerase enzyme activity can be detected in whole cell lysates by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method referred to as the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP).'] | ['Telomerase enzyme activity can be detected in whole cell lysates by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method referred to as the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965413",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24528514",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23288413",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26683936",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25225832",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23296661",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965413",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 285,
"offsetInEndSection": 452,
"text": "Positive activity by the telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) was identified in cell extracts of Esch... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58cd7af402b8c6095300003e |
factoid | Which R / bioconductor package is used for performing SNP enrichment analysis? | ['traseR'] | ['traseR is an easy-to-use R Bioconductor package that performs enrichment analyses of trait-associated SNPs in arbitrary genomic intervals with flexible options, including testing method, type of background and inclusion of SNPs in LD.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26685307"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26685307",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 97,
"text": "traseR: an R package for performing trait-associated SNP enrichment analysis in genomic intervals"
},
{
"beginSec... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000704"
] | null | 587e3129c32c812009000002 |
factoid | Which histone mutation is associated with gliomas? | ['K27M in H3.3'] | ['Pediatric central nervous system tumors are the most common solid tumor of childhood. Over 70% of diffuse intrinsic pediatric gliomas, an aggressive brainstem tumor, harbor heterozygous mutations that create a K27M amino acid substitution (methionine replaces lysine 27) in the tail of histone H3.3.', 'Over 70% of dif... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26957305",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24242757",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034984",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27701736",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26297251",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27392443",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25525250",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 212,
"text": "Over 70% of diffuse intrinsic pediatric gliomas, an aggressive brainstem tumor, harbor heterozygous mutations that... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58bac71222d3005309000013 |
factoid | What tissue is most affected in Ehlers-Danlos syndromes? | ['connective tissue'] | ['the ehlers-danlos syndromes (eds) are a group of connective tissue disorders characterized by triad of joint hypermobility, skin extensibility, and tissue fragility.', 'The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of connective tissue disorders characterized by triad of joint hypermobility, skin extensibility, and t... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26958560",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15589118",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26452443",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22981642",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25103963",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15817074",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26958560",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 166,
"text": "The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of connective tissue disorders characterized by triad of joint hyper... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004535",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:13359",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:14759",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:14757",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/m... | null | 58cdb41302b8c60953000042 |
factoid | Which library is used for fixed-length approximate string matching? | ['libFLASM'] | ['libFLASM is a free open-source C++ software library for solving fixed-length approximate string matching under both the edit and the Hamming distance models.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27832739"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27832739",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 74,
"text": "libFLASM: a software library for fixed-length approximate string matching."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 587f7a69d8d850a152000001 |
factoid | Which polymerase transcribes pri-miRNAs? | ['RNA polymerase II', 'RNAPII'] | ['Recent evidence indicates that miRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) we have established a robust in vivo system in which pri-miRNA is transcribed by RNAP II and processed to pre-miRNA in HeLa cell nuclear extracts.', 'Previous studies in vivo reported that processing of primary microRNA (pri-miRN... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18042145",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26473486",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18829588",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26119101",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20144951",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21702984",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26149087",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 177,
"text": "Previous studies in vivo reported that processing of primary microRNA (pri-miRNA) is coupled to transcription by R... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1902893",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1902895",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1902894",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0061614",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D0123... | null | 589d965a78275d0c4a000049 |
factoid | Which mutated enzyme is responsible for oculocutaneous 1 (OCA1)-type albinism? | ['tyrosinase', 'TYR'] | ['Mutations in the gene for tyrosinase (TYR), the key enzyme in melanin synthesis, are responsible for oculocutaneous 1 (OCA1)-type albinism.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22088535",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21968110",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9170158",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8651291",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12829739",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27775880",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23242301",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 89,
"text": "An overview of oculocutaneous albinism: TYR gene mutations in five Colombian individuals"
},
{
"beginSection": "a... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050632",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016115",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004798",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=F... | null | 58cbb98c02b8c60953000034 |
factoid | Which protein mediates the replacement of H2A by H2A.Z in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae? | ['SWR1'] | ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae Swr1, a Swi2/Snf2-related ATPase, is the catalytic core of a multisubunit chromatin remodeling enzyme, called the SWR1 complex, that efficiently replaces conventional histone H2A in nucleosomes with histone H2A.Z. We identified a complex containing 13 different polypeptides associated with a ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20711347",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15045029",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23816883",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17470967",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21111233",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24507717",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26116819",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 125,
"offsetInEndSection": 335,
