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In evolutionary biology, mimicry is an evolved resemblance between an organism and another object, often an organism of another species. Mimicry may evolve between different species, or between individuals of the same species. In the simplest case, as in Batesian mimicry, a mimic resembles a model, so as to deceive a d... | Wikipedia/Model_(mimicry) |
Medical model is the term coined by psychiatrist R. D. Laing in his The Politics of the Family and Other Essays (1971), for the "set of procedures in which all doctors are trained". It includes complaint, history, physical examination, ancillary tests if needed, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis with and without trea... | Wikipedia/Medical_model |
A mental model is an internal representation of external reality: that is, a way of representing reality within one's mind. Such models are hypothesized to play a major role in cognition, reasoning and decision-making. The term for this concept was coined in 1943 by Kenneth Craik, who suggested that the mind constructs... | Wikipedia/Mental_model |
A model organism is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the model organism will provide insight into the workings of other organisms. Model organisms are widely used to research human disease when human experimentat... | Wikipedia/Model_organism |
A model is a person with a role either to display commercial products (notably fashion clothing in fashion shows) or to serve as an artist's model.
Modelling ("modeling" in American English) entails using one's body to represent someone else's body or someone's artistic imagination of a body. For example, a woman model... | Wikipedia/Model_(person) |
Ship models or model ships are scale models of ships. They can range in size from 1/6000 scale wargaming miniatures to large vessels capable of holding people.
Ship modeling is a craft as old as shipbuilding itself, stretching back to ancient times when water transport was first developed.
== History ==
=== Ancient... | Wikipedia/Ship_model |
A model car, or toy car, is a miniature representation of an automobile. Other miniature motor vehicles, such as trucks, buses, or even ATVs, etc. are often included in this general category. Because many miniature vehicles were originally aimed at children as playthings, there is no precise difference between a model ... | Wikipedia/Model_car |
A model rocket is a small rocket designed to reach low altitudes (e.g., 100–500 m (330–1,640 ft) for a 30 g (1.1 oz) model) and be recovered by a variety of means.
According to the United States National Association of Rocketry (NAR)'s Safety Code, model rockets are constructed out of lightweight and non metallic parts... | Wikipedia/Model_rocket |
A scale model is a physical model that is geometrically similar to an object (known as the prototype). Scale models are generally smaller than large prototypes such as vehicles, buildings, or people; but may be larger than small prototypes such as anatomical structures or subatomic particles. Models built to the same s... | Wikipedia/Scale_model |
Model–view–controller (MVC) is a software architectural pattern commonly used for developing user interfaces that divides the related program logic into three interconnected elements. These elements are:
the model, the internal representations of information
the view, the interface that presents information to and acc... | Wikipedia/Model_(MVC) |
A show house, also called a model home or display home, is a "display" version of manufactured homes, or houses in a subdivision. They are used on newly built developments to show the living space and features of homes available. Show homes are often built in such a way that they can be sold like any other house once t... | Wikipedia/Model_house |
Railway modelling (UK, Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland) or model railroading (US and Canada) is a hobby in which rail transport systems are modelled at a reduced scale.
The scale models include locomotives, rolling stock, streetcars, tracks, signalling, cranes, and landscapes including: countryside, roads, bridges,... | Wikipedia/Rail_transport_modelling |
In software engineering, a domain model is a conceptual model of the domain that incorporates both behavior and data. In ontology engineering, a domain model is a formal representation of a knowledge domain with concepts, roles, datatypes, individuals, and rules, typically grounded in a description logic.
== Overview... | Wikipedia/Conceptual_model_(computer_science) |
In 3D computer graphics, 3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical coordinate-based representation of a surface of an object (inanimate or living) in three dimensions via specialized software by manipulating edges, vertices, and polygons in a simulated 3D space.
Three-dimensional (3D) models represent a p... | Wikipedia/Model_(CGI) |
The model of a car is its design, in the context of the manufacturer's range or series of cars. Different models, variants are distinguishable by technology, components, underpinnings, and/or style and appearance.
