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susceptibility | Who is at risk for Atrial Fibrillation? ? | Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects millions of people, and the number is rising. Men are more likely than women to have the condition. In the United States, AF is more common among Whites than African Americans or Hispanic Americans.
The risk of AF increases as you age. This is mostly because your risk f... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Atrial Fibrillation ? | Atrial fibrillation (AF) usually causes the heart's lower chambers, the ventricles, to contract faster than normal.
When this happens, the ventricles can't completely fill with blood. Thus, they may not be able to pump enough blood to the lungs and body. This can lead to signs and symptoms, such as:
... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Atrial Fibrillation ? | Atrial fibrillation (AF) is diagnosed based on your medical and family histories, a physical exam, and the results from tests and procedures.
Sometimes AF doesn't cause signs or symptoms. Thus, it may be found during a physical exam or EKG (electrocardiogram) test done for another purpose.
... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Atrial Fibrillation ? | Treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF) depends on how often you have symptoms, how severe they are, and whether you already have heart disease. General treatment options include medicines, medical procedures, and lifestyle changes.
Goals of Treatment
The goals of treating AF include:
... |
prevention | How to prevent Atrial Fibrillation ? | Following a healthy lifestyle and taking steps to lower your risk for heart disease may help you prevent atrial fibrillation (AF). These steps include:
Following a heart healthy diet that's low in saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol. A healthy diet includes a variety of whole grains, fruits, and ... |
information | What is (are) Angina ? | Espaol
Angina (an-JI-nuh or AN-juh-nuh) is chest pain or discomfort that occurs if an area of your heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood.
Angina may feel like pressure or squeezing in your chest. The pain also can occur in your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back. Angina pa... |
causes | What causes Angina ? | Underlying Causes
Angina usually is a symptom of coronary heart disease (CHD). This means that the underlying causes of angina generally are the same as the underlying causes of CHD.
Research suggests that CHD starts when certain factors damage the inner layers of the coronary arteries... |
susceptibility | Who is at risk for Angina? ? | Angina is a symptom of an underlying heart problem. Its usually a symptom of coronary heart disease (CHD), but it also can be a symptom of coronary microvascular disease (MVD). So, if youre at risk for CHD or coronary MVD, youre also at risk for angina.
The major risk factors for CHD and coronary MVD i... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Angina ? | Pain and discomfort are the main symptoms of angina. Angina often is described as pressure, squeezing, burning, or tightness in the chest. The pain or discomfort usually starts behind the breastbone.
Pain from angina also can occur in the arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, throat, or back. The pain may feel l... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Angina ? | The most important issues to address when you go to the doctor with chest pain are:
What's causing the chest pain
Whether you're having or are about to have a heart attack
Angina is a symptom of an underlying heart problem, usually coronary heart disease (CHD). The typ... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Angina ? | Treatments for angina include lifestyle changes, medicines, medical procedures, cardiac rehabilitation (rehab), and other therapies. The main goals of treatment are to:
Reduce pain and discomfort and how often it occurs
Prevent or lower your risk for heart attack and death by treating ... |
prevention | How to prevent Angina ? | You can prevent or lower your risk for angina and heart disease by making lifestyle changes and treating related conditions.
Making Lifestyle Changes
Healthy lifestyle choices can help prevent or delay angina and heart disease. To adopt a healthy lifestyle, you can:
Qu... |
information | What is (are) Heart Murmur ? | A heart murmur is an extra or unusual sound heard during a heartbeat. Murmurs range from very faint to very loud. Sometimes they sound like a whooshing or swishing noise.
Normal heartbeats make a "lub-DUPP" or "lub-DUB" sound. This is the sound of the heart valves closing as blood moves through the hea... |
causes | What causes Heart Murmur ? | Innocent Heart Murmurs
Why some people have innocent heart murmurs and others do not isn't known. Innocent murmurs are simply sounds made by blood flowing through the heart's chambers and valves, or through blood vessels near the heart.
Extra blood flow through the heart also may cause... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Heart Murmur ? | People who have innocent (harmless) heart murmurs don't have any signs or symptoms other than the murmur itself. This is because innocent heart murmurs aren't caused by heart problems.
