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Organellar DNA (oDNA) is DNA contained in organelles (such as mitochondria and chloroplasts), outside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Mitochondria contain mitochondrial DNA
Plastids (e.g., chloroplasts) contain plastid DNA
== Inheritance of organelle DNA ==
The traits encoded by this type of DNA, in animals, gener... | Wikipedia/Organellar_DNA |
Recombinant DNA (rDNA) molecules are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination (such as molecular cloning) that bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in the genome.
Recombinant DNA is the general name for a piece of DNA that... | Wikipedia/Recombinant_DNA |
DNA supercoiling refers to the amount of twist in a particular DNA strand, which determines the amount of strain on it. A given strand may be "positively supercoiled" or "negatively supercoiled" (more or less tightly wound). The amount of a strand's supercoiling affects a number of biological processes, such as compact... | Wikipedia/DNA_supercoil |
Arsenic biochemistry is the set of biochemical processes that can use arsenic or its compounds, such as arsenate. Arsenic is a moderately abundant element in Earth's crust, and although many arsenic compounds are often considered highly toxic to most life, a wide variety of organoarsenic compounds are produced biologic... | Wikipedia/Arsenic_DNA |
DNA nanotechnology is the design and manufacture of artificial nucleic acid structures for technological uses. In this field, nucleic acids are used as non-biological engineering materials for nanotechnology rather than as the carriers of genetic information in living cells. Researchers in the field have created static... | Wikipedia/DNA_nanotechnology |
Environmental DNA or eDNA is DNA that is collected from a variety of environmental samples such as soil, seawater, snow or air, rather than directly sampled from an individual organism. As various organisms interact with the environment, DNA is expelled and accumulates in their surroundings from various sources. Such e... | Wikipedia/Environmental_DNA |
Non-coding DNA (ncDNA) sequences are components of an organism's DNA that do not encode protein sequences. Some non-coding DNA is transcribed into functional non-coding RNA molecules (e.g. transfer RNA, microRNA, piRNA, ribosomal RNA, and regulatory RNAs). Other functional regions of the non-coding DNA fraction include... | Wikipedia/Non-coding_DNA |
Protein A is a 42 kDa surface protein originally found in the cell wall of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. It is encoded by the spa gene and its regulation is controlled by DNA topology, cellular osmolarity, and a two-component system called ArlS-ArlR. It has found use in biochemical research because of its ability... | Wikipedia/Protein_A |
In genetics, complementary DNA (cDNA) is DNA that was reverse transcribed (via reverse transcriptase) from an RNA (e.g., messenger RNA or microRNA). cDNA exists in both single-stranded and double-stranded forms and in both natural and engineered forms.
In engineered forms, it often is a copy (replicate) of the naturall... | Wikipedia/Complementary_DNA |
Nucleic acid thermodynamics is the study of how temperature affects the nucleic acid structure of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The melting temperature (Tm) is defined as the temperature at which half of the DNA strands are in the random coil or single-stranded (ssDNA) state. Tm depends on the length of the DNA molecule... | Wikipedia/DNA_melting |
Nuclear DNA (nDNA), or nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid, is the DNA contained within each cell nucleus of a eukaryotic organism. It encodes for the majority of the genome in eukaryotes, with mitochondrial DNA and plastid DNA coding for the rest. It adheres to Mendelian inheritance, with information coming from two parents... | Wikipedia/Nuclear_DNA |
The DNA damage theory of aging proposes that aging is a consequence of unrepaired accumulation of naturally occurring DNA damage. Damage in this context is a DNA alteration that has an abnormal structure. Although both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage can contribute to aging, nuclear DNA is the main subject of this... | Wikipedia/DNA_damage_theory_of_aging |
DNA-binding proteins are proteins that have DNA-binding domains and thus have a specific or general affinity for single- or double-stranded DNA. Sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins generally interact with the major groove of B-DNA, because it exposes more functional groups that identify a base pair.
== Examples ==... | Wikipedia/DNA-binding_protein |
DNA digital data storage is the process of encoding and decoding binary data to and from synthesized strands of DNA.
While DNA as a storage medium has enormous potential because of its high storage density, its practical use is currently severely limited because of its high cost and very slow read and write times.