The methods used to categorise cars into models differ significantly between manufacturers. Frequently, se... | Wikipedia/Car_model |
In marketing, a product is an object, or system, or service made available for consumer use as of the consumer demand; it is anything that can be offered to a domestic or an international market to satisfy the desire or need of a customer. In retailing, products are often referred to as merchandise, and in manufacturin... | Wikipedia/Model_(product) |
A role model is a person whose behaviour, example, or success serves as a model to be emulated by others, especially by younger people. The term role model is credited to sociologist Robert K. Merton, who hypothesized that individuals compare themselves with reference groups of people who occupy the social role to whic... | Wikipedia/Role_model |
A model aircraft is a physical model of an existing or imagined aircraft, and is built typically for display, research, or amusement. Model aircraft are divided into two basic groups: flying and non-flying. Non-flying models are also termed static, display, or shelf models.
Aircraft manufacturers and researchers make w... | Wikipedia/Model_aircraft |
Railway modelling (UK, Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland) or model railroading (US and Canada) is a hobby in which rail transport systems are modelled at a reduced scale.
The scale models include locomotives, rolling stock, streetcars, tracks, signalling, cranes, and landscapes including: countryside, roads, bridges,... | Wikipedia/Model_railway |
A model is an informative representation of an object, person, or system. The term originally denoted the plans of a building in late 16th-century English, and derived via French and Italian ultimately from Latin modulus, 'a measure'.
Models can be divided into physical models (e.g. a ship model or a fashion model) and... | Wikipedia/Modelling |
A large language model (LLM) is a machine learning model designed for natural language processing tasks, especially language generation. LLMs are language models with many parameters, and are trained with self-supervised learning on a vast amount of text.
The largest and most capable LLMs are generative pretrained tran... | Wikipedia/Large_language_model |
A model act, also called a model law or a piece of model legislation, is a suggested example for a law, drafted centrally to be disseminated and suggested for enactment in multiple independent legislatures. The motivation classically has been the hope of fostering more legal uniformity among jurisdictions, and better p... | Wikipedia/Model_act |
An art model is a person who poses, often nude, for visual artists as part of the creative process, providing a reference for the human body in a work of art. As an occupation, modeling requires the often strenuous 'physical work' of holding poses for the required length of time, the 'aesthetic work' of performing a va... | Wikipedia/Model_(art) |
A language model is a model of the human brain's ability to produce natural language. Language models are useful for a variety of tasks, including speech recognition, machine translation, natural language generation (generating more human-like text), optical character recognition, route optimization, handwriting recogn... | Wikipedia/Language_model |
Algebraic varieties are the central objects of study in algebraic geometry, a sub-field of mathematics. Classically, an algebraic variety is defined as the set of solutions of a system of polynomial equations over the real or complex numbers. Modern definitions generalize this concept in several different ways, while a... | Wikipedia/Projective_algebraic_set |
In theoretical physics, there are many theories with supersymmetry (SUSY) which also have internal gauge symmetries. Supersymmetric gauge theory generalizes this notion.
== Gauge theory ==
A gauge theory is a field theory with gauge symmetry. Roughly, there are two types of symmetries, global and local. A global symm... | Wikipedia/Supersymmetric_gauge_theory |
The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions – excluding gravity) in the universe and classifying all known elementary particles. It was developed in stages throughout the latter half of the 20th century, throug... | Wikipedia/Standard_model |
Continuum (pl.: continua or continuums) theories or models explain variation as involving gradual quantitative transitions without abrupt changes or discontinuities. In contrast, categorical theories or models explain variation using qualitatively different states.
== In physics ==
In physics, for example, the space... | Wikipedia/Continuum_(theory) |
In theoretical physics, a super-Poincaré algebra is an extension of the Poincaré algebra to incorporate supersymmetry, a relation between bosons and fermions. They are examples of supersymmetry algebras (without central charges or internal symmetries), and are Lie superalgebras. Thus a super-Poincaré algebra is a Z2-gr... | Wikipedia/Super-Poincaré_algebra |
A Grand Unified Theory (GUT) is any model in particle physics that merges the electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces (the three gauge interactions of the Standard Model) into a single force at high energies. Although this unified force has not been directly observed, many GUT models theorize its existence. If the uni... | Wikipedia/Grand_unification_theory |
The concept of supergroup is a generalization of that of group. In other words, every supergroup carries a natural group structure, but there may be more than one way to structure a given group as a supergroup. A supergroup is like a Lie group in that there is a well defined notion of smooth function defined on them.
