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Polycystic liver disease (PLD) usually describes the presence of multiple cysts scattered throughout normal liver tissue. PLD is commonly seen in association with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease, with a prevalence of 1 in 400 to 1000, and accounts for 8–10% of all cases of end-stage renal disease. The much... | Wikipedia/Polycystic_liver_disease |
Thyroid disease in women is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid in women. This condition can have a profound effect during pregnancy and on the child. It also is called Hashimoto's thyroiditis (theye-royd-EYET-uhss). During pregnancy, the infant may be seriously affected and have a variety of birth defects. ... | Wikipedia/Thyroid_disease_in_women |
Lugol's iodine, also known as aqueous iodine and strong iodine solution, is a solution of potassium iodide with iodine in water. It is a medication and disinfectant used for a number of purposes. Taken by mouth it is used to treat thyrotoxicosis until surgery can be carried out, protect the thyroid gland from radioacti... | Wikipedia/Lugol's_solution |
Iodine-131 (131I, I-131) is an important radioisotope of iodine discovered by Glenn Seaborg and John Livingood in 1938 at the University of California, Berkeley. It has a radioactive decay half-life of about eight days. It is associated with nuclear energy, medical diagnostic and treatment procedures, and natural gas p... | Wikipedia/Radioiodine_therapy |
Mitochondrial disease is a group of disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are the organelles that generate energy for the cell and are found in every cell of the human body except red blood cells. They convert the energy of food molecules into the ATP that powers most cell functions.
Mitochondrial... | Wikipedia/Mitochondrial_dysfunction |
The homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a method used to quantify insulin resistance and beta-cell function. It was first described under the name HOMA by Matthews et al. in 1985.
== Derivation ==
The HOMA authors used data from physiological studies to develop mathematical equations describing glucose regulation ... | Wikipedia/Homeostatic_model_assessment |
Intensive insulin therapy or flexible insulin therapy is a therapeutic regimen for diabetes mellitus treatment. This newer approach contrasts with conventional insulin therapy. Rather than minimize the number of insulin injections per day (a technique which demands a rigid schedule for food and activities), the inten... | Wikipedia/Intensive_insulin_therapy |
Self-protein refers to all proteins endogenously produced by DNA-level transcription and translation within an organism of interest. This does not include proteins synthesized due to viral infection, but may include those synthesized by commensal bacteria within the intestines. Proteins that are not created within the ... | Wikipedia/Self-protein |
Massachusetts General Hospital (Mass General or MGH) is a teaching hospital located in the West End neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It is the original and largest clinical education and research facility of Harvard Medical School/Harvard University, and houses the world's largest hospital-based research program ... | Wikipedia/Mallinckrodt_General_Clinical_Research_Center |
Idiopathic orbital inflammatory (IOI) disease refers to a marginated mass-like enhancing soft tissue involving any area of the orbit. It is the most common painful orbital mass in the adult population, and is associated with proptosis, cranial nerve palsy (Tolosa–Hunt syndrome), uveitis, and retinal detachment. Idiopa... | Wikipedia/Idiopathic_orbital_inflammatory_disease |
The signs and symptoms of Graves' disease generally result from the direct and indirect effects of hyperthyroidism, although they can also be caused by other thyroidal conditions, such as Graves' ophthalmopathy, goitre and pretibial myxedema. These clinical manifestations can involve virtually every system in the body.... | Wikipedia/Signs_and_symptoms_of_Graves'_disease |
Zeno's Conscience (Italian: La coscienza di Zeno [la koʃˈʃɛntsa di dˈdzɛːno]) is a novel by Italian writer Italo Svevo. The main character is Zeno Cosini, and the book is the fictional character's memoirs that he keeps because his psychoanalyst recommended to do so in order to overcome his illness. He writes about his ... | Wikipedia/Zeno's_Conscience |
A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; RCT) is a form of scientific experiment used to control factors not under direct experimental control. Examples of RCTs are clinical trials that compare the effects of drugs, surgical techniques, medical devices, diagnostic procedures, diets or other medical t... | Wikipedia/Randomized_control_trial |
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), also known as pelvic inflammatory disorder, is an infection of the upper part of the female reproductive system, mainly the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, and inside of the pelvis. Often, there may be no symptoms. Signs and symptoms, when present, may include lower abdominal pa... | Wikipedia/Pelvic_inflammatory_disease |
Abnormal uterine bleeding is vaginal bleeding from the uterus that is abnormally frequent, lasts excessively long, is heavier than normal, or is irregular. The term "dysfunctional uterine bleeding" was used when no underlying cause was present. Quality of life may be negatively affected.
