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projected-20467347-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Hall%20%28Gainesville%2C%20Florida%29 | North Hall (Gainesville, Florida) | Introduction | North Hall built in 1950 is a historic building on the campus of the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, in the United States. It was designed by Guy Fulton in a modified Collegiate Gothic style to provide housing for the student body. | [] | [
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projected-20467347-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Hall%20%28Gainesville%2C%20Florida%29 | North Hall (Gainesville, Florida) | See also | North Hall built in 1950 is a historic building on the campus of the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, in the United States. It was designed by Guy Fulton in a modified Collegiate Gothic style to provide housing for the student body. | University of Florida
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projected-20467347-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Hall%20%28Gainesville%2C%20Florida%29 | North Hall (Gainesville, Florida) | References | North Hall built in 1950 is a historic building on the campus of the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, in the United States. It was designed by Guy Fulton in a modified Collegiate Gothic style to provide housing for the student body. | Category:Buildings at the University of Florida
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projected-26722719-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Palmer | Andy Palmer | Introduction | Andrew Charles Palmer (born 30 June 1963) is an English automotive executive and engineer. He has been described as the 'Godfather of EVs' due to his work launching the Nissan Leaf in 2010 whilst COO at the Japanese company. Palmer is also known for launching Aston Martin's first SUV, the DBX, and first mid-engined sports car, Valkyrie, during his tenure as CEO from 2014 to 2020. Palmer is currently CEO and Executive Vice-chairman of electric bus and van company, Switch. In addition, Palmer is founder and CEO of Palmer Automotive Ltd (most notably leading a bid on behalf of Punch, to acquire Nissan Motor Iberica in Barcelona), chairman of Optare plc, a non-executive director of Ashok Leyland Ltd, and Chairman of InoBat, a Slovakian developer of electric vehicle 'intelligent' batteries.
In 2017, Palmer was appointed chairman of the productivity and skills commission of the new West Midlands Combined Authority (WMCA). He was previously the chief planning officer, executive vice-president and member of the executive committee of Nissan Motor Company. Reporting directly to Nissan's president and CEO, Carlos Ghosn, Palmer shared the chief operating officer role with two Nissan executives. Palmer was also chairman of Infiniti, and president of Nissan Motor Light Truck Co, a member of the board of directors of Nissan (China) Investment Company (NCIC), and of Nissan's joint ventures with India's Ashok Leyland. | [] | [
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projected-26722719-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Palmer | Andy Palmer | Early life | Andrew Charles Palmer (born 30 June 1963) is an English automotive executive and engineer. He has been described as the 'Godfather of EVs' due to his work launching the Nissan Leaf in 2010 whilst COO at the Japanese company. Palmer is also known for launching Aston Martin's first SUV, the DBX, and first mid-engined sports car, Valkyrie, during his tenure as CEO from 2014 to 2020. Palmer is currently CEO and Executive Vice-chairman of electric bus and van company, Switch. In addition, Palmer is founder and CEO of Palmer Automotive Ltd (most notably leading a bid on behalf of Punch, to acquire Nissan Motor Iberica in Barcelona), chairman of Optare plc, a non-executive director of Ashok Leyland Ltd, and Chairman of InoBat, a Slovakian developer of electric vehicle 'intelligent' batteries.
In 2017, Palmer was appointed chairman of the productivity and skills commission of the new West Midlands Combined Authority (WMCA). He was previously the chief planning officer, executive vice-president and member of the executive committee of Nissan Motor Company. Reporting directly to Nissan's president and CEO, Carlos Ghosn, Palmer shared the chief operating officer role with two Nissan executives. Palmer was also chairman of Infiniti, and president of Nissan Motor Light Truck Co, a member of the board of directors of Nissan (China) Investment Company (NCIC), and of Nissan's joint ventures with India's Ashok Leyland. | Palmer was born in June 1963 in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. Palmer attended Kineton High School.
Palmer entered a technical apprenticeship with UK Automotive Products Limited in 1979 at the age of 16. He received a master's degree (MSc) in Product Engineering from the University of Warwick, in July 1990, and a doctorate (PhD) in Engineering Management, from Cranfield University, in April 2004. Palmer is a Chartered Engineer and a Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering. Palmer holds a Diploma in Industrial Management from Coventry University. Palmer is a member and former board member of SAE International and a Companion of the Chartered Management Institute
He was given honorary doctorates by Coventry and Cranfield Universities, and is a professor at Coventry University, industrial professor at Warwick University and a guest professor at the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology. | [] | [
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projected-26722719-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Palmer | Andy Palmer | Business career | Andrew Charles Palmer (born 30 June 1963) is an English automotive executive and engineer. He has been described as the 'Godfather of EVs' due to his work launching the Nissan Leaf in 2010 whilst COO at the Japanese company. Palmer is also known for launching Aston Martin's first SUV, the DBX, and first mid-engined sports car, Valkyrie, during his tenure as CEO from 2014 to 2020. Palmer is currently CEO and Executive Vice-chairman of electric bus and van company, Switch. In addition, Palmer is founder and CEO of Palmer Automotive Ltd (most notably leading a bid on behalf of Punch, to acquire Nissan Motor Iberica in Barcelona), chairman of Optare plc, a non-executive director of Ashok Leyland Ltd, and Chairman of InoBat, a Slovakian developer of electric vehicle 'intelligent' batteries.
In 2017, Palmer was appointed chairman of the productivity and skills commission of the new West Midlands Combined Authority (WMCA). He was previously the chief planning officer, executive vice-president and member of the executive committee of Nissan Motor Company. Reporting directly to Nissan's president and CEO, Carlos Ghosn, Palmer shared the chief operating officer role with two Nissan executives. Palmer was also chairman of Infiniti, and president of Nissan Motor Light Truck Co, a member of the board of directors of Nissan (China) Investment Company (NCIC), and of Nissan's joint ventures with India's Ashok Leyland. | Palmer started his professional career in 1983 as a project engineer of UK Automotive Products Limited. In 1991, he became manual transmission chief engineer of Rover Group. Latterly in his career, he was described by Automotive News Europe as an "engineer-turned-marketing guru [with a] raw instinct." | [
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projected-26722719-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Palmer | Andy Palmer | Nissan | Andrew Charles Palmer (born 30 June 1963) is an English automotive executive and engineer. He has been described as the 'Godfather of EVs' due to his work launching the Nissan Leaf in 2010 whilst COO at the Japanese company. Palmer is also known for launching Aston Martin's first SUV, the DBX, and first mid-engined sports car, Valkyrie, during his tenure as CEO from 2014 to 2020. Palmer is currently CEO and Executive Vice-chairman of electric bus and van company, Switch. In addition, Palmer is founder and CEO of Palmer Automotive Ltd (most notably leading a bid on behalf of Punch, to acquire Nissan Motor Iberica in Barcelona), chairman of Optare plc, a non-executive director of Ashok Leyland Ltd, and Chairman of InoBat, a Slovakian developer of electric vehicle 'intelligent' batteries.
In 2017, Palmer was appointed chairman of the productivity and skills commission of the new West Midlands Combined Authority (WMCA). He was previously the chief planning officer, executive vice-president and member of the executive committee of Nissan Motor Company. Reporting directly to Nissan's president and CEO, Carlos Ghosn, Palmer shared the chief operating officer role with two Nissan executives. Palmer was also chairman of Infiniti, and president of Nissan Motor Light Truck Co, a member of the board of directors of Nissan (China) Investment Company (NCIC), and of Nissan's joint ventures with India's Ashok Leyland. | Palmer joined Nissan in 1991 as business administration manager at the Nissan Technical Centre Europe (NTCE), where he became Deputy managing director in 2001 after managing vehicle design and testing.
In September 2002, Palmer moved to Japan, where he became program director for Nissan's Light Commercial Vehicles (LCVs).
Adding to his duties as Program Director, Palmer was named President of Nissan Motor Light Trucks Company Limited in 2003. After establishing the LCV business unit within Nissan in April 2004, Palmer was promoted in April 2005 to Corporate Vice-president in charge of the unit. In February 2009, Palmer was appointed Senior Vice-president, and entered Nissan's executive committee. In October 2010, Palmer's responsibility was extended to include Global Marketing, Brand and Communications. In April 2011, he was named Executive Vice-president.
In his position as Chief Planning Officer of Nissan, Andy Palmer was "responsible for global product planning, global program management, global market intelligence, global IS, global Infiniti business unit, global marketing communications, global corporate planning (including OEM business), zero emission vehicle planning and strategy, global battery business unit, and global sales."
At Nissan, Palmer is credited with pioneering new technologies, through his support of the Zeod hybrid Le Mans project and Bladeglider sports car concept.
At the 2011 Tokyo Motor Show, Palmer said that "it's complete bullshit" to assume that electric vehicles move the issue to the powerstation. Palmer conceded that EVs could pollute even less if electricity generation would be made greener across the globe.
Palmer was described as the "main proponent of electric vehicles" at Nissan and led on the development of the LEAF electric car. Bloomberg described Palmer as "instrumental in developing the Japanese carmaker's battery-powered LEAF."
In October 2013, Palmer called the Toyota 86 and the jointly developed Subaru BRZ "midlife crisis cars."
In March 2014, Palmer drew attention after Global NCAP tested a number of India's best-selling cars (including the Tata Nano, Suzuki-Maruti Alto 800, Ford Figo, Volkswagen Polo and Hyundai i10) and found their safety lacking. "I think the people who criticise these cars for not meeting US or European crash standards are living in a dream world," Palmer was quoted by Autocar. "We are talking about cars built to transport people who would otherwise be four or five-up on a motorcycle. These people today can't afford more, and if we fit safety systems we will drive the prices up and they'll choose the motorbike again. A car with a body and individual seats is much safer than a bike." A Nissan car was not among the tested vehicles. | [] | [
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projected-26722719-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Palmer | Andy Palmer | Aston Martin | Andrew Charles Palmer (born 30 June 1963) is an English automotive executive and engineer. He has been described as the 'Godfather of EVs' due to his work launching the Nissan Leaf in 2010 whilst COO at the Japanese company. Palmer is also known for launching Aston Martin's first SUV, the DBX, and first mid-engined sports car, Valkyrie, during his tenure as CEO from 2014 to 2020. Palmer is currently CEO and Executive Vice-chairman of electric bus and van company, Switch. In addition, Palmer is founder and CEO of Palmer Automotive Ltd (most notably leading a bid on behalf of Punch, to acquire Nissan Motor Iberica in Barcelona), chairman of Optare plc, a non-executive director of Ashok Leyland Ltd, and Chairman of InoBat, a Slovakian developer of electric vehicle 'intelligent' batteries.
In 2017, Palmer was appointed chairman of the productivity and skills commission of the new West Midlands Combined Authority (WMCA). He was previously the chief planning officer, executive vice-president and member of the executive committee of Nissan Motor Company. Reporting directly to Nissan's president and CEO, Carlos Ghosn, Palmer shared the chief operating officer role with two Nissan executives. Palmer was also chairman of Infiniti, and president of Nissan Motor Light Truck Co, a member of the board of directors of Nissan (China) Investment Company (NCIC), and of Nissan's joint ventures with India's Ashok Leyland. | Palmer became chief executive of Aston Martin in October 2014. He has gained recognition for bringing the iconic, albeit perennially loss-making, Aston Martin brand on the path of profitability.
"From a very early age I wanted to be the CEO of a car company," Palmer told Autocar, "but when I decided to take this one from Nissan, I was pretty sure people would say I was mad."
Arriving at Aston Martin in 2014, Palmer introduced new equity, an expansion plan, and cost reduction. He "put funding in place to launch one new model at least every year," sanctioned a new logistics center and a new factory in Wales to build the DBX SUV. At the 2015 Geneva Motor Show, Palmer had presented Aston Martin's "Second Century Plan," and he unveiled the DBX crossover concept he had commissioned when new into the job as Aston Martin CEO.
In Palmer's first year at Aston Martin, a decline of retail sales was reversed, with a year-on-year 11% growth. Under Palmer's early leadership between 2014 and 2017, EBITDA had quadrupled and the company returned to profit.
Drawing on his time working in Japan, Palmer imported various elements of Japanese corporate culture at Aston Martin, including a greater emphasis on teamwork and minimising internal politics.
Palmer's tenure at Aston Martin saw the launch of four core car models with nine derivatives; the DB11, Vantage, DBS Superleggera and DBX. Palmer also oversaw Aston Martin's move towards a mid-engined car bloodline, culminating in the launch of the Valkyrie expected in late 2020. | [] | [
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projected-26722719-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Palmer | Andy Palmer | Public offering | Andrew Charles Palmer (born 30 June 1963) is an English automotive executive and engineer. He has been described as the 'Godfather of EVs' due to his work launching the Nissan Leaf in 2010 whilst COO at the Japanese company. Palmer is also known for launching Aston Martin's first SUV, the DBX, and first mid-engined sports car, Valkyrie, during his tenure as CEO from 2014 to 2020. Palmer is currently CEO and Executive Vice-chairman of electric bus and van company, Switch. In addition, Palmer is founder and CEO of Palmer Automotive Ltd (most notably leading a bid on behalf of Punch, to acquire Nissan Motor Iberica in Barcelona), chairman of Optare plc, a non-executive director of Ashok Leyland Ltd, and Chairman of InoBat, a Slovakian developer of electric vehicle 'intelligent' batteries.
In 2017, Palmer was appointed chairman of the productivity and skills commission of the new West Midlands Combined Authority (WMCA). He was previously the chief planning officer, executive vice-president and member of the executive committee of Nissan Motor Company. Reporting directly to Nissan's president and CEO, Carlos Ghosn, Palmer shared the chief operating officer role with two Nissan executives. Palmer was also chairman of Infiniti, and president of Nissan Motor Light Truck Co, a member of the board of directors of Nissan (China) Investment Company (NCIC), and of Nissan's joint ventures with India's Ashok Leyland. | After being credited with "completing a turnaround for the once perennially loss-making company", in October 2018 Palmer announced the company's IPO on the London Stock Exchange. Following the initial float, the company faced challenges during the 2019 automotive downturn.
Following the IPO, analysts suggested Palmer had the "toughest job in the industry" and that alongside Brexit and the global automotive slump "blame [for the company's market performance] probably lies with Aston's private equity owners and its multiple advisers for seeking too high a price and encouraging the company to go to market with an excessively hubristic and overwrought script."
The Sunday Times wrote that Palmer has "fought for the past year with one hand tied behind his back. Aston's private equity shareholders, the Italian fund Investindustrial and Kuwait's Investment Dar, sold about 25% of their shares in the listing, raking in £1.1bn. But, reluctant to be diluted via a share issue, they did not allow Aston to raise any fresh capital. That meant it brought in new investors, but no new money, and so started life as a public company already up to its neck in debt."
Car and Driver questioned: “But could Palmer have altered his destiny? Even 20/20 hindsight struggles to discern a clearer path. The IPO was the only obvious way to defuse tensions between the existing investors who were clamoring to get their cash back. It's hard to imagine simple changes that could have sold many more cars or even a much quicker launch for the DBX."
To stabilize the company, Palmer led Aston Martin through two debt raises, a Rights Issue and private placement, raising £536million. This took place as Palmer navigated the company through the COVID-19 outbreak, which had a severe impact on demand throughout the automotive industry. | [] | [
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projected-26722719-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Palmer | Andy Palmer | Departure | Andrew Charles Palmer (born 30 June 1963) is an English automotive executive and engineer. He has been described as the 'Godfather of EVs' due to his work launching the Nissan Leaf in 2010 whilst COO at the Japanese company. Palmer is also known for launching Aston Martin's first SUV, the DBX, and first mid-engined sports car, Valkyrie, during his tenure as CEO from 2014 to 2020. Palmer is currently CEO and Executive Vice-chairman of electric bus and van company, Switch. In addition, Palmer is founder and CEO of Palmer Automotive Ltd (most notably leading a bid on behalf of Punch, to acquire Nissan Motor Iberica in Barcelona), chairman of Optare plc, a non-executive director of Ashok Leyland Ltd, and Chairman of InoBat, a Slovakian developer of electric vehicle 'intelligent' batteries.
In 2017, Palmer was appointed chairman of the productivity and skills commission of the new West Midlands Combined Authority (WMCA). He was previously the chief planning officer, executive vice-president and member of the executive committee of Nissan Motor Company. Reporting directly to Nissan's president and CEO, Carlos Ghosn, Palmer shared the chief operating officer role with two Nissan executives. Palmer was also chairman of Infiniti, and president of Nissan Motor Light Truck Co, a member of the board of directors of Nissan (China) Investment Company (NCIC), and of Nissan's joint ventures with India's Ashok Leyland. | The Aston Martin board announced on 26 May 2020 that Palmer was leaving Aston Martin after almost six years, to be replaced by Tobias Moers. Car and Driver noted, "once Lawrence Stroll had taken a substantial stake in the company — one Palmer had fought against — it was clear that change was coming." Before Palmer left, the Aston Martin share price had declined 94% since floatation and the price increased 40% on the day of the announcement; three directors also left.
