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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
factoid | Which protein is the main marker of Cajal bodies? | ['coilin'] | ['Coilin is widely known as the protein marker of the Cajal body, a subnuclear domain important to the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins and telomerase, complexes that are crucial to pre-messenger RNA splicing and telomere maintenance, respectively The Cajal body has now regained the interest of biologists... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22558428",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11302690",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10806077",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14989147",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10944589",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16079131",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23274112",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 259,
"text": "Coilin is widely known as the protein marker of the Cajal body, a subnuclear domain important to the biogenesis of... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58eb9542eda5a57672000007 |
factoid | Which mutated gene causes the Chédiak–Higashi Syndrome? | ['lysosomal trafficking regulator gene', 'LYST gene'] | ['Mutation in the lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST) gene causes the Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14599068",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20617205",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25582874",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24521565",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25425525",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22762706",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24521565",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 727,
"offsetInEndSection": 921,
"text": "We detected a homozygous missense mutation (c.4189T>G, p.F1397V) in the lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST) g... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009154",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005796",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/me... | [
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18609146",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0007965"
},
{
"o": "chediak-higashi syndrome",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedl... | 58cbd0d502b8c60953000035 |
factoid | The pathogen Fusarium graminearum affects what type of plant species? | ['cereal crops'] | ['Fusarium graminearum is a broad host pathogen threatening cereal crops in temperate regions around the world.', 'Fusarium graminearum is a broad host pathogen threatening cereal crops in temperate regions around the world. '] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18179606",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26693688",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26585460",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22516221",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26607286",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26305050",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26693688",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 110,
"text": "Fusarium graminearum is a broad host pathogen threatening cereal crops in temperate regions around the world. "
... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005670",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4053737",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010945"
] | [
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18593376",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0032098"
},
{
"o": "plants",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resour... | 58f3ca5c70f9fc6f0f00000d |
factoid | Which R / bioconductor package is used for enrichment analysis of genomic regions? | ['LOLA'] | ['locus overlap analysis (lola) provides easy and automatable enrichment analysis for genomic region sets, thus facilitating the interpretation of functional genomics and epigenomics data.', 'Genomic datasets are often interpreted in the context of large-scale reference databases. Locus Overlap Analysis (LOLA) provides... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26508757"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26508757",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 96,
"text": "LOLA: enrichment analysis for genomic region sets and regulatory elements in R and Bioconductor."
},
{
"beginSect... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 587e3e302420191125000002 |
factoid | Which is the major RNA editing enzyme in Drosophila melanogaster? | ['ADAR', 'adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific'] | ['Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA [adenosine deaminase, RNA specific (ADAR)] catalyze the site-specific conversion of adenosine to inosine in primary mRNA transcripts. The ADAR RNA editing enzyme controls neuronal excitability in Drosophila melanogaster. TIRs were deduced to form dsRNAs as a putative target of ADA... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24137011",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26656153",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25555396",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17018572",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20886259"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17018572",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 170,
"text": "Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA [adenosine deaminase, RNA specific (ADAR)] catalyze the site-specific convers... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58e9e7aa3e8b6dc87c00000d |
factoid | Which protein is associated with hyperemesis gravidarum during pregrancy? | ['Human chorionic gonadotropin', 'hCG'] | ['Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is associated with hyperemesis gravidarum during pregrancy.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25963653",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20735820",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11380287",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21360554"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25963653",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1105,
"offsetInEndSection": 1246,
"text": "Maternal smoking, BMI, parity, ethnicity, fetal gender, placental weight and hyperemesis gravidarum symptoms w... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014839",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1832",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006939",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:9357",
"https... | [
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18647822",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0020450"
},
{
"o": "gravidarum hyperemesis",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlif... | 58da1aa08acda34529000012 |
factoid | Angelman syndrome is associated with deletion of a part of Chromosome 15 but if the deletion occurs in the paternally inherited chromosome 15, what is the disease? | ['Prader-Willi syndrome'] | ['Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) results from a deletion of the paternal genes in the region of chromosome 15q11-q13.', ' prader-willi syndrome (pws) results from a deletion of the paternal genes in the region of chromosome 15q11-q13.', 'Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) results from a deletion of the paternal genes in the regi... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26713299",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1714232",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1985457",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2309781"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26713299",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 11,
"offsetInEndSection": 124,
"text": " Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) results from a deletion of the paternal genes in the region of chromosome 15q11-q13.... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002872",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D025063",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011218",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/me... | [
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18664896",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0008657"
},
{
"o": "chromosome 15",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com... | 58e3d9ab3e8b6dc87c000002 |
factoid | What is the phenotype of people carrying mutations in the gene PRDM12? | ['congenital insensitivity to pain', 'CIP'] | ['New therapeutic options have recently been derived from studies of individuals with congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP). Here we identified 10 different homozygous mutations in PRDM12 (encoding PRDI-BF1 and RIZ homology domain-containing protein 12) in subjects with CIP from 11 families.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25891934",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26005867",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26549885"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25891934",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 113,
"text": "The evolutionarily conserved transcription factor PRDM12 controls sensory neuron development and pain perception."
},
... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58ea7248eda5a57672000002 |
factoid | Which cellular function is associated with transcription factors forkhead 1 and 2 (Fkh1 and Fkh2)? | ['DNA replication'] | ['Forkhead transcription factors establish origin timing and long-range clustering in S. cerevisiae. Here we show that the yeast Forkhead transcription factors, Fkh1 and Fkh2, are global determinants of replication origin timing. Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors have a conserved function in regulating metazo... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22438832",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702877",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15777722",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22265405"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22265405",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 98,
"text": "Forkhead transcription factors establish origin timing and long-range clustering in S. cerevisiae."