People who have abnormal heart murmurs may have signs or symptoms of the heart problems causing the murmurs. These sig... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Heart Murmur ? | Doctors use a stethoscope to listen to heart sounds and hear heart murmurs. They may detect heart murmurs during routine checkups or while checking for another condition.
If a congenital heart defect causes a murmur, it's often heard at birth or during infancy. Abnormal heart murmurs caused by other he... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Heart Murmur ? | A heart murmur isn't a disease. It's an extra or unusual sound heard during the heartbeat. Thus, murmurs themselves don't require treatment. However, if an underlying condition is causing a heart murmur, your doctor may recommend treatment for that condition.
Innocent (Harmless) Heart Murmurs
... |
information | What is (are) Heart Block ? | Heart block is a problem that occurs with the heart's electrical system. This system controls the rate and rhythm of heartbeats. ("Rate" refers to the number of times your heart beats per minute. "Rhythm" refers to the pattern of regular or irregular pulses produced as the heart beats.)
With each heart... |
causes | What causes Heart Block ? | Heart block has many causes. Some people are born with the disorder (congenital), while others develop it during their lifetimes (acquired).
Congenital Heart Block
One form of congenital heart block occurs in babies whose mothers have autoimmune diseases, such as lupus. People who have... |
susceptibility | Who is at risk for Heart Block? ? | The risk factors for congenital and acquired heart block are different.
Congenital Heart Block
If a pregnant woman has an autoimmune disease, such as lupus, her fetus is at risk for heart block.
Autoimmune diseases can cause the body to make proteins called antibodies ... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Heart Block ? | Signs and symptoms depend on the type of heart block you have. First-degree heart block may not cause any symptoms.
Signs and symptoms of second- and third-degree heart block include:
Fainting
Dizziness or light-headedness
Fatigue (tiredness)
... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Heart Block ? | Heart block might be diagnosed as part of a routine doctor's visit or during an emergency situation. (Third-degree heart block often is an emergency.)
Your doctor will diagnose heart block based on your family and medical histories, a physical exam, and test results.
Specialists Involv... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Heart Block ? | Treatment depends on the type of heart block you have. If you have first-degree heart block, you may not need treatment.
If you have second-degree heart block, you may need a pacemaker. A pacemaker is a small device that's placed under the skin of your chest or abdomen. This device uses electrical puls... |
information | What is (are) Asthma ? | Espaol
Asthma (AZ-ma) is a chronic (long-term) lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways. Asthma causes recurring periods of wheezing (a whistling sound when you breathe), chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing. The coughing often occurs at night or early in the morning.
... |
causes | What causes Asthma ? | The exact cause of asthma isn't known. Researchers think some genetic and environmental factors interact to cause asthma, most often early in life. These factors include:
An inherited tendency to develop allergies, called atopy (AT-o-pe)
Parents who have asthma
Certain... |
susceptibility | Who is at risk for Asthma? ? | Asthma affects people of all ages, but it most often starts during childhood. In the United States, more than 22 million people are known to have asthma. Nearly 6 million of these people are children.
Young children who often wheeze and have respiratory infectionsas well as certain other risk factorsar... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Asthma ? | Common signs and symptoms of asthma include:
Coughing. Coughing from asthma often is worse at night or early in the morning, making it hard to sleep.
Wheezing. Wheezing is a whistling or squeaky sound that occurs when you breathe.
Chest tightness. This may feel like so... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Asthma ? | Your primary care doctor will diagnose asthma based on your medical and family histories, a physical exam, and test results.
Your doctor also will figure out the severity of your asthmathat is, whether it's intermittent, mild, moderate, or severe. The level of severity will determine what treatment you... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Asthma ? | Asthma is a long-term disease that has no cure. The goal of asthma treatment is to control the disease. Good asthma control will:
Prevent chronic and troublesome symptoms, such as coughing and shortness of breath
Reduce your need for quick-relief medicines (see below)
... |
prevention | How to prevent Asthma ? | You cant prevent asthma. However, you can take steps to control the disease and prevent its symptoms. For example:
Learn about your asthma and ways to control it.