... | Wikipedia/Supergroup_(physics) |
Quantum gravity (QG) is a field of theoretical physics that seeks to describe gravity according to the principles of quantum mechanics. It deals with environments in which neither gravitational nor quantum effects can be ignored, such as in the vicinity of black holes or similar compact astrophysical objects, as well a... | Wikipedia/Quantum_theory_of_gravity |
In particle physics and physical cosmology, Planck units are a system of units of measurement defined exclusively in terms of four universal physical constants: c, G, ħ, and kB (described further below). Expressing one of these physical constants in terms of Planck units yields a numerical value of 1. They are a system... | Wikipedia/Planck_force |
In quantum field theory, the term moduli (sg.: modulus; more properly moduli fields) is sometimes used to refer to scalar fields whose potential energy function has continuous families of global minima. Such potential functions frequently occur in supersymmetric systems. The term "modulus" is borrowed from mathematic... | Wikipedia/Moduli_(physics) |
Number theory is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and arithmetic functions. Number theorists study prime numbers as well as the properties of mathematical objects constructed from integers (for example, rational numbers), or defined as generalizations of the integers (for exam... | Wikipedia/number_theory |
Wildfire modeling is concerned with numerical simulation of wildfires to comprehend and predict fire behavior. Wildfire modeling aims to aid wildfire suppression, increase the safety of firefighters and the public, and minimize damage. Wildfire modeling can also aid in protecting ecosystems, watersheds, and air quality... | Wikipedia/Wildfire_modeling |
An agent-based model (ABM) is a computational model for simulating the actions and interactions of autonomous agents (both individual or collective entities such as organizations or groups) in order to understand the behavior of a system and what governs its outcomes. It combines elements of game theory, complex system... | Wikipedia/Agent_based_modeling |
The lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM), originated from the lattice gas automata (LGA) method (Hardy-Pomeau-Pazzis and Frisch-Hasslacher-Pomeau models), is a class of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods for fluid simulation. Instead of solving the Navier–Stokes equations directly, a fluid density on a lattice is si... | Wikipedia/Lattice_Boltzmann_methods |
Computational physics is the study and implementation of numerical analysis to solve problems in physics. Historically, computational physics was the first application of modern computers in science, and is now a subset of computational science. It is sometimes regarded as a subdiscipline (or offshoot) of theoretical p... | Wikipedia/Computational_biophysics |
Computational astrophysics refers to the methods and computing tools developed and used in astrophysics research. Like computational chemistry or computational physics, it is both a specific branch of theoretical astrophysics and an interdisciplinary field relying on computer science, mathematics, and wider physics. C... | Wikipedia/Computational_astrophysics |
In numerical mathematics, relaxation methods are iterative methods for solving systems of equations, including nonlinear systems.
Relaxation methods were developed for solving large sparse linear systems, which arose as finite-difference discretizations of differential equations. They are also used for the solution of ... | Wikipedia/Relaxation_(iterative_method) |
Computational electromagnetics (CEM), computational electrodynamics or electromagnetic modeling is the process of modeling the interaction of electromagnetic fields with physical objects and the environment using computers.