},
{
"beginSe... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58eb4ce7eda5a57672000004 |
factoid | What type of genome, (RNA or DNA, double stranded single stranded) is found in the the virus that causes blue tongue disease? | ['double stranded, segmented RNA'] | ['The Bluetongue virus (BTV) genome contains ten double-stranded RNA segments.', 'Bluetongue virus (BTV) genome contains ten double-stranded RNA segments. ', 'Bluetongue virus (BTV) genome contains ten double-stranded RNA segments.', 'Bluetongue virus (BTV) genome contains ten double-stranded RNA segments', 'bluetongue... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22549161"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22549161",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "Bluetongue virus (BTV) genome contains ten double-stranded RNA segments"
}
] | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1301",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012330",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001820",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050498"
] | [
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0491591",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0042776"
},
{
"o": "virus",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource... | 58f3c4b970f9fc6f0f00000a |
factoid | What is a "chemobrain"? | ['The term "chemobrain" is sometimes used to denote deficits in neuropsychological functioning that may occur as a result of cancer treatment.'] | ['The term "chemobrain" is sometimes used to denote deficits in neuropsychological functioning that may occur as a result of cancer treatment.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25176562",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26653737",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25687405",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27041861",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27709283"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26653737",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 322,
"offsetInEndSection": 563,
"text": "Frequency of chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment or \"chemobrain\" is mentioned to be significant in liter... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58efa1b870f9fc6f0f000003 |
factoid | Borden classification is used for which disease? | ['cranial dural arteriovenous fistula', 'DAVF'] | ['Borden classification systems is used for the prediction of clinical behavior of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22107858",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20678361",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20678360",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22374275",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20849795",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23570149",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25746311",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 277,
"offsetInEndSection": 545,
"text": "The locations of DAVFs were the transverse-sigmoid sinus in 11, tentorium in 10, cranial vault in 9, and superio... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002965",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004194",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Ex... | null | 5890fde5621ea6ff7e000009 |
factoid | Which effects create neighborhoods of transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes? | ['the sharing of enhancer elements', 'enhancer sharing'] | ['Enhancer Sharing Promotes Neighborhoods of Transcriptional Regulation Across Eukaryotes. Here, we present cross-organismic evidence suggesting that most EP pairs are compatible, largely determined by physical proximity rather than specific interactions. we find that the transcription of gene neighbors is correlated o... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22084256",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27799341",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17025153"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27799341",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 87,
"text": "Enhancer Sharing Promotes Neighborhoods of Transcriptional Regulation Across Eukaryotes"
},
{
"beginSection": "ab... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58c27b7102b8c60953000021 |
factoid | What is the indication for valbenazine? | ['Valbenazine granted breakthrough drug status for treating tardive dyskinesia.'] | ['Valbenazine granted breakthrough drug status for treating tardive dyskinesia.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25809133",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27819145"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27819145",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 571,
"offsetInEndSection": 747,
"text": "VMAT2 inhibitors (e.g. deutetrabenazine and valbenazine) have been studied in the treatment of HD-related chorea... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58f0b0c070f9fc6f0f000006 |
factoid | What is the role of DNA Repair Cofactors ATMIN and NBS1? | ['Suppresion of T Cell Activation.'] | ['The DNA double-strand break signaling kinase ATM and its cofactor NBS1 are required during T cell development and for the maintenance of genomic stability. The role of a second ATM cofactor, ATMIN (also known as ASCIZ) in T cells is much less clear, and whether ATMIN and NBS1 function in synergy in T cells is unknown... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26544571"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26544571",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 79,
"text": "DNA Repair Cofactors ATMIN and NBS1 Are Required to Suppress T Cell Activation."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NBS1_SCHPO",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004260",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D045643",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&t... | [
{
"o": "DNA repair",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0012899"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18609617",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resou... | 58853c56e56acf5176000018 |
factoid | What organism causes tularemia? | ['Francisella tularensis'] | ['Francisella tularensis, the agent of tularemia, is a Gram-negative coccobacillus primarily pathogen for animals and occasionally for humans. F. tularensis is the causative agent of zoonotic tularemia. ', 'francisella tularensis, the agent of tularemia, is a gram-negative coccobacillus primarily pathogen for animals a... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23473220",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21607086",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26189939",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18304778",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21687806",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25494920",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26189939",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 141,
"text": "Francisella tularensis, the agent of tularemia, is a Gram-negative coccobacillus primarily pathogen for animals an... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=diseases_category",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:14239",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:13226",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4244019",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/meta... | [
{
"o": "Tularemia",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0041351"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18613230",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resour... | 58f4b9d470f9fc6f0f000016 |
factoid | Which method is used for prediction of novel microRNA genes in cancer-associated genomic regions? | ['SSCprofiler'] | ['SSCprofiler is a computational tool utilizing a probabilistic method based on Profile Hidden Markov Models to predict novel miRNA precursors. Via the simultaneous integration of biological features such as sequence, structure and conservation, SSCprofiler achieves a performance accuracy of 88.95% sensitivity and 84.1... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19324892"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19324892",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 425,
"offsetInEndSection": 1429,
"text": " In this work we present a new computational tool (SSCprofiler) utilizing a probabilistic method based on Profi... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D035683"
] | null | 5895f18ce370baff39000001 |
factoid | How many times is CLAST faster than BLAST? | ['80.8 times', '80.8'] | ['was capable of identifying sequence similarities ~80.8 times faster than blast and 9.6 times faster than blat . ', 'CLAST was capable of identifying sequence similarities ~80.8 times faster than BLAST and 9.6 times faster than BLAT', 'clast was capable of identifying sequence similarities ~80.8 times faster than blas... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25495907"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25495907",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 920,
"offsetInEndSection": 1035,
"text": "CLAST was capable of identifying sequence similarities ~80.8 times faster than BLAST and 9.6 times faster than ... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58f6295a70f9fc6f0f000019 |
factoid | From which cell type is leptin secreted? | ['adipocytes'] | ['leptin is mainly produced and secreted by adipocytes, but other tissues and gastric glands have also recently been shown to produce it in a dual (endocrine and exocrine) mode.', ' Although leptin is produced mainly by white adipose tissue, several laboratories have shown low levels of leptin production by a growing n... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12242022",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11606782",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23376443",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22692856",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10443698",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12448771",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11824506",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 192,
"offsetInEndSection": 387,
"text": " Although leptin is produced mainly by white adipose tissue, several laboratories have shown low levels of lepti... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | null | null | 58ee0dd5eda5a57672000013 |
factoid | Which tool is used for the identification of recurrent variants in noncoding regions? | ['LARVA'] | ['LARVA is an integrative framework for large-scale analysis of recurrent variants in noncoding annotations. It integrates variants with a comprehensive set of noncoding functional elements, modeling the mutation counts of the elements with a β-binomial distribution to handle overdispersion. LARVA, moreover, uses regio... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26304545"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26304545",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 104,
"text": "LARVA: an integrative framework for large-scale analysis of recurrent variants in noncoding annotations."
},
{
"... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000071184",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012045"
] | null | 589635dd78275d0c4a000009 |
factoid | What body parts are also known as phalanges? | ['bones of the digits, fingers or toes'] | ['The anatomical structure of each finger is comprised of four phalanges (distal, middle, proximal, and metacarpal phalange). Toes are also known as phalages'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19700363",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22250842",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2187446",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24486016",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16965880"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24486016",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 57,
"text": "Metacarpal and phalangeal fractures of the long fingers a"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document":... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D050278",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D050277"
] | null | 58f3c62970f9fc6f0f00000b |
factoid | Which disease is treated with lucinactant? | ['respiratory distress syndrome'] | ['Lucinactant us used for the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15813666",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18822258",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22791092",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16896079",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23473590",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16452346",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23473590",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 85,
"text": "Lucinactant for the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants."
