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text_id stringlengths 22 22 | page_url stringlengths 31 389 | page_title stringlengths 1 250 | section_title stringlengths 0 4.67k | context_page_description stringlengths 0 108k | context_section_description stringlengths 1 187k | media list | hierachy list | category list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
projected-71475940-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joo%20In-young | Joo In-young | Introduction | Joo In-young is a South Korean actress. She is known for roles in dramas such as It's Okay to Not Be Okay, The Devil Judge, When I Was the Most Beautiful, Mother of Mine and The One and Only. She also appeared in movies A Reason to Live, The Bacchus Lady and Decision to Leave. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1978 births",
"Living people",
"21st-century South Korean actresses",
"South Korean television actresses",
"South Korean film actresses"
] | |
projected-71475940-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joo%20In-young | Joo In-young | Personal life | Joo In-young is a South Korean actress. She is known for roles in dramas such as It's Okay to Not Be Okay, The Devil Judge, When I Was the Most Beautiful, Mother of Mine and The One and Only. She also appeared in movies A Reason to Live, The Bacchus Lady and Decision to Leave. | Joo is married and has one son. | [] | [
"Personal life"
] | [
"1978 births",
"Living people",
"21st-century South Korean actresses",
"South Korean television actresses",
"South Korean film actresses"
] |
projected-71475945-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudorylas%20inferus | Eudorylas inferus | Introduction | Eudorylas inferus is a species of fly in the family Pipunculidae. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Pipunculidae",
"Insects described in 1956",
"Diptera of Europe",
"Taxa named by James Edward Collin"
] | |
projected-71475945-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudorylas%20inferus | Eudorylas inferus | Distribution | Eudorylas inferus is a species of fly in the family Pipunculidae. | Belgium, Great Britain, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Netherlands. | [] | [
"Distribution"
] | [
"Pipunculidae",
"Insects described in 1956",
"Diptera of Europe",
"Taxa named by James Edward Collin"
] |
projected-71475945-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudorylas%20inferus | Eudorylas inferus | References | Eudorylas inferus is a species of fly in the family Pipunculidae. | Category:Pipunculidae
Category:Insects described in 1956
Category:Diptera of Europe
Category:Taxa named by James Edward Collin | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Pipunculidae",
"Insects described in 1956",
"Diptera of Europe",
"Taxa named by James Edward Collin"
] |
projected-71475978-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason%20Emerson | Mason Emerson | Introduction | Mason Emerson (born 27 March 1996) is a New Zealand professional rugby union player currently playing for Valence Romans in the Nationale league. He previously played for the Colorado Raptors in Major League Rugby and for Hawkes Bay in the ITM Cup and for New Zealand u20s internationally. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"New Zealand rugby union players",
"1996 births",
"Living people",
"People from Hastings, New Zealand",
"Rugby union wings",
"Rugby union fullbacks",
"Hawke's Bay rugby union players",
"Colorado Raptors players"
] | |
projected-71475985-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Hillaker | Harry Hillaker | Introduction | Harry James Hillaker (9 May 1919 - 8 February 2009) was an American aeronautical engineer, who is credited as the main designer and originator of the F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1909 births",
"2009 deaths",
"American aerospace engineers",
"Engineers from Michigan",
"General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon",
"People from Flint, Michigan",
"University of Michigan–Flint alumni",
"University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni"
] | |
projected-71475985-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Hillaker | Harry Hillaker | Early life | Harry James Hillaker (9 May 1919 - 8 February 2009) was an American aeronautical engineer, who is credited as the main designer and originator of the F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft. | He was born in Flint, Michigan, attending Flint Northern High School.
He studied Aeronautical Engineering at the University of Michigan-Flint. | [] | [
"Early life"
] | [
"1909 births",
"2009 deaths",
"American aerospace engineers",
"Engineers from Michigan",
"General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon",
"People from Flint, Michigan",
"University of Michigan–Flint alumni",
"University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni"
] |
projected-71475985-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Hillaker | Harry Hillaker | Consolidated Aircraft | Harry James Hillaker (9 May 1919 - 8 February 2009) was an American aeronautical engineer, who is credited as the main designer and originator of the F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft. | He started at Consolidated Aircraft in 1941.
