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In wired computer networking a hop occurs when a packet is passed from one network segment to the next. Data packets pass through routers as they travel between source and destination. The hop count refers to the number of network devices through which data passes from source to destination (depending on routing protoc... | Wikipedia/Hop_(networking) |
Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads between peers. Peers are equally privileged, equipotent participants in the network, forming a peer-to-peer network of nodes. In addition, a personal area network (PAN) is also in nature a type of dec... | Wikipedia/Peer-to-peer_network |
Global Wrestling Network (GWN) was a digital streaming service and mobile app owned by Impact Wrestling (now Total Nonstop Action Wrestling), a subsidiary of Anthem Sports & Entertainment. It primarily featured content from the Impact video library, along with original programming and content from independent and inter... | Wikipedia/Global_Wrestling_Network |
The open music model is an economic and technological framework for the recording industry based on research conducted at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It predicts that the playback of prerecorded music will be regarded as a service rather than as individually sold products, and that the only system for th... | Wikipedia/Open_Music_Model |
Sony Entertainment Network (SEN) was a digital media delivery service operated by Sony Network Entertainment International (SNEI). SEN provided access to services, including PlayStation Network for games, Video Unlimited for film and television, Music Unlimited for music, and PlayMemories for photographs and videos. On... | Wikipedia/Sony_Entertainment_Network |
Founded in 2000, CDNetworks is a full-service content delivery network (CDN) which provides technology, network infrastructure, and customer services for the delivery of Internet content and applications. The company is positioning itself as a multinational provider of content delivery services, with a particular empha... | Wikipedia/CDNetworks |
Content delivery network interconnection (CDNI) is a set of interfaces and mechanisms required for interconnecting two independent content delivery networks (CDNs) that enables one to deliver content on behalf of the other. Interconnected CDNs offer many benefits, such as footprint extension, reduced infrastructure cos... | Wikipedia/Content_delivery_network_interconnection |
Starlight Networks was founded in 1991 by Charlie Bass, Jim Long and Mark Gang with backing from investors Accel Partners and Interwest Partners. The company created some of the first commercial video-on-demand and video streaming products. The first Starlight Networks product was named StarWorks and enabled on-demand ... | Wikipedia/Starlight_Networks |
Responsive web design (RWD) or responsive design is an approach to web design that aims to make web pages render well on a variety of devices and window or screen sizes from minimum to maximum display size to ensure usability and satisfaction.
A responsive design adapts the web-page layout to the viewing environment by... | Wikipedia/Responsive_Web_Design |
Wangsu Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Chinese: 网宿科技股份有限公司) is a China-based company that provides content delivery network (CDN) and Internet data center (IDC) services. It was founded in 2000 and listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in 2009.
It operates businesses in China as ChinaNetCenter Co., and overseas markets... | Wikipedia/Wangsu_Science_&_Technology |
This is a comparison of streaming media systems. A more complete list of streaming media systems is also available.
== General ==
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of streaming media systems both audio and video. Please see the individual systems' linked articles for further ... | Wikipedia/Comparison_of_streaming_media_systems |
Vecima Networks is a Canadian company that develops hardware and software for broadband access, content delivery, and telematics. It was founded in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and currently has offices in Saskatoon, Burnaby, Atlanta, London, Amsterdam, Tokyo, and is headquartered in Victoria. Vecima sells its products to... | Wikipedia/Vecima_Networks |
Mixcrate was an online audio distribution platform based in California, United States that enabled its users to upload, promote and share their DJ mixes to a worldwide audience and to help DJs promote and grow their careers as professional DJs. It was a community-based platform designed for DJs mainly aimed at promotin... | Wikipedia/Mixcrate |
Measurable Accurate Digital Solutions (doing business as M.A.D Solutions) is a Nigerian music distribution company founded in 2017 by Bugwu Aneto-Okeke.
== History ==
M.A.D Solutions was established by Bugwu Aneto-Okeke in May 2017 in Lagos and started off by securing licensing agreements with Apple Music and YouTub... | Wikipedia/MAD_Solutions |
Edgio, Inc., formerly Limelight Networks, was an American company that provides a content delivery network (CDN) service, used for delivery of digital media content and software.