The underlying causes may be st... | Wikipedia/Dysfunctional_uterine_bleeding |
A vaginal disease is a pathological condition that affects part or all of the vagina.
== Types ==
=== Sexually transmitted infections ===
Sexually transmitted infections that affect the vagina include:
Herpes genitalis. The herpes simplex virus (HSV) can infect the vulva, vagina, and cervix, and this may result in... | Wikipedia/Vaginal_disease |
An endometrial polyp or uterine polyp is a mass in the inner lining of the uterus. They may have a large flat base (sessile) or be attached to the uterus by an elongated pedicle (pedunculated). Pedunculated polyps are more common than sessile ones. They range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. If pe... | Wikipedia/Endometrial_polyp |
A vulvar disease is a particular abnormal, pathological condition that affects part or all of the vulva. Several pathologies are defined. Some can be prevented by vulvovaginal health maintenance.
== Vulvar cancer ==
Vulvar cancer accounts for about 5% of all gynecological cancers and typically affects women in later... | Wikipedia/Vulvar_disease |
Apolipoprotein AI (Apo-AI) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOA1 gene. As the major component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, it has a specific role in lipid metabolism.
== Structure ==
APOA1 is located on chromosome 11, with its specific location being 11q23-q24. The gene contains 4 exons.... | Wikipedia/Apolipoprotein_A1 |
Stargardt disease is the most common inherited single-gene retinal disease. In terms of the first description of the disease, it follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, which has been later linked to bi-allelic ABCA4 gene variants (STGD1).
However, there are Stargardt-like diseases with mimicking phenotyp... | Wikipedia/Stargardt_disease |
Surfactant metabolism dysfunction is a condition where pulmonary surfactant is insufficient for adequate respiration. Surface tension at the liquid-air interphase in the alveoli makes the air sacs prone to collapsing post expiration. This is due to the fact that water molecules in the liquid-air surface of alveoli are ... | Wikipedia/Surfactant_metabolism_dysfunction |
The endocrine system is a messenger system in an organism comprising feedback loops of hormones that are released by internal glands directly into the circulatory system and that target and regulate distant organs. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems.
In humans, the m... | Wikipedia/Endocrine_systems |
Oguchi disease is an autosomal recessive form of congenital stationary night blindness associated with fundus discoloration and abnormally slow dark adaptation.
== Presentation ==
== Genetics ==
Several mutations have been implicated as a cause of Oguchi disease. These include mutations in the arrestin gene or the ... | Wikipedia/Oguchi_disease |
Merlin (also called neurofibromin 2 or schwannomin) is a cytoskeletal protein. In humans, it is a tumor suppressor protein involved in neurofibromatosis type II. Sequence data reveal its similarity to the ERM protein family.
Merlin is an acronym for "Moesin-Ezrin-Radixin-like protein".
== Gene ==
Human merlin is code... | Wikipedia/Merlin_(protein) |
Myotonin-protein kinase (MT-PK) also known as myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (MDPK) or dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DMPK gene.
The DMPK gene product is a Ser/Thr protein kinase homologous to the MRCK p21-activated kinases and Rho kinase family. Data obtaine... | Wikipedia/Myotonin-protein_kinase |
Collagen disease is a term previously used to describe systemic autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis), but now is thought to be more appropriate for diseases associated with defects in collagen, which is a component of the connective tissue.