It typically involves using computer programs to compute approximate solutions to Maxwell's equa... | Wikipedia/Computational_electrodynamics |
Open Source Physics, or OSP, is a project sponsored by the National Science Foundation and Davidson College, whose mission is to spread the use of open source code libraries that take care of a lot of the heavy lifting for physics: drawing and plotting, differential equation solvers, exporting to animated GIFs and movi... | Wikipedia/Open_Source_Physics |
Monte Carlo methods, or Monte Carlo experiments, are a broad class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to obtain numerical results. The underlying concept is to use randomness to solve problems that might be deterministic in principle. The name comes from the Monte Carlo Casino in Monaco, ... | Wikipedia/Monte_Carlo_method |
In computational modelling, multiphysics simulation (often shortened to simply "multiphysics") is defined as the simultaneous simulation of different aspects of a physical system or systems and the interactions among them. For example, simultaneous simulation of the physical stress on an object, the temperature distrib... | Wikipedia/Multiphysics_simulation |
A spin model is a mathematical model used in physics primarily to explain magnetism. Spin models may either be classical or quantum mechanical in nature. Spin models have been studied in quantum field theory as examples of integrable models. Spin models are also used in quantum information theory and computability theo... | Wikipedia/Spin_model |
Plasma modeling refers to solving equations of motion that describe the state of a plasma. It is generally coupled with Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic fields or Poisson's equation for electrostatic fields. There are several main types of plasma models: single particle, kinetic, fluid, hybrid kinetic/fluid, gyr... | Wikipedia/Plasma_modeling |
Computational geophysics is the field of study that uses any type of numerical computations to generate and analyze models of complex geophysical systems. It can be considered an extension, or sub-field, of both computational physics and geophysics. In recent years, computational power, data availability, and modelling... | Wikipedia/Computational_geophysics |
Computational Transportation Science (CTS) is an emerging discipline that combines computer science and engineering with the modeling, planning, and economic aspects of transport. The discipline studies how to improve the safety, mobility, and sustainability of the transport system by taking advantage of information t... | Wikipedia/Computational_transportation_science |
This is a list of graphical methods with a mathematical basis.
Included are diagram techniques, chart techniques, plot techniques, and other forms of visualization.
There is also a list of computer graphics and descriptive geometry topics.
== Simple displays ==
Area chart
Bar chart
Histogram
Variable-width bar chart
... | Wikipedia/Graphical_method |
Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics or CPMD refers to either a method used in molecular dynamics (also known as the Car–Parrinello method) or the computational chemistry software package used to implement this method.
The CPMD method is one of the major methods for calculating ab-initio molecular dynamics (ab-initio MD o... | Wikipedia/Car–Parrinello_molecular_dynamics |
In statistics and statistical physics, the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm is a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for obtaining a sequence of random samples from a probability distribution from which direct sampling is difficult. New samples are added to the sequence in two steps: first a new sample is proposed base... | Wikipedia/Metropolis–Hastings_algorithm |
In fluid dynamics, turbulence modeling is the construction and use of a mathematical model to predict the effects of turbulence. Turbulent flows are commonplace in most real-life scenarios. In spite of decades of research, there is no analytical theory to predict the evolution of these turbulent flows. The equations go... | Wikipedia/Turbulence_modeling |
In numerical analysis, one of the most important problems is designing efficient and stable algorithms for finding the eigenvalues of a matrix. These eigenvalue algorithms may also find eigenvectors.
== Eigenvalues and eigenvectors ==
Given an n × n square matrix A of real or complex numbers, an eigenvalue λ and it... | Wikipedia/Matrix_eigenvalue_problem |
In numerical analysis, Romberg's method is used to estimate the definite integral
∫
a
b
f
(
x
)
d
x
{\displaystyle \int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,d... | Wikipedia/Romberg's_method |
Computational thermodynamics is the use of computers to simulate thermodynamic problems specific to materials science, particularly used in the construction of phase diagrams.