Following a 2022 acquisition of Edgecast, the company re-branded as Edgio, and now includes edge computing and cybersecurity services, such a... | Wikipedia/Limelight_Networks |
A backbone or core network is a part of a computer network which interconnects networks, providing a path for the exchange of information between different LANs or subnetworks. A backbone can tie together diverse networks in the same building, in different buildings in a campus environment, or over wide areas. Normally... | Wikipedia/Network_backbone |
Showtime (also known as Paramount+ with Showtime) is an American premium television network and the flagship property of Showtime Networks, a sub-division of the Paramount Media Networks division of Paramount Global. Showtime's programming includes original television series produced exclusively for the linear network ... | Wikipedia/Showtime_(TV_network) |
A New Kind of Science is a book by Stephen Wolfram, published by his company Wolfram Research under the imprint Wolfram Media in 2002. It contains an empirical and systematic study of computational systems such as cellular automata. Wolfram calls these systems simple programs and argues that the scientific philosophy a... | Wikipedia/A_New_Kind_of_Science |
"A Mathematical Theory of Communication" is an article by mathematician Claude E. Shannon published in Bell System Technical Journal in 1948. It was renamed The Mathematical Theory of Communication in the 1949 book of the same name, a small but significant title change after realizing the generality of this work. It ha... | Wikipedia/The_Mathematical_Theory_of_Communication |
Hard science and soft science are colloquial terms used to compare scientific fields on the basis of perceived methodological rigor, exactitude, and objectivity. In general, the formal sciences and natural sciences are considered hard science, whereas the social sciences and other sciences are described as soft science... | Wikipedia/Hard_Science |
Brian Wilson (born 1933 in Newton-le-Willows, Lancashire) is a British systems scientist and honorary professor at Cardiff University, known for his development of soft systems methodology (SSM) and enterprise modelling.
== Biography ==
After graduating from University of Nottingham with a B.Sc. and Ph.D. in electric... | Wikipedia/Brian_Wilson_(systems_scientist) |
This list of life sciences comprises the branches of science that involve the scientific study of life – such as microorganisms, plants, and animals including human beings. This science is one of the two major branches of natural science, the other being physical science, which is concerned with non-living matter. Biol... | Wikipedia/Bioscience |
The Sciences of the Artificial (1969) is a book by Herbert A. Simon in the domain of the learning sciences and artificial intelligence; it is especially influential in design theory. The book is themed around how artificial phenomena ought to be categorized, discussing as to whether such phenomena belong within the dom... | Wikipedia/The_Sciences_of_the_Artificial |
In sociology, social complexity is a conceptual framework used in the analysis of society. In the sciences, contemporary definitions of complexity are found in systems theory, wherein the phenomenon being studied has many parts and many possible arrangements of the parts; simultaneously, what is complex and what is sim... | Wikipedia/Sociology_and_complexity_science |
The Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (CASBS) is an interdisciplinary research institution at Stanford University designed to advance the frontiers of knowledge about human behavior and society, and contribute to the resolution of some of the world’s greatest challenges. It incubates initiatives des... | Wikipedia/Center_for_Advanced_Study_in_the_Behavioral_Sciences |
Systematics is the name given by John Godolphin Bennett (1897–1974) to a branch of systems science that he developed in the mid-twentieth century. Also referred to as the theory of Multi-Term Systems or Bennettian Systematics, it focuses on types, levels, and degrees of complexity in systems, the qualities emergent at ... | Wikipedia/Systematics_–_study_of_multi-term_systems |
Autonomous agency theory (AAT) is a viable system theory (VST) which models autonomous social complex adaptive systems. It can be used to model the relationship between an agency and its environment(s), and these may include other interactive agencies. The nature of that interaction is determined by both the agency's ... | Wikipedia/Autonomous_agency_theory |
Reversal theory is a structural, phenomenological theory of personality, motivation, and emotion in the field of psychology. It focuses on the dynamic qualities of normal human experience to describe how a person regularly reverses between psychological states, reflecting their motivational style, the meaning they atta... | Wikipedia/Reversal_theory |
An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system formed by organisms in interaction with their environment.: 458 The biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
Ecosystems are controlled by external and internal factors. External factors—including climate and what parent ... | Wikipedia/Ecological_systems |
Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine is a book written by Norbert Wiener and published in 1948. It is the first public usage of the term "cybernetics" to refer to self-regulating mechanisms. The book laid the theoretical foundation for servomechanisms (whether electrical, mechanical o... | Wikipedia/Cybernetics:_Or_Control_and_Communication_in_the_Animal_and_the_Machine |
Systemography (SGR) is a process where phenomena regarded as complex are purposefully represented as a constructed model of a general system. It may be used in three different ways: conceptualization, analysis, and simulation. The work of Jean-Louis Le Moigne is associated with systemography.
