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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
projected-20467597-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/559th%20Flying%20Training%20Squadron | 559th Flying Training Squadron | Assignments | The 559th Flying Training Squadron is part of the 12th Flying Training Wing based at Randolph Air Force Base, Texas. It operates the Beechcraft T-6 Texan II conducting flying training. | 12th Bombardment Group, 15 January 1941 – 22 January 1946
12th Bombardment Group, 19 May 1947 – 10 September 1948
12th Fighter-Escort Group, 1 November 1950 (attached to 12th Fighter-Escort Wing after 10 February 1951)
12th Fighter-Escort Wing (later 12th Strategic Fighter Wing, 12th Fighter-Day Wing), 16 June 1952 – 8 January 1958
Tactical Air Command, 17 April 1962 (not organized)
12th Tactical Fighter Wing, 25 April 1962 (attached to 51st Fighter-Interceptor Wing 12 June-c. 7 September 1965)
836th Air Division, 8 November 1965
12th Tactical Fighter Wing, 27 December 1965 – 31 March 1970
12th Flying Training Wing, 1 May 1972
12th Operations Group, 15 December 1991 – present | [] | [
"Lineage",
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] | [
"Flying training squadrons of the United States Air Force",
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projected-20467597-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/559th%20Flying%20Training%20Squadron | 559th Flying Training Squadron | Stations | The 559th Flying Training Squadron is part of the 12th Flying Training Wing based at Randolph Air Force Base, Texas. It operates the Beechcraft T-6 Texan II conducting flying training. | McChord Field, Washington, 15 January 1941
Esler Field, Louisiana, 27 February-3 July 1942 (operated from Stockton Army Air Field, California 24 May-24 June 1942)
Deversoir Air Base, Egypt, Egypt, 30 Jul 1942
Landing Ground LG 88, Egypt, 18 October 1942
Gambut Main (LG 139, Libya, 6 December 1942
El Magrun Landing Ground (LG 142), Libya, 14 December 1942
Gambut Main (LG 139), Libya, 17 December 1942
Tmed El Chel Airfield, Libya, 11 January 1943
Berteaux Airfield, Algeria, 3 February 1943
Canrobert Airfield, Algeria, 15 March 1943
Thibar, Tunisia, 1 May 1943
Hergla Airfield, Tunisia, 2 June 1943
Ponte Olivo Airfield, Sicily, Italy, c. 2 August 1943
Gerbini Airfield, Sicily, Italy, 22 August 1943
Foggia Main Airfield, Italy, 5 November 1943
Gaudo Airfield, Italy, 18 January-6 February 1944
Tezgaon Airfield, India (Bangla Desh). 20 March 1944
Madhaiganj Airfield, India, 13 June 1944
Fenny Airfield, India, 17 July 1944 (operated from Meiktila, Burma 21–29 April 1945)
Madhaiganj Airfield, India (Bangla Desh), 7 June 1945
Karachi, India (Pakistan), 15 November-24 December 1945
Ft. Lawton, Washington, 21–22 January 1946
Langley Field (later Langley Air Force Base), Virginia, 19 May 1947 – 10 September 1948
Turner Air Force Base, Georgia, 1 November 1950
Bergstrom Air Force Base, Texas, 5 December 1950 – 8 January 1958 (deployed to RAF Manston, England 18 July-30 November 1951, Chitose Air Base, Japan 15 May-10 August 1953, Misawa Air Base, Japan 12 May-11 August 1954)
MacDill Air Force Base, Florida, 25 April 1962 (deployed to Naha Air Base, Okinawa 12 June-7 September 1965)
Cam Ranh Air Base, South Vietnam, 27 December 1965 – 31 March 1970
Randolph Air Force Base, Texas, 1 May 1972 – present | [] | [
"Lineage",
"Stations"
] | [
"Flying training squadrons of the United States Air Force",
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projected-20467597-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/559th%20Flying%20Training%20Squadron | 559th Flying Training Squadron | Aircraft | The 559th Flying Training Squadron is part of the 12th Flying Training Wing based at Randolph Air Force Base, Texas. It operates the Beechcraft T-6 Texan II conducting flying training. | Douglas B-18 Bolo (1941–1942)
North American B-25 Mitchell (1942–1945)
Douglas A-26 Invader (1945)
Republic F-84 Thunderjet (1950–1957)
McDonnell F-4 Phantom II (1964–1970)
Cessna T-37 Tweet (1972–present)
Beechcraft T-6 Texan II (2000–present) | [] | [
"Lineage",
"Aircraft"
] | [
"Flying training squadrons of the United States Air Force",
"Military units and formations in Texas"
] |
projected-20467597-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/559th%20Flying%20Training%20Squadron | 559th Flying Training Squadron | Notes | The 559th Flying Training Squadron is part of the 12th Flying Training Wing based at Randolph Air Force Base, Texas. It operates the Beechcraft T-6 Texan II conducting flying training. | Explanatory notes
Citations | [] | [
"References",
"Notes"
] | [
"Flying training squadrons of the United States Air Force",
"Military units and formations in Texas"
] |
projected-20467597-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/559th%20Flying%20Training%20Squadron | 559th Flying Training Squadron | Bibliography | The 559th Flying Training Squadron is part of the 12th Flying Training Wing based at Randolph Air Force Base, Texas. It operates the Beechcraft T-6 Texan II conducting flying training. | Further reading
Coles, Harry C., (1945) Ninth Air Force in the Western Desert Campaign to 23 January 1943, USAF Historical Study No. 30
Coles, Harry C., (1945) Participation by the Ninth and Twelfth Air Forces in the Sicilian Campaign, USAF Historical Study No. 37
0559
Category:Military units and formations in Texas | [] | [
"References",
"Bibliography"
] | [
"Flying training squadrons of the United States Air Force",
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] |
projected-20467601-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s%20Copete | Andrés Copete | Introduction | Andrés Mauricio Copete Ceballos (born October 29, 1983) is a Colombian footballer who plays for Parrillas One. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1983 births",
"Living people",
"Sportspeople from Valle del Cauca Department",
"Colombian footballers",
"C.D. Victoria players",
"C.D. Olimpia players",
"F.C. Motagua players",
"Xelajú MC players",
"Llaneros F.C. players",
"Parrillas One players",
"Colombian expatriate footballers",
"Expatria... | |
projected-20467601-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s%20Copete | Andrés Copete | Club career | Andrés Mauricio Copete Ceballos (born October 29, 1983) is a Colombian footballer who plays for Parrillas One. | He made his debut in Honduras for Victoria against Deportes Savio on 2 August 2008, scoring the winning goal. | [] | [
"Club career"
] | [
"1983 births",
"Living people",
"Sportspeople from Valle del Cauca Department",
"Colombian footballers",
"C.D. Victoria players",
"C.D. Olimpia players",
"F.C. Motagua players",
"Xelajú MC players",
"Llaneros F.C. players",
"Parrillas One players",
"Colombian expatriate footballers",
"Expatria... |
projected-20467601-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s%20Copete | Andrés Copete | References | Andrés Mauricio Copete Ceballos (born October 29, 1983) is a Colombian footballer who plays for Parrillas One. | Category:1983 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Valle del Cauca Department
Category:Colombian footballers
Category:C.D. Victoria players
Category:C.D. Olimpia players
Category:F.C. Motagua players
Category:Xelajú MC players
Category:Llaneros F.C. players
Category:Parrillas One players
Category:Colombian expatriate footballers
Category:Expatriate footballers in Honduras
Category:Expatriate footballers in Guatemala
Category:Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional de Honduras players
Category:Association football forwards | [] | [
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"Living people",
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"Colombian footballers",
"C.D. Victoria players",
"C.D. Olimpia players",
"F.C. Motagua players",
"Xelajú MC players",
"Llaneros F.C. players",
"Parrillas One players",
"Colombian expatriate footballers",
"Expatria... |
projected-17332447-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department%20of%20Main%20Roads%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29 | Department of Main Roads (New South Wales) | Introduction | The Department of Main Roads (DMR) was an agency of the New South Wales Government, responsible for planning, constructing and maintaining major road infrastructure. The DMR directly managed highways and major roads and provided funding to local councils for regional and local roads. The agency was merged with other agencies to form the Roads & Traffic Authority in 1989. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Defunct government departments of New South Wales",
"Defunct transport organisations based in Australia",
"History of transport in New South Wales",
"1932 establishments in Australia",
"1989 disestablishments in Australia"
] | |
projected-17332447-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department%20of%20Main%20Roads%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29 | Department of Main Roads (New South Wales) | History | The Department of Main Roads (DMR) was an agency of the New South Wales Government, responsible for planning, constructing and maintaining major road infrastructure. The DMR directly managed highways and major roads and provided funding to local councils for regional and local roads. The agency was merged with other agencies to form the Roads & Traffic Authority in 1989. | The Ministry of Transport was established in December 1932 by way of the Transport (Division of Functions) Act of 1932, following the dismissal of the Lang Government and the subsequent state election. The ministry consisted of three departments, including the Department of Main Roads and the Department of Road Transport & Tramways. The departments were established as the incoming Stevens Government and its Minister for Transport Michael Bruxner sought to reorganise the management of the road network in NSW. The new department essentially resumed the functions that had been held by the NSW Main Roads Board from 1925 until March 1932, when they were transferred to the Department of Transport by the Lang Government.
The Transport (Division of Functions) Act of 1932 provided for the appointment of a Commissioner of Main Roads who held the powers necessary to manage the major highways of the state. Hugh Hamilton Newell was appointed as the first Commissioner. The new Department also took over the management of the newly constructed Sydney Harbour Bridge from the Public Works Department.
In 1976 the responsibilities for managing traffic, including the operation of the traffic signal system, were transferred to the DMR from the Department of Motor Transport, which was a successor of Department of Road Transport and Tramways. Many specialist traffic management staff and traffic signal maintenance crews also became part of the DMR at this time.
Pursuant to the Transport Administration Act 1988, the DMR merged with the Traffic Authority of New South Wales and the Department of Motor Transport to form the Roads & Traffic Authority on 16 January 1989. | [
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"1989 disestablishments in Australia"
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projected-17332447-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department%20of%20Main%20Roads%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29 | Department of Main Roads (New South Wales) | New South Wales Road Classification | The Department of Main Roads (DMR) was an agency of the New South Wales Government, responsible for planning, constructing and maintaining major road infrastructure. The DMR directly managed highways and major roads and provided funding to local councils for regional and local roads. The agency was merged with other agencies to form the Roads & Traffic Authority in 1989. | When formed, the DMR was responsible for managing 26,321 km of the major roads in NSW. These were formally classified as:
State Highways
Trunk Roads
Main Roads
Secondary Roads
Developmental Roads
By 1972 this network had grown to 43,292 km and by then also included some additional classifications:
Freeways
Tourist Roads
Unclassified roads in the remote western parts of the State
Local roads continued to managed by local councils. | [] | [
"New South Wales Road Classification"
] | [
"Defunct government departments of New South Wales",
"Defunct transport organisations based in Australia",
"History of transport in New South Wales",
"1932 establishments in Australia",
"1989 disestablishments in Australia"
] |
projected-17332447-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department%20of%20Main%20Roads%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29 | Department of Main Roads (New South Wales) | Organisation | The Department of Main Roads (DMR) was an agency of the New South Wales Government, responsible for planning, constructing and maintaining major road infrastructure. The DMR directly managed highways and major roads and provided funding to local councils for regional and local roads. The agency was merged with other agencies to form the Roads & Traffic Authority in 1989. | The Department of Main Roads was headed by a Commissioner who was a statutory appointment by the Minister for Roads. The department employed salaried staff who carried out planning, management and administrative tasks and day labour staff who undertook road and bridge works.
For much of its existence the DMR undertook a significant proportion of its road and bridge construction and all its maintenance activities using its own labour force. It also operated major mechanical workshops, asphalt plants, spray sealing crews, road linemarking teams and materials testing laboratories.
In 1932 the Department had a total employment of 2,425. By 1970, as tasks expanded, this number had grown to 11,497. In the later 1970s and through the 1980s successive waves of internal re-organisation led to more work being let out to contract with the total employment number dropping to 8,700 by the time the Department ceased to exist in 1989. | [] | [
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"History of transport in New South Wales",
"1932 establishments in Australia",
"1989 disestablishments in Australia"
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projected-17332447-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department%20of%20Main%20Roads%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29 | Department of Main Roads (New South Wales) | National Affiliations | The Department of Main Roads (DMR) was an agency of the New South Wales Government, responsible for planning, constructing and maintaining major road infrastructure. The DMR directly managed highways and major roads and provided funding to local councils for regional and local roads. The agency was merged with other agencies to form the Roads & Traffic Authority in 1989. | The Department of Main Roads became a member of Conference of State Road Authorities (COSRA) when that organisation was formed in 1934 and then, from 1959, the National Association of Australian State Road Authorities (NAASRA). When NAASRA was transformed into Austroads in 1989 the DMR's successor the Roads & Traffic Authority became a foundation member. | [] | [
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] | [
"Defunct government departments of New South Wales",
"Defunct transport organisations based in Australia",
"History of transport in New South Wales",
"1932 establishments in Australia",
"1989 disestablishments in Australia"
] |
projected-17332447-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department%20of%20Main%20Roads%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29 | Department of Main Roads (New South Wales) | Publication | The Department of Main Roads (DMR) was an agency of the New South Wales Government, responsible for planning, constructing and maintaining major road infrastructure. The DMR directly managed highways and major roads and provided funding to local councils for regional and local roads. The agency was merged with other agencies to form the Roads & Traffic Authority in 1989. | From 1929 until 1984, Main Roads was the DMR's inhouse journal that was published quarterly. | [] | [
"Publication"
] | [
"Defunct government departments of New South Wales",
"Defunct transport organisations based in Australia",
"History of transport in New South Wales",
"1932 establishments in Australia",
"1989 disestablishments in Australia"
] |
projected-17332447-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department%20of%20Main%20Roads%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29 | Department of Main Roads (New South Wales) | References | The Department of Main Roads (DMR) was an agency of the New South Wales Government, responsible for planning, constructing and maintaining major road infrastructure. The DMR directly managed highways and major roads and provided funding to local councils for regional and local roads. The agency was merged with other agencies to form the Roads & Traffic Authority in 1989. | Aitkin, Don (1969). The Colonel: A political biography of Sir Michael Bruxner. Australian National University Press. .
Terry, Michael (1945). Bulldozer: the War Role of the Department of Main Roads, New South Wales. Frank Johnson, Sydney. | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Defunct government departments of New South Wales",
"Defunct transport organisations based in Australia",
"History of transport in New South Wales",
"1932 establishments in Australia",
"1989 disestablishments in Australia"
] |
projected-20467621-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce%20Howard%20%28baseball%29 | Bruce Howard (baseball) | Introduction | Bruce Ernest Howard (born March 23, 1943) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher with the Chicago White Sox, Baltimore Orioles and Washington Senators between 1963 and 1968. A native of Salisbury, Maryland, he attended Villanova University. His son, David Howard, also played in the major leagues.
He was traded along with Don Buford and Roger Nelson from the White Sox to the Orioles for Luis Aparicio, Russ Snyder and John Matias on November 29, 1967.
In a six-season career, Howard posted a 26–31 record with 349 strikeouts and a 3.18 ERA in 120 appearances, including seven complete games, four shutouts, one save, and innings of work. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1943 births",
"Living people",
"Baltimore Orioles players",
"Baseball players from Maryland",
"Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players",
"Chicago White Sox players",
"Clinton C-Sox players",
"Eugene Emeralds players",
"Florida Instructional League White Sox players",
"Indianapolis Indians players",... | |
projected-20467621-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce%20Howard%20%28baseball%29 | Bruce Howard (baseball) | See also | Bruce Ernest Howard (born March 23, 1943) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher with the Chicago White Sox, Baltimore Orioles and Washington Senators between 1963 and 1968. A native of Salisbury, Maryland, he attended Villanova University. His son, David Howard, also played in the major leagues.
He was traded along with Don Buford and Roger Nelson from the White Sox to the Orioles for Luis Aparicio, Russ Snyder and John Matias on November 29, 1967.
In a six-season career, Howard posted a 26–31 record with 349 strikeouts and a 3.18 ERA in 120 appearances, including seven complete games, four shutouts, one save, and innings of work. | List of second-generation Major League Baseball players | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"1943 births",
"Living people",
"Baltimore Orioles players",
"Baseball players from Maryland",
"Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players",
"Chicago White Sox players",
"Clinton C-Sox players",
"Eugene Emeralds players",
"Florida Instructional League White Sox players",
"Indianapolis Indians players",... |
projected-17332482-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruaraka%20Sports%20Club%20Ground | Ruaraka Sports Club Ground | Introduction | The Ruaraka Sports Club Ground is one of several cricket venues in Nairobi accredited with full ODI status. This ground played host to the 1994 ICC Trophy final and was one of several grounds used during the 2007 World Cricket League Division one matches played in Kenya. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Kenyan club cricket teams",
"Sport in Nairobi",
"Cricket grounds in Kenya"
] | |
projected-17332482-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruaraka%20Sports%20Club%20Ground | Ruaraka Sports Club Ground | References | The Ruaraka Sports Club Ground is one of several cricket venues in Nairobi accredited with full ODI status. This ground played host to the 1994 ICC Trophy final and was one of several grounds used during the 2007 World Cricket League Division one matches played in Kenya. | Cricinfo ground profile
Google Maps
Category:Kenyan club cricket teams
Category:Sport in Nairobi
Category:Cricket grounds in Kenya | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Kenyan club cricket teams",
"Sport in Nairobi",
"Cricket grounds in Kenya"
] |
projected-20467622-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Speed%20of%20Cattle | The Speed of Cattle | Introduction | The Speed of Cattle is a compilation album recorded by the indie rock band Archers of Loaf. It was recorded in Seattle over a three-week period, the longest the band had taken to record an album at the time. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Archers of Loaf albums",
"1996 compilation albums",
"Alias Records albums"
] | |
projected-20467622-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Speed%20of%20Cattle | The Speed of Cattle | Track listing | The Speed of Cattle is a compilation album recorded by the indie rock band Archers of Loaf. It was recorded in Seattle over a three-week period, the longest the band had taken to record an album at the time. | "Wrong" - 3:50
"South Carolina" - 3:33
"Web in Front" 2:08
"Bathroom" - 1:45
"Tatyana" - 4:43
"What Did You Expect?" - 3:12
"Ethel Merman" - 2:42
"Funnelhead" - 2:51
"Quinn Beast" - 3:42
"Telepathic Traffic" 3:04
"Don't Believe The Good News" - 4:49
"Smokin' Pot In The Hot City" - 3:17
"Mutes In The Steeple" - 2:06
"Revenge" - 2:47
"Bacteria" - 6:30
"Freezing Point" - 2:47
"Powerwalker" - 3:36
"Backwash" - 2:56 | [] | [
"Track listing"
] | [
"Archers of Loaf albums",
"1996 compilation albums",
"Alias Records albums"
] |
projected-20467622-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Speed%20of%20Cattle | The Speed of Cattle | References | The Speed of Cattle is a compilation album recorded by the indie rock band Archers of Loaf. It was recorded in Seattle over a three-week period, the longest the band had taken to record an album at the time. | Category:Archers of Loaf albums
Category:1996 compilation albums
Category:Alias Records albums | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Archers of Loaf albums",
"1996 compilation albums",
"Alias Records albums"
] |
projected-20467627-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neverita%20lewisii | Neverita lewisii | Introduction | Neverita lewisii (previously known as Polinices lewisii, Lunatia lewisii, Euspira lewisii), common name Lewis's moon snail, is a species of large operculated sea snail. It is a predatory marine gastropod in the family Naticidae, the moon snails. Traditionally, this species was assigned to either the genus Lunatia, the genus Polinices or the genus Euspira. Recently, it was assigned to the genus Neverita based on molecular data.