"text": "The chromatin remodeler SWR1 mediates site-specific incorporation of H2A.Z by a multi-step histone replacement r... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58a6db8660087bc10a00002c |
factoid | What fruit causes Jamaican vomiting sickness? | ['Ackee fruit'] | ['Jamaican Vomiting Sickness is caused by ingestion of the unripe arils of the Ackee fruit, its seeds and husks.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6488562",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8185109",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26324727",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23259140",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16099087",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3548729",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25531872",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 187,
"offsetInEndSection": 315,
"text": "The aril of the unripe fruit has high concentrations of HGA, the cause of Jamaican vomiting sickness, which is v... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015984",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005638"
] | null | 5895f7e978275d0c4a000001 |
factoid | Which gene is mutated in the Karak syndrome? | ['PLA2G6'] | ['PLA2G6 gene is mutated in the Karak syndrome.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16783378",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26001724",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20938027",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27884548",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18443314",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24130795"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26001724",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 163,
"offsetInEndSection": 333,
"text": "Mutations in PLA2G6 have been associated with disorders such as infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, neurodegenerati... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005796",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:225"
] | null | 588f9950ed9bbee70d000002 |
factoid | Which disease is associated with mutated Sox2? | ['SOX2 anophthalmia syndrome'] | ['SOX2 anophthalmia syndrome is an uncommon autosomal dominant syndrome caused by mutations in the SOX2 gene and clinically characterized by severe eye malformations (anophthalmia/microphthalmia) and extraocular anomalies mainly involving brain, esophagus, and genitalia.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25542770",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26893459",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26250054",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26130484"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26130484",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 271,
"text": "Anophthalmia and microphthalmia (A/M) are developmental ocular malformations defined as the complete absence or re... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58ce9bf1d46b5c2951000002 |
factoid | Which disease the skin condition Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum is associated to? | ['Diabetes mellitus'] | ['Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum (NLD) is a rare, granulomatous inflammatory skin disease of unknown origin, sometimes associated with diabetes mellitus.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11259927",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24575162",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17429587",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/730866",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8261754",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16060710",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25266162",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 176,
"text": "Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum (NLD) is a chronic condition, which is characterized by single or multiple lesi... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009335",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=diseases_category",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:3486"
] | null | 58bfd8e902b8c60953000018 |
factoid | What is the function of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)? | ['The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that plays an essential role in maintaining calcium homeostasis.'] | ['The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that plays an essential role in maintaining calcium homeostasis.\nThe CaSR is a key regulator for such diverse processes as hormone secretion, gene expression, inflammation, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Due to this pleiotropy, the C... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21566074",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26386835",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23856267",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26608608",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26261299"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26386835",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 133,
"text": "The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that plays an essential role in maintaining ca... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58cd7fed02b8c6095300003f |
factoid | What is the role of IL-18BP? | ['IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) is a natural inhibitor of IL-18. The balance between IL-18 and IL-18BP has an important role in the inflammatory setting.'] | ['IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) is a natural inhibitor of IL-18. The balance between IL-18 and IL-18BP has an important role in the inflammatory setting.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26782741",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26898120",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27914933",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25548255",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25807634",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25692120",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26850179",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "Interleukin 18--binding protein ameliorates liver ischemia--reperfusion injury."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58cd90c202b8c60953000040 |
factoid | Which protein mediates gene loop formation in the yeast S. cerevisiae? | ['TFIIB'] | ["Moreover, looping is dependent upon the general transcription factor TFIIB: the E62K (glutamic acid 62 --> lysine) form of TFIIB adversely affects looping at every gene tested, including BLM10, SAC3, GAL10, SEN1, and HEM3. TFIIB crosslinks to both the promoter and terminator regions of the PMA1 and BLM10 genes, and i... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24124207",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22081613",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17803944",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21835917",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19602510",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18550805"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17803944",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 59,
"text": "A transcription-independent role for TFIIB in gene looping."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "ht... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58adc1ff9ef3c34033000006 |
factoid | Which virus type causes Molluscum contagiosum? | ['human poxvirus'] | ['Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is a human poxvirus that causes tumor-like skin lesions.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16390992",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23372568",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24155912",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18950398",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18616033",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9275219",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22688765",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 161,
"text": "Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), a poxvirus pathogenic for humans, replicates well in human skin in vivo, but no... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:8867",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008977",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008976"