Several open and commercial programs exist to perform these operations. The concept of the technique is minimization of Gibbs free energy of the... | Wikipedia/Computational_thermodynamics |
In solid-state physics, the k·p perturbation theory is an approximated semi-empirical approach for calculating the band structure (particularly effective mass) and optical properties of crystalline solids. It is pronounced "k dot p", and is also called the k·p method. This theory has been applied specifically in the fr... | Wikipedia/K.p_method |
Compartmental models are a mathematical framework used to simulate how populations move between different states or "compartments." While widely applied in various fields, they have become particularly fundamental to the mathematical modelling of infectious diseases. In these models, the population is divided into comp... | Wikipedia/Compartmental_models_in_epidemiology |
Modelling biological systems is a significant task of systems biology and mathematical biology. Computational systems biology aims to develop and use efficient algorithms, data structures, visualization and communication tools with the goal of computer modelling of biological systems. It involves the use of computer si... | Wikipedia/Modelling_biological_systems |
In numerical linear algebra, the Jacobi eigenvalue algorithm is an iterative method for the calculation of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a real symmetric matrix (a process known as diagonalization). It is named after Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi, who first proposed the method in 1846, but only became widely used in t... | Wikipedia/Jacobi_eigenvalue_algorithm |
Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) is an off-lattice mesoscopic simulation technique which involves a set of particles moving in continuous space and discrete time. Particles represent whole molecules or fluid regions, rather than single atoms, and atomistic details are not considered relevant to the processes address... | Wikipedia/Dissipative_particle_dynamics |
The Luttinger–Kohn model is a flavor of the k·p perturbation theory used for calculating the structure of multiple, degenerate electronic bands in bulk and quantum well semiconductors. The method is a generalization of the single band k·p theory.
In this model, the influence of all other bands is taken into account by ... | Wikipedia/Luttinger-Kohn_model |
Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a computational method used for simulating the mechanics of continuum media, such as solid mechanics and fluid flows. It was developed by Gingold and Monaghan and Lucy in 1977, initially for astrophysical problems. It has been used in many fields of research, including astrophy... | Wikipedia/Smoothed-particle_hydrodynamics |
In physics, lattice gauge theory is the study of gauge theories on a spacetime that has been discretized into a lattice.
Gauge theories are important in particle physics, and include the prevailing theories of elementary particles: quantum electrodynamics, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and particle physics' Standard Mod... | Wikipedia/Lattice_gauge_theory |
Materials science is an interdisciplinary field of researching and discovering materials. Materials engineering is an engineering field of finding uses for materials in other fields and industries.
The intellectual origins of materials science stem from the Age of Enlightenment, when researchers began to use analytical... | Wikipedia/Material_science |
Computational magnetohydrodynamics (CMHD) is a rapidly developing branch of magnetohydrodynamics that uses numerical methods and algorithms to solve and analyze problems that involve electrically conducting fluids. Most of the methods used in CMHD are borrowed from the well established techniques employed in Computatio... | Wikipedia/Computational_magnetohydrodynamics |
The Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA) is an academic conference in the fields of algorithm design and discrete mathematics. It is considered to be one of the top conferences for research in algorithms. SODA has been organized annually since 1990, typically in January. SODA is jointly sponsored by ... | Wikipedia/Symposium_on_Discrete_Algorithms |
The Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS) is an academic conference in the field of computer science. It is held each year, alternately in Germany and France, since 1984. Typical themes of the conference include algorithms, computational and structural complexity, automata, formal languages and l... | Wikipedia/Symposium_on_Theoretical_Aspects_of_Computer_Science |
ACM Transactions on Computation Theory (ACM ToCT) is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal devoted to the study of computational complexity theory and allied fields. It was established in 2009 and is published by the Association for Computing Machinery, a premier scientific and educational society on computer s... | Wikipedia/ACM_Transactions_on_Computation_Theory |
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules as a result of biochemical events steered by interactions that include electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding and the hydrophobic effect. Many are physical contacts with molecular associations... | Wikipedia/Protein–protein_interaction |
A phenomenon (pl. phenomena), sometimes spelled phaenomenon, is an observable event. The term came into its modern philosophical usage through Immanuel Kant, who contrasted it with the noumenon, which cannot be directly observed. Kant was heavily influenced by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in this part of his philosophy, ... | Wikipedia/Phenomena |
ACM SIGACT or SIGACT is the Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory, whose purpose is support of research in theoretical computer science. It was founded in 1968 by Patrick C. Fischer.
== Publications ==
SIGACT publishes a quarterly print newsletter, SIGACT News... | Wikipedia/Special_Interest_Group_on_Algorithms_and_Computation_Theory |
A computer network is a collection of communicating computers and other devices, such as printers and smart phones. In order to communicate, the computers and devices must be connected by wired media like copper cables, optical fibers, or by wireless communication. The devices may be connected in a variety of network t... | Wikipedia/Computer_networking |
In computer science, an instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract model that generally defines how software controls the CPU in a computer or a family of computers. A device or program that executes instructions described by that ISA, such as a central processing unit (CPU), is called an implementation of that ... | Wikipedia/Instruction_(computer_science) |
In computer science, synchronization is the task of coordinating multiple processes to join up or handshake at a certain point, in order to reach an agreement or commit to a certain sequence of action.