He worked on the Convair B-58 Hustler. | [] | [
"Career",
"Consolidated Aircraft"
] | [
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"2009 deaths",
"American aerospace engineers",
"Engineers from Michigan",
"General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon",
"People from Flint, Michigan",
"University of Michigan–Flint alumni",
"University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni"
] |
projected-71475985-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Hillaker | Harry Hillaker | General Dynamics | Harry James Hillaker (9 May 1919 - 8 February 2009) was an American aeronautical engineer, who is credited as the main designer and originator of the F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft. | He was the chief project engineer for the F-16 aircraft, overseeing the testing of the prototype aircraft, to fulfil the needs of the Lightweight Fighter program. The prototype started as the General Dynamics Model 401, to become the YF-16, beginning around 1971.
The prototype arrived at Edwards Air Force Base in California on 8 January 1974, taking to the air on 2 February 1974, flown by Phil Oestricher.
In January 1975, the YF-16 had been selected for the Lightweight Fighter program. He retired in 1985. | [] | [
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"General Dynamics"
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"2009 deaths",
"American aerospace engineers",
"Engineers from Michigan",
"General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon",
"People from Flint, Michigan",
"University of Michigan–Flint alumni",
"University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni"
] |
projected-71475985-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Hillaker | Harry Hillaker | Personal life | Harry James Hillaker (9 May 1919 - 8 February 2009) was an American aeronautical engineer, who is credited as the main designer and originator of the F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft. | He married on 2 October 1943, and had six children. His wife died in 2017. He died aged 89 on Sunday 8 February 2009 in Texas. | [] | [
"Personal life"
] | [
"1909 births",
"2009 deaths",
"American aerospace engineers",
"Engineers from Michigan",
"General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon",
"People from Flint, Michigan",
"University of Michigan–Flint alumni",
"University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni"
] |
projected-71475985-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Hillaker | Harry Hillaker | See also | Harry James Hillaker (9 May 1919 - 8 February 2009) was an American aeronautical engineer, who is credited as the main designer and originator of the F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft. | Mikhail Simonov, designer of the Sukhoi Su-27
Robert H. Widmer, designer of the F-111 | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"1909 births",
"2009 deaths",
"American aerospace engineers",
"Engineers from Michigan",
"General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon",
"People from Flint, Michigan",
"University of Michigan–Flint alumni",
"University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni"
] |
projected-71475996-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0G%20%28album%29 | 0G (album) | Introduction | 0G (pronounced "Zero-G") is the seventh and final studio album by J-pop duo Two-Mix, released by WEA Japan on October 11, 2001. It includes the single "Gravity Zero".
The album peaked at No. 24 on Oricon's weekly albums chart. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"2001 albums",
"Two-Mix albums",
"Japanese-language albums",
"Warner Music Japan albums"
] | |
projected-71475996-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0G%20%28album%29 | 0G (album) | Track listing | 0G (pronounced "Zero-G") is the seventh and final studio album by J-pop duo Two-Mix, released by WEA Japan on October 11, 2001. It includes the single "Gravity Zero".