] | null | 58bfd0db02b8c60953000017 |
factoid | What is the function of BAX | ['bax promotes Apoptosis'] | ['BAX is a central death regulator that controls apoptosis in normal and cancer cells', 'pro-apoptotic protein Bax'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19138672",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12732850",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17494694",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24712408",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27164337",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8798665",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26252372",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 545,
"offsetInEndSection": 570,
"text": "pro-apoptotic protein Bax"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BAX_ECOLI",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0065009",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BAX_BOVIN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BAX_RAT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BAX_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/BAX_MOUSE"
] | null | 58bde18b02b8c60953000014 |
factoid | Where is base J found in the genome of Leishmania tarentolae? | ['telomeric repeats'] | ['Base J (β-D-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil) replaces 1% of T in the Leishmania genome and is only found in telomeric repeats (99%) and in regions where transcription starts and stops. Base J is found predominantly in repetitive DNA and correlates with epigenetic silencing of telomeric variant surface glycoprotein genes... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25662217",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17329373",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19114062",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10562569",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25104019",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20215442"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25662217",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 181,
"text": "Base J (β-D-glucosyl-hydroxymethyluracil) replaces 1% of T in the Leishmania genome and is only found in telomeric... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58cf5c5a8acda34529000003 |
factoid | Which tool is available for predicting regulatory interactions from ChIP-seq data? | ['CisMapper'] | ["CisMapper predicts the regulatory targets of a TF using the correlation between a histone mark at the TF's bound sites and the expression of each gene across a panel of tissues. CisMapper is more accurate at predicting the target genes of a TF than the distance-based approaches currently used, and is particularly adv... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27924029"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27924029",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 85,
"text": "CisMapper: predicting regulatory interactions from transcription factor ChIP-seq data"
},
{
"beginSection": "abst... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 587e0116ae05ffb474000002 |
factoid | What is the enzymatic activity of PARL? | ['PARL are serine proteases'] | ['the mitochondrial protease presenilin-associated rhomboid-like (PARL). Rhomboids are a recently discovered family of widely distributed intramembrane serine proteases.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17938163",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21415861",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21355049",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19859837"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21355049",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 743,
"offsetInEndSection": 970,
"text": "Here we demonstrate that the mitochondrial protease presenilin-associated rhomboid-like (PARL) can affect the pr... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58dfe6b56fddd3e83e000004 |
factoid | Which gene controls the expression of GATA-1 isoforms? | ['PU.1'] | ['In this study, we report a transcriptional network in which PU.1 positively regulates GATA-1 expression in mast cell development. This isoform contains an alternatively spliced first exon (IB) that is distinct from the first exon (IE) incorporated in the major erythroid mRNA transcript.', 'A transcriptional network ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12202480",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24453067",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20304827"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24453067",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 127,
"offsetInEndSection": 272,
"text": "Mutations in exon 2 interfere with the synthesis of the full-length isoform of GATA-1 and lead to the production... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58e75d483e8b6dc87c000005 |
factoid | Andexanet Alfa is an antidote of which clotting factor inhibitors? | ['Factor Xa', 'Xa'] | ['Andexanet alfa is a specific reversal agent for Factor Xa inhibitors.', 'Andexanet alfa is a class-specific antidote targeted to reverse the oral direct factor Xa inhibitors as well as the indirect inhibitor, enoxaparin. Idarucizumab and andexanet alfa are NOAC-specific reversal agents designed to reverse dabigatran ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27147456",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26449414",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27082776",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26559317",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27575436",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25516695",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26449414",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 642,
"offsetInEndSection": 789,
"text": "Andexanet alfa is a class-specific antidote targeted to reverse the oral direct factor Xa inhibitors as well as ... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000925",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000931",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019774"
] | [
{
"o": "antidote",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0003295"
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{
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"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resourc... | 5880b073c872c95565000003 |
factoid | Which is the main cause of the Patau syndrome? | ['Trisome 13'] | ['Patau syndrome is caused by trisomy 13.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11885075",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23613355",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17603803",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14506431",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6458983",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18467377",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21344634",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 150,
"text": "Trisomy 13, or Patau syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder characterized by a triad of cleft lip and palate, pos... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002882",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:11665"
] | [
{
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"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0152095"
},
{
"o": "syndrome patau",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.co... | 58da111c8acda34529000010 |
factoid | Which is the main abnormality that arises with Sox9 locus duplication? | ['Autosomal XX sex reversal'] | ['The 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development (DSD), also known as 46,XX male syndrome, is a rare form of DSD and clinical phenotype shows complete sex reversal from female to male. A complex network of genes determines sex in mammals. Differentiation of testicular tissue in 46,XX individuals is seen either in XX ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10588843",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18391513",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22678921",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25010117",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24040047",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25077096",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10588843",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 55,