In J... | Wikipedia/DNA_digital_data_storage |
Multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA) is a type of extrachromosomal satellite DNA that consists of a single-stranded DNA molecule covalently linked via a 2'-5'phosphodiester bond to an internal guanosine of an RNA molecule. The resultant DNA/RNA chimera possesses two stem-loops joined by a branch similar to the branche... | Wikipedia/Multicopy_single-stranded_DNA |
Hachimoji DNA (from Japanese 八文字 hachimoji, "eight letters") is a synthetic nucleic acid analog that uses four synthetic nucleotides in addition to the four present in the natural nucleic acids, DNA and RNA. This leads to four allowed base pairs: two unnatural base pairs formed by the synthetic nucleobases in addition... | Wikipedia/Hachimoji_DNA |
In biology, a branched DNA assay is a signal amplification assay (as opposed to a target amplification assay) that is used to detect nucleic acid molecules.
== Method ==
A branched DNA assay begins with a dish or some other solid support (e.g., a plastic dipstick). The dish is peppered with small, single stranded DNA... | Wikipedia/Branched_DNA |
Non-coding DNA (ncDNA) sequences are components of an organism's DNA that do not encode protein sequences. Some non-coding DNA is transcribed into functional non-coding RNA molecules (e.g. transfer RNA, microRNA, piRNA, ribosomal RNA, and regulatory RNAs). Other functional regions of the non-coding DNA fraction include... | Wikipedia/Noncoding_DNA |
A string-searching algorithm, sometimes called string-matching algorithm, is an algorithm that searches a body of text for portions that match by pattern.
A basic example of string searching is when the pattern and the searched text are arrays of elements of an alphabet (finite set) Σ. Σ may be a human language alphab... | Wikipedia/String_searching_algorithm |
The Patterson function is used to solve the phase problem in X-ray crystallography. It was introduced in 1935 by Arthur Lindo Patterson while he was a visiting researcher in the laboratory of Bertram Eugene Warren at MIT.
The Patterson function is defined as
P
(
u
,
... | Wikipedia/Patterson_function |
Triple-stranded DNA (also known as H-DNA or Triplex-DNA) is a DNA structure in which three oligonucleotides wind around each other and form a triple helix. In triple-stranded DNA, the third strand binds to a B-form DNA (via Watson–Crick base-pairing) double helix
by forming Hoogsteen base pairs or reversed Hoogsteen h... | Wikipedia/Triple-stranded_DNA |
Natural DNA damage is an alteration in the chemical structure of DNA, such as a break in a strand of DNA, a nucleobase missing from the backbone of DNA, or a chemically changed base such as 8-OHdG. DNA damage can occur naturally or via environmental factors, but is distinctly different from mutation, although both are ... | Wikipedia/DNA_damage_(naturally_occurring) |
Hantaro Nagaoka (長岡 半太郎, Nagaoka Hantarō, August 19, 1865 – December 11, 1950) was a Japanese physicist and a pioneer of Japanese physics during the Meiji period.