On his departure from Aston Martin, Palmer was praised by Steve Fowler of Auto Express for producing Aston Martin's "best ever line up" and for "leaving the company in a better place than when he joined." Car and Driver agreed: "Palmer leaves Aston looking stronger than it ever has, and that wasn't enough to save him."
After leaving Aston Martin, Palmer spoke The Guardian newspaper and reflected on his tenure at the company, commenting "if you tell the story of going from £420m to £2bn, it’s an amazing turnaround.” Since leaving Aston Martin, Palmer has been described as the "architect of modern Aston Martin, developing the brand from an also-ran former Ford cast off to a real player in the segment". | [] | [
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projected-26722719-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Palmer | Andy Palmer | InoBat Auto | Andrew Charles Palmer (born 30 June 1963) is an English automotive executive and engineer. He has been described as the 'Godfather of EVs' due to his work launching the Nissan Leaf in 2010 whilst COO at the Japanese company. Palmer is also known for launching Aston Martin's first SUV, the DBX, and first mid-engined sports car, Valkyrie, during his tenure as CEO from 2014 to 2020. Palmer is currently CEO and Executive Vice-chairman of electric bus and van company, Switch. In addition, Palmer is founder and CEO of Palmer Automotive Ltd (most notably leading a bid on behalf of Punch, to acquire Nissan Motor Iberica in Barcelona), chairman of Optare plc, a non-executive director of Ashok Leyland Ltd, and Chairman of InoBat, a Slovakian developer of electric vehicle 'intelligent' batteries.
In 2017, Palmer was appointed chairman of the productivity and skills commission of the new West Midlands Combined Authority (WMCA). He was previously the chief planning officer, executive vice-president and member of the executive committee of Nissan Motor Company. Reporting directly to Nissan's president and CEO, Carlos Ghosn, Palmer shared the chief operating officer role with two Nissan executives. Palmer was also chairman of Infiniti, and president of Nissan Motor Light Truck Co, a member of the board of directors of Nissan (China) Investment Company (NCIC), and of Nissan's joint ventures with India's Ashok Leyland. | In October 2020, Palmer was appointed non-executive vice-chairman of a Slovakian battery manufacturer, InoBat Auto. In March 2022, Palmer was appointed as Chairman of the company. | [
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projected-26722719-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Palmer | Andy Palmer | Optare/Switch Mobility | Andrew Charles Palmer (born 30 June 1963) is an English automotive executive and engineer. He has been described as the 'Godfather of EVs' due to his work launching the Nissan Leaf in 2010 whilst COO at the Japanese company. Palmer is also known for launching Aston Martin's first SUV, the DBX, and first mid-engined sports car, Valkyrie, during his tenure as CEO from 2014 to 2020. Palmer is currently CEO and Executive Vice-chairman of electric bus and van company, Switch. In addition, Palmer is founder and CEO of Palmer Automotive Ltd (most notably leading a bid on behalf of Punch, to acquire Nissan Motor Iberica in Barcelona), chairman of Optare plc, a non-executive director of Ashok Leyland Ltd, and Chairman of InoBat, a Slovakian developer of electric vehicle 'intelligent' batteries.
In 2017, Palmer was appointed chairman of the productivity and skills commission of the new West Midlands Combined Authority (WMCA). He was previously the chief planning officer, executive vice-president and member of the executive committee of Nissan Motor Company. Reporting directly to Nissan's president and CEO, Carlos Ghosn, Palmer shared the chief operating officer role with two Nissan executives. Palmer was also chairman of Infiniti, and president of Nissan Motor Light Truck Co, a member of the board of directors of Nissan (China) Investment Company (NCIC), and of Nissan's joint ventures with India's Ashok Leyland. | In July 2020, Optare, a UK maker of buses, announced that Palmer was appointed non-executive chairman. Optare is a subsidiary of Indian company Ashok Leyland, where Palmer served as a non-executive board member since 2015. During his time at Nissan, Palmer was a board member of a Nissan joint-venture with Ashok Leyland. Nissan ended the joint-venture in 2016. In July 2021, Palmer was appointed as CEO and Executive Vice-chairman of the newly re-branded Optare, now known as Switch Mobility. In August 2021, Switch secured an investment that valued the company at $1.8 billion. | [] | [
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projected-26722719-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Palmer | Andy Palmer | Palmer Automotive Ltd. | Andrew Charles Palmer (born 30 June 1963) is an English automotive executive and engineer. He has been described as the 'Godfather of EVs' due to his work launching the Nissan Leaf in 2010 whilst COO at the Japanese company. Palmer is also known for launching Aston Martin's first SUV, the DBX, and first mid-engined sports car, Valkyrie, during his tenure as CEO from 2014 to 2020. Palmer is currently CEO and Executive Vice-chairman of electric bus and van company, Switch. In addition, Palmer is founder and CEO of Palmer Automotive Ltd (most notably leading a bid on behalf of Punch, to acquire Nissan Motor Iberica in Barcelona), chairman of Optare plc, a non-executive director of Ashok Leyland Ltd, and Chairman of InoBat, a Slovakian developer of electric vehicle 'intelligent' batteries.
In 2017, Palmer was appointed chairman of the productivity and skills commission of the new West Midlands Combined Authority (WMCA). He was previously the chief planning officer, executive vice-president and member of the executive committee of Nissan Motor Company. Reporting directly to Nissan's president and CEO, Carlos Ghosn, Palmer shared the chief operating officer role with two Nissan executives. Palmer was also chairman of Infiniti, and president of Nissan Motor Light Truck Co, a member of the board of directors of Nissan (China) Investment Company (NCIC), and of Nissan's joint ventures with India's Ashok Leyland. | In mid-2020, Palmer founded Palmer Automotive, a vehicle for Palmer to deploy "more than four decades' experience in the auto industry to do something good for the planet". Via Palmer Automotive Ltd, Palmer supports multiple organisations operating in the net zero space. | [] | [
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projected-26722719-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Palmer | Andy Palmer | UK government | Andrew Charles Palmer (born 30 June 1963) is an English automotive executive and engineer. He has been described as the 'Godfather of EVs' due to his work launching the Nissan Leaf in 2010 whilst COO at the Japanese company. Palmer is also known for launching Aston Martin's first SUV, the DBX, and first mid-engined sports car, Valkyrie, during his tenure as CEO from 2014 to 2020. Palmer is currently CEO and Executive Vice-chairman of electric bus and van company, Switch. In addition, Palmer is founder and CEO of Palmer Automotive Ltd (most notably leading a bid on behalf of Punch, to acquire Nissan Motor Iberica in Barcelona), chairman of Optare plc, a non-executive director of Ashok Leyland Ltd, and Chairman of InoBat, a Slovakian developer of electric vehicle 'intelligent' batteries.
In 2017, Palmer was appointed chairman of the productivity and skills commission of the new West Midlands Combined Authority (WMCA). He was previously the chief planning officer, executive vice-president and member of the executive committee of Nissan Motor Company. Reporting directly to Nissan's president and CEO, Carlos Ghosn, Palmer shared the chief operating officer role with two Nissan executives. Palmer was also chairman of Infiniti, and president of Nissan Motor Light Truck Co, a member of the board of directors of Nissan (China) Investment Company (NCIC), and of Nissan's joint ventures with India's Ashok Leyland. | Palmer advises the UK government in export matters as an ambassador for the GREAT Britain campaign. In 2016, Palmer was asked to be an advisor to the UK Prime Minister in the area of Skills and Apprenticeships. Palmer serves as an Honorary Group Captain of the Royal Air Force. In January 2021, Palmer wrote to the UK Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, Kwasi Kwarteng MP, declaring the UK urgently needed to plan for four factories for electric vehicle batteries in order for the UK car industry to stay competitive. In January 2021, Palmer submitted evidence to the parliamentary Science and Technology Select Committee on the role hydrogen can play in reaching Net Zero. In September 2021, Palmer announced he was appointed as an Ambassador for the government's Business Climate Leaders campaign ahead of COP26. | [] | [
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projected-26722719-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Palmer | Andy Palmer | Palmer Foundation | Andrew Charles Palmer (born 30 June 1963) is an English automotive executive and engineer. He has been described as the 'Godfather of EVs' due to his work launching the Nissan Leaf in 2010 whilst COO at the Japanese company. Palmer is also known for launching Aston Martin's first SUV, the DBX, and first mid-engined sports car, Valkyrie, during his tenure as CEO from 2014 to 2020. Palmer is currently CEO and Executive Vice-chairman of electric bus and van company, Switch. In addition, Palmer is founder and CEO of Palmer Automotive Ltd (most notably leading a bid on behalf of Punch, to acquire Nissan Motor Iberica in Barcelona), chairman of Optare plc, a non-executive director of Ashok Leyland Ltd, and Chairman of InoBat, a Slovakian developer of electric vehicle 'intelligent' batteries.
In 2017, Palmer was appointed chairman of the productivity and skills commission of the new West Midlands Combined Authority (WMCA). He was previously the chief planning officer, executive vice-president and member of the executive committee of Nissan Motor Company. Reporting directly to Nissan's president and CEO, Carlos Ghosn, Palmer shared the chief operating officer role with two Nissan executives. Palmer was also chairman of Infiniti, and president of Nissan Motor Light Truck Co, a member of the board of directors of Nissan (China) Investment Company (NCIC), and of Nissan's joint ventures with India's Ashok Leyland. | In September 2018, Palmer announced a charitable foundation to fund apprenticeships targeting young people from disadvantaged background. According to an Aston Martin statement, "the charitable foundation will operate independently of the apprenticeship scheme at Aston Martin Lagonda, which earlier this month welcomed its biggest ever intake of 50 apprentices and 26 graduates." | [] | [
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projected-26722719-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Palmer | Andy Palmer | Recognition | Andrew Charles Palmer (born 30 June 1963) is an English automotive executive and engineer. He has been described as the 'Godfather of EVs' due to his work launching the Nissan Leaf in 2010 whilst COO at the Japanese company. Palmer is also known for launching Aston Martin's first SUV, the DBX, and first mid-engined sports car, Valkyrie, during his tenure as CEO from 2014 to 2020. Palmer is currently CEO and Executive Vice-chairman of electric bus and van company, Switch. In addition, Palmer is founder and CEO of Palmer Automotive Ltd (most notably leading a bid on behalf of Punch, to acquire Nissan Motor Iberica in Barcelona), chairman of Optare plc, a non-executive director of Ashok Leyland Ltd, and Chairman of InoBat, a Slovakian developer of electric vehicle 'intelligent' batteries.
In 2017, Palmer was appointed chairman of the productivity and skills commission of the new West Midlands Combined Authority (WMCA). He was previously the chief planning officer, executive vice-president and member of the executive committee of Nissan Motor Company. Reporting directly to Nissan's president and CEO, Carlos Ghosn, Palmer shared the chief operating officer role with two Nissan executives. Palmer was also chairman of Infiniti, and president of Nissan Motor Light Truck Co, a member of the board of directors of Nissan (China) Investment Company (NCIC), and of Nissan's joint ventures with India's Ashok Leyland. | In 2012, Palmer was designated No. 1 in the "Top 50 Most Influential British People in the Global Automotive Business 2012" and selected to Auto Express Hall of Fame.
In 2013, Palmer was named the automotive industry's most influential, and the world's third most influential chief marketing officer (after Phil Schiller of Apple Inc. and Younghee Lee of Samsung) by the CMO Influence Study, conducted by marketing firm Appinions for Forbes magazine.
Under CMO Palmer, Nissan's Interbrand score entered the top 100 in 2011, and moved to 65 in 2013. Among Interbrand's Best Global Green Brands 2013, Nissan took No. 5. Interbrand credited Palmer with "elevating marketing to a science."
Palmer was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 2014 New Year Honours for services to the British automotive industry.
In 2014, Palmer was voted one of EVO's "25 most important people of the car industry."
In 2016, Palmer was selected for the first Cranfield University "Distinguished Manufacturing Alumnus/a of the Year Award".
In 2017, Palmer was appointed Honorary Group Captain with the RAF.
In 2018, Palmer was presented with the Lifetime Achievement Award by Auto Express.
In 2018, Palmer won an Automotive News "All Star" award in the luxury car category.
In 2021, Palmer appeared on BBC's Question Time and was introduced as "one of the most respected people in the [auto] business".
In 2021, Palmer was awarded the 'Men as Allies' award by the Women's Engineering Society. | [
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projected-26722719-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Palmer | Andy Palmer | Personal life | Andrew Charles Palmer (born 30 June 1963) is an English automotive executive and engineer. He has been described as the 'Godfather of EVs' due to his work launching the Nissan Leaf in 2010 whilst COO at the Japanese company. Palmer is also known for launching Aston Martin's first SUV, the DBX, and first mid-engined sports car, Valkyrie, during his tenure as CEO from 2014 to 2020. Palmer is currently CEO and Executive Vice-chairman of electric bus and van company, Switch. In addition, Palmer is founder and CEO of Palmer Automotive Ltd (most notably leading a bid on behalf of Punch, to acquire Nissan Motor Iberica in Barcelona), chairman of Optare plc, a non-executive director of Ashok Leyland Ltd, and Chairman of InoBat, a Slovakian developer of electric vehicle 'intelligent' batteries.
In 2017, Palmer was appointed chairman of the productivity and skills commission of the new West Midlands Combined Authority (WMCA). He was previously the chief planning officer, executive vice-president and member of the executive committee of Nissan Motor Company. Reporting directly to Nissan's president and CEO, Carlos Ghosn, Palmer shared the chief operating officer role with two Nissan executives. Palmer was also chairman of Infiniti, and president of Nissan Motor Light Truck Co, a member of the board of directors of Nissan (China) Investment Company (NCIC), and of Nissan's joint ventures with India's Ashok Leyland. | Palmer is married to Hitomi, who is Japanese, and they have one daughter. He has three children from a previous marriage.
Palmer's hobbies include "reading, listening to punk rock, and running by necessity." | [] | [
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projected-26722719-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Palmer | Andy Palmer | Racing | Andrew Charles Palmer (born 30 June 1963) is an English automotive executive and engineer. He has been described as the 'Godfather of EVs' due to his work launching the Nissan Leaf in 2010 whilst COO at the Japanese company. Palmer is also known for launching Aston Martin's first SUV, the DBX, and first mid-engined sports car, Valkyrie, during his tenure as CEO from 2014 to 2020. Palmer is currently CEO and Executive Vice-chairman of electric bus and van company, Switch. In addition, Palmer is founder and CEO of Palmer Automotive Ltd (most notably leading a bid on behalf of Punch, to acquire Nissan Motor Iberica in Barcelona), chairman of Optare plc, a non-executive director of Ashok Leyland Ltd, and Chairman of InoBat, a Slovakian developer of electric vehicle 'intelligent' batteries.