"text": "Autosomal XX sex reversal caused by duplication of SOX9"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http:/... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58af1cb3717cd3f655000003 |
factoid | What tissue is commonly affected in Marfan's syndrome | ['connective tissue'] | ['Marfan syndrome (MS) is a connective tissue disorder that affects thousands of adolescents ', 'Marfan syndrome (MS) is a connective tissue disorder that affects thousands of adolescents', 'Marfan syndrome (MS) is a connective tissue disorder that affects thousands of adolescents. ', 'Marfan syndrome (MS) is a connect... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23304566",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26494287",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21723458",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21308160",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17620463",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26272787",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26272787",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 91,
"text": "Marfan syndrome (MS) is a connective tissue disorder that affects thousands of adolescents "
},
{
"beginSec... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008382",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:14323"
] | [
{
"o": "Marfan Syndrome",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0024796"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0431931",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | 58dd0dde8acda34529000027 |
factoid | To which disease does the loss of CD28 expression by liver-infiltrating T cells contribute? | ['Primary sclerosing cholangitis'] | ['Loss of CD28 expression by liver-infiltrating T cells contributes to pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis.', 'Loss of CD28 expression by liver-infiltrating T cells contributes to pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis. ', 'loss of cd28 expression by liver-infiltrating t cells contributes to pathogen... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24726754"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24726754",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 116,
"text": "Loss of CD28 expression by liver-infiltrating T cells contributes to pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis."
... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CD28_RABIT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CD28_RAT",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008107",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CD28_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CD28_CHICK",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CD2... | null | 58853922e56acf5176000016 |
factoid | Which disease is treated with ZMapp? | ['Ebola virus disease'] | ['ZMapp is a combination of antibodies for treatment of Ebola virus disease.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25694097",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25171469",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27274814",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26311869",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25404321",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26962157",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26798032",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 424,
"offsetInEndSection": 691,
"text": "This includes agents belonging to various therapeutic classes, namely direct antiviral agents (favipiravir and B... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004194",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=diseases_category"
] | [
{
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"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0012634"
},
{
"o": "Disease",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resour... | 5880e417713cbdfd3d000001 |
factoid | What happens to H2AX upon DNA bouble strand breaks? | ['it is rapidly concentrated'] | [' Phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) is rapidly concentrated in chromatin domains around DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) after the action of ionizing radiation or chemical agents and at stalled replication forks during replication stress The nuclear foci of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) are frequently used as a marker ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24682951",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27158526",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22704343",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21511815"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27158526",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 136,
"text": "Histone H2AX phosphorylation as a measure of DNA double-strand breaks and a marker of environmental stress and disease a... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58af16ea717cd3f655000002 |
factoid | What is the effect of the direct interaction of Ikaros and Foxp1 in B-lymphocytes? | ['Modulation of expression of the G protein-coupled receptor G2A.'] | ['Direct interaction of Ikaros and Foxp1 modulates expression of the G protein-coupled receptor G2A in B-lymphocytes and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.', 'The effect of the direct interaction of Ikaros and Foxp1 in B-lymphocytesis is modulation of expression of the G protein-coupled receptor G2A.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27588474"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27588474",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 148,
"text": "Direct interaction of Ikaros and Foxp1 modulates expression of the G protein-coupled receptor G2A in B-lymphocytes and a... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001402",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FOXP1_RAT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FOXP1_MOUSE",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4250484",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&t... | [
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A20756491",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1825588"
},
{
"o": "IKAROS",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resour... | 58853667e56acf5176000015 |
factoid | Which syndrome is caused by deletion of Pds5b in mice? | ['Cornelia de Lange syndrome.'] | ['mice lacking sister chromatid cohesion protein pds5b exhibit developmental abnormalities reminiscent of cornelia de lange syndrome.', 'Mice lacking sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5B exhibit developmental abnormalities reminiscent of Cornelia de Lange syndrome. ', 'Mice lacking sister chromatid cohesion protein ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17652350",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19412548"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17652350",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 131,
"text": "Mice lacking sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5B exhibit developmental abnormalities reminiscent of Cornelia de Lang... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0090695",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PDS5B_RAT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PDS5B_MOUSE"
] | [
{
"o": "Gene Deletion",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1442161"
},
{
"o": "Syndrome",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0039082"
},
{
"o": "htt... | 5889eb503b87a8a73800000b |
factoid | What is the inheritance of Barth syndrome? | ['X-linked recessive pattern of inheritance'] | ['Barth syndrome (BTHS) has an X-linked recessive pattern of inheritance.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9345098",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21932011",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12749056",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16847078",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24751896",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24342716",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25776009",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 81,
"text": "Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked recessive disease primarily affecting males."
