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Cordiform may refer to
Cordiform leaf, a type of leaf morphology
Cordiform projection, a map projection
Cordiform axe, a type of Lower Paleolithic hand axe | wiki |
The Last Stand (film 1938)
The Last Stand (film 1984)
The Last Stand (film 2006)
Likwidator (film 2013) (The Last Stand)
X-Men: Ostatni bastion (X-Men: The Last Stand)
The Last Stand – album Sabatonu
The Last Stand – album Boot Camp Clik | wiki |
The Berw Fault is a SW-NE trending fault in North Wales. It forms part of the Menai Strait Fault System, with the Dinorwic Fault and the Aber Dinlle Fault. It has a long history of movement with early ductile fabrics preserved from a sinistral (left lateral) strike-slip sense shear zone active at the end of the Precambrian and into the early Cambrian. Any Caledonian deformation is unclear but the fault zone was reactivated in the Carboniferous as a NW-throwing normal fault with seismic reflection data showing the formation of a half-graben in its hanging wall. There are no indications of inversion during the Variscan Orogeny, but the fault was reactivated in a normal sense during the Permian and Triassic and again during the Cenozoic with a sinistral strike-slip sense.
See also
List of geological faults of Wales
References
Geology of Gwynedd | wiki |
Fox's Confectionery is an English confectionery company based in Braunstone, Leicester which was founded in 1880.
History
The company was set up by Walter Richard Fox as a wholesale grocery and confectionery business in 1880. It started in a Victorian warehouse in Leicester. By 1897 Fox was manufacturing over 100 different confectionery lines.
In 1969, the company was acquired by Mackintosh's, a year prior to the creation of Rowntree Mackintosh when Mackintosh merged with Rowntree's of York. After purchasing Rowntree-Macintosh in 1988, Nestlé sold the Fox's Brand and its Leicester site to Northern Foods in 2001. The company was sold to Big Bear Ltd in 2003. Big Bear Confectionery had sites in Blackburn, Leicester and Nimbus.
Peppy (from peppermint) the polar bear is the original trademark used for Fox's Glacier Mints and was created by Leicester-based artist C. Reginald Dalby, better known for illustrating The Railway Series books by the Rev. W. Awdry.
Fox's Confectionery was acquired by Valeo Foods in 2015.
In Indonesia, Fox's candies are currently manufactured by PT Savoria Kreasi Rasa (a subsidiary of Djarum, a cigarette manufacturing company).
Products
Fox's "Glacier" Range
Fox's Glacier Mints
Fox's Glacier Fruits
Fox's Glacier Dark
Paynes Poppets
XXX Mints
Just Mints
Just Brazils
Milk Chocolate Just Brazils
Dark Chocolate Just Brazils
Le Bar (discontinued ~1994)
References
External links
Company website
XXX Mints
Guardian article: Callow returns as Fox's polar bear
Guardian article: Fox's biscuits launches 'danda' ad (mentions image rights vs Fox Polar Bear)
Nestlé brands
British companies established in 1880
Confectionery companies of the United Kingdom
1880 establishments in England
Food and drink companies established in 1880 | wiki |
Fashion Hunters is an American reality television series which premiered on October 4, 2011, on Bravo. The series chronicles the life of several fashion designers working at Second Time Around as they go around New York City searching through the closets and attics of the city's elite. The cast includes Tara Muscarella, Karina Lepiner, Ambria Miscia and Wilson Payamps.
Episodes
References
External links
2010s American reality television series
2011 American television series debuts
2011 American television series endings
Bravo (American TV network) original programming
English-language television shows
Fashion-themed television series | wiki |
As of 2012, illegal immigration in Libya has become a major port to enter Europe. The Libyan government has been criticised for breaching illegal immigrants rights during the deportation of people .
References
Society of Libya
Libya
Libya | wiki |
Dripping, also known usually as beef dripping or, more rarely, as pork dripping, is an animal fat produced from the fatty or otherwise unusable parts of cow or pig carcasses. It is similar to lard, tallow and schmaltz.
History
It is used for cooking, especially in British cuisine, significantly so in the Midlands and Northern England, though towards the end of the 20th century dripping fell out of favour due to it being regarded as less healthy than vegetable oils such as olive or sunflower.
Traditionally fish and chips were fried in beef dripping, and while this practice does continue in some places, most shops now use vegetable oils.
Preparation is traditionally described as collection of the residue from meat roasts but modern production is from such residue added to boiling water with a generous amount of salt (about 2g per litre). When the stock pot is chilled a solid lump of dripping (the cake) settles. The stock pot should be scraped clean and re-chilled for future use. The residue can be reprocessed for more dripping and strained through a cheesecloth lined sieve as an ingredient for a beef stock. Dripping can be clarified by adding a sliced raw potato and cooking until potato turns brown. The cake will be the colour and texture of ghee.
Pork or beef dripping can be served cold, spread on bread and sprinkled with salt and pepper (bread and dripping). If the flavourful brown sediment and stock from the roast has settled to the bottom of the dripping and coloured it brown, then in parts of Yorkshire it is known colloquially as a "mucky fat" sandwich.
Pastry
Dripping can be used to make pastry, for pasties and other foods.
See also
Dripping cake
References
Animal fat products
British cuisine
Cooking fats | wiki |
Direct dialing may refer to:
Direct distance dialing, where a caller may call any other user outside the local calling area without operator assistance
Direct inward dialing, where an outside call may be automatically routed to an extension through a private branch exchange
International direct dialing, where a caller may place an international call without operator assistance | wiki |
Luz negra puede referirse a:
Luz negra
Luz Negra, obra teatral salvadoreña. | wiki |
See also
Light emitting polymers in OLEDs
Conductive polymer
Electroluminescence
References
Organic polymers
Conductive polymers
Conjugated polymers | wiki |
Starla is a 2019 Philippine drama television series starring Joel Torre, Jana Agoncillo, Enzo Pelojero, Judy Ann Santos, Meryll Soriano, Joem Bascon, and Raymart Santiago. The series premiered on ABS-CBN's Primetime Bida evening block and worldwide via The Filipino Channel from October 7, 2019 to January 10, 2020, replacing The General's Daughter.
Series overview
Episodes
Season 1
References
Lists of Philippine drama television series episodes
Lists of children's television series episodes
2010s television-related lists
2020s television-related lists | wiki |
Ganopristidae is an extinct family of cartilaginous fish from the Cretaceous belonging to the suborder Sclerorhynchoidei. While the name Sclerorhynchidae is often used for this family, it is a junior synonym of Ganopristidae. This family contains the genera Libanopristis, Micropristis, and Sclerorhynchus. The type genus Ganopristis is considered to be a junior synonym of Sclerorhynchus.
References
Prehistoric cartilaginous fish families
Rajiformes | wiki |
The Goya Award for Best Picture () is one of the Goya Awards, Spain's principal national film awards. The category was first awarded in 1986 to Fernando Fernán Gómez's drama film Voyage to Nowhere.
Several films that won or were nominated for this category also were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film representing Spain, Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown, Secrets of the Heart, The Grandfather and Pain and Glory were nominated while Belle Époque, All About My Mother and The Sea Inside won.
Argentine-Spanish productions The Secret in Their Eyes and Wild Tales also received a nomination in the category but representing Argentina, with the former winning. Mexican-Spanish film Pan's Labyrinth was nominated representing Mexico.
In the list below the winner of the award for each year is shown first, followed by the other nominees.
Winners and nominees
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
References
External links
Official site
IMDb: Goya Awards
Film
Awards for best film | wiki |
Radio piracy may refer to:
Pirate radio, unlicensed radio broadcasting
Copyright infringement of music ripped from AM or FM radio broadcasts | wiki |
The New York Indian Film Festival (NYIFF) is an annual film festival that takes place in New York City, and screens films relating to India, the Indian Diaspora, and the work of Indian filmmakers. The festival began in November 2001 and was founded by Aroon Shivdasani and the Indo-American Arts Council. About 40 films are screened, including features films, shorts, documentaries, and animated films.
History
The festival began in November 2001 as the Indo-American Arts Council Film Festival (IAAC). It was founded in response to the attacks of September 11, as a way to educate the community on Indian culture. The first festival took place at the Imagin Asian Theatre. Subsequent festivals have been hosted by Tribeca Cinemas, The Walter Read Theater at The Lincoln Center, Asia Society, Aicon Gallery, Cantor Film Center at New York University, and SVA Theaters. The opening night ceremony of the 2011 festival took place at the Paris Theater.
In 2007, the festival partnered with The Mahindra Group to help the festival grow and reach wider audiences. The festival also changed its name to The Mahindra Indo-American Arts Council Film Festival (MIAAC).
The festival began a series of one-minute cell phone films in 2008, in collaboration with New York University’s Tisch School of the Arts, New York Film Academy, and Whistling Woods International Institute for Films, Media, Animation and Media Arts.
In 2011, the festival was moved to May, instead of its traditional November date. India Abroad journalist Aseem Chhabra took over as festival director, and the festival name was changed to The New York Indian Film Festival. In 2022, many Indian films will be a part of the festival.This includes Shoe Box, Boomba Ride (Assamese), My Mother’s Girlfriend and more.
The Festival
Each year, the festival screens about 40 films from Indian filmmakers, or films relating to India or the Indian Diaspora. Throughout the festival, industry panels and discussions with filmmakers are held, with Q&A’s after the screenings. Frequent festival attendees include Mira Nair, Salman Rushdie, Padma Lakshmi, Shabana Azmi, and Deepa Mehta.
The festival will usually hold a retrospective to honor a prominent filmmaker, artist, or actor, and will screen a number of their most notable films. Past retrospectives have featured Mira Nair, Smita Patil, and Rabindranath Tagore. The 12th NYIFF will feature a retrospective on the Indian film director Shyam Benegal.
Many films had their New York or world premiere at NYIFF, including:
Monsoon Wedding (2001)
Water (2005)
Bride and Prejudice (2004)
Born into Brothels (2005)
The Namesake (2006)
Slumdog Millionaire (2008)
Gulaal (2009)
The Japanese Wife (2010)
Shor in the City (2010)
Life! Camera Action...
Iti Mrinalini (2011)
Do Dooni Chaar (2011)
Liar's Dice (2014)
Bey yaar (2014)
Family Party (2015)
C/o Kancharapalem (2018)
Sethum Aayiram Pon (2019)
Koli Taal (2021)
2021 edition of the festival
The 2021 edition of the festival was held from June 4 to June 13, 2021. Due to COVID-19 pandemic protocol it was held in virtual format for the second year in succession.
Number of films
58 films were screened which included featured, documentaries and shorts. Indian films in 15 languages including Assamese, Bengali, English, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu were screened.
Opening film
Where Is Pinki? (Pinki Eili?) by Prithvi Konanur
Closing film
Fire in the Mountains by Ajitpal Singh
2022 edition of the festival
The 2022 edition of the festival was held from May 7 to May 14, 2022. Due to COVID-19 pandemic it was held in virtual format for the third year in succession.
Opening film
Godavari by Nikhil Mahajan
Closing film
The Beatles and India: An Enduring Love Affair by Ajoy Bose and Peter Compton
Winners
Best Film - Nasir by Arun KarthickBest Director - Ajitpal Singh for Fire in the Mountains
Best Actor - Siddharth Menon for June
Best Actress - Akshata Pandavapura for Where Is Pinki?
Best Child Actor - Karan Dave for Habbadi
Best Screenplay- Where Is Pinki? (Pinki Eili?)Best Short (Narrative) - Sudipto Roy for Tasher Ghawr
Best Documentary (Feature) - Ahimsa- Gandhi: The Power of the Powerless by Ramesh SharmaBest Documentary (Short) - Seva
Jury
The festival’s jury consists of 13 members who have worked in both the Indian and American film industry. The jury's votes are monitored and collected by KPMG.
Poorna Jagannathan (Actress)
Ashish Avikunthak (Professor)
Myrna Moncayo-Iyengar (Corporate Strategist)
Udayan Gupta (Journalist)
Muriel (Mike) Peters (Producer)
Sabrina Dhawan (Screenwriter)
Kavery Kaul (Filmmaker)
Madhur Jaffrey (Actress)
Jerry Carlson (Professor)
Claus Mueller (Professor)
Parag Amladi (Film Scholar)
Zenobia Shroff (Actress)
Nilita Vachani (Documentary Filmmaker)
External links
New York Indian Film Festival homepage
Indo-American Arts Council
References
Film festivals in New York City
Indian-American culture in New York City
Indian film festivals | wiki |
Power cell may refer to:
Battery (electricity), an array of galvanic cells for storing electricity.
Electrochemical cell, a device that generates electricity from chemical reactions.
Fuel cell, an electrochemical energy conversion chamber using reactants.
Solar cell, a photovoltaic panel that converts light energy into electricity. | wiki |
A sending/receiving relationship is one in which a public school district sends some or all of its students to attend the schools of another district. This is often done to achieve costs savings in smaller districts or continues after districts have grown as part of a historical relationship. The term is used in primary and secondary education in the states of New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania in the United States, although the concept exists in other states.
At times, the sending district may be granted representation on the receiving district's board of education. On the receiving district's board of education, the sending representative usually votes only on issues pertaining to the students received and district-wide issues. This is mainly to save money for the township and citizens who have to pay taxes for the school.
Demographic changes in either of the districts may cause the sending district to seek to end the relationship. Some districts have sought to gain local control of education methods and facilities by pulling out of existing sending relationships.
For example, the wealthy Englewood Cliffs Public Schools has sought to end its agreement with the heavily minority Englewood Public School District, to have its students pulled out of Dwight Morrow High School. This plan was vigorously opposed by the Englewood district and the New Jersey Department of Education. A magnet program has been attempted as a compromise to attract Cliffs parents to send their children to the Dwight Morrow school instead of opting for private education.
See also
Non-high school district
References
Education in New Jersey | wiki |
Up the Dose may refer to:
Up the Dose (Skrape album), 2004
Up the Dose (Mentors album), 1986 | wiki |
The discography of American singer Nancy Wilson includes over sixty albums, and charted singles. Wilson's musical style spans several genres, blues, jazz, soul, R&B, and pop. She is the recipient of three Grammy awards.