The term "col... | Wikipedia/Collagen_disease |
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a type of long-term kidney disease, defined by the sustained presence of abnormal kidney function and/or abnormal kidney structure. To meet criteria for CKD, the abnormalities must be present for at least three months. Early in the course of CKD, patients are usually asymptomatic, but la... | Wikipedia/Chronic_renal_disease |
Kashin–Beck disease (KBD) is a chronic, endemic type of osteochondropathy (disease of the bone) that is mainly distributed from northeastern to southwestern China, including 15 provinces. As of 2011, Tibet has the highest incidence rate of KBD in China. Southeast Siberia and North Korea are other affected areas. KBD us... | Wikipedia/Kashin–Beck_disease |
Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation. Computer science spans theoretical disciplines (such as algorithms, theory of computation, and information theory) to applied disciplines (including the design and implementation of hardware and software).
Algorithms and data structures are cen... | Wikipedia/computer_science |
A modeling perspective in information systems is a particular way to represent pre-selected aspects of a system. Any perspective has a different focus, conceptualization, dedication and visualization of what the model is representing.
The traditional way to distinguish between modeling perspectives is structural, func... | Wikipedia/Modeling_perspectives |
Application software is any computer program that is intended for end-user use – not operating, administering or programming the computer. An application (app, application program, software application) is any program that can be categorized as application software. Common types of applications include word processor, ... | Wikipedia/Application_program |
The basic study of system design is the understanding of component parts and their subsequent interaction with one another.
Systems design has appeared in a variety of fields, including sustainability, computer/software architecture, and sociology.
== Product Development ==
If the broader topic of product development... | Wikipedia/System_design |
A capability, in the systems engineering sense, is defined as the ability to execute a specified course of action. A capability may or may not be accompanied by an intention. The term is used in the defense industry but also in private industry (e.g. gap analysis).
== Capability gap analysis ==
The Joint Capabilitie... | Wikipedia/Capability_(systems_engineering) |
An architectural model (in software) contains several diagrams representing static properties or dynamic (behavioral) properties of the software under design. The diagrams represent different viewpoints of the system at the appropriate scope of analysis. The diagrams are created by using available standards in which th... | Wikipedia/Software_Architectural_Model |
Health systems engineering or health engineering (often known as health care systems engineering (HCSE)) is an academic and a pragmatic discipline that approaches the health care industry, and other industries connected with health care delivery, as complex adaptive systems, and identifies and applies engineering desig... | Wikipedia/Health_systems_engineering |
Object-oriented modeling (OOM) is an approach to modeling an application that is used at the beginning of the software life cycle when using an object-oriented approach to software development.
The software life cycle is typically divided up into stages going from abstract descriptions of the problem to designs then to... | Wikipedia/Object-oriented_modeling |
UML color standards are a set of four colors associated with Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams. The coloring system indicates which of several archetypes apply to the UML object. UML typically identifies a stereotype with a bracketed comment for each object identifying whether it is a class, interface, etc.
Thes... | Wikipedia/Object_Modeling_in_Color |
The energy systems language, also referred to as energese, or energy circuit language, or generic systems symbols, is a modelling language used for composing energy flow diagrams in the field of systems ecology. It was developed by Howard T. Odum and colleagues in the 1950s during studies of the tropical forests funded... | Wikipedia/Energy_systems_language |
Object process methodology (OPM) is a conceptual modeling language and methodology for capturing knowledge and designing systems, specified as ISO/PAS 19450. Based on a minimal universal ontology of stateful objects and processes that transform them, OPM can be used to formally specify the function, structure, and beha... | Wikipedia/Object_process_methodology |
The V-model is a graphical representation of a systems development lifecycle. It is used to produce rigorous development lifecycle models and project management models. The V-model falls into three broad categories, the German V-Modell, a general testing model, and the US government standard.
The V-model summarizes the... | Wikipedia/V-model |
The term system of systems refers to a collection of task-oriented or dedicated systems that pool their resources and capabilities together to create a new, more complex system which offers more functionality and performance than simply the sum of the constituent systems. Currently, systems of systems is a critical res... | Wikipedia/System_of_systems |
Model-based systems engineering (MBSE) represents a paradigm shift in systems engineering, replacing traditional document-centric approaches with a methodology that uses structured domain models as the primary means of information exchange and system representation throughout the engineering lifecycle.