},
{
"beginSection": "ab... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050476",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D040582",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=F... | [
{
"o": "Barth Syndrome",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0574083"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A12001922",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | 58d900428acda3452900000c |
factoid | Which miRNA is targeted by SRY/Sox9? | ['mir-138'] | ['The testis-specific circRNA, sex-determining region Y (Sry), serves as a miR-138 sponge, suggesting that miRNA sponge effects achieved by circRNA formation are a general phenomenon', 'Does the linear Sry transcript function as a ceRNA for miR-138?. Recently, the sex determining region Y ( Sry) and the cerebellar dege... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23446346",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23389731",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25580223"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25580223",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 63,
"text": "Does the linear Sry transcript function as a ceRNA for miR-138?"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document":... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58de18e48acda3452900002a |
factoid | Which technique led to the elucidation of the role of HOXD10 in regulating lymphatic endothelial responses to VEGF-C? | ['DeepCAGE'] | ['DeepCAGE transcriptomics identify HOXD10 as a transcription factor regulating lymphatic endothelial responses to VEGF-C.', 'DeepCAGE transcriptomics identify HOXD10 as a transcription factor regulating lymphatic endothelial responses to VEGF-C', 'DeepCAGE transcriptomics identify HOXD10 as a transcription factor regu... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27199372"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27199372",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 119,
"text": "DeepCAGE transcriptomics identify HOXD10 as a transcription factor regulating lymphatic endothelial responses to VEGF-C"... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/VEGFC_MOUSE",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D040262",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HXD10_SAGLB",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HXD10_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HXD10_HETFR",
"http://www.uniprot.org/unipr... | [
{
"o": "HOXD10",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1415684"
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{
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"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_5032383335380014"
}
] | 5881f627713cbdfd3d000005 |
factoid | What alternate indication has Vanoxerine been repositioned for? | ['atrial fibrillation and flutter'] | ["Vanoxerine's effects were strongly frequency-dependent and we repositioned it for treatment of atrial fibrillation and flutter. Vanoxerine has been in clinical trials for Parkinsonism, depression and cocaine addiction but lacked efficacy.", "Vanoxerine has been in clinical trials for Parkinsonism, depression and coca... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21615815",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27108936",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19817928",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19817929",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25684233",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26616666"
] | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26616666",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 272,
"offsetInEndSection": 399,
"text": "Vanoxerine's effects were strongly frequency-dependent and we repositioned it for treatment of atrial fibrillati... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056687",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4001200",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4001200",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4258722",
"http... | [
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"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
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{
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"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resou... | 58c9a8fe02b8c6095300002a |
factoid | What is the applicability of the No Promoter Left Behind method? | ['Learning de novo promoter architectures from genome-wide transcription start sites.'] | ['No Promoter Left Behind (NPLB) is an efficient, organism-independent method for characterizing promoter architectures directly from experimentally identified genome-wide TSSs, without relying on known promoter elements.', 'Promoters have diverse regulatory architectures and thus activate genes differently. No Promote... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26530723"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26530723",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 112,
"text": "No Promoter Left Behind (NPLB): learn de novo promoter architectures from genome-wide transcription start sites."