Systemography modeling con... | Wikipedia/Systemography |
The viable systems approach (VSA) is a systems theory in which the observed entities and their environment are interpreted through a systemic viewpoint, starting with the analysis of fundamental elements and finally considering more complex related systems (von Bertalanffy, 1968). The assumption is that each entity/sys... | Wikipedia/Viable_systems_approach |
Viable system theory (VST) concerns cybernetic processes in relation to the development/evolution of dynamical systems: it can be used to explain living systems, which are considered to be complex and adaptive, can learn, and are capable of maintaining an autonomous existence, at least within the confines of their cons... | Wikipedia/Viable_system_theory |
Family therapy (also referred to as family counseling, family systems therapy, marriage and family therapy, couple and family therapy) is a branch of psychotherapy focused on families and couples in intimate relationships to nurture change and development. It tends to view change in terms of the systems of interaction ... | Wikipedia/Family_systems_therapy |
Media, or mediums, are the core types of material (or related other tools) used by an artist, composer, designer, etc. to create a work of art. For example, a visual artist may broadly use the media of painting or sculpting, which themselves have more specific media within them, such as watercolor paints or marble.
The... | Wikipedia/Art_materials |
Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a computational method used for simulating the mechanics of continuum media, such as solid mechanics and fluid flows. It was developed by Gingold and Monaghan and Lucy in 1977, initially for astrophysical problems. It has been used in many fields of research, including astrophy... | Wikipedia/Smoothed_particle_hydrodynamics |
The Energy Citations Database (ECD) was created in 2001 in order to make scientific literature citations, and electronic documents, publicly accessible from U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and its predecessor agencies, at no cost to the user. This database also contains all the unclassified materials from Energy Re... | Wikipedia/Energy_Citations_Database |
Chipmunk2D is a 2-dimensional real-time rigid body physics engine written by Scott Lembcke that is designed to be portable, lightweight, fast, and easy to use. Prior to version 7, two main versions of the library existed. Chipmunk2D Free was written purely in C99, and freely available under the terms of the MIT License... | Wikipedia/Chipmunk_physics_engine |
In vehicle dynamics, a tire model is a type of multibody simulation used to simulate the behavior of tires. In current vehicle simulator models, the tire model is the weakest and most difficult part to simulate.
Tire models can be classified on their accuracy and complexity, in a spectrum that goes from more simple emp... | Wikipedia/Tire_model |
The Tokamak Game Physics SDK is an open-source physics engine.
At its beginnings, Tokamak was free for non commercial uses only. Since May 2007, it has become open sourced under a BSD License. Now it can be used under BSD or Zlib license, in order to make the source code exchange with other physics engine possible.
=... | Wikipedia/Tokamak_physics_engine |
Computer animation physics or game physics are laws of physics as they are defined within a simulation or video game, and the programming logic used to implement these laws. Game physics vary greatly in their degree of similarity to real-world physics. Sometimes, the physics of a game may be designed to mimic the phy... | Wikipedia/Game_physics |
Ragdoll physics is a type of procedural animation used by physics engines, which is often used as a replacement for traditional static death animations in video games and animated films. As computers increased in power, it became possible to do limited real-time physical simulations, which made death animations more re... | Wikipedia/Ragdoll_physics |
Star Wars: The Force Unleashed is a 2008 action-adventure game developed and published by LucasArts, and part of The Force Unleashed multimedia project. It was initially developed for the PS2, PS3, Wii, and Xbox 360 consoles and on iOS, second-generation N-Gage, NDS, PSP, and Java-equipped mobile phone handhelds. The ... | Wikipedia/Star_Wars:_The_Force_Unleashed |
The Open Dynamics Engine (ODE) is a physics engine written in C/C++. Its two main components are a rigid body dynamics simulation engine and a collision detection engine. It is free software licensed both under the BSD license and the LGPL.