== Life ==
Nagaoka was born in Nagasaki, Japan on August 19, 1865 and educated at the University of Tokyo.: 633 After graduating with a degree in physics ... | Wikipedia/Saturnian_model |
In atomic physics, the Bohr model or Rutherford–Bohr model was a model of the atom that incorporated some early quantum concepts. Developed from 1911 to 1918 by Niels Bohr and building on Ernest Rutherford's nuclear model, it supplanted the plum pudding model of J. J. Thomson only to be replaced by the quantum atomic m... | Wikipedia/Rutherford–Bohr_model |
Matrix mechanics is a formulation of quantum mechanics created by Werner Heisenberg, Max Born, and Pascual Jordan in 1925. It was the first conceptually autonomous and logically consistent formulation of quantum mechanics. Its account of quantum jumps supplanted the Bohr model's electron orbits. It did so by interpreti... | Wikipedia/Matrix_Mechanics |
"Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease" is a 1949 scientific paper by Linus Pauling, Harvey A. Itano, Seymour J. Singer and Ibert C. Wells that established sickle-cell anemia as a genetic disease in which affected individuals have a different form of the metalloprotein hemoglobin in their blood. The paper, published... | Wikipedia/Sickle_Cell_Anemia,_a_Molecular_Disease |
A solvated electron is a free electron in a solution, in which it behaves like an anion. An electron's being solvated in a solution means it is bound by the solution. The notation for a solvated electron in formulas of chemical reactions is "e−". Often, discussions of solvated electrons focus on their solutions in ammo... | Wikipedia/Hydrated_electron |
In medicinal chemistry, Drug Permeability is an empirical parameter that indicates how quickly a chemical entity or an active pharmaceutical ingredient crosses a biological membrane or another biological barrier to become bioavailable in the body. Drug permeability, together with drug aqueous solubility are the two par... | Wikipedia/Drug_permeability |
A metal ion in aqueous solution or aqua ion is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula [M(H2O)n]z+. The solvation number, n, determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li+ and Be2+ and 6 for most elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table. Lanthanide and actinide aqua ions have higher sol... | Wikipedia/Metal_ions_in_aqueous_solution |
A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and chemical formulas. The reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and the product entities are on the right-hand side with a plus sign between the entities in both the reactants and the products, and an arrow tha... | Wikipedia/Ionic_equation |
An acidity function is a measure of the acidity of a medium or solvent system, usually expressed in terms of its ability to donate protons to (or accept protons from) a solute (Brønsted acidity). The pH scale is by far the most commonly used acidity function, and is ideal for dilute aqueous solutions. Other acidity fun... | Wikipedia/Acidity_function |
Association theory (also aggregate theory) is a theory first advanced by chemist Thomas Graham in 1861 to describe the molecular structure of colloidal substances such as cellulose and starch, now understood to be polymers. Association theory postulates that such materials are solely composed of a collection of smalle... | Wikipedia/Association_theory |
A coating is a covering that is applied to the surface of an object, or substrate. The purpose of applying the coating may be decorative, functional, or both. Coatings may be applied as liquids, gases or solids e.g. powder coatings.
Paints and lacquers are coatings that mostly have dual uses, which are protecting the s... | Wikipedia/Industrial_coating |
The Mark–Houwink equation, also known as the Mark–Houwink–Sakurada equation or the Kuhn–Mark–Houwink–Sakurada equation or the Landau–Kuhn–Mark–Houwink–Sakurada equation or the Mark-Chrystian equation gives a relation between intrinsic viscosity
[
η
]
{\displaystyl... | Wikipedia/Mark–Houwink_equation |
Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is a type of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), that separates high molecular weight or colloidal analytes on the basis of size or diameter, typically in organic solvents. The technique is often used for the analysis of polymers. As a technique, SEC was first developed in 1955 by L... | Wikipedia/Gel_permeation_chromatography |
The Hammett acidity function (H0) is a measure of acidity that is used for very concentrated solutions of strong acids, including superacids. It was proposed by the physical organic chemist Louis Plack Hammett and is the best-known acidity function used to extend the measure of Brønsted–Lowry acidity beyond the dilute ... | Wikipedia/Hammett_acidity_function |
In chemistry, an acid–base reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base. It can be used to determine pH via titration. Several theoretical frameworks provide alternative conceptions of the reaction mechanisms and their application in solving related problems; these are called the acid–base the... | Wikipedia/Arrhenius_theory |
In chemistry, the ECW model is a semi-quantitative model that describes and predicts the strength of Lewis acid–Lewis base interactions. Many chemical reactions can be described as acid–base reactions, so models for such interactions are of potentially broad interest. The model initially assigned E and C parameters to... | Wikipedia/ECW_model |
A frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) is a compound or mixture containing a Lewis acid and a Lewis base that, because of steric hindrance, cannot combine to form a classical adduct. Many kinds of FLPs have been devised, and many simple substrates exhibit activation.