In 2017, Palmer was appointed chairman of the productivity and skills commission of the new West Midlands Combined Authority (WMCA). He was previously the chief planning officer, executive vice-president and member of the executive committee of Nissan Motor Company. Reporting directly to Nissan's president and CEO, Carlos Ghosn, Palmer shared the chief operating officer role with two Nissan executives. Palmer was also chairman of Infiniti, and president of Nissan Motor Light Truck Co, a member of the board of directors of Nissan (China) Investment Company (NCIC), and of Nissan's joint ventures with India's Ashok Leyland. | Palmer (not to be confused with the Bentley Team racing driver) is a licensed race car driver. He started racing while still at Nissan, driving a GT4 Nissan 370Z. A few months after taking the helm of Aston Martin, Palmer and his co-drivers, Marek Reichman, Alice Powell and Andrew Frankel, finished 5th overall and 4th in class at the Silverstone Britcar 24-Hour. He entered professional racing in 2017, when he applied for and received his MSA C Class international licence., and only weeks later, he finished 20th overall and 2nd in class SP3, co-driven by chef and racer Paul Holywood, racer Pete Cate and motorsport commentator John Hindhaugh in an Vantage GT8 at the 2017 Hankook 24H COTA USA. | [] | [
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projected-26722725-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik%20Scherpenhuijzen | Hendrik Scherpenhuijzen | Introduction | Hendrik Scherpenhuijzen (3 April 1882 – 28 June 1971) was a Dutch fencer. He won a bronze medal in the team sabre competition at the 1924 Summer Olympics. | [] | [
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projected-20467348-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef%20Tajti | József Tajti | Introduction | József Tajti (Jászapáti, 8 October 1943) is a Hungarian footballer, currently coaches Nyíregyháza Spartacus FC. | [] | [
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projected-20467348-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef%20Tajti | József Tajti | References | József Tajti (Jászapáti, 8 October 1943) is a Hungarian footballer, currently coaches Nyíregyháza Spartacus FC. | Ki kicsoda a magyar sportéletben? [Who's Who in the Hungarian Sports Life?], Volume 3 (S–Z). Szekszárd, Babits Kiadó, 1995, p 85,
Category:1943 births
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Category:Kaposvári Rákóczi FC players
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Category:Sportspeople from Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County | [] | [
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projected-20467366-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%28It%27s%20Gonna%20Be%20a%29%20Lonely%20Christmas | (It's Gonna Be a) Lonely Christmas | Introduction | "(It's Gonna Be a) Lonely Christmas" is a Christmas song recorded by The Orioles in 1948. It was their second hit (following "It's Too Soon to Know"), reaching position #8 on Billboard’s Juke Box charts in December 1948, and #5 the following Christmas. | [] | [
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projected-20467366-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%28It%27s%20Gonna%20Be%20a%29%20Lonely%20Christmas | (It's Gonna Be a) Lonely Christmas | References | "(It's Gonna Be a) Lonely Christmas" is a Christmas song recorded by The Orioles in 1948. It was their second hit (following "It's Too Soon to Know"), reaching position #8 on Billboard’s Juke Box charts in December 1948, and #5 the following Christmas. | Category:American Christmas songs
Category:Songs about loneliness
Category:1948 songs | [] | [
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projected-26722733-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabul%20Dreams | Kabul Dreams | Introduction | Kabul Dreams is a rock band from Afghanistan, established in 2008 in Kabul. The band consists of Sulyman Qardash (lead singer and guitarist), Siddique Ahmed (bassist) and Jai Dhar (drummer). The band is managed by Alykhan Kaba. Kabul Dreams has paved the way for a modest but growing rock scene in Afghanistan, rebuilding itself after decades of war. The band’s motivation to perform came from their own love for music, but also from a public hunger for a new life after war – a life that included new music and art. | [] | [
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projected-26722733-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabul%20Dreams | Kabul Dreams | History | Kabul Dreams is a rock band from Afghanistan, established in 2008 in Kabul. The band consists of Sulyman Qardash (lead singer and guitarist), Siddique Ahmed (bassist) and Jai Dhar (drummer). The band is managed by Alykhan Kaba. Kabul Dreams has paved the way for a modest but growing rock scene in Afghanistan, rebuilding itself after decades of war. The band’s motivation to perform came from their own love for music, but also from a public hunger for a new life after war – a life that included new music and art. | All of the band members were born in Afghanistan, but they were displaced to neighboring countries as refugees during the Taliban reign – Sulyman Qardash in Uzbekistan, Siddique Ahmed in Pakistan, and Mojtaba Habibi Shandiz in Iran. After the fall of the Taliban regime, the band members returned to Afghanistan and met each other in Kabul. Since the bandmates originate from different regions, they do not share a common first language, and perform in English. Their musical influences include Sex Pistols, Metallica, Nirvana and Oasis.
In April 2013, Kabul Dreams released their first album, Plastic Words. The album was mixed by Grammy winner Alan Sanderson, who has previously worked with artists including Michael Jackson and The Rolling Stones.
In 2014, the band relocated to Oakland, California to grow their presence in the American music scene. While the band had experience performing in Europe and Asia, they made their North American debut that year at the high profile arts festival, South by Southwest. They have played several more shows since then, located primarily in the Bay Area. In 2016, they partnered again with Alan Sanderson to release their second album, Megalomaniacs. | [] | [
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projected-26722733-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabul%20Dreams | Kabul Dreams | Band members | Kabul Dreams is a rock band from Afghanistan, established in 2008 in Kabul. The band consists of Sulyman Qardash (lead singer and guitarist), Siddique Ahmed (bassist) and Jai Dhar (drummer). The band is managed by Alykhan Kaba. Kabul Dreams has paved the way for a modest but growing rock scene in Afghanistan, rebuilding itself after decades of war. The band’s motivation to perform came from their own love for music, but also from a public hunger for a new life after war – a life that included new music and art. | Current members
Sulyman Qardash - lead vocals, guitar (2008–present)
Siddique Ahmed - bass (2008–present)
Jai Dhar - drums (2019-present)
Former members
Raby Adib - drums (2013–2018)
Mojtaba Habibi Shandiz - drums (2008–2013)
Timeline | [] | [
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projected-26722733-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabul%20Dreams | Kabul Dreams | Discography | Kabul Dreams is a rock band from Afghanistan, established in 2008 in Kabul. The band consists of Sulyman Qardash (lead singer and guitarist), Siddique Ahmed (bassist) and Jai Dhar (drummer). The band is managed by Alykhan Kaba. Kabul Dreams has paved the way for a modest but growing rock scene in Afghanistan, rebuilding itself after decades of war. The band’s motivation to perform came from their own love for music, but also from a public hunger for a new life after war – a life that included new music and art. | Plastic Words (2013)
Megalomaniacs (2017)
With Love from Kabul Dreams (2019) | [] | [
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projected-26722733-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabul%20Dreams | Kabul Dreams | Filmography | Kabul Dreams is a rock band from Afghanistan, established in 2008 in Kabul. The band consists of Sulyman Qardash (lead singer and guitarist), Siddique Ahmed (bassist) and Jai Dhar (drummer). The band is managed by Alykhan Kaba. Kabul Dreams has paved the way for a modest but growing rock scene in Afghanistan, rebuilding itself after decades of war. The band’s motivation to perform came from their own love for music, but also from a public hunger for a new life after war – a life that included new music and art. | Radio Dreams (2016) – as themselves
Radio Dreams is a film about a Persian language radio station located in the Bay Area that tries to arrange a jam session between the Afghan rock band Kabul Dreams and the metal legends Metallica. The film is a fictional story, and features Metallica drummer Lars Ulrich.
In 2016, Radio Dreams won the Hivos Tiger Award at the International Film Festival Rotterdam. In 2017, the North American rights to the film were acquired by Matson Films in Los Angeles. It was slated for theatrical release in late April and May 2017. | [] | [
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projected-44498197-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy%20of%20the%20Netherlands%20from%201500%E2%80%931700 | Economy of the Netherlands from 1500–1700 | Introduction | The history of the Dutch economy has faced several ups and downs throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. It has undergone moments of prosperity and was one of the dominant world powers in the 17th Century. Its heavy involvement in the Atlantic Trade had a large impact on its economy and growth. There is no clear definition for the Atlantic Trade, but researchers have concluded it may be referred to as: Trade with the New World, and trade with Asia through the Atlantic including, but not limited to, imperialism and slavery based undertakings. Among the most important of these traders were the Dutch and the British. It is noted that these two nations experienced a more rapid growth than most due to their non-absolutist political institutions. This is only one of many beneficial factors that played a role in shaping growth and economic change within the Netherlands that occurred throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. | [] | [
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projected-44498197-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy%20of%20the%20Netherlands%20from%201500%E2%80%931700 | Economy of the Netherlands from 1500–1700 | The Rise of Dutch Independence | The history of the Dutch economy has faced several ups and downs throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. It has undergone moments of prosperity and was one of the dominant world powers in the 17th Century. Its heavy involvement in the Atlantic Trade had a large impact on its economy and growth. There is no clear definition for the Atlantic Trade, but researchers have concluded it may be referred to as: Trade with the New World, and trade with Asia through the Atlantic including, but not limited to, imperialism and slavery based undertakings. Among the most important of these traders were the Dutch and the British. It is noted that these two nations experienced a more rapid growth than most due to their non-absolutist political institutions. This is only one of many beneficial factors that played a role in shaping growth and economic change within the Netherlands that occurred throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. | The Dutch success in trade did not come without struggle and conflict. Studies show that the Dutch had several qualities that afforded their trade system to rise above other European states' throughout the duration of Atlantic trade. Dutch merchants have always had access and opportunities providing a gateway to profitable trade. They also obtained autonomy. Before the Dutch Revolt, the Dutch were under the control of the Habsburg Empire which limited the power of Dutch merchants and their influence on trade. The Empire had control and tried to gain even more over the fiscal revenues from the Netherlands. Conflict amongst the merchants and the empire began to grow and independence and new political institutions were the result.
During the Revolt, Dutch trade was revolutionized, and the 15th century marked a considerable expansion of the Dutch economy. Several important modifications were made to both the military and commercial strategies. Before long, the Dutch had gained access to Asian and American trade centers. Leading this drive to independence were merchants. Throughout this time the Dutch experienced growth in economic industries such as agriculture, shipping, and public finance. In 1590, the beginning of divergence between the South and North of Europe began to be noticeable, as well as the explosion of Dutch commerce and the early stages of Amsterdam growing as a large financial center. The growing Atlantic trade was edging out the once profitable Baltic route. With trade growing along this route and specialization prospering, the Dutch were ultimately victorious in their pursuits against the Habsburgs.
Israel states:
From 1590, there was a dramatic improvement in the Republic's economic circumstances. Commerce and shipping expanded enormously, as did the towns. As a result, the financial power of the states rapidly grew, and it was possible to improve the army vastly, both qualitatively, and quantitatively, within a short space of time. The army increased from 20,000 men in 1588 to 32,000 by 1595, and its artillery, methods of transportation, and training were transformed. By 1629, the Dutch were able to field an army of 77,000 men, 50 percent larger than the Spanish army of Flanders″
The Dutch prospered immensely during this time. The leading benefactor of this growth was trade and the means of which they manifested it.
They did so particularly through conflict and specialization. Now we see the importance of competitive goods, the Dutch traded what was in demand and the strategy proved to be very favorable for them. They were long distance tradesmen and had some breathing space as far as trade regulations went, which also contributed to their growth. This is in comparison with the previous Habsburg restrictions. In his article, Acemuglu uses this evidence to prove that Atlantic trade led to the enrichment of merchants, which resulted in the development of political institutions. Said institutions are responsible for constraining the power of the crown. | [] | [
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projected-44498197-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy%20of%20the%20Netherlands%20from%201500%E2%80%931700 | Economy of the Netherlands from 1500–1700 | War and Conflict | The history of the Dutch economy has faced several ups and downs throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. It has undergone moments of prosperity and was one of the dominant world powers in the 17th Century. Its heavy involvement in the Atlantic Trade had a large impact on its economy and growth. There is no clear definition for the Atlantic Trade, but researchers have concluded it may be referred to as: Trade with the New World, and trade with Asia through the Atlantic including, but not limited to, imperialism and slavery based undertakings. Among the most important of these traders were the Dutch and the British. It is noted that these two nations experienced a more rapid growth than most due to their non-absolutist political institutions. This is only one of many beneficial factors that played a role in shaping growth and economic change within the Netherlands that occurred throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. | The Eighty Years' War also goes by the name: ‘The War of Dutch Independence’ (1568-1648). The war was a spurred by a revolt of the seventeen provinces within the Habsburg Empire. Phillip II of Spain was leading the Habsburgs in the initial stages of the war. The war began due to high taxation within the Netherland regions. William of Orange, who had been exiled from the empire, led the revolting provinces to their first leg of success in the long war. Through the Dutch resistance and revolt, they had achieved the status of The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands in 1581 This declaration entered the Dutch and Habsburgs into a twelve-year truce, only to be disrupted once more by the start of a new war in 1619. The Thirty Years' War is known as one of the bloodiest wars in European history. It translated into a war of religions. It can also be recognized as a series of conflicts between feudalism and early capitalism (Evan, 2014: 36). The war ended with the Peace of Westphalia. The treated formally recognized the Dutch as an independent republic. | [] | [
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projected-44498197-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy%20of%20the%20Netherlands%20from%201500%E2%80%931700 | Economy of the Netherlands from 1500–1700 | Fall of Antwerp | The history of the Dutch economy has faced several ups and downs throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. It has undergone moments of prosperity and was one of the dominant world powers in the 17th Century. Its heavy involvement in the Atlantic Trade had a large impact on its economy and growth. There is no clear definition for the Atlantic Trade, but researchers have concluded it may be referred to as: Trade with the New World, and trade with Asia through the Atlantic including, but not limited to, imperialism and slavery based undertakings. Among the most important of these traders were the Dutch and the British. It is noted that these two nations experienced a more rapid growth than most due to their non-absolutist political institutions. This is only one of many beneficial factors that played a role in shaping growth and economic change within the Netherlands that occurred throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. | Antwerp was seized during the Eighty Wars' War from 1584 to 1585. Of the Seventeen Provinces and Northwestern Europe, Antwerp was the economic and financial center of these locations. Antwerp eventually became heavily involved in the rebellion against the Spanish Habsburgs. Ultimately, the city joined became the 'capital' of the Dutch Revolt. This status became official once they joined the Union of Utrecht in 1579. The Spanish held their ground against the defensive Dutch and because of their cannons and strong troops they proved to be successful in their siege of the land. Antwerp's Protestant population was forced to relocate or migrate from their once homeland. Many of the skilled craftsmen and merchants migrated northbound to ultimately provide the foundation for Dutch trade expansion and growth. Their new home formally became The United Provinces of the Netherlands or as previously mentioned: The Dutch Republic. Antwerp was also the home of the Shelde River Estuary Port. When the Spanish captured this port, it became a turning point in the war. Prior to the Fall of Antwerp, Portuguese had been sending gold, ivory, sugar, and other products from the Atlantic to the main port in Antwerp. | [] | [
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projected-44498197-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy%20of%20the%20Netherlands%20from%201500%E2%80%931700 | Economy of the Netherlands from 1500–1700 | Dutch Trade Specialization: Competitive Goods | The history of the Dutch economy has faced several ups and downs throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. It has undergone moments of prosperity and was one of the dominant world powers in the 17th Century. Its heavy involvement in the Atlantic Trade had a large impact on its economy and growth. There is no clear definition for the Atlantic Trade, but researchers have concluded it may be referred to as: Trade with the New World, and trade with Asia through the Atlantic including, but not limited to, imperialism and slavery based undertakings. Among the most important of these traders were the Dutch and the British. It is noted that these two nations experienced a more rapid growth than most due to their non-absolutist political institutions. This is only one of many beneficial factors that played a role in shaping growth and economic change within the Netherlands that occurred throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. | The United Provinces of the Netherlands were growing quickly when the truce was established. Their colonies spanned across five continents and their growth can be considered as what was ‘a new type of global trade and the formation of the world economy.’ The Dutch trade differed from its rivals in many ways. They paid close attention to the relation between risk and profit. If the potential profit was greater than the imposed risk, they were willing (and managed to) trade with their wartime enemies. The middle class played a key role also; they had a large amount of capital accrued within. Due to the Netherlands deficiency in mineral affluence, they had to find another source of profit. They began specializing in competitive goods. Competitive goods are defined as: A production of goods that are not dependent on a particular climate, deposits, and can be produced anywhere in the world. These goods included, but were not limited to: Scandinavian wood, means for shipbuilding, iron, copper, wheat, rye, North Sea Fish, and English wool. The Dutch faced the pressure of competition with several growing competitors. The Dutch focused on their growing agriculture, their domination in continental trade markets, and their widely praised skills as seafarers. | [] | [
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"Economic history of the Dutch Republic"
] |
projected-44498197-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy%20of%20the%20Netherlands%20from%201500%E2%80%931700 | Economy of the Netherlands from 1500–1700 | 16th Century Dutch Economy | The history of the Dutch economy has faced several ups and downs throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. It has undergone moments of prosperity and was one of the dominant world powers in the 17th Century. Its heavy involvement in the Atlantic Trade had a large impact on its economy and growth. There is no clear definition for the Atlantic Trade, but researchers have concluded it may be referred to as: Trade with the New World, and trade with Asia through the Atlantic including, but not limited to, imperialism and slavery based undertakings. Among the most important of these traders were the Dutch and the British. It is noted that these two nations experienced a more rapid growth than most due to their non-absolutist political institutions. This is only one of many beneficial factors that played a role in shaping growth and economic change within the Netherlands that occurred throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. | Fishing and agriculture shaped the economy of the Dutch in the 15th and 16th centuries. In the early 15th century, Antwerp in modern-day Belgium was the commercial capital of Northern Europe. The Dutch Revolt against Spanish Habsburgs had a large impact on the Fall of Antwerp in 1585. Those who inhabited those lands were in need of a new home that offered security. These peoples included merchants and Calvinist craftsmen. They eventually went to the Northern Netherlands. Holland and Zeeland were growing in population. These two provinces were also heavily involved in maritime operations and productions. For most of the 16th century, these lands were considered more rural than those of the southern Netherlands. They focused on slaughter cattle as a large means of trade.