Albums
Studio albums
Live albums
Compilation albums
Singles
Other charted songs
References
Notes
External links
Discographies of American artists
Jazz discographies | wiki |
Silver fluoride can refer to:
Silver subfluoride (disilver monofluoride), Ag2F
Silver(I) fluoride (silver monofluoride, argentous fluoride), AgF
Silver(II) fluoride (silver difluoride, argentic fluoride), AgF2
Silver(III) fluoride (silver trifluoride), AgF3
Silver diamine fluoride, a material used to stop dental caries (cavities).
Gallery | wiki |
A small number of dinoflagellates contain an internal skeleton. One of the best known species is perhaps Actiniscus pentasterias, in which each cell contains a pair of siliceous five-armed stars surrounding the nucleus. This species was originally described by Ehrenberg. Although the description is incomplete and without illustrations, Ehrenberg described the skeletal elements but mentioned that the living cell was colorless and non-motile. Ehrenberg subsequently diagrammed the silicified skeletal elements (pentasters) from geological deposits in various parts of the world. These can be found as microfossils. Pentasters were studied from the Cenozoic South Pacific by Dumitrică http://deepseadrilling.org/21/volume/dsdp21_25.pdf Tappan gave a survey of dinoflagellates with internal skeletons. This included the first detailed description of the pentasters in Actiniscus pentasterias, based on scanning electron microscopy.
The ultrastructure of Actiniscus pentasterias was investigated.
References
Dinoflagellate biology | wiki |
Three medals are awarded: gold for first place, silver for second place, and bronze for third place. Tie breakers have not been used in every year. In the event of a tie between two gymnasts, both names are listed, and the following position (second for a tie for first, third for a tie for second) is left empty because a medal was not awarded for that position. If three gymnastics tied for a position, the following two positions are left empty.
Medalists
References
See also
All-Around, Team, Women
Pacific Rim Championships, All-Around, Team
Pacific Rim Championships, Team, Women | wiki |
Tonka bean oil is extracted from the seed of Dipteryx odorata. The oil is composed primarily of coumarin, which is used to flavor tobacco. It is neither a pressed oil, nor an essential oil, but was traditionally obtained by soaking the large, single tonka bean seed in rum or other alcohol for 24 hours, after which crystals of coumarin appear on the outside of the seed, and are then collected. The seeds contain up to 46% oil by dry weight. In recent years, most commercially produced coumarin are synthetic, which has reduced the demand for tonka beans as a crop. Coumarin derivatives are also used medicinally, as anti-coagulants.
References
Vegetable oils | wiki |
Scott Pilgrim, série de comics parue entre 2004 et 2010.
Scott Pilgrim, adaptation cinématographique de ces comics sortie en 2010.
Scott Pilgrim contre le Monde, le jeu, jeu vidéo tiré des comics et du film, sorti en 2010. | wiki |
PS-ON Signal is a remote on/off signal to a personal computer power supply unit. It turns on the power supply when it is switched from high to low and turns off the power supply when switched from low to high, or open-circuited.
References
Power supplies | wiki |
Three medals are awarded: gold for first place, silver for second place, and bronze for third place. Tie breakers have not been used in every year. In the event of a tie between two gymnasts, both names are listed, and the following position (second for a tie for first, third for a tie for second) is left empty because a medal was not awarded for that position. If three gymnastics tied for a position, the following two positions are left empty.
Medalists
References
See also
Vault, Women
Pacific Rim Championships, Vault | wiki |
The Spectacular Scarlet Spider is a short-lived comic book series starring Ben Reilly as the Scarlet Spider. The series was published by Marvel Comics for four issues in November and December 1995 in between The Spectacular Spider-Man issues 229 and 230. During this time, all four primary Spider-Man series and his quarterly series were paused and briefly replaced by Scarlet Spider counterparts; the others being Web of Scarlet Spider, The Amazing Scarlet Spider, Scarlet Spider, and Scarlet Spider Unlimited.
The five series were instituted as part of the Clone Saga after when Peter Parker gave up being Spider-Man to retire with his pregnant wife Mary Jane, and the Scarlet Spider took on his duties. Spectacular (along with Amazing, Spider-Man and Unlimited) returned to its old name and numbering when Ben Reilly left the Scarlet Spider identity behind and took on the Spider-Man name for himself.
The Scarlet Spider books were direct continuations, in terms of creative teams and story lines, of the their Spider-Man counterparts. They were effectively temporary renamings of their counterparts, other than not being incorporated into their issue numbering. The writer of the two issues was Todd DeZago and the penciller was Sal Buscema.
The first issue is notable for being the first appearance of Override.
Both issues are collected in Spider-Man: The Complete Ben Reilly Epic Book 1.
External links
The Marvel Chronology Project
The Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
Spider-Man titles
1995 comics debuts | wiki |
Thrill may refer to:
Music
Thrill, a 2000 album by Eleni Mandell
"Thrill", a 1995 song by Tomoyasu Hotei
"Thrill", a song by Band-Maid from the 2015 album New Beginning
Other uses
Thrill (TV channel), a Southeast Asian movie channel
Thrill, a 1996 made-for-TV movie by Sam Pillsbury
Thrill!, a 1998 novel by Jackie Collins
Thrill, a discontinued Procter & Gamble brand of dishwashing liquid
Thrill, a quality of a heart murmur
See also
Thrills (disambiguation)
Thriller (disambiguation)
Thrillseeker (disambiguation)
Frill (disambiguation)
Trill (disambiguation) | wiki |
A RF distribution amplifier is a high−performance distribution amplifier for analog RF signals. It takes one RF signal and carries it to multiple identical outputs.
Characteristics
High bandwidth
RF gain
References
electronic amplifiers | wiki |
United Kingdom intellectual property law is a part of English property law which concerns the rights of intangible but valuable information or rights. It covers in particular,
United Kingdom trade mark law
Copyright law of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom patent law
See also
English land law
English trusts law
References
English property law | wiki |
John Boys (c. 1535 – 1612), of St. Gregory's, Canterbury, the Middle Temple, London and Betteshanger, Kent, was an English politician and 'Kent's leading lawyer'.
Career
He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Sandwich in 1572, Midhurst in 1593, and Canterbury in 1597, 1601 and 1604.
References
1535 births
1612 deaths
People from Canterbury
Politicians from Kent
English MPs 1572–1583
English MPs 1593
English MPs 1597–1598
English MPs 1601
English MPs 1604–1611
People from Betteshanger | wiki |
Pants on Fire may refer to:
Film and television
Pants on Fire (film), a 2014 American television film
Pants on Fire, a 2019 British television programme presented by Emma Willis
Episodes
"Pants on Fire" (A.N.T. Farm), 2013
"Pants on Fire" (Dream On), 1991
"Pants on Fire" (Everybody Loves Raymond), 1999
"Pants on Fire" (The Good Wife), 2012
"Pants on Fire" (Little Mosque on the Prairie), 2010
"Pants on Fire" (Mary-Kate and Ashley in Action!), 2002
Literature
Pants on Fire (novel), a 2007 novel by Meg Cabot
Pants on Fire, a 2010 novel by Simon Cheshire
Pants on Fire, a 1995 play by Ken Garnhum
Songs
"Pants on Fire", a 2001 song by Buck 65 from Man Overboard
"Pants on Fire", a 2008 song by Something with Numbers from Engineering the Soul
"Pants on Fire (Liar, Liar)", a 1991 song by Kix from Hot Wire
Other uses
Pants On Fire (horse) (foaled 2008), an American Thoroughbred racehorse
Pants on Fire, a truthfulness rating used by PolitiFact.com
See also
Liar Liar (disambiguation)
Pant on Fire, a 2011 comedy show by Sorabh Pant
Skipping-rope rhyme
George Santos | wiki |
Three medals are awarded: gold for first place, silver for second place, and bronze for third place. Tie breakers have not been used in every year. In the event of a tie between two gymnasts, both names are listed, and the following position (second for a tie for first, third for a tie for second) is left empty because a medal was not awarded for that position. If three gymnastics tied for a position, the following two positions are left empty.
Medalists
References
See also
Pacific Rim Championships, Floor
Floor, women | wiki |
Three medals are awarded: gold for first place, silver for second place, and bronze for third place. Tie breakers have not been used in every year. In the event of a tie between two gymnasts, both names are listed, and the following position (second for a tie for first, third for a tie for second) is left empty because a medal was not awarded for that position. If three gymnastics tied for a position, the following two positions are left empty.
Medalists
References
See also
Balance beam, women
Pacific Rim Championships, Balance beam | wiki |
Three medals are awarded: gold for first place, silver for second place, and bronze for third place. Tie breakers have not been used in every year. In the event of a tie between two gymnasts, both names are listed, and the following position (second for a tie for first, third for a tie for second) is left empty because a medal was not awarded for that position. If three gymnastics tied for a position, the following two positions are left empty.
Medalists
References
See also
Uneven bars, women
Pacific Rim Championships, Uneven bars | wiki |
:
.download : un domaine Internet de premier niveau
en informatique, anglicisme : voir l'article Téléchargement | wiki |
A bedtime story is a popular form of storytelling.
Bedtime story or Bedtime stories may also refer to:
Film
Bedtime Story (1938 film), a British drama film directed by Donovan Pedelty
Bedtime Story (1941 film), a 1941 comedy film
Bedtime Story (1964 film), a 1964 comedy film, with a different plot than the 1941 film
Bedtime Stories (film), a 2008 family fantasy comedy starring Adam Sandler
Television
Bedtime Stories (1974 TV series), an BBC2 anthology series
"Bedtime Stories" (How I Met Your Mother), an episode of the television series How I Met Your Mother
"Bedtime Stories" (Supernatural), an episode of the television series Supernatural
"Bedtime Story" (Charlie Jade), an episode of the television series Charlie Jade
"Bedtime Story" (Golden Girls episode), an episode of the television series Golden Girls
Tim & Eric's Bedtime Stories, a TV anthology series
Music
Bedtime Stories (David Baerwald album), 1990
Bedtime Stories (Madonna album), 1994
"Bedtime Story" (Madonna song), a 1994 song from the above album
Bedtime Story (album), a 1972 album by Tammy Wynette
"Bedtime Story" (Tammy Wynette song), 1972
"Bedtime Story" (Warm Guns song), 1983
Bedtime Stories, a 1975 album by Judge Dread
Other
Bedtime Stories, a series of children's storybooks by Arthur S. Maxwell
"Bedtime Stories", a newspaper column by American author Thornton W. Burgess
See also
A Bedtime Story, a 1933 comedy film | wiki |
The Amazing Scarlet Spider is a short-lived comic book series starring Ben Reilly as the Scarlet Spider. The series was published by Marvel Comics for four issues in November and December 1995 in between The Spectacular Spider-Man issues 406 and 407. During this time, all four primary Spider-Man series and his quarterly series were paused and briefly replaced by Scarlet Spider counterparts; the others being Web of Scarlet Spider, Scarlet Spider, The Spectacular Scarlet Spider and Scarlet Spider Unlimited.
The five series were instituted as part of the Clone Saga after when Peter Parker gave up being Spider-Man to retire with his pregnant wife Mary Jane, and the Scarlet Spider took on his duties. Amazing (along with Spider-Man, Spectacular and Unlimited) returned to its old name and numbering when Ben Reilly left the Scarlet Spider identity behind and took on the Spider-Man name for himself.
The Scarlet Spider books were direct continuations, in terms of creative teams and story lines, of the their Spider-Man counterparts. They were effectively temporary renamings of their counterparts, other than not being incorporated into their issue numbering. The writer of the two issues was Tom DeFalco and the penciller was Mark Bagley.
Both issues are collected in Spider-Man: The Complete Ben Reilly Epic Book 1.
External links
The Marvel Chronology Project
The Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
Spider-Man titles
1995 comics debuts | wiki |
Expectancy challenge refers to the sociological method that involves challenging the expectancies people associate with a behavior pattern, in an effort to affect said person's actions in regard to said behavior. This is most recently seen with alcohol abuse patterns on college campuses. Drinking on college campuses is a well-studied, problematic behavior pattern resulting in personal and property damage, and irreparable life consequences. Research, articles to follow, have indicated that expectancy of outcomes has a large bearing on behavior patterns. In layman's terms, If a person believes negative outcomes will result, they are less likely to engage in the behavior yielding said outcomes. If positive outcomes are expected, a person is more likely to engage in the behavior yielding such outcomes. Expectancy challenge involves challenging a person's expectations of the results of certain behaviors, such as drinking. If the expectations a person associates with drinking are shifted from positive to negative, they are less likely to engage in drinking behaviors.
References
Methods in sociology | wiki |
Bathyphellia is een geslacht van zeeanemonen uit de klasse van de Anthozoa (bloemdieren).
Soorten
Bathyphellia australis Dunn, 1983
Bathyphellia margaritacea (Danielssen, 1890)
Zeeanemonen | wiki |
Email hacking is the unauthorized access to, or manipulation of, an account or email correspondence.
Overview
Email is a very widely used communication method. If an email account is hacked, it can allow the attacker access to the personal, sensitive or confidential information in the mail storage; as well as allowing them to read new incoming and outgoing email - and to send and receive as the legitimate owner. On some email platforms, it may also allow them to setup automated email processing rules. All of these could be very harmful for the legitimate user.
Attacks
There are a number of ways in which a hacker can illegally gain access to an email account.
Virus
A virus or other malware can be sent via email, and if executed may be able to capture the user's password and send it to an attacker.
Phishing
Phishing involves emails that appear to be from legitimate sender but are scams which ask for verification of personal information, such as an account number, a password, or a date of birth. If unsuspecting victims respond, the result may be stolen accounts, financial loss, or identity theft.
Prevention measures
Email on the internet is sent by the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). While mail can be encrypted between mail servers, this is not typically enforced, but instead Opportunistic TLS is used - where mail servers negotiate for each email connection whether it will be encrypted, and to what standard. Where a mail flow between servers is not encrypted, it could be intercepted by an ISP or government agency and the contents can be read by passive monitoring.
For higher security, email administrators can configure servers to require encryption to specified servers or domains.
Email spoofing and similar issues which facilitate phishing are addressed by the 'stack' of Sender Policy Framework (SPF), DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) and Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance (DMARC). Setting all these in place is technically challenging, and not visible to the end user, so implementation progress has been slow. A further layer, Authenticated Received Chain (ARC), allows mail flow through intermediate mail servers such as mailing lists or forwarding services to be better handled - a common objection to implementation.
Businesses typically have advanced firewalls, anti-virus software and intrusion detection systems (IDS) to prevent or detect improper network access. They may also have security specialists perform an audit on the company and hire a Certified Ethical Hacker to perform a simulated attack or "pen test" in order to find any gaps in security.