The discovery that some FLPs split H2 triggered a rapid grow... | Wikipedia/Frustrated_Lewis_pair |
Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to scientific discoveries. Initially, it referred to a hypothetical concept of there being some fundamental particle of matter, too small to be seen by the n... | Wikipedia/Atomic_model |
Visual Molecular Dynamics (VMD) is a molecular modelling and visualization computer program. VMD is developed mainly as a tool to view and analyze the results of molecular dynamics simulations. It also includes tools for working with volumetric data, sequence data, and arbitrary graphics objects. Molecular scenes can b... | Wikipedia/Visual_Molecular_Dynamics |
Amsterdam Density Functional (ADF) is a program for first-principles electronic structure calculations that makes use of density functional theory (DFT). ADF was first developed in the early seventies by the group of E. J. Baerends from the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam, and by the group of T. Ziegler from the Univer... | Wikipedia/Amsterdam_Density_Functional |
Monte Carlo molecular modelling is the application of Monte Carlo methods to molecular problems. These problems can also be modelled by the molecular dynamics method. The difference is that this approach relies on equilibrium statistical mechanics rather than molecular dynamics. Instead of trying to reproduce the dynam... | Wikipedia/Monte_Carlo_molecular_modeling |
Materials Studio is software for simulating and modeling materials. It is developed and distributed by BIOVIA (formerly Accelrys), a firm specializing in research software for computational chemistry, bioinformatics, cheminformatics, molecular dynamics simulation, and quantum mechanics.
This software is used in advance... | Wikipedia/Materials_Studio |
Cadmium nitrate describes any of the related members of a family of inorganic compounds with the general formula Cd(NO3)2·xH2O. The most commonly encountered form being the tetrahydrate.The anhydrous form is volatile, but the others are colourless crystalline solids that are deliquescent, tending to absorb enough moist... | Wikipedia/Cadmium_nitrate |
Thorium(IV) nitrate is a chemical compound, a salt of thorium and nitric acid with the formula Th(NO3)4. A white solid in its anhydrous form, it can form tetra- and pentahydrates. As a salt of thorium it is weakly radioactive.
== Preparation ==
Thorium(IV) nitrate hydrate can be prepared by the reaction of thorium(IV... | Wikipedia/Thorium(IV)_nitrate |
Tin(IV) nitrate is a salt of tin with nitric acid. It is a volatile white solid, subliming at 40 °C under a vacuum. Unlike other nitrates, it reacts with water to produce nitrogen dioxide.
== Structure ==
It is structurally very similar to titanium(IV) nitrate, with the only major difference being the Sn–O bond(2.16... | Wikipedia/Tin(IV)_nitrate |
An oxalate nitrate is a chemical compound or salt that contains oxalate and nitrate anions (NO3− and C2O42-). These are mixed anion compounds. Some have third anions. Oxalate acts as a ligand, which normally complexes two metal atoms.
== Naming ==
An oxalate nitrate compound may also be called a nitrate oxalate. In c... | Wikipedia/Oxalate_nitrate |
Isosorbide dinitrate is a medication used for heart failure, esophageal spasms, and to treat and prevent angina pectoris. It has been found to be particularly useful in heart failure due to systolic dysfunction together with hydralazine. It is taken by mouth or under the tongue.
Common side effects include headache, li... | Wikipedia/Isosorbide_dinitrate |
Terbium(III) nitrate is an inorganic chemical compound, a salt of terbium and nitric acid, with the formula Tb(NO3)3. The hexahydrate crystallizes as triclinic colorless crystals with the formula [Tb(NO3)3(H2O)4]·2H2O. It can be used to synthesize materials with green emission.
== Preparation ==
Terbium(III) nitrate ... | Wikipedia/Terbium(III)_nitrate |
Barium nitrate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ba(NO3)2. It, like most barium salts, is colorless, toxic, and water-soluble. It burns with a green flame and is an oxidizer; the compound is commonly used in pyrotechnics.
== Manufacture, occurrence, and reactions ==
Barium nitrate is manufactured ... | Wikipedia/Barium_nitrate |
Manganese(II) nitrate refers to the inorganic compounds with formula Mn(NO3)2·(H2O)n. These compounds are nitrate salts containing varying amounts of water. A common derivative is the tetrahydrate, Mn(NO3)2·4H2O, but mono- and hexahydrates are also known as well as the anhydrous compound. Some of these compounds are u... | Wikipedia/Manganese(II)_nitrate |
Thallium(III) nitrate, also known as thallic nitrate, is a thallium compound with chemical formula Tl(NO3)3. Normally found as the trihydrate, it is a colorless and highly toxic salt which hydrolyses in water to thallium(III) oxide. It is a strong oxidizing agent useful in organic synthesis.