This is the largest species in the family. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Naticidae",
"Gastropods described in 1847"
] | |
projected-20467627-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neverita%20lewisii | Neverita lewisii | Distribution | Neverita lewisii (previously known as Polinices lewisii, Lunatia lewisii, Euspira lewisii), common name Lewis's moon snail, is a species of large operculated sea snail. It is a predatory marine gastropod in the family Naticidae, the moon snails. Traditionally, this species was assigned to either the genus Lunatia, the genus Polinices or the genus Euspira. Recently, it was assigned to the genus Neverita based on molecular data.
This is the largest species in the family. | Neverita lewisii lives in the Eastern Pacific, from British Columbia to northern Baja California, Mexico. | [
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"Euspira lewisii.jpg"
] | [
"Distribution"
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"Naticidae",
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projected-20467627-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neverita%20lewisii | Neverita lewisii | Habitat | Neverita lewisii (previously known as Polinices lewisii, Lunatia lewisii, Euspira lewisii), common name Lewis's moon snail, is a species of large operculated sea snail. It is a predatory marine gastropod in the family Naticidae, the moon snails. Traditionally, this species was assigned to either the genus Lunatia, the genus Polinices or the genus Euspira. Recently, it was assigned to the genus Neverita based on molecular data.
This is the largest species in the family. | This snail is found intertidally and at depths of up to , usually ploughing through the substrate looking for prey. | [] | [
"Habitat"
] | [
"Naticidae",
"Gastropods described in 1847"
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projected-20467627-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neverita%20lewisii | Neverita lewisii | Description | Neverita lewisii (previously known as Polinices lewisii, Lunatia lewisii, Euspira lewisii), common name Lewis's moon snail, is a species of large operculated sea snail. It is a predatory marine gastropod in the family Naticidae, the moon snails. Traditionally, this species was assigned to either the genus Lunatia, the genus Polinices or the genus Euspira. Recently, it was assigned to the genus Neverita based on molecular data.
This is the largest species in the family. | The shell of this species can grow to across, the largest of the moon snails. It has an extremely large foot, which when the snail is active, is extended up over the shell and mantle cavity. Part of the propodium contains a black-tipped siphon which leads water into the mantle cavity. The cephalic tentacles, located on its head, are usually visible above the propodium.
When the animal retracts its soft parts into the shell, a lot of water is expelled, thus it is possible to close the shell with its tight-fitting operculum. | [] | [
"Description"
] | [
"Naticidae",
"Gastropods described in 1847"
] |
projected-20467627-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neverita%20lewisii | Neverita lewisii | Diet | Neverita lewisii (previously known as Polinices lewisii, Lunatia lewisii, Euspira lewisii), common name Lewis's moon snail, is a species of large operculated sea snail. It is a predatory marine gastropod in the family Naticidae, the moon snails. Traditionally, this species was assigned to either the genus Lunatia, the genus Polinices or the genus Euspira. Recently, it was assigned to the genus Neverita based on molecular data.
This is the largest species in the family. | Neverita lewisii feeds mainly on bivalve molluscs by drilling a hole in the shell with its radula and feeding on the organism's soft flesh. | [] | [
"Diet"
] | [
"Naticidae",
"Gastropods described in 1847"
] |
projected-20467627-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neverita%20lewisii | Neverita lewisii | Reproduction | Neverita lewisii (previously known as Polinices lewisii, Lunatia lewisii, Euspira lewisii), common name Lewis's moon snail, is a species of large operculated sea snail. It is a predatory marine gastropod in the family Naticidae, the moon snails. Traditionally, this species was assigned to either the genus Lunatia, the genus Polinices or the genus Euspira. Recently, it was assigned to the genus Neverita based on molecular data.
This is the largest species in the family. | Like other moon snails, this species lays its eggs in a "sand collar". The eggs may number in the thousands and hatch into microscopic larvae which feed on plankton until they undergo torsion and metamorphose into the adult stage. | [] | [
"Reproduction"
] | [
"Naticidae",
"Gastropods described in 1847"
] |
projected-20467627-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neverita%20lewisii | Neverita lewisii | Further reading | Neverita lewisii (previously known as Polinices lewisii, Lunatia lewisii, Euspira lewisii), common name Lewis's moon snail, is a species of large operculated sea snail. It is a predatory marine gastropod in the family Naticidae, the moon snails. Traditionally, this species was assigned to either the genus Lunatia, the genus Polinices or the genus Euspira. Recently, it was assigned to the genus Neverita based on molecular data.
This is the largest species in the family. | Turgeon, D.; Quinn, J.F.; Bogan, A.E.; Coan, E.V.; Hochberg, F.G.; Lyons, W.G.; Mikkelsen, P.M.; Neves, R.J.; Roper, C.F.E.; Rosenberg, G.; Roth, B.; Scheltema, A.; Thompson, F.G.; Vecchione, M.; Williams, J.D. (1998). Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: mollusks. 2nd ed. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, 26. American Fisheries Society: Bethesda, MD (USA). . IX, 526 + cd-rom pp.
Hoehing, D. 2001. "Euspira lewisii" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed December 1, 2008 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Euspira_lewisii.html
Brusca, Richard C., and Brusca, Gary J. Invertebrates. 2nd. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc., 2003.
Nybakken, James W. Diversity of the Invertebrates. Dubuque, IA: Times Mirror Higher Education Group, Inc., 1996.
Lamb, A. and Hanby, B. P. (2005). Marine Life of the Pacific Northwest: A Photographic Encyclopedia of Invertebrates, Seaweeds, and Selected Fishes. Maderia Park, B. C. Harbour Publishing.
Torigoe K. & Inaba A. (2011) Revision on the classification of Recent Naticidae. Bulletin of the Nishinomiya Shell Museum 7: 133 + 15 pp., 4 pls | [] | [
"Further reading"
] | [
"Naticidae",
"Gastropods described in 1847"
] |
projected-20467639-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Salisbury%20%28bishop%29 | John Salisbury (bishop) | Introduction | John Salisbury, O.S.B. (died 1573) was a Welsh clergyman who held high office in the pre- and post-Reformation church in England.
He was the last Abbot of Titchfield; the abbey was dissolved in December 1537. Under the provisions of the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534, he was appointed and consecrated Bishop of Thetford on 19 March 1536. Three years later, he was also appointed Dean of Norwich on 20 August 1539, but in the reign of Queen Mary I, he was deprived of the deanery in early 1554. After the accession of Queen Elizabeth I, he was restored as Dean in 1559. He was also Chancellor of Lincoln Cathedral and Archdeacon of Anglesey.
He was nominated Bishop of Sodor and Man on 27 March 1570, which was confirmed on 7 April 1570. Whilst bishop, he continued to hold the deanery of Norwich "in commendam".
He died in September 1573 and was buried in Norwich Cathedral. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Deans of Norwich",
"Anglican suffragan bishops in the Diocese of Norwich",
"Bishops of Sodor and Man",
"16th-century Church of England bishops",
"People associated with the Dissolution of the Monasteries",
"1573 deaths",
"Year of birth unknown",
"16th-century Welsh Anglican priests",
"Welsh Benedic... | |
projected-20467639-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Salisbury%20%28bishop%29 | John Salisbury (bishop) | References | John Salisbury, O.S.B. (died 1573) was a Welsh clergyman who held high office in the pre- and post-Reformation church in England.
He was the last Abbot of Titchfield; the abbey was dissolved in December 1537. Under the provisions of the Suffragan Bishops Act 1534, he was appointed and consecrated Bishop of Thetford on 19 March 1536. Three years later, he was also appointed Dean of Norwich on 20 August 1539, but in the reign of Queen Mary I, he was deprived of the deanery in early 1554. After the accession of Queen Elizabeth I, he was restored as Dean in 1559. He was also Chancellor of Lincoln Cathedral and Archdeacon of Anglesey.
He was nominated Bishop of Sodor and Man on 27 March 1570, which was confirmed on 7 April 1570. Whilst bishop, he continued to hold the deanery of Norwich "in commendam".
He died in September 1573 and was buried in Norwich Cathedral. | Category:Deans of Norwich
Category:Anglican suffragan bishops in the Diocese of Norwich
Category:Bishops of Sodor and Man
Category:16th-century Church of England bishops
Category:People associated with the Dissolution of the Monasteries
Category:1573 deaths
Category:Year of birth unknown
Category:16th-century Welsh Anglican priests
Category:Welsh Benedictines
Category:Burials at Norwich Cathedral
Category:Archdeacons of Anglesey | [] | [
"References"
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"Deans of Norwich",
"Anglican suffragan bishops in the Diocese of Norwich",
"Bishops of Sodor and Man",
"16th-century Church of England bishops",
"People associated with the Dissolution of the Monasteries",
"1573 deaths",
"Year of birth unknown",
"16th-century Welsh Anglican priests",
"Welsh Benedic... |
projected-20467660-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevan%20Na%C4%91feji | Stevan Nađfeji | Introduction | Stevan Nađfeji (; born August 16, 1979) is a Serbian professional basketball coach and former player. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1979 births",
"Living people",
"BC UNICS players",
"KK Beobanka players",
"KK Igokea players",
"KK Partizan players",
"KK Vizura players",
"KK Dynamic players",
"Kolossos Rodou B.C. players",
"Greek Basket League players",
"Maroussi B.C. players",
"Panionios B.C. players",
"PBC Ural Great p... | |
projected-20467660-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevan%20Na%C4%91feji | Stevan Nađfeji | Playing career | Stevan Nađfeji (; born August 16, 1979) is a Serbian professional basketball coach and former player. | Standing at , he played at the power forward position. During his professional career, Nađfeji has played with: Beobanka, Radnički Beograd, Partizan, Ural Great, Verviers-Pepinster, UNICS Kazan, Panellinios (twice), Vizura, Rethymno, Maroussi, Igokea, Panionios, Kolossos Rodou and Dynamic.
In June 2017, Nađfeji announced his retirement from professional basketball. | [] | [
"Playing career"
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"1979 births",
"Living people",
"BC UNICS players",
"KK Beobanka players",
"KK Igokea players",
"KK Partizan players",
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"KK Dynamic players",
"Kolossos Rodou B.C. players",
"Greek Basket League players",
"Maroussi B.C. players",
"Panionios B.C. players",
"PBC Ural Great p... |
projected-20467660-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevan%20Na%C4%91feji | Stevan Nađfeji | Yugoslavian national team | Stevan Nađfeji (; born August 16, 1979) is a Serbian professional basketball coach and former player. | Nađfeji played with the junior national teams of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He won the bronze medal at the 1996 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship, and the gold medal at the 1998 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship. | [] | [
"Playing career",
"Yugoslavian national team"
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"Living people",
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"KK Beobanka players",
"KK Igokea players",
"KK Partizan players",
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"KK Dynamic players",
"Kolossos Rodou B.C. players",
"Greek Basket League players",
"Maroussi B.C. players",
"Panionios B.C. players",
"PBC Ural Great p... |
projected-20467660-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevan%20Na%C4%91feji | Stevan Nađfeji | Coaching career | Stevan Nađfeji (; born August 16, 1979) is a Serbian professional basketball coach and former player. | On August 7, 2017, Nađfeji was named an assistant coach for the Dynamic. | [] | [
"Coaching career"
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"BC UNICS players",
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"KK Igokea players",
"KK Partizan players",
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"KK Dynamic players",
"Kolossos Rodou B.C. players",
"Greek Basket League players",
"Maroussi B.C. players",
"Panionios B.C. players",
"PBC Ural Great p... |
projected-20467660-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevan%20Na%C4%91feji | Stevan Nađfeji | Personal life | Stevan Nađfeji (; born August 16, 1979) is a Serbian professional basketball coach and former player. | Nađfeji is the younger brother of Aleksandar Nađfeji, who was also a professional basketball player. | [] | [
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"Kolossos Rodou B.C. players",
"Greek Basket League players",
"Maroussi B.C. players",
"Panionios B.C. players",
"PBC Ural Great p... |
projected-44498208-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Michigan%20State%20Spartans%20football%20team | 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team | Introduction | The 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by ninth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 12–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to share the East Division championship with Ohio State. Due to their head-to-head win over Ohio State, they represented the East Division in the Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated West Division champion Iowa to become Big Ten Champions. They finished the season No. 3 in the College Football Playoff rankings and were selected to play in the CFP Semifinals at the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to No. 2 Alabama.
The season was one of the most successful in school history. The Spartans defeated in-state rival Michigan in Ann Arbor after a fumbled snap by Wolverine punter Blake O'Neill was picked up by Jalen Watts-Jackson and returned for a touchdown in the final ten seconds to give Michigan State a 27–23 win. The Spartans defeated Ohio State on the road in Columbus, playing without Connor Cook and relying on the arms of backup QBs Damion Terry and Tyler O'Connor. Michael Geiger would make a 41-yard field goal as time expired to give the Spartans a 17–14 win and to win the East Division. Michigan State would win its third Big Ten Championship in six years after defeating Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, 16–13. The Spartans were selected to play in the College Football Playoff, where they were defeated by eventual National Champion Alabama, 38–0, finishing with a record and achieving their fifth 11-win season in six years. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"2015 Big Ten Conference football season",
"Michigan State Spartans football seasons",
"Big Ten Conference football champion seasons",
"2015 in sports in Michigan"
] | |
projected-44498208-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Michigan%20State%20Spartans%20football%20team | 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team | Previous season | The 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by ninth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 12–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to share the East Division championship with Ohio State. Due to their head-to-head win over Ohio State, they represented the East Division in the Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated West Division champion Iowa to become Big Ten Champions. They finished the season No. 3 in the College Football Playoff rankings and were selected to play in the CFP Semifinals at the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to No. 2 Alabama.
The season was one of the most successful in school history. The Spartans defeated in-state rival Michigan in Ann Arbor after a fumbled snap by Wolverine punter Blake O'Neill was picked up by Jalen Watts-Jackson and returned for a touchdown in the final ten seconds to give Michigan State a 27–23 win. The Spartans defeated Ohio State on the road in Columbus, playing without Connor Cook and relying on the arms of backup QBs Damion Terry and Tyler O'Connor. Michael Geiger would make a 41-yard field goal as time expired to give the Spartans a 17–14 win and to win the East Division. Michigan State would win its third Big Ten Championship in six years after defeating Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, 16–13. The Spartans were selected to play in the College Football Playoff, where they were defeated by eventual National Champion Alabama, 38–0, finishing with a record and achieving their fifth 11-win season in six years. | The Spartans finished the 2014 season 11–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to finish in second place in the East Division behind Ohio State. Michigan State faced Baylor in the 2015 Cotton Bowl, which was part of the new New Year's Six Bowls, where they overcame a 20-point deficit in the fourth quarter to defeat Baylor 42–41. | [] | [
"Previous season"
] | [
"2015 Big Ten Conference football season",
"Michigan State Spartans football seasons",
"Big Ten Conference football champion seasons",
"2015 in sports in Michigan"
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projected-44498208-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Michigan%20State%20Spartans%20football%20team | 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team | 2015 NFL Draft | The 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by ninth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 12–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to share the East Division championship with Ohio State. Due to their head-to-head win over Ohio State, they represented the East Division in the Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated West Division champion Iowa to become Big Ten Champions. They finished the season No. 3 in the College Football Playoff rankings and were selected to play in the CFP Semifinals at the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to No. 2 Alabama.
The season was one of the most successful in school history. The Spartans defeated in-state rival Michigan in Ann Arbor after a fumbled snap by Wolverine punter Blake O'Neill was picked up by Jalen Watts-Jackson and returned for a touchdown in the final ten seconds to give Michigan State a 27–23 win. The Spartans defeated Ohio State on the road in Columbus, playing without Connor Cook and relying on the arms of backup QBs Damion Terry and Tyler O'Connor. Michael Geiger would make a 41-yard field goal as time expired to give the Spartans a 17–14 win and to win the East Division. Michigan State would win its third Big Ten Championship in six years after defeating Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, 16–13. The Spartans were selected to play in the College Football Playoff, where they were defeated by eventual National Champion Alabama, 38–0, finishing with a record and achieving their fifth 11-win season in six years. | Four members of the 2014 Spartan football team were selected in the 2015 NFL Draft
In addition, five other Spartans were signed as undrafted free agents:
Michigan State remained one of only five teams to have had a player selected in each draft since the AFL/NFL merger. | [] | [
"Offseason",
"2015 NFL Draft"
] | [
"2015 Big Ten Conference football season",
"Michigan State Spartans football seasons",
"Big Ten Conference football champion seasons",
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projected-44498208-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Michigan%20State%20Spartans%20football%20team | 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team | Schedule | The 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by ninth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 12–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to share the East Division championship with Ohio State. Due to their head-to-head win over Ohio State, they represented the East Division in the Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated West Division champion Iowa to become Big Ten Champions. They finished the season No. 3 in the College Football Playoff rankings and were selected to play in the CFP Semifinals at the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to No. 2 Alabama.