Follow your written asthma action plan. (For a sample plan, go to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's "Asthma A... |
information | What is (are) Patent Ductus Arteriosus ? | Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a heart problem that occurs soon after birth in some babies. In PDA, abnormal blood flow occurs between two of the major arteries connected to the heart.
Before birth, the two major arteriesthe aorta and the pulmonary (PULL-mun-ary) arteryare connected by a blood vesse... |
causes | What causes Patent Ductus Arteriosus ? | If your child has patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), you may think you did something wrong during your pregnancy to cause the problem. However, the cause of patent ductus arteriosus isn't known.
Genetics may play a role in causing the condition. A defect in one or more genes might prevent the ductus arter... |
susceptibility | Who is at risk for Patent Ductus Arteriosus? ? | Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a relatively common congenital heart defect in the United States.
The condition occurs more often in premature infants (on average, occurring in about 8 of every 1,000 births). However, PDA also occurs in full-term infants (on average, occurring in about 2 of every 1,0... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Patent Ductus Arteriosus ? | A heart murmur may be the only sign that a baby has patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). A heart murmur is an extra or unusual sound heard during the heartbeat. Heart murmurs also have other causes besides PDA, and most murmurs are harmless.
Some infants may develop signs or symptoms of volume overload on t... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Patent Ductus Arteriosus ? | In full-term infants, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) usually is first suspected when the baby's doctor hears a heart murmur during a regular checkup.
A heart murmur is an extra or unusual sound heard during the heartbeat. Heart murmurs also have other causes besides PDA, and most murmurs are harmless.
... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Patent Ductus Arteriosus ? | Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is treated with medicines, catheter-based procedures, and surgery. The goal of treatment is to close the PDA. Closure will help prevent complications and reverse the effects of increased blood volume.
Small PDAs often close without treatment. For full-term infants, treatm... |
information | What is (are) Sickle Cell Disease ? | Espaol
The term sickle cell disease (SCD) describes a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. People with SCD have abnormal hemoglobin, called hemoglobin S or sickle hemoglobin, in their red blood cells.
Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the... |
causes | What causes Sickle Cell Disease ? | Abnormal hemoglobin, called hemoglobin S, causes sickle cell disease (SCD).
The problem in hemoglobin S is caused by a small defect in the gene that directs the production of the beta globin part of hemoglobin. This small defect in the beta globin gene causes a problem in the beta globin part of hemogl... |
susceptibility | Who is at risk for Sickle Cell Disease? ? | In the United States, most people with sickle cell disease (SCD) are of African ancestry or identify themselves as black.
About 1 in 13 African American babies is born with sickle cell trait.
About 1 in every 365 black children is born with sickle cell disease.
There a... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Sickle Cell Disease ? | Early Signs and Symptoms
If a person has sickle cell disease (SCD), it is present at birth. But most infants do not have any problems from the disease until they are about 5 or 6 months of age. Every state in the United States, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories requires that all newbor... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Sickle Cell Disease ? | Screening Tests
People who do not know whether they make sickle hemoglobin (hemoglobin S) or another abnormal hemoglobin (such as C, thalassemia, E) can find out by having their blood tested. This way, they can learn whether they carry a gene (i.e., have the trait) for an abnormal hemoglobin that they... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Sickle Cell Disease ? | Health Maintenance To Prevent Complications
Babies with sickle cell disease (SCD) should be referred to a doctor or provider group that has experience taking care of people with this disease. The doctor might be a hematologist (a doctor with special training in blood diseases) or an experienced general... |
prevention | How to prevent Sickle Cell Disease ? | People who do not know whether they carry an abnormal hemoglobin gene can ask their doctor to have their blood tested.
Couples who are planning to have children and know that they are at risk of having a child with sickle cell disease (SCD) may want to meet with a genetics counselor. A genetics counsel... |
information | What is (are) Polycythemia Vera ? | Polycythemia vera (POL-e-si-THEE-me-ah VAY-rah or VE-rah), or PV, is a rare blood disease in which your body makes too many red blood cells.