== Prepration ==
The trih... | Wikipedia/Thallium(III)_nitrate |
Aluminium nitrate is a white, water-soluble salt of aluminium and nitric acid, most commonly existing as the crystalline hydrate, aluminium nitrate nonahydrate, Al(NO3)3·9H2O.
== Preparation ==
Aluminium nitrate cannot be synthesized by the reaction of aluminium with concentrated nitric acid, as the aluminium forms a... | Wikipedia/Aluminium_nitrate |
Holmium (III) nitrate is an inorganic compound, a salt of holmium and nitric acid with the chemical formula Ho(NO3)3. The compound forms yellowish crystals, dissolves in water, also forms crystalline hydrates.
== Synthesis ==
Anhydrous salt is obtained by the action of nitrogen dioxide on holmium(III) oxide:
... | Wikipedia/Holmium(III)_nitrate |
Samarium(III) nitrate is an odorless, white-colored chemical compound with the formula Sm(NO3)3. It forms the hexahydrate, which decomposes at 50°C to the anhydrous form. When further heated to 420°C, it is converted to the oxynitrate, and at 680°C it decomposes to form samarium(III) oxide.
== Synthesis ==
Samarium(I... | Wikipedia/Samarium(III)_nitrate |
Iron(III) nitrate, or ferric nitrate, is the name used for a series of inorganic compounds with the formula Fe(NO3)3.(H2O)n. Most common is the nonahydrate Fe(NO3)3.(H2O)9. The hydrates are all pale colored, water-soluble paramagnetic salts.
== Hydrates ==
Iron(III) nitrate is deliquescent, and it is commonly found... | Wikipedia/Iron(III)_nitrate |
Rubidium nitrate is an inorganic compound with the formula RbNO3. This alkali metal nitrate salt is white and highly soluble in water.
== Properties ==
Rubidium nitrate is a white crystalline powder that is highly soluble in water and very slightly soluble in acetone. In a flame test, RbNO3 gives a mauve/light pur... | Wikipedia/Rubidium_nitrate |
Indium(III) nitrate is a nitrate salt of indium which forms various hydrates. Only the pentahydrate has been crystallographically verified. Other hydrates are also reported in literature, such as the trihydrate.
== Production and reactions ==
Indium(III) nitrate hydrate is produced by the dissolution of indium metal ... | Wikipedia/Indium(III)_nitrate |
Caesium nitrate or cesium nitrate is a salt with the chemical formula CsNO3. An alkali metal nitrate, it is used in pyrotechnic compositions, as a colorant and an oxidizer, e.g. in decoys and illumination flares. The caesium emissions are chiefly due to two powerful spectral lines at 852.113 nm and 894.347 nm.
Caesium ... | Wikipedia/Caesium_nitrate |
Palladium(II) nitrate is the inorganic compound with the formula Pd(NO3)2.(H2O)x where x = 0 or 2. The anhydrous and dihydrate are deliquescent solids. According to X-ray crystallography, both compounds feature square planar Pd(II) with unidentate nitrate ligands. The anhydrous compound, which is a coordination poly... | Wikipedia/Palladium(II)_nitrate |
Isosorbide mononitrate, sold under many brand names, is a medication used for heart-related chest pain (angina), heart failure and esophageal spasms. It can be used both to treat and to prevent heart-related chest pain; however, it is generally less preferred than beta blockers or calcium channel blockers. It is taken ... | Wikipedia/Isosorbide_mononitrate |
Xenon nitrate, also called xenon dinitrate, is an inorganic compound consisting of one xenon atom bonded to two nitrate groups. It can be made by reacting xenon difluoride with anhydrous nitric acid, but it only exists transiently before decomposing, and therefore it has not been isolated and fully characterized. A rel... | Wikipedia/Xenon_nitrate |
Iron(II) nitrate is the nitrate salt of iron(II). It is commonly encountered as the green hexahydrate, Fe(NO3)2·6H2O, which is a metal aquo complex, however it is not commercially available unlike iron(III) nitrate due to its instability to air. The salt is soluble in water and serves as a ready source of ferrous ions.... | Wikipedia/Iron(II)_nitrate |
Mercury(II) nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Hg(NO3)2. It is the mercury(II) salt of nitric acid HNO3. It contains mercury(II) cations Hg2+ and nitrate anions NO−3, and water of crystallization H2O in the case of a hydrous salt. Mercury(II) nitrate forms hydrates Hg(NO3)2·xH2O. Anhydrous and h... | Wikipedia/Mercury(II)_nitrate |
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry is a major reference work related to industrial chemistry by chemist Fritz Ullmann, first published in 1914, and exclusively in German as "Enzyklopädie der Technischen Chemie" until 1984.