},
... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011401",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005786",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015870",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/me... | null | 588f341594c1512c50000002 |
factoid | Which gene mutations cause the Marfan syndrome? | ['fibrillin 1 gene', 'FBN1'] | ['Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the fibrillin 1 gene (FBN1).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3354620",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8841521",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7611299",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22221020",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9649943",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1569206",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25812041",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 9,
"offsetInEndSection": 126,
"text": "The diagnostic criteria of Marfan syndrome (MFS) highlight the importance of a FBN1 mutation test in diagnosing MF... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009154",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005796",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/me... | [
{
"o": "Gene Mutation",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0596611"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7647895",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/res... | 58d8e6818acda3452900000a |
factoid | What is the indication of ARCALYST? | ['cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) disorders'] | ['In February 2008, Regeneron received Orphan Drug approval from the Food and Drug Administration for rilonacept in the treatment of two cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) disorders, namely, familial cold-induced autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS) and Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS), for children and adults 12 ye... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22096352",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19707454",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19649332"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22096352",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 526,
"offsetInEndSection": 775,
"text": "Rilonacept (Arcalyst(TM); Regeneron) is the first us Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for familia... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58df47f08acda3452900002f |
factoid | What is the genus for the common European honey bee? | ['Apis'] | ['The genus and species of the European honey bee is Apis mellifera.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18941909",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26990560",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27518068",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27447542",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27705831",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19909977",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27447542",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 52,
"offsetInEndSection": 87,
"text": "European honey bee (Apis mellifera)"
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58e23ec66fddd3e83e000010 |
factoid | Where is the TAZ (G4.5) is located in humans? | ['Xq28'] | ['TAZ gene (G4.5) is located on Xq28 in humans.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9345098",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25118650",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23398819",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12032589",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23606313",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19261493",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
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"endSection": "abstract",
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"text": "Tafazzin (EC 2.3.1.23) is a Phospholipid Transacylase involved in Cardiolipin remodeling on mitochondrial membrane... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TAZ_MACMU",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TAZ_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TAZ_SAISC",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TAZ_PONPY",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TAZ_ERYPA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TAZ_PANTR",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/M... | [
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{
"o": "TAZ gene",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/reso... | 58d906b28acda3452900000d |
factoid | What do nerve-associated peripheral glial progenitors give rise to? | ['Parasympathetic neurons'] | ['Nerve-associated peripheral glial progenitors give rise to parasympathetic neurons. The parasympathetic system in mice--including trunk ganglia and the cranial ciliary, pterygopalatine, lingual, submandibular, and otic ganglia--arise from glial cells in nerves, not neural crest cells. The parasympathetic fate is indu... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24925909"
] | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24925909",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 18,
"offsetInEndSection": 103,
"text": "Parasympathetic neurons originate from nerve-associated peripheral glial progenitors."
},
{
"beginSection": "ab... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009457",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009417",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0010001",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Ex... | [
{
"o": "NERVE",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0027757"
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{
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"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/u... | 5881f9b65bf093691f000001 |
factoid | How many topological associated domains are contained in the human Hox cluster? | ['two', '2'] | ['transcriptional activation is associated with a dynamic bi-modal 3d organization, whereby the genes switch autonomously from an inactive to an active compartment.', 'Initially, Hox clusters are organized as single chromatin compartments containing all genes and bivalent chromatin marks. Transcriptional activation is ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24843030"
] | [
{
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"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 422,
"offsetInEndSection": 543,
"text": "Initially, Hox clusters are organized as single chromatin compartments containing all genes and bivalent chromat... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58e793f53e8b6dc87c000008 |
factoid | What is the results of inactivated ANGPLT3? | ['Recessive hypolipidemia'] | ['Complete ANGPTL3 deficiency caused by loss-of-function mutations of ANGPTL3 is associated with a recessive hypolipidemia'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24798233",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22062970"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24798233",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 681,
"offsetInEndSection": 895,
"text": "Although it appears by now that the main lipid pathways have been uncovered, and that only modulators or adaptor... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58dfd70c6fddd3e83e000002 |
factoid | What percentage of rheumatoid arthritis patients are responsive to anti-TNF therapy? | ['50-60%'] | ['Despite this, a substantial proportion of patients (approximately 30-40%) fail to respond to these potentially toxic and expensive therapies. Treatment strategies blocking tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) have proven very successful in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), showing beneficial effects in approximate... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22044414",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24040234"
] | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22044414",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 202,
"offsetInEndSection": 344,
"text": "Despite this, a substantial proportion of patients (approximately 30-40%) fail to respond to these potentially t... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58e79e703e8b6dc87c00000a |
factoid | Which disease is treated with semaglutide? | ['Type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'TYPE 2 DIABETES'] | ['Semaglutide is glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that is being used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25475122",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22675341",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26308095",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27432074",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27817160",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27863704",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26694823",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 741,