ODE was started in 2001 and has already been used in many applications and game... | Wikipedia/Open_Dynamics_Engine |
Newton Game Dynamics is an open-source physics engine for realistically simulating rigid bodies in games and other real-time applications. Its solver is deterministic and not based on traditional LCP or iterative methods.
Newton Game Dynamics is actively developed by Julio Jerez. Currently a new version which will tak... | Wikipedia/Newton_Game_Dynamics |
Vortex Studio is a simulation software platform developed by CM Labs Simulations. It features a real-time physics engine that simulates rigid body dynamics, collision detection, contact determination, and dynamic reactions. It also contains model import and preparation tools, an image generator, and networking tools fo... | Wikipedia/Vortex_(physics_engine) |
In physics, a force is an influence that can cause an object to change its velocity unless counterbalanced by other forces. In mechanics, force makes ideas like 'pushing' or 'pulling' mathematically precise. Because the magnitude and direction of a force are both important, force is a vector quantity. The SI unit of fo... | Wikipedia/Force_vector |
AGX Dynamics (previously known as AGX Multiphysics) is a proprietary real-time physics engine developed by Algoryx Simulation AB that simulates rigid body dynamics, collision detection, dry frictional contacts, jointed systems, motors, fluids, deformable materials, hydraulics, hydrodynamics, cable systems and wires. A... | Wikipedia/AGX_Multiphysics |
AGX Dynamics (previously known as AGX Multiphysics) is a proprietary real-time physics engine developed by Algoryx Simulation AB that simulates rigid body dynamics, collision detection, dry frictional contacts, jointed systems, motors, fluids, deformable materials, hydraulics, hydrodynamics, cable systems and wires. A... | Wikipedia/AGX_Multiphysics_(physics_engine) |
Direct numerical control (DNC), also known as distributed numerical control (also DNC), is a common manufacturing term for networking CNC machine tools. On some CNC machine controllers, the available memory is too small to contain the machining program (for example machining complex surfaces), so in this case the progr... | Wikipedia/Direct_numerical_control |
Transform, clipping, and lighting (T&L or TCL) is a term used in computer graphics.
== Overview ==
Transformation is the task of producing a two-dimensional view of a three-dimensional scene. Clipping means only drawing the parts of the scene that will be present in the picture after rendering is completed. Lighting ... | Wikipedia/Transform_and_lighting |
The governing equations of a mathematical model describe how the values of the unknown variables (i.e. the dependent variables) change when one or more of the known (i.e. independent) variables change.
Physical systems can be modeled phenomenologically at various levels of sophistication, with each level capturing a d... | Wikipedia/Governing_equations |
Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) or Yee's method (named after the Chinese American applied mathematician Kane S. Yee, born 1934) is a numerical analysis technique used for modeling computational electrodynamics.
== History ==
Finite difference schemes for time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) have ... | Wikipedia/Finite_difference_time-domain_method |
Bidirectional texture function (BTF) is a 6-dimensional function depending on planar texture coordinates (x,y) as well as on view and illumination spherical angles. In practice this function is obtained as a set of several thousand color images of material sample taken during different camera and light positions.
The ... | Wikipedia/Bidirectional_texture_function |
Imagine was the name of a cutting-edge 3D modeling and ray tracing program, originally for the Amiga computer and later also for MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows.
It was created by Impulse, Inc. It used the .iob extension for its objects. Imagine was a derivative of the software TurboSilver, which was also for the Amiga an... | Wikipedia/Imagine_(3D_modeling_software) |
ColorGraphics Weather Systems was a computer graphics company that pioneered the use of computer graphics for displaying weather forecasts on local television. Formed in 1979 by Terry Kelly and Richard Daly, it is now part of Weather Central, another of Kelly's companies.
== History ==
After graduating from the Unive... | Wikipedia/ColorGraphics_Weather_Systems |
HOOPS Visualize is a 3D computer graphics software designed to render graphics across both mobile and desktop platforms. HOOPS Visualize provides 3D Graphics API to render CAD models. It's part of the HOOPS 3D Application Framework SDK. Since June 2018 it's licensed via Siemens PLM Software.