The extra red blood cells make your blood thicker than normal. As a result, blood clots can form more easily. These clots can block blood flow through your arteri... |
causes | What causes Polycythemia Vera ? | Primary Polycythemia
Polycythemia vera (PV) also is known as primary polycythemia. A mutation, or change, in the body's JAK2 gene is the main cause of PV. The JAK2 gene makes a protein that helps the body produce blood cells.
What causes the change in the JAK2 gene isn't known. PV gene... |
susceptibility | Who is at risk for Polycythemia Vera? ? | Polycythemia vera (PV) is a rare blood disease. The disease affects people of all ages, but it's most common in adults who are older than 60. PV is rare in children and young adults. Men are at slightly higher risk for PV than women. |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Polycythemia Vera ? | Polycythemia vera (PV) develops slowly. The disease may not cause signs or symptoms for years.
When signs and symptoms are present, they're the result of the thick blood that occurs with PV. This thickness slows the flow of oxygen-rich blood to all parts of your body. Without enough oxygen, many parts ... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Polycythemia Vera ? | Polycythemia vera (PV) may not cause signs or symptoms for years. The disease often is found during routine blood tests done for other reasons. If the results of your blood tests aren't normal, your doctor may want to do more tests.
Your doctor will diagnose PV based on your signs and symptoms, your ag... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Polycythemia Vera ? | Polycythemia vera (PV) doesn't have a cure. However, treatments can help control the disease and its complications. PV is treated with procedures, medicines, and other methods. You may need one or more treatments to manage the disease.
Goals of Treatment
The goals of treating PV are to... |
prevention | How to prevent Polycythemia Vera ? | Primary polycythemia (polycythemia vera) can't be prevented. However, with proper treatment, you can prevent or delay symptoms and complications.
Sometimes you can prevent secondary polycythemia by avoiding things that deprive your body of oxygen for long periods. For example, you can avoid mountain cl... |
information | What is (are) High Blood Cholesterol ? | To understand high blood cholesterol (ko-LES-ter-ol), it helps to learn about cholesterol. Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance thats found in all cells of the body.
Your body needs some cholesterol to make hormones, vitamin D, and substances that help you digest foods. Your body makes all the cho... |
causes | What causes High Blood Cholesterol ? | Many factors can affect the cholesterol levels in your blood. You can control some factors, but not others.
Factors You Can Control
Diet
Cholesterol is found in foods that come from animal sources, such as egg yolks, meat, and cheese. Some foods have fats that raise yo... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of High Blood Cholesterol ? | High blood cholesterol usually has no signs or symptoms. Thus, many people don't know that their cholesterol levels are too high.
If you're 20 years old or older, have your cholesterol levels checked at least once every 5 years. Talk with your doctor about how often you should be tested. |
exams and tests | How to diagnose High Blood Cholesterol ? | Your doctor will diagnose high blood cholesterol by checking the cholesterol levels in your blood. A blood test called a lipoprotein panel can measure your cholesterol levels. Before the test, youll need to fast (not eat or drink anything but water) for 9 to 12 hours.
The lipoprotein panel will give yo... |
treatment | What are the treatments for High Blood Cholesterol ? | High blood cholesterol is treated with lifestyle changes and medicines. The main goal of treatment is to lower your low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level enough to reduce your risk for coronary heart disease, heart attack, and other related health problems.
Your risk for heart disease and hea... |
information | What is (are) Heart Valve Disease ? | Heart valve disease occurs if one or more of your heart valves don't work well. The heart has four valves: the tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral,and aortic valves.
These valves have tissue flaps that open and close with each heartbeat. The flaps make sure blood flows in the right direction through your hear... |
causes | What causes Heart Valve Disease ? | Heart conditions and other disorders, age-related changes, rheumatic fever, or infections can cause acquired heart valve disease. These factors change the shape or flexibility of once-normal heart valves.
The cause of congenital heart valve disease isnt known. It occurs before birth as the heart is for... |
susceptibility | Who is at risk for Heart Valve Disease? ? | Older age is a risk factor for heart valve disease. As you age, your heart valves thicken and become stiffer. Also, people are living longer now than in the past. As a result, heart valve disease has become an increasing problem.