},
{
"beginSection": "abst... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4002240",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004194",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4"
] | [
{
"o": "lucinactant",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1609686"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A20633234",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/reso... | 5896271178275d0c4a000004 |
factoid | Which enzyme is inhibited by ixazomib? | ['proteasome'] | ['Ixazomib is proteasome inhibitor. It is used for treatment of multiple myeloma.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27119237",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26667773",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27121262",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26846321",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25377318",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26988986",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27261328",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 144,
"offsetInEndSection": 492,
"text": "Over the past decade, MM therapy is significantly improved by the introduction of novel therapeutics such as imm... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004791"
] | null | 589630f378275d0c4a000007 |
factoid | Hy's law measures failure for what organ? | ['liver'] | ["Hy's law correlates enzyme elevations with liver injury ad subsequent failure."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24203912",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26116527",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23874514",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22928730",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24704526",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26159259",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26116527",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 169,
"offsetInEndSection": 420,
"text": " Hy's Law of drug-induced hepatocellular jaundice causing a case-fatality rate or need for transplant of 10% or ... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D065290",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2044",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056486",
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find... | null | 58f4b25e70f9fc6f0f000011 |
factoid | Which R package could be used for the identification of pediatric brain tumors? | ['MethPed'] | ['MethPed', 'The MethPed R package efficiently classifies pediatric brain tumors using the developed MethPed classifier. MethPed is available via Bioconductor: http://bioconductor.org/packages/MethPed/', 'The MethPed classifier, which is a multiclass random forest algorithm, based on DNA methylation profiles from many ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27370569"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27370569",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 78,
"text": "MethPed: an R package for the identification of pediatric brain tumor subtypes"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010372"
] | [
{
"o": "childhood brain tumor",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0220603"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A4343117",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedat... | 587e2300fc7e8dd84f000004 |
factoid | What is the role of TAD protein domain? | ['transcription activation domain', 'transactivation domain', 'trans-activating domain'] | ['TAD domain is a transcription activation domain found in transcription factors.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26537679",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17404593",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332356",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27196604",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9826771",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27713878",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27713878",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 367,
"offsetInEndSection": 567,
"text": " Thus, nuclear ERK5 activates transcription factors by either direct phosphorylation or acting as co-activator t... | 6 | BioASQ-training6b | [
"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2017/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012380"
] | [
{
"o": "TAD",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0280090"
}
] | 58dcb47c8acda34529000020 |
factoid | What is the administration route of IVIG in Alzheimer's disease patients? | ['Intravenous'] | ['IVIG is administered intravenously.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24760109"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24760109",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1,
"offsetInEndSection": 138,
"text": "ntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment exerts antioxidant and neuropreservatory effects in preclinical models of Alz... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a7d51dafaa1ab7d2e000017 |
factoid | What is measured through the NOMe-Seq methodology? | ['Nucleosome positioning and DNA methylation'] | ['We have developed a method (NOMe-seq) that uses a GpC methyltransferase (M.CviPI) and next generation sequencing to generate a high resolution footprint of nucleosome positioning genome-wide using less than 1 million cells while retaining endogenous DNA methylation information from the same DNA strand. DNaseI-seq and... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26484155",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28222791",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22960375",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27899623",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25747664",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24916973",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21835883",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 783,
"offsetInEndSection": 1081,
"text": "Using Nucleosome Occupancy Methylome- Sequencing, NOMe-Seq, a single-molecule, high-resolution nucleosome posit... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a43a139966455904c000008 |
factoid | Do origins of replication close to yeast centromeres fire early or late? | ['Early'] | ['Epigenetically-inherited centromere and neocentromere DNA replicates earliest in S-phase we discovered that each centromere is associated with a replication origin that is the first to fire on its respective chromosome.', 'In yeast each centromere is associated with a replication origin that is the first to fire on i... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22589733",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23355306",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20808889",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8458255",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10408447",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2644653",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20808889",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 88,
"text": "Epigenetically-inherited centromere and neocentromere DNA replicates earliest in S-phase"
},
{
"beginSection": "a... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 58eb99f3eda5a57672000009 |
factoid | How many genes constitute the DosR regulon, controlled by the dormancy survival regulator (DosR) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis? | ['48 genes'] | ['The Mycobacterium dormancy survival regulator (DosR) regulon is composed of 48 co-regulated genes.', 'During this phase, at least 48 genes, collectively named Dormancy survival regulator (DosR) regulon, are important for the long-term survival of bacilli under a non-respiring state, a condition that bacilli encounter... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22833514",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21653552",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19553548",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23651670",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18294384",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17502400",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23651670",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 185,
"offsetInEndSection": 431,
"text": "During this phase, at least 48 genes, collectively named Dormancy survival regulator (DosR) regulon, are importa... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 58edf567eda5a57672000011 |
factoid | Which algorithm is available for computing minimal absent words using external memory? | ['emMAW'] | ['emMAW', 'emMAW is the first external-memory algorithm for computing minimal absent words. A free open-source implementation of this algorithm is available. This implementation requires less than 3\u2009h on a standard workstation to process the full human genome when as little as 1\u2009GB of RAM is made available.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28407038"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28407038",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 57,
"text": "emMAW: computing minimal absent words in external memory."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a6a3335b750ff4455000025 |
factoid | Which type of urinary incontinence is diagnosed with the Q tip test? | ['stress urinary incontinence'] | ['Stress urinary incontinence is diagnosed with the Q tip test. The test evaluates urethral mobility.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3056562",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25315465",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23266205",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2724231",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3585870",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25134295",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25966437",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 194,
"offsetInEndSection": 460,
"text": "STUDY DESIGN: 141 women who agreed to undergo midurethral sling operations due to stress urinary incontinence wi... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D014549"
] | null | 5a67b2f7b750ff445500000f |
factoid | How many Groucho-related genes (GRG) are contained in the mouse genome? | ['four', '4'] | ['It spans approximately 7 kb on chromosome 10 and consists of seven exons. The groucho-related genes (Grg) of the mouse comprise at least four family members.', 'The groucho-related genes of the mouse comprise at least four family members. The Grg gene encodes a 197 amino acid protein homologous to the amino-terminal... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8989517",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8955148",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7916324",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8867791",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8573724",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8892234",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7916324",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 165,
"offsetInEndSection": 304,
"text": " We describe here the genomic organization of the mouse Grg gene. It spans approximately 7 kb on chromosome 10 an... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 593ff22b70f9fc6f0f000023 |
factoid | What is a coligo? | ['circularized oligodeoxynucleotides'] | ['Coligos are circularized oligodeoxynucleotides'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25764216",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27593562"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27593562",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 42,
"text": "Circularized oligonucleotides, or coligos,"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.nc... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a87ea1861bb38fb2400000d |