The season was one of the most successful in school history. The Spartans defeated in-state rival Michigan in Ann Arbor after a fumbled snap by Wolverine punter Blake O'Neill was picked up by Jalen Watts-Jackson and returned for a touchdown in the final ten seconds to give Michigan State a 27–23 win. The Spartans defeated Ohio State on the road in Columbus, playing without Connor Cook and relying on the arms of backup QBs Damion Terry and Tyler O'Connor. Michael Geiger would make a 41-yard field goal as time expired to give the Spartans a 17–14 win and to win the East Division. Michigan State would win its third Big Ten Championship in six years after defeating Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, 16–13. The Spartans were selected to play in the College Football Playoff, where they were defeated by eventual National Champion Alabama, 38–0, finishing with a record and achieving their fifth 11-win season in six years. | Source | [] | [
"Schedule"
] | [
"2015 Big Ten Conference football season",
"Michigan State Spartans football seasons",
"Big Ten Conference football champion seasons",
"2015 in sports in Michigan"
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projected-44498208-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Michigan%20State%20Spartans%20football%20team | 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team | Western Michigan | The 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by ninth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 12–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to share the East Division championship with Ohio State. Due to their head-to-head win over Ohio State, they represented the East Division in the Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated West Division champion Iowa to become Big Ten Champions. They finished the season No. 3 in the College Football Playoff rankings and were selected to play in the CFP Semifinals at the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to No. 2 Alabama.
The season was one of the most successful in school history. The Spartans defeated in-state rival Michigan in Ann Arbor after a fumbled snap by Wolverine punter Blake O'Neill was picked up by Jalen Watts-Jackson and returned for a touchdown in the final ten seconds to give Michigan State a 27–23 win. The Spartans defeated Ohio State on the road in Columbus, playing without Connor Cook and relying on the arms of backup QBs Damion Terry and Tyler O'Connor. Michael Geiger would make a 41-yard field goal as time expired to give the Spartans a 17–14 win and to win the East Division. Michigan State would win its third Big Ten Championship in six years after defeating Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, 16–13. The Spartans were selected to play in the College Football Playoff, where they were defeated by eventual National Champion Alabama, 38–0, finishing with a record and achieving their fifth 11-win season in six years. | Sources:
The Spartans began the 2015 campaign with a rare road game against MAC foe Western Michigan. The last time MSU and Western played, the Spartans required a couple of defensive touchdowns to put the Broncos away in the home opener of the 2013 season, a year in which they won the Big Ten outright and won the Rose Bowl.
After Montae Nicholson intercepted a Zach Terrell pass in Western territory, giving the Spartans excellent field position, the Spartans scored first on a 24-yard Madre London touchdown run. Western Michigan return man and cornerback Darius Phillips returned the ensuing kickoff for a touchdown to tie things up. After another Madre London touchdown run, the Spartans took a 13–7 lead after a failed two-point conversion. Michigan State scored another touchdown on their next possession as Connor Cook found Josiah Price on a nine-yard pass to swell the Spartans' lead to 20–7. Both teams scored in the second quarter, with Michigan State taking a 27–10 lead into halftime.
The Spartans put the nail in the coffin on the opening drive of the second half after a 21-yard pass from Connor Cook to DeAnthony Arnett gave MSU a 24-point lead. Western scored two late touchdowns, but a Vayante Copeland interception in the end zone late in the game put an end to the Broncos' comeback attempt.
Michigan State won, 37–24, winning their seventh straight season opener, improving their record against Western Michigan to 12–2 and their overall record against the Michigan directional colleges to 28–5. The Spartans moved to 1–0 on the season. | [] | [
"Game summaries",
"Western Michigan"
] | [
"2015 Big Ten Conference football season",
"Michigan State Spartans football seasons",
"Big Ten Conference football champion seasons",
"2015 in sports in Michigan"
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projected-44498208-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Michigan%20State%20Spartans%20football%20team | 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team | Oregon | The 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by ninth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 12–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to share the East Division championship with Ohio State. Due to their head-to-head win over Ohio State, they represented the East Division in the Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated West Division champion Iowa to become Big Ten Champions. They finished the season No. 3 in the College Football Playoff rankings and were selected to play in the CFP Semifinals at the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to No. 2 Alabama.
The season was one of the most successful in school history. The Spartans defeated in-state rival Michigan in Ann Arbor after a fumbled snap by Wolverine punter Blake O'Neill was picked up by Jalen Watts-Jackson and returned for a touchdown in the final ten seconds to give Michigan State a 27–23 win. The Spartans defeated Ohio State on the road in Columbus, playing without Connor Cook and relying on the arms of backup QBs Damion Terry and Tyler O'Connor. Michael Geiger would make a 41-yard field goal as time expired to give the Spartans a 17–14 win and to win the East Division. Michigan State would win its third Big Ten Championship in six years after defeating Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, 16–13. The Spartans were selected to play in the College Football Playoff, where they were defeated by eventual National Champion Alabama, 38–0, finishing with a record and achieving their fifth 11-win season in six years. | Sources:
Following their defeat of Western Michigan in the season opener, the Spartans played host to the Oregon Ducks. This was the first Spartan home game featuring two top-10-ranked teams since the 1966 Notre Dame–Michigan State game. This was also a rematch from the year before, where the game was played at Oregon. In that game, despite having a 27–18 lead late in the third quarter, Michigan State fell to the Ducks, 46–27, thanks to the effort of Ducks QB and eventual Heisman Trophy winner Marcus Mariota. Oregon fell to Ohio State in the National Championship game, making Michigan State's only two losses that season come by the hands of the two teams who played for the national championship.
The Ducks struck first after a 13-play, 75-yard drive that culminated with a two-yard Royce Freeman touchdown run. The Spartans answered immediately, as Josiah Price caught a 12-yard pass from Connor Cook, following a 62-yard run from Madre London, to tie the game at 7 apiece. The offenses cooled off after what was looking like the beginning of a shootout. Both offenses traded punts, with Oregon's punter Ian Wheeler giving Michigan State great field position after a shanked 25-yard punt. However, Michigan State were unable to capitalize off of this blunder as Michael Geiger missed a 28-yard field goal. Despite that, Ducks QB Vernon Adams threw an interception two plays later to Montae Nicholson. Six plays later, Connor Cook found Aaron Burbridge over the middle, with Burbridge breaking several tackles on his way to the end zone for a 17-yard catch and run touchdown. Michigan State held a 14–7 lead early in the second quarter. On the ensuing Duck possession, Oregon drove to the Spartan one-yard line before the Michigan State defense made a goal-line stand on both third and fourth down, causing the Ducks to turn the ball over on downs. Neither team scored the remainder of the half, with Vernon Adams and Connor Cook both throwing interceptions. Michigan State took a 14–7 lead into halftime.
The beginning of the second half did not start well for the Spartans, as Oregon WR Bralon Addison returned a punt 81 yards for a touchdown to tie the game at 14. The Spartans answered with an 11-play, 75-yard drive ending with an LJ Scott six-yard touchdown run, again giving the Spartans the lead, 21–14. Several drives later, Michael Geiger made a 36-yard field goal, increasing the lead to 24–14. Oregon had possession of the ball to start the fourth quarter and drove the ball down the field, with Vernon Adams scoring a touchdown on a two-yard run, pulling the Ducks within three points. Michigan State responded quickly with a touchdown of their own after an LJ Scott 36-yard touchdown run, giving the Spartans a 10-point lead, 31–21. The two teams traded possessions until Oregon scored after a 15-yard pass to Royce Freeman brought the Ducks within three again with 3:25 remaining in the game. The Ducks got the ball back after a quick Michigan State possession. Oregon had two minutes to either tie or take the lead. The drive started off well for Oregon, with Royce Freeman ripping off runs of 11 yards and 4 yards, and getting the ball down to the Spartan 33-yard line. However, Vernon Adams overthrew a wide-open Byron Marshall on the following play, which would have given the Ducks the lead late. The Spartans blitzed on third down, with Chris Frey and Lawrence Thomas sacking Adams for a loss of 10. Adams underthrew his receiver on fourth and long and the Spartans took over on downs and ran out the clock, ensuring a 31–28 victory.
Michigan State's 31–28 win over Oregon gave the Spartans a 13–5–1 record in match-ups between two schools ranked in the top 10 of the Associated Press poll. The Spartans moved to 2–0 on the season. | [] | [
"Game summaries",
"Oregon"
] | [
"2015 Big Ten Conference football season",
"Michigan State Spartans football seasons",
"Big Ten Conference football champion seasons",
"2015 in sports in Michigan"
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projected-44498208-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Michigan%20State%20Spartans%20football%20team | 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team | Air Force | The 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by ninth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 12–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to share the East Division championship with Ohio State. Due to their head-to-head win over Ohio State, they represented the East Division in the Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated West Division champion Iowa to become Big Ten Champions. They finished the season No. 3 in the College Football Playoff rankings and were selected to play in the CFP Semifinals at the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to No. 2 Alabama.
The season was one of the most successful in school history. The Spartans defeated in-state rival Michigan in Ann Arbor after a fumbled snap by Wolverine punter Blake O'Neill was picked up by Jalen Watts-Jackson and returned for a touchdown in the final ten seconds to give Michigan State a 27–23 win. The Spartans defeated Ohio State on the road in Columbus, playing without Connor Cook and relying on the arms of backup QBs Damion Terry and Tyler O'Connor. Michael Geiger would make a 41-yard field goal as time expired to give the Spartans a 17–14 win and to win the East Division. Michigan State would win its third Big Ten Championship in six years after defeating Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, 16–13. The Spartans were selected to play in the College Football Playoff, where they were defeated by eventual National Champion Alabama, 38–0, finishing with a record and achieving their fifth 11-win season in six years. | Sources:
After the victory over Oregon, the Spartans hosted the Air Force Academy in the schools' first-ever meeting on the gridiron.
The Spartans scored on their first possession of the game after a 15-yard pass from Connor Cook to Josiah Price put MSU up 7–0, ending a 9-play, 59-yard drive. The following possession saw Air Force drive down to the MSU 39 yard line before Falcon tailback DJ Johnson fumbled the ball. RJ Williamson scooped up the fumble and returned it 64 yards for a touchdown, giving Michigan State a 14–0 lead as the rout appeared to be on its way. Air Force would make up for this error on their next possession, after a Benton Washington 1-yard touchdown run pulled Air Force within 7, putting the score at 14–7 Michigan State at the end of the first quarter. Michigan State dominated the second quarter on both sides of the ball. On the opening possession of the quarter, Michigan State went 87 yards in 10 plays, a drive capped off by a spectacular catch by Aaron Burbridge on a 28-yard pass from Cook. Burbridge would catch another pass from Cook for a touchdown in the final 30 seconds of the half, this time from 32 yards to give the Spartans a 28–7 lead at halftime. The Spartan defense played extremely well in the second quarter, only allowing Air Force to gain 19 yards of offense in the entire quarter.
Michigan State scored again on the opening possession of the second half, as Cook would find Aaron Burbridge for a third time on a 21-yard pass and catch in the endzone, giving MSU a commanding 28 point lead. Air Force would cut the lead to 21 on the ensuing drive after a 38-yard pass from Karson Roberts to Jalen Robinette resulted in a touchdown. Despite Michigan State's offense stalling after their opening possession of the half, the Falcons were unable to get back into the game due turnover issues, committing two turnovers in Spartan territory. Air Force would add a DJ Johnson 2-yard touchdown run with 2:11 remaining in the game to cut the lead to 35–21, but at that point it was too late. The Spartans kneeled out the clock for the victory.
Aaron Burbridge had a career day, catching eight passes for 156 yards and three touchdowns. The last Spartan receiver to catch three touchdown passes in a single game was B.J. Cunningham against Wisconsin during the 2011 season. Connor Cook threw four touchdown passes in a game for the second time in his career. He first accomplished this feat during his first start as a sophomore against Youngstown State. He also earned his 26th career victory as starting QB, overtaking Stanford's Kevin Hogan as college football's active wins leader.
The Spartans moved to 3–0 on the season. | [] | [
"Game summaries",
"Air Force"
] | [
"2015 Big Ten Conference football season",
"Michigan State Spartans football seasons",
"Big Ten Conference football champion seasons",
"2015 in sports in Michigan"
] |
projected-44498208-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Michigan%20State%20Spartans%20football%20team | 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team | Central Michigan | The 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by ninth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 12–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to share the East Division championship with Ohio State. Due to their head-to-head win over Ohio State, they represented the East Division in the Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated West Division champion Iowa to become Big Ten Champions. They finished the season No. 3 in the College Football Playoff rankings and were selected to play in the CFP Semifinals at the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to No. 2 Alabama.
The season was one of the most successful in school history. The Spartans defeated in-state rival Michigan in Ann Arbor after a fumbled snap by Wolverine punter Blake O'Neill was picked up by Jalen Watts-Jackson and returned for a touchdown in the final ten seconds to give Michigan State a 27–23 win. The Spartans defeated Ohio State on the road in Columbus, playing without Connor Cook and relying on the arms of backup QBs Damion Terry and Tyler O'Connor. Michael Geiger would make a 41-yard field goal as time expired to give the Spartans a 17–14 win and to win the East Division. Michigan State would win its third Big Ten Championship in six years after defeating Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, 16–13. The Spartans were selected to play in the College Football Playoff, where they were defeated by eventual National Champion Alabama, 38–0, finishing with a record and achieving their fifth 11-win season in six years. | Sources:
Following their win over Air Force, Michigan State would host Central Michigan. The two teams last met in 2012, a game which the then 11th ranked Spartans won 41–7.
Central drove to the MSU 28-yard line on the opening drive of the game before attempting a 45-yard field goal attempt which would be blocked by Demetrius Cooper. Michigan State scored on a six play, 72-yard drive capped off by a Madre London six-yard touchdown run. Central followed with a 15-play, 54-yard drive that took 8:27 off the clock, only to have a 43-yard field goal attempt blocked again, this time by Shilique Calhoun. Michael Geiger added a 47-yard field goal to the Michigan State lead in the second quarter. Josiah Price added a 5-yard touchdown reception from Connor Cook to give Michigan State a 17–0 lead. Central scored a touchdown on a one-yard pass from Cooper Rush to Anthony Rice just before halftime to cut the lead to 10. Michigan State led 17–7 at halftime.
Central pulled within seven after a successful 47*yard Brian Eavey field goal on their first possession of the half. Neither team was able to put anything together offensively for the rest of the quarter. Heading into the fourth quarter, Michigan State still led 17–10. Michigan State added two late touchdowns, both by Gerald Holmes on runs of three and six yards (after a Central Michigan fumble in MSU territory) respectively to give Michigan State the 30–10 victory. However, the loss was costly as offensive lineman Jack Conklin left the game with a leg injury. With earlier season-ending injuries to linebacker Ed Davis and cornerback Vayante Copeland, the teams injuries began to mount.
Michigan State improved its record against the Michigan directional colleges to 29–5 with the victory. The Spartans moved to 4–0 on the season. | [] | [
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projected-44498208-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Michigan%20State%20Spartans%20football%20team | 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team | Purdue | The 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by ninth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 12–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to share the East Division championship with Ohio State. Due to their head-to-head win over Ohio State, they represented the East Division in the Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated West Division champion Iowa to become Big Ten Champions. They finished the season No. 3 in the College Football Playoff rankings and were selected to play in the CFP Semifinals at the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to No. 2 Alabama.
The season was one of the most successful in school history. The Spartans defeated in-state rival Michigan in Ann Arbor after a fumbled snap by Wolverine punter Blake O'Neill was picked up by Jalen Watts-Jackson and returned for a touchdown in the final ten seconds to give Michigan State a 27–23 win. The Spartans defeated Ohio State on the road in Columbus, playing without Connor Cook and relying on the arms of backup QBs Damion Terry and Tyler O'Connor. Michael Geiger would make a 41-yard field goal as time expired to give the Spartans a 17–14 win and to win the East Division. Michigan State would win its third Big Ten Championship in six years after defeating Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, 16–13. The Spartans were selected to play in the College Football Playoff, where they were defeated by eventual National Champion Alabama, 38–0, finishing with a record and achieving their fifth 11-win season in six years. | Sources:
In their first game of the Big Ten season, MSU hosted Purdue for their fourth straight home game to start the season and as the newly ranked No. 2 team in the country. MSU jumped out to an early 21–0 lead on Purdue in the first 17 minutes of the game and the game appeared to be over. The Spartans were led by two touchdown runs by LJ Scott and looked to be on their way to another rout. Near the end of the first half, Jack Conklin's replacement was forced to leave the game with an apparent knee injury. At halftime, the school celebrated the 50th anniversary of the 1965 national championship team. However, as the second half began, the rain began to fall. MSU's first three possessions of the second half ended with two punts and a turnover as Purdue narrowed the lead to 21–14 early in the third quarter. A 30-yard MSU field preceded another Purdue touchdown to draw the game even closer, 24–21. A punt by MSU led to Purdue having an opportunity to tie or take the lead, but MSU's defense stiffened in time.
The win moved Cook into first place in career wins at Michigan State with 28. The Spartans moved to 5–0 on the season. | [] | [
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projected-44498208-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Michigan%20State%20Spartans%20football%20team | 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team | Rutgers | The 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by ninth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 12–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to share the East Division championship with Ohio State. Due to their head-to-head win over Ohio State, they represented the East Division in the Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated West Division champion Iowa to become Big Ten Champions. They finished the season No. 3 in the College Football Playoff rankings and were selected to play in the CFP Semifinals at the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to No. 2 Alabama.
The season was one of the most successful in school history. The Spartans defeated in-state rival Michigan in Ann Arbor after a fumbled snap by Wolverine punter Blake O'Neill was picked up by Jalen Watts-Jackson and returned for a touchdown in the final ten seconds to give Michigan State a 27–23 win. The Spartans defeated Ohio State on the road in Columbus, playing without Connor Cook and relying on the arms of backup QBs Damion Terry and Tyler O'Connor. Michael Geiger would make a 41-yard field goal as time expired to give the Spartans a 17–14 win and to win the East Division. Michigan State would win its third Big Ten Championship in six years after defeating Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, 16–13. The Spartans were selected to play in the College Football Playoff, where they were defeated by eventual National Champion Alabama, 38–0, finishing with a record and achieving their fifth 11-win season in six years. | Sources:
A week after staving off a furious Purdue comeback attempt, the Spartans went on the road for the first time all season to Piscataway, New Jersey to face Rutgers, a program in their second year of Big Ten membership, and a team the Spartans dominated the year prior, 45–3. Prior to the game Rutgers's star wide receiver, Leonte Carroo, was reinstated to the team after serving a two-game suspension.