Unlike document-... | Wikipedia/Model-based_systems_engineering |
System of systems engineering (SoSE) is a set of developing processes, tools, and methods for designing, re-designing and deploying solutions to system-of-systems challenges.
== Overview ==
System of Systems Engineering (SoSE) methodology is heavily used in U.S. Department of Defense applications, but is increasingly... | Wikipedia/System_of_systems_engineering |
Cognitive systems engineering (CSE) is an interdisciplinary field that examines the intersection of people, work, and technology, with a particular focus on safety-critical systems. The central tenet of CSE is to treat collections of people and technologies as a single unified entity—called a joint cognitive system (JC... | Wikipedia/Cognitive_systems_engineering |
Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) is a technical approach for analyzing and designing an application, system, or business by applying object-oriented programming, as well as using visual modeling throughout the software development process to guide stakeholder communication and product quality.
OOAD in modern ... | Wikipedia/Object-oriented_analysis_and_design |
A functional flow block diagram (FFBD) is a multi-tier, time-sequenced, step-by-step flow diagram of a system's functional flow. The term "functional" in this context is different from its use in functional programming or in mathematics, where pairing "functional" with "flow" would be ambiguous. Here, "functional flow"... | Wikipedia/Functional_flow_block_diagram |
The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general-purpose visual modeling language that is intended to provide a standard way to visualize the design of a system.
UML provides a standard notation for many types of diagrams which can be roughly divided into three main groups: behavior diagrams, interaction diagrams, and ... | Wikipedia/Unified_Modelling_Language |
A method in object-oriented programming (OOP) is a procedure associated with an object, and generally also a message. An object consists of state data and behavior; these compose an interface, which specifies how the object may be used. A method is a behavior of an object parametrized by a user.
Data is represented as ... | Wikipedia/Method_(computer_programming) |
A timing diagram
in Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1
is a specific type of interaction diagram, where the focus is on timing constraints.
Timing diagrams are used to explore the behaviors of objects throughout a given period of time. A timing diagram is a special form of a sequence diagram. The differences between tim... | Wikipedia/Timing_diagram_(Unified_Modeling_Language) |
Analytical chemistry studies and uses instruments and methods to separate, identify, and quantify matter. In practice, separation, identification or quantification may constitute the entire analysis or be combined with another method. Separation isolates analytes. Qualitative analysis identifies analytes, while quantit... | Wikipedia/Analytical_method |
Strategy (from Greek στρατηγία stratēgia, "troop leadership; office of general, command, generalship") is a general plan to achieve one or more long-term or overall goals under conditions of uncertainty. In the sense of the "art of the general", which included several subsets of skills including military tactics, siege... | Wikipedia/Strategies |
Management Science is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers research on all aspects of management related to strategy, entrepreneurship, innovation, information technology, and organizations as well as all functional areas of business, such as accounting, finance, marketing, and operations. It is published by th... | Wikipedia/Management_Science_(journal) |
A process design kit (PDK) is a set of files used within the semiconductor industry to model a fabrication process for the design tools used to design an integrated circuit. The PDK is created by the foundry defining a certain technology variation for their processes. It is then passed to their customers to use in the ... | Wikipedia/Process_design_kit |
In electronic design automation, a design rule is a geometric constraint imposed on circuit board, semiconductor device, and integrated circuit (IC) designers to ensure their designs function properly, reliably, and can be produced with acceptable yield. Design rules for production are developed by process engineers ba... | Wikipedia/Design_rule_checking |
In electronics and especially synchronous digital circuits, a clock signal (historically also known as logic beat) is an electronic logic signal (voltage or current) which oscillates between a high and a low state at a constant frequency and is used like a metronome to synchronize actions of digital circuits. In a syn... | Wikipedia/Clock_distribution_network |
A logical data model or logical schema is a data model of a specific problem domain expressed independently of a particular database management product or storage technology (physical data model) but in terms of data structures such as relational tables and columns, object-oriented classes, or XML tags. This is as oppo... | Wikipedia/Logical_data_model |
The term process model is used in various contexts. For example, in business process modeling the enterprise process model is often referred to as the business process model.