== History ==
The HOOPS 3... | Wikipedia/HOOPS_3D_Graphics_System |
The Application Programming Interface for Windows (APIW) Standard is a specification of the Microsoft Windows 3.1 API drafted by Willows Software. It is the successor to previously proposed Public Windows Interface standard. It was created in an attempt to establish a vendor-neutral, platform-independent, open standard... | Wikipedia/Application_Programming_Interface_for_Windows |
Artificial intelligence art usually means visual artwork generated (or enhanced) through the use of artificial intelligence (AI) programs.
Artists began to create AI art in the mid to late 20th century, when the discipline was founded. Throughout its history, AI has raised many philosophical concerns related to the hum... | Wikipedia/AI-generated_imagery |
Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces. The topography of an area may refer to the landforms and features themselves, or a description or depiction in maps.
Topography is a field of geoscience and planetary science and is concerned with local detail in general, including not only relief, but... | Wikipedia/Topographical |
The Discovery of Grounded Theory is a 1967 book (ISBN 0-202-30260-1) by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss on grounded theory.
After their success with Awareness of Dying, Glaser and Strauss decided to write a book on methodology. The Discovery of Grounded Theory was meant to invite and motivate people to use the newly ... | Wikipedia/The_Discovery_of_Grounded_Theory |
Qualitative research is a type of research that aims to gather and analyse non-numerical (descriptive) data in order to gain an understanding of individuals' social reality, including understanding their attitudes, beliefs, and motivation. This type of research typically involves in-depth interviews, focus groups, or f... | Wikipedia/Qualitative_methods |
The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks. In operation since before 1985, NTP is one of the oldest Internet protocols in current use. NTP was designed by David L. Mills of the University of Delaware.
... | Wikipedia/Simple_Network_Time_Protocol |
Transaction Capabilities Application Part, from ITU-T recommendations Q.771-Q.775 or ANSI T1.114 is a protocol for Signalling System 7 networks. Its primary purpose is to facilitate multiple concurrent dialogs between the same sub-systems on the same machines, using Transaction IDs to differentiate these, similar to th... | Wikipedia/Transaction_Capabilities_Application_Part |
The eDonkey Network (also known as the eDonkey2000 network or eD2k) is a decentralized, mostly server-based, peer-to-peer file-sharing network created in 2000 by US developers Jed McCaleb and Sam Yagan that is best suited to share big files among users, and to provide long term availability of files. Like most sharing... | Wikipedia/EDonkey_network |
Peer Name Resolution Protocol (PNRP) is a peer-to-peer protocol designed by Microsoft. PNRP enables dynamic name publication and resolution, and requires IPv6.
PNRP was first mentioned during a presentation at a P2P conference in November 2001. It appeared in July 2003 in the Advanced Networking Pack for Windows XP, an... | Wikipedia/Peer_Name_Resolution_Protocol |
Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is a specialized UDP-based Internet application protocol for constrained devices, as defined in RFC 7252 (published in 2014). It enables those constrained devices called "nodes" to communicate with the wider Internet using similar protocols.
CoAP is designed for use between devi... | Wikipedia/Constrained_Application_Protocol |
According to the redundancy theory of truth (also known as the disquotational theory of truth), asserting that a statement is true is completely equivalent to asserting the statement itself. For example, asserting the sentence "'Snow is white' is true" is equivalent to asserting the sentence "Snow is white". The philos... | Wikipedia/Redundancy_theory_of_truth |
Mobility models characterize the movements of mobile users with respect to their location, velocity and direction over a period of time. These models play a vital role in the design of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANET). Most of the times simulators play a significant role in testing the features of mobile ad hoc networks.... | Wikipedia/Mobility_model |
In computer network research, network simulation is a technique whereby a software program replicates the behavior of a real network. This is achieved by calculating the interactions between the different network entities such as routers, switches, nodes, access points, links, etc. Most simulators use discrete event si... | Wikipedia/Network_simulator |
A communication channel refers either to a physical transmission medium such as a wire, or to a logical connection over a multiplexed medium such as a radio channel in telecommunications and computer networking. A channel is used for information transfer of, for example, a digital bit stream, from one or several sender... | Wikipedia/Channel_model |
Complexity characterizes the behavior of a system or model whose components interact in multiple ways and follow local rules, leading to non-linearity, randomness, collective dynamics, hierarchy, and emergence.