Neither offense got any sort of momentum going for a majority of the first quarter. Michigan State received great field position after a bad Rutgers punt of 19 yards. The Spartans moved the ball down to the Rutgers 18 yard line, but a Michael Geiger field goal attempt of 35 yards was blocked. After trading possessions, Michigan State finally put a sustained drive together, which included a fourth and 10 conversion after a 25-yard pass from Connor Cook to Aaron Burbridge. The drive concluded on an eight-yard pass from Connor Cook to Macgarrett Kings which resulted in the game's first touchdown with 1:46 remaining in the quarter. Michigan State led 7–0 at the end of one.
Rutgers responded quickly, scoring on a 4 play, 78 yard drive to tie the game at seven after a Chris Laviano pass to Leonte Carroo for five yards. Later after a shanked Jake Hartbarger punt, Rutgers received great field position on their next possession, and only needed two plays to take a 14–7 lead on a Leonte Carroo 39 yard touchdown reception. Michigan State pulled within four point on their next possession after a successful Michael Geiger 30-yard field goal try. The Spartans had the opportunity to take the lead before halftime, driving the ball all the way to the Rutgers eight yard line, but Connor Cook threw an interception in the back of the endzone with a little over a minute left in the half. It was only his second interception of the season. Rutgers led 14–10 at the half.
The Michigan State offense came out on fire in the second half, scoring touchdowns on their first two possessions of the half; the first score coming off of a LJ Scott one yard touchdown run and the second the result of a DeAnthony Arnett 25-yard touchdown reception. Michigan State held a 24–14 lead midway through the third quarter and seemed to have the game in hand. However, Rutgers scored late in the third quarter with 49 seconds remaining on a Chris Laviano 28-yard touchdown pass to Leonte Carroo. Michigan State led 24–21 lead going into the fourth quarter.
After a stalled possession, Jake Hartbarger pinned Rutgers down at their own five yard line. Rutgers went on a time-consuming, 16 play, 91 yard drive that took eight minutes off the clock, with Kyle Federico making a 22-yard field goal attempt to tie the game at 24. Michigan State received the ball with 4:08 remaining in the game. On third and nine, Cook completed a 29-yard pass to R.J. Shelton. LJ Scott had runs of six and two yards respectively on the following plays. On third and two, Aaron Burbridge received the ball on a reverse and ran for 10 yards to the Rutgers 28 yard line. LJ Scott moved the ball to the Rutgers three yard line after a 16-yard run. One play later he would score, giving Michigan State a 31–24 lead with 43 seconds remaining. Rutgers received the ball at their own 35 yard line. On third and 10 Chris Laviano completed a 25-yard pass to Andre Patton, moving the ball into Michigan State territory at the 40-yard line. Several plays later on third down, Malik McDowell sacked Laviano for a loss of 10. Rutgers, having no timeouts left and the clock running, only had time for one play, presumably a Hail Mary pass. On fourth down however, Laviano, unaware of what down it was, took the snap and spiked the ball to stop the clock turning the ball over to Michigan State on downs. Michigan State kneeled out the clock, giving them another close game, with a 31–24 victory.
The Spartans moved to 6–0 on the season. | [] | [
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projected-44498208-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Michigan%20State%20Spartans%20football%20team | 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team | Michigan | The 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by ninth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 12–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to share the East Division championship with Ohio State. Due to their head-to-head win over Ohio State, they represented the East Division in the Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated West Division champion Iowa to become Big Ten Champions. They finished the season No. 3 in the College Football Playoff rankings and were selected to play in the CFP Semifinals at the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to No. 2 Alabama.
The season was one of the most successful in school history. The Spartans defeated in-state rival Michigan in Ann Arbor after a fumbled snap by Wolverine punter Blake O'Neill was picked up by Jalen Watts-Jackson and returned for a touchdown in the final ten seconds to give Michigan State a 27–23 win. The Spartans defeated Ohio State on the road in Columbus, playing without Connor Cook and relying on the arms of backup QBs Damion Terry and Tyler O'Connor. Michael Geiger would make a 41-yard field goal as time expired to give the Spartans a 17–14 win and to win the East Division. Michigan State would win its third Big Ten Championship in six years after defeating Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, 16–13. The Spartans were selected to play in the College Football Playoff, where they were defeated by eventual National Champion Alabama, 38–0, finishing with a record and achieving their fifth 11-win season in six years. | Sources:
Following a closer than expected string of wins, the Spartans, ranked No. 7 in the country, faced in-state rival Michigan, ranked No. 12 in the country. The game was played in Ann Arbor, Michigan for the first time since 2012 which also marked the last time MSU lost to Michigan. Coming into this contest, the Spartans had defeated the Wolverines six of the last seven times the two teams have played. Despite Michigan State being ranked higher than Michigan, Michigan was favored by 6 1/2 points, with the program seeing something of a rejuvenation under head coach Jim Harbaugh. Michigan also came into the game touting the No. 2 total defense in the nation, and were riding a three-game shutout streak, with shutout victories over BYU, Maryland, and Northwestern.
The first quarter was a defensive struggle, as both the Spartan and Wolverine defenses stood tall. Michigan State was able to move the ball effectively near the end of the quarter, driving all the way down to the Michigan 28 yard line, but turned the ball over on downs following a failed fourth down conversion attempt. Michigan took a 7–0 lead during the opening minutes of the second quarter on a Sione Houma two-yard touchdown run, capping off an eight play, 72-yard drive. Several drives later during a Spartan possession, Michigan senior linebacker and team captain Joe Bolden was penalized for targeting during a Connor Cook run of six yards. The call was affirmed by replay and Bolden was ejected for the remainder of the game. Two plays later, LJ Scott scored on an 11-yard scamper to tie the game at seven apiece, snapping Michigan's aforementioned three game shutout streak. Michigan took back the lead on the ensuing possession after a Kenny Allen 38-yard field goal gave them a 10–7 lead going into halftime.
Michigan scored on the opening possession of the second half after several goal line attempts from the Michigan State one yard line where the officials could not determine whether Sione Houma broke the plane of the goalline. It took the officials several seconds on the final attempt to blow the play dead and determine that Houma did in fact score, giving Michigan a 17–7 lead. Michigan State scored less than three minutes later after Macgarrett Kings caught a 30-yard pass from Connor Cook to pull the Spartans within three. Michigan added to its lead with a Kenny Allen 21-yard field goal. At the beginning of the fourth quarter, MSU failed to convert on fourth down for the second time after Macgarrett Kings dropped a pass that would have given the Spartans a first down. The Wolverines added another field goal to their lead a few possessions later, expanding the score to 23–14. Michigan State responded immediately on a drive that only took 29 seconds off the clock, as Connor Cook found a wide open Trevon Pendleton, who caught the ball and ran all the way to the Michigan one-yard line. The play was originally called a touchdown, however after review, it was deemed Pendleton was down at the one. LJ Scott ran the ball in for the score a play later, pulling MSU within two points. The pass from Cook to Pendleton was the longest offensive play all year for the Spartans (74 yards), and was Pendleton's first catch all season. The last reception he had was against Purdue for 2 yards the previous season.
Both defenses dominated during the final nine minutes of the game, as both offenses struggled to move the ball. With less than five minutes remaining in the game, Michigan State received the ball at their own 28-yard line. After an offsides penalty was called against Michigan, Cook was sacked by Willie Henry for a loss of 10. Cook found Aaron Burbridge for 25 yards for the first down. Several plays later, after MSU had advanced the ball into Michigan territory, Henry sacked Cook again on first down for a loss of 9 yards. Several plays later, facing a fourth and 19 with less than two minutes left on the clock, Cook was forced to throw an errant pass due to pressure from Michigan's d-line, failing to convert on fourth down for a third time. Michigan received the ball on downs and forced MSU to use their final timeout with 1:42 remaining in the game. On third and three, the Spartan defense stopped Michigan, preventing them from running out the clock with a first down. What followed was perhaps one of the most bizarre and unlikely endings to a football game. Facing a fourth and two, Michigan lined up to punt the ball with 10 seconds left on the game clock. Punter Blake O'Neill earlier had booted an 80-yard punt and had played well all game. However, after receiving a low snap, O'Neill had trouble with the snap and the ball was free. It was picked up by Michigan State's Jalen Watts-Jackson, and he scored on the last play of the game to give Michigan State the win, 27–23.
With Michigan State's College Football Playoff hopes remaining intact, the Spartans improved their record to 7–0 for the first time since the 2010 season. For just the fourth time in the past 46 games, the team with the fewest rushing yards came out with a victory. Michigan rushed for 62 yards, while MSU ran for 58 yards. MSU Coach Mark Dantonio not only improved his record against Michigan to 7–2, but also earned his 100th career coaching victory. Michigan State outgained Michigan 386–230, and also had 20 first downs to Michigan's 10. Connor Cook threw for 328 yards and a touchdown, while Aaron Burbridge caught 9 passes for 132 yards, his fifth 100 yard receiving game on the season. Defensively, Shilique Calhoun recorded two sacks and was named Big Ten Defensive Player of the Week. The hero for the Spartans, Jalen Watts-Jackson, injured his hip on the game-winning play and required season ending surgery afterwards. The injury was not deemed career threatening. | [] | [
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projected-44498208-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Michigan%20State%20Spartans%20football%20team | 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team | Indiana | The 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by ninth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 12–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to share the East Division championship with Ohio State. Due to their head-to-head win over Ohio State, they represented the East Division in the Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated West Division champion Iowa to become Big Ten Champions. They finished the season No. 3 in the College Football Playoff rankings and were selected to play in the CFP Semifinals at the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to No. 2 Alabama.
The season was one of the most successful in school history. The Spartans defeated in-state rival Michigan in Ann Arbor after a fumbled snap by Wolverine punter Blake O'Neill was picked up by Jalen Watts-Jackson and returned for a touchdown in the final ten seconds to give Michigan State a 27–23 win. The Spartans defeated Ohio State on the road in Columbus, playing without Connor Cook and relying on the arms of backup QBs Damion Terry and Tyler O'Connor. Michael Geiger would make a 41-yard field goal as time expired to give the Spartans a 17–14 win and to win the East Division. Michigan State would win its third Big Ten Championship in six years after defeating Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, 16–13. The Spartans were selected to play in the College Football Playoff, where they were defeated by eventual National Champion Alabama, 38–0, finishing with a record and achieving their fifth 11-win season in six years. | Sources:
The Spartans moved to 8–0 on the season. | [] | [
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projected-44498208-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Michigan%20State%20Spartans%20football%20team | 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team | Nebraska | The 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by ninth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 12–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to share the East Division championship with Ohio State. Due to their head-to-head win over Ohio State, they represented the East Division in the Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated West Division champion Iowa to become Big Ten Champions. They finished the season No. 3 in the College Football Playoff rankings and were selected to play in the CFP Semifinals at the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to No. 2 Alabama.
The season was one of the most successful in school history. The Spartans defeated in-state rival Michigan in Ann Arbor after a fumbled snap by Wolverine punter Blake O'Neill was picked up by Jalen Watts-Jackson and returned for a touchdown in the final ten seconds to give Michigan State a 27–23 win. The Spartans defeated Ohio State on the road in Columbus, playing without Connor Cook and relying on the arms of backup QBs Damion Terry and Tyler O'Connor. Michael Geiger would make a 41-yard field goal as time expired to give the Spartans a 17–14 win and to win the East Division. Michigan State would win its third Big Ten Championship in six years after defeating Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, 16–13. The Spartans were selected to play in the College Football Playoff, where they were defeated by eventual National Champion Alabama, 38–0, finishing with a record and achieving their fifth 11-win season in six years. | Sources:
Nebraska handed Michigan State their only loss of the regular season due to a controversial touchdown. Nebraska receiver Brandon Reilly stepped out of bounds, but reestablished himself as a player and caught the touchdown pass. The officials ruled that he was forced out of bounds and gave Nebraska the touchdown. Michigan State tried to get into field goal range to kick a field goal that would win them the game, but failed to do so. At the last second, Connor Cook (surrounded by Nebraska defenders) threw the ball incomplete into the end zone to avoid being sacked and Nebraska upset the Spartans 39–38.
The loss gave MSU its first loss of the season falling to 8–1. | [] | [
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projected-44498208-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Michigan%20State%20Spartans%20football%20team | 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team | Maryland | The 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by ninth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 12–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to share the East Division championship with Ohio State. Due to their head-to-head win over Ohio State, they represented the East Division in the Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated West Division champion Iowa to become Big Ten Champions. They finished the season No. 3 in the College Football Playoff rankings and were selected to play in the CFP Semifinals at the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to No. 2 Alabama.
The season was one of the most successful in school history. The Spartans defeated in-state rival Michigan in Ann Arbor after a fumbled snap by Wolverine punter Blake O'Neill was picked up by Jalen Watts-Jackson and returned for a touchdown in the final ten seconds to give Michigan State a 27–23 win. The Spartans defeated Ohio State on the road in Columbus, playing without Connor Cook and relying on the arms of backup QBs Damion Terry and Tyler O'Connor. Michael Geiger would make a 41-yard field goal as time expired to give the Spartans a 17–14 win and to win the East Division. Michigan State would win its third Big Ten Championship in six years after defeating Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, 16–13. The Spartans were selected to play in the College Football Playoff, where they were defeated by eventual National Champion Alabama, 38–0, finishing with a record and achieving their fifth 11-win season in six years. | Sources:
After a controversial loss on the road against Nebraska, Michigan State fell out of the top 10 for the first time all season and were looking to bounce back at home against a Maryland team that so far had gone winless in conference play.
Offensively, the Spartans struggled, as Connor Cook injured his shoulder during the first quarter and Tyler O'Connor had to play in relief. After Malik McDowell forced a Maryland fumble which was recovered by Damon Knox at the MD 48 yard line, O'Connor led the offense to a touchdown his first possession in on a 10-yard pass to Macgarrett Kings, capping off a 10 play, 50 yard drive. Maryland would respond with a touchdown of their own on their next possession, driving 91 yards in 10 plays, tying the game at 7 apiece on a Brandon Ross 1 yard touchdown run. With just over 2 minutes remaining in the half, Riley Bullough intercepted a Perry Hillis pass and returned it 44 yards for a touchdown, giving MSU a 14–7 lead. Several possessions later, Maryland would send in backup QB Caleb Rowe after Perry Hillis failed to get much going offensively for the Terrapins; Rowe would be intercepted by Arjen Colquhoun at the Maryland 20 yard line. Two quick Connor Cook pass completions to Aaron Burbridge and Josiah Price got MSU down to the Maryland 17 yard line before Michael Geiger made a 35-yard field goal as time expired, giving Michigan State a 17–7 lead at the half.
Tyler O'Connor would takeover as quarterback in the 2nd half as Connor Cook's injury prevented him from playing. After the defense forced a 3 and out on Maryland's opening drive, Michigan State's offense embarked on an 11 play, 62 yard drive where Gerald Holmes received 9 carries, rushing for 45 yards on the drive, including a 3-yard touchdown run that extended Michigan State's lead to 24–7. The remainder of the game was a defensive struggle, as Maryland would drive into Michigan State territory on three of their last four possessions, but would commit turnovers on all three of those possessions (fumble, turnover on downs, and an interception). Michigan State would run out the clock after Montae Nicholson picked off Caleb Rowe and returned the ball to the MSU 45 yard line.
The two teams combined to commit 8 turnovers, 3 by Michigan State, and 5 by Maryland. The Michigan State defense would force all 5 of those Maryland turnovers (3 interceptions, 2 fumbles), recorded its 2nd defensive touchdown of the season, and had 3 sacks. Michigan State improved to 9–1 (5–1 in conference play) on the season. | [] | [
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projected-44498208-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Michigan%20State%20Spartans%20football%20team | 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team | Ohio State | The 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by ninth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 12–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to share the East Division championship with Ohio State. Due to their head-to-head win over Ohio State, they represented the East Division in the Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated West Division champion Iowa to become Big Ten Champions. They finished the season No. 3 in the College Football Playoff rankings and were selected to play in the CFP Semifinals at the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to No. 2 Alabama.
The season was one of the most successful in school history. The Spartans defeated in-state rival Michigan in Ann Arbor after a fumbled snap by Wolverine punter Blake O'Neill was picked up by Jalen Watts-Jackson and returned for a touchdown in the final ten seconds to give Michigan State a 27–23 win. The Spartans defeated Ohio State on the road in Columbus, playing without Connor Cook and relying on the arms of backup QBs Damion Terry and Tyler O'Connor. Michael Geiger would make a 41-yard field goal as time expired to give the Spartans a 17–14 win and to win the East Division. Michigan State would win its third Big Ten Championship in six years after defeating Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, 16–13. The Spartans were selected to play in the College Football Playoff, where they were defeated by eventual National Champion Alabama, 38–0, finishing with a record and achieving their fifth 11-win season in six years. | Sources:
The Spartans would be without senior QB Connor Cook (who was still recovering from the shoulder injury he had suffered the week prior against Maryland) going into their toughest road game of the season at #2 Ohio State, who were riding a 23-game win streak heading into the contest. The Buckeyes handed the Spartans one of their only 2 losses the previous season, and if Michigan State wanted to keep its goal of winning the Big Ten and securing a potential College Football Playoff spot alive, they had to win in Columbus. The weather conditions were cold and wet, which would make throwing the football a difficult task. Although Cook was seen dressed and warming up on the sidelines before the game began, the Spartans ultimately would employ a 2-QB system with both back-up QBs Tyler O'Connor and Damion Terry receiving playing time throughout the game.
Neither team would be able to score in the first quarter, with both defenses stifling the opposing offenses and forcing punts throughout the quarter. Michigan State would have the ball early in the 2nd quarter and would move the ball to near mid-field (MSU 44 yard line) before a sack on Damion Terry by Sam Hubbard would force the ball loose and fellow Ohio State defensive lineman Adolphus Washington would recover the fumble in MSU territory. 10 plays later, Ohio State would score the first points of the game on an Ezekiel Elliott 1 yard run, giving the Buckeyes a touchdown lead early in the 2nd quarter. However, the Spartans would answer on their ensuing offensive possession, driving 75 yards in 9 plays on a drive that featured two big passes from Tyler O'Connor, the first one being a 36-yard completion to Aaron Burbridge on 3rd and 14 that kept the drive alive, and a 12-yard pass to Trevon Pendleton that resulted in a touchdown, tying the game 7–7 midway through the half. After the MSU defense forced a quick 3 and out on the next OSU possession, a poor Cameron Johnston punt that only netted 5 yards would give MSU the ball at the Ohio State 23 yard line. Despite the favorable field position, the Spartan offense could not move the ball at all, and Michael Geiger would miss a 43-yard field goal attempt that would have given Michigan State a 3-point lead. That would end the scoring chances for either team for the remainder of the half, as both offenses would struggle to put a solid drive together. The game was tied 7–7 at the half.