People who have a history of infective endocarditis (IE), rheumatic fever... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Heart Valve Disease ? | Major Signs and Symptoms
The main sign of heart valve disease is an unusual heartbeat sound called a heart murmur. Your doctor can hear a heart murmur with a stethoscope.
However, many people have heart murmurs without having heart valve disease or any other heart problems. Others may ... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Heart Valve Disease ? | Your primary care doctor may detect a heart murmur or other signs of heart valve disease. However, a cardiologist usually will diagnose the condition. A cardiologist is a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating heart problems.
To diagnose heart valve disease, your doctor will ask about your s... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Heart Valve Disease ? | Currently, no medicines can cure heart valve disease. However, lifestyle changes and medicines often can treat symptoms successfully and delay problems for many years. Eventually, though, you may need surgery to repair or replace a faulty heart valve.
The goals of treating heart valve disease might inc... |
prevention | How to prevent Heart Valve Disease ? | To prevent heart valve disease caused by rheumatic fever, see your doctor if you have signs of a strep infection. These signs include a painful sore throat, fever, and white spots on your tonsils. If you do have a strep infection, be sure to take all medicines prescribed to treat it. Prompt treatment of strep infection... |
information | What is (are) Oxygen Therapy ? | Oxygen therapy is a treatment that provides you with extra oxygen, a gas that your body needs to work well. Normally, your lungs absorb oxygen from the air. However, some diseases and conditions can prevent you from getting enough oxygen.
Oxygen therapy may help you function better and be more active. ... |
outlook | What is the outlook for Oxygen Therapy ? | During an emergencysuch as a serious accident, possible heart attack, or other life-threatening eventyou might be started on oxygen therapy right away.
Otherwise, your doctor will decide whether you need oxygen therapy based on test results. An arterial blood gas test and a pulse oximetry test can meas... |
outlook | What is the outlook for Oxygen Therapy ? | During an emergencysuch as a serious accident, possible heart attack, or other life-threatening eventyou might be started on oxygen therapy right away.
While you're in the hospital, your doctor will check on you to make sure you're getting the right amount of oxygen. Nurses or respiratory therapists al... |
susceptibility | Who is at risk for Oxygen Therapy? ? | Oxygen therapy can cause complications and side effects. These problems might include a dry or bloody nose, skin irritation from the nasal cannula or face mask, fatigue (tiredness), and morning headaches.
If these problems persist, tell your doctor and home equipment provider. Depending on the problem,... |
information | What is (are) Diabetic Heart Disease ? | The term "diabetic heart disease" (DHD) refers to heart disease that develops in people who have diabetes. Compared with people who don't have diabetes, people who have diabetes:
Are at higher risk for heart disease
Have additional causes of heart disease
May develop h... |
causes | What causes Diabetic Heart Disease ? | At least four complex processes, alone or combined, can lead to diabetic heart disease (DHD). They include coronary atherosclerosis; metabolic syndrome; insulin resistance in people who have type 2 diabetes; and the interaction of coronary heart disease (CHD), high blood pressure, and diabetes.
Researc... |
susceptibility | Who is at risk for Diabetic Heart Disease? ? | People who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes are at risk for diabetic heart disease (DHD). Diabetes affects heart disease risk in three major ways.
First, diabetes alone is a very serious risk factor for heart disease. Second, when combined with other risk factors, diabetes further raises the risk of hear... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Diabetic Heart Disease ? | Some people who have diabetic heart disease (DHD) may have no signs or symptoms of heart disease. This is called silent heart disease. Diabetes-related nerve damage that blunts heart pain may explain why symptoms aren't noticed.
Thus, people who have diabetes should have regular medical checkups. Tests... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Diabetic Heart Disease ? | Your doctor will diagnose diabetic heart disease (DHD) based on your signs and symptoms, medical and family histories, a physical exam, and the results from tests and procedures.
Doctors and researchers are still trying to find out whether routine testing for DHD will benefit people who have diabetes b... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Diabetic Heart Disease ? | Diabetic heart disease (DHD) is treated with lifestyle changes, medicines, and medical procedures. The goals of treating DHD include:
Controlling diabetes and any other heart disease risk factors you have, such as unhealthy blood cholesterol levels and high blood pressure
Reducing or r... |
prevention | How to prevent Diabetic Heart Disease ? | Taking action to control risk factors can help prevent or delay heart disease in people who have diabetes and in those who don't. Your risk of heart disease increases with the number of risk factors you have.