The term is generally used to characterize something with many parts where those parts interact with each oth... | Wikipedia/complexity |
Assembly theory is a framework developed to quantify the complexity of molecules and objects by assessing the minimal number of steps required to assemble them from fundamental building blocks. Proposed by chemist Lee Cronin and his team, the theory assigns an assembly index to molecules, which serves as a measurable i... | Wikipedia/Assembly_theory |
The Zero-Force Evolutionary Law (ZFEL) is a theory proposed by Daniel McShea and Robert Brandon regarding the evolution of diversity and complexity. Under the ZFEL, diversity is understood as the variation among organisms and complexity as the variation among the parts within an organism. A part is understood as a syst... | Wikipedia/Zero-Force_Evolutionary_Law |
The model of hierarchical complexity (MHC) is a framework for scoring how complex a behavior is, such as verbal reasoning or other cognitive tasks. It quantifies the order of hierarchical complexity of a task based on mathematical principles of how the information is organized, in terms of information science. This mod... | Wikipedia/Model_of_hierarchical_complexity |
Holism in science, holistic science, or methodological holism is an approach to research that emphasizes the study of complex systems. Systems are approached as coherent wholes whose component parts are best understood in context and in relation to both each other and to the whole. Holism typically stands in contrast w... | Wikipedia/Holism_in_science |
A complex system is a system composed of many components which may interact with each other. Examples of complex systems are Earth's global climate, organisms, the human brain, infrastructure such as power grid, transportation or communication systems, complex software and electronic systems, social and economic organi... | Wikipedia/Complex_systems_theory |
Terence Kemp McKenna (November 16, 1946–April 3, 2000) was an American ethnobotanist and mystic who advocated for the responsible use of naturally occurring psychedelic plants and mushrooms. He spoke and wrote about a variety of subjects, including psychedelic drugs, plant-based entheogens, shamanism, metaphysics, alch... | Wikipedia/Novelty_theory |
Thorngate's postulate of commensurate complexity, also referred to as Thorngate's impostulate of theoretical simplicity is the description of a phenomenon in social science theorizing. Karl E. Weick maintains that research in the field of social psychology can – at any one time – achieve only two of the three meta-theo... | Wikipedia/Thorngate's_postulate_of_commensurate_complexity |
A hyperbolic geometric graph (HGG) or hyperbolic geometric network (HGN) is a special type of spatial network where (1) latent coordinates of nodes are sprinkled according to a probability density function into a
hyperbolic space of constant negative curvature and (2) an edge between two nodes is present if they are c... | Wikipedia/Hyperbolic_Geometric_Graph |
In network science, reciprocity is a measure of the likelihood of vertices in a directed network to be mutually linked. Like the clustering coefficient, scale-free degree distribution, or community structure, reciprocity is a quantitative measure used to study complex networks.
== Motivation ==
In real network proble... | Wikipedia/Reciprocity_in_network |
Complex Networks is an American media and entertainment company for youth culture, based in New York City. It was founded as a bi-monthly magazine, Complex, by fashion designer Marc Eckō. Complex Networks reports on popular and emerging trends in style, sneakers, food, music, sports and pop culture. Complex Networks re... | Wikipedia/Complex_Networks |
A small-world network is a graph characterized by a high clustering coefficient and low distances. In an example of the social network, high clustering implies the high probability that two friends of one person are friends themselves. The low distances, on the other hand, mean that there is a short chain of social con... | Wikipedia/Small_world_networks |
In network theory, multidimensional networks, a special type of multilayer network, are networks with multiple kinds of relations.
Increasingly sophisticated attempts to model real-world systems as multidimensional networks have yielded valuable insight in the fields of social network analysis, economics, urban and in... | Wikipedia/Multidimensional_network |
Random graph theory of gelation is a mathematical theory for sol–gel processes. The theory is a collection of results that generalise the Flory–Stockmayer theory, and allow identification of the gel point, gel fraction, size distribution of polymers, molar mass distribution and other characteristics for a set of many p... | Wikipedia/Random_graph_theory_of_gelation |
The field of complex networks has emerged as an important area of science to generate novel insights into nature of complex systems The application of network theory to climate science is a young and emerging field. To identify and analyze patterns in global climate, scientists model climate data as complex networks.