Both offenses would continue to struggle well into the 3rd quarter until a muffed punt by Macgarrett Kings would be recovered by Ohio State at the Michigan State 6 yard line. Ohio State would waste little time taking advantage of the Spartans second turnover, as J. T. Barrett throw a touchdown pass to Jalin Marshall on the first play of the possession to give the Buckeyes a 14–7 lead with just over 3 minutes left to play in the quarter. Needing an answer on offense following a disastrous turnover on special teams, the Spartans began their next possession on their own 25 yard line and would move the ball to the OSU 34 yard line before the 3rd quarter came to the end. After a long, 13 play, 75 yard drive that extended into the 4th quarter, Michigan State would tie the score at 14–14 on a Gerald Holmes 2 yard touchdown run. The game would then turn into a battle of field position, as after an Ohio State drive sputtered out near mid-field, Cameron Johnston would pin the Michigan State offense at their own 4 yard line. The Spartan offense would dig themselves out of the hole on the first play, as LJ Scott would break through the middle for a 20-yard run, moving the ball to the MSU 24 yard line. MSU would move the ball all the way to their own 42 yard line before being forced to punt; Jake Hartbarger would pin Ohio State at their own 7 yard line. The Michigan State defense would force Ohio State to punt out of their own end-zone after the Buckeyes could only muster 4 yards on what would be their final offensive possession. On the punt attempt, Malik McDowell would get a hand on the ball, causing the punt to only net 37 yards and setting up the offense with favorable field position at the Ohio State 48 yard line. Needing only a field goal to win the game, Michigan State would begin their final drive with a little over 4 minutes remaining in the game. Using the run game to run time off the clock to ensure that regardless of the outcome of the drive, Ohio State would have no time left to score, the offense drove all the way to the OSU 23 yard line, using their final timeout with 3 seconds left on the clock to set up a Michael Geiger field goal attempt to win the game. Ohio State head coach Urban Meyer would use a timeout in an attempt to ice the kicker, but it would not have the desired effect as Geiger would convert on a 41-yard field goal attempt as the clock expired, giving Michigan State a 17–14 win.
Despite playing two backups at the QB position, Michigan State would snap Ohio State's 23-game winning streak on Senior day in Columbus; this would be the second time the Spartans would pull off such a feat, as two years prior MSU had snapped an Ohio State 24-game winning streak after beating the Buckeyes in the Big Ten Championship Game. Additionally, this was also the first time under Urban Meyer that Ohio State had lost a regular season conference game. Tyler O'Connor would finish the game completing 7/12 passes for 91 yards and a touchdown, however the running game was the prevailing theme of the day as LJ Scott and Gerald Holmes carried the brunt of the load, combining for 27 carries, 123 yards, and 1 touchdown; as a team they rushed for 203 yards. The Spartan offense also dominated the time of possession, controlling the ball for 38:10. The Michigan State defense held Ohio State to five first downs and 132 yards of total offense (86 rushing, 46 passing). The Buckeyes had six three-and-outs. The 132 yards were the fewest by an Urban Meyer-coached team and the fewest allowed by MSU since Illinois had 128 yards on Oct. 26, 2013. It was also the fewest total yards for a Buckeye team since 1999 (79 vs. Michigan State). Ohio State entered the game ranked first in the Big Ten in scoring offense (36.4 points per game) and rushing offense (244.8 yards per game) and second in total offense (453.3 yards per game). With the win, the Spartans took control of the East Division and only needed to defeat Penn State the following week to secure a 3rd appearance in the Big Ten Championship Game. | [] | [
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"2015 in sports in Michigan"
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projected-44498208-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Michigan%20State%20Spartans%20football%20team | 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team | Penn State | The 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by ninth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 12–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to share the East Division championship with Ohio State. Due to their head-to-head win over Ohio State, they represented the East Division in the Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated West Division champion Iowa to become Big Ten Champions. They finished the season No. 3 in the College Football Playoff rankings and were selected to play in the CFP Semifinals at the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to No. 2 Alabama.
The season was one of the most successful in school history. The Spartans defeated in-state rival Michigan in Ann Arbor after a fumbled snap by Wolverine punter Blake O'Neill was picked up by Jalen Watts-Jackson and returned for a touchdown in the final ten seconds to give Michigan State a 27–23 win. The Spartans defeated Ohio State on the road in Columbus, playing without Connor Cook and relying on the arms of backup QBs Damion Terry and Tyler O'Connor. Michael Geiger would make a 41-yard field goal as time expired to give the Spartans a 17–14 win and to win the East Division. Michigan State would win its third Big Ten Championship in six years after defeating Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, 16–13. The Spartans were selected to play in the College Football Playoff, where they were defeated by eventual National Champion Alabama, 38–0, finishing with a record and achieving their fifth 11-win season in six years. | Sources:
After defeating Ohio State the previous week on a last second Michael Geiger field goal, Michigan State controlled its destiny in the Big Ten East division. All they needed to do was defeat rival Penn State, and they would play Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game. The Spartans defeated the Nittany Lions the year before 34–10 on their way to receiving a bid to the Cotton Bowl.
Penn State's first possession was cut short as a Christian Hackenberg pass was intercepted in the end zone by MSU DB Arjen Colquhoun. Connor Cook and the Spartan offense would take advantage of the turnover, scoring on a 9 play, 80 yard drive which ended with a R.J. Shelton 29 yard touchdown reception, giving Michigan State an early touchdown lead. Michael Geiger would miss the extra point, only the 4th missed extra point attempt of his career. Neither team would score the remainder of the quarter. In the 2nd quarter, Penn State would score a field goal after being stopped at the MSU 1 yard line on 2nd and 3rd down, pulling them within 3. On the next Penn State possession, the Spartan defense would give the offense favorable field position after a Malik McDowell sack of Christian Hackenberg on 3rd and 7 with just over 10 minutes left in the half resulted in a loss of 10 yards, causing Penn State to punt from their own 5 yard line. 6 plays later, Gerald Holmes would score a touchdown on a 6-yard run, giving Michigan State a 13–6 lead with 7 minutes remaining in the half. The next Penn State possession ended in disaster for the Nittany Lions after Kyle Carter fumbled on a 10-yard reception that would have given Penn State a 1st down at the MSU 23 yard line. Instead, Demetrious Cox would scoop up the fumble and return it 77 yards for a touchdown, giving Michigan State a 20–3 lead late in the first half. Penn State would recover with a 10 play, 67 yard touchdown drive, capped off by a Chris Godwin 8 yard touchdown reception, cutting the lead to 20–10 at halftime.
The Michigan State offense would score a touchdown on the opening drive of the second half with a tremendous individual effort from Aaron Burbridge on a 29-yard pass from Connor Cook, where Burbridge was forced out of bounds, re-established position in bounds, made the catch, stayed on his feet, made 2 spin moves, and broke several tackles to get into the end zone, giving Michigan State a 27–10 lead with a little under 12 minutes to play in the third quarter. The Spartans added another touchdown to their lead on their next possession, as they drove the ball 69 yards in 12 plays, with Connor Cook throwing his third touchdown pass of the game to Josiah Price to enlarge the lead to 34–10. Penn State scored a touchdown on their next possession after a Saed Blacknall 77-yard reception (in which Demetrious Cox knocked the ball out of his hands from behind and nearly recovered it) put PSU in the red zone where Christian Hackenberg threw his second touchdown pass of the game to Saquon Barkley. They would go for 2 but fail, putting the score at 34–16. This would be the last time Penn State would score; Michigan State would add 3 more touchdowns, which included a LJ Scott 6 yard touchdown run, a Malik McDowell pick-six returned for 13 yards, and after Penn State fumbled on a kickoff return, a 9-yard touchdown run by Senior center Jack Allen. Michigan State would win in blowout fashion, 55–16, in the process securing the Big Ten East Division.
With the victory, Michigan State won their third division title, (two Legends Division titles, one East Division title) and went on to play Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, tying Wisconsin for most appearances in the championship game at 3. Dating back to 2010, this was Michigan State's third straight win over the Nittany Lions, with the rivalry seeing a three-year hiatus during the 2011, 2012, and 2013 seasons. Connor Cook threw for 3 touchdowns for the 10th time in his career.
The Spartans moved to 11–1 on the season. | [] | [
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"Penn State"
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"2015 Big Ten Conference football season",
"Michigan State Spartans football seasons",
"Big Ten Conference football champion seasons",
"2015 in sports in Michigan"
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projected-44498208-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Michigan%20State%20Spartans%20football%20team | 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team | Iowa (Big Ten Championship Game) | The 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by ninth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 12–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to share the East Division championship with Ohio State. Due to their head-to-head win over Ohio State, they represented the East Division in the Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated West Division champion Iowa to become Big Ten Champions. They finished the season No. 3 in the College Football Playoff rankings and were selected to play in the CFP Semifinals at the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to No. 2 Alabama.
The season was one of the most successful in school history. The Spartans defeated in-state rival Michigan in Ann Arbor after a fumbled snap by Wolverine punter Blake O'Neill was picked up by Jalen Watts-Jackson and returned for a touchdown in the final ten seconds to give Michigan State a 27–23 win. The Spartans defeated Ohio State on the road in Columbus, playing without Connor Cook and relying on the arms of backup QBs Damion Terry and Tyler O'Connor. Michael Geiger would make a 41-yard field goal as time expired to give the Spartans a 17–14 win and to win the East Division. Michigan State would win its third Big Ten Championship in six years after defeating Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, 16–13. The Spartans were selected to play in the College Football Playoff, where they were defeated by eventual National Champion Alabama, 38–0, finishing with a record and achieving their fifth 11-win season in six years. | The Spartans faced Iowa in the Big Ten Championship, marking MSU's third appearance in the five Championship games held. A defensive struggle throughout which including an interception of a C.J. Beathard pass in the end zone by Demetrious Cox, saw only field goals in the first half as Iowa took a 6–3 lead. Defense continued in the second half as MSU added two more field goals to take a 9–6 lead. However, Iowa struck with a big play on the first play of the fourth quarter when Beathard hit Tevaun Smith on an 85-yard pass and catch for a touchdown. The score put Iowa up 13–9. Both teams punted on their next possession and MSU took over at their own 18 yard line with 9:31 left in the game. The Spartans engineered a 22 play, 82 yard, 9:04 drive to score a touchdown on an LJ Scott one yard run with 27 seconds remaining in the game. The dive by Scott gave the Spartans a 16–13 lead. On the drive, the longest drive of the season for the Spartans, MSU ran the ball on 17 of the 22 plays, Scott with 14 of the rushes. MSU's defense stymied Iowa on the final drive of the game and the Spartans won their second Big Ten Championship in the three years.
The Spartans moved to 12–1 on the season. Following the game, MSU was awarded the No. 3 seed in the College Football Playoff to face Alabama. | [] | [
"Game summaries",
"Iowa (Big Ten Championship Game)"
] | [
"2015 Big Ten Conference football season",
"Michigan State Spartans football seasons",
"Big Ten Conference football champion seasons",
"2015 in sports in Michigan"
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projected-44498208-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Michigan%20State%20Spartans%20football%20team | 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team | CFP Playoff: Alabama (College Football Playoff at the Cotton Bowl Classic) | The 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by ninth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 12–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to share the East Division championship with Ohio State. Due to their head-to-head win over Ohio State, they represented the East Division in the Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated West Division champion Iowa to become Big Ten Champions. They finished the season No. 3 in the College Football Playoff rankings and were selected to play in the CFP Semifinals at the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to No. 2 Alabama.
The season was one of the most successful in school history. The Spartans defeated in-state rival Michigan in Ann Arbor after a fumbled snap by Wolverine punter Blake O'Neill was picked up by Jalen Watts-Jackson and returned for a touchdown in the final ten seconds to give Michigan State a 27–23 win. The Spartans defeated Ohio State on the road in Columbus, playing without Connor Cook and relying on the arms of backup QBs Damion Terry and Tyler O'Connor. Michael Geiger would make a 41-yard field goal as time expired to give the Spartans a 17–14 win and to win the East Division. Michigan State would win its third Big Ten Championship in six years after defeating Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, 16–13. The Spartans were selected to play in the College Football Playoff, where they were defeated by eventual National Champion Alabama, 38–0, finishing with a record and achieving their fifth 11-win season in six years. | After Oklahoma lost to Clemson 37–17 in the Orange Bowl Semifinal, Michigan State was throttled by Alabama 38–0 in the Cotton Bowl Classic Semifinal. A tight first half saw Alabama take a 10–0 lead into halftime. Near the end of the second quarter, Michigan State had its best drive of the night, but all-time winningest MSU quarterback, Connor Cook, was intercepted by Cyrus Jones. Alabama scored a touchdown on the opening possession of the second half and MSU turned the ball over on its first possession. Alabama could not capitalize on the turnover, but did return MSU's next punt for a touchdown, putting the game out of reach at 24–0 with a little over three minutes remaining in the third quarter. MSU's offense could not muster any points and were held to a total of 249 yards. Cook finished the night with zero touchdowns and two interceptions.
Alabama would go on to defeat Clemson 45–40 for the 2016 College Football Playoff National Championship. | [] | [
"Game summaries",
"CFP Playoff: Alabama (College Football Playoff at the Cotton Bowl Classic)"
] | [
"2015 Big Ten Conference football season",
"Michigan State Spartans football seasons",
"Big Ten Conference football champion seasons",
"2015 in sports in Michigan"
] |
projected-44498208-023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Michigan%20State%20Spartans%20football%20team | 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team | References | The 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by ninth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 12–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to share the East Division championship with Ohio State. Due to their head-to-head win over Ohio State, they represented the East Division in the Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated West Division champion Iowa to become Big Ten Champions. They finished the season No. 3 in the College Football Playoff rankings and were selected to play in the CFP Semifinals at the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to No. 2 Alabama.
The season was one of the most successful in school history. The Spartans defeated in-state rival Michigan in Ann Arbor after a fumbled snap by Wolverine punter Blake O'Neill was picked up by Jalen Watts-Jackson and returned for a touchdown in the final ten seconds to give Michigan State a 27–23 win. The Spartans defeated Ohio State on the road in Columbus, playing without Connor Cook and relying on the arms of backup QBs Damion Terry and Tyler O'Connor. Michael Geiger would make a 41-yard field goal as time expired to give the Spartans a 17–14 win and to win the East Division. Michigan State would win its third Big Ten Championship in six years after defeating Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, 16–13. The Spartans were selected to play in the College Football Playoff, where they were defeated by eventual National Champion Alabama, 38–0, finishing with a record and achieving their fifth 11-win season in six years. | Michigan State
Category:Michigan State Spartans football seasons
Category:Big Ten Conference football champion seasons
Michigan State Spartans football | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"2015 Big Ten Conference football season",
"Michigan State Spartans football seasons",
"Big Ten Conference football champion seasons",
"2015 in sports in Michigan"
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projected-20467690-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother%20Nature%27s%20Kitchen | Mother Nature's Kitchen | Introduction | Mother Nature's Kitchen is the debut album from the Scottish singer/songwriter Kevin McDermott with his band Kevin McDermott Orchestra. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1989 albums"
] | |
projected-20467690-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother%20Nature%27s%20Kitchen | Mother Nature's Kitchen | History | Mother Nature's Kitchen is the debut album from the Scottish singer/songwriter Kevin McDermott with his band Kevin McDermott Orchestra. | Following his solo album, Suffocation Blues, Kevin McDermott formed the Kevin McDermott Orchestra/KMO, with an initial line-up of Jim McDermott on drums, Steph Greer on bass, and Chris Bramble on percussion. They started performing the material that would become Mother Nature's Kitchen.
McDermott distributed KMO demos to record companies, the recordings now without Bramble, and with Iain Harvie, and they were soon signed to Island Records.
In 1989, KMO recorded Mother Nature’s Kitchen. The line-up for the album recording was Jim McDermott, Steph Greer, Robbie McIntosh, Blair Cowan, and David Crichton. Shortly after the recording was completed, Robbie McIntosh left to play for Paul McCartney, and Marco Rossi joined KMO on electric lead guitar.
In July 2022, the remastered Last Night From Glasgow release of Mother Nature’s Kitchen reached number ten in the Official Scottish Albums Chart Top 100. | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"1989 albums"
] |
projected-20467690-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother%20Nature%27s%20Kitchen | Mother Nature's Kitchen | Track listing | Mother Nature's Kitchen is the debut album from the Scottish singer/songwriter Kevin McDermott with his band Kevin McDermott Orchestra. | All songs written by Kevin McDermott.
Wheels Of Wonder – 4:45
Slow Boat to Something Better – 3:54
King of Nothing – 4:18
Diamond – 3:20
Mother Nature's Kitchen – 4:47
Into the Blue – 3:40
Where We Were Meant To Be – 4:00
Statue to A Stone – 3:54
What Comes To Pass – 3:28
Suffocation Blues – 1:51
Angel – 4:32
Healing At The Harbour – 4:37 | [] | [
"Track listing"
] | [
"1989 albums"
] |
projected-20467690-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother%20Nature%27s%20Kitchen | Mother Nature's Kitchen | Personnel | Mother Nature's Kitchen is the debut album from the Scottish singer/songwriter Kevin McDermott with his band Kevin McDermott Orchestra. | Musicians
Kevin McDermott: Vocals and Rhythm Guitar
Robbie McIntosh: Electric Lead Guitar
Jim McDermott: Drums and Percussion
Stephen Greer: Electric Bass Guitar and Backing Vocals
Blair Cowan: Keyboards
David Crichton: Fiddle
Technical personnel
Engineered by Kenny MacDonald, assisted by David Bowie
Cover photograph by David Hiscock | [] | [
"Personnel"
] | [
"1989 albums"
] |
projected-20467690-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother%20Nature%27s%20Kitchen | Mother Nature's Kitchen | References | Mother Nature's Kitchen is the debut album from the Scottish singer/songwriter Kevin McDermott with his band Kevin McDermott Orchestra. | Category:1989 albums | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1989 albums"
] |
projected-44498218-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%20Patay | Franz Patay | Introduction | Franz Patay (born 1961 in Vienna) is an Austrian arts administrator, the former Rector of the Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna and CEO of the theatrical company Vereinigte Bühnen Wien. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1961 births",
"Living people"
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projected-44498218-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%20Patay | Franz Patay | Biography | Franz Patay (born 1961 in Vienna) is an Austrian arts administrator, the former Rector of the Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna and CEO of the theatrical company Vereinigte Bühnen Wien. | As the son of a musical family (his father Georg was a viola player in the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra for over 40 years) Franz Patay's interests were encouraged from a young age. After leaving school he began studies in law at the University of Vienna. In January 1986 Franz Patay graduated as a doctor of jurisprudence. At the same time, he studied arts and cultural management at the College of Music and Performing Arts Vienna from October 1994 to February 2017.