At the end of the 16th century the Dutch had vastly expanded their maritime explorations. They spanned to Asia, the Mediterranean, and across the Atlantic. The Dutch were making their way to become a major world power. In 1595, Dutch voyages to Asia began with Cornelis de Houtman. The night before his voyage began, the Dutch had already established four trading networks within the Transatlantic. These networks included Spain with Spanish America and Portugal with their Brazilian colonial holding. | [] | [
"16th Century Dutch Economy"
] | [
"Early Modern Netherlands",
"Economic history of the Dutch Republic"
] |
projected-44498197-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy%20of%20the%20Netherlands%20from%201500%E2%80%931700 | Economy of the Netherlands from 1500–1700 | Transition to Trade of Non-Competitive Goods | The history of the Dutch economy has faced several ups and downs throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. It has undergone moments of prosperity and was one of the dominant world powers in the 17th Century. Its heavy involvement in the Atlantic Trade had a large impact on its economy and growth. There is no clear definition for the Atlantic Trade, but researchers have concluded it may be referred to as: Trade with the New World, and trade with Asia through the Atlantic including, but not limited to, imperialism and slavery based undertakings. Among the most important of these traders were the Dutch and the British. It is noted that these two nations experienced a more rapid growth than most due to their non-absolutist political institutions. This is only one of many beneficial factors that played a role in shaping growth and economic change within the Netherlands that occurred throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. | Non-competitive goods are referred to as: goods that are produced in only one spot. Non-competitive goods include: sugar and tobacco from the Caribbean, tea, pepper, camphor, spices, sandalwood and teak wood from Southeast Asia, cinnamon and cloves from Ceylon, and Chinese and Japanese porcelain and silk. The Netherlands were becoming a melting pot for religious acceptation and variation. The goods they produced were affected by the religions of those who had migrated into their lands. The Dutch were able to overcome their Portuguese rival by manifesting such effort into the trade of these particular goods.
Some historians argue that sugar acted as the product that drove the expansion into the Atlantic by the Dutch. This trade pressured the Dutch to gain access to Brazil from South America. In 1585, Phillip II gave permission to Dutch rebels to take ships to Brazil in order to conduct business as a favor to Spanish Merchants. They originally sent three ships. A few years later, 14 Dutch ships continued sailing to Brazil, carrying cargo for these Spanish merchants. In between times of war, these ships frequently had to stop at a neutral country mid-trip and adopt a new nationality for the time being. By the late of the 1590s, approximately eighteen Dutch ships had gained access to Brazil. These ships would bring back mostly sugar, but also Brazilian wood, cotton, and ginger. | [] | [
"Transition to Trade of Non-Competitive Goods"
] | [
"Early Modern Netherlands",
"Economic history of the Dutch Republic"
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projected-44498197-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy%20of%20the%20Netherlands%20from%201500%E2%80%931700 | Economy of the Netherlands from 1500–1700 | 17th Century Dutch Trade | The history of the Dutch economy has faced several ups and downs throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. It has undergone moments of prosperity and was one of the dominant world powers in the 17th Century. Its heavy involvement in the Atlantic Trade had a large impact on its economy and growth. There is no clear definition for the Atlantic Trade, but researchers have concluded it may be referred to as: Trade with the New World, and trade with Asia through the Atlantic including, but not limited to, imperialism and slavery based undertakings. Among the most important of these traders were the Dutch and the British. It is noted that these two nations experienced a more rapid growth than most due to their non-absolutist political institutions. This is only one of many beneficial factors that played a role in shaping growth and economic change within the Netherlands that occurred throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. | A truce that occurred amongst the Dutch Republic and Spain in 1609 opened up trade access to the Mediterranean to the Dutch. This was the first time Dutch ships had gained such access since they had entered into trade with Asia. The Dutch East India Company was established in 1602. It is also referred to as the VOC. This company was a crucial tool used to control Dutch colonial and commercial trade affairs. Investors within the company were granted an allotted percentage of profits depending on the sum of the capital invested. With the help of this company, the Dutch expanded their occupation to Cape Town, Ceylon, and Malacca. They also established posts for trading in the latter two places. VOC imports into Europe consisted largely of spices, tea, coffee, drugs, perfumes, dyestuffs, sugar, and saltpeter. Half to two-thirds of the worth of Asian goods imported into Europe were accounted for in Dutch exports of precious metals. It wasn’t long before other nations caught onto this business and followed the Dutch trend. In the beginning of the 17th century, A round-trip from Europe to the East Indies during this time cost between thirty and thirty-two Euros per ton. Halfway through the 17th century, though, prices dropped to between sixteen and twenty-three euros per ton. The fall in price was due to the Dutch having to deal with Asian revolts in their local waters, building forts, conferring agreements, displaying the flag, and often keeping away their fellow European competitors. All of these conflicts occurred leading up to 1640. In the time following, the Dutch East India Company developed a smaller fleet of ships to deal with these problems.
During the truce, the Dutch also began producing their own tobacco. They had originally 'bartered' with the Indians for tobacco, but after they expanded to the West Indies they began to produce their own. Before long, the Dutch were on par with the Spaniards in terms of how much tobacco they made. This product trade also established Dutch connections with Virginia. A huge segment of trade of Virginia tobacco fell into the Dutch realm. At the beginning of the 17th century, the center of Northern European tobacco trade was located in Zeeland.
Still in the midst of the Thirty Years War, Phillip III attempted to prevent the Dutch from furthering their growth into the West and East Indies. He did so by offering peace and independence in exchange. They declined, though, as they had already manifested a great deal of investors in the Dutch East India Company. In 1621, The Dutch West India Company was founded. This Company’s focus was primarily on trade with Latin America and Africa. The Dutch were prospering like never before from their newfound commerce and enterprise. The 17th Century was a time that the Dutch had experienced what was the highest standard of living in all of Europe. Their overseas trade within their two companies had afforded them to become the largest naval fleet in the world. This fleet was the means for the Dutch to patrol and dominate long-term trade routes. The fleet also allowed their colonial provisions and power to grow even further. Despite potential setbacks that fighting with the Portuguese could have caused the Dutch were successful in these battles in several aspects. They gained control over more territories in Southeast Asia. They included: Sumatra, Java, Malay Peninsula, southern region of Borneo, and the islands of the Moluccas and West New Guinea. They even expanded as far as a settlement in Australia; however it did not last due to lack of economic profit. The Dutch were so profit-focused that they even exchanged New Amsterdam for Archipelago with Britain. The small island in Moluccas was home to a large stock of spices. | [] | [
"17th Century Dutch Trade"
] | [
"Early Modern Netherlands",
"Economic history of the Dutch Republic"
] |
projected-44498197-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy%20of%20the%20Netherlands%20from%201500%E2%80%931700 | Economy of the Netherlands from 1500–1700 | Anglo-Dutch Conflict in the 17th Century | The history of the Dutch economy has faced several ups and downs throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. It has undergone moments of prosperity and was one of the dominant world powers in the 17th Century. Its heavy involvement in the Atlantic Trade had a large impact on its economy and growth. There is no clear definition for the Atlantic Trade, but researchers have concluded it may be referred to as: Trade with the New World, and trade with Asia through the Atlantic including, but not limited to, imperialism and slavery based undertakings. Among the most important of these traders were the Dutch and the British. It is noted that these two nations experienced a more rapid growth than most due to their non-absolutist political institutions. This is only one of many beneficial factors that played a role in shaping growth and economic change within the Netherlands that occurred throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. | Relations with the British took a turn for the worst in the late 17th Century. In 1661, the British passed the Navigation Acts in order to prevent its colonies from trading with overseas merchants and/or vessels. This act was arguably passed as an offensive move towards the Dutch due to their triumph in global commerce. The passing of this act resulted in three separate Anglo-Dutch wars throughout 1652-1675. The first war lasted throughout 1652-1654. The British won this war and took with them 1,000 Dutch merchant ships.
The second of these wars was a result of two incidents. The first occurred when the English captured two Dutch posts located in West Africa and the latter incident being the taking of New Amsterdam. This was a rather detrimental war to both sides and ended due to exhaustion of materials and power. The war concluded, though, and both sides claimed victory in this war that lasted from 1664-1674.
The third Anglo-Dutch War the British gave support to the French to invade the Dutch. Due to common concern in waging war with the Dutch, both the French and British signed the Treaty of Dover. The Dutch had since allied with the Spanish (Nelson-Burns). The war resulted in the defeat of the Dutch. The Dutch were forced to retreat from southern trade and the English ultimately gained their losses. | [] | [
"Anglo-Dutch Conflict in the 17th Century"
] | [
"Early Modern Netherlands",
"Economic history of the Dutch Republic"
] |
projected-44498197-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy%20of%20the%20Netherlands%20from%201500%E2%80%931700 | Economy of the Netherlands from 1500–1700 | Competing Nations | The history of the Dutch economy has faced several ups and downs throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. It has undergone moments of prosperity and was one of the dominant world powers in the 17th Century. Its heavy involvement in the Atlantic Trade had a large impact on its economy and growth. There is no clear definition for the Atlantic Trade, but researchers have concluded it may be referred to as: Trade with the New World, and trade with Asia through the Atlantic including, but not limited to, imperialism and slavery based undertakings. Among the most important of these traders were the Dutch and the British. It is noted that these two nations experienced a more rapid growth than most due to their non-absolutist political institutions. This is only one of many beneficial factors that played a role in shaping growth and economic change within the Netherlands that occurred throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. | The Dutch had competed in trade industries with the British for a very long time. By the 18th century, the British had begun to catch up due to their mercantilist ideologies and practices. The fourth Anglo-Dutch war proved to be crucial in the downfall of the Dutch during their prosperous trading time. The British had sustained a blockade that proved to be impenetrable by the Dutch. Trading had come to a halt. Britain was on the verge of an industrial revolution and close to finally beating out its long time European competitors. Trade within the VOC was immensely affected by the loss of the Dutch in this war and they had maintained large amounts of public debts also. The company was of great importance to the Dutch and it was kept alive by the emergency aid coming from the States of Holland. | [] | [
"Competing Nations"
] | [
"Early Modern Netherlands",
"Economic history of the Dutch Republic"
] |
projected-44498197-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy%20of%20the%20Netherlands%20from%201500%E2%80%931700 | Economy of the Netherlands from 1500–1700 | References | The history of the Dutch economy has faced several ups and downs throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. It has undergone moments of prosperity and was one of the dominant world powers in the 17th Century. Its heavy involvement in the Atlantic Trade had a large impact on its economy and growth. There is no clear definition for the Atlantic Trade, but researchers have concluded it may be referred to as: Trade with the New World, and trade with Asia through the Atlantic including, but not limited to, imperialism and slavery based undertakings. Among the most important of these traders were the Dutch and the British. It is noted that these two nations experienced a more rapid growth than most due to their non-absolutist political institutions. This is only one of many beneficial factors that played a role in shaping growth and economic change within the Netherlands that occurred throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. | Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson. "The Rise Of Europe: Atlantic Trade, Institutional Change, And Economic Growth." American Economic Review (2005): 546-79. Print.
Boxer, Charles Ralph, The Dutch Seaborne Empire, 1600-1800, p. 18, Taylor & Francis, 1977
Braudel, Fernand. The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean world in the age of Philip II, Vol. II. Reprint,Berkeley:Universityof CaliforniaPress,1995.
De Vries, Jan. "The Limits Of Globalization In The Early Modern World." The Economic History Review (2010–12). Print.
Evan, Tomas. "Chapters of Economic History" (2014). Karolinum Press. Print.
Glete, Jan. War and the State in Early Modern Europe: Spain, the Dutch Republic, and Sweden as Fiscal-military States, 1500-1660. London: Routledge, 2002. Print.
Harreld, Donald. “Dutch Economy in the “Golden Age” (16th-17th Centuries)”. EH.Net Encyclopedia, edited by Robert Whaples. August 12, 2004
Israel, Jonathan I. “Spanish Wool Exports and the European Economy, 1610-1640.” Economic History Review 33 (1980): 193-211.
Israel, Jonathan I., Dutch Primacy in World Trade, 1585-1740. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989).
Maanen, H. van, Encyclopedie van misvattingen, (2002). Online.
Nettles, Curtis. British Mercantilism and the Economic Development of the Thirteen Colonies (1952). Print.
Nelson-Burns, Lesley. "The Contemplator's Short History of the Anglo-Dutch Wars." The Contemplator's Short History of the Anglo-Dutch Wars. Web.
Postma, J., & Enthoven, V. (2003). Riches From Atlantic Commerce : Dutch Transatlantic Trade and Shipping, 1585-1817 / Edited by Johannes Postma and Victor Enthoven. Leiden: Brill.
Tracy, James D. The Rise of Merchant Empires: Long-distance trade in the early modern world, 1350-1750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
van Zanden, Jan L. The Rise and Decline of Holland's Economy. Manchester: University of Manchester Press, 1993.
Category:Early Modern Netherlands
Category:Economic history of the Dutch Republic | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Early Modern Netherlands",
"Economic history of the Dutch Republic"
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projected-26722734-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing%20at%20the%202010%20South%20American%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20pair | Rowing at the 2010 South American Games – Women's pair | Introduction | The Women's pair event at the 2010 South American Games was held on March 22 at 11:40. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Women's rowing at the 2010 South American Games"
] | |
projected-26722734-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing%20at%20the%202010%20South%20American%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20pair | Rowing at the 2010 South American Games – Women's pair | References | The Women's pair event at the 2010 South American Games was held on March 22 at 11:40. | Final
Pair W | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Women's rowing at the 2010 South American Games"
] |
projected-26722737-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdivisions%20of%20the%20canton%20of%20Valais | Subdivisions of the canton of Valais | Introduction | The Canton of Valais is subdivided into districts and municipalities.
There is one former district, namely Raron District, which got divided into Westlich Raron District, Östlich Raron District. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Subdivisions of Valais"
] | |
projected-26722737-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdivisions%20of%20the%20canton%20of%20Valais | Subdivisions of the canton of Valais | Districts | The Canton of Valais is subdivided into districts and municipalities.
There is one former district, namely Raron District, which got divided into Westlich Raron District, Östlich Raron District. | Valais is divided into 13 districts, represented by the 13 stars on the coat of arms of Valais:
Brig with capital Brig-Glis
Conthey with capital Conthey
Entremont with capital Sembrancher
Goms with capital Münster-Geschinen
Hérens with capital Evolène
Leuk with capital Leuk
Martigny with capital Martigny
Monthey with capital Monthey
Saint-Maurice with capital Saint-Maurice
Sierre with capital Sierre
Sion with capital Sion
Visp with capital Visp
District Raron is divided into:
Östlich Raron with capital Mörel-Filet
Westlich Raron with capital Raron | [
"Karte Kanton Wallis Bezirke 2010.png"
] | [
"Districts"
] | [
"Subdivisions of Valais"
] |
projected-26722737-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdivisions%20of%20the%20canton%20of%20Valais | Subdivisions of the canton of Valais | See also | The Canton of Valais is subdivided into districts and municipalities.
There is one former district, namely Raron District, which got divided into Westlich Raron District, Östlich Raron District. | :Category:Districts of Valais
Municipalities of the canton of Valais | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Subdivisions of Valais"
] |
projected-26722741-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1DayLater | 1DayLater | Introduction | 1DayLater was a free, web-based software that was focused on professional invoicing. The company was formed in 2009 and closed in October 2013.
The main function of 1DayLater was to help users create invoices for clients. It could also be used to build quotes and estimates, to track time and other expenses, work to budgets, and to track projects. Multiple users could simultaneously work on the same projects together.
PC Magazine (PCMag) voted 1DayLater as one of the 'Best Free Software of 2010'. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Time-tracking software",
"Web applications",
"Administrative software"
] | |
projected-26722741-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1DayLater | 1DayLater | History | 1DayLater was a free, web-based software that was focused on professional invoicing. The company was formed in 2009 and closed in October 2013.
The main function of 1DayLater was to help users create invoices for clients. It could also be used to build quotes and estimates, to track time and other expenses, work to budgets, and to track projects. Multiple users could simultaneously work on the same projects together.
PC Magazine (PCMag) voted 1DayLater as one of the 'Best Free Software of 2010'. | The software was developed by two brothers, Paul and David King; after they experienced similar frustrations while working freelance, the brothers wanted to create a product that would let them track time, expenses and business miles in a single online location. | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Time-tracking software",
"Web applications",
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projected-26722741-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1DayLater | 1DayLater | Media coverage | 1DayLater was a free, web-based software that was focused on professional invoicing. The company was formed in 2009 and closed in October 2013.
The main function of 1DayLater was to help users create invoices for clients. It could also be used to build quotes and estimates, to track time and other expenses, work to budgets, and to track projects. Multiple users could simultaneously work on the same projects together.