U... | Wikipedia/Climate_networks |
In ecology, r/K selection theory relates to the selection of combinations of traits in an organism that trade off between quantity and quality of offspring. The focus on either an increased quantity of offspring at the expense of reduced individual parental investment of r-strategists, or on a reduced quantity of offsp... | Wikipedia/R/K_selection_theory |
In animal husbandry, feed conversion ratio (FCR) or feed conversion rate is a ratio or rate measuring of the efficiency with which the bodies of livestock convert animal feed into the desired output. For dairy cows, for example, the output is milk, whereas in animals raised for meat (such as beef cows, pigs, chickens, ... | Wikipedia/Feed_conversion_ratio |
Species distribution modelling (SDM), also known as environmental (or ecological) niche modelling (ENM), habitat modelling, predictive habitat distribution modelling, and range mapping uses ecological models to predict the distribution of a species across geographic space and time using environmental data. The environm... | Wikipedia/Species_distribution_modelling |
An ecological network is a representation of the biotic interactions in an ecosystem, in which species (nodes) are connected by pairwise interactions (links). These interactions can be trophic or symbiotic. Ecological networks are used to describe and compare the structures of real ecosystems, while network models ar... | Wikipedia/Ecological_network |
Resource selection functions (RSFs) are a class of functions that are used in spatial ecology to assess which habitat characteristics are important to a specific population or species of animal, by assessing a probability of that animal using a certain resource proportional to the availability of that resource in the e... | Wikipedia/Resource_selection_function |
Marxian class theory asserts that an individual's position within a class hierarchy is determined by their role in the production process, and argues that political and ideological consciousness is determined by class position. A class is those who share common economic interests, are conscious of those interests, and ... | Wikipedia/Marxian_class_theory |
A fishery is an area with an associated fish or aquatic population which is harvested for its commercial or recreational value. Fisheries can be wild or farmed. Population dynamics describes the ways in which a given population grows and shrinks over time, as controlled by birth, death, and migration. It is the basis f... | Wikipedia/Population_dynamics_of_fisheries |
The metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) is the ecological component of the more general Metabolic Scaling Theory and Kleiber's law. It posits that the metabolic rate of organisms is the fundamental biological rate that governs most observed patterns in ecology. MTE is part of a larger set of theory known as metabolic sca... | Wikipedia/Metabolic_theory_of_ecology |
The Goodwin model, sometimes called Goodwin's class struggle model, is a model of endogenous economic fluctuations first proposed by the American economist Richard M. Goodwin in 1967. It combines aspects of the Harrod–Domar growth model with the Phillips curve to generate endogenous cycles in economic activity (output,... | Wikipedia/Goodwin_model_(economics) |
The Nicholson–Bailey model was developed in the 1930s to describe the population dynamics of a coupled host-parasitoid system.a It is named after Alexander John Nicholson and Victor Albert Bailey. Host-parasite and prey-predator systems can also be represented with the Nicholson-Bailey model. The model is closely rela... | Wikipedia/Nicholson–Bailey_model |
In theoretical ecology and nonlinear dynamics, consumer-resource models (CRMs) are a class of ecological models in which a community of consumer species compete for a common pool of resources. Instead of species interacting directly, all species-species interactions are mediated through resource dynamics. Consumer-reso... | Wikipedia/Consumer-resource_model |
Functional ecology is a branch of ecology that focuses on the roles, or functions, that species play in the community or ecosystem in which they occur. In this approach, physiological, anatomical, and life history characteristics of the species are emphasized. The term "function" is used to emphasize certain physiologi... | Wikipedia/Functional_ecology |
The competitive Lotka–Volterra equations are a simple model of the population dynamics of species competing for some common resource. They can be further generalised to the generalized Lotka–Volterra equation to include trophic interactions.
== Overview ==
The form is similar to the Lotka–Volterra equations for pred... | Wikipedia/Competitive_Lotka–Volterra_equations |
The Arditi–Ginzburg equations describe ratio-dependent predator–prey dynamics. Where N is the population of a prey species and P that of a predator, the population dynamics are described by the following two equations:
... | Wikipedia/Arditi–Ginzburg_equations |
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