== History ==
Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry is a major reference w... | Wikipedia/Ullmann's_Encyclopedia_of_Industrial_Chemistry |
Magnesium nitrate refers to inorganic compounds with the formula Mg(NO3)2(H2O)x, where x = 6, 2, and 0. All are white solids. The anhydrous material is hygroscopic, quickly forming the hexahydrate upon standing in air. All of the salts are very soluble in both water and ethanol.
== Occurrence, preparation, structu... | Wikipedia/Magnesium_nitrate |
The sulfate nitrates are a family of double salts that contain both sulfate and nitrate ions (NO3−, SO42−). They are in the class of mixed anion compounds. A few rare minerals are in this class. Two sulfate nitrates are in the class of anthropogenic compounds, accidentally made as a result of human activities in fertil... | Wikipedia/Sulfate_nitrates |
Nitroglycerin, also known as glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), is a vasodilator used for heart failure, high blood pressure, anal fissures, painful periods, and to treat and prevent chest pain caused by decreased blood flow to the heart (angina) or due to the recreational use of cocaine. This includes chest pain from a heart ... | Wikipedia/Nitroglycerin_(drug) |
Bromine mononitrate is an inorganic compound, derived from bromine and nitric acid with the chemical formula BrNO3. The compound is a yellow liquid, decomposes at temperatures above 0 °C.
This compounds is extremely reactive due to its intrinsic instability, which makes handling and synthesis challenging. Because of i... | Wikipedia/Bromine_nitrate |
Industrial fermentation is the intentional use of fermentation in manufacturing processes. In addition to the mass production of fermented foods and drinks, industrial fermentation has widespread applications in chemical industry. Commodity chemicals, such as acetic acid, citric acid, and ethanol are made by fermentati... | Wikipedia/Industrial_fermentation |
Iodine nitrate is a chemical with formula INO3. It is a covalent molecule with a structure of I–O–NO2.
== Preparation ==
The compound was first produced by the reaction of mercury(II) nitrate and iodine in ether.
Other nitrate salts and solvents can also be used.
As a gas it is slightly unstable, decaying with a rate... | Wikipedia/Iodine_nitrate |
Ytterbium(III) nitrate is an inorganic compound, a salt of ytterbium and nitric acid with the chemical formula Yb(NO3)3. The compound forms colorless crystals, dissolves in water, and also forms crystalline hydrates.
== Synthesis ==
Reaction of ytterbium and nitric oxide in ethyl acetate:
Yb + 3 N2O4 → Yb(NO3)3 + ... | Wikipedia/Ytterbium(III)_nitrate |
Orthonitrate is a tetrahedral anion of nitrogen with the formula NO3−4. It was first identified in 1977 and is currently known in only two compounds, sodium orthonitrate (Na3NO4) and potassium orthonitrate (K3NO4). The corresponding oxoacid, orthonitric acid (H3NO4), is hypothetical and has never been observed. Sodiu... | Wikipedia/Orthonitrate |
Strontium nitrate is an inorganic compound composed of the elements strontium, nitrogen and oxygen with the formula Sr(NO3)2. This colorless solid is used as a red colorant and oxidizer in pyrotechnics.
== Preparation ==
Strontium nitrate is typically generated by the reaction of nitric acid on strontium carbonate.
... | Wikipedia/Strontium_nitrate |
Nitrogen trioxide or nitrate radical is an oxide of nitrogen with formula NO3, consisting of three oxygen atoms covalently bound to a nitrogen atom. This highly unstable blue compound has not been isolated in pure form, but can be generated and observed as a short-lived component of gas, liquid, or solid systems.