factoid | Which algorithm is used by the UCSC Genome Browser? | ['Genome hashing'] | ['The UCSC Genome Browser organizes data and annotations (called tracks) around the reference sequences or draft assemblies of many eukaryotic genomes and presents them using a powerful web-based graphical interface. The database is optimized to support fast interactive performance with the web-based UCSC Genome Browse... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22908213",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22080555",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24984850",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23255150",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18428780",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27574198",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27574198",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 578,
"offsetInEndSection": 792,
"text": "The UCSC Genome Browser organizes data and annotations (called tracks) around the reference sequences or draft a... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 590af75d70f9fc6f0f00001c |
factoid | Which aminoacid position in the human CREB protein is phosphorylated? | ['Ser133'] | ['pCREB is phosphorylated at its Serine 133.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27480489",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28185187"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28185187",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 501,
"offsetInEndSection": 533,
"text": " pCREB(Ser133) as a model system"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a8941c5bc7bade53a000002 |
factoid | Which gene is the paralog of yeast UPC2? | ['Ecm22'] | ['the related transcription factors Ecm22 and Upc2 play a crucial role in Saccharomyces cerevisiae filamentation.', 'Here, we examine the role of the related transcription factors Ecm22 and Upc2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae filamentation. The zinc cluster proteins Upc2 and Ecm22 promote filamentation in Saccharomyces ce... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21980509",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28986257",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24453983",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10073572",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18487346",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1885560",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26448198",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 185,
"offsetInEndSection": 305,
"text": "Here, we examine the role of the related transcription factors Ecm22 and Upc2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae filame... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 590c74d170f9fc6f0f00001e |
factoid | Where is the enzyme PM20D1 localized? | ['UCP1+ adipocytes'] | ['PM20D1 is enriched in UCP1+ adipocytes'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27374330",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27378359"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27374330",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 215,
"offsetInEndSection": 343,
"text": "we identify a secreted enzyme, peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), that is enriched in UCP1(+) versus UC... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a89800efcd1d6a10c00000c |
factoid | Which test is used to diagnose colour synesthesia? | ['Stroop Test'] | ['A standardized test battery for the study of synesthesia. We used synesthetic versions of the Stroop test with colored letters and numbers presented either in the right or the left visual field of thirty-four synesthetes. Assessment of the hemispheric lateralization of grapheme-color synesthesia with Stroop-type test... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16919755",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22512712",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23458658",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25793307"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16919755",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 920,
"offsetInEndSection": 1234,
"text": "To remedy this deficit we have devised the Synesthesia Battery. This unified collection of tests is freely acce... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a3e8683966455904c000007 |
factoid | How does increased GDF15 affect body weight? | ['Reduces body weight'] | ['In humans, elevated GDF15 correlates with weight loss, and the administration of GDF15 to mice with obesity reduces body weight, at least in part, by decreasing food intake.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28846097"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28846097",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 166,
"offsetInEndSection": 606,
"text": "In humans, elevated GDF15 correlates with weight loss, and the administration of GDF15 to mice with obesity redu... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a7d5ce0faa1ab7d2e00001b |
factoid | What is inhibited by a drug rilotumumab? | ['hepatocyte growth factor'] | ['Rilotumumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that selectively targets the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). It is used for treatment of cancer.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27568322",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28472537",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28280216",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27966237",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28958504",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28209746",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27568322",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1123,
"offsetInEndSection": 1344,
"text": "The hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) was targeted in untreated patients in a phase III trial with MoAb ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a7617b183b0d9ea66000022 |
factoid | Which RNA polymerase II subunit carries RNA cleavage activity? | ['TFIIS'] | ['The eukaryotic transcription factor TFIIS enhances elongation and nascent transcript cleavage activities of RNA polymerase II in a stalled elongation complex.', 'The eukaryotic transcription factor TFIIS enhances elongation and nascent transcript cleavage activities of RNA polymerase II in a stalled elongation comple... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12692127",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9869639",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21450810",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26929337",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8636112",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17535246",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26929337",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 851,
"offsetInEndSection": 1014,
"text": "In contrast, Pol II is fully protected through association with the cleavage stimulatory factor TFIIS, which en... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a4df811966455904c00000e |
factoid | How many PML isoforms exist in the human genome? | ['7, designated I to VII', 'I-VII'] | ['PML, the organizer of nuclear bodies (NBs), is expressed in several isoforms designated PMLI to VII which differ in their C-terminal region due to alternative splicing of a single gene.', 'The PML isoforms that are most sensitive to virus infection correspond closely to those which have recently been identified as be... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23028697",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15107834",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25772236",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21172801",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24190887",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9658103",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9658103",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 928,
"offsetInEndSection": 1091,
"text": "The PML isoforms that are most sensitive to virus infection correspond closely to those which have recently been... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 593fe5c270f9fc6f0f000021 |
factoid | Which receptor does GDF15 bind? | ['GDNF family receptor α-like (GFRAL)'] | ['GDF15 binds specifically to GDNF family receptor α-like (GFRAL)'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28846099"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28846099",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 91,
"text": "GFRAL is the receptor for GDF15 and is required for the anti-obesity effects of the ligand."
},
{
"beginSection":... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a7d6287faa1ab7d2e00001c |
factoid | How many of the human PML isoforms are cytosolic? | ['3', 'three'] | ['Using a system in which only a single EYFP-linked PML isoform is expressed, we demonstrate that PMLI, PMLII and PMLVI accumulate in the cytoplasm following arsenic treatment, whereas PMLIII, PMLIV and PMLV do not the PML isoforms that are most sensitive to virus infection correspond closely to those which have recent... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9658103",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24190887"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24190887",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 444,
"offsetInEndSection": 656,
"text": "Using a system in which only a single EYFP-linked PML isoform is expressed, we demonstrate that PMLI, PMLII and ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 593fe7f970f9fc6f0f000022 |
factoid | What does davunetide do to microtubules? | ['Stabilizes', 'Protects'] | ['Davunetide or NAP is a microtubule-stabilizer.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24210139"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24210139",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 127,
"text": "Microtubule-stabilizing peptides and small molecules protecting axonal transport and brain function: focus on davunetide... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a7d4721faa1ab7d2e000012 |
factoid | Which method for subsampling of NGS reads requires only gene counts? | ['subSeq'] | ['SamExploreR : exploring reproducibility and robustness of RNA-seq results based on SAM files.We introduce the subseq r package, which uses a novel efficient approach to perform this subsampling and to calculate informative metrics at each depth required to inform a broad range of functional and evolutionary studies.O... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18818371",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26830453",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27402900",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24192834",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25189781",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23056304"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18818371",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1178,
"offsetInEndSection": 1437,
"text": "Our methods are broadly applicable for polymorphism discovery in moderate to large genomes even at highly dive... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a39453d966455904c000006 |
factoid | Which topoisomerase is essential in yeast? | ['topoisomerase II', 'topo II'] | ['Eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase II is an abundant nuclear enzyme that is essential for cell proliferation. Yeast DNA topoisomerase II is encoded by a single-copy, essential gene.', 'Yeast DNA topoisomerase II is encoded by a single-copy, essential gene. Disruption of one copy of the gene in a diploid yeast creates a rec... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16651657",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23935120",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7932731",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2840207",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1332607",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18570880",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6323017",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 71,
"text": "Yeast DNA topoisomerase II is encoded by a single-copy, essential gene."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"doc... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a4e50b242878bf97d000001 |