Although companies may secure its internal networks, vulnerabilities can also occur through home networking. Email may be protected by methods, such as, creating a strong password, encrypting its contents, or using a digital signature.
If passwords are leaked or otherwise become known to an attacker, having two-factor authentication enabled may prevent improper access.
There are also specialist encrypted email services such as Protonmail or Mailfence.
Cases of email hacking
Notable cases of email hacks include:
Email archives from the Climatic Research Unit were leaked to create the scandal popularly known as Climategate.
News of the World journalists hacked email accounts for their stories.
UK politician Rowenna Davis had her mail account taken over and held ransom.
US politician Sarah Palin has been hacked in order to find embarrassing or incriminating correspondence.
As part of the Sony Pictures hack, over 170,000 pieces of email between top executives ended up on Wikileaks.
Former United States president, George H.W. Bush had his email hacked.
The personal email of political consultant John Podesta was hacked, and contents later published by WikiLeaks.
References
Data breaches | wiki |
The lunotriquetral shear test or lunotriquetral shear maneuver involves stabilizing the lunate between thumb and index finger of one hand and the triquetrum between the thumb and index finger of the other. The pisiform and triquetrum are pushed in a palmar to dorsal direction. Discomfort in this area suggests the possibility of injury to the lunotriquetral interosseous ligament.
References
External links
Video of test
Musculoskeletal examination | wiki |
Sabha (arab. سبها, Sabhā) – gmina w Libii ze stolicą w Sabha.
Liczba mieszkańców – 94 tys.
Kod gminy – LY-SB (ISO 3166-2).
Sabha graniczy z gminami:
Wadi asz-Szati – północ
Al-Dżufra – wschód
Marzuk – południe
Wadi al-Hajat – zachód
Podział administracyjny Libii | wiki |
Chitonanthus is een geslacht van zeeanemonen uit de klasse van de Anthozoa (bloemdieren).
Soort
Chitonanthus indutus Gravier, 1918
Zeeanemonen | wiki |
Mark Bowden (born 1951) is an American journalist and author.
Mark Bowden also refers to:
Mark Bowden (composer) (born 1979), British classical composer
Mark Bowden (UN official), British humanitarian and disaster relief worker
Mark Bowden (English author) (born 1970), British body language expert | wiki |
Death of a Salesman is a play by Arthur Miller.
Death of a Salesman may also refer to:
Death of a Salesman (1951 film)
Death of a Salesman (1961 film)
Death of a Salesman (1966 U.S. film), television film that aired on CBS
Death of a Salesman (1966 UK film), television film that aired on BBC
Death of a Salesman (1968 film)
Death of a Salesman (1985 film), adaptation directed by Volker Schlöndorff
Death of a Salesman (1996 film)
Death of a Salesman (2000 film)
"Death of a Salesman" (song), from the album The Great Destroyer, by Low
See also
Death of a Traveling Salesman, by Eudora Welty | wiki |
Measure problem may refer to:
Measure problem (cosmology), problem concerning how to compute fractions of universes of different types within a multiverse
A problem in measure theorysee Solovay model
Klee's measure problem, problem of determining how efficiently the measure of a union of rectangular ranges can be computed
McNamara fallacy, a bias disregarding what cannot be easily measured
See also
Measurement problem in quantum mechanics | wiki |
Venom is a fictional character primarily voiced by Tom Hardy appearing in the Sony's Spider-Man Universe (SSU) media franchise, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. Introduced in Venom (2018), Venom is depicted as a symbiote who binds with human investigative journalist Eddie Brock after landing on Earth, with the duo subsequently becoming a vigilante jointly known by Venom's name, and later as the Lethal Protector, facing Venom's former team leader, Riot, and later his son, Carnage, in combat. They are the second incarnation of the character in film, after Topher Grace and Tobey Maguire's respective portrayals of Eddie Brock / Venom and a symbiote-enveloped Spider-Man in Spider-Man 3 (2007).
, the character has appeared in three films: Venom, Venom: Let There Be Carnage (2021), and an uncredited cameo appearance in the web series Chen's Market and the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) film Spider-Man: No Way Home (both 2021). Hardy will reprise his role in a third film. While Hardy's portrayal of the character in Venom was met with a mixed critical reception, the chemistry between Eddie Brock and Venom received praise.
Concept and creation
The idea of giving Spider-Man a new costume was conceived by Randy Schueler, a Marvel Comics reader from Norridge, Illinois. In 1982, Schueler was sent a letter by editor-in-chief Jim Shooter, who acknowledged interest in his idea, with Shooter coming up with the idea of a black-and-white costume. "The Alien Costume" first appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man #252 (May 1984), before fully appearing as Venom in the 300th issue.
Venom's subsequent host, Eddie Brock, was created for the 300th issue of The Amazing Spider-Man in May 1988 due to cultural sensibilities of David Michelinie's suggestion of a villain consisting of the alien symbiote grafted into the body of a human female that forced him to conceive a male character by editor Jim Salicrup. Brock was later retconned to have a first appearance as a hand in Web of Spider-Man #18 (September 1986), but officially debuting in The Amazing Spider-Man #300, by Michelinie and Todd McFarlane, alongside Venom, initially presented as his alter-ego rather than as a separate living being.
Post-Spider-Man 3
By July 2008, Sony Pictures was actively developing a spin-off film based on Venom alongside direct sequels to Spider-Man 3 (2007), hoping the character could "add longevity" to the franchise in a similar fashion to Wolverine in 20th Century Fox's X-Men films. Industry insiders suggested Topher Grace, who portrayed Brock in Spider-Man 3, should return for the spin-off because "the likeable actor could be a sympathetic evildoer", in response, McFarlane suggested that a Venom film could not do well with a villain as the central character.
In December 2013, Sony revealed plans to use The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014) to establish their own expanded universe based on the Marvel properties they had the film rights to, including Venom. Since the film underperformed, in February 2015, Sony and Marvel Studios announced a partnership that would see Marvel Studios produce the next Spider-Man film for Sony, and integrate the character into the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Sony still planned to produce the spin-off films on their own, but by November Sony had been focused on its new reboot with Marvel Studios and were believed to have been canceled.
Revival and casting
In March 2016, Sony revived the Venom film, being envisioned as a standalone film launching its own franchise unrelated to Sony and Marvel Studios' MCU Spider-Man films. In May 2017, Sony announced that Tom Hardy would star as Eddie Brock / Venom in the film, officially beginning a new shared universe that was later titled "Sony's Spider-Man Universe". The casting of Hardy, whose son was a big fan of Venom, happened quickly after he had left Triple Frontier (2019) in April and Sony saw "an opportunity to court an in-demand talent". Brad Venable provided additional voiceover for Venom's pain and grunting sounds in Venom, his voice being combined with Hardy's for some dialogue, such as "We are Venom". Hardy signed on for three Venom films, which included Venom: Let There Be Carnage (2021).
After the Let There Be Carnage mid-credits scene showed Brock and Venom being transported from their universe into the MCU, many commentators expected Hardy to reprise his roles in the MCU film Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021). Hardy ultimately appeared as Brock in the film's mid-credits scene, though there had been discussions about integrating him into the film's final battle. The character unknowingly leaves a piece of the Venom symbiote behind in the MCU at the end of the scene.
Characterization
Venom director Ruben Fleischer said that unlike a werewolf or Jekyll and Hyde, the relationship between Venom and Brock is a "hybrid", with the two characters sharing a body and working together. Hardy was drawn to this duality, and compared the pair to the animated characters Ren and Stimpy. Hardy gave Eddie an "aw-shucks American accent" while using a "James Brown lounge lizard"-like voice for Venom, that was later "modulated to sound more sinister". Hardy called Venom an antihero who would "do whatever he has to" to accomplish a goal. Let There Be Carnage director Andy Serkis described the pair in the "Odd Couple stage" of their relationship, with Venom trapped in Brock's body and just wanting to be the "Lethal Protector" which distracts Eddie from work and putting his life back together.
Relationship with Eddie Brock
Kate Gardner of The Mary Sue wondered whether Venom had been "queer-coded", a term referring to character appearing queer without their sexuality being a part of the story. Gardner soon noticed fan art depicting Brock and Venom as a couple appearing across social media sites, acknowledging that there were several moments throughout the film that implied such a relationship, including Venom turning against his species because of his time with Brock and deciding to french kiss Brock while transferring from Weying to him. Many of the fans posting the art and discussing the characters' relationship online began using the name "Symbrock" to refer to them. Amanda Brennan, lead of Tumblr's Fandometrics analysis team, said that "Symbrock" fans existed before the film due to comics, but the increase in popularity was "undoubtedly" due to the film's portrayal of the characters which she said made Venom's dialogue more "casual" compared to how he speaks in comics, adding Brennan that dialogue such as "I am Venom and you are mine" was deemed to be particularly romantic by these fans, as was the idea that Venom be seen not as a parasite but as someone who "chose [Eddie] Brock and has a connection to [Eddie] Brock".
When Sony began advertising the home media release of the film by presenting it as a romantic comedy focused on Brock and Venom's relationship, io9 Charles Pulliam-Moore said it was the treatment the film deserved, attributing the change in strategy from the studio to the audience's response to the relationship. He added that it was rare for a film studio to "get on top of a so-so ad campaign" by adjusting towards the public's "reaction to a movie", believing it to have been successful. Michael Walsh at Nerdist agreed with Pulliam-Moore, describing the move as "fully embrac[ing] 'Symbrock'" and calling it "brilliant". Walsh said that though the advertisement was clearly a parody, it also "feels like a far more accurate portrayal of what the movie was really like than the initial [marketing] hinted at", and further highlighted the kissing scene.
Fictional character biography
Bonding with Eddie Brock
After being brought to Earth on a space shuttle by astronaut John Jameson as part of an invasion force of symbiotic lifeforms led by Riot, Venom and his team are captured by the Life Foundation, who bring them to San Francisco to begin a series of human trials in an attempt to achieve "symbiosis" and bind them to living beings, while Riot himself is stranded in Malaysia. Six months later, Venom is freed by an oblivious Eddie Brock as he attempts to free Maria, a homeless acquaintance of his whom Venom has been bound to. Transferring to Eddie's body, leaving Maria dead, Venom escapes the facility, while his two brethren die. As he begins to hear Venom's voice, Eddie reaches out to his ex-fiancée Anne Weying and her new boyfriend, Dr. Dan Lewis, for help and Lewis discovers the symbiote on examining Eddie. After Eddie is attacked by Life Foundation mercenaries to retrieve the symbiote, Venom manifests around his body as a monstrous creature that fights off the attackers and formally introduces himself to Eddie, declaring that "I am Venom, and you are mine."
After explaining their origins to Eddie, Venom assists him in breaking into his old workplace in order to turn in evidence of Life Foundation CEO Carlton Drake's numerous crimes, marveling at the cityscape of San Francisco after climbing atop a skyscraper. Subsequently, surrounded by SWAT officers alerted to the break-in, Venom and Eddie are forced to fight to escape, witness by Anne, who uses a MRI machine to separate Eddie from Venom, Dan having concluded that Venom's presence in Eddie's body is killing him: Venom subsequently explains that he would require sustenance from elsewhere to maintain a host, and it was the Life Foundation's decision not to feed him that led to his previous hosts' deaths. After Eddie is captured by Drake, now bonded to Riot (having found his way into the country through several hosts), who is in search of Venom, Anne bonds with Venom herself to free Eddie, who returns to Eddie's body by lifting him up and kissing him. Admitting that he is seen as a "loser" like Eddie on his home planet, Venom decides to abandon the Symbiotes' invasion and prevent Drake and Riot from using a rocket to return to the comet their species came from to acquire reinforcements, instead causing it to explode and kill them, with Venom apparently sacrificing himself to save Eddie. After the incident, Eddie returns to journalism, still secretly bound to Venom without Anne's knowledge, setting out to protect San Francisco by killing criminals. Confronting a criminal who had been extorting local convenience store owner Mrs. Chen, the duo devours him, declaring that "We are Venom." Sometime later, Eddie and Venom help Mrs. Chen film television advertisements for her store, holding her video camera for her before Venom expresses interest in eating Mrs. Chen's model.
Fighting Carnage
One year later, after Eddie visits incarcerated serial killer Cletus Kasady to interview him, Venom can figure out where Kasady has hidden the bodies of victims, which gives Eddie a huge career boost. After Kasady subsequently invites Eddie to attend his execution by lethal injection, Venom is provoked to attack Kasady via insults towards Eddie. After briefly witnessing Venom's true form, Kasady bites Eddie's hand, unknowingly ingesting a small part of Venom as they reproduce. Eddie is then contacted by Anne, who tells him that she is now engaged to Dan, much to Venom's displeasure.
Wanting more freedom to eat human brains instead of chicken brains, Venom has an argument with Eddie, and the two end up fighting until the symbiote detaches from his body; they go their different ways. Venom makes his way through San Francisco by hopping from body to body and attending a rave until Anne finds him at Mrs. Chen's store and convinces him to forgive Eddie. She bonds with Venom herself to break Eddie out of a police station after he is arrested on suspicion of aiding in Kasady's escape from prison, as the symbiote piece he had ingested metamorphoses into Venom's offspring "Carnage." Making amends, Venom and Eddie bond again. Arriving at a cathedral with Dan, where Kasady and his lover Frances Barrison plan to get married, after Barrison and Kasady take Anne and Officer Mulligan hostage, respectively. Venom is shocked to see Carnage ("a red one") envelop Kasady and address them as "father", seeking to eat them, refusing to fight until Eddie promises to let him eat "everybody." Venom begins to fight Carnage but is quickly overpowered, and the latter decides to kill Anne atop the cathedral. Venom manages to rescue Anne in time and provokes Barrison to use her sonic blast powers, causing both symbiotes to separate from their hosts as the cathedral collapses and the falling bell kills Barrison. Venom saves Eddie by bonding with him before the impact. Carnage tries to bond with Kasady again, but Venom devours him before biting Kasady's head off and escapes with Brock from the police, bidding farewell to Anne and Dan, and takes a tropical vacation with Brock.
Entering an alternate reality
Later, as Venom tells Brock about the symbiotes' hive mind knowledge across universes, a blinding light transports the pair to an alternate reality where they watch J. Jonah Jameson expose Spider-Man's identity as Peter Parker and as a "murderer" on television. After leaving the hotel, Venom and Brock go to a bar and learn about the new universe and individuals such as Tony Stark, Bruce Banner, Thanos, and a major event known as the Blip. As Brock decides to go to New York and find Spider-Man, he and Venom are returned to their universe, while unknowingly leaving a piece of the Venom symbiote behind, which slowly starts moving.