Like... | Wikipedia/Nitrate_radical |
Sodium nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula NaNO3. This alkali metal nitrate salt is also known as Chile saltpeter (large deposits of which were historically mined in Chile) to distinguish it from ordinary saltpeter, potassium nitrate. The mineral form is also known as nitratine, nitratite or soda niter.
S... | Wikipedia/Sodium_nitrate |
Zirconium nitrate is a volatile anhydrous transition metal nitrate salt of zirconium with formula Zr(NO3)4. It has alternate names of zirconium tetranitrate, or zirconium(IV) nitrate.
It has a UN number of UN 2728 and is class 5.1, meaning oxidising substance.
== Formation ==
The anhydrous salt can be made from zirco... | Wikipedia/Zirconium_nitrate |
Vanadyl nitrate, also called vanadium oxytrinitrate or vanadium oxynitrate is an inorganic compound of vanadium in the +5 oxidation state with nitrate ligands and oxygen. The formula is VO(NO3)3. It is a pale yellow viscous liquid.
== Production ==
It is made by soaking vanadium pentoxide in liquid dinitrogen pentox... | Wikipedia/Vanadyl_nitrate |
Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with a sharp, salty, bitter taste and the chemical formula KNO3. It is a potassium salt of nitric acid. This salt consists of potassium cations K+ and nitrate anions NO−3, and is therefore an alkali metal nitrate. It occurs in nature as a mineral, niter (or nitre outside the Uni... | Wikipedia/Potassium_nitrate |
Lead(II) nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Pb(NO3)2. It commonly occurs as a colourless crystal or white powder and, unlike most other lead(II) salts, is soluble in water.
Known since the Middle Ages by the name plumbum dulce, the production of lead(II) nitrate from either metallic lead or lead... | Wikipedia/Lead(II)_nitrate |
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and exc... | Wikipedia/Prodrug |
Chlorine nitrate, with chemical formula ClONO2 is an important atmospheric gas present in the stratosphere. It is an important sink of reactive chlorine and nitrogen, and thus its formation and destruction play an important role in the depletion of ozone.
== Chemical properties ==
It explosively reacts with metals, ... | Wikipedia/Chlorine_nitrate |
Bismuth oxynitrate is the name applied to a number of compounds that contain Bi3+, nitrate ions and oxide ions and which can be considered as compounds formed from Bi2O3, N2O5 and H2O. Other names for bismuth oxynitrate include bismuth subnitrate and bismuthyl nitrate. In older texts bismuth oxynitrate is often simply ... | Wikipedia/Bismuth_oxynitrate |
Cerium nitrate refers to a family of nitrates of cerium in the +3 or +4 oxidation state. Often these compounds contain water, hydroxide, or hydronium ions in addition to cerium and nitrate. Double nitrates of cerium also exist.
== Cerium(III) nitrates ==
Anhydrous cerous nitrate, also called cerium(III) nitrate, is ... | Wikipedia/Cerium_nitrate |
Iodate nitrates are mixed anion compounds that contain both iodate and nitrate anions.
== Giant birefringence ==
Iodate nitrates can have high birefringence. The scandium salt has a giant birefringence of 0.348 at 546 nm. When discovered in 2021 it was a record high birefringence for oxyanion compounds, but it was e... | Wikipedia/Iodate_nitrate |
Cobalt nitrate is the inorganic compound with the formula Co(NO3)2.xH2O. It is a cobalt(II) salt. The most common form is the hexahydrate Co(NO3)2·6H2O, which is a red-brown deliquescent salt that is soluble in water and other polar solvents.
== Composition and structures ==
As well as the anhydrous compound Co(NO3)... | Wikipedia/Cobalt(II)_nitrate |
Beryllium nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Be(NO3)2. It forms a tetrahydrate with the formula [Be(H2O)4](NO3)2.The anhydrous compound, as for many beryllium compounds, is highly covalent. Little of its chemistry is known. Both the anhydrous form and the tetrahydrate are colourless solids that ... | Wikipedia/Beryllium_nitrate |
Nitrate chlorides are mixed anion compounds that contain both nitrate (NO3−) and chloride (Cl−) ions. Various compounds are known, including amino acid salts, and also complexes from iron group, rare-earth, and actinide metals. Complexes are not usually identified as nitrate chlorides, and would be termed chlorido nitr... | Wikipedia/Nitrate_chlorides |
Rhenium trioxynitrate, also known as rhenium(VII) trioxide nitrate, is a chemical compound with the formula ReO3NO3. It is a white solid that readily hydrolyzes in moist air.