factoid | What is the genetic basis of Ohdo syndrome? | ['mutations in MED12'] | ['MED12 cause X-linked Ohdo syndromeIn', 'Mutations in MED12 cause X-linked Ohdo syndrome', 'Mutations in MED12 cause X-linked Ohdo syndrome The occurrence of three different hemizygous missense mutations in three unrelated families affected by Ohdo syndrome MKB type shows that mutations in MED12 are the underlying cau... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24123922",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18798845",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26338144",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24039113",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24715367",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23395478"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23395478",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 47,
"text": "Mutations in MED12 cause X-linked Ohdo syndrome"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncb... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 58f89eb270f9fc6f0f00001a |
factoid | Which main ribotype of Clostridium difficile is responsible of the recent outbreak? | ['Ribotype 027'] | ['The outbreak of the hypervirulent strain belonging to ribotype 027 has increased the incidence and severity of CDI in some countries.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27751937",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28169013",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26341328",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27411304",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28592343",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28782647",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28169013",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 113,
"offsetInEndSection": 248,
"text": " From May 2013 to May 2014, an outbreak of C. difficile ribotype 027 occurred in a Dutch tertiary care hospital,... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a87d73861bb38fb2400000b |
factoid | Which R/Bioconductor package has been developed for the analysis of psychiatric disease genes? | ['Psygenet2r'] | ["PsyGeNET is a knowledge resource on psychiatric diseases and their genes, developed by text mining and curated by domain experts. Psygenet2r is an R package that contains a variety of functions for leveraging PsyGeNET database and facilitating its analysis and interpretation. The package offers different types of que... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28961763"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28961763",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 83,
"text": "psygenet2r: a R/Bioconductor package for the analysis of psychiatric disease genes."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstra... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a6e2b1bb750ff445500003e |
factoid | Which Janus kinase does decernotinib target? | ['Janus kinase 3 (JAK3)'] | ['Decernotinib (VX-509) is a potent and selective inhibitor of janus kinase 3 (JAK3).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25762693"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25762693",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 506,
"offsetInEndSection": 869,
"text": "The aim of this study was to evaluate the potency and selectivity of the investigational JAK3 inhibitor VX-509 (... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a7610af83b0d9ea6600001a |
factoid | What is the function of the gene MDA5? | ['Sensing of non-self RNAs, especially viral RNA'] | ['Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) is a pattern recognition receptor that recognizes cytoplasmic viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and initiates rapid innate antiviral responses. MDA5 forms a filament-like multimer along the dsRNA leading to oligomerization, which in turn activates the adaptor protein ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28530548",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29117565",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28250012",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29069650",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28374903"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28250012",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 144,
"text": "Sensing of viral RNA by the cytosolic receptors RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) leads ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a88370c61bb38fb24000014 |
factoid | Which is the conserved motif of DEAD box proteins? | ['Asp(D)-Glu-(E)-Ala(A)-Asp(D)'] | ['The conserved motif is: Asp(D)-Glu-(E)-Ala(A)-Asp(D)'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7731693"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7731693",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 322,
"text": "DEAD box proteins are putative RNA helicases that have been implicated in cellular processes involving alteration o... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a885daa61bb38fb24000018 |
factoid | Which individuals show preferential colonization of the Prevotellaceae bacteria in their guts? | ['members of agrarian societies'] | ['Although the distinction of enterotypes as either discrete clusters or a continuum will require additional investigation, numerous studies have demonstrated the co-exclusion of the closely related Prevotellaceae and Bacteroides genera in the gut microbiota of healthy human subjects where Prevotella appears to be a di... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26216344",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19567577",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19164560",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26207384",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21408168",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25864056",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27570628",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 138,
"offsetInEndSection": 244,
"text": "a new member of the Prevotellaceae family that was isolated from stool samples from a 45-year-old patient."
},... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 58ee2515eda5a57672000016 |
factoid | Which drug can be reversed with idarucizumab? | ['dabigatran'] | ['Idarucizumab is an antibody fragment that specifically reverses dabigatran mediated anticoagulation.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25899749",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28416406",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27727040",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27920714",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27625113",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26872887",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27215215",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 774,
"offsetInEndSection": 918,
"text": "So far only one reversal agent has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), idarucizumab for one... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a7237672dc08e987e000008 |
factoid | What is the function of the TMEM132 genes? | ['Cellular adhesion function'] | ['The extra-cellular portions of TMEM132 proteins contain five conserved domains including three tandem immunoglobulin domains, and a cohesin domain homologue, the first such domain found in animals. These findings strongly predict a cellular adhesion function for TMEM132 family, connecting the extracellular medium wit... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29088312"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29088312",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 120,
"text": "TMEM132: an ancient architecture of cohesin and immunoglobulin domains define a new family of neural adhesion molecules.... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a6e472ab750ff4455000048 |
factoid | Which retinal dystrophy related gene is targeted by the AAV2-hRPE65v2 drug? | ['RPE65'] | ['AAV2-hRPE65v2, also called voretigene neparvovec, targets the RPE65 gene, whose mutations lead to retinal dystrophy.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28712537"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28712537",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 2506,
"offsetInEndSection": 2651,
"text": "Voretigene neparvovec gene replacement improved functional vision in RPE65-mediated inherited retinal dystroph... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a74b1730384be9551000007 |
factoid | What is the name of the RNAi investigational drug being developed against hereditary amyloidosis? | ['Patisiran'] | ['Patisiran.', 'The investigational RNAi drug in development for the treatment of hereditary amyloidosis is patisiran.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28893208"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28893208",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 12,
"offsetInEndSection": 240,
"text": "Patisiran is an investigational RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutic in development for the treatment of hereditar... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a735b383b9d13c708000002 |
factoid | What causes "Puffy hand syndrome"? | ['intravenous drug abuse'] | ['Puffy hand syndrome is a complication of intravenous drug abuse.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15529083",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11195858",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18299911",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23856549",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19216010",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17072191",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27269656",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 209,
"text": "Intravenous drug addiction is responsible for many complications, especially cutaneous and infectious. There is a ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a7346662dc08e987e00001a |
factoid | Which virus can be diagnosed with the monospot test? | ['Epstein-Barr virus'] | ['Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can be detected with the monospot test. EBV is a highly prevalent virus, transmitted via saliva, which often causes asymptomatic infection in children but frequently results in infectious mononucleosis in adolescents.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28130396",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11369969",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1295944",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22123662",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24650116",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21045362",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28130396",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 420,
"text": "Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a highly prevalent virus, transmitted via saliva, which often causes asymptomatic infe... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009597",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D003933",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D014780"
] | null | 5a690487b750ff445500001f |
factoid | Which bacteria causes erythrasma? | ['Corynebacterium minutissimum'] | ['Corynebacterium minutissimum is the bacteria that leads to cutaneous eruptions of erythrasma and is the most common cause of interdigital foot infections.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8469500",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18558055",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16719870",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25477907",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21977942",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12010076",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25477907",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 115,
"offsetInEndSection": 206,
"text": "Erythrasma caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum can be confused with superficial mycoses."