Franz Patay, who holds a doctorate in law, was Secretary General and Executive Director of the IMZ – International Music + Media Centre Vienna since October 1994. From February 2014 until August 2018 he held the post of Rector of the Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna. In June 2014 he was awarded the honorary title of Professor. In October 2016 he was appointed CEO of the Vereinigte Bühnen Wien (VBW). Patay is married with one daughter. | [] | [
"Biography"
] | [
"1961 births",
"Living people"
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projected-44498218-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%20Patay | Franz Patay | University administration | Franz Patay (born 1961 in Vienna) is an Austrian arts administrator, the former Rector of the Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna and CEO of the theatrical company Vereinigte Bühnen Wien. | In 1987 Patay was appointed Vice-rector (Administrative Director) of the then College of Music and Performing Arts Vienna. In this office, which he held until 1994, his principal responsibilities lay in the legal and organisational management of the university; the main focus of his work were the departments of voice and stage performance, film and television, as well as acting and directing the Max Reinhardt Seminar. On 1 February 2014 he returned to university administration as Chief Executive of the Konservatorium Wien GmbH; he also took over the role of Rector of the Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna until August 2018. In September 2018 the former Viennese city council for arts, science and sports Andreas Mailath-Pokorny assumed this position. | [] | [
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"University administration"
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projected-44498218-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%20Patay | Franz Patay | International networking in the music and media industry | Franz Patay (born 1961 in Vienna) is an Austrian arts administrator, the former Rector of the Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna and CEO of the theatrical company Vereinigte Bühnen Wien. | Patay has headed the IMZ – International Music + Media Centre Vienna as Secretary General since 1994. The IMZ is an international non-profit organisation which was founded by Wilfried Scheib in 1961 under the auspices of UNESCO. | [] | [
"Career",
"International networking in the music and media industry"
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"1961 births",
"Living people"
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projected-44498218-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%20Patay | Franz Patay | Organising large-scale cultural projects | Franz Patay (born 1961 in Vienna) is an Austrian arts administrator, the former Rector of the Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna and CEO of the theatrical company Vereinigte Bühnen Wien. | Franz Patay's profile as an arts administrator is distinguished by the high number and variety of the individual projects carried out as part of large-scale international cultural events. As Chief Executive of the Vienna Mozart Year 2006, Franz Patay was responsible for overall coordination and implementation alongside Peter Marboe as Artistic Director. Together with Walter Reicher, Franz Patay was appointed to the executive board of the Haydn-Year 2009, where he was responsible for financial planning and programme coordination. | [] | [
"Career",
"Organising large-scale cultural projects"
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"1961 births",
"Living people"
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projected-44498218-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%20Patay | Franz Patay | Kunsthalle and Kunst Haus Wien | Franz Patay (born 1961 in Vienna) is an Austrian arts administrator, the former Rector of the Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna and CEO of the theatrical company Vereinigte Bühnen Wien. | In 2012 he took over the management of the Kunsthalle Wien and was the first Chief Executive of the Kunsthalle Wien GmbH. From 2007 to his appointment as Rector of the Konservatorium Wien University, he was also Chief Executive and Director of the Kunst Haus Wien. During his tenure, several major exhibitions were shown, including Annie Leibovitz, René Burri, HR Giger and Saul Leiter. At Patay's invitation, Paul McCartney attended the opening in 2013 of a retrospective of the deceased photographer Linda McCartney at the Kunst Haus Wien. | [] | [
"Career",
"Kunsthalle and Kunst Haus Wien"
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"1961 births",
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projected-44498218-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%20Patay | Franz Patay | Vereinigte Bühnen Wien | Franz Patay (born 1961 in Vienna) is an Austrian arts administrator, the former Rector of the Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna and CEO of the theatrical company Vereinigte Bühnen Wien. | In October 2016 Franz Patay succeeded Thomas Drozda as CEO of the Vereinigte Bühnen Wien, who has been appointed to the federal minister of culture. | [] | [
"Career",
"Vereinigte Bühnen Wien"
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"1961 births",
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projected-44498218-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%20Patay | Franz Patay | Other activities | Franz Patay (born 1961 in Vienna) is an Austrian arts administrator, the former Rector of the Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna and CEO of the theatrical company Vereinigte Bühnen Wien. | Since 2000, Patay has been a member of the International Council of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, New York, the body responsible for the International Emmy Awards. Invitations to teach and guest lectures have taken him e.g. to the International Center for Culture & Management (ICCM) in Salzburg. In addition, Patay was on the board of the UNESCO International Music Council in Paris for six years and was chair of the advisory board of the Austrian Music Council (Österreichisches Musikrat – ÖMR) for two years. Paul Hertel was appointed as his successor at the ÖMR. In May 2016 Patay was elected into the board of trustees of the Alban Berg Foundation. Also in 2016 Patay was appointed to the general assembly of the Vienna Symphony. | [] | [
"Career",
"Other activities"
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"1961 births",
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projected-44498218-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%20Patay | Franz Patay | Honours | Franz Patay (born 1961 in Vienna) is an Austrian arts administrator, the former Rector of the Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna and CEO of the theatrical company Vereinigte Bühnen Wien. | On 12 June 2014 Patay was awarded the honorary title of Professor by the President of Austria. The laudatory speech was given by Elisabeth Freismuth, Rector of the University of Music and Performing Arts Graz since October 2014. | [] | [
"Honours"
] | [
"1961 births",
"Living people"
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projected-44498222-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladys%20Fairbanks | Gladys Fairbanks | Introduction | Gladys Fairbanks (April 15, 1892 in California – November 2, 1958 in Alameda, California), was an American silent film actress of the 1910s. She was best known for roles in films such as The Poor Little Rich Girl (1917), The Road Between (1917) and Shore Acres (1914). | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"American silent film actresses",
"20th-century American actresses",
"1892 births",
"1958 deaths"
] | |
projected-44498222-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladys%20Fairbanks | Gladys Fairbanks | Filmography | Gladys Fairbanks (April 15, 1892 in California – November 2, 1958 in Alameda, California), was an American silent film actress of the 1910s. She was best known for roles in films such as The Poor Little Rich Girl (1917), The Road Between (1917) and Shore Acres (1914). | Shore Acres as Ann (1914)
The Poor Little Rich Girl as Jane (1917)
The Road Between as Sarah Abbott (1917)
Who's Your Neighbor? as Mrs Bowers (1917)
The Outsider as Miss Price (1917)
Our Little Wife (1917) (uncredited) | [] | [
"Filmography"
] | [
"American silent film actresses",
"20th-century American actresses",
"1892 births",
"1958 deaths"
] |
projected-44498222-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladys%20Fairbanks | Gladys Fairbanks | References | Gladys Fairbanks (April 15, 1892 in California – November 2, 1958 in Alameda, California), was an American silent film actress of the 1910s. She was best known for roles in films such as The Poor Little Rich Girl (1917), The Road Between (1917) and Shore Acres (1914). | 3.Changes made in birth and death by great-granddaughter Catherine | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"American silent film actresses",
"20th-century American actresses",
"1892 births",
"1958 deaths"
] |
projected-44498225-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokkinopilos | Kokkinopilos | Introduction | Kokkinopilos (, ) is an Aromanian village and a community of the Elassona municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Olympos. The 2011 census recorded 125 inhabitants in the village and 592 inhabitants in the community. The community of Kokkinopilos covers an area of 129.368 km2. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Aromanian settlements in Greece",
"Populated places in Larissa (regional unit)"
] | |
projected-44498225-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokkinopilos | Kokkinopilos | Administrative division | Kokkinopilos (, ) is an Aromanian village and a community of the Elassona municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Olympos. The 2011 census recorded 125 inhabitants in the village and 592 inhabitants in the community. The community of Kokkinopilos covers an area of 129.368 km2. | The community of Kokkinopilos consists of two settlements:
Kalyvia
Kokkinopilos | [] | [
"Administrative division"
] | [
"Aromanian settlements in Greece",
"Populated places in Larissa (regional unit)"
] |
projected-44498225-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokkinopilos | Kokkinopilos | Population | Kokkinopilos (, ) is an Aromanian village and a community of the Elassona municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Olympos. The 2011 census recorded 125 inhabitants in the village and 592 inhabitants in the community. The community of Kokkinopilos covers an area of 129.368 km2. | According to the 2011 census, the population of the settlement of Kokkinopilos was 125 people, a decrease of almost 29% compared with the population of the previous census of 2001. | [] | [
"Population"
] | [
"Aromanian settlements in Greece",
"Populated places in Larissa (regional unit)"
] |
projected-44498225-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokkinopilos | Kokkinopilos | History | Kokkinopilos (, ) is an Aromanian village and a community of the Elassona municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Olympos. The 2011 census recorded 125 inhabitants in the village and 592 inhabitants in the community. The community of Kokkinopilos covers an area of 129.368 km2. | Kokkinopilos was founded in the 12th century by Aromanian farmers. It was captured by the Ottomans in 1442 was administered as a chiflik. After a failed revolt against the Turkish Ottomans during the Greek War of Independence, the village was captured and looted by Ottoman troops. On 8 October 1912 Kokkinopilos was liberated by the Greek Army. During the Axis occupation of Greece the village was burned twice: in 1943 by the Italians and in 1944 by the Germans. The latter resulted to the scattering of the population of the village, in Katerini and Thessaloniki and to the establishment of Kalyvia as a permanent settlement. | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Aromanian settlements in Greece",
"Populated places in Larissa (regional unit)"
] |
projected-44498225-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokkinopilos | Kokkinopilos | See also | Kokkinopilos (, ) is an Aromanian village and a community of the Elassona municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Olympos. The 2011 census recorded 125 inhabitants in the village and 592 inhabitants in the community. The community of Kokkinopilos covers an area of 129.368 km2. | List of settlements in the Larissa regional unit | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Aromanian settlements in Greece",
"Populated places in Larissa (regional unit)"
] |
projected-44498225-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokkinopilos | Kokkinopilos | References | Kokkinopilos (, ) is an Aromanian village and a community of the Elassona municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Olympos. The 2011 census recorded 125 inhabitants in the village and 592 inhabitants in the community. The community of Kokkinopilos covers an area of 129.368 km2. | Category:Aromanian settlements in Greece
Category:Populated places in Larissa (regional unit) | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Aromanian settlements in Greece",
"Populated places in Larissa (regional unit)"
] |
projected-44498246-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coed-y-paen | Coed-y-paen | Introduction | Coed-y-paen is a village in South Wales, situated at the south-eastern end of Llandegfedd Reservoir, north-west of Llangybi. HM Prison Prescoed, a Category D prison, is located nearby.
The village has one public house, the Carpenters Arms. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Villages in Monmouthshire"
] | |
projected-44498246-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coed-y-paen | Coed-y-paen | Christchurch | Coed-y-paen is a village in South Wales, situated at the south-eastern end of Llandegfedd Reservoir, north-west of Llangybi. HM Prison Prescoed, a Category D prison, is located nearby.
The village has one public house, the Carpenters Arms. | The village church, Christchurch, was designed in 1848 by architect Sir Matthew Digby-Wyatt.
The church was built as a chapel of ease to the parish church of Llangybi. It was conveyed to the Church in Wales in 1861. A fine Victorian church of the Early English style, it comprises a nave and chancel and a western tower of three floors. It has a single bell. | [] | [
"Christchurch"
] | [
"Villages in Monmouthshire"
] |
projected-23574984-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch%20pacification%20campaign%20on%20Formosa | Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa | Introduction | The Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa was a series of military actions and diplomatic moves undertaken in 1635 and 1636 by Dutch East India Company (VOC) in Dutch-era Taiwan (Formosa) aimed at subduing hostile aboriginal villages in the southwestern region of the island. Prior to the campaign the Dutch had been in Formosa for eleven years, but did not control much of the island beyond their principal fortress at Tayouan (present-day Anping, Tainan), and an alliance with the town of Sinkan. The other aboriginal villages in the area conducted numerous attacks on the Dutch and their allies, with the chief belligerents being the village of Mattau, who in 1629 ambushed and slaughtered a group of sixty Dutch soldiers.
After receiving reinforcements from the colonial headquarters at Batavia, the Dutch launched an attack in 1635 and were able to crush opposition and bring the area around present-day Tainan fully under their control. After seeing Mattau and Soulang, the most powerful villages in the area, were overpowered by Dutch force overwhelmingly, many other villages in the surrounding area came to the Dutch to seek peace and surrender sovereignty. Thus the Dutch were able to dramatically expand the extent of their territorial control in a short time, and avoid the need for further fighting. The campaign ended in February 1636, when representatives from twenty-eight villages attended a ceremony in Tayouan to cement Dutch sovereignty.
Solidifying the southwest under their rule, the Dutch were able to expand their operations from the limited entrepôt trading carried out by the colony prior to 1635. The expanded territory allowed access to the deer trade, which later became very lucrative, and guaranteed security in food supplies. The new territorial acquisitions provided fertile land, which the Dutch began to import mass Chinese labours to farm. The aboriginal villages also provided warriors to aid the Dutch in times of trouble, notably in the Lamey Island Massacre of 1636, the Dutch defeat of the Spanish in 1642 and the Guo Huaiyi Rebellion in 1652. The allied villages also provided opportunities for Dutch missionaries to spread their faith. The pacification campaign is considered the foundation stone on which the later success of the colony was built. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Dutch Formosa",
"1630s conflicts",
"1635 in Taiwan",
"1636 in Taiwan",
"1630s in Dutch Formosa",
"17th century in Taiwan",
"Military history of the Dutch East India Company",
"Military history of Taiwan"
] | |
projected-23574984-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch%20pacification%20campaign%20on%20Formosa | Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa | Background | The Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa was a series of military actions and diplomatic moves undertaken in 1635 and 1636 by Dutch East India Company (VOC) in Dutch-era Taiwan (Formosa) aimed at subduing hostile aboriginal villages in the southwestern region of the island. Prior to the campaign the Dutch had been in Formosa for eleven years, but did not control much of the island beyond their principal fortress at Tayouan (present-day Anping, Tainan), and an alliance with the town of Sinkan. The other aboriginal villages in the area conducted numerous attacks on the Dutch and their allies, with the chief belligerents being the village of Mattau, who in 1629 ambushed and slaughtered a group of sixty Dutch soldiers.
After receiving reinforcements from the colonial headquarters at Batavia, the Dutch launched an attack in 1635 and were able to crush opposition and bring the area around present-day Tainan fully under their control. After seeing Mattau and Soulang, the most powerful villages in the area, were overpowered by Dutch force overwhelmingly, many other villages in the surrounding area came to the Dutch to seek peace and surrender sovereignty. Thus the Dutch were able to dramatically expand the extent of their territorial control in a short time, and avoid the need for further fighting. The campaign ended in February 1636, when representatives from twenty-eight villages attended a ceremony in Tayouan to cement Dutch sovereignty.
Solidifying the southwest under their rule, the Dutch were able to expand their operations from the limited entrepôt trading carried out by the colony prior to 1635. The expanded territory allowed access to the deer trade, which later became very lucrative, and guaranteed security in food supplies. The new territorial acquisitions provided fertile land, which the Dutch began to import mass Chinese labours to farm. The aboriginal villages also provided warriors to aid the Dutch in times of trouble, notably in the Lamey Island Massacre of 1636, the Dutch defeat of the Spanish in 1642 and the Guo Huaiyi Rebellion in 1652. The allied villages also provided opportunities for Dutch missionaries to spread their faith. The pacification campaign is considered the foundation stone on which the later success of the colony was built. | The Dutch East India Company (VOC) arrived in southern Formosa in 1624 and, after building their stronghold of Fort Zeelandia on the peninsula of Tayouan, began to sound out local villages as to the possibility of forming alliances. Although initially the intention was to run the colony solely as an entrepôt (a trading port), the Dutch later decided that they needed control over the hinterland to provide some security. Additionally, a large percentage of supplies for the Dutch colonists had to be shipped from Batavia at great expense and irregular intervals, and the government of the fledgling colony was keen to source foodstuffs and other supplies locally. The Company decided to ally with the closest village, the relatively small Sinkan, who were able to supply them firewood, venison and fish. However, relations with the other villages were not so friendly. The aboriginal settlements of the area were involved in more or less constant low-level warfare with each other (head-hunting raids and looting of property), and an alliance with Sinkan put the Dutch at odds with the foes of that village. In 1625 the Dutch bought a piece of land from the Sinkaners for the sum of fifteen cangans (a kind of cloth), where they then built the town of Sakam for Dutch and Chinese merchants.
Initially other villages in the area, chiefly Mattau, Soulang and Bakloan, also professed their desire to live in peace with the Dutch. The villages saw that it was in their interest to maintain good relations with the newcomers, but this belief was weakened by a series of incidents between 1625 and 1629. The earliest of these was a Dutch attack on Chinese pirates in the bay of Wancan, not far from Mattau, in 1625. The pirates were able to drive off the Dutch soldiers, causing the Dutch to lose face among the Formosan villages. Encouraged by this Dutch failure, warriors from Mattau raided Sinkan, believing the Dutch too weak to defend their Formosan friends. At this point, the Dutch returned to Wancan and this time were able to rout the pirates, restoring their reputation. Mattau was then forced by the colonials to return the property stolen from Sinkan and make reparations in the form of two pigs. The peace was short-lived, however, because in November 1626 the villagers of Sinkan attacked Mattau and Bakloan, before going to the Dutch to ask for protection from retribution. Although the Dutch were able to force Sinkan's enemies to back down in this case, in later incidents they proved incapable of fully protecting their Formosan allies.