== Motivation ==
The need for synchronization does not arise merely in multi-processor systems but for any kind of c... | Wikipedia/Synchronization_(computer_science) |
SPAA, the ACM Symposium on Parallelism in Algorithms and Architectures, is an academic conference in the fields of parallel computing and distributed computing. It is sponsored by the Association for Computing Machinery special interest groups SIGACT and SIGARCH, and it is organized in cooperation with the European Ass... | Wikipedia/Symposium_on_Parallelism_in_Algorithms_and_Architectures |
This article is a list of notable unsolved problems in computer science. A problem in computer science is considered unsolved when no solution is known or when experts in the field disagree about proposed solutions.
== Computational complexity ==
P versus NP problem – The P vs NP problem is a major unsolved question... | Wikipedia/Unsolved_problems_in_computer_science |
In engineering, a function is interpreted as a specific process, action or task that a system is able to perform.
== In engineering design ==
In the lifecycle of engineering projects, there are usually distinguished subsequently: Requirements and Functional specification documents. The Requirements usually specifies ... | Wikipedia/Function_(engineering) |
The ACM–IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS) is an annual academic conference on the theory and practice of computer science in relation to mathematical logic. Extended versions of selected papers of each year's conference appear in renowned international journals such as Logical Methods in Computer Scien... | Wikipedia/Symposium_on_Logic_in_Computer_Science |
Evolutionary algorithms (EA) reproduce essential elements of the biological evolution in a computer algorithm in order to solve "difficult" problems, at least approximately, for which no exact or satisfactory solution methods are known. They belong to the class of metaheuristics and are a subset of population based bio... | Wikipedia/Evolutionary_algorithms |
DNA computing is an emerging branch of unconventional computing which uses DNA, biochemistry, and molecular biology hardware, instead of the traditional electronic computing. Research and development in this area concerns theory, experiments, and applications of DNA computing. Although the field originally started wit... | Wikipedia/DNA_computing |
Artificial immune systems (AIS) are a class of rule-based machine learning systems inspired by the principles and processes of the vertebrate immune system. The algorithms are typically modeled after the immune system's characteristics of learning and memory for problem-solving, specifically for the computational techn... | Wikipedia/Artificial_immune_systems |
The Conference on Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science is an academic conference about theoretical computer science. The conference was initiated by Andrew Yao in 2010, and was originally called Innovations in Computer Science. The proceedings were hosted online in 2010 and 2011, were published in the ACM Digita... | Wikipedia/Innovations_in_Theoretical_Computer_Science |
Silicon Graphics, Inc. (stylized as SiliconGraphics before 1999, later rebranded SGI, historically known as Silicon Graphics Computer Systems or SGCS) was an American high-performance computing manufacturer, producing computer hardware and software. Founded in Mountain View, California, in November 1981 by James H. Cla... | Wikipedia/Silicon_Graphics |
Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) is an AI accelerator application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) developed by Google for neural network machine learning, using Google's own TensorFlow software. Google began using TPUs internally in 2015, and in 2018 made them available for third-party use, both as part of its cloud inf... | Wikipedia/Tensor_processing_unit |
The GeForce 10 series is a series of graphics processing units developed by Nvidia, initially based on the Pascal microarchitecture announced in March 2014. This design series succeeded the GeForce 900 series, and is succeeded by the GeForce 16 series and GeForce 20 series using the Turing microarchitecture.
== Archi... | Wikipedia/GeForce_10_series |
A die, in the context of integrated circuits, is a small block of semiconducting material on which a given functional circuit is fabricated. Typically, integrated circuits are produced in large batches on a single wafer of electronic-grade silicon (EGS) or other semiconductor (such as GaAs) through processes such as ph... | Wikipedia/Die_(integrated_circuit) |
Intel Graphics Technology (GT) is the collective name for a series of integrated graphics processors (IGPs) produced by Intel that are manufactured on the same package or die as the central processing unit (CPU). It was first introduced in 2010 as Intel HD Graphics and renamed in 2017 as Intel UHD Graphics.