== Preparation and properties ==
Rhenium trioxynitrate is prepared by the reaction of ReO3Cl (produced by reacting rhenium trioxide and chlorin... | Wikipedia/Rhenium_trioxynitrate |
Lutetium(III) nitrate is an inorganic compound, a salt of lutetium and nitric acid with the chemical formula Lu(NO3)3. The compound forms colorless crystals, dissolves in water, and also forms crystalline hydrates. The compound is poisonous.
== Synthesis ==
Dissolving lutetium oxide in nitric acid:
... | Wikipedia/Lutetium(III)_nitrate |
Mercury(I) nitrate is an inorganic compound, a salt of mercury and nitric acid with the formula Hg2(NO3)2. A yellow solid, the compound is used as a precursor to other Hg22+ complexes. The structure of the hydrate has been determined by X-ray crystallography. It consists of a [H2O-Hg-Hg-OH2]2+ center, with a Hg-Hg dist... | Wikipedia/Mercury(I)_nitrate |
Diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN) is an explosive nitrated alcohol ester with the formula C4H8N2O7. It is commonly used as a plasticizer in propellant or explosive formulations. While chemically similar to numerous other high explosives, pure diethylene glycol dinitrate is difficult to ignite. Ignition typically requ... | Wikipedia/Diethylene_glycol_dinitrate |
Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with chemical formula AgNO3. It is a versatile precursor to many other silver compounds, such as those used in photography. It is far less sensitive to light than the halides. It was once called lunar caustic because silver was called luna by ancient alchemists who associated sil... | Wikipedia/Silver_nitrate |
Polonium tetranitrate is an inorganic compound, a salt of polonium and nitric acid with the chemical formula Po(NO3)4. The compound is radioactive, forms white crystals.
== Synthesis ==
Dissolution of metallic polonium in concentrated nitric acid:
P
o
... | Wikipedia/Polonium_tetranitrate |
Uranyl nitrate is a water-soluble yellow uranium salt with the formula UO2(NO3)2 · n H2O. The hexa-, tri-, and dihydrates are known. The compound is mainly of interest because it is an intermediate in the preparation of nuclear fuels. In the nuclear industry, it is commonly referred to as yellow salt.
Uranyl nitrate c... | Wikipedia/Uranyl_nitrate |
Copper(I) nitrate is a proposed inorganic compound with formula of CuNO3. It has not been characterized by X-ray crystallography. It is the focus of one publication, which describes unsuccessful efforts to isolate the compound. Another nonexistent simple copper(I) compound derived from an oxyanion is cuprous perchlor... | Wikipedia/Copper(I)_nitrate |
Erbium(III) nitrate is an inorganic compound, a salt of erbium and nitric acid with the chemical formula Er(NO3)3. The compound forms pink crystals, readily soluble in water, also forms crystalline hydrates.
== Synthesis ==
Dissolving metallic erbium in nitric acid:
Er + 6 HNO3 → Er(NO3)3 + 3 NO2 + 3 H2O ↑
Dissolv... | Wikipedia/Erbium(III)_nitrate |
Lithium nitrate is an inorganic compound with the formula LiNO3. It is the lithium salt of nitric acid (an alkali metal nitrate). The salt is deliquescent, absorbing water to form the hydrated form, lithium nitrate trihydrate. Its eutectics are of interest for heat transfer fluids.
It is made by treating lithium carbo... | Wikipedia/Lithium_nitrate |
Chromium(III) nitrate describes several inorganic compounds consisting of chromium, nitrate and varying amounts of water. Most common is the dark violet hygroscopic solid. An anhydrous green form is also known. Chromium(III) nitrate compounds are of a limited commercial importance, finding some applications in the dye... | Wikipedia/Chromium(III)_nitrate |
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