},
{
"begin... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D004894",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4131",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D001419"
] | null | 5a68f448b750ff4455000018 |
factoid | Mutations in which gene cause Schimke immune-osseous dysplasia? | ['SMARCAL1 (SWI/SNF Related, Matrix Associated, Actin Dependent Regulator Of Chromatin, Subfamily A-Like 1)', 'HARP'] | ['SMARCAL1, also known as HARP, is an ATP-dependent annealing helicase that stabilizes replication forks during DNA damage. Mutations in this gene are the cause of Schimke immune-osseous dysplasia, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by T-cell immunodeficiency and growth dysfunctions. ', 'Mutations in this ge... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28623093",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25748404",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16237566",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799392",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18520775",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23359635",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28623093",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 397,
"text": "SMARCAL1 (SWI/SNF Related, Matrix Associated, Actin Dependent Regulator Of Chromatin, Subfamily A-Like 1), also kn... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0060490"
] | null | 5a6e4d22b750ff445500004d |
factoid | What is the most common histological diagnosis of "butterfly glioma"? | ['glioblastoma multiforme'] | ['Butterfly glioma is glioblastoma multiforme invading corpus callosum .'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27521725",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17854667",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27458589",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1656290",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28361164",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9452242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28361164",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 37,
"offsetInEndSection": 101,
"text": "Corpus callosum glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): butterfly glioma."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"documen... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D003933"
] | null | 5a7234352dc08e987e000007 |
factoid | Which workflow in Bioconductor has been developed for accessing human RNA-seq samples? | ['recount2'] | ['The recount2 resource is composed of over 70,000 uniformly processed human RNA-seq samples spanning TCGA and SRA, including GTEx.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29043067"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29043067",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 80,
"text": "recount workflow: Accessing over 70,000 human RNA-seq samples with Bioconductor."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract"... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a6e24a5b750ff445500003c |
factoid | What is the preferred orientation of CTCF binding sites for chromatin looping? | ['convergent', 'Convergent orientation'] | ['chromatin loops preferentially form between CTCF binding sites oriented in a convergent manner. CTCF sites at loop anchors occur predominantly (>90%) in a convergent orientation, with the asymmetric motifs "facing" one another.', 'As recently reported, our data also suggest that chromatin loops preferentially form be... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26276636",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26499245",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26527277",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27940490",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28536180",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25497547"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28536180",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 126,
"offsetInEndSection": 236,
"text": "Recent reports have suggested that CTCF binding is more dynamic during development than previously appreciated"
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a895f51fcd1d6a10c000004 |
factoid | How many amino acids does davunetide consist of? | ['eight'] | ['Davunetide or NAP is an eight amino acid peptide.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25505609"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25505609",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 370,
"offsetInEndSection": 600,
"text": "We have assessed the effects of NAP (davunetide), an eight-amino acid peptide that decreases tau hyperphosphoryl... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a7d4e9afaa1ab7d2e000013 |
factoid | What protein is the most common cause of hereditary renal amyloidosis? | ['Fibrinogen A Alpha protein'] | ['The most common cause of hereditary renal amyloidosis is over expression of a mutant form of the Fibrinogen A Alpha protein'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9389696",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19073821",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19013120",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8097946",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26299174",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15523923",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29142973",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 15,
"offsetInEndSection": 227,
"text": "ibrinogen A alpha chain amyloidosis is an autosomal dominant disease associated with mutations in the fibrinogen ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D028226",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D000686"
] | null | 5a6a02a3b750ff4455000021 |
factoid | With which cancers has the loss of SMARCB1 been associated? | ['chordomas', 'childhood chordomas', 'infantile chordomas', 'CCs'] | ['Genotyping cancer-associated genes in chordoma identifies mutations in oncogenes and areas of chromosomal loss involving CDKN2A, PTEN, and SMARCB1 Loss of SMARCB1/INI1 expression is considered to be a hallmark for childhood chordomas (CCs)', 'We therefore sought to identify novel mutations to better understand chordo... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28825187",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28427232",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27635948",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24983247",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28812319"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24983247",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 71,
"offsetInEndSection": 204,
"text": "We therefore sought to identify novel mutations to better understand chordoma biology and to potentially identify... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a86f074faa1ab7d2e00003a |
factoid | What is the mode of action of the drug Prolia? | ['Anti-RANKL antibody which prevents bone catabolism in osteoporosis'] | ['Prolia, also known as denosumab is an anti-RANKL agent for the treatment of osteoporosis. It works by preventing the development of osteoclasts which are cells that break down bone.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19836866",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25509894",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22023901"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19836866",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 231,
"offsetInEndSection": 464,
"text": "Recently anti-RANKL agents (receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand) such as denosumab (Prolia, Amgen... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D000069448"
] | null | 5a70ce82b750ff4455000065 |
factoid | Which disease risk can be estimated with the Stop-Bang questionnaire? | ['obstructive sleep apnea'] | ['Stop-Bang questionnaire is used to predict risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24917451",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25758298",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27610133",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28207464",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27886561",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25926368",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28077252",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 227,
"text": "STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether adding the item of \"apple body type\" to the STOP-B... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a742d620384be9551000002 |
factoid | Which siRNA based drug is in clinical trials for the treatment of pancreatic cancer? | ['siG12D-LODERTM'] | ['siG12D-LODERTM has been tested in a phase 1/2a clinical trial of patients with pancreatic cancer.', 'siG12D-LODER™'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26009994",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27147553"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26009994",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1308,
"offsetInEndSection": 1442,
"text": "The combination of siG12D-LODER™ and chemotherapy is well tolerated, safe and demonstrated a potential efficac... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a74a8a70384be9551000005 |
factoid | Which R/Bioconductor package has been developed for cancer subtype identification? | ['CancerSubtypes'] | ['Identifying molecular cancer subtypes from multi-omics data is an important step in the personalized medicine. CancerSubtypes is an R/Bioconductor package for molecular cancer subtype identification, validation and visualization. CancerSubtypes integrates four main computational methods which are highly cited for can... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28605519"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28605519",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 116,
"text": "CancerSubtypes: an R/Bioconductor package for molecular cancer subtype identification, validation and visualization."
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a6e3155b750ff445500003f |
factoid | What gene is mutated in Familial Mediterranean Fever? | ['MEFV gene'] | ['The MEFV gene which encodes the pyrin protein is mutated in Familial Mediterranean Fever(FMF).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21358337",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28040706",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18219832",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24702757",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23844200",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14636645",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25393764",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 164,
"text": "Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is caused by mutations in the MEFV gene and the spectrum of mutations among Gre... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D028226",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2987",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D010505"
] | null | 5a6e42f1b750ff4455000046 |
factoid | Which R/bioconductor package has been developed to aid in epigenomic analysis? | ['DeepBlueR'] | ['DeepBlueR is a package that allows for large-scale epigenomic analysis in R.', 'DeepBlueR'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28334349"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28334349",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 48,
"text": "DeepBlueR: large-scale epigenomic analysis in R."