== Overview ==
Process models are processes of the same nature that are classified together into a model. Thus, a process model is a descriptio... | Wikipedia/Process_model |
Generic data models are generalizations of conventional data models. They define standardised general relation types, together with the kinds of things that may be related by such a relation type.
== Overview ==
The definition of generic data model is similar to the definition of a natural language. For example, a ge... | Wikipedia/Generic_data_model |
The enhanced entity–relationship (EER) model (or extended entity–relationship model) in computer science is a high-level or conceptual data model incorporating extensions to the original entity–relationship (ER) model, used in the design of databases.
It was developed to reflect more precisely the properties and constr... | Wikipedia/Enhanced_entity–relationship_model |
An entity–relationship model (or ER model) describes interrelated things of interest in a specific domain of knowledge. A basic ER model is composed of entity types (which classify the things of interest) and specifies relationships that can exist between entities (instances of those entity types).
In software engineer... | Wikipedia/Entity_relationship_model |
Object–role modeling (ORM) is used to model the semantics of a universe of discourse. ORM is often used for data modeling and software engineering.
An object–role model uses graphical symbols that are based on first order predicate logic and set theory to enable the modeler to create an unambiguous definition of an arb... | Wikipedia/Object–role_modeling |
Core architecture data model (CADM) in enterprise architecture is a logical data model of information used to describe and build architectures.
The CADM is essentially a common database schema, defined within the US Department of Defense Architecture Framework DoDAF. It was initially published in 1997 as a logical data... | Wikipedia/Core_architecture_data_model |
An entity–relationship model (or ER model) describes interrelated things of interest in a specific domain of knowledge. A basic ER model is composed of entity types (which classify the things of interest) and specifies relationships that can exist between entities (instances of those entity types).
In software engineer... | Wikipedia/Entity-relationship_model |
Integrated Computer-Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) is a US Air Force program that develops tools, techniques, and processes to support manufacturing integration. It influenced the computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) project efforts of many companies.
The ICAM program was founded i... | Wikipedia/Integrated_Computer-Aided_Manufacturing |
Building information modeling (BIM) is an approach involving the generation and management of digital representations of the physical and functional characteristics of buildings or other physical assets and facilities. BIM is supported by various tools, processes, technologies and contracts. Building information model... | Wikipedia/Facility_information_model |
The term process model is used in various contexts. For example, in business process modeling the enterprise process model is often referred to as the business process model.
== Overview ==
Process models are processes of the same nature that are classified together into a model. Thus, a process model is a descriptio... | Wikipedia/Process_modeling |
Frameworx is an enterprise architecture framework geared towards communications service providers.
It is developed by the TM Forum.
== Structure ==
Frameworx consists of four frameworks:
Application Framework (sometimes referred to as the Telecom Application Map (TAM))
Business Process Framework (eTOM)
Information ... | Wikipedia/Frameworx_Shared_Information/Data_Model |
Operations support systems (OSS), operational support systems in British usage, or Operation System (OpS) in NTT are computer systems used by telecommunications service providers to manage their networks (e.g., telephone networks). They support management functions such as network inventory, service provisioning, netwo... | Wikipedia/Operational_Support_Systems |
The Common Information Model (CIM) is an open standard that defines how managed elements in an IT environment are represented as a common set of objects and relationships between them.
The Distributed Management Task Force maintains the CIM to allow consistent management of these managed elements, independent of their... | Wikipedia/Common_Information_Model_(computing) |
A semantic data model (SDM) is a high-level semantics-based database description and structuring formalism (database model) for databases. This database model is designed to capture more of the meaning of an application environment than is possible with contemporary database models. An SDM specification describes a dat... | Wikipedia/Semantic_data_model |
Enterprise modelling is the abstract representation, description and definition of the structure, processes, information and resources of an identifiable business, government body, or other large organization.