Differences from the comic books
Venom is primarily based on the 1993 Venom: Lethal Protector miniseries and the 1995 "Planet of the Symbiotes" story arc, borrowing the San Francisco setting of the former. Due to Sony and Marvel Studios' 2015 deal for Spider-Man to enter the MCU, the character could not appear in the film itself, challenging the writers to make a Venom origin story without Spider-Man. The writers and concept artists looked to the Ultimate Marvel version of Venom (created by Brian Michael Bendis and Mark Bagley), whose origin was not related to Spider-Man and similarly does not have a spider-logo engraved in their chest. Jeff Pinkner and Scott Rosenberg were told that Spider-Man could not be in the film before the initial pitch, and took the approach to try to stay faithful to the spirit of the comics even if certain elements had to be changed. Fleischer noted that Lethal Protector gave the writers a "solid foundation" to explore the more heroic side of Venom, rather than their more traditional villainous side from the Spider-Man comics.
In Let There Be Carnage, Venom's characterization takes inspiration from the 1993 "Maximum Carnage" story arc and the 1996 story arc The Venom Saga from the 1994 Spider-Man animated series. Venom's access to a symbiote hive mind allowing knowledge to be shared across the multiverse, introduced in the film's mid-credits scene as an ability common to all symbiotes, originated from Edge of Venomverse #2 (July 2017) as an ability unique to the Venomized Gwen Poole.
Reception
Hardy's performance received mixed reception upon Venom release. He was praised as "wicked fun" and "fun to watch" by Matthew Rozsa at Salon and Time Stephanie Zacharek, respectively. Writing for Variety, Owen Gleiberman criticized Hardy's performance as acting like a "stumblebum method goof", while Soren Anderson of The Seattle Times said that Hardy was "usually excellent" but "not this time". Jake Coyle from the Associated Press was not sure whether Hardy's performance "adds up to anything" in Venom.
Accolades
Notes
References
External links
Venom on the Marvel Cinematic Universe Wiki
Eddie Brock on the Marvel Cinematic Universe Wiki
Articles about multiple fictional characters
Extraterrestrial characters in films
Fictional amorphous creatures
Fictional cannibals
Fictional characters from San Francisco
Fictional characters who can stretch themselves
Fictional characters with healing abilities
Fictional characters with superhuman senses
Fictional extraterrestrial–human hybrids
Fictional outlaws
Fictional parasites and parasitoids
Fictional reporters
Fictional vigilantes
Film characters introduced in 2018
Hive minds in fiction
Marvel Comics characters who can move at superhuman speeds
Marvel Comics characters with accelerated healing
Marvel Comics characters with superhuman strength
Marvel Comics hybrids
Marvel Comics extraterrestrial superheroes
Merged fictional characters
Spider-Man film characters
Superheroes with alter egos
Venom (film series) | wiki |
A three-legged race is a running event involving pairs of participants running with the left leg of one runner strapped to the right leg of another runner. The objective is for the partners to beat the other contestant pairs to the finish line.
The longest distance ever run three-legged in 24 hours is 117.1km (72.7 miles) and was achieved by Gary Shaughnessy (Tadley, England) and Andy Tucker ( Tadley, England ), at Silchester on 9/10th October 2021. https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/longest-distance-run-three-legged-in-24-hours .This also happens to be the longest ever distance run three-legged. Gary Shaughnessy and Andy Tucker also broke the 12 hour record on the same day.
The world record for the most pairs in a three-legged race is 649, set in 2013 on the Isle of Man. An August 2014 attempt in Canberra organised by National Rugby League team Canberra Raiders failed; only 543 pairs competed.
References
External links
World Records for Three-Legged Running
https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/longest-distance-run-three-legged-in-24-hours
Largest Three-legged Race (Most Pairs)
Children's games
Games of physical skill
Novelty running | wiki |
A non-stop flight is a flight by an aircraft with no intermediate stops.
History
During the early age of aviation industry when aircraft range was limited, most flights were served in the form of milk run, aka there were many stops along the route. But as aviation technology develop and aircraft capability improves, non-stop flights begin to take over and have now become a dominant form of flight in the modern times.
The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 eventually opened up Russian airspace, allowing commercial airlines to exploit new circumpolar routes and enabling many new non-stop services, removing the need of making stopover in-between.
In the late 2000s to early 2010s, rising fuel prices coupled with economic crisis resulted in cancellation of many ultra-long haul non-stop flights. As fuel prices fell and aircraft became more economical the economic viability of ultra long haul flights improved.
Compare
Direct flights and non-stop flights are often confused with each other. Starting March 31, 2019, American Airlines started offering non-stop flights from Phoenix, Arizona to London, England, meaning that the plane leaves Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport and lands at Heathrow Airport. Conversely, a direct flight simply means that passengers typically would not get off the plane if it stops (lands) at a location between the two cities.
See also
Domestic flight
Flight duration
Flight length
Longest flights
ETOPS/LROPS
International flight
Mainline
World's busiest passenger air routes
Notes
References
External links
Understanding Travelspeak
Civil aviation | wiki |
GABA receptor antagonists are drugs that inhibit the action of GABA. In general these drugs produce stimulant and convulsant effects, and are mainly used for counteracting overdoses of sedative drugs.
Examples include bicuculline, securinine and metrazol, and the benzodiazepine GABAA receptor antagonist flumazenil.
Other agents which may have GABAA receptor antagonism include the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, tranexamic acid, thujone, ginkgo biloba, and kudzu.
See also
GABAA receptor negative allosteric modulators
External links
References
Biochemistry | wiki |
Sigle
OFP – Open face poker
OFP – Operation Flashpoint | wiki |
Allah Made Me Funny are an American comedy troupe.
Allah Made Me Funny may also refer to:
Allah Made Me Funny: The Official Muslim Comedy Tour, 2005 American concert film of the comedy troupe
Allah Made Me Funny: Live in Concert, 2008 American concert documentary film of the comedy troupe
Allah Made Me Funny - Official Muslim Comedy Show - Live HMV Apollo, 2009 American concert film of the comedy troupe | wiki |
Language learning is subject to several misconceptions. It is common for people to rely on their own intuitions about language learning, though they would not do so with other technical subjects such as physics (a phenomenon known as folk linguistics). However, these intuitions are often contradicted by scientific research.
Childhood language acquisition
Children learn their first language effortlessly
Learning a first language is not rapid for children. Children spend years learning their mother tongue, and the process continues well into their school years. At seven years old, for example, many children have difficulties creating passive-voice sentences.
A study on child L1 learners and adult L2 learners of Spanish showed that children do not acquire their first language any quicker than adults do their second language; conversely, the study suggests that the experience of older learners helps them acquire a better handle on the language in question.
Second-language acquisition
Younger learners learn languages more easily than older learners
It is often assumed that young children learn languages more easily than adolescents and adults. However, the reverse is true; older learners are faster. For example, a study of 17,000 British students showed that those who started learning French aged 11 performed better than those who started learning it aged 8. The only exception to this rule is in pronunciation. Young children invariably learn to speak their second language with native-like pronunciation, whereas learners who start learning a language at an older age only rarely reach a native-like level. The pronunciation seems to be anchored in the speaker from an early age and therefore difficult to change.
Intelligent people are better at learning languages
General intelligence is actually quite a poor indicator of language-learning ability. Motivation, tolerance for ambiguity, and self-esteem are all better indicators of language-learning success.
Immersion is the best way to learn a language
The ability for learners to develop their language skills depends to a large extent on the type of language input that they receive. For input to be effective for second-language acquisition, it must be comprehensible. Merely being immersed in a second-language environment is no guarantee of receiving comprehensible input. For example, learners living in a country where their second language is spoken may be lucky enough to interact with native speakers who can alter their speech to make it comprehensible; but equally, many learners will not have that same luck, and may not understand the vast majority of the input that they receive.
In addition, adult learners living in a foreign country may not have very high linguistic demands placed on them, for example if they are a low-level employee at a company. Without the incentive to develop high-level skills in their second language, learners may undergo language fossilisation, or a plateau in their language level.
Classroom instruction can be useful in both providing appropriate input for second-language learners, and for helping them overcome problems of fossilisation.
Research on bilingual education programs such as Structured English Immersion classes showed that students in these classes acquire skills equivalent to those of children in English-only programs. Those results suggest that a full immersion is not necessarily more advantageous than a partial immersion.
Grammar study is detrimental to second-language acquisition
The study of grammar is helpful for second-language learners, and a lack of grammar knowledge can slow down the language-learning process. On the other hand, relying on grammar instruction as the primary means of learning the language is also detrimental. A balance between these two extremes is necessary for optimal language learning.
Every child learns a second language in the same way
Not all learning methods are successful for all children. A more sociable student learns to speak the second language quicker so that they can be like their peers, without worrying about potential mistakes and the limits of their language resources. The shyer student learns by listening and observing what is going on around him or her. Research shows that both types of students succeed better depending on the context; the socially active student excels in group works, while the "active listener" excels in teacher-oriented activities. Such different types of learners suggest the inexistence of a universally efficient learning strategy, what is also suggested through experiments involving young L1 learners and adult L2 learners of the same language.
Children's behavior in the classroom also varies across cultures; a child accustomed to learning with peers will pay more attention to their classmates than to the teacher.
Social class differences also come into play: children from technologically advanced urban backgrounds are more exposed to academic language than children from rural and technologically less advanced backgrounds.
Bilingual education
Learning a second language hinders the development of the first language
Learners can learn two or more languages without their first language development being adversely affected. There is no such thing as a "fixed amount of space" for languages in the brain. In reality, learners' first languages and their additional languages become part of an integrated system.
Once a child can speak a language, the language-learning process is complete
Learning to speak a language conversationally is only part of the way towards becoming fluent in it. Just because a child can speak a language does not mean that they are yet capable of writing and understanding academic language. This kind of language is particularly important in school in the later grades. One study of 1,200 Canadian schoolchildren indicated that it may take between five and seven years longer to master academic language than to master conversational language.
See also
List of common misconceptions
References
Bibliography
Education-related lists
Language acquisition
Language learning
Second-language acquisition
Language education
Pseudolinguistics | wiki |
In economics, utility is the satisfaction or benefit derived by consuming a product. The marginal utility of a good or service describes how much pleasure or satisfaction is gained or lost by consumers as a result of the increase or decrease in consumption by one unit. There are three types of marginal utility. They are positive, negative, or zero marginal utility. For instance, you like eating pizza, the second piece of pizza brings you more satisfaction than only eating one piece of pizza. It means your marginal utility from purchasing pizza is positive. However, after eating the second piece you feel full, and you would not feel any better from eating the third piece. This means your marginal utility from eating pizza is zero. Moreover, you might feel sick if you eat more than three pieces of pizza. At this time, your marginal utility is negative. In other words, a negative marginal utility indicates that every unit of goods or service consumed will do more harm than good, which will lead to the decrease of overall utility level, while the positive marginal utility indicates that every unit of goods or services consumed will increase the overall utility level.
In the context of cardinal utility, economists postulate a law of diminishing marginal utility, which describes how the first unit of consumption of a particular good or service yields more utility than the second and subsequent units, with a continuing reduction for greater amounts. Therefore, the fall in marginal utility as consumption increases is known as diminishing marginal utility. Economists use this concept to determine how much of a good or service that a consumer is willing to purchase.
Marginality
In the study of Economics, the term marginal refers to a small change, starting from some baseline level. Philip Wicksteed explained the term as follows:
Marginal considerations are considerations which concern a slight increase or diminution of the stock of anything which we possess or are considering.
Another way to think of the term marginal is the cost or benefit of the next unit used or consumed, for example the benefit that you might get from consuming a piece of chocolate. The key to understanding marginality is through marginal analysis. Marginal analysis examines the additional benefits of an activity compared to additional costs sustained by that same activity. In practice, companies use marginal analysis to assist them in maximizing their potential profits and often used when making decisions about expanding or reducing production.
Utility
As a topic of economics, utility is used to measure worth or value. Economists have commonly described utility as if it were quantifiable, that is, as if different levels of utility could be compared along a numerical scale.
Initially, the term utility is equated usefulness with the production of pleasure and avoidance of pain by moral philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Moreover, under the influence of this philosophy, viewed utility as "the feelings of pleasure and pain" and further as a "quantity of feeling".
Contemporary mainstream economic theory frequently defers metaphysical questions, and merely notes or assumes that preference structures conforming to certain rules can be usefully proxied by associating goods, services, or their uses with quantities, and defines "utility" as such a quantification.
In any standard framework, the same object may have different marginal utilities for different people, reflecting different preferences or individual circumstances.
Law of diminishing marginal utility
The British economist Alfred Marshall believed that the more of something you have, the less of it you want. This phenomenon is referred to as diminishing marginal utility by economists. Diminishing marginal utility refers to the phenomenon that each additional unit of gain leads to an ever-smaller increase in subjective value. For example, three bites of candy are better than two bites, but the twentieth bite does not add much to the experience beyond the nineteenth (and could even make it worse). This effect is so well established that it is referred to as the "law of diminishing marginal utility" in economics (Gossen, 1854/1983), and is reflected in the concave shape of most subjective utility functions. This refers to the increase in utility an individual gains from increasing their consumption of a particular good. "The law of diminishing marginal utility is at the heart of the explanation of numerous economic phenomena, including time preference and the value of goods ... The law says, first, that the marginal utility of each homogeneous unit decreases as the supply of units increases (and vice versa); second, that the marginal utility of a larger-sized unit is greater than the marginal utility of a smaller-sized unit (and vice versa). The first law denotes the law of diminishing marginal utility; the second law denotes the law of increasing total utility."
In modern economics, choice under conditions of certainty at a single point in time is modelled via ordinal utility, in which the numbers assigned to the utility of a particular circumstance of the individual have no meaning by themselves, but which of two alternative circumstances has higher utility is meaningful. With the ordinal utility, a person's preferences have no unique marginal utility, and thus whether or not the marginal utility is diminishing is not meaningful. In contrast, the concept of diminishing marginal utility is meaningful in the context of cardinal utility, which in modern economics is used in analyzing intertemporal choice, choice under uncertainty, and social welfare.