},
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D057890"
] | null | 5a6e354fb750ff4455000042 |
factoid | Centor criteria are used for which disease? | ['streptococcal pharyngitis'] | ['Centor criteria were developed to diagnose streptococcal pharyngitis.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27618925",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11719744",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26934845",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23613571",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19054454",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26141740",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29045629",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 292,
"offsetInEndSection": 486,
"text": "Methods: MEDLINE was searched for prospective studies that reported throat culture for both GAS and non-GAS as a... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a6f960fb750ff445500005c |
factoid | What is a potential side effect for Tymlos? | ['Osteosarcoma'] | ['Possible bone cancer (osteosarcoma). During animal drug testing, TYMLOS caused some rats to develop a bone cancer called osteosarcoma.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28389324",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28624872"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28389324",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1220,
"offsetInEndSection": 1403,
"text": "Thus, near life-long treatment with abaloparatide in rats resulted in dose and time dependent formation of ost... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D064420",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D000069451"
] | null | 5a551a8fb750ff4455000002 |
factoid | Which disorder has been approved for treatment with Alk inhibitors? | ['ALK-positive lung cancer'] | ['Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement is detected in 3-7% of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Crizotinib is an ALK inhibitor, which was approved in 2011 for the treatment of ALK-positive lung cancer.', 'Crizotinib was approved to treat anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small cell lung ca... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28669346",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27707887",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27865624",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28054318",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27545320",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27498387",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27498387",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 14,
"offsetInEndSection": 144,
"text": "Alectinib and crizotinib have been approved for the therapy of NSCLC caused by anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (A... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a87f44061bb38fb2400000f |
factoid | Which algorithm has been developed in order to improve multiple circular sequence alignment using refined sequences? | ['MARS'] | ['MARS improves multiple circular sequence alignment using refined sequences. MARS was implemented in the C++ programming language as a program to compute the rotations (cyclic shifts) required to best align a set of input sequences. Experimental results, using real and synthetic data, show that MARS improves the align... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28088189"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28088189",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 77,
"text": "MARS: improving multiple circular sequence alignment using refined sequences."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a6a3464b750ff4455000026 |
factoid | Which stapled peptide has been designed to target Ctf4? | ['The stapled Sld5 peptide'] | ['The stapled Sld5 peptide was able to displace the Ctf4 partner DNA polymerase\u2005α from the replisome in yeast extracts.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28815832"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28815832",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 156,
"offsetInEndSection": 999,
"text": "The Ctf4/AND-1 protein hub, which links DNA replication, repair, and chromosome segregation, represents a novel ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D010455",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4265011"
] | null | 5a6d08d5b750ff445500002c |
factoid | Mutation of which gene causes arterial tortuosity syndrome? | ['SLC2A10'] | ['Arterial tortuosity syndrome is an autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in SLC2A10, which encodes facilitative glucose transporter 10 (GLUT10).'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25373504",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28726533",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22116938",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26376865",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26398550"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28726533",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 185,
"offsetInEndSection": 282,
"text": "Mutations in SLC2A10, a gene that encodes the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT10, cause ATS."
},
{
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a70d42899e2c3af26000002 |
factoid | Fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici. is a plant pathogen in plants producing what common food? | ['Tomato'] | ['Fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici.produces causes vascular wilt disease in tomatoes.', 'Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici (Fol) is one of the main diseases affecting tomatoes. '] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17022176",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16042017",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28683401",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9237400",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18624637",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23997634",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26810104",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 120,
"text": "The Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum strains is the most devastating disease of cucumber, banana, and to... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a8b1264fcd1d6a10c00001d |
factoid | Glecaprevir and Pibrentasvir are used for tratment of which disease? | ['Hepatitis C virus infection'] | ['The combination of direct-acting antivirals glecaprevir and pibrentasvir is effective for treatment of Hepatitis C virus infection.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28929412",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28412293",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28807904",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28688001",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29020583",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28480743",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28128852",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 129,
"text": "Glecaprevir and pibrentasvir for 12 weeks for hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection and prior direct-acting antiviral t... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a70e4b399e2c3af26000008 |
factoid | What is the drug target(s) for Belsomra? | ['orexin recptors'] | ['Belsomra is a dual orexin receptor antagonist for both the Ox1 and Ox2 receptors'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27390287",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25227290",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28012090",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25336862",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28035034",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28365447",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27825624",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 215,
"text": "Suvorexant (Belsomra®) is a novel sedative hypnotic drug that is prescribed to promote sleep in patients with inso... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D000068797"
] | null | 5a777ab9faa1ab7d2e00000a |
factoid | Silent Allosteric Modulation of mGluR5 is a form of treatment for what disease? | ["Alzheimer's disease"] | ['silent allosteric modulation of mGluR5 has promise as a disease-modifying AD intervention with a broad therapeutic window. ', 'silent allosteric modulation of mGluR5 has promise as a disease-modifying AD intervention with a broad therapeutic window.', "Silent allosteric modulation of mGluR5 has promise as a disease-m... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28683325",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25148681"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28683325",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 931,
"offsetInEndSection": 1053,
"text": "silent allosteric modulation of mGluR5 has promise as a disease-modifying AD intervention with a broad therapeu... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a8715a961bb38fb24000006 |
factoid | What are check point inhibitors? | ['monoclonal antibody drugs that regulate the immune response to cancer'] | ['Immune checkpoint blocking monoclonal antibodies are heralded as a promising therapeutic approach in clinical oncology. These mAbs do not directly attack the malignant cells as most anticancer mAbs; rather, they enhance the anti-tumor response of the immune system by targeting immune regulatory pathways.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24485523",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27403706",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28363334",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26942589",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27528363",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28878676",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28363334",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 489,
"offsetInEndSection": 795,
"text": " Immune checkpoint blocking monoclonal antibodies are heralded as a promising therapeutic approach in clinical o... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a8718c861bb38fb24000008 |
factoid | Which data simulator is available for CLIP-SEQ experiments? | ['Cseq-Simulator'] | ['CLIP-Seq protocols such as PAR-CLIP, HITS-CLIP or iCLIP allow a genome-wide analysis of protein-RNA interactions. For the processing of the resulting short read data, various tools are utilized. Some of these tools were specifically developed for CLIP-Seq data, whereas others were designed for the analysis of RNA-Seq... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26776207"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26776207",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 58,
"text": "CSEQ-SIMULATOR: A DATA SIMULATOR FOR CLIP-SEQ EXPERIMENTS."