One step you can take is to adopt a healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle should be part of a... |
information | What is (are) Endocarditis ? | Endocarditis (EN-do-kar-DI-tis) is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. This lining is called the endocardium (en-do-KAR-de-um). The condition also is called infective endocarditis (IE).
The term "endocarditis" also is used to describe an inflammation of the endocardium du... |
causes | What causes Endocarditis ? | Infective endocarditis (IE) occurs if bacteria, fungi, or other germs invade your bloodstream and attach to abnormal areas of your heart. Certain factors increase the risk of this happening.
A common underlying factor in IE is a structural heart defect, especially faulty heart valves. Usually your immu... |
susceptibility | Who is at risk for Endocarditis? ? | Infective endocarditis (IE) is an uncommon condition that can affect both children and adults. It's more common in men than women.
IE typically affects people who have abnormal hearts or other conditions that put them at risk for the infection. Sometimes IE does affect people who were healthy before th... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Endocarditis ? | Infective endocarditis (IE) can cause a range of signs and symptoms that can vary from person to person. Signs and symptoms also can vary over time in the same person.
Signs and symptoms differ depending on whether you have an underlying heart problem, the type of germ causing the infection, and whethe... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Endocarditis ? | Your doctor will diagnose infective endocarditis (IE) based on your risk factors, your medical history and signs and symptoms, and test results.
Diagnosis of IE often is based on many factors, rather than a single positive test result, sign, or symptom.
Diagnostic Tests
... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Endocarditis ? | Infective endocarditis (IE) is treated with antibiotics and sometimes with heart surgery.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics usually are given for 2 to 6 weeks through an intravenous (IV) line inserted into a vein. You're often in a hospital for at least the first week or more of treatment. This ... |
prevention | How to prevent Endocarditis ? | If you're at risk for infective endocarditis (IE), you can take steps to prevent the infection and its complications.
Be alert to the signs and symptoms of IE. Contact your doctor right away if you have any of these signs or symptoms, especially a persistent fever or unexplained fatigue (tiredness).
... |
information | What is (are) Hemophilia ? | Espaol
Hemophilia (heem-o-FILL-ee-ah) is a rare bleeding disorder in which the blood doesn't clot normally.
If you have hemophilia, you may bleed for a longer time than others after an injury. You also may bleed inside your body (internally), especially in your knees, ankles, and elbow... |
causes | What causes Hemophilia ? | A defect in one of the genes that determines how the body makes blood clotting factor VIII or IX causes hemophilia. These genes are located on the X chromosomes (KRO-muh-somz).
Chromosomes come in pairs. Females have two X chromosomes, while males have one X and one Y chromosome. Only the X chromosome ... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Hemophilia ? | The major signs and symptoms of hemophilia are excessive bleeding and easy bruising.
Excessive Bleeding
The extent of bleeding depends on how severe the hemophilia is.
Children who have mild hemophilia may not have signs unless they have excessive bleeding from a denta... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Hemophilia ? | If you or your child appears to have a bleeding problem, your doctor will ask about your personal and family medical histories. This will reveal whether you or your family members, including women and girls, have bleeding problems. However, some people who have hemophilia have no recent family history of the disease.
... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Hemophilia ? | Treatment With Replacement Therapy
The main treatment for hemophilia is called replacement therapy. Concentrates of clotting factor VIII (for hemophilia A) or clotting factor IX (for hemophilia B) are slowly dripped or injected into a vein. These infusions help replace the clotting factor that's missin... |
information | What is (are) Pleurisy and Other Pleural Disorders ? | Pleurisy (PLUR-ih-se) is a condition in which the pleura is inflamed. The pleura is a membrane that consists of two large, thin layers of tissue. One layer wraps around the outside of your lungs. The other layer lines the inside of your chest cavity.