Frustrated by the inability of the Dutch to protect them, the Sinkan villagers turned to Japanese traders, who were not on friendly terms with the VOC. In 1627 a delegation from the village visited Japan in order to ask for Japanese protection and to offer sovereignty to the Japanese Shōgun Tokugawa Iemitsu. The Shōgun refused them an audience, but on their return to Formosa the Sinkan villagers, along with their erstwhile foes from Mattau, Bakloan and Soulang, went to Governor Nuyts to demand that the company pay an annual tribute to the villages for operating on their land. The Governor refused. Soon after, the Japanese isolationist policy of sakoku removed Japanese support for the Formosans, leaving Sinkan once more at the mercy of its rivals, prompting missionary George Candidius to write that "this village Sinkan has been until now under Dutch protection, and without this protection it would not stand for even a month." In 1629 however the Dutch were unable to defend either themselves or their allies. Governor Nuyts went to Mattau on an official (friendly) visit with a guard of sixty musketeers, who were fêted on their arrival. After leaving the village the next morning, the musketeers were ambushed while crossing a stream and slaughtered to a man, by warriors of both Mattau and Soulang. The Governor had a lucky escape as he had returned to Fort Zeelandia the previous evening.
Shortly after the massacre Governor Nuyts was recalled by the VOC governor-general in Batavia for various offences, including responsibility for the souring of relations with the Japanese. Hans Putmans replaced Nuyts as governor, and immediately wanted to attack the ringleaders in Mattau, but the village was judged too strong to assault directly. Therefore, the Dutch moved against the weaker Bakloan, who they believed sheltered proponents of the massacre, setting out on 23 November 1629, and returning later that day "having killed many people and burned most of the village." The Bakloan villagers sued for peace, and Mattau too signed a nine-month peace accord with the company. However, in the years that followed, the Mattau, Bakloan and Soulang villagers continued a concerted campaign to harass employees of the company, particularly those who were rebuilding structures destroyed by the Mattauers in Sakam. The situation showed no signs of improvement for the Dutch, until relations between Mattau and Soulang soured in late 1633 and early 1634. The two villages went to war in May 1634, and although Mattau won the fight, the company was happy to see divisions among the villages which it felt it could exploit. | [
"Zeelandia-environs.png"
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"Background"
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"1635 in Taiwan",
"1636 in Taiwan",
"1630s in Dutch Formosa",
"17th century in Taiwan",
"Military history of the Dutch East India Company",
"Military history of Taiwan"
] |
projected-23574984-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch%20pacification%20campaign%20on%20Formosa | Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa | Dutch retaliation | The Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa was a series of military actions and diplomatic moves undertaken in 1635 and 1636 by Dutch East India Company (VOC) in Dutch-era Taiwan (Formosa) aimed at subduing hostile aboriginal villages in the southwestern region of the island. Prior to the campaign the Dutch had been in Formosa for eleven years, but did not control much of the island beyond their principal fortress at Tayouan (present-day Anping, Tainan), and an alliance with the town of Sinkan. The other aboriginal villages in the area conducted numerous attacks on the Dutch and their allies, with the chief belligerents being the village of Mattau, who in 1629 ambushed and slaughtered a group of sixty Dutch soldiers.
After receiving reinforcements from the colonial headquarters at Batavia, the Dutch launched an attack in 1635 and were able to crush opposition and bring the area around present-day Tainan fully under their control. After seeing Mattau and Soulang, the most powerful villages in the area, were overpowered by Dutch force overwhelmingly, many other villages in the surrounding area came to the Dutch to seek peace and surrender sovereignty. Thus the Dutch were able to dramatically expand the extent of their territorial control in a short time, and avoid the need for further fighting. The campaign ended in February 1636, when representatives from twenty-eight villages attended a ceremony in Tayouan to cement Dutch sovereignty.
Solidifying the southwest under their rule, the Dutch were able to expand their operations from the limited entrepôt trading carried out by the colony prior to 1635. The expanded territory allowed access to the deer trade, which later became very lucrative, and guaranteed security in food supplies. The new territorial acquisitions provided fertile land, which the Dutch began to import mass Chinese labours to farm. The aboriginal villages also provided warriors to aid the Dutch in times of trouble, notably in the Lamey Island Massacre of 1636, the Dutch defeat of the Spanish in 1642 and the Guo Huaiyi Rebellion in 1652. The allied villages also provided opportunities for Dutch missionaries to spread their faith. The pacification campaign is considered the foundation stone on which the later success of the colony was built. | Although both Governor Nuyts and subsequently Governor Putmans wanted to move against Mattau, the garrison at Fort Zeelandia numbered only 400, of which 210 were soldiers – not enough to undertake a major campaign without leaving the Dutch fortress guard under-strength. After persistent unheeded requests from the two governors, in 1635 Batavia finally sent a force of 475 soldiers to Taiwan, to "avenge the murder of the expeditionary force against Mattau in 1629, to increase the prestige of the Company, and to obtain the respect and authority, necessary for the protection of the Chinese who had come all the way from China, to cultivate the land."
By this stage, relations with the other villages had also deteriorated to the extent that even Sinkan, previously thought to be tightly bound to the Dutch, was plotting rebellion. The missionary Robert Junius, who lived among the natives, wrote that "rebels in Sinkan have conspired against our state . . . and [are planning] to murder and beat to death the missionaries and soldiers in Sinkan." The governor in Tayouan moved quickly to quell the uprising, sending eighty soldiers to the village and arresting some of the key conspirators. With potential disaster averted in Sinkan, the Dutch were further encouraged by the news that Mattau and Soulang, their principal enemies, were being ravaged by smallpox, whereas Sinkan, now back under Dutch control, was spared the disease – this being viewed as a divine sign that the Dutch were righteous.
On 22 November 1635, the newly arrived forces set out for Bakloan, headed by Governor Putmans. Junius joined him with a group of native warriors from Sinkan, who had been persuaded to take part by the clergyman in order to further good relations between themselves and the VOC. The plan was initially to rest there for the night, before attacking Mattau the next morning, but the Dutch forces received word that the Mattau villagers had learned of their approach and planned to flee. They therefore decided to press on and attack that evening, succeeding in surprising the Mattau warriors and subduing the village without a fight. The Dutch summarily executed 26 men of the village, before setting fire to the houses and returning to Bakloan.
On the way back to Fort Zeelandia, the troops stopped in Bakloan, Sinkan and Sakam, at each step warning the chiefs of the village of the price of angering the VOC, and obtaining guarantees of friendly conduct in the future. The village of Soulang sent two representatives to the Dutch while they were resting in Sinkan, offering a spear and a hatchet as a symbol that they would ally their forces to the Dutch. Also present with offers of friendship were men from (modern-day Yujing District), a collection of three villages in the hills previously outside Dutch influence. Finally two chiefs from Mattau arrived, kow-towing to the Dutch officials and wishing to sue for peace.
The aborigines signalled their surrender by sending a few of their best weapons to the Dutch, and then by bringing a small tree (often betel nut) planted in earth from their village as a token of the granting of sovereignty to the VOC. Over the next few months as word of the Dutch victory spread, more and more villages came to pay their respects at Fort Zeelandia and assure the VOC of their friendly intentions. However, the new masters of Mattau also inherited their enemies, with both Favorlang and Tirosen expressing hostility towards the VOC in the wake of their victory.
After the victory over Mattau the governor decided to make use of the soldiers to cow other recalcitrant villages, starting with Taccariang, who had previously killed both VOC employees and Sinkan villagers. The villagers first fought with the Sinkanders who were acting as a vanguard, but on receiving a volley from the Dutch musketeers the Taccariang warriors turned and fled. The VOC forces entered the village unopposed, and burnt it to the ground. From Taccariang they moved on to Soulang, where they arrested warriors who had participated in the 1629 massacre of sixty Dutch soldiers and torched their houses. The last stop on the campaign trail was Tevorang, which had previously sheltered wanted men from other villages. This time the governor decided to use diplomacy, offering gifts and assurances of friendship, with the consequences of resistance left implicit. The Tevorangans took the hint, and offered no opposition to Dutch rule. | [
"Robert Junius.jpg"
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"Dutch retaliation"
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"1635 in Taiwan",
"1636 in Taiwan",
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] |
projected-23574984-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch%20pacification%20campaign%20on%20Formosa | Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa | Pax Hollandica | The Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa was a series of military actions and diplomatic moves undertaken in 1635 and 1636 by Dutch East India Company (VOC) in Dutch-era Taiwan (Formosa) aimed at subduing hostile aboriginal villages in the southwestern region of the island. Prior to the campaign the Dutch had been in Formosa for eleven years, but did not control much of the island beyond their principal fortress at Tayouan (present-day Anping, Tainan), and an alliance with the town of Sinkan. The other aboriginal villages in the area conducted numerous attacks on the Dutch and their allies, with the chief belligerents being the village of Mattau, who in 1629 ambushed and slaughtered a group of sixty Dutch soldiers.
After receiving reinforcements from the colonial headquarters at Batavia, the Dutch launched an attack in 1635 and were able to crush opposition and bring the area around present-day Tainan fully under their control. After seeing Mattau and Soulang, the most powerful villages in the area, were overpowered by Dutch force overwhelmingly, many other villages in the surrounding area came to the Dutch to seek peace and surrender sovereignty. Thus the Dutch were able to dramatically expand the extent of their territorial control in a short time, and avoid the need for further fighting. The campaign ended in February 1636, when representatives from twenty-eight villages attended a ceremony in Tayouan to cement Dutch sovereignty.
Solidifying the southwest under their rule, the Dutch were able to expand their operations from the limited entrepôt trading carried out by the colony prior to 1635. The expanded territory allowed access to the deer trade, which later became very lucrative, and guaranteed security in food supplies. The new territorial acquisitions provided fertile land, which the Dutch began to import mass Chinese labours to farm. The aboriginal villages also provided warriors to aid the Dutch in times of trouble, notably in the Lamey Island Massacre of 1636, the Dutch defeat of the Spanish in 1642 and the Guo Huaiyi Rebellion in 1652. The allied villages also provided opportunities for Dutch missionaries to spread their faith. The pacification campaign is considered the foundation stone on which the later success of the colony was built. | On hearing of the Dutch show of force, aboriginal tribes from further afield decided to submit to Dutch rule, either through fear of Dutch military might or hope that such an alliance would prove beneficial to the tribe. Representatives came from Pangsoia (Pangsoya; modern-day Linbian, Pingtung), 100 km to the south, to ally themselves with the VOC. The Dutch decided to hold a landdag (a grand convention) to welcome all the villages into the fold and impress them with Dutch largesse and power. This duly took place on 22 February 1636, with 28 villages represented from southern and central Formosa. The governor presented the attendees with robes and staffs of state to symbolise their position, and Robert Junius wrote that "it was delightful to see the friendliness of these people when they met for the first time, to notice how they kissed each other and gazed at one another. Such a thing had never before been witnessed in this country, as one tribe was nearly always waging war against another."
The net effect of the Dutch campaign was a pax Hollandica (Dutch peace), assuring VOC control in the southwest of the island. The Dutch called their new area of control the Verenigde Dorpen (United Villages), a deliberate allusion to the United Provinces of their homeland. The campaign was vital to the success and growth of the Dutch colony, which had operated as more of a trading post than a true colony until that point. | [
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] |
projected-23574984-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch%20pacification%20campaign%20on%20Formosa | Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa | Earlier | The Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa was a series of military actions and diplomatic moves undertaken in 1635 and 1636 by Dutch East India Company (VOC) in Dutch-era Taiwan (Formosa) aimed at subduing hostile aboriginal villages in the southwestern region of the island. Prior to the campaign the Dutch had been in Formosa for eleven years, but did not control much of the island beyond their principal fortress at Tayouan (present-day Anping, Tainan), and an alliance with the town of Sinkan. The other aboriginal villages in the area conducted numerous attacks on the Dutch and their allies, with the chief belligerents being the village of Mattau, who in 1629 ambushed and slaughtered a group of sixty Dutch soldiers.
After receiving reinforcements from the colonial headquarters at Batavia, the Dutch launched an attack in 1635 and were able to crush opposition and bring the area around present-day Tainan fully under their control. After seeing Mattau and Soulang, the most powerful villages in the area, were overpowered by Dutch force overwhelmingly, many other villages in the surrounding area came to the Dutch to seek peace and surrender sovereignty. Thus the Dutch were able to dramatically expand the extent of their territorial control in a short time, and avoid the need for further fighting. The campaign ended in February 1636, when representatives from twenty-eight villages attended a ceremony in Tayouan to cement Dutch sovereignty.
Solidifying the southwest under their rule, the Dutch were able to expand their operations from the limited entrepôt trading carried out by the colony prior to 1635. The expanded territory allowed access to the deer trade, which later became very lucrative, and guaranteed security in food supplies. The new territorial acquisitions provided fertile land, which the Dutch began to import mass Chinese labours to farm. The aboriginal villages also provided warriors to aid the Dutch in times of trouble, notably in the Lamey Island Massacre of 1636, the Dutch defeat of the Spanish in 1642 and the Guo Huaiyi Rebellion in 1652. The allied villages also provided opportunities for Dutch missionaries to spread their faith. The pacification campaign is considered the foundation stone on which the later success of the colony was built. | In 1629, the third governor of Dutch Formosa, Pieter Nuyts, dispatched 63 Dutch soldiers to Mattau with the excuse of "arresting Chinese pirates". The effort was impeded by the local indigenous Taivoan people, as they had been resentful at the Dutch colonists who invaded and slaughtered many of their people. On the way back, the 63 Dutch soldiers were drowned by the indigenous people of Mattau, resulting in the retaliation of Pieter Nuyts and later the Mattau Incident (麻豆社事件) in 1635.
On November 23, 1635, Nuyts led 500 Dutch soldiers and 500 Siraya soldiers from Sinckan to assail Mattau, killing 26 tribal people and burning all the buildings in Mattau. On December 18, Mattau surrendered and signed the Mattau Act (麻豆條約) with the Dutch governor. In this act, Mattau agreed to grant all the land inherited or controlled and all the properties owned by the people of Mattau to the Dutch. The Mattau Act has two significant meanings in the history of Taiwan: | [] | [
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"Earlier"
] | [
"Dutch Formosa",
"1630s conflicts",
"1635 in Taiwan",
"1636 in Taiwan",
"1630s in Dutch Formosa",
"17th century in Taiwan",
"Military history of the Dutch East India Company",
"Military history of Taiwan"
] |
projected-23574984-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch%20pacification%20campaign%20on%20Formosa | Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa | Later | The Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa was a series of military actions and diplomatic moves undertaken in 1635 and 1636 by Dutch East India Company (VOC) in Dutch-era Taiwan (Formosa) aimed at subduing hostile aboriginal villages in the southwestern region of the island. Prior to the campaign the Dutch had been in Formosa for eleven years, but did not control much of the island beyond their principal fortress at Tayouan (present-day Anping, Tainan), and an alliance with the town of Sinkan. The other aboriginal villages in the area conducted numerous attacks on the Dutch and their allies, with the chief belligerents being the village of Mattau, who in 1629 ambushed and slaughtered a group of sixty Dutch soldiers.
After receiving reinforcements from the colonial headquarters at Batavia, the Dutch launched an attack in 1635 and were able to crush opposition and bring the area around present-day Tainan fully under their control. After seeing Mattau and Soulang, the most powerful villages in the area, were overpowered by Dutch force overwhelmingly, many other villages in the surrounding area came to the Dutch to seek peace and surrender sovereignty. Thus the Dutch were able to dramatically expand the extent of their territorial control in a short time, and avoid the need for further fighting. The campaign ended in February 1636, when representatives from twenty-eight villages attended a ceremony in Tayouan to cement Dutch sovereignty.
Solidifying the southwest under their rule, the Dutch were able to expand their operations from the limited entrepôt trading carried out by the colony prior to 1635. The expanded territory allowed access to the deer trade, which later became very lucrative, and guaranteed security in food supplies. The new territorial acquisitions provided fertile land, which the Dutch began to import mass Chinese labours to farm. The aboriginal villages also provided warriors to aid the Dutch in times of trouble, notably in the Lamey Island Massacre of 1636, the Dutch defeat of the Spanish in 1642 and the Guo Huaiyi Rebellion in 1652. The allied villages also provided opportunities for Dutch missionaries to spread their faith. The pacification campaign is considered the foundation stone on which the later success of the colony was built. | Multiple Aboriginal villages rebelled against the Dutch in the 1650s due to oppression like when the Dutch ordered aboriginal women for sex, deer pelts, and rice be given to them from aborigines in the Taipei basin in Wu-lao-wan village which sparked a rebellion in December 1652 at the same time as the Chinese rebellion. Two Dutch translators were beheaded by the Wu-lao-wan aborigines and in a subsequent fight 30 aboriginals and another two Dutch people died, after an embargo of salt and iron on Wu-lao-wan the aboriginals were forced to sue for peace in February 1653. | [] | [
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"1636 in Taiwan",
"1630s in Dutch Formosa",
"17th century in Taiwan",
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"Military history of Taiwan"
] |
projected-23574984-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch%20pacification%20campaign%20on%20Formosa | Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa | References | The Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa was a series of military actions and diplomatic moves undertaken in 1635 and 1636 by Dutch East India Company (VOC) in Dutch-era Taiwan (Formosa) aimed at subduing hostile aboriginal villages in the southwestern region of the island. Prior to the campaign the Dutch had been in Formosa for eleven years, but did not control much of the island beyond their principal fortress at Tayouan (present-day Anping, Tainan), and an alliance with the town of Sinkan. The other aboriginal villages in the area conducted numerous attacks on the Dutch and their allies, with the chief belligerents being the village of Mattau, who in 1629 ambushed and slaughtered a group of sixty Dutch soldiers.
After receiving reinforcements from the colonial headquarters at Batavia, the Dutch launched an attack in 1635 and were able to crush opposition and bring the area around present-day Tainan fully under their control. After seeing Mattau and Soulang, the most powerful villages in the area, were overpowered by Dutch force overwhelmingly, many other villages in the surrounding area came to the Dutch to seek peace and surrender sovereignty. Thus the Dutch were able to dramatically expand the extent of their territorial control in a short time, and avoid the need for further fighting. The campaign ended in February 1636, when representatives from twenty-eight villages attended a ceremony in Tayouan to cement Dutch sovereignty.