The law of diminishing marginal utility is that subjective value changes most dynamically near the zero points and quickly levels off as gains (or losses) accumulate. And it is reflected in the concave shape of most subjective utility functions.
Given a concave relationship between objective gains (x-axis) and subjective value (y-axis), each one-unit gain produces a smaller increase in subjective value than the previous gain of an equal unit. The marginal utility, or the change in subjective value above the existing level, diminishes as gains increase.
As the rate of commodity acquisition increases, the marginal utility decreases. If commodity consumption continues to rise, marginal utility at some point may fall to zero, reaching maximum total utility. Further increase in the consumption of commodities causes the marginal utility to become negative; this signifies dissatisfaction. For example, beyond some point, further doses of antibiotics would kill no pathogens at all and might even become harmful to the body. Diminishing marginal utility is traditionally a microeconomic concept and often holds for an individual, although the marginal utility of a good or service might be increasing as well. For example, dosages of antibiotics, where having too few pills would leave bacteria with greater resistance, but a full supply could effect a cure.
As suggested elsewhere in this article, occasionally, one may come across a situation where marginal utility increases even at a macroeconomic level. For example, providing a service may only be viable if it is accessible to most or all of the population. The marginal utility of a raw material required to provide such a service will increase at the "tipping point" at which this occurs. This is similar to the position with huge items such as aircraft carriers: the numbers of these items involved are so small that marginal utility is no longer a helpful concept, as there is merely a simple "yes" or "no" decision.
Marginalist theory
Marginalism explains choice with the hypothesis that people decide whether to effect any given change based on the marginal utility of that change, with rival alternatives being chosen based upon which has the greatest marginal utility.
Market price and diminishing marginal utility
If an individual possesses a good or service whose marginal utility to him is less than that of some other good or service for which he could trade it, then it is in his interest to effect that trade. Of course, as one thing is sold and another is bought, the respective marginal gains or losses from further trades will change. If the marginal utility of one thing is diminishing, and the other is not increasing, all else being equal, an individual will demand an increasing ratio of that which is acquired to that which is sacrificed. One important way in which all else might not be equal is when the use of the one good or service complements that of the other. In such cases, exchange ratios might be constant. If any trader can better his position by offering a trade more favorable to complementary traders, then he will do so.
In an economy with money, the marginal utility of a quantity is simply that of the best good or service that it could purchase. In this way it is useful for explaining supply and demand, as well as essential aspects of models of imperfect competition.
Paradox of water and diamonds
The "paradox of water and diamonds" is most commonly associated with Adam Smith, though it was recognized by earlier thinkers. The apparent contradiction lies in the fact that water possesses a lower economic value than diamonds, even though water is far more vital to human existence. Smith suggested that there was an irrational divide between the 'use value' of something and the 'exchange value'. The things which have the greatest value in use frequently have little or no value in exchange; and likewise, things which have the greatest value in exchange have frequently little or no value in use. Nothing is more useful than water: but it will purchase scarcely anything. A diamond has hardly any practical value in use, but a great quantity of other goods may be had in exchange for it.
Price is determined by both marginal utility and marginal cost, and here is the key to the apparent paradox. The marginal cost of water is lower than the marginal cost of diamonds. That is not to say that the price of any good or service is simply a function of the marginal utility that it has for any one individual or for some ostensibly typical individual. Rather, individuals are willing to trade based upon the respective marginal utilities of the goods that they have or desire (with these marginal utilities being distinct for each potential trader), and prices thus develop constrained by these marginal utilities.
Marginalism limitations
Marginalism has many limitations like many economic theories. Economists often question if people act as they are portrayed within the theory. Understanding what is giving someone a specific amount of utility is extremely complex and varies from person to person and may not be stable. Another limitation is in regard to the way marginal change is measured. Measuring money is one of the simplest ways to analyse marginalism due to not having any other substitute. Although the limitation can be seen when attempting to measure the utility derived from other consumables such as food as there are too many substitutes and once again preferences can limit the accuracy.
Quantified marginal utility
Under the special case in which usefulness can be quantified, the change in utility of moving from state to state is
Moreover, if and are distinguishable by values of just one variable which is itself quantified, then it becomes possible to speak of the ratio of the marginal utility of the change in to the size of that change:
(where "c.p." indicates that the only independent variable to change is ).
Mainstream neoclassical economics will typically assume that the limit
exists, and use "marginal utility" to refer to the partial derivative
.
Accordingly, diminishing marginal utility corresponds to the condition
.
History
The concept of marginal utility grew out of attempts by economists to explain the determination of price. The term "marginal utility", credited to the Austrian economist Friedrich von Wieser by Alfred Marshall, was a translation of Wieser's term ("border-use").
Proto-marginalist approaches
Perhaps the essence of a notion of diminishing marginal utility can be found in Aristotle's Politics, wherein he writes
There has been marked disagreement about the development and role of marginal considerations in Aristotle's value theory.
A great variety of economists have concluded that there is some sort of interrelationship between utility and rarity that affects economic decisions, and in turn informs the determination of prices. Diamonds are priced higher than water because their marginal utility is higher than water .
Eighteenth-century Italian mercantilists, such as Antonio Genovesi, Giammaria Ortes, Pietro Verri, Marchese Cesare di Beccaria, and Count Giovanni Rinaldo Carli, held that value was explained in terms of the general utility and of scarcity, though they did not typically work-out a theory of how these interacted. In Della moneta (1751), Abbé Ferdinando Galiani, a pupil of Genovesi, attempted to explain value as a ratio of two ratios, utility and scarcity, with the latter component ratio being the ratio of quantity to use.
Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, in (1769), held that value derived from the general utility of the class to which a good belonged, from comparison of present and future wants, and from anticipated difficulties in procurement.
Like the Italian mercantists, Étienne Bonnot, Abbé de Condillac, saw value as determined by utility associated with the class to which the good belong, and by estimated scarcity. In (1776), Condillac emphasized that value is not based upon cost but that costs were paid because of value.
This last point was famously restated by the Nineteenth Century proto-marginalist, Richard Whately, who in Introductory Lectures on Political Economy (1832) wrote: (Whatley's student Senior is noted below as an early marginalist.)
Marginalists before the Revolution
The first unambiguous published statement of any sort of theory of marginal utility was by Daniel Bernoulli, in "Specimen theoriae novae de mensura sortis". This paper appeared in 1738, but a draft had been written in 1731 or in 1732. In 1728, Gabriel Cramer had produced fundamentally the same theory in a private letter. Each had sought to resolve the St. Petersburg paradox, and had concluded that the marginal desirability of money decreased as it was accumulated, more specifically such that the desirability of a sum were the natural logarithm (Bernoulli) or square root (Cramer) thereof. However, the more general implications of this hypothesis were not explicated, and the work fell into obscurity.
In "A Lecture on the Notion of Value as Distinguished Not Only from Utility, but also from Value in Exchange", delivered in 1833 and included in Lectures on Population, Value, Poor Laws and Rent (1837), William Forster Lloyd explicitly offered a general marginal utility theory, but did not offer its derivation nor elaborate its implications. The importance of his statement seems to have been lost on everyone (including Lloyd) until the early 20th century, by which time others had independently developed and popularized the same insight.
In An Outline of the Science of Political Economy (1836), Nassau William Senior asserted that marginal utilities were the ultimate determinant of demand, yet apparently did not pursue implications, though some interpret his work as indeed doing just that.
In "" (1844), Jules Dupuit applied a conception of marginal utility to the problem of determining bridge tolls.
In 1854, Hermann Heinrich Gossen published , which presented a marginal utility theory and to a very large extent worked-out its implications for the behavior of a market economy. However, Gossen's work was not well received in the Germany of his time, most copies were destroyed unsold, and he was virtually forgotten until rediscovered after the so-called Marginal Revolution.
Marginal Revolution
Marginalism eventually found a foothold by way of the work of three economists, Jevons in England, Menger in Austria, and Walras in Switzerland.
William Stanley Jevons first proposed the theory in "A General Mathematical Theory of Political Economy" (PDF), a paper presented in 1862 and published in 1863, followed by a series of works culminating in his book The Theory of Political Economy in 1871 that established his reputation as a leading political economist and logician of the time. Jevons' conception of utility was in the utilitarian tradition of Jeremy Bentham and of John Stuart Mill, but he differed from his classical predecessors in emphasizing that "value depends entirely upon utility", in particular, on "final utility upon which the theory of Economics will be found to turn." He later qualified this in deriving the result that in a model of exchange equilibrium, price ratios would be proportional not only to ratios of "final degrees of utility," but also to costs of production.
Carl Menger presented the theory in Grundsätze der Volkswirtschaftslehre (translated as Principles of Economics) in 1871. Menger's presentation is peculiarly notable on two points. First, he took special pains to explain why individuals should be expected to rank possible uses and then to use marginal utility to decide amongst trade-offs. (For this reason, Menger and his followers are sometimes called "the Psychological School", though they are more frequently known as "the Austrian School" or as "the Vienna School".) Second, while his illustrative examples present utility as quantified, his essential assumptions do not. (Menger in fact crossed-out the numerical tables in his own copy of the published Grundsätze.) Menger also developed the law of diminishing marginal utility. Menger's work found a significant and appreciative audience.
Marie-Esprit-Léon Walras introduced the theory in , the first part of which was published in 1874 in a relatively mathematical exposition. Walras's work found relatively few readers at the time but was recognized and incorporated two decades later in the work of Pareto and Barone.<ref>Donald A. Walker (1987), "Walras, Léon" The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 4, p. 862.</ref>
An American, John Bates Clark, is sometimes also mentioned. But, while Clark independently arrived at a marginal utility theory, he did little to advance it until it was clear that the followers of Jevons, Menger, and Walras were revolutionizing economics. Nonetheless, his contributions thereafter were profound.
Second generation
Although the Marginal Revolution flowed from the work of Jevons, Menger, and Walras, their work might have failed to enter the mainstream were it not for a second generation of economists. In England, the second generation were exemplified by Philip Henry Wicksteed, by William Smart, and by Alfred Marshall; in Austria by Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk and by Friedrich von Wieser; in Switzerland by Vilfredo Pareto; and in America by Herbert Joseph Davenport and by Frank A. Fetter.
There were significant, distinguishing features amongst the approaches of Jevons, Menger, and Walras, but the second generation did not maintain distinctions along national or linguistic lines. The work of von Wieser was heavily influenced by that of Walras. Wicksteed was heavily influenced by Menger. Fetter referred to himself and Davenport as part of "the American Psychological School", named in imitation of the Austrian "Psychological School". (And Clark's work from this period onward similarly shows heavy influence by Menger.) William Smart began as a conveyor of Austrian School theory to English-language readers, though he fell increasingly under the influence of Marshall.
Böhm-Bawerk was perhaps the most able expositor of Menger's conception.Böhm-Bawerk, Eugen Ritter von. "Grundzüge der Theorie des wirtschaftlichen Güterwerthes", Jahrbüche für Nationalökonomie und Statistik v 13 (1886). Translated as Basic Principles of Economic Value. He was further noted for producing a theory of interest and of profit in equilibrium based upon the interaction of diminishing marginal utility with diminishing marginal productivity of time and with time preference. This theory was adopted in full and then further developed by Knut Wicksell and with modifications including formal disregard for time-preference by Wicksell's American rival Irving Fisher.
Marshall was the second-generation marginalist whose work on marginal utility came most to inform the mainstream of neoclassical economics, especially by way of his Principles of Economics, the first volume of which was published in 1890. Marshall constructed the demand curve with the aid of assumptions that utility was quantified, and that the marginal utility of money was constant (or nearly so). Like Jevons, Marshall did not see an explanation for supply in the theory of marginal utility, so he synthesized an explanation of demand thus explained with supply explained in a more classical manner, determined by costs which were taken to be objectively determined. Marshall later actively mischaracterized the criticism that these costs were themselves ultimately determined by marginal utilities.
Marginal Revolution and Marxism
Karl Marx acknowledged that "nothing can have value, without being an object of utility",Marx, Karl Heinrich; Grundrisse (completed in 1857 though not published until much later) but in his analysis "use-value as such lies outside the sphere of investigation of political economy", with labor being the principal determinant of value under capitalism.
The doctrines of marginalism and the Marginal Revolution are often interpreted as somehow a response to Marxist economics. However the first volume of Das Kapital was not published until July 1867, after the works of Jevons, Menger, and Walras were written or well under way (Walras published in 1874 and Carl Menger published Principles of Economics in 1871); and Marx was still a relatively minor figure when these works were completed. It is unlikely that any of them knew anything of him. (On the other hand, Friedrich Hayek and W. W. Bartley III have suggested that Marx, voraciously reading at the British Museum, may have come across the works of one or more of these figures, and that his inability to formulate a viable critique may account for his failure to complete any further volumes of Kapital before his death.
Nonetheless, it is not unreasonable to suggest that the generation who followed the preceptors of the Revolution succeeded partly because they could formulate straightforward responses to Marxist economic theory. The most famous of these was that of Böhm-Bawerk, (1896), but the first was Wicksteed's "The Marxian Theory of Value. Das Kapital: a criticism" (1884, followed by "The Jevonian criticism of Marx: a rejoinder" in 1885). Initially there were only a few Marxist responses to marginalism, of which the most famous were Rudolf Hilferding's Böhm-Bawerks Marx-Kritik (1904) and Politicheskoy ekonomii rante (1914) by Nikolai Bukharin. However, over the course of the 20th century a considerable literature developed on the conflict between marginalism and the labour theory of value, with the work of the neo-Ricardian economist Piero Sraffa providing an important critique of marginalism.
It might also be noted that some followers of Henry George similarly consider marginalism and neoclassical economics a reaction to Progress and Poverty'', which was published in 1879.
In the 1980s John Roemer and other analytical Marxists have worked to rebuild Marxian theses on a marginalist foundation.
Reformulation
In his 1881 work Mathematical Psychics, Francis Ysidro Edgeworth presented the indifference curve, deriving its properties from marginalist theory which assumed utility to be a differentiable function of quantified goods and services. Later work attempted to generalize to the indifference curve formulations of utility and marginal utility in avoiding unobservable measures of utility.
In 1915, Eugen Slutsky derived a theory of consumer choice solely from properties of indifference curves. Because of the World War, the Bolshevik Revolution, and his own subsequent loss of interest, Slutsky's work drew almost no notice, but similar work in 1934 by John Richard Hicks and R. G. D. Allen derived largely the same results and found a significant audience. (Allen subsequently drew attention to Slutsky's earlier accomplishment.)