Intel Iris ... | Wikipedia/Intel_HD_Graphics |
A display resolution standard is a commonly used width and height dimension (display resolution) of an electronic visual display device, measured in pixels. This information is used for electronic devices such as a computer monitor. Certain combinations of width and height are standardized (e.g. by VESA) and typically ... | Wikipedia/Graphics_display_resolution |
A physics processing unit (PPU) is a dedicated microprocessor designed to handle the calculations of physics, especially in the physics engine of video games. It is an example of hardware acceleration.
Examples of calculations involving a PPU might include rigid body dynamics, soft body dynamics, collision detection, f... | Wikipedia/Physics_processing_unit |
Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) is a parallel expansion card standard, designed for attaching a video card to a computer system to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics. It was originally designed as a successor to PCI-type connections for video cards. Since 2004, AGP was progressively phased out in favor ... | Wikipedia/Accelerated_Graphics_Port |
In computer graphics, a texel, texture element, or texture pixel is the fundamental unit of a texture map. Textures are represented by arrays of texels representing the texture space, just as other images are represented by arrays of pixels.
Texels can also be described by image regions that are obtained through simpl... | Wikipedia/Texel_(graphics) |
A discrete cosine transform (DCT) expresses a finite sequence of data points in terms of a sum of cosine functions oscillating at different frequencies. The DCT, first proposed by Nasir Ahmed in 1972, is a widely used transformation technique in signal processing and data compression. It is used in most digital media, ... | Wikipedia/Inverse_discrete_cosine_transform |
RDNA 2 is a GPU microarchitecture designed by AMD, released with the Radeon RX 6000 series on November 18, 2020. Alongside powering the RX 6000 series, RDNA 2 is also featured in the SoCs designed by AMD for the PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X/S, and Steam Deck consoles.
== Background ==
On July 7, 2019, AMD released th... | Wikipedia/RDNA_2 |
In computing, a cryptographic accelerator is a co-processor designed specifically to perform computationally intensive cryptographic operations, doing so far more efficiently than the general-purpose CPU. Because many servers' system loads consist mostly of cryptographic operations, this can greatly increase performanc... | Wikipedia/Cryptographic_accelerator |
Super VGA (SVGA) or Extended VGA is a broad term that covers a wide range of computer display standards that extended IBM's VGA specification.
When used as shorthand for a resolution, as VGA and XGA often are, SVGA refers to a resolution of 800 × 600.
== History ==
In the late 1980s, after the release of IBM's VGA, ... | Wikipedia/Super_video_graphics_array |
Graphics Core Next (GCN) is the codename for a series of microarchitectures and an instruction set architecture that were developed by AMD for its GPUs as the successor to its TeraScale microarchitecture. The first product featuring GCN was launched on January 9, 2012.
GCN is a reduced instruction set SIMD microarchite... | Wikipedia/Graphics_Core_Next |
A video display controller (VDC), also called a display engine or display interface, is an integrated circuit which is the main component in a video-signal generator, a device responsible for the production of a TV video signal in a computing or game system. Some VDCs also generate an audio signal, but that is not thei... | Wikipedia/Video_display_controller |
Video Graphics Array (VGA) is a video display controller and accompanying de facto graphics standard, first introduced with the IBM PS/2 line of computers in 1987, which became ubiquitous in the IBM PC compatible industry within three years. The term can now refer to the computer display standard, the 15-pin D-subminia... | Wikipedia/Video_Graphics_Array |
In computer graphics, tessellation is the dividing of datasets of polygons (sometimes called vertex sets) presenting objects in a scene into suitable structures for rendering. Especially for real-time rendering, data is tessellated into triangles, for example in OpenGL 4.0 and Direct3D 11.
== In graphics rendering ==... | Wikipedia/Tessellation_(computer_graphics) |
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