PC Magazine (PCMag) voted 1DayLater as one of the 'Best Free Software of 2010'. | 1DayLater had the following press coverage:
BBC Webscape (July 2010) - Kate Russell gives her latest selection of the best sites on the World Wide Web
PCMag (March 2010) - The best free software of 2010
Lifehacker (February 2010) - "A worthy addition to our 'Top Ten Tips and Tools for Freelancers'"
Gigaom (February 2010) - Taking a closer look with 1DayLater
The Journal (May 2009) - "Top Ten Brands of the North East" (UK)
Techcrunch (January 2009) - "A 'feisty time tracking solution from the North East of England'" | [] | [
"Media coverage"
] | [
"Time-tracking software",
"Web applications",
"Administrative software"
] |
projected-26722741-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1DayLater | 1DayLater | See also | 1DayLater was a free, web-based software that was focused on professional invoicing. The company was formed in 2009 and closed in October 2013.
The main function of 1DayLater was to help users create invoices for clients. It could also be used to build quotes and estimates, to track time and other expenses, work to budgets, and to track projects. Multiple users could simultaneously work on the same projects together.
PC Magazine (PCMag) voted 1DayLater as one of the 'Best Free Software of 2010'. | Productivity
Comparison of time-tracking software
Software | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Time-tracking software",
"Web applications",
"Administrative software"
] |
projected-44498198-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misra%20%26%20Gries%20edge%20coloring%20algorithm | Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm | Introduction | The Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is a polynomial time algorithm in graph theory that finds an edge coloring of any graph. The coloring produced uses at most colors, where is the maximum degree of the graph. This is optimal for some graphs, and by Vizing's theorem it uses at most one color more than the optimal for all others.
It was first published by Jayadev Misra and David Gries in 1992. It is a simplification of a prior algorithm by Béla Bollobás.
This algorithm is the fastest known almost-optimal algorithm for edge coloring, executing in time. A faster time bound of was claimed in a 1985 technical report by Gabow et al., but this has never been published.
In general, optimal edge coloring is NP-complete, so it is very unlikely that a polynomial time algorithm exists. There are however exponential time exact edge coloring algorithms that give an optimal solution. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Graph coloring",
"Graph algorithms"
] | |
projected-44498198-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misra%20%26%20Gries%20edge%20coloring%20algorithm | Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm | Fans | The Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is a polynomial time algorithm in graph theory that finds an edge coloring of any graph. The coloring produced uses at most colors, where is the maximum degree of the graph. This is optimal for some graphs, and by Vizing's theorem it uses at most one color more than the optimal for all others.
It was first published by Jayadev Misra and David Gries in 1992. It is a simplification of a prior algorithm by Béla Bollobás.
This algorithm is the fastest known almost-optimal algorithm for edge coloring, executing in time. A faster time bound of was claimed in a 1985 technical report by Gabow et al., but this has never been published.
In general, optimal edge coloring is NP-complete, so it is very unlikely that a polynomial time algorithm exists. There are however exponential time exact edge coloring algorithms that give an optimal solution. | A color x of an edge (u,v) is said to be free on u if c(u,z) ≠ x for all (u,z) E(G) : z≠v.
A fan of a vertex u is a sequence of vertices F[1:k] that satisfies the following conditions:
F[1:k] is a non-empty sequence of distinct neighbors of u
(F[1],u) E(G) is uncolored
The color of (F[i+1],u) is free on F[i] for 1 ≤ i < k
Given a fan F, any edge (F[i], X) for 1 ≤ i ≤ k is a fan edge. Let c and d be colors. A cdX-path is an edge path that goes through vertex X, only contains edges colored c and d and is maximal (we cannot add any other edge as it would include edges with a color not in {c, d}). Note that only one such path exists for a vertex X, as at most one edge of each color can be adjacent to a given vertex. | [
"Fan, Misra and Gries edge coloring algorithm.png",
"Bicolored path, Misra and Gries edge coloring algorithm.png"
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"Fans"
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"Graph coloring",
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projected-44498198-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misra%20%26%20Gries%20edge%20coloring%20algorithm | Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm | Rotating a fan | The Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is a polynomial time algorithm in graph theory that finds an edge coloring of any graph. The coloring produced uses at most colors, where is the maximum degree of the graph. This is optimal for some graphs, and by Vizing's theorem it uses at most one color more than the optimal for all others.
It was first published by Jayadev Misra and David Gries in 1992. It is a simplification of a prior algorithm by Béla Bollobás.
This algorithm is the fastest known almost-optimal algorithm for edge coloring, executing in time. A faster time bound of was claimed in a 1985 technical report by Gabow et al., but this has never been published.
In general, optimal edge coloring is NP-complete, so it is very unlikely that a polynomial time algorithm exists. There are however exponential time exact edge coloring algorithms that give an optimal solution. | Given a fan F[1:k] of a vertex X, the "rotate fan" operation does the following (in parallel):
c(F[i],X)=c(F[i+1],X)
Uncolor (F[k],X)
This operation leaves the coloring valid, as for each i, c(F[i + 1], X) was free on (F[i], X). | [
"Rotating a fan, Misra and Gries edge coloring algorithm.png"
] | [
"Fans",
"Rotating a fan"
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"Graph algorithms"
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projected-44498198-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misra%20%26%20Gries%20edge%20coloring%20algorithm | Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm | Inverting a path | The Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is a polynomial time algorithm in graph theory that finds an edge coloring of any graph. The coloring produced uses at most colors, where is the maximum degree of the graph. This is optimal for some graphs, and by Vizing's theorem it uses at most one color more than the optimal for all others.
It was first published by Jayadev Misra and David Gries in 1992. It is a simplification of a prior algorithm by Béla Bollobás.
This algorithm is the fastest known almost-optimal algorithm for edge coloring, executing in time. A faster time bound of was claimed in a 1985 technical report by Gabow et al., but this has never been published.
In general, optimal edge coloring is NP-complete, so it is very unlikely that a polynomial time algorithm exists. There are however exponential time exact edge coloring algorithms that give an optimal solution. | The operation "invert the cdX-path" switches every edge on the path colored c to d and every edge colored d to c. Inverting a path can be useful to free a color on X if X is one of the endpoints of the path: if X was adjacent to color c but not d, it will now be adjacent to color d, not c, freeing c for another edge adjacent to X. The flipping operation will not alter the validity of the coloring since for the endpoints, only one of {c, d} can be adjacent to the vertex, and for other members of the path, the operation only switches the color of edges, no new color is added. | [
"Inverting a bicolored path, Misra and edge coloring algorithm.png"
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projected-44498198-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misra%20%26%20Gries%20edge%20coloring%20algorithm | Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm | Algorithm | The Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is a polynomial time algorithm in graph theory that finds an edge coloring of any graph. The coloring produced uses at most colors, where is the maximum degree of the graph. This is optimal for some graphs, and by Vizing's theorem it uses at most one color more than the optimal for all others.
It was first published by Jayadev Misra and David Gries in 1992. It is a simplification of a prior algorithm by Béla Bollobás.
This algorithm is the fastest known almost-optimal algorithm for edge coloring, executing in time. A faster time bound of was claimed in a 1985 technical report by Gabow et al., but this has never been published.
In general, optimal edge coloring is NP-complete, so it is very unlikely that a polynomial time algorithm exists. There are however exponential time exact edge coloring algorithms that give an optimal solution. | algorithm Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is
input: A graph G.
output: A proper coloring c of the edges of G.
Let U := E(G)
while U ≠ ∅ do
Let (u, v) be any edge in U.
Let F[1:k] be a maximal fan of u starting at F[1] = v.
Let c be a color that is free on u and d be a color that is free on F[k].
Invert the cdu path
Let w ∈ V(G) be such that w ∈ F, F' = [F[1]...w] is a fan and d is free on w.
Rotate F' and set c(u, w) = d.
U := U − {(u, v)}
end while | [] | [
"Algorithm"
] | [
"Graph coloring",
"Graph algorithms"
] |
projected-44498198-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misra%20%26%20Gries%20edge%20coloring%20algorithm | Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm | Proof of correctness | The Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is a polynomial time algorithm in graph theory that finds an edge coloring of any graph. The coloring produced uses at most colors, where is the maximum degree of the graph. This is optimal for some graphs, and by Vizing's theorem it uses at most one color more than the optimal for all others.
It was first published by Jayadev Misra and David Gries in 1992. It is a simplification of a prior algorithm by Béla Bollobás.
This algorithm is the fastest known almost-optimal algorithm for edge coloring, executing in time. A faster time bound of was claimed in a 1985 technical report by Gabow et al., but this has never been published.
In general, optimal edge coloring is NP-complete, so it is very unlikely that a polynomial time algorithm exists. There are however exponential time exact edge coloring algorithms that give an optimal solution. | The correctness of the algorithm is proved in three parts. First, it is shown that the inversion of the cdu path guarantees a vertex w such that w ∈ F, F' = [F[1]...w] is a fan and d is free on w. Then, it is shown that the edge coloring is proper and requires at most Δ + 1 colors. | [] | [
"Proof of correctness"
] | [
"Graph coloring",
"Graph algorithms"
] |
projected-44498198-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misra%20%26%20Gries%20edge%20coloring%20algorithm | Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm | Path inversion guarantee | The Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is a polynomial time algorithm in graph theory that finds an edge coloring of any graph. The coloring produced uses at most colors, where is the maximum degree of the graph. This is optimal for some graphs, and by Vizing's theorem it uses at most one color more than the optimal for all others.
It was first published by Jayadev Misra and David Gries in 1992. It is a simplification of a prior algorithm by Béla Bollobás.
This algorithm is the fastest known almost-optimal algorithm for edge coloring, executing in time. A faster time bound of was claimed in a 1985 technical report by Gabow et al., but this has never been published.
In general, optimal edge coloring is NP-complete, so it is very unlikely that a polynomial time algorithm exists. There are however exponential time exact edge coloring algorithms that give an optimal solution. | Prior to the inversion, there are two cases:
The fan has no edge colored d. Since F is a maximal fan and d is free on F[k], this implies there is no edge with color d adjacent to u, otherwise, if there was, this edge would be after F[k], as d is free on F[k], but F was maximal, which is a contradiction. Thus, d is free on u, and since c is also free on u, the cdu path is empty and the inversion has no effect on the graph. Set w = F[k].
The fan has one edge with color d. Let (u,F[x+1]) be this edge. Note that x + 1 ≠ 1 since (u,F[1]) is uncolored. Thus, d is free on F[x]. Also, x ≠ k since the fan has length k but there exists a F[x + 1]. We can now show that after the inversion, for each y ∈ {1, ..., x − 1, x + 1, ..., k}, the color of (F[y + 1], u) is free on F[y]. Note that prior to the inversion, the color of (u, F[y + 1]) is not c or d, since c is free on u and (u, F[x + 1]) has color d and the coloring is valid. The inversion only affects edges that are colored c or d, so (1) holds.
F[x] can either be in the cdu path or not. If it is not, then the inversion will not affect the set of free colors on F[x], and d will remain free on it. We can set w = F[x]. Otherwise, we can show that F is still a fan and d remains free on F[k]. Since d was free on F[x] before the inversion and F[x] is on the path, F[x] is an endpoint of the cdu path and c will be free on F[x] after the inversion. The inversion will change the color of (u, F[x + 1]) from d to c. Thus, since c is now free on F[x] and (1) holds, F remains a fan. Also, d remains free on F[k], since F[k] is not on the cdu path (suppose that it is; since d is free on F[k], then it would have to be an endpoint of the path, but u and F[x] are the endpoints). Select w = F[k].
In any case, the fan F' is a prefix of F, which implies F' is also a fan. | [] | [
"Proof of correctness",
"Path inversion guarantee"
] | [
"Graph coloring",
"Graph algorithms"
] |
projected-44498198-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misra%20%26%20Gries%20edge%20coloring%20algorithm | Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm | The edge coloring is proper | The Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is a polynomial time algorithm in graph theory that finds an edge coloring of any graph. The coloring produced uses at most colors, where is the maximum degree of the graph. This is optimal for some graphs, and by Vizing's theorem it uses at most one color more than the optimal for all others.
It was first published by Jayadev Misra and David Gries in 1992. It is a simplification of a prior algorithm by Béla Bollobás.
This algorithm is the fastest known almost-optimal algorithm for edge coloring, executing in time. A faster time bound of was claimed in a 1985 technical report by Gabow et al., but this has never been published.
In general, optimal edge coloring is NP-complete, so it is very unlikely that a polynomial time algorithm exists. There are however exponential time exact edge coloring algorithms that give an optimal solution. | This can be shown by induction on the number of colored edges. Base case: no edge is colored, this is valid. Induction step: suppose this was true at the end of the previous iteration. In the current iteration, after inverting the path, d will be free on u, and by the previous result, it will also be free on w. Rotating F' does not compromise the validity of the coloring. Thus, after setting c(u,w) = d, the coloring is still valid. | [] | [
"Proof of correctness",
"The edge coloring is proper"
] | [
"Graph coloring",
"Graph algorithms"
] |
projected-44498198-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misra%20%26%20Gries%20edge%20coloring%20algorithm | Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm | The algorithm requires at most Δ + 1 colors | The Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is a polynomial time algorithm in graph theory that finds an edge coloring of any graph. The coloring produced uses at most colors, where is the maximum degree of the graph. This is optimal for some graphs, and by Vizing's theorem it uses at most one color more than the optimal for all others.
It was first published by Jayadev Misra and David Gries in 1992. It is a simplification of a prior algorithm by Béla Bollobás.
This algorithm is the fastest known almost-optimal algorithm for edge coloring, executing in time. A faster time bound of was claimed in a 1985 technical report by Gabow et al., but this has never been published.
In general, optimal edge coloring is NP-complete, so it is very unlikely that a polynomial time algorithm exists. There are however exponential time exact edge coloring algorithms that give an optimal solution. | In a given step, only colors c and d are used. Since u is adjacent to at least one uncolored edge and its degree is bounded by Δ, at least one color in {1,...,Δ} is available for c. For d, F[k] may have degree Δ and no uncolored adjacent edge. Thus, a color Δ + 1 may be required. | [] | [
"Proof of correctness",
"The algorithm requires at most Δ + 1 colors"
] | [
"Graph coloring",
"Graph algorithms"
] |
projected-44498198-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misra%20%26%20Gries%20edge%20coloring%20algorithm | Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm | Complexity | The Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is a polynomial time algorithm in graph theory that finds an edge coloring of any graph. The coloring produced uses at most colors, where is the maximum degree of the graph. This is optimal for some graphs, and by Vizing's theorem it uses at most one color more than the optimal for all others.
It was first published by Jayadev Misra and David Gries in 1992. It is a simplification of a prior algorithm by Béla Bollobás.
This algorithm is the fastest known almost-optimal algorithm for edge coloring, executing in time. A faster time bound of was claimed in a 1985 technical report by Gabow et al., but this has never been published.
In general, optimal edge coloring is NP-complete, so it is very unlikely that a polynomial time algorithm exists. There are however exponential time exact edge coloring algorithms that give an optimal solution. | At each step, the rotation uncolors the edge (u,w) while coloring edges (u,F[1]) and (u,v) which was previously uncolored. Thus, one additional edge gets colored. Hence, the loop will run times. Finding the maximal fan, the colors c and d and invert the cdu path can be done in time. Finding w and rotating F' takes time. Finding and removing the edge (u,v) can be done using a stack in constant time (pop the last element) and this stack can be populated in time. Thus, each iteration of the loop takes time, and the total running time is . | [] | [
"Complexity"
] | [
"Graph coloring",
"Graph algorithms"
] |
projected-44498198-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misra%20%26%20Gries%20edge%20coloring%20algorithm | Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm | References | The Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is a polynomial time algorithm in graph theory that finds an edge coloring of any graph. The coloring produced uses at most colors, where is the maximum degree of the graph. This is optimal for some graphs, and by Vizing's theorem it uses at most one color more than the optimal for all others.
It was first published by Jayadev Misra and David Gries in 1992. It is a simplification of a prior algorithm by Béla Bollobás.
This algorithm is the fastest known almost-optimal algorithm for edge coloring, executing in time. A faster time bound of was claimed in a 1985 technical report by Gabow et al., but this has never been published.
In general, optimal edge coloring is NP-complete, so it is very unlikely that a polynomial time algorithm exists. There are however exponential time exact edge coloring algorithms that give an optimal solution. | Category:Graph coloring
Category:Graph algorithms | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Graph coloring",
"Graph algorithms"
] |
projected-17330813-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENSCO%2C%20Inc. | ENSCO, Inc. | Introduction | ENSCO is a provider of engineering, science, and advanced technology equipment for the defense, security, transportation, and aerospace industries. ENSCO's corporate headquarters are physically located in Ravensworth, Virginia, with a Springfield postal address.
The company manufactured the track geometry cars for the Washington Metro.