Although some of the third generation of Austrian School economists had by 1911 rejected the quantification of utility while continuing to think in terms of marginal utility, most economists presumed that utility must be a sort of quantity. Indifference curve analysis seemed to represent a way to dispense with presumptions of quantification, albeit that a seemingly arbitrary assumption (admitted by Hicks to be a "rabbit out of a hat") about decreasing marginal rates of substitution would then have to be introduced to have convexity of indifference curves.
For those who accepted that indifference curve analysis superseded earlier marginal utility analysis, the latter became at best perhaps pedagogically useful, but "old fashioned" and observationally unnecessary.
Revival
When Cramer and Bernoulli introduced the notion of diminishing marginal utility, it had been to address a paradox of gambling, rather than the paradox of value. The marginalists of the revolution, however, had been formally concerned with problems in which there was neither risk nor uncertainty. So too with the indifference curve analysis of Slutsky, Hicks, and Allen.
The expected utility hypothesis of Bernoulli and others was revived by various 20th century thinkers, with early contributions by Ramsey (1926), von Neumann and Morgenstern (1944), and Savage (1954). Although this hypothesis remains controversial, it brings not only utility, but a quantified conception of utility (cardinal utility), back into the mainstream of economic thought.
A major reason why quantified models of utility are influential today is that risk and uncertainty have been recognized as central topics in contemporary economic theory. Quantified utility models simplify the analysis of risky decisions because, under quantified utility, diminishing marginal utility implies risk aversion. In fact, many contemporary analyses of saving and portfolio choice require stronger assumptions than diminishing marginal utility, such as the assumption of prudence, which means convex marginal utility.
Meanwhile, the Austrian School continued to develop its ordinalist notions of marginal utility analysis, formally demonstrating that from them proceed the decreasing marginal rates of substitution of indifference curves.
See also
Diminishing returns
Economic subjectivism
Marginalism
Microeconomics
Paradox of value
Pareto efficiency
Rivalry (economics)
Shadow price
Theory of value (economics)
Utility
References
Further reading
External links
Maximization of Originality
Marginal concepts
Utility
Welfare economics
Economics laws
Austrian School
Management cybernetics | wiki |
Shouthélah est un fils d'Éphraïm fils de Joseph et d'Asnath. Ses descendants s'appellent les Shouthélahites.
La famille de Shouthélah
Shouthélah est un fils d'Éphraïm, a pour frères Béker et Tahân, a pour fils Érân.
La famille des Shouthélahites
La famille des Shouthélahites dont l'ancêtre est Shouthélah sort du pays d'Égypte avec Moïse.
Références
Personnage du Tanakh
Personnage de l'Ancien Testament | wiki |
Philip Hughes – calciatore irlandese
Phil Hughes, nome completo Philip Anthony Hughes – calciatore e allenatore di calcio nordirlandese
Phil Hughes, nome completo Philip Joseph Hughes – giocatore di baseball statunitense
Phil Hughes – sceneggiatore | wiki |
Drifting back (Genius Of Time) (2011), een lied van Genius Of Time
Driftin' back (Neil Young) (2012), een lied van Neil Young | wiki |
Run-in period is a period between the recruitment and randomization phases of a clinical trial, when all participants receive the same treatment, which may be active treatment, a placebo or no treatment at all. The clinical data from this stage of a trial are only occasionally of value but can serve a valuable role in screening out ineligible or non-compliant participants, in ensuring that participants are in a stable condition, and in providing baseline observations. A run-in period is sometimes called a washout period if treatments that participants were using before entering the clinical trial are discontinued.
See also
Data management
Randomized controlled trial
Regulatory requirement
Safety monitoring
Serious adverse event
Standard operating procedures
Standard treatment
Study population
References
Clinical research | wiki |
The 1971 Senior League World Series took place from August 16–21 in Gary, Indiana, United States. La Habra, California defeated Richmond, Virginia in the championship game.
Teams
Results
Winner's Bracket
Loser's Bracket
Elimination Round
References
Senior League World Series
Senior League World Series
Baseball competitions in Indiana
Sports in Gary, Indiana
1971 in sports in Indiana | wiki |
Corporal punishment refers to causing physical pain as a form of punishment.
Corporal Punishment may also refer to:
"Corporal Punishment" (Blackadder), an episode of Blackadder Goes Forth
"Corporal Punishment" (NCIS), an episode of NCIS
Corporal Punishment (wrestler), American professional wrestler
Corporal Punishment (The Simpsons), a fictional character on The Simpsons | wiki |
The Government of Meghalaya also known as the State Government of Meghalaya, is the supreme governing authority of the Indian state of Meghalaya and its 11 districts. It consists of an executive, led by the Governor of Meghalaya, a judiciary and a legislative branch.
Like other states in India, the head of state of Meghalaya is the Governor, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Union Government. His or her post is largely ceremonial. The Chief Minister is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers. Shillong is the capital of Meghalaya, and houses the Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) and the Secretariat. The Meghalaya High Court, located in Shillong, Meghalaya, exercises the jurisdiction and powers in respect of cases arising in the State of Meghalaya.
The present Meghalaya Legislative Assembly is unicameral, consisting of 60 Member of the Legislative Assembly (M.L.A). Its term is 5 years, unless sooner dissolved.
Political situation of meghalya
Government and politics in Meghalaya, by R. S. Lyngdoh. Sanchar Pub. House, 1996. .
External links | wiki |
A sense in biology and psychology, is a physiological mechanism that supports perception.
Sense also may refer to:
Music
Sense (band), a synthpop trio featuring Paul K. Joyce
Sense (In the Nursery album), 1991
Sense (Mr. Children album), 2010
Sense (The Lightning Seeds album), 1992
"Sense" (song), 2021 song by Band-Maid
"Sense", 2018 song by Last Dinosaurs from Yumeno Garden
"Sense", 1992 song by The Lightning Seeds from Sense
"Sense", 1994 song by Terry Hall from Home
"Sense", 2013 song by Tom Odell from Long Way Down
"Senses", 1981 song by New Order from Movement
"Senses", 1970 song by Willie Nelson from Laying My Burdens Down
"The Sense", 2002 song by Hot Water Music from Caution
Other
Sense (electronics), a technique used in power supplies to produce the correct voltage for a load
Sense (molecular biology), the roles of nucleic-acid molecules in specifying amino acids
Sense (programming), an educational programming environment
Sense (river), a tributary of the River Saane in Switzerland
Sense Worldwide, a London-based co-creation consulting company
HTC Sense, a mobile software suite developed by HTC
Senses (tribe), a Dacian tribe
See also
Common sense, sound practical judgment concerning everyday matters
Sense and reference, philosophical distinction introduced by Gottlob Frege
Sensor, a mechanism to detect events or changes in its environment
Word sense, the meaning carried by a word
Sensory (disambiguation) | wiki |
Resonate relates to the phenomenon of resonance.
Resonate may also refer to:
Resonate, an album by Sonicflood
Resonate (album), a 2016 album by Glenn Hughes
Resonate (company), a technology company
Resonate (festival), an annual festival for art and digital culture in Belgrade, Serbia
Resonate Broadcasting, an Australian media company
Resonate Group, a British software, technology and services company
Resonate Magazine, published by the Australian Music Centre | wiki |
50 Signs of Mental Illness: A Guide to Understanding Mental Health is a 2005 book by psychiatrist James Whitney Hicks published by Yale University Press. The book is designed as an accessible psychiatric reference for non-professionals that describes symptoms, treatments and strategies for understanding mental health.
A review in the American Journal of Psychiatry commended its phrasing of acceptable ways to speak about mental illness.
List of signs
The 50 signs covered in the book are:
Anger
Antisocial Behavior
Anxiety
Appetite disturbances
Avoidance
Body image problems
Compulsions
Confusion
Craving
Deceitfulness
Delusions
Denial
Depression
Dissociation
Euphoria
Fatigue
Fears
Flashbacks
Grandiosity
Grief
Hallucinations
Histrionics
Hyperactivity
Identity confusion
Impulsiveness
Intoxication
Jealousy
Learning difficulties
Mania
Memory loss
Mood swings
Movement problems
Nonsense
Obsessions
Oddness
Panic
Paranoia
Physical complaints and pain
Psychosis
Religious preoccupations
Self-esteem problems
Self-mutilation
Sexual performance problems
Sexual preoccupations
Sleep problems
Sloppiness
Speech difficulties
Stress
Suicidal thoughts
Psychological trauma
References
Further reading
Bardi, C. A. (2005). The Promise And Perils Of Psychological Self-Help. PsycCRITIQUES, 50(51).
Lieberman, E. J. (2005, April 15). Book Review. Library Journal, 130(7): 107.
Mott, G. (2005, March 29). How Sick Is Your Thinking Really? Washington Post, HE02.
Regan, M. B. (2005, April 1). Understanding mental illness. Baltimore Sun.
American Psychiatric Association (July, 2018)
External links
Official site
Yale University Press
2005 non-fiction books
Books about mental health | wiki |
Candlewicking, or candlewick is a form of whitework embroidery that traditionally uses an unbleached cotton thread on a piece of unbleached muslin. It gets its name from the nature of the soft spun cotton thread, which was braided then used to form the wick for candles. Motifs are created using a variety of traditional embroidery stitches as well as a tufted stitch. Subject matter is usually taken from nature—flowers, insects, pine trees, and so on, Other traditional motifs resemble Pennsylvania Dutch or Colonial American designs. Modern designs include colored floss embroidery with the traditional white on white stitching.
Loom-woven or machine-made candlewicks of the early 19th century are white bedcovers with designs created during the weaving process by raising loops over a small twig or tool.
Contemporary candlewicking is most commonly used as a cushion cover.
Citations
External links
Embroidery | wiki |
Philip 'Phil' Scanlan is a British former sports shooter who won three Commonwealth Games medals. He was Team GB Shooting Team Leader at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Sports shooting career
Scanlan represented England and won two bronze medals in the small bore rifle prone and small bore rifle prone pairs with Bob Jarvis, at the 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland, New Zealand. Eight years later he won a third medal when securing a silver medal in the 50 metres free rifle prone pairs with Neil Day.
References
External Links
1957 births
Living people
British male sport shooters
Shooters at the 1990 Commonwealth Games
Shooters at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games medallists in shooting
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for England
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for England
Medallists at the 1990 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 1998 Commonwealth Games | wiki |
To retrofit is to add new technology or features to older systems.
Retrofit may also refer to:
Retrofit (album), a 2010 album by Section 25
Retrofit, a 2004 album by Daryl Stuermer
Retrofit (company), a weight loss company
Retrofit Films, a production company | wiki |
Apatheia (filozofia)
Apatia (grupa muzyczna)
Apatia (psychopatologia)
Zobacz też
Apatia seksualna | wiki |
Vernon Connors es un deportista virgenense estadounidense que compitió en taekwondo. Ganó una medalla de bronce en el Campeonato Panamericano de Taekwondo de 1982 en la categoría de –68 kg.
Palmarés internacional
Referencias
Connors, Vernon | wiki |
This is a list of tennis players who have represented the Switzerland Davis Cup team in an official Davis Cup match. Switzerland have taken part in the competition since 1923.
Players
References
Lists of Davis Cup tennis players
Davis Cup | wiki |
Experimental data in science and engineering is data produced by a measurement, test method, experimental design or quasi-experimental design. In clinical research any data produced are the result of a clinical trial. Experimental data may be qualitative or quantitative, each being appropriate for different investigations.
Generally speaking, qualitative data are considered more descriptive and can be subjective in comparison to having a continuous measurement scale that produces numbers. Whereas quantitative data are gathered in a manner that is normally experimentally repeatable, qualitative information is usually more closely related to phenomenal meaning and is, therefore, subject to interpretation by individual observers.
Experimental data can be reproduced by a variety of different investigators and mathematical analysis may be performed on these data.
See also
Accuracy and precision
Computer science
Data analysis
Empiricism
Epistemology
Informatics (academic field)
Knowledge
Philosophy of information
Philosophy of science
Qualitative research
Quantitative research
Scientific method
Statistics
References
NIST/SEMATEK (2008) Handbook of Statistical Methods
Data | wiki |
UTC−08:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of −08:00. This time is used:
As standard time (Northern Hemisphere winter)
Principal cities: Los Angeles, San Francisco Bay Area, San Diego, Sacramento, Las Vegas, Portland, Seattle, Vancouver, Victoria, Tijuana
North America
Canada (Pacific Time Zone)
British Columbia
Except Northern Rockies Regional Municipality, Peace River Regional District, and the south-eastern communities of Cranbrook, Golden, Invermere and Kimberley
Mexico
Baja California
United States (Pacific Time Zone)
California
Idaho
North of Salmon River
Nevada (except West Wendover)
Oregon
All of the state except Malheur County (but including a small strip in the south of Malheur)
Washington
As daylight saving time (Northern Hemisphere summer)
Principal city: Anchorage
North America
United States (Alaska Time Zone)
Alaska
Except Aleutian Islands west of 169.30°W
As standard time (year-round)
Principal settlement: Adamstown
Oceania
Pacific Ocean
Polynesia
France
Clipperton Island
United Kingdom
Pitcairn Islands
Ducie Island
Oeno Island
Henderson Island
See also
Effects of time zones on North American broadcasting
Time in Canada
Time in France
Time in Mexico
Time in the United States
Time in the United Kingdom
References
External links
UTC offsets | wiki |
Кокоат натрия (Sodium cocoate) — общее название для смеси солей жирных кислот (кислые соли) кокосового масла, которое используется в мыловарении. Кокоат натрия получают путём гидролиза эфирных связей в кокосовом масле, с помощью гидроксида натрия, сильное основание.
Примечания
Соединения натрия | wiki |
Negative return may refer to:
Negative return (finance) a loss on a financial investment
Negative return, the point in the ascent at which an RTLS was no longer possible in Space Shuttle abort modes | wiki |
the film Army of Darkness
a stable run by Kevin Sullivan (wrestler)
the True Army of Darkness (Kane and Undertaker)
the New Army of Darkness (the Wyatts) | wiki |
The German Identity Card (, ) is issued to German citizens by local registration offices in Germany and diplomatic missions abroad, while they are produced at the Bundesdruckerei in Berlin.