Solidifying the southwest under their rule, the Dutch were able to expand their operations from the limited entrepôt trading carried out by the colony prior to 1635. The expanded territory allowed access to the deer trade, which later became very lucrative, and guaranteed security in food supplies. The new territorial acquisitions provided fertile land, which the Dutch began to import mass Chinese labours to farm. The aboriginal villages also provided warriors to aid the Dutch in times of trouble, notably in the Lamey Island Massacre of 1636, the Dutch defeat of the Spanish in 1642 and the Guo Huaiyi Rebellion in 1652. The allied villages also provided opportunities for Dutch missionaries to spread their faith. The pacification campaign is considered the foundation stone on which the later success of the colony was built. | Category:Dutch Formosa
Category:1630s conflicts
Category:1635 in Taiwan
Category:1636 in Taiwan
Category:1630s in Dutch Formosa
Category:17th century in Taiwan
Category:Military history of the Dutch East India Company
Category:Military history of Taiwan | [] | [
"References"
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"1630s conflicts",
"1635 in Taiwan",
"1636 in Taiwan",
"1630s in Dutch Formosa",
"17th century in Taiwan",
"Military history of the Dutch East India Company",
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] |
projected-44498250-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Willy%20Foster | Little Willy Foster | Introduction | Willy Foster (April 20, 1922 – November 25, 1987), known as Little Willy Foster (or Little Willie Foster), was an American Chicago blues harmonicist, singer, and songwriter. | [] | [
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"1987 deaths",
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"Deaths from cancer in I... | |
projected-44498250-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Willy%20Foster | Little Willy Foster | Biography | Willy Foster (April 20, 1922 – November 25, 1987), known as Little Willy Foster (or Little Willie Foster), was an American Chicago blues harmonicist, singer, and songwriter. | Foster was born in Dublin, Mississippi, to Major Foster and Rosie Brown. He was raised on a plantation about ten miles south of Clarksdale. His mother died when he was aged five, and he was raised by his father, who was a local musician. Willy worked the fields from an early age and had little formal education. His father taught him to play the family's piano, and Willy later taught himself to master both the guitar and the harmonica. By 1942, he was working in Clarksdale. Around 1943, he relocated to Chicago. He played the blues around the city and teamed up with Floyd Jones, Lazy Bill Lucas, and his cousin Leroy Foster. Having befriended Big Walter Horton, Foster learned to play the harmonica in Horton's Chicago blues style. Beginning in the mid-1940s, this led to periodic work for Foster on Maxwell Street and in clubs in the city for over a decade. He also worked during this time in a band with Homesick James, Moody Jones and Floyd Jones.
In January 1955, Foster recorded two sides for Parrot Records, his own compositions "Falling Rain Blues" and "Four Day Jump", with accompaniment by Lucas, Jones and Eddie Taylor. Foster reportedly incurred the displeasure of the record label's owner, Al Benson, for reporting him to the American Federation of Musicians for underpaid dues on the recordings. In March 1957, Foster was back in a recording studio in Chicago, where he recorded two more of his songs, "Crying the Blues" and "Little Girl". Regarding the former, AllMusic noted that it "reflected both his emotional singing and his wailing, swooping harmonica".
From this point onwards, his personal life started to degenerate. Attending a house party, Foster was accidentally shot in the head by a woman playing with a handgun. The shooting caused partial paralysis and severely affected his ability to speak. He made a slow recovery but rarely played in public thereafter. In January 1974, Foster voluntarily surrendered himself to the local police after he shot and killed his roommate. Pleading self-defense and impairment of judgement due to his brain injury, he was found not guilty by reason of insanity and was sent to a state hospital in 1975.
Foster died of kidney cancer in the Illinois Insane Asylum in Chicago on November 25, 1987, aged 65.
His four released recordings are available on numerous compilation albums, issued both before and after his death. | [] | [
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"Songwriters from Mississippi",
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"Musicians from Clarksdale, Mississippi",
"Deaths from cancer in I... |
projected-44498250-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Willy%20Foster | Little Willy Foster | Confusion | Willy Foster (April 20, 1922 – November 25, 1987), known as Little Willy Foster (or Little Willie Foster), was an American Chicago blues harmonicist, singer, and songwriter. | The variant spelling of his first name is due to the different spellings on his two singles.
He is not to be confused with another blues harmonica player, Willie James Foster (September 19, 1921 or 1922 – May 20, 2001). | [] | [
"Confusion"
] | [
"1922 births",
"1987 deaths",
"American blues harmonica players",
"American blues singers",
"20th-century African-American male singers",
"Songwriters from Mississippi",
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projected-44498250-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Willy%20Foster | Little Willy Foster | See also | Willy Foster (April 20, 1922 – November 25, 1987), known as Little Willy Foster (or Little Willie Foster), was an American Chicago blues harmonicist, singer, and songwriter. | List of Chicago blues musicians | [] | [
"See also"
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"1922 births",
"1987 deaths",
"American blues harmonica players",
"American blues singers",
"20th-century African-American male singers",
"Songwriters from Mississippi",
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"Musicians from Clarksdale, Mississippi",
"Deaths from cancer in I... |
projected-44498250-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Willy%20Foster | Little Willy Foster | References | Willy Foster (April 20, 1922 – November 25, 1987), known as Little Willy Foster (or Little Willie Foster), was an American Chicago blues harmonicist, singer, and songwriter. | Category:1922 births
Category:1987 deaths
Category:American blues harmonica players
Category:American blues singers
Category:20th-century African-American male singers
Category:Songwriters from Mississippi
Category:Chicago blues musicians
Category:People from Dublin, Mississippi
Category:Musicians from Clarksdale, Mississippi
Category:Deaths from cancer in Illinois
Category:20th-century American singers
Category:Songwriters from Illinois
Category:20th-century American male singers
Category:Cobra Records artists
Category:African-American songwriters
Category:American male songwriters | [] | [
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"1987 deaths",
"American blues harmonica players",
"American blues singers",
"20th-century African-American male singers",
"Songwriters from Mississippi",
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"People from Dublin, Mississippi",
"Musicians from Clarksdale, Mississippi",
"Deaths from cancer in I... |
projected-44498252-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISPA%20Belgium | ISPA Belgium | Introduction | The Internet Service Providers Association (ISPA) is a Belgian trade association composed of access, hosting, service, and transit providers that advocates for the Internet sector in Belgium. The association currently consists of 25 members that have a public price list in Belgium for offering Internet or other IP services.
ISPA Belgium is the Belgian member of EuroISPA, a pan-European association of ISPAs. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Trade associations based in Belgium"
] | |
projected-44498252-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISPA%20Belgium | ISPA Belgium | Statistics | The Internet Service Providers Association (ISPA) is a Belgian trade association composed of access, hosting, service, and transit providers that advocates for the Internet sector in Belgium. The association currently consists of 25 members that have a public price list in Belgium for offering Internet or other IP services.
ISPA Belgium is the Belgian member of EuroISPA, a pan-European association of ISPAs. | Every quarter, ISPA publishes a quarterly market survey with statistics of residential and business connections in Belgium. | [] | [
"Statistics"
] | [
"Trade associations based in Belgium"
] |
projected-44498264-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945%20French%20constitutional%20referendum%20in%20Guinea | 1945 French constitutional referendum in Guinea | Introduction | A constitutional referendum was held in Guinea on 21 October 1945 as part of the wider French constitutional referendum. Both questions were approved by large margins. Voter turnout was 73.5%. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1945 referendums",
"October 1945 events in Africa",
"Referendums in Guinea",
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projected-44498264-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945%20French%20constitutional%20referendum%20in%20Guinea | 1945 French constitutional referendum in Guinea | References | A constitutional referendum was held in Guinea on 21 October 1945 as part of the wider French constitutional referendum. Both questions were approved by large margins. Voter turnout was 73.5%. | Category:1945 referendums
Category:October 1945 events in Africa
1945
Category:1945 in Guinea
Category:Constitutional referendums in France | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1945 referendums",
"October 1945 events in Africa",
"Referendums in Guinea",
"1945 in Guinea",
"Constitutional referendums in France"
] |
projected-20467703-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcello%20Giordani | Marcello Giordani | Introduction | Marcello Giordani (born Marcello Guagliardo; 25 January 1963 – 5 October 2019) was an Italian operatic tenor who sang leading roles of the Italian and French repertoire in opera houses throughout Europe and the United States. He had a distinguished association with the New York Metropolitan Opera, where he sang in over 240 performances from the time of his debut there in 1993. He founded the Marcello Giordani Foundation to help young opera singers. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1963 births",
"2019 deaths",
"People from Augusta, Sicily",
"Italian operatic tenors",
"20th-century Italian male opera singers",
"21st-century Italian male opera singers"
] | |
projected-20467703-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcello%20Giordani | Marcello Giordani | Biography | Marcello Giordani (born Marcello Guagliardo; 25 January 1963 – 5 October 2019) was an Italian operatic tenor who sang leading roles of the Italian and French repertoire in opera houses throughout Europe and the United States. He had a distinguished association with the New York Metropolitan Opera, where he sang in over 240 performances from the time of his debut there in 1993. He founded the Marcello Giordani Foundation to help young opera singers. | Giordani was born on 25 January 1963 in the small town of Augusta, Sicily. His father, a former prison guard, was the owner of a major gasoline station in the town, and his mother was a housewife. He showed a talent for singing at an early age and took private lessons in Augusta as well as singing in a church choir. When he was nineteen, he quit his job in a bank. He studied voice first in Catania and from 1983 in Milan with Nino Carta. Giordani made his professional operatic debut in 1986 as the Duke in Rigoletto at the Festival dei Due Mondi in Spoleto. His debut at La Scala came two years later when he sang Rodolfo in La bohème. He went on to sing throughout Italy and Europe, and in 1988, he made his American debut singing Nadir in Les pêcheurs de perles with Portland Opera, a company with which he frequently appeared early in his career. Engagements with several other American opera companies followed, including San Francisco Opera, Seattle Opera, Los Angeles Opera and the Opera Company of Philadelphia. He performed at the Vienna State Opera first in 1992 as Sänger in Der Rosenkavalier by Richard Strauss, and appeared there in 14 roles in 72 performances. Giordani made his Metropolitan Opera debut in 1993 as Nemorino in a Parks performance of L'elisir d'amore opposite Maria Spacagna as Adina. His first performance on the actual stage at the Metropolitan Opera House was on 11 December 1995 as Rodolfo to Hei-Kyung Hong's Mimì with Carlo Rizzi conducting.
In 1994, vocal problems that begun to surface in the previous years became more acute. He began to retrain his voice with Bill Schuman in New York but did not cancel his engagements. In 1995 he sang Alfredo in La traviata at Covent Garden under Sir Georg Solti, whose guidance he credited as a great help in the rebuilding of his career. In 1997, Giordani again sang at Covent Garden under Solti (as Gabriele Adorno in Simon Boccanegra), in what turned out to be the final opera performances that Solti would ever conduct. His career at the Met, which had initially been sporadic, began to flourish. He sang over 240 performances with the company, in 27 roles, including the leading tenor roles in the Met's premieres of Benvenuto Cellini and Il pirata. He also sang in the Met's season opening performances in both 2006 (Pinkerton in Madama Butterfly) and 2007 (Edgardo in Lucia di Lammermoor), and on 18 September 2008, he was the tenor soloist in the Met's performance of Verdi's Requiem in memory of Luciano Pavarotti. A reviewer for The New York Times wrote that he sang Pinkerton "with full-bodied Italianate passion; warm, rich tone; and clarion top notes".
Amongst the other opera houses and festivals where Giordani performed during his career were the Opernhaus Zürich, Vienna State Opera, Opéra National de Paris, Gran Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona, Deutsche Oper Berlin, Houston Grand Opera, Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, Teatro Regio di Parma, Teatro Regio di Torino, Teatro Massimo Bellini di Catania, Arena di Verona, the Verbier Festival, and the Festival Puccini in Torre del Lago. In August 2008, Giordani appeared in concert with Salvatore Licitra and Ramón Vargas in Beijing's Great Hall of the People during the first week of the 2008 Olympic Games. 2008 also saw his appointment as Artistic Director for Musical Events at Città della Notte, a new arts center near Augusta. In December 2008 he gave his first master classes there.
In 2010, Giordani created the Marcello Giordani Foundation to help young opera singers at the beginning of their careers. The first annual Marcello Giordani Vocal Competition was held in Sicily in 2011.
Giordani met his wife, Wilma, when he was singing in Lucerne in 1988. They married two years later. The couple and their two sons lived in New York and Sicily. Giordani died of a heart attack at his home in Augusta on 5 October 2019 at the age of 56. | [] | [
"Biography"
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"1963 births",
"2019 deaths",
"People from Augusta, Sicily",
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projected-20467703-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcello%20Giordani | Marcello Giordani | Operatic repertoire | Marcello Giordani (born Marcello Guagliardo; 25 January 1963 – 5 October 2019) was an Italian operatic tenor who sang leading roles of the Italian and French repertoire in opera houses throughout Europe and the United States. He had a distinguished association with the New York Metropolitan Opera, where he sang in over 240 performances from the time of his debut there in 1993. He founded the Marcello Giordani Foundation to help young opera singers. | Vincenzo Bellini
Il pirata (Gualtiero)
I puritani (Arturo)
La straniera (Arturo)
Hector Berlioz
Benvenuto Cellini (Cellini)
La damnation de Faust (Faust)
Les Troyens (Énée)
Requiem
Georges Bizet
Carmen (Don Jose)
Les pêcheurs de perles (Nadir)
Francesco Cilea
Adriana Lecouvreur (Maurizio)
Gaetano Donizetti
La favorite (Fernand)
La fille du régiment (Tonio)
Lucia di Lammermoor (Edgardo)
Lucrezia Borgia (Gennaro)
L'elisir d'amore (Nemorino)
Umberto Giordano
Andrea Chénier (Chenier)
Charles Gounod
Faust (Faust)
Roméo et Juliette (Romeo)
Jules Massenet
Manon (Des Grieux)
Werther (Werther)
Giacomo Meyerbeer
Les Huguenots (Raoul)
Jacques Offenbach
Les contes d'Hoffmann (Hoffmann)
Amilcare Ponchielli
La Gioconda (Enzo)
Giacomo Puccini
Edgar (Edgar)
La bohème (Rodolfo)
La fanciulla del West (Dick Johnson)
Madama Butterfly (Pinkerton)
Manon Lescaut (Des Grieux)
Tosca (Mario Cavaradossi)
Turandot (Calaf)
Gioachino Rossini
Guillaume Tell (Arnold)
Richard Strauss
Der Rosenkavalier (Italian singer)
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Eugene Onegin (Lensky)
Giuseppe Verdi
Attila (Foresto)
Don Carlo (Don Carlo)
I vespri siciliani (Arrigo)
Il trovatore (Manrico)
La forza del destino (Alvaro)
La traviata (Alfredo)
Les vêpres siciliennes (Henri)
Luisa Miller (Rodolfo)
Requiem Rigoletto (The Duke)
Simon Boccanegra (Gabriele Adorno)
Un ballo in maschera (Riccardo)
Ernani (Ernani)
Riccardo Zandonai
Francesca da Rimini (Paolo Malatesta)
Discography
Giordano made DVD recordings of complete operas, and recorded tenor recitals on CD, including:
La bohème (Cristina Gallardo-Domâs, Elena Mosuc, Marcello Giordani, Michael Volle, Cheyne Davidson, László Polgár; Opernhaus Zürich Orchestra and Chorus; Franz Welser-Möst, conductor). Label: EMI Classics (DVD)
La Gioconda (Lucia Mazzaria, Marcello Giordani, Alberto Mastromarino, Julia Gertseva, Lidia Tirendi, Michael Ryssov, Andrea Cortese, Valerio Saggi; Teatro Massimo Bellini di Catania Orchestra, Chorus, and Corps de Ballet; Donato Renzetti, conductor). Label: Kikko Classics (DVD)
Madama Butterfly (Fiorenza Cedolins, Francesca Franci, Marcello Giordani, Juan Pons, Carlo Bosi; Arena di Verona Orchestra and Chorus; Daniel Oren, conductor). Label: TDK (DVD)
Manon Lescaut (Karita Mattila, Marcello Giordani, Dwayne Croft, Dale Travis; Metropolitan Opera Orchestra and Chorus; James Levine, conductor). Label: EMI Classics (DVD)
Steven Mercurio: Many Voices (Andrea Bocelli, Marcello Giordani, Rolando Villazón, Sumi Jo, and Gino Quilico; Prague Philharmonic Orchestra; Steven Mercurio, conductor). Label: Sony/BMG (CD)
A Midsummer Night's Dream – Soundtrack (Marcello Giordani, Cecilia Bartoli, Renée Fleming, Roberto Alagna) Label: Decca (CD)
Sicilia Bella (Marcello Giordani, tenor; Teatro Massimo Bellini di Catania Orchestra; Steven Mercurio, conductor). Label: VAI (CD)
Tenor Arias (Marcello Giordani, tenor; Teatro Massimo Bellini di Catania Orchestra; Steven Mercurio, conductor). Label: Naxos (CD)
Verdi: Jérusalem (Marcello Giordani, Roberto Scandiuzzi, Marina Mescheriakova; Orchestre de la Suisse Romande; Fabio Luisi, conductor). Label: Universal/Philips (CD)
Viva Verdi A 100th Anniversary Celebration'' (Compilation – various artists). Label: Decca (CD) | [] | [
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"1963 births",
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"People from Augusta, Sicily",
"Italian operatic tenors",
"20th-century Italian male opera singers",
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projected-20467712-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsari | Matsari | Introduction | Matsari (मत्सरी) is a village of Durga Bhagwati rural municipality in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. It is one of the highly famous village of Maithil Brahmins (e.g. Jha, Mishra,Thakur) in Nepal.
The village takes its name from "matsa" which means fish. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, there was a population of 3,157 people living in 564 individual households. The literacy of this village is higher than any of the others in the country. The village is situated at the bank of Bagmati river. It lies around 8 kilometers north of the district headquarters Gaur. Most of the people of the village are employed in the "Government Service" of Nepal. "Durga-puja" of "Dashara" is very famous here, many people from various villages show up to observe the festival.
Bhojpuri, Bajika, and Maithili are the languages spoken in the village. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Populated places in Rautahat District"
] |