The company is the designer and operator of Applied Meteorology Unit at the Kennedy Space Center for NASA. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
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"Companies based in Fairfax County, Virginia",
"Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1969",
"Defense companies of the United States",
"Engineering companies of the United States",
"Falls Church, Virgini... | |
projected-17330813-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENSCO%2C%20Inc. | ENSCO, Inc. | Products and services | ENSCO is a provider of engineering, science, and advanced technology equipment for the defense, security, transportation, and aerospace industries. ENSCO's corporate headquarters are physically located in Ravensworth, Virginia, with a Springfield postal address.
The company manufactured the track geometry cars for the Washington Metro.
The company is the designer and operator of Applied Meteorology Unit at the Kennedy Space Center for NASA. | The company operates four divisions: rail technology, national security, avionics, and aerospace.
The company provides products for security and early-warning systems, including a product designed to detect human presence in intermodal containers and in vehicles. In the area of CBRN defense, the company has produced an early-warning decision and support system using integrated sensor technologies.
ENSCO's avionics and aerospace products and services include those for space launch ranges, air safety, the development of embedded software, and the certification of avionics systems. The company does safety-critical systems engineering to identify underperforming or nonperforming components for the aerospace industry. The company's engineering for the aerospace industry adheres to the RTCA, Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics' DO-178C (Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification), RTCA's DO-254, (Design Assurance Guidance for Airborne Electronic Hardware), RTCA's DO-160E (Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment), and US military standards.
The company's weather technologies division provides analysis and visualization of meteorological information, including radar, satellite, lightning, wind, and upper air data from worldwide sources. The firm provides analytical services to operations at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and the Kennedy Space Center.
ENSCO's transportation engineering services include systems for railroads, advanced rail security and safety services and technologies including track inspection and maintenance, track geometry data analysis and management, vehicle testing, inspection, troubleshooting, and train status location information. The company operates and maintains the Federal Railroad Administration's Automated Track Inspection Program. | [] | [
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"Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1969",
"Defense companies of the United States",
"Engineering companies of the United States",
"Falls Church, Virgini... |
projected-17330813-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENSCO%2C%20Inc. | ENSCO, Inc. | History | ENSCO is a provider of engineering, science, and advanced technology equipment for the defense, security, transportation, and aerospace industries. ENSCO's corporate headquarters are physically located in Ravensworth, Virginia, with a Springfield postal address.
The company manufactured the track geometry cars for the Washington Metro.
The company is the designer and operator of Applied Meteorology Unit at the Kennedy Space Center for NASA. | The company was established by Dr. Paul W. Broome in 1969.
In 1982, Francesco A. Calabrese became president of the company.
In 1997, Broome retired as chief executive officer of the company.
In 2005, the company was hired by United Airlines to generate weather forecasts.
Also in 2005, the company opened an office in Watervliet, New York.
In 2011, the company opened an office in Montreal, its first international operation, to service the avionics market.
In April 2011, the company acquired the IData and IGL 178 product lines from Quantum3D.
In April 2013, the company was awarded a contract by Bombardier to provide wheel sets and testing services in support of Bombardier's design and build of new railcars for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District.
In October 2014, Boris Nejikovsky was named president of the company.
In July 2015, the company received a contract to build a track inspection vehicle for Roy Hill Infrastructure in Western Australia. The company also received a contract to equip two Canadian National Railway hi-rail vehicles with both a track geometry measurement system and a machine vision joint bar inspection system.
In August 2015, the company was awarded a contract by Genesee & Wyoming for a paperless track inspection device.
In January 2016, the company opened an office in Perth.
In March 2017, the company was awarded a $74 million contract by the United States Air Force to provide modeling software and engineering support.
In April 2017, the company was awarded a contract by the Federal Railroad Administration for the Automated Track Inspection Program.
In January 2018, Paul W. Broome, the founder of the company, died.
In March 2021 ENSCO was awarded a US$571 million contract to manage the Transportation Technology Center (TTC) in Pueblo, Colorado; the transition from the former contractor, Transportation Technology Center, Inc., is expected to be completed by October 2022. The contract has a five-year base period and three five-year renewal options. ENSCO also announced the formation of the Center for Surface Transportation Testing and Academic Research (C-STTAR) consortium, including eight universities and academic research centers, to assist with research "across all modes of surface transportation" at TTC. Other members of the C-STTAR consortium include:
Center for Urban Transportation Research (at University of South Florida, consortium lead)
Colorado State University–Pueblo
University of Hawaii
Michigan State University
Michigan Tech
Mineta Transportation Institute (at San Jose State University)
University of Nebraska
Oregon State University | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"1969 establishments in Virginia",
"Aerospace companies of the United States",
"Companies based in Fairfax County, Virginia",
"Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1969",
"Defense companies of the United States",
"Engineering companies of the United States",
"Falls Church, Virgini... |
projected-17330813-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENSCO%2C%20Inc. | ENSCO, Inc. | Corporate affairs | ENSCO is a provider of engineering, science, and advanced technology equipment for the defense, security, transportation, and aerospace industries. ENSCO's corporate headquarters are physically located in Ravensworth, Virginia, with a Springfield postal address.
The company manufactured the track geometry cars for the Washington Metro.
The company is the designer and operator of Applied Meteorology Unit at the Kennedy Space Center for NASA. | The corporate headquarters are physically located in the Ravensworth census-designated place in unincorporated Fairfax County, Virginia, with a Springfield postal address.
The headquarters were formerly physically located in Annandale CDP in unincorporated Fairfax County, with a Falls Church postal address. | [] | [
"Corporate affairs"
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"Companies based in Fairfax County, Virginia",
"Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1969",
"Defense companies of the United States",
"Engineering companies of the United States",
"Falls Church, Virgini... |
projected-17330813-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENSCO%2C%20Inc. | ENSCO, Inc. | Notes | ENSCO is a provider of engineering, science, and advanced technology equipment for the defense, security, transportation, and aerospace industries. ENSCO's corporate headquarters are physically located in Ravensworth, Virginia, with a Springfield postal address.
The company manufactured the track geometry cars for the Washington Metro.
The company is the designer and operator of Applied Meteorology Unit at the Kennedy Space Center for NASA. | Category:1969 establishments in Virginia
Category:Aerospace companies of the United States
Category:Companies based in Fairfax County, Virginia
Category:Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1969
Category:Defense companies of the United States
Category:Engineering companies of the United States
Category:Falls Church, Virginia
Category:Privately held companies based in Virginia
Category:Transport safety organizations | [] | [
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"1969 establishments in Virginia",
"Aerospace companies of the United States",
"Companies based in Fairfax County, Virginia",
"Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1969",
"Defense companies of the United States",
"Engineering companies of the United States",
"Falls Church, Virgini... |
projected-17330825-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perveance | Perveance | Introduction | Perveance is a notion used in the description of charged particle beams. The value of perveance indicates how significant the space charge effect is on the beam's motion. The term is used primarily for electron beams, in which motion is often dominated by the space charge. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Accelerator physics",
"Experimental particle physics"
] | |
projected-17330825-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perveance | Perveance | Origin of the word | Perveance is a notion used in the description of charged particle beams. The value of perveance indicates how significant the space charge effect is on the beam's motion. The term is used primarily for electron beams, in which motion is often dominated by the space charge. | The word was probably created from Latin pervenio–to attain. | [] | [
"Origin of the word"
] | [
"Accelerator physics",
"Experimental particle physics"
] |
projected-17330825-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perveance | Perveance | Definition | Perveance is a notion used in the description of charged particle beams. The value of perveance indicates how significant the space charge effect is on the beam's motion. The term is used primarily for electron beams, in which motion is often dominated by the space charge. | For an electron gun, the gun perveance is determined as a coefficient of proportionality between a space-charge limited current, , and the gun anode voltage, , in three-half power in the Child-Langmuir law
The same notion is used for non-relativistic beams propagating through a vacuum chamber. In this case, the beam is assumed to have been accelerated in a stationary electric field so that is the potential difference between the emitter and the vacuum chamber, and the ratio of
is referred to as a beam perveance.
In equations describing motion of relativistic beams, contribution of the space charge appears as a dimensionless parameter called the generalized perveance defined as
,
where (for electrons) is the Budker (or Alfven) current; and are the relativistic factors, and is the neutralization factor. | [] | [
"Definition"
] | [
"Accelerator physics",
"Experimental particle physics"
] |
projected-17330825-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perveance | Perveance | Examples | Perveance is a notion used in the description of charged particle beams. The value of perveance indicates how significant the space charge effect is on the beam's motion. The term is used primarily for electron beams, in which motion is often dominated by the space charge. | The 6S4A is an example of a high perveance triode. The triode section of a 6AU8A becomes a high-perveance diode when its control grid is employed as the anode. Each section of a 6AL5 is a high-perveance diode as opposed to a 1J3 which requires over 100 V to reach only 2 mA.
Perveance does not relate directly to current handling. Another high-perveance diode, the diode section of a 33GY7, shows similar perveance to a 6AL5, but handles 15 times greater current, at almost 13 times maximum peak inverse voltage. | [] | [
"Examples"
] | [
"Accelerator physics",
"Experimental particle physics"
] |
projected-17330825-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perveance | Perveance | References | Perveance is a notion used in the description of charged particle beams. The value of perveance indicates how significant the space charge effect is on the beam's motion. The term is used primarily for electron beams, in which motion is often dominated by the space charge. | Category:Accelerator physics
Category:Experimental particle physics | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Accelerator physics",
"Experimental particle physics"
] |
projected-17330888-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem%20Brakman | Willem Brakman | Introduction | Willem Pieter Jacobus Brakman (13 June 19228 May 2008) was a Dutch writer who made his literary debut with the novel Een winterreis in 1961. Brakman received the P. C. Hooft Award in 1980. He was born on 13 June 1922 in The Hague, Netherlands, and died on 8 May 2008 in the same country. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
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"20th-century Dutch novelists",
"20th-century Dutch male writers",
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"Dutch male novelists",
"Writers from The Hague",
"Ferdinand Bordewijk Prize winners",
"P. C. Hooft Award winners",
"21st-century Dutch male writers"
] | |
projected-17330888-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem%20Brakman | Willem Brakman | Selected works | Willem Pieter Jacobus Brakman (13 June 19228 May 2008) was a Dutch writer who made his literary debut with the novel Een winterreis in 1961. Brakman received the P. C. Hooft Award in 1980. He was born on 13 June 1922 in The Hague, Netherlands, and died on 8 May 2008 in the same country. | 1961 – Een winterreis (novel)
1978 – Zes subtiele verhalen
1998 – Ante diluvium (novel)
1998 – De koning is dood (novel)
1999 – Het onlieflijke stadje E.
2004 – De afwijzing (novel)
2006 – Naar de zee, om het strand te zien | [] | [
"Selected works"
] | [
"1922 births",
"2008 deaths",
"20th-century Dutch novelists",
"20th-century Dutch male writers",
"21st-century Dutch novelists",
"Dutch male novelists",
"Writers from The Hague",
"Ferdinand Bordewijk Prize winners",
"P. C. Hooft Award winners",
"21st-century Dutch male writers"
] |
projected-17330888-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem%20Brakman | Willem Brakman | Awards | Willem Pieter Jacobus Brakman (13 June 19228 May 2008) was a Dutch writer who made his literary debut with the novel Een winterreis in 1961. Brakman received the P. C. Hooft Award in 1980. He was born on 13 June 1922 in The Hague, Netherlands, and died on 8 May 2008 in the same country. | 1962: Lucy B. and C.W. van der Hoogt Award (for Een winterreis)
1979: Ferdinand Bordewijk Prijs (for Zes subtiele verhalen)
1980: P. C. Hooft Award | [] | [
"Awards"
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"Dutch male novelists",
"Writers from The Hague",
"Ferdinand Bordewijk Prize winners",
"P. C. Hooft Award winners",
"21st-century Dutch male writers"
] |
projected-17330888-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem%20Brakman | Willem Brakman | References | Willem Pieter Jacobus Brakman (13 June 19228 May 2008) was a Dutch writer who made his literary debut with the novel Een winterreis in 1961. Brakman received the P. C. Hooft Award in 1980. He was born on 13 June 1922 in The Hague, Netherlands, and died on 8 May 2008 in the same country. | Category:1922 births
Category:2008 deaths
Category:20th-century Dutch novelists
Category:20th-century Dutch male writers
Category:21st-century Dutch novelists
Category:Dutch male novelists
Category:Writers from The Hague
Category:Ferdinand Bordewijk Prize winners
Category:P. C. Hooft Award winners
Category:21st-century Dutch male writers | [] | [
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"1922 births",
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"P. C. Hooft Award winners",
"21st-century Dutch male writers"
] |
projected-17330939-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Michel%20Bazire | Jean-Michel Bazire | Introduction | Jean-Michel Bazire (born April 16, 1971) is a French harness racing driver. In 1999, he won the Prix d'Amérique driving Moni Maker. In 2004, he was the driver for Kesaco Phedo who also won the Prix. In 2015 he again won it with Up and Quick and with Bélina Josselyn in 2019. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1971 births",
"Living people",
"French harness racers",
"Harness racing in France",
"People in harness racing"
] | |
projected-17330939-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Michel%20Bazire | Jean-Michel Bazire | References | Jean-Michel Bazire (born April 16, 1971) is a French harness racing driver. In 1999, he won the Prix d'Amérique driving Moni Maker. In 2004, he was the driver for Kesaco Phedo who also won the Prix. In 2015 he again won it with Up and Quick and with Bélina Josselyn in 2019. | Category:1971 births
Category:Living people
Category:French harness racers
Category:Harness racing in France
Category:People in harness racing | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1971 births",
"Living people",
"French harness racers",
"Harness racing in France",
"People in harness racing"
] |
projected-26722748-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home%20%28Glee%29 | Home (Glee) | Introduction | "Home" is the sixteenth episode of the American television series Glee. The episode premiered on the Fox network on April 27, 2010. It was directed by Paris Barclay and written by series creator Brad Falchuk. "Home" sees new cheerleader Mercedes Jones (Amber Riley) deal with body image issues, while Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer) sets his dad and Finn Hudson's mom together, in an attempt to get closer to Finn (Cory Monteith), and club director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) is reunited with his friend April Rhodes (Kristin Chenoweth). Chenoweth first appeared in Glee in the episode "The Rhodes Not Taken". She enjoyed the role of April so much that she agreed to return for "Home", and has expressed an interest in reappearing in the future.
The episode features cover versions of five songs, all of which were released as singles, available for digital download, and four of which are included on the soundtrack album Glee: The Music, Volume 3 – Showstoppers. "Home" was watched by 12.18 million American viewers and received mixed reviews from critics. Both Gerrick D. Kennedy of the Los Angeles Times and Tim Stack of Entertainment Weekly recommended that Chenoweth receive an Emmy nomination for her performance, and Mark A. Perigard of the Boston Herald opined that the episode itself should be submitted for Emmy consideration. Jean Bentley of MTV felt that Chenoweth was overused in the episode, however, and criticized the songs performed as being unrecognizable to younger viewers. Emily VanDerWerff of The A.V. Club felt that the episode was poorly balanced, and Bobby Hankinson of the Houston Chronicle deemed "Home" the weakest episode of Glee thus far. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"2010 American television episodes",
"Glee (season 1) episodes",
"Television episodes directed by Paris Barclay",
"Television episodes written by Brad Falchuk"
] | |
projected-26722748-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home%20%28Glee%29 | Home (Glee) | Plot | "Home" is the sixteenth episode of the American television series Glee. The episode premiered on the Fox network on April 27, 2010. It was directed by Paris Barclay and written by series creator Brad Falchuk. "Home" sees new cheerleader Mercedes Jones (Amber Riley) deal with body image issues, while Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer) sets his dad and Finn Hudson's mom together, in an attempt to get closer to Finn (Cory Monteith), and club director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) is reunited with his friend April Rhodes (Kristin Chenoweth). Chenoweth first appeared in Glee in the episode "The Rhodes Not Taken". She enjoyed the role of April so much that she agreed to return for "Home", and has expressed an interest in reappearing in the future.
The episode features cover versions of five songs, all of which were released as singles, available for digital download, and four of which are included on the soundtrack album Glee: The Music, Volume 3 – Showstoppers. "Home" was watched by 12.18 million American viewers and received mixed reviews from critics. Both Gerrick D. Kennedy of the Los Angeles Times and Tim Stack of Entertainment Weekly recommended that Chenoweth receive an Emmy nomination for her performance, and Mark A. Perigard of the Boston Herald opined that the episode itself should be submitted for Emmy consideration. Jean Bentley of MTV felt that Chenoweth was overused in the episode, however, and criticized the songs performed as being unrecognizable to younger viewers. Emily VanDerWerff of The A.V. Club felt that the episode was poorly balanced, and Bobby Hankinson of the Houston Chronicle deemed "Home" the weakest episode of Glee thus far. | In preparation for an interview with Splits Magazine, cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch) demands that new cheerleader Mercedes Jones (Amber Riley) lose ten pounds in a week. She reserves the school auditorium for cheer practice, so glee club director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) has to find the club a new rehearsal space. He visits a local roller rink where he finds former glee club member April Rhodes (Kristin Chenoweth), who tells him that she is the mistress of the wealthy eighty-year-old tycoon who owns the rink. Upon learning that Will is looking to sublet his apartment, April invites herself to visit. After spending the night sharing a bed, Will forbids April from staying over again and tells her she is worth more than being a mistress. April says she will break up with her tycoon.