Obligation of identification
According to the German law of obligation of identification, it is compulsory for everyone in Germany age 16 or older to possess either an identity card or a passport. While police officers and some other government officials have a right to demand to see one of these documents, the law does not stipulate that one is obliged to submit the document at that very moment.
As everyone in Germany must possess an ID card or a passport, acceptance of other official documents (like driving licences) as proof of identity is not guaranteed, especially for old driving licences with less security. Driving licences issued before 2013 are not replaced in Germany, so the same document is kept.
German citizens travelling inside Europe (except Belarus, Russia, Ukraine and United Kingdom) or to Egypt, French overseas territories, Georgia, Montserrat (max.14 days), Turkey, and on organized tours to Tunisia can use their ID card, which is a machine-readable travel document, instead of a passport.
Just like German passports, German identity cards are valid for ten years (six years if the holder is under 24 on the date of issue).
The ID card currently costs 37€ (€22.80 if the holder is under 24 on the date of issue).
History
In 1938, the Nazis obliged men of military age and Jews (who had a 'J' marked on their card) to carry identity cards. Shortly after the start of World War II, this was extended to apply to all citizens over the age of 15.
In 1951, both the West German and the East German authorities began issuing booklet identity cards in the ID-2 format.
In West Germany an improved identity card was developed in the 1980s and issued from April 1987 on. The card consisted of a single laminated sheet of paper with a machine-readable zone. To prevent counterfeiting, it contained watermarks, , microprinting, fluorescent dyes, and multi-colour fluorescent fibres. In addition, the holder's name was laser engraved into the plastic film and the holder's picture was printed on the document, so it could not be removed and replaced by a different one (unlike the older ID cards, where the picture was just glued to the document).
When East Germany joined West Germany on 3 October 1990, the West German identity card was introduced in the former East German territory; unexpired East German identity cards could still be used until 31 December 1995.
In November 2001, the so-called feature was added – a number of holographic security elements, including a three-dimensional German Eagle, a holographic copy of the holder's picture (the so-called Holographic Shadow Picture), a holographic copy of the machine-readable zone, holographic microprinting, and kinematic elements.
The current ID-1 type has been issued since November 2010. It contains an RFID chip similar to that in biometric passports. The chip stores the information given on the ID card (like name or date of birth), the holder's picture (which, unlike the picture on older ID cards, has to be a biometric one), and, if the holder wishes so, also his/her fingerprints. In addition, the new ID card can be used for online authentication (such as for age verification or for e-government applications). An electronic signature, provided by a private company, can also be stored on the chip.
Physical appearance
The current ID card is an ID-1 (credit card size) plastic card with an embedded RFID chip. It is covered with multi-colour guillochés and appears green-brown from a distance. All the information on it (except for nationality and colour of eyes) is given in German, English, and French.
Front side
The front side shows the German Eagle and the words " / FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY / " and " / IDENTITY CARD / ". It contains the following information:
Photo of ID card holder (biometric photo)
Document number (9 alphanumeric digits)
Access number for RFID chip (6 decimal digits)
Surname
Doctorate (only if holder holds this degree)
Birthname (only if differing from current surname)
Given name(s)
Date of birth (dd.mm.yyyy)
Nationality ()
Place of birth (Only the city/town of birth, no country)
Date of expiry (dd.mm.yyyy)
Signature of holder
Rear side
The rear side shows the Brandenburg Gate. It contains the following information:
Colour of eyes
Height in cm
Date of issue (dd.mm.yy)
Issuing authority
Residence (postal code, town, street, house number)
Religious name or Pseudonym (only if holder has one)
Machine-readable zone
Machine-readable zone
The MRZ is structured according to the ICAO standard for machine-readable ID cards:
First line
Second line
Third line
Empty spaces are represented by "<".
Different spellings of the same name within the same document
German names: German names containing umlauts (, , ) and/or are spelled in the correct way in the non-machine-readable zone of the ID card, but with , , and/or in the machine-readable zone, e.g. becomes , becomes , and becomes .
The transcription mentioned above is generally used for aircraft tickets etc., but sometimes (like in US visas) also simple vowels are used (, ), so passport, visa, and aircraft ticket may display different spellings of the same name.
The three possible spelling variants of the same name (e.g. ) in different documents sometimes lead to confusion, and the use of two different spellings within the same document may give persons unfamiliar with German orthography the impression that the document is a forgery.
Non-German names: In some names of naturalised citizens, some special letters that are not available may always be replaced by simple letters, also in the non-machine-readable zone. The "," which prints the German passports, uses the font LA8 Passport, which includes a Latin subset of the Unicode characters (ISO 10646), so that letters such as and can be displayed at least in the non-machine-readable ID card zone. In the machine-readable zone, special characters are either replaced by simple characters (e.g., becomes ) or transcribed according to the ICAO rules (e.g., becomes , becomes , etc.).
Names originally written in a non-Latin writing system may pose another problem if there are various internationally recognised transcription standards.
For example, the Russian surname is transcribed
"" in German,
"Gorbachev" in English (also ICAO standard),
"" in French,
"" in Spanish,
"" in Polish, and so on.
German identity documents use the in Germany officially registered name in Latin letters, normally based on transcription into German.
German naming law accepts umlauts and/or in family names as a reason for an official name change (even just the change of the spelling, e.g. from to or from to is regarded as a name change).
Chip
Newer ID cards contain an ISO 18000-3 and ISO 14443 compatible 13.56 MHz RFID chip that uses the ISO 7816 protocols. The chip stores the information given on the ID card (like name or date of birth), the holder's picture and, if the holder wishes so, also his/her fingerprints. In addition, the new ID card can be used for online authentication (e.g. for age verification or for e-government applications). An electronic signature, provided by a private company, can also be stored on the chip. According to EU rules cards issued after 2021 need to have fingerprints stored in the chip.
The document number, the photo, and the fingerprints can be read only by law enforcement agencies and some other authorities. All ID card
agencies have been supplied with reading devices that have been certified by the German
Federal Office for Information Security (BSI). Agency staff can use these modules to display
all of the personal data stored on the chip, including the digital passport photo and, where
applicable, the stored fingerprints.
To use the online authentication function, the holder needs a six-digit decimal PIN. If the holder types in the wrong PIN, he has to type in the six-digit decimal access code given on the ID card to prove he/she really possesses the ID card. If the wrong PIN is used three times, a PUK must be used to unlock the chip.
The data on the chip are protected by Basic Access Control and Extended Access Control.
Security features
The identity card contains the following security features:
multicoloured
microprinting:
fluorescent elements which luminesce in various colors under UV light:
UV overprint:
eagles and (in macroprinting): red-orange
(in microprinting): yellow
: turquoise
randomly distributed fluorescent fibres: red, yellow, turquoise
tactile features:
access number for RFID chip and date of expire are tactile
surface embossing: map of Germany and microlettering
security thread: colour changes when viewed under different angles; is personalized: NNNNNNNNNN<<SURNAME<<GIVEN<NAMES<<<<<<<<<< (NNNNNNNNNN is the document number including a check digit; a total of 42 digits can be found on the thread))
changeable laser image: shows either the date of expire or the holder's portrait depending on angle
color-changing ink: the colour of the text changes from black to green to blue
2D and 3D holographic security elements:
colour-changing holograms: colour changes depending on angle (violet-blue-turquoise-green-yellow-orange-red)
holographic portrait: holographic reproduction of the holder's picture
four eagles at the left side of the holographic portrait: change their colour under a different angle than the portrait itself
document number: NNNNNNNNN, 9 digits
holder's name: SURNAME<<GIVEN<NAMES<<<<<<<<<<, 30 digits
green kinematic structures above the conventional picture:
eagle: bright eagle on dark hexagon changes to dark eagle on bright hexagon to letter in hexagon when document is tilted
hexagon: moves across the picture when document is tilted
stars: change their size when document is tilted
letter : moves across the picture and turns into a star
text on the left side of the picture; visible only under a certain angle
macrolettering:
microlettering:
machine-verifiable structure: a red spot which can be checked by machines
3D eagle: a red-gold eagle visible only under a certain angle
Problems and challenges
The benefits and even the existence of the electronic ID cards are largely unknown to German citizens which is why the vast majority does not use it. In 2019, only 6 percent of all German citizens made use of their electronic ID. 32% have not even activated the service, mostly because they do not know what to do with it or what it is or they do not see additional value in it. The German government, therefore, has failed to communicate the potential value that it adds to the lives of the citizens and to build trust in it. The government's attempt to boost the usage by automatically enabling the service on newly issued ID cards does not address the issue of trust and value proposition.
Additionally, the eID is not applicable for many transactions compared to other countries. Only 45 services are available which can be used by all German citizens, the remaining 86 are only usable in specific municipalities and federal states (BCG, 2020). Introducing the electronic services is costly, which means that there also exist adaptation barriers from the site of the provider, especially for small administrative offices.
The slow development is also problematic for the introduction of future electronic services in other areas. For example, the eID is a requirement for digital medical records offered by health insurances (BCG, 2020). This implies that the slow adaptation of the eID also slows down digitalisation in other areas.
Learnings
In developed countries such as Germany, electronic ID cards were the inevitable option, given their feasibility and widespread availability. Placing a microchip in the ID card and storing the required data provides electronic identification and signature for every person who possesses it. To get an ID card, a person must undergo identification verification at the Ministry of the Interior (MUP). An eID enables the conduct of various online administrative processes but the carriers of financial services are considered to benefit from this innovation and support it the most. All of that is being a part of the digitization policy.
East German Identity Card
Identity cards in East Germany came in the form of paper booklets in a blue plastic cover, much like modern day passports. On the outside, the Emblem of the German Democratic Republic as well as the words "" ("German Democratic Republic") are embossed. Inside the cover page there is a notice to the bearer:
Bürger der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
Dieser Ausweis ist Ihr wichtigstes Dokument
Sie haben deshalb:
1. diesen Personalausweis stets bei sich zu tragen, sorgfältig zu behandeln, vor Verlust zu schützen und auf Verlangen der Volkspolizei vorzuzeigen bzw. auszuhändigen;
2. keine eigenmächtigen Eintragungen im Ausweis vorzunehmen, diesen nicht als Pfand oder zur Benutzung anderen Personen zu überlassen bzw. von anderen Personen entgegenzunehmen;
3. jeden Wohnungswechsel innerhalb von drei Tagen bei der zuständigen VP-Dienststelle zu melden;
4. jeden Verlust dieses Ausweises unverzüglich bei der nächsten VP-Dienststelle anzuzeigen.
Which translates to:
Citizen of the German Democratic Republic
This identity card is your most important document
Therefore you must:
1. carry this identity card with you at all times, handle it with care, protect it from loss, and show or hand it to the on demand;
2. not make any entries into this identity card, give it to another person as a pawn or to be used, or accept it as such;
3. notify the responsible office of any change of residence within three days;
4. immediately report any loss of this identity card to the nearest VP office.
See also
German passport
German residence permit (identity document for non-EU citizens living in Germany)
(identity document used in Nazi Germany)
National identity cards in the European Union
References
External links
General information about the new German ID card on personalausweisportal.de (German)
General information about the new German ID card on bundesdruckerei.de (English)
Security features of the new German ID card on bundesdruckerei.de (English)
Security features of the 1987–2001 ID card on PRADO (English)
Security features of the 2001–2010 ID card on PRADO (English)
Security features of the current ID card on PRADO (English)
Germany
Identity documents of Germany
Privacy in Germany | wiki |
UTC−04:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of −04:00.
It is observed in the Eastern Time Zone (e.g., Canada and the United States) during the warm months of daylight saving time, as Eastern Daylight Time. The Atlantic Time Zone observes it during standard time (cold months).
It is observed all year in the Eastern Caribbean and several South American countries.
As standard time (Northern Hemisphere winter)
Principal cities: Halifax, Hamilton
North America
Canada – Atlantic Time Zone
New Brunswick
Newfoundland and Labrador
Labrador
Except the area between L'Anse-au-Clair and Norman Bay
Nova Scotia
Prince Edward Island
Denmark
Greenland
Pituffik (Thule) (former settlement), Qaanaaq (present settlement)
United Kingdom
Bermuda
As daylight saving time (Northern Hemisphere summer)
Principal cities: New York, Washington, Philadelphia, Boston, Miami, Ottawa, Toronto, Montreal, Havana, Nassau, Port-au-Prince, Cockburn Town, Providenciales
North America
Canada (Eastern Time Zone)
Nunavut
Qikiqtaaluk Region except Resolute
Ontario
East of 90° West longitude
Quebec
Most of province except easternmost part of Côte-Nord
United States (Eastern Time Zone)
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Entire state except the counties of Bay, Calhoun, Escambia, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and Washington, and northern Gulf county (panhandle)
Georgia
Indiana
Except the northwestern counties of Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter and Starke, and the southwestern counties of Gibson, Perry, Posey, Spencer, Vanderburgh and Warrick
Kentucky
Counties to the east of the counties of Breckinridge, Grayson, Hart, Green, Adair, Russell and Clinton
Maryland
Michigan
Except the western counties of Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron and Menominee
New England (states of Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont)
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
Tennessee
The counties of Scott, Morgan, Roane, Rhea, Meigs and Bradley, and all counties to the east of these
Virginia
West Virginia
Caribbean
Bahamas
Cuba
Haiti
United Kingdom
Turks and Caicos Islands
As standard time (year-round)
Principal cities: Caracas, Manaus, Santo Domingo, La Paz, Georgetown, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, St. John's, Bridgetown, Roseau, Santo Domingo, Gustavia, St. George's, The Bottom, Oranjestad, Philipsburg, Lower Prince's Quarter, Basseterre, Castries, Kingstown, Port of Spain, San Fernando, The Valley, Road Town, Plymouth, Brades, Little Bay, San Juan, Charlotte Amalie, Oranjestad, Kralendijk, Willemstad, Pointe-à-Pitre, Les Abymes, Fort-de-France, Maracaibo
South America
Bolivia
Brazil
The states of Amazonas (except westernmost municipalities), Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rondônia and Roraima)
Guyana
Venezuela
Eastern Caribbean
Antigua and Barbuda
Barbados
Dominica
Dominican Republic
France
Guadeloupe
Basse-Terre
Grande-Terre
Les Saintes
Marie-Galante
La Désirade
Martinique
Saint Barthélemy
Saint Martin
Grenada
Carriacou and Petite Martinique
Netherlands
Saba
Sint Eustatius
Sint Maarten
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts
Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Saint Vincent
The Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago
Tobago
Trinidad
United Kingdom
Anguilla
British Virgin Islands
Tortola
Virgin Gorda
Anegada
Jost Van Dyke
Montserrat
US territories
United States
Puerto Rico
Spanish Virgin Islands
United States Virgin Islands
Saint Croix
Saint Thomas
Saint John
Water Island
Other Caribbean
Netherlands
Aruba
Bonaire
Curaçao
North America
Canada – Atlantic Time Zone
Quebec
East of the 63°W longitude
Prince Edward Island
Antarctica
Southern Ocean
Some bases in Antarctica. See also Time in Antarctica
Brazil
Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station
Russia
Bellingshausen Station
As standard time (Southern Hemisphere winter)
Principal cities: Santiago, Asunción
South America
Chile (except Easter Island and Magallanes/Antarctic)
Paraguay
Antarctica
Some bases in Antarctica. See also Time in Antarctica
See also
UTC−05:00
UTC−03:00
Time in Argentina
Time in Brazil
Time in Canada
Time in Chile
Time in Denmark
Time in Mexico
Time in Paraguay
Time in the United States
Time in Trinidad and Tobago
Time in Uruguay
Time in Venezuela
References
External links
UTC offsets | wiki |
Ghost Adventures is an American paranormal documentary and reality television series created by Zak Bagans and Nick Groff, airing on the Travel Channel. The series follows ghost hunters Zak Bagans, Nick Groff (seasons 1–10), and Aaron Goodwin as they investigate locations that are reported to be haunted. The show is introduced and narrated by Bagans.