Between the layers of tissue is a very thin space ca... |
causes | What causes Pleurisy and Other Pleural Disorders ? | Pleurisy
Many conditions can cause pleurisy. Viral infections are likely the most common cause. Other causes of pleurisy include:
Bacterial infections, such as pneumonia (nu-MO-ne-ah) and tuberculosis, and infections from fungi or parasites
Pulmonary embolism, a blood ... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Pleurisy and Other Pleural Disorders ? | Pleurisy
The main symptom of pleurisy is a sharp or stabbing pain in your chest that gets worse when you breathe in deeply or cough or sneeze.
The pain may stay in one place or it may spread to your shoulders or back. Sometimes the pain becomes a fairly constant dull ache.
... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Pleurisy and Other Pleural Disorders ? | Your doctor will diagnose pleurisy or another pleural disorder based on your medical history, a physical exam, and test results.
Your doctor will want to rule out other causes of your symptoms. He or she also will want to find the underlying cause of the pleurisy or other pleural disorder so it can be ... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Pleurisy and Other Pleural Disorders ? | Pleurisy and other pleural disorders are treated with procedures, medicines, and other methods. The goals of treatment include:
Relieving symptoms
Removing the fluid, air, or blood from the pleural space (if a large amount is present)
Treating the underlying condition
... |
information | What is (are) Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis ? | Thrombocythemia (THROM-bo-si-THE-me-ah) and thrombocytosis (THROM-bo-si-TO-sis) are conditions in which your blood has a higher than normal number of platelets (PLATE-lets).
Platelets are blood cell fragments. They're made in your bone marrow along with other kinds of blood cells.
Plat... |
causes | What causes Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis ? | Primary Thrombocythemia
In this condition, faulty stem cells in the bone marrow make too many platelets. What causes this to happen usually isn't known. When this process occurs without other blood cell disorders, it's called essential thrombocythemia.
A rare form of thrombocythemia is... |
susceptibility | Who is at risk for Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis? ? | Primary Thrombocythemia
Thrombocythemia isn't common. The exact number of people who have the condition isn't known. Some estimates suggest that 24 out of every 100,000 people have primary thrombocythemia.
Primary thrombocythemia is more common in people aged 50 to 70, but it can occur... |
symptoms | What are the symptoms of Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis ? | People who have thrombocythemia or thrombocytosis may not have signs or symptoms. These conditions might be discovered only after routine blood tests.
However, people who have primary thrombocythemia are more likely than those who have secondary thrombocytosis to have serious signs and symptoms.
... |
exams and tests | How to diagnose Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis ? | Your doctor will diagnose thrombocythemia or thrombocytosis based on your medical history, a physical exam, and test results. A hematologist also may be involved in your care. This is a doctor who specializes in blood diseases and conditions.
Medical History
Your doctor may ask you abo... |
treatment | What are the treatments for Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis ? | Primary Thrombocythemia
This condition is considered less harmful today than in the past, and its outlook often is good. People who have no signs or symptoms don't need treatment, as long as the condition remains stable.
Taking aspirin may help people who are at risk for blood clots (a... |
prevention | How to prevent Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis ? | You can't prevent primary thrombocythemia. However, you can take steps to reduce your risk for complications. For example, you can control many of the risk factors for blood clots, such as high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking.
To reduce your risk, quit smoking, adopt healt... |
information | What is (are) Hemochromatosis ? | Hemochromatosis (HE-mo-kro-ma-TO-sis) is a disease in which too much iron builds up in your body (iron overload). Iron is a mineral found in many foods.
Too much iron is toxic to your body. It can poison your organs and cause organ failure. In hemochromatosis, iron can build up in most of your body's o... |
causes | What causes Hemochromatosis ? | The two types of hemochromatosis are primary and secondary. Each type has a different cause.
Primary Hemochromatosis
Primary hemochromatosis is caused by a defect in the genes that control how much iron you absorb from food. This form of the disease sometimes is called hereditary or cl... |
susceptibility | Who is at risk for Hemochromatosis? ? | Hemochromatosis is one of the most common genetic diseases in the United States. It's most common in Caucasians of Northern European descent. The disease is less common in African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians.
Primary hemochromatosis is more common in men than in women. Also, olde... |
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