It deals with the process of understanding an organization and improving its performance through creation and ... | Wikipedia/Enterprise_modelling |
A common data model (CDM) can refer to any standardised data model which allows for data and information exchange between different applications and data sources. Common data models aim to standardise logical infrastructure so that related applications can "operate on and share the same data", and can be seen as a way ... | Wikipedia/Common_data_model |
Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) is a 501(c)(6) nonprofit industry standards organization that creates open manageability standards spanning diverse emerging and traditional IT infrastructures including cloud, virtualization, network, servers and storage. Member companies and alliance partners collaborate on st... | Wikipedia/Distributed_Management_Task_Force |
A communication protocol is a system of rules that allows two or more entities of a communications system to transmit information via any variation of a physical quantity. The protocol defines the rules, syntax, semantics, and synchronization of communication and possible error recovery methods. Protocols may be implem... | Wikipedia/Interface_(computer_science) |
Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary field of engineering and engineering management that focuses on how to design, integrate, and manage complex systems over their life cycles. At its core, systems engineering utilizes systems thinking principles to organize this body of knowledge. The individual outcome of suc... | Wikipedia/Systems_engineer |
Software architecture pattern is a reusable, proven solution to a specific, recurring problem focused on architectural design challenges, which can be applied within various architectural styles.
== Examples ==
Some examples of architectural patterns:
Publish–subscribe pattern
Message broker
== See also ==
List ... | Wikipedia/Architectural_pattern_(computer_science) |
The systems architect is an information and communications technology professional. Systems architects define the architecture of a computerized system (i.e., a system composed of software and hardware) in order to fulfill certain requirements. Such definitions include: a breakdown of the system into components, the co... | Wikipedia/Systems_architect |
Software-defined networking (SDN) is an approach to network management that uses abstraction to enable dynamic and programmatically efficient network configuration to create grouping and segmentation while improving network performance and monitoring in a manner more akin to cloud computing than to traditional network ... | Wikipedia/Software-defined_networking |
Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based air traffic controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and through a given section of controlled airspace, and can provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airspace. The primary purpose of ATC is to prevent collisions, organise and expedi... | Wikipedia/Air_traffic_control |
A weapon, arm, or armament is any implement or device that is used to deter, threaten, inflict physical damage, harm, or kill. Weapons are used to increase the efficacy and efficiency of activities such as hunting, crime (e.g., murder), law enforcement, self-defense, warfare, or suicide. In a broader context, weapons m... | Wikipedia/Defense_systems |
Network functions virtualization (NFV) is a network architecture concept that leverages IT virtualization technologies to virtualize entire classes of network node functions into building blocks that may connect, or chain together, to create and deliver communication services.
NFV relies upon traditional server-virtual... | Wikipedia/Network_function_virtualization |
In object-oriented programming, a class defines the shared aspects of objects created from the class. The capabilities of a class differ between programming languages, but generally the shared aspects consist of state (variables) and behavior (methods) that are each either associated with a particular object or with al... | Wikipedia/Class_(computer_science) |
In some programming languages, function overloading or method overloading is the ability to create multiple functions of the same name with different implementations. Calls to an overloaded function will run a specific implementation of that function appropriate to the context of the call, allowing one function call to... | Wikipedia/Method_overloading |
In computer programming, a macro (short for "macro instruction"; from Greek μακρο- 'long, large') is a rule or pattern that specifies how a certain input should be mapped to a replacement output. Applying a macro to an input is known as macro expansion.
The input and output may be a sequence of lexical tokens or char... | Wikipedia/Macro_(computer_science) |
In software engineering, a software design pattern or design pattern is a general, reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem in many contexts in software design. A design pattern is not a rigid structure to be transplanted directly into source code. Rather, it is a description or a template for solving a partic... | Wikipedia/Software_design_pattern |
In computer science, data (treated as singular, plural, or as a mass noun) is any sequence of one or more symbols; datum is a single symbol of data. Data requires interpretation to become information. Digital data is data that is represented using the binary number system of ones (1) and zeros (0), instead of analog r... | Wikipedia/Data_(computer_science) |
A modeling language is any artificial language that can be used to express data, information or knowledge or systems in a structure that is defined by a consistent set of rules. The rules are used for interpretation of the meaning of components in the structure of a programming language.