Mercedes struggles to eat healthily and her mid-week weigh-in shows that she has gained two pounds. She begins extreme dieting and faints in the school cafeteria. Former cheerleading captain Quinn Fabray (Dianna Agron) sympathizes with Mercedes, commending her for being so comfortable in her own body and advising her not to let being a cheerleader detract from that. Though Mercedes is embarrassed, Quinn tells her that she is beautiful. On the day of the pep rally, Mercedes abandons the planned routine, and instead sings "Beautiful". The journalist from Splits Magazine assumes that Sue engineered the performance and expresses his admiration for her, promising her positive publicity from his article.
Glee club member Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer) sets up his widower father Burt (Mike O'Malley) with Finn Hudson's (Cory Monteith) widowed mother Carole (Romy Rosemont). He believes that it will help him become closer to Finn, for whom he has feelings. Finn is upset when Carole sells their old furniture, and stops his late father's recliner from being sold. He is initially hostile to her dating someone new, but begins to bond with Burt over sports at a group dinner. Kurt feels left out, and later asks Finn to help him break up their parents. Finn initially agrees, but relents after Burt tells him that he loves Carole and would never hurt her. They watch a basketball game together and Finn allows Burt to sit in his father's recliner, while Kurt watches on sadly through the window.
When April attempts to break up with her tycoon, he has a stroke and dies. His wife gives April $2 million in hush money, and April uses some of it to buy the auditorium for the glee club. She plans to go to Broadway to launch the first all-white production of The Wiz. The episode ends with April and the glee club performing "Home" from The Wiz. | [] | [
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projected-26722748-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home%20%28Glee%29 | Home (Glee) | Production | "Home" is the sixteenth episode of the American television series Glee. The episode premiered on the Fox network on April 27, 2010. It was directed by Paris Barclay and written by series creator Brad Falchuk. "Home" sees new cheerleader Mercedes Jones (Amber Riley) deal with body image issues, while Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer) sets his dad and Finn Hudson's mom together, in an attempt to get closer to Finn (Cory Monteith), and club director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) is reunited with his friend April Rhodes (Kristin Chenoweth). Chenoweth first appeared in Glee in the episode "The Rhodes Not Taken". She enjoyed the role of April so much that she agreed to return for "Home", and has expressed an interest in reappearing in the future.
The episode features cover versions of five songs, all of which were released as singles, available for digital download, and four of which are included on the soundtrack album Glee: The Music, Volume 3 – Showstoppers. "Home" was watched by 12.18 million American viewers and received mixed reviews from critics. Both Gerrick D. Kennedy of the Los Angeles Times and Tim Stack of Entertainment Weekly recommended that Chenoweth receive an Emmy nomination for her performance, and Mark A. Perigard of the Boston Herald opined that the episode itself should be submitted for Emmy consideration. Jean Bentley of MTV felt that Chenoweth was overused in the episode, however, and criticized the songs performed as being unrecognizable to younger viewers. Emily VanDerWerff of The A.V. Club felt that the episode was poorly balanced, and Bobby Hankinson of the Houston Chronicle deemed "Home" the weakest episode of Glee thus far. | "Home" was directed by Paris Barclay, who also directed "Wheels", Glee ninth episode. It was written by series co-creator Brad Falchuk, who deemed the episode potentially the best of the series so far. "Home" sees the return of guest star Kristin Chenoweth, who first appeared in episode five, "The Rhodes Not Taken", as former glee club member April Rhodes. Prior to her first appearance, Chenoweth was already acquainted with Glee creator Ryan Murphy, having appeared in his 2006 film Running with Scissors. Murphy commented that he loves writing for Chenoweth, and both he and Chenoweth expressed their desire for April to return to Glee in the future, with Chenoweth stating: "This part is like nothing I've had the chance to do on TV." It was confirmed in October 2009 that Chenoweth would reprise the role of April later in the first season, and on March 14, 2010 that her return would occur in "Home".
While Glee also features Chenoweth's former Wicked co-star Idina Menzel as recurring character Shelby Corcoran, the producers declined to give the two scenes together, explaining that the series is story-driven, and as re-uniting the two on-screen did not work for storytelling purposes, it was deemed unnecessary. Of Chenoweth's future with Glee beyond "Home", Falchuk commented that the producers want to "have her around as much as possible", and although no plans have been solidified, she may return in the second season. He expanded: "[When] you have talents like that, it's very hard to not want them back. The one advantage we have, I think, is that we have so many incredibly talented people in our … cast that … we don't need [guest actors] as much. But there are certain very special people that, of course, you'd always be interested in."
The episode features a cover version of "A House Is Not a Home", performed by Colfer and Monteith, as well as a mash-up of "A House Is Not a Home" and "One Less Bell to Answer", performed by Chenoweth and Morrison. Morrison and Chenoweth also duet on The Pointer Sisters' version of "Fire". In keeping with the "home" theme of the episode, Mötley Crüe's ballad "Home Sweet Home" (and also "Heart of Glass" by Blondie, although this isn't about home) can be heard in the roller rink scene, but was not covered by the cast. Chenoweth performs "Home" from The Wiz, and Riley sings "Beautiful" by Christina Aguilera. The songs performed were all released as singles, available for digital download. Each track except "Fire" and "Home Sweet Home" is also included on the album Glee: The Music, Volume 3 – Showstoppers. | [
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projected-26722748-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home%20%28Glee%29 | Home (Glee) | Ratings | "Home" is the sixteenth episode of the American television series Glee. The episode premiered on the Fox network on April 27, 2010. It was directed by Paris Barclay and written by series creator Brad Falchuk. "Home" sees new cheerleader Mercedes Jones (Amber Riley) deal with body image issues, while Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer) sets his dad and Finn Hudson's mom together, in an attempt to get closer to Finn (Cory Monteith), and club director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) is reunited with his friend April Rhodes (Kristin Chenoweth). Chenoweth first appeared in Glee in the episode "The Rhodes Not Taken". She enjoyed the role of April so much that she agreed to return for "Home", and has expressed an interest in reappearing in the future.
The episode features cover versions of five songs, all of which were released as singles, available for digital download, and four of which are included on the soundtrack album Glee: The Music, Volume 3 – Showstoppers. "Home" was watched by 12.18 million American viewers and received mixed reviews from critics. Both Gerrick D. Kennedy of the Los Angeles Times and Tim Stack of Entertainment Weekly recommended that Chenoweth receive an Emmy nomination for her performance, and Mark A. Perigard of the Boston Herald opined that the episode itself should be submitted for Emmy consideration. Jean Bentley of MTV felt that Chenoweth was overused in the episode, however, and criticized the songs performed as being unrecognizable to younger viewers. Emily VanDerWerff of The A.V. Club felt that the episode was poorly balanced, and Bobby Hankinson of the Houston Chronicle deemed "Home" the weakest episode of Glee thus far. | In its original broadcast, "Home" was watched by 12.18 million American viewers and attained a 5.2/13 rating/share in the 18-49 demographic. In the United Kingdom, the episode was watched by 1.91 million viewers and was the second most-watched show of the week on the non-terrestrial channels, beaten only by Britain's Got More Talent. In Canada, Glee was watched by 2.16 million viewers, making Glee the tenth most-viewed program of the week. In Australia, the episode lead in its timeslot in all key demographics, and was watched by 1.3 million viewers, making Glee the 16th most-viewed show of the week. | [] | [
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projected-26722748-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home%20%28Glee%29 | Home (Glee) | Critical response | "Home" is the sixteenth episode of the American television series Glee. The episode premiered on the Fox network on April 27, 2010. It was directed by Paris Barclay and written by series creator Brad Falchuk. "Home" sees new cheerleader Mercedes Jones (Amber Riley) deal with body image issues, while Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer) sets his dad and Finn Hudson's mom together, in an attempt to get closer to Finn (Cory Monteith), and club director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) is reunited with his friend April Rhodes (Kristin Chenoweth). Chenoweth first appeared in Glee in the episode "The Rhodes Not Taken". She enjoyed the role of April so much that she agreed to return for "Home", and has expressed an interest in reappearing in the future.
The episode features cover versions of five songs, all of which were released as singles, available for digital download, and four of which are included on the soundtrack album Glee: The Music, Volume 3 – Showstoppers. "Home" was watched by 12.18 million American viewers and received mixed reviews from critics. Both Gerrick D. Kennedy of the Los Angeles Times and Tim Stack of Entertainment Weekly recommended that Chenoweth receive an Emmy nomination for her performance, and Mark A. Perigard of the Boston Herald opined that the episode itself should be submitted for Emmy consideration. Jean Bentley of MTV felt that Chenoweth was overused in the episode, however, and criticized the songs performed as being unrecognizable to younger viewers. Emily VanDerWerff of The A.V. Club felt that the episode was poorly balanced, and Bobby Hankinson of the Houston Chronicle deemed "Home" the weakest episode of Glee thus far. | "Home" received mixed reviews from critics. Gerrick D. Kennedy of the Los Angeles Times deemed it the series' most emotional episode, and his favorite next to "Wheels". Kennedy praised O'Malley's performance as "nothing short of perfection" and recommended that Chenoweth receive an Emmy nomination for her performance. Tim Stack of Entertainment Weekly concurred that Chenoweth's performance was Emmy-worthy, though felt she may have been slightly overused in the episode. Stack noted that he did not love "Home" upon his first viewing, but praised it for adding depth to the characters and tackling body image and sexuality issues. Rick Bentley of McClatchy Newspapers called the episode "as perfect as television can get", praising Colfer's performance and also deeming him deserving of an Emmy nomination. Mark A. Perigard of the Boston Herald similarly assessed that "Home" is: "the strongest episode of the season to date, the one Fox should submit for Emmy consideration." Perigard was impressed by the range shown by O'Malley, and opined that the episode as a whole had no low-points.
In contrast, Jean Bentley of MTV described "Home" as "an hour of television better suited for Internet surfing than actually paying attention." She criticized the songs as being unrecognizable to younger viewers, and called the main plots "emotional doozies, with not much comic relief in between." Bentley felt that Chenoweth was overused, and called her appearance in the episode "nonsensical and unnecessary". Emily VanDerWerff of The A.V. Club graded the episode "C". She felt that the three main plot strands were poorly balanced, resulting in an episode with "powerful moments that drown as they're nearly subsumed by everything else going on." VanDerWerff criticized Mercedes' storyline as being too abrupt, and deemed her performance of "Beautiful": "so forced that it loses any power it might have from what's a genuinely nice arrangement of the song." Finally, she expressed her concern that the prevalence of songs in Glee may detract from the quality of the show. Bobby Hankinson of the Houston Chronicle also criticized the episode, deeming it the weakest of the series so far, and one that left him underwhelmed. | [] | [
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projected-26722754-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20My%20Parents%20are%20Aliens%20characters | List of My Parents are Aliens characters | Introduction | My Parents are Aliens is a British children's television sitcom airing from 1998 until 2006. The full cast for My Parents are Aliens is tabled below including both the character and the actor/actress who played the role in each season. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Lists of characters in British television animation"
] | |
projected-26722754-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20My%20Parents%20are%20Aliens%20characters | List of My Parents are Aliens characters | Characters | My Parents are Aliens is a British children's television sitcom airing from 1998 until 2006. The full cast for My Parents are Aliens is tabled below including both the character and the actor/actress who played the role in each season. | My Parents Are Aliens | [] | [
"Characters"
] | [
"Lists of characters in British television animation"
] |
projected-17330946-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20H.%20Lee%20%28businessman%29 | Thomas H. Lee (businessman) | Introduction | Thomas H. Lee (born March 27, 1944) is an American businessperson, financier and investor and is credited with being one of the early pioneers in private equity and specifically leveraged buyouts. Thomas H. Lee Partners (THL), the firm he founded in 1974, is among the oldest and largest private equity firms globally. Lee is currently the managing partner of Lee Equity Partners, a private equity firm he founded in 2006 after leaving Thomas H. Lee Partners. | [] | [
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projected-17330946-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20H.%20Lee%20%28businessman%29 | Thomas H. Lee (businessman) | Early career | Thomas H. Lee (born March 27, 1944) is an American businessperson, financier and investor and is credited with being one of the early pioneers in private equity and specifically leveraged buyouts. Thomas H. Lee Partners (THL), the firm he founded in 1974, is among the oldest and largest private equity firms globally. Lee is currently the managing partner of Lee Equity Partners, a private equity firm he founded in 2006 after leaving Thomas H. Lee Partners. | Lee was born to a Jewish family, the son of Herbert C. Lee (formerly Leibowitz) and Mildred "Micki" Schiff Lee. His father worked for the Shoe Corporation of America, founded by his father-in-law, Robert Schiff and later was chairperson of Shoe Corporation of Canada and Clark International Corp. He has two brothers: Richard S. Lee and Jonathan O. Lee. Lee attended Belmont Hill School and graduated from Harvard College in 1965, quickly going to work as an analyst in the institutional research department of L.F. Rothschild in New York. The next year, Lee went to work for the First National Bank of Boston, where he spent eight years ultimately rising to the rank of vice president in 1973.
Lee is said to have begun investing with a $150,000 inheritance. | [] | [
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projected-17330946-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20H.%20Lee%20%28businessman%29 | Thomas H. Lee (businessman) | Thomas H. Lee Partners | Thomas H. Lee (born March 27, 1944) is an American businessperson, financier and investor and is credited with being one of the early pioneers in private equity and specifically leveraged buyouts. Thomas H. Lee Partners (THL), the firm he founded in 1974, is among the oldest and largest private equity firms globally. Lee is currently the managing partner of Lee Equity Partners, a private equity firm he founded in 2006 after leaving Thomas H. Lee Partners. | In 1974, Lee founded a new investment firm to focus on acquiring companies through leveraged buyout transactions. By the mid-1980s, Thomas H. Lee Partners was firmly established among the top tier of a new class of private equity investors, while taking a friendlier approach than the so-called corporate raiders of the era (e.g., Nelson Peltz, Ronald Perelman, Carl Icahn). One of THL's early successes was the 1985 acquisition of Akron, Ohio-based Sterling Jewelers for $28 million. Lee reportedly put in less than $3 million and when the company was sold two years later for $210 million walked away with over $180 million in profits. The combined company was an early predecessor to what is now Signet Group, one of Europe's largest jewelry retail chains. In 1992, THL's acquisition of Snapple Beverages marked the resurrection of the leveraged buyout after several dormant years in the wake of the RJR Nabisco takeover, the fall of Michael Milken, and the collapse of Drexel Burnham Lambert in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
After ceding public attention to his competitors, most notably Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co., the Snapple Beverages transaction catapulted Lee to prominence. Only eight months after buying the company, Lee took Snapple Beverages public and in 1994, only two years after the original acquisition, Lee sold the company to Quaker Oats for $1.7 billion. Lee was estimated to have made $900 million for himself and his investors from the sale. Quaker Oats would subsequently sell the company, which performed poorly under new management, three years later for only $300 million. From 1974 through 2006, THL raised more than $22 billion of capital in six institutional private equity funds and completed more than 100 investments representing in excess of $125 billion of aggregate purchase price.
The final years of Lee's tenure at THL were marred to a certain extent by the firm's investment in Refco, a financial services company specializing in commodities and futures contracts that collapsed suddenly in October 2005, only months after its IPO. THL as the lead investor (and Lee himself) was named in a class action shareholder lawsuit against Refco, along with Goldman Sachs, Credit Suisse, Bank of America and Grant Thornton. | [] | [
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projected-17330946-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20H.%20Lee%20%28businessman%29 | Thomas H. Lee (businessman) | Resignation and later career | Thomas H. Lee (born March 27, 1944) is an American businessperson, financier and investor and is credited with being one of the early pioneers in private equity and specifically leveraged buyouts. Thomas H. Lee Partners (THL), the firm he founded in 1974, is among the oldest and largest private equity firms globally. Lee is currently the managing partner of Lee Equity Partners, a private equity firm he founded in 2006 after leaving Thomas H. Lee Partners. | In March 2006, Lee resigned from Thomas H. Lee Partners as the firm was nearing completion of fundraising for its sixth and current private equity fund. In the same year, Lee formed Lee Equity Partners a private equity firm focused more on growth capital transactions than the leveraged buyouts favored by THL.