"text": "INTRODUCTION: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly being used for the treatment ... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4",
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"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exa... | [
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"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resour... | 5880c42fc872c95565000008 |
factoid | What condition is usually represented by the acronym SUDEP? | ['Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP)'] | ['The acronym SUDEP refers to Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy', ' sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP)', 'Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP)', 'Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP). sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP),. '] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19623466",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25323494",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23099115",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19713869",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22042178",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25499158",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26038597",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 117,
"offsetInEndSection": 160,
"text": "Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP)"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://ww... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58dbb8968acda3452900001b |
factoid | Which disease can be categorized using the Koos grading system? | ['vestibular schwannoma'] | ['Koos grading system is used for vestibular schwannoma.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26967786",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25811349",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26606668",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25181431",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27513938",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24797568",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26967786",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 636,
"offsetInEndSection": 789,
"text": "The patients had Koos Grade I or II tumors and American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004194",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=diseases_category"
] | [
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"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resour... | 5886519c3b87a8a738000007 |
factoid | What is the inheritance of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency? | ['recessive X-linked inheritance'] | ['Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the commonest red cell enzymopathy in humans and has a recessive X-linked inheritance.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1188317",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6350992",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15226563",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26275698",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169625",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24460025",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15226563",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 132,
"text": "Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the commonest red cell enzymopathy in humans and has an X-l... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/G6PD_BUCAI",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2862",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/G6PD_CERCA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/G6PD_CRIGR",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/G6PD_EMENI",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/G6PD_BUCAP",
"http://www.uniprot.o... | [
{
"o": "http://purl.uniprot.org/uniprot/P11413",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/uniprot/P11413"
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{
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"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0017757"
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{
... | 58c6635f02b8c60953000023 |
factoid | Symptoms of which disorder are evaluated with the Davidson Trauma Scale? | ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD'] | ['Davidson Trauma Scale is used for evaluation of post-traumatic stress disorder.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16600574",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25049338",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19268914",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26502199",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9122295",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17224720",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26502199",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 539,
"offsetInEndSection": 1221,
"text": "Besides, to study its scores' evidence of convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity in relation to othe... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004194",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=diseases_category",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exa... | [
{
"o": "Symptoms",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1457887"
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{
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"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource... | 58861d413b87a8a738000002 |
factoid | Which enzyme is inhibited by ribociclib? | ['cyclin D-cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6', 'CDK4/6'] | ['Ribociclib is inhibitor of cyclin D-cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK 4/6). It is used for breast cancer treatment.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26303211",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27729458",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27017286",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25941111",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26642065",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27030077",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26303211",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 411,
"offsetInEndSection": 587,
"text": "Three CDK 4/6 inhibitors have been investigated for the treatment of HR(+) breast cancer, including palbociclib ... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004798"
] | null | 5880dba9c872c95565000009 |
factoid | What is Achondroplasia? | ['An autosomal dominant form of dwarfism'] | ['Achondrogenesis type II also known as Achondroplasia is an autosomal-dominant disease leading to severe micromelic dwarfism', 'Achondrogenesis type II is an autosomal-dominant disease leading to severe micromelic dwarfism. ', 'Achondrogenesis type II is an autosomal-dominant disease leading to severe micromelic dwa... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20624921",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24365319",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25823796"
] | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25823796",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 95,
"text": "Achondrogenesis type II is an autosomal-dominant disease leading to severe micromelic dwarfism."
},
{
"begi... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4480",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000130"
] | [
{
"o": "Achondroplasia",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001080"
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{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0385394",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/re... | 58cefcfb8acda34529000002 |
factoid | What is the indication for Mirabegron? | ['OverActive Bladder syndrome'] | ['Mirabegron, the first 尾3-adrenoceptor agonist in clinical practice, is approved for treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome symptoms.', 'mirabegron, the first β3-adrenoceptor agonist in clinical practice, is approved for treatment of overactive bladder (oab) syndrome symptoms.', 'Mirabegron, the first β3-adren... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26908514",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24127366",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24078498",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24610862",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23757386",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26665779",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26422675",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 9,
"offsetInEndSection": 149,
"text": "Mirabegron, the first β3-adrenoceptor agonist in clinical practice, is approved for treatment of overactive bladde... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D053201"
] | [
{
"o": "mirabegron",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/chebi/id/CHEBI:65349"
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{
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"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | 58f4b2f070f9fc6f0f000012 |