== Overview ==
A modeling lan... | Wikipedia/Software_modeling |
In programming language theory and type theory, polymorphism is the use of one symbol to represent multiple different types.
In object-oriented programming, polymorphism is the provision of one interface to entities of different data types. The concept is borrowed from a principle in biology where an organism or speci... | Wikipedia/Polymorphism_(computer_science) |
Functional reactive programming (FRP) is a programming paradigm for reactive programming (asynchronous dataflow programming) using the building blocks of functional programming (e.g., map, reduce, filter). FRP has been used for programming graphical user interfaces (GUIs), robotics, games, and music, aiming to simplify... | Wikipedia/Functional_reactive_programming |
In the theory of programming languages in computer science, deforestation (also known as fusion) is a program transformation to eliminate intermediate lists or tree structures that are created and then immediately consumed by a program.
The term "deforestation" was originally coined by Philip Wadler in his 1990 paper "... | Wikipedia/Deforestation_(computer_science) |
In computer science, an expression is a syntactic entity in a programming language that may be evaluated to determine its value. It is a combination of one or more constants, variables, functions, and operators that the programming language interprets (according to its particular rules of precedence and of association)... | Wikipedia/Expression_(computer_science) |
In computing, data-oriented design is a program optimization approach motivated by efficient usage of the CPU cache, often used in video game development. The approach is to focus on the data layout, separating and sorting fields according to when they are needed, and to think about transformations of data. Proponents ... | Wikipedia/Data-oriented_design |
Inductive programming (IP) is a special area of automatic programming, covering research from artificial intelligence and programming, which addresses learning of typically declarative (logic or functional) and often recursive programs from incomplete specifications, such as input/output examples or constraints.
Depend... | Wikipedia/Inductive_functional_programming |
Q is a programming language for array processing, developed by Arthur Whitney. It is proprietary software, commercialized by Kx Systems. Q serves as the query language for kdb+, a disk based and in-memory, column-based database. Kdb+ is based on the language k, a terse variant of the language APL. Q is a thin wrapper a... | Wikipedia/Q_(programming_language_from_Kx_Systems) |
In computer programming, the strategy pattern (also known as the policy pattern) is a behavioral software design pattern that enables selecting an algorithm at runtime. Instead of implementing a single algorithm directly, code receives runtime instructions as to which in a family of algorithms to use.
Strategy lets the... | Wikipedia/Strategy_pattern |
In computer science, choreographic programming is a programming paradigm where programs are compositions of interactions among multiple concurrent participants.
== Overview ==
=== Choreographies ===
In choreographic programming, developers use a choreographic programming language to define the intended communicatio... | Wikipedia/Choreographic_programming |
In computer science, coinduction is a technique for defining and proving properties of systems of concurrent interacting objects.
Coinduction is the mathematical dual to structural induction. Coinductively defined data types are known as codata and are typically infinite data structures, such as streams.
As a definitio... | Wikipedia/Codata_(computer_science) |
In computer science, an associative array, key-value store, map, symbol table, or dictionary is an abstract data type that stores a collection of (key, value) pairs, such that each possible key appears at most once in the collection. In mathematical terms, an associative array is a function with finite domain. It suppo... | Wikipedia/Map_(computer_science) |
Total functional programming (also known as strong functional programming, to be contrasted with ordinary, or weak functional programming) is a programming paradigm that restricts the range of programs to those that are provably terminating.
== Restrictions ==
Termination is guaranteed by the following restrictions:
... | Wikipedia/Total_functional_programming |
In many programming languages, map is a higher-order function that applies a given function to each element of a collection, e.g. a list or set, returning the results in a collection of the same type. It is often called apply-to-all when considered in functional form.
The concept of a map is not limited to lists: it w... | Wikipedia/Map_(higher-order_function) |
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