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "htt... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D059014",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D017423"
] | null | 5a75f6e083b0d9ea66000009 |
factoid | Falciform ligament sign is characteristic to which disease? | ['pneumoperitoneum'] | ['The falciform ligament sign (gas outlining the falciform ligament) is characteristic to pneumoperitoneum due to intestinal perforation.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2003436",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15471663",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19716250",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17913427"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19716250",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 188,
"text": "What determines the periportal free air, and ligamentum teres and falciform ligament signs on CT: can these specific air... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a72329e2dc08e987e000006 |
factoid | In November 2017, in what phase was the clinical trial for the drug SYL040012? | ['Phase 3'] | ['SYL040012 is in phase 2 clinical trials'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28389707"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28389707",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 435,
"offsetInEndSection": 728,
"text": "This review addresses nine small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and one unique microRNA (miRNA) inhibitor, which ente... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a735cdc3b9d13c708000004 |
factoid | Which method has been developed for assignment of enhancers to target genes? | ['McEnhancer'] | ['While genomic assays can identify putative enhancers en masse, assigning target genes is a complex challenge. McEnhancer is a machine learning approach, which links target genes to putative enhancers via a semi-supervised learning algorithm that predicts gene expression patterns based on enriched sequence features. P... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29070071"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29070071",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 99,
"text": "McEnhancer: predicting gene expression via semi-supervised assignment of enhancers to target genes."
},
{
"beginS... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a6fa31ab750ff445500005e |
factoid | What disease is the ALK tyrosine kinase associated with? | ['cancer'] | ['The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, and many kinds of ALK fusion genes have been found in a variety of carcinomas'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28007627",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25870797",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27836576",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21213368",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26503946",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27179218",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27468968",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 114,
"text": "ALK positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a T-cell lymphoma usually occurring in children and young adults. I... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | null | null | 5a871a6861bb38fb24000009 |
factoid | CURB65 score is used for stratification of which disease? | ['pneumonia'] | ['CURB65 (confusion, urea, respiration, blood pressure; age>65\u2009years) is used for assessment of pneumonia severity.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26874956",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20920140",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16928720",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29161297",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21539743",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24931899",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28681972",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 1312,
"offsetInEndSection": 1503,
"text": "Severity assessment tools (e.g. CURB65) that are used to guide early management decisions in CAP have not been... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D004194"
] | null | 5a67ab79b750ff445500000b |
factoid | Which resource has been developed in order to study the transcriptional regulation of GABAergic cell fate? | ['Subpallial Enhancer Transgenic Lines'] | ['Subpallial Enhancer Transgenic Lines is a data and tool resource to study transcriptional regulation of GABAergic cell fate.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27710791"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27710791",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 122,
"text": "Subpallial Enhancer Transgenic Lines: a Data and Tool Resource to Study Transcriptional Regulation of GABAergic Cell Fat... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D050436"
] | null | 5a6d196db750ff4455000032 |
factoid | What is a SERM? | ['Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator'] | ['A SERM is a Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator.', 'selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM),', 'elective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM),', 'elective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM),. '] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26704594",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28372959",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15500393",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28131133",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16951470",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10819845",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27585851",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 26,
"offsetInEndSection": 70,
"text": "elective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM),"
},
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D020845",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D020847"
] | null | 5a74e9ad0384be955100000a |
factoid | Which resource contains accurate enhancer predictions in the developing limb? | ['Limb-Enhancer Genie (LEG)'] | ['Limb-Enhancer Genie (LEG) is a collection of highly accurate, genome-wide predictions of enhancers in the developing limb, available through a user-friendly online interface. Limb enhancers are predicted using a combination of >50 published limb-specific datasets and clusters of evolutionarily conserved transcription... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28827824"
] | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28827824",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 415,
"offsetInEndSection": 853,
"text": "Here we present the Limb-Enhancer Genie (LEG), a collection of highly accurate, genome-wide predictions of enhan... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D004742",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0060173",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0060174"
] | null | 5a6d1733b750ff4455000030 |
factoid | What is the first line treatment for sarcoidosis? | ['Corticosteroids'] | ['Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease that affects numerous organs, commonly manifesting at the lungs and skin. Corticosteroids remain the first line of treatment.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28696638",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27817209",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26419478",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16536004",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10719453",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17081481",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28056473",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 377,
"text": "Sarcoidosis represents a non-caseating, granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology whose clinical manifestation i... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D017565",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:11335",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:13406",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:13407",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D012507",
"http://www.disease-ontology.... | [
{
"o": "SARCOIDOSIS",
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/SARCOIDOSIS"
},
{
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/SARCOIDOSIS",
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword",
"s": "http://... | 5a7877c0faa1ab7d2e00000c |
factoid | Which personality disorder is treated using dialectical behavior therapy? | ['borderline personality disorder'] | ['Dialectical behavior therapy is an evidence-based psychosocial treatment with efficacy in reducing self-harm behaviors in borderline personality disorder.'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28119507",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20579633",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27399588",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27897326",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14608551",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27642799",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "title",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27091455",
"endSection": "title",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 114,
"text": "Neural correlates of distraction in borderline personality disorder before and after dialectical behavior therapy."
},... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1510",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D010554",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D001521"
] | null | 5a68f005b750ff4455000016 |
factoid | What cellular process are okazaki fragments associated with? | ['DNA replication'] | ['Okazaki fragments are involved in DNA replication'] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22918592",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/227871",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12861020",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19000038",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24035200",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9580686",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28301743",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 0,
"offsetInEndSection": 607,
"text": "This review focuses on the biogenesis and composition of the eukaryotic DNA replication fork, with an emphasis on ... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006273",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1903461",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:1903459"
] | null | 5a79d0b8faa1ab7d2e00000d |
factoid | Clue cells are characteristics to which causative bacteria of vaginitis? | ['Gardnerella vaginalis'] | ["Clue cells are characteristic to Gardnerella vaginalis vaginitis (bacterial vaginosis). Depopulation of lactobacilli from the normal vaginal flora and overgrowth of Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic species are the presumed etiology. The diagnosis is confirmed when at least three of the following four finding... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11025268",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18459549",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10948822",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20006195",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11845812",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22555524",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20949462",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 921,
"offsetInEndSection": 1030,
"text": "Most of these 290 smears contained clue cells (indicating Gardnerella infection) and a lack of lactobacilli. "
... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D014627",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2170"
] | null | 5a68f965b750ff445500001a |
factoid | Which disease is diagnosed using the Finkelstein's test? | ["de Quervain's disease"] | ["Finkelstein's test is the classic diagnostic test for de Quervain's disease."] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26645452",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19939537",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19588376",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12723309",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17059194",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23340762",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"beginSection": "abstract",
"document": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26645452",
"endSection": "abstract",
"offsetInBeginSection": 586,
"offsetInEndSection": 834,
"text": "The inclusion criteria were positive Finkelstein's test and no response to non-surgical treatment for 6 weeks. F... | 11 | BioASQ-training11b | [
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D004194",
"https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D003933"
] | null | 5a6900ebb750ff445500001d |
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