factoid | What is the cause of Tardive dyskinesia? | ['Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a movement disorder characterized by abnormal involuntary facial movements induced by chronic therapy with classical antipsychotic medications.'] | ['Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a movement disorder characterized by abnormal involuntary facial movements induced by chronic therapy with classical antipsychotic medications.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26979525",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24747871",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20818603",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23157631",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24310603"
] | [
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26979525",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 9,
"offsetInEndSection": 89,
"text": ": Free radicals may be involved in the pathogenesis of tardive dyskinesia (TD). "
},
{
"beginSection": "abs... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58efa36d70f9fc6f0f000004 |
factoid | How are Arboviruses transmitted? | ['By arthropods'] | ['Arboviruses are transmitted by arthropods.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26141429",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10488638",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21658241",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26925368",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16893487",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25597441",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25597441",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 156,
"text": "Epizootic congenital abnormalities, encephalomyelitis and febrile illnesses in cattle caused by arthropod-borne vi... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007303",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018562",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001103",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/me... | [
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"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0003725"
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{
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"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/reso... | 58f4b85f70f9fc6f0f000015 |
factoid | Which bacterium has the smallest genome in base pairs yet found? | ['Nasuia deltocephalinicola'] | ['Our results reveal that Nasuia-ALF has the smallest bacterial genome yet sequenced (112 kb), and that the Sulcia-ALF genome (190 kb) is smaller than that of Sulcia in other insect lineages. Both regions exhibit a significant reduction in length and gene number in B. aphidicola BCc, as it could be expected since it po... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23918810"
] | [
{
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23918810",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 685,
"offsetInEndSection": 874,
"text": "Our results reveal that Nasuia-ALF has the smallest bacterial genome yet sequenced (112 kb), and that the Sulcia... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58e9f0ba3e8b6dc87c00000e |
factoid | What is a miR? | ['MiRs are small (~23 nt) noncoding RNAs'] | ['The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) has opened an entire new avenue for drug development. These short (15-22 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs, which function in RNA silencing and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, have been shown to critically affect numerous pathways in both development and disease progre... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27814624",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27924483",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27734397",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27586262"
] | [
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27814624",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 508,
"offsetInEndSection": 634,
"text": "As novel molecules, microRNAs (miRs) take part in regulating protein-coding gene expression at the post-transcri... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58f0b1d670f9fc6f0f000007 |
factoid | Which mushroom is poisonous, Amanita phalloides or Agaricus Bisporus | ['Amanita phalloides'] | ['The well-known cultivated species Agaricus bisporus is safe to eat while Amanita Phalloides is poisonous.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27596390",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26304449",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27389675"
] | [
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"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26304449",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 444,
"text": "Seventeen edible mushrooms commercially available in Korea were analysed for their umami taste compounds (5'-nucle... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000363",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000364",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010947",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot... | [
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18612096",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0032346"
},
{
"o": "poisons",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resou... | 58f4b1a170f9fc6f0f000010 |
factoid | Which is the most common gene signature in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients? | ['Interferon signature', 'IFN signature'] | ['A five gene type I IFN signature was assessed in these subjects to identify subpopulations showing both activation and concordance of the type I IFN pathway in the peripheral blood and disease-affected tissues of each disease and to correlate activation of this pathway in the WB with clinical measurements.R Baseline ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25167216",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23819583",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23897011",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20722020",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22532634",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21366908",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21803750",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 601,
"offsetInEndSection": 909,
"text": "A five gene type I IFN signature was assessed in these subjects to identify subpopulations showing both activati... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58e7902b3e8b6dc87c000007 |
factoid | Which server is used for generating modes of pseudo components of DNA, RNA and protein sequences? | ['Pse-in-One'] | ['Pse-in-One is a web server for generating various modes of pseudo components of DNA, RNA, and protein sequences. It can, through its 28 different modes, generate nearly all the possible feature vectors for DNA, RNA and protein sequences. Particularly, it can also generate those feature vectors with the properties def... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25958395"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25958395",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "Pse-in-One: a web server for generating various modes of pseudo components of DNA, RNA, and protein sequences."
},
{... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004247",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D030561",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000595",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/me... | [
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18664122",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0002518"
},
{
"o": "protein sequences",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata... | 589317e849702f2e01000005 |
factoid | Which class of genes are mutated in Diamond Blackfan Anemia patients? | ['ribosomal protein genes'] | ['Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is characterized by a defect of erythroid progenitors and, clinically, by anemia and malformations. Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) is an inherited erythroblastopenia associated with mutations in at least 8 different ribosomal protein genes. Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare congenit... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11112378",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20606162",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18768533",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20960466",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22689679",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12393682",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11112378",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 250,
"offsetInEndSection": 398,
"text": "Mutations in the gene encoding ribosomal protein (RP) S19 have recently been found in 25% of patients with eithe... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58e74bff3e8b6dc87c000004 |
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