Series overview
Episodes
Season 1 (2008)
Season 2 (2009)
Season 3 (2009–10)
Season 4 (2010–11)
Season 5 (2011)
Season 6 (2012)
Season 7 (2012–13)
Season 8 (2013)
Season 9 (2014)
Season 10 (2014–15)
Season 11 (2015)
Season 12 (2016)
Season 13 (2016–17)
Season 14 (2017)
Season 15 (2017–18)
Season 16 (2018)
Season 17 (2018)
Season 18 (2019)
Season 19 (2019–20)
Season 20 (2020–21)
Beginning with the "House of Brujeria" episode, all episodes are exclusively premiered on Discovery+
Season 21 (2021)
Season 22 (2022)
Season 23 (2022)
Specials
References
General references
External links
Ghost Adventures
Lists of American non-fiction television series episodes | wiki |
Braciola (; plural braciole ) may refer to several distinct dishes in Italian cuisine.
Cut of meat
Braciola may refer to an Italian dish, consisting of slices of meat that are pan-fried or grilled, often in their own juice or in a small amount of light olive oil. They are different from the finer cut fettine ("small/thin slices"), which never have bone and are generally thinner.
Involtini
In Sicilian cuisine, Italian-American cuisine and Italian Australian cuisine, braciola (plural braciole) are thin slices of meat (typically pork, chicken, beef, or swordfish) that are rolled as a roulade (this category of rolled food is known as involtini in Italian) with cheese and bread crumbs and fried. In Sicilian, this dish is also called bruciuluni.
Braciole can be cooked along with meatballs and Italian sausage in a Neapolitan ragù or tomato sauce, which some call sarsa or succu (Sicilian), or 'Sunday gravy' in some areas of the northeastern United States. They can also be prepared without tomato sauce. There exist many variations on the recipe, including variations of cheese and the addition of vegetables, such as eggplant. Braciole are not exclusively eaten as a main dish, but also as a side dish at dinner, or in a sandwich at lunch.
After being stuffed and rolled, braciole are often tied with string or pinned with wooden toothpicks to hold in the stuffing. After pan-frying to brown, the rolls of meat are placed into the sauce to finish cooking, still secured with string or toothpicks.
See also
Braciolone
Farsu magru
Roulade
Saltimbocca
Scaloppine
List of Italian dishes
References
Italian cuisine
Cuisine of Campania
Italian-American cuisine
Meat dishes
Australian cuisine
Goat dishes | wiki |
La cytolyse (du grec cyto : la cellule et lyse : la destruction) est la dissolution ou destruction des cellules.
On la différencie de deux types de destruction de cellules :
L'apoptose, la mort cellulaire programmée
La nécrose, destruction par agression (plaie...)
Références
Voir aussi
Cytolyse hépatique
Cellule | wiki |
Airplane mode (also known as aeroplane mode, flight mode, offline mode, or standalone mode) is a setting available on smartphones and other portable devices. When activated, this mode suspends the device's radio-frequency (RF) signal transmission technologies (i.e., Bluetooth, telephony and Wi-Fi), effectively disabling all analog voice, and digital data services, when implemented correctly by the electronic device software author. When cellular phones became prevalent in the 1990s, some communication headsets of aircraft pilots would register an audible click when a cellular phone on the aircraft would transceive a signal. This clicking on the headsets became overwhelmingly distracting to airframe control, with more and more phone calls from airplane passengers as time went on. This led to the banning of electronic device use on airplanes and ushered in the era of airplane mode. This airplane travel condition diverged cellular network device development from hardware to software and the smart phone was created.
The mode is so named because most airlines prohibit the use of equipment that transmit RF signals while in flight. Typically, it is not possible to make phone calls or send messages in airplane mode, but some smartphones allow calls to emergency services. Most devices allow continued use of email clients and other mobile apps to write text or email messages. Messages are stored in memory to transmit later, once airplane mode is disabled.
Wi-Fi and Bluetooth can be enabled separately while the device is in a pseudo-airplane mode, as allowed by the operator of the aircraft. Receiving RF signals (as by radio receivers and satellite navigation services) may not be inhibited by airplane mode; however, both transmitters and receivers are needed to receive calls and messages, even when not responding to them.
Since a device's transmitters are shut down when in airplane mode, the mode reduces power consumption and increases battery life.
Legal status in various nations
Europe: On December 9, 2013, the European Aviation Safety Agency updated its guidelines on portable electronic devices (PEDs), allowing them to be used throughout the whole flight as long as they are set in Airplane mode.In November 2022, EU announced its plans to enable 5G usage in airplanes using picocell, letting users make and receive calls and messages, and use data just as they would on the ground.
China: Prior to September 2017, cell phones, even with airplane mode, were never allowed to be used during the flight although other devices can be used while in cruising altitude. On September 18, 2017, the Civil Aviation Authority of China relaxed these rules and allowed all Chinese air carriers to allow the use of Portable Electronic Devices (PEDs) for the entire flight as long as they are in Aeroplane Mode.
India: On April 23, 2014, the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) amended the rule which bans use of portable electronic devices and allowing their usage in all phases of flight.
United States: In a revised review in October 2013, the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) made a recommendation on the use of electronic devices in "airplane mode"—cellular telephony must be disabled, while Wi-Fi may be used if the carrier offers it. Short-range transmission such as Bluetooth is permissible on aircraft that can tolerate it. The statement cites the common practice of aircraft operators whose aircraft can tolerate use of these personal electronic devices, but use may still be prohibited on some models of aircraft.
See Also
Mobile phones on aircraft
Picocell
References
External links
Avionics
Mobile phones | wiki |
Le café cassé (darija : qahwah mharssa) est une préparation de café marocaine, où une petite quantité de lait est ajoutée à un café court. Ce café se sert dans un petit verre.
Notes et références
Annexes
Articles connexes
Café au lait
Cuisine marocaine | wiki |
Ian Dickson may refer to:
Ian Dickson (footballer) (1902–1976), Scottish footballer
Ian Dickson (TV personality) (born 1963), Australian TV and radio personality and former music mogul | wiki |
An admissions or application essay, sometimes also called a personal statement or a statement of purpose, is an essay or other written statement written by an applicant, often a prospective student applying to some college, university, or graduate school. The application essay is a common part of the university and college admissions process.
Some applications may require one or more essays to be completed, while others make essays optional or supplementary. Essay topics range from very specific to open-ended.
United States
The Common Application, used for undergraduate admissions by many American colleges and universities, requires a general admissions essay, in addition to any supplemental admissions essays required by member institutions. The Common Application offers students six admissions essay prompts from which to choose. According to Uni in the USA, the Common Application essay is intended as a chance to describe "things that are unique, interesting and informative about yourself".
The University of Chicago is known for its unusual essay prompts in its undergraduate admissions application, including "What would you do with a foot-and-a-half-tall jar of mustard"?
United Kingdom
A personal statement is part of an application sent to UCAS by a prospective student at a UK university. In a personal statement, the student writes about what they hope to achieve in a UK university course, what they hope to do after the course and why they are applying to this particular university.
See also
College application
References
University and college admissions | wiki |
Peril at End House may refer to:
Peril at End House, Agatha Christie novel
Peril at End House (play), Arnold Ridley play
Peril at End House (film, 1989), Soviet film by Vadim Derbenyov
Peril at End House (film, 1990), British film by Renny Rye
Agatha Christie: Peril at End House, videogame | wiki |
Linda Phillips may refer to:
Linda Phillips (politician), member of the West Virginia House of Delegates
Linda Phillips (musician), Australian composer, pianist and music critic
Linda Gilbert Saucier, née Phillips, American mathematician and textbook author | wiki |
Linda Norman may refer to:
Linda Norman (nurse), American nurse and academic administrator
Linda Norman (politician), member of the Maryland Senate | wiki |
High side or highside can refer to:
An air-gapped computer network
Highsider, a type of motorcycle accident | wiki |
Low side or lowside can refer to:
A public computer network (e.g. the Internet), in the context of air-gapped computer networks
Lowsider, a type of motorcycle accident | wiki |
"When I See You" is a song by Macy Gray.
When I See You may also refer to:
"When I See U", a 2006 song by Fantasia
"Blinded (When I See You)", a 2003 song by Third Eye Blind
"When I See You", a song by Day of Fire from Losing All
"When I See You", a song by El DeBarge from Second Chance
"When I See You", a song by Fats Domino
"When I See You", a song by Prodigy from H.N.I.C. Pt. 2
"When I See You", a song by Thompson Twins from A Product Of... (Participation) | wiki |
Thalassianthus is een geslacht van zeeanemonen uit de klasse van de Anthozoa (bloemdieren).
Soorten
Thalassianthus aster Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828
Thalassianthus kraepelini Carlgren, 1900
Thalassianthus senckenbergianus Kwietniewski, 1896
Zeeanemonen | wiki |
Drenge may refer to:
Boys (1977 film), a 1977 Danish film, originally Drenge
Drenge (band), a band formed in 2011 in Castleton, Derbyshire
Drenge (album) | wiki |
The hypothalamic–pituitary–somatotropic axis (HPS axis), or hypothalamic–pituitary–somatic axis, also known as the hypothalamic–pituitary–growth axis, is a hypothalamic–pituitary axis which includes the secretion of growth hormone (GH; somatotropin) from the somatotropes of the pituitary gland into the circulation and the subsequent stimulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1; somatomedin-1) production by GH in tissues such as, namely, the liver. Other hypothalamic–pituitary hormones such as growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH; somatocrinin), growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH; somatostatin), and ghrelin () are involved in the control of GH secretion from the pituitary gland. The HPS axis is involved in postnatal human growth. Individuals with growth hormone deficiency or Laron syndrome ( insensitivity) show symptoms like short stature, dwarfism and obesity, but are also protected from some forms of cancer. Conversely, acromegaly and gigantism are conditions of GH and IGF-1 excess usually due to a pituitary tumor, and are characterized by overgrowth and tall stature.
See also
Somatopause
References
Growth hormones
Hormones of the somatotropic axis
Neuroendocrinology | wiki |
In electronics, sense is a technique used in power supplies to produce the correct voltage for a load. Although simple batteries naturally maintain a steady voltage (except in cases of large internal impedance), a power supply must use a feedback system to make adjustments based on the difference between its intended output and its actual output. If this system is working, the latter will be very close to the former.
Two types of sense are used, depending on where the power supply output is measured. In local sense, the supply simply measures the voltage at its output terminals, where the leads to the load connect. This method has the problem of not accounting for the voltage drop due to resistance of the leads, which is proportional to the amount of current drawn by the load. That is, the supply might be producing the correct voltage at its output terminals, but there will be a lower voltage at the input terminals of the load.
When this might cause a problem, remote sense can be used to force the power supply to counteract the voltage drop by raising the voltage at its output terminals. If successful, it will exactly cancel the drop along the leads, yielding the correct voltage at the input terminals of the load. This is accomplished by using separate "sense leads," connected to the load's input terminals, to measure the output voltage. (Because the sensing function draws only a very small amount of current, there is practically no additional voltage drop due to the sense leads themselves.) This is the same principle behind 4-wire sensing, the generic equivalent to power supply remote sensing.
Many power supplies that are equipped with remote sense can cause catastrophic damage to the loads if they are turned on while the sense leads are unconnected. To avoid this, some supplies are equipped with auto sense, which will automatically switch between local and remote sensing depending on whether the sense leads are correctly connected.
See also
Sensor
External links
NasaTech Article On Sense
Are Power Supplies Universal?
Power supplies
ta:மின்னணு உணர்வு | wiki |
Knotroot is a common name for several plants, and may refer to:
Stachys affinis
Collinsonia canadensis
See also
Knotroot bristle-grass (Setaria parviflora) | wiki |
Victim of Circumstance may refer to:
A single by Joan Jett & the Blackhearts from their I Love Rock 'n' Roll album.
An album by Public Disturbance, a Welsh hard-core punk band. | wiki |
A number of plants in the genus Vaccinium share the common name Evergreen blueberry:
Vaccinium darrowii (Darrow's evergreen blueberry, southeastern United States)
Vaccinium myrsinites (Shiny blueberry, southeastern United States)
Vaccinium ovatum (Evergreen huckleberry, Pacific coast of North America) | wiki |
Apotome may refer to:
Apotome (mathematics) a mathematical term used by Euclid.
Apotome (music)
Apotome (optics) used for increasing axial resolution of fluorescence microscopy of thick specimens by structured illumination. | wiki |
UTC+5:30 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +05:30. This time is used in India and Sri Lanka, and was formerly used in Nepal. It is five and a half hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Around 1.4 billion people live inside this time zone, making it the second-most populous after UTC+08:00.
As standard time (year-round)
Principal cities: , Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Colombo
South Asia
India – Indian Standard Time
Sri Lanka – Sri Lanka Standard Time
See also
Indian Standard Time
Sri Lanka Standard Time
Time in India
Time in Sri Lanka
References
UTC offsets
Time in India
Time in Sri Lanka | wiki |
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