Lee, who had limited his day-to-day involvement in the firm and had relocated to New York City, told staff that the parting was "very friendly," an account backed up by another insider, who described it as "completely friendly and amicable." | [] | [
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projected-17330946-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20H.%20Lee%20%28businessman%29 | Thomas H. Lee (businessman) | Philanthropy | Thomas H. Lee (born March 27, 1944) is an American businessperson, financier and investor and is credited with being one of the early pioneers in private equity and specifically leveraged buyouts. Thomas H. Lee Partners (THL), the firm he founded in 1974, is among the oldest and largest private equity firms globally. Lee is currently the managing partner of Lee Equity Partners, a private equity firm he founded in 2006 after leaving Thomas H. Lee Partners. | Lee donated $22 million to Harvard University. Lee has served as a trustee of Lincoln Center, the Museum of Modern Art, the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Museum of Jewish Heritage, Brandeis University, Cardozo Law School at Yeshiva University, Combined Jewish Philanthropies of Greater Boston, Harvard University, the Intrepid Museum Foundation, NYU Medical Center, and Rockefeller University. He's a major donor to James Turrell's Roden Crater project. | [] | [
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projected-17330946-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20H.%20Lee%20%28businessman%29 | Thomas H. Lee (businessman) | Personal life | Thomas H. Lee (born March 27, 1944) is an American businessperson, financier and investor and is credited with being one of the early pioneers in private equity and specifically leveraged buyouts. Thomas H. Lee Partners (THL), the firm he founded in 1974, is among the oldest and largest private equity firms globally. Lee is currently the managing partner of Lee Equity Partners, a private equity firm he founded in 2006 after leaving Thomas H. Lee Partners. | Lee has been married twice. He divorced his first wife, Barbara Fish Lee, in 1995, after he made public the fact that he had an affair with a woman who was later tried for extortion. Lee's second wife is Ann Tenenbaum of Savannah, Georgia. Lee has five children. Lee is an avid art collector and a friend of Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton. In June 2008 at the conclusion of Hillary's unsuccessful presidential run, she and Bill were reported to have stayed at his East Hampton, New York beach front home for a few days for the period when she was out of the public eye.
In the July 15, 2016 Report of Disbursements, Thomas H. Lee, is named as a $100,000 receipt from Correct the Record, a political action group taking unspecified "targeted action" against political opponents of Hillary Clinton and the Democratic Party. | [] | [
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projected-26722761-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Elowitz | Michael Elowitz | Introduction | Michael B. Elowitz is a biologist and professor of Biology, Bioengineering, and Applied Physics at the California Institute of Technology, and investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. In 2007 he was the recipient of the Genius grant, better known as the MacArthur Fellows Program for the design of a synthetic gene regulatory network, the Repressilator, which helped initiate the field of synthetic biology. In addition, he showed, for the first time, how inherently random effects, or 'noise', in gene expression could be detected and quantified in living cells, leading to a growing recognition of the many roles that noise plays in living cells. His work in Synthetic Biology and Noise represent two foundations of the field of Systems Biology. | [] | [
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projected-26722761-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Elowitz | Michael Elowitz | Career | Michael B. Elowitz is a biologist and professor of Biology, Bioengineering, and Applied Physics at the California Institute of Technology, and investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. In 2007 he was the recipient of the Genius grant, better known as the MacArthur Fellows Program for the design of a synthetic gene regulatory network, the Repressilator, which helped initiate the field of synthetic biology. In addition, he showed, for the first time, how inherently random effects, or 'noise', in gene expression could be detected and quantified in living cells, leading to a growing recognition of the many roles that noise plays in living cells. His work in Synthetic Biology and Noise represent two foundations of the field of Systems Biology. | His laboratory studies the dynamics of genetic circuits in individual living cells using synthetic biology, time-lapse microscopy, and mathematical modeling, with a particular focus on the way in which cells make use of noise to implement behaviors that would be difficult or impossible without it.
Recently, his lab has expanded their approaches beyond bacteria to include eukaryotic and mammalian cells. | [] | [
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projected-26722761-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Elowitz | Michael Elowitz | Life | Michael B. Elowitz is a biologist and professor of Biology, Bioengineering, and Applied Physics at the California Institute of Technology, and investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. In 2007 he was the recipient of the Genius grant, better known as the MacArthur Fellows Program for the design of a synthetic gene regulatory network, the Repressilator, which helped initiate the field of synthetic biology. In addition, he showed, for the first time, how inherently random effects, or 'noise', in gene expression could be detected and quantified in living cells, leading to a growing recognition of the many roles that noise plays in living cells. His work in Synthetic Biology and Noise represent two foundations of the field of Systems Biology. | Elowitz grew up in Los Angeles, California, where he attended the humanities magnet at Alexander Hamilton High School (Los Angeles).
He studied Physics and graduated with a B.A. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1992, and from Princeton University with a Ph.D. in 1999.
In 1997–1998, he spent one year at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory at Heidelberg.
Afterwards, he was a postdoctoral fellow at the Rockefeller University in New York City.
While working as a graduate student at Princeton he co-authored songs such as Sunday at the Lab with Uri Alon. | [] | [
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projected-26722761-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Elowitz | Michael Elowitz | Awards | Michael B. Elowitz is a biologist and professor of Biology, Bioengineering, and Applied Physics at the California Institute of Technology, and investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. In 2007 he was the recipient of the Genius grant, better known as the MacArthur Fellows Program for the design of a synthetic gene regulatory network, the Repressilator, which helped initiate the field of synthetic biology. In addition, he showed, for the first time, how inherently random effects, or 'noise', in gene expression could be detected and quantified in living cells, leading to a growing recognition of the many roles that noise plays in living cells. His work in Synthetic Biology and Noise represent two foundations of the field of Systems Biology. | 2022 Elected to the National Academy of Sciences
2019 Raymond and Beverly Sackler International Prize in Biophysics
2015 Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2011 HFSP Nakasone Award
2008 Presidential Early Career Award in Science and Engineering
2008 Discover Magazine "Top 20 under 40"
2007 MacArthur Fellows Program
2006 Packard Fellow
2004 Technology Review TR100 List of Top Innovators
2003 Burroughs Welcome Fund Interfaces award | [] | [
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"Synthetic biologists",
... |
projected-26722761-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Elowitz | Michael Elowitz | Peer-reviewed publications | Michael B. Elowitz is a biologist and professor of Biology, Bioengineering, and Applied Physics at the California Institute of Technology, and investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. In 2007 he was the recipient of the Genius grant, better known as the MacArthur Fellows Program for the design of a synthetic gene regulatory network, the Repressilator, which helped initiate the field of synthetic biology. In addition, he showed, for the first time, how inherently random effects, or 'noise', in gene expression could be detected and quantified in living cells, leading to a growing recognition of the many roles that noise plays in living cells. His work in Synthetic Biology and Noise represent two foundations of the field of Systems Biology. | Li P, Markson JS, Wang S, Chen S, Vachharajan V, Elowitz MB, "Morphogen gradient reconstitution reveals Hedgehog pathway design principles," Science (2018).
Bintu L, Yong J, Antebi YE, McCue K, Kazuki Y, Uno N, Oshimura M, Elowitz MB, "Dynamics of epigenetic regulation at the single-cell level," Science (2016).
Lin Y, Sohn CH, Dalal CK, Cai L, Elowitz MB, Combinatorial gene regulation by modulation of relative pulse timing, Nature, 2015 | [] | [
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... |
projected-20467374-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Until%20They%20Sail | Until They Sail | Introduction | Until They Sail is a 1957 American black-and-white CinemaScope drama film directed by Robert Wise and starring Jean Simmons, Joan Fontaine, Paul Newman, Piper Laurie, and Sandra Dee. The screenplay by Robert Anderson, based on a story by James A. Michener included in his 1951 anthology Return to Paradise, focuses on four New Zealand sisters and their relationships with U.S. Marines during World War II. | [] | [
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"1950s English-language films",
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"Films about the United States Marine Corps",
"1957 drama films",
"Films based on short fiction",
"Films di... | |
projected-20467374-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Until%20They%20Sail | Until They Sail | Plot | Until They Sail is a 1957 American black-and-white CinemaScope drama film directed by Robert Wise and starring Jean Simmons, Joan Fontaine, Paul Newman, Piper Laurie, and Sandra Dee. The screenplay by Robert Anderson, based on a story by James A. Michener included in his 1951 anthology Return to Paradise, focuses on four New Zealand sisters and their relationships with U.S. Marines during World War II. | The film opens in a Christchurch courtroom, where testimony prompts Barbara Leslie to flashback to the events that led to the trial. She and her sisters Anne, Evelyn, and Delia live in Christchurch, where most of the male residents, including their brother Kit and Barbara's new husband Mark, are preparing to leave for World War II duty. Delia announces her engagement to Phil "Shiner" Friskett, who is one of the city's few remaining bachelors, but word of Kit's death dampens the celebration. Repressed and judgmental spinster sister Anne disapproves of the upcoming nuptials, but Barbara defends Delia's decision.
Within weeks of the marriage, the sisters come to resent Shiner's abuse and are happy to see him leave for active duty. Delia moves to Wellington to work for the New Zealand Navy. When several hundred U.S. Marines are shipped to Christchurch following the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, the lonely local women are flattered by the attention they pay them. When Evelyn invites Capt. Richard "Dick" Bates to dinner, he declines the offer, but not without attracting Anne's eye.
Concerned about Delia, Anne sends Barbara to Wellington, where she discovers her sister is registered at the St. George Hotel under her maiden name. Shiner is now a prisoner of war, and Delia has become involved with an American lieutenant named Andy. She plans to divorce Shiner and emigrate to the United States. Andy introduces Barbara to his friend Jack Harding, a Marine reviewing the backgrounds of prospective New Zealand brides of American soldiers. Although Barbara intends to remain faithful to her husband, she finds herself attracted to Jack.
Back in Christchurch, Anne is outraged by the lewd comments made by American servicemen in the lingerie shop where she works and writes a letter of complaint to the local paper. Following its publication, Dick is sent to the Leslie home to deliver a formal apology on behalf of the Marine Corps. Anne invites him to dinner, and Dick arrives with a gift of perfume for each sister. Anne accuses him of trying to seduce them.
Soon after, Barbara and Anne learn of Mark's death in North Africa and Dick's departure for active duty. He eventually returns to New Zealand to recuperate from an injury, and a romance between him and Anne blossoms. He proposes, but before the required marital investigation can take place, he is given offshore duty, leaving Anne expecting their child and unsure of what the future holds for them.
Jack arrives at the Leslie home to conduct his investigation of Anne, and he advises her that wartime romances stem from loneliness rather than love. Barbara tells him his assessment is heartless. Shortly after, she discovers Dick's name on the latest casualty list. Weeks later, Jack runs into Barbara at a local dance, where she suggests he uses alcohol to avoid intimacy. He breaks down in her arms, and a strong friendship between the two blossoms.
Jack celebrates Christmas Eve with the Leslie family, which now includes Anne's newborn son. When he announces his imminent departure, he and Barbara share an amorous embrace. Months later, Evelyn's sweetheart Tommy returns from war and proposes to her. Barbara sees an item from Richard's mother in the personals section of the newspaper, containing a request from Dick's mother to hear from any New Zealand family who knew her son. After Barbara writes to her, Dick's mother sends money to finance Anne and her baby's move to Oklahoma to live with their family.
The day of Anne's departure coincides with the Japanese announcing the end of hostilities. Delia has arrived in Wellington to see Anne off and to ask Shiner, recently rescued from a P.O.W. camp, for a divorce so she can leave for America with her latest lover. Infuriated, Shiner kills his wife with a Japanese sword he brought back from the war.
Weeks later, during the murder trial, Jack is forced to reveal his investigation report detailing Delia's seven affairs with American soldiers. Upset that her sister's infidelities seemingly have justified her savage murder, Barbara refuses Jack's invitation to leave New Zealand with him. Upon reflection, she packs her belongings and arrives at Jack's hotel to tell him she's ready to embark upon a new life with him. | [] | [
"Plot"
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"1957 films",
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"1957 drama films",
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projected-20467374-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Until%20They%20Sail | Until They Sail | Cast | Until They Sail is a 1957 American black-and-white CinemaScope drama film directed by Robert Wise and starring Jean Simmons, Joan Fontaine, Paul Newman, Piper Laurie, and Sandra Dee. The screenplay by Robert Anderson, based on a story by James A. Michener included in his 1951 anthology Return to Paradise, focuses on four New Zealand sisters and their relationships with U.S. Marines during World War II. | Jean Simmons as Barbara Leslie Forbes
Joan Fontaine as Anne Leslie
Paul Newman as Capt. Jack Harding
Piper Laurie as Delia Leslie Friskett
Charles Drake as Capt. Richard Bates
Sandra Dee as Evelyn Leslie
Wally Cassell as Phil Friskett
Alan Napier as Prosecution Attorney
Ralph Votrian as Max Murphy
John Wilder as Tommy
Tige Andrews as US Marine #1 (store customer)
Adam Kennedy as Lt. Andy
Mickey Shaughnessy as US Marine #2 (store customer) | [] | [
"Cast"
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"1957 films",
"American World War II films",
"Films set in New Zealand",
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"1957 drama films",
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projected-20467374-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Until%20They%20Sail | Until They Sail | Music | Until They Sail is a 1957 American black-and-white CinemaScope drama film directed by Robert Wise and starring Jean Simmons, Joan Fontaine, Paul Newman, Piper Laurie, and Sandra Dee. The screenplay by Robert Anderson, based on a story by James A. Michener included in his 1951 anthology Return to Paradise, focuses on four New Zealand sisters and their relationships with U.S. Marines during World War II. | The score for the film was composed and conducted by David Raksin. The title song included lyrics by Sammy Cahn and was performed under the main titles by vocalist Eydie Gorme.
The complete score was issued on CD in 2009, on Film Score Monthly records. | [] | [
"Music"
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"1957 films",
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"1957 drama films",
"Films based on short fiction",
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projected-20467374-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Until%20They%20Sail | Until They Sail | Production | Until They Sail is a 1957 American black-and-white CinemaScope drama film directed by Robert Wise and starring Jean Simmons, Joan Fontaine, Paul Newman, Piper Laurie, and Sandra Dee. The screenplay by Robert Anderson, based on a story by James A. Michener included in his 1951 anthology Return to Paradise, focuses on four New Zealand sisters and their relationships with U.S. Marines during World War II. | Robert Wise and Mark Robson had originally purchased the rights for Michener's story when they were at RKO. Casting problems forced them to delay the filming when the rights went to Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions who were going to cast Burt Lancaster. When the company made The Kentuckian instead, MGM acquired the rights, first intending their contract lead Glenn Ford playing the lead Marine. Robert Wise then reacquired the film through MGM in his last film of his contract with the studio.
Wise visited New Zealand to familiarise himself with the nation and the people, but filmed the movie on the MGM back lot.
He had originally intended to shoot the film in colour.
It was Sandra Dee's first film. (The 1957 Soviet animated feature The Snow Queen is often listed as Dee's first film credit, because she and other Hollywood stars did the voices for the English-language version, but that English-language audio was not actually made until 1959.)
Stewart Granger was once announced for the lead. | [] | [
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"1957 films",
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"Films based on short fiction",
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projected-20467374-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Until%20They%20Sail | Until They Sail | Box office | Until They Sail is a 1957 American black-and-white CinemaScope drama film directed by Robert Wise and starring Jean Simmons, Joan Fontaine, Paul Newman, Piper Laurie, and Sandra Dee. The screenplay by Robert Anderson, based on a story by James A. Michener included in his 1951 anthology Return to Paradise, focuses on four New Zealand sisters and their relationships with U.S. Marines during World War II. | According to MGM records the film earned $745,000 in the US and Canada and $675,000 elsewhere, resulting in a loss of $1,055,000. | [] | [
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"1957 films",
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"1957 drama films",
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projected-20467374-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Until%20They%20Sail | Until They Sail | Critical reception | Until They Sail is a 1957 American black-and-white CinemaScope drama film directed by Robert Wise and starring Jean Simmons, Joan Fontaine, Paul Newman, Piper Laurie, and Sandra Dee. The screenplay by Robert Anderson, based on a story by James A. Michener included in his 1951 anthology Return to Paradise, focuses on four New Zealand sisters and their relationships with U.S. Marines during World War II. | Bosley Crowther of The New York Times observed, "The genuine tugs at the heart are few and far between in this bittersweet but basically restrained chronicle. Robert Anderson's adaptation . . . is honest and straightforward . . . Unfortunately there is a good deal of introspective soul-searching before this narrative arrives at its sad and happy endings."
William K. Zinsser of the New York Herald Tribune wrote that the film "has moments of genuine tenderness and truth." | [] | [
"Critical reception"
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"American black-and-white films",
"Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films",
"CinemaScope films",
"Films about the United States Marine Corps",
"1957 drama films",
"Films based on short fiction",
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