The album peaked at No. 24 on Oricon's weekly albums chart. | All lyrics are written by Shiina Nagano; all music is composed by Minami Takayama; all music is arranged by Two-Mix. | [] | [
"Track listing"
] | [
"2001 albums",
"Two-Mix albums",
"Japanese-language albums",
"Warner Music Japan albums"
] |
projected-44499175-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline%20Playne | Caroline Playne | Introduction | Caroline Elizabeth Playne (2 May 1857 – 27 January 1948) was an English pacifist, humanitarian, novelist, and historian of the First World War. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1857 births",
"1948 deaths",
"English pacifists",
"English non-fiction writers",
"20th-century British non-fiction writers",
"English women non-fiction writers",
"20th-century British historians",
"20th-century English women",
"20th-century English people"
] | |
projected-44499175-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline%20Playne | Caroline Playne | Early life | Caroline Elizabeth Playne (2 May 1857 – 27 January 1948) was an English pacifist, humanitarian, novelist, and historian of the First World War. | Very little is known about the personal details of Playne's life, as she left little of her own documentary evidence. She was born in Avening, Gloucestershire, one of two daughters of Margarettia Sara, a Dutchwoman, and her English husband, George Frederick Playne, a cloth manufacturer. Caroline was multilingual from childhood, speaking English and Dutch, while her later historical work suggests she also was familiar with French and German. Some time after her father's death in 1879, Playne moved with her mother to Hampstead, London, where she lived for the rest of her life. Margarettia died in 1905.
Playne's first foray into writing was as a romantic novelist. In 1904 she published The Romance of a Lonely Woman closely followed byThe Terror of the Macdurghotts in 1907, both novels published by T. Fisher Unwin under the name C.E. Playne. In 1908, Playne was elected an associate member of the University Women's Club. | [] | [
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"20th-century British non-fiction writers",
"English women non-fiction writers",
"20th-century British historians",
"20th-century English women",
"20th-century English people"
] |
projected-44499175-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline%20Playne | Caroline Playne | Peace and humanitarian work | Caroline Elizabeth Playne (2 May 1857 – 27 January 1948) was an English pacifist, humanitarian, novelist, and historian of the First World War. | Caroline Playne formally approached pacifist work some time around 1905, and quickly became a committed activist and member of a wide range of organisations. She was a representative of the National Peace Council (NPC), created to support the action of the international court in The Hague, and in 1910 was a founder member of the Church of England Peace League, a member organisation of the NPC dedicated to "keep[ing] before members of the Church of England 'the duty of combating the war spirit. Over the following years she also became a member of the Hampstead Peace Society, the League of Peace and Freedom, and the Peace Society. Playne became a regular attendee and speaker at national and international peace conferences. In 1908 she took part in the International Congress for Peace in London, and on this occasion she met the Austrian pacifist Bertha von Suttner, of whom she later wrote a biography. Playne was present at an NPC meeting on 4 August 1914, which condemned the secret diplomacy of the British government in the years before the war.
At the outbreak of the First World War, Playne immediately became a committee member of the Society of Friends' Emergency Committee for the Assistance of Germans, Austrians and Hungarians in Distress, an organisation set up to assist citizens of those countries in Britain, including prisoners of war. She became heavily involved in this work, helping with accommodation and other needs for the thousands of "enemy aliens" who appealed to the Committee for help, while also taking up detailed committee tasks and financial scrutiny.
Alongside this humanitarian work, Playne joined the Union of Democratic Control when it was formed in 1914, hosting events for the organisation at her London home. She was also involved in encouraging personal correspondence between the belligerent countries; the tracing of missing persons; and translating German newspaper articles for British audiences. | [] | [
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"20th-century English people"
] |
projected-44499175-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline%20Playne | Caroline Playne | Historical writing | Caroline Elizabeth Playne (2 May 1857 – 27 January 1948) was an English pacifist, humanitarian, novelist, and historian of the First World War. | During the war, Playne assembled a large mass of research on the conflict and events in London, including some 530 books and pamphlets. With the addition of her own voluminous diary observations, and encouraged by her friend, the writer Vernon Lee, this collection provided the material for her four major studies of the war and its causes: The Neuroses of the Nations (1925); The Pre-War Mind in Britain (1928); Society at War 1914–1916 (1931); Britain Holds On 1917–1918 (1933).
Both pioneering and idiosyncratic, Playne's historical work draws heavily on the emerging methodologies of social psychology to argue that the War represented a collective "neurosis" of the European mind. Preoccupied with "the mind and the passions of the multitude", Playne deployed a vast array of sources and quotations to critique European culture before and during the War, especially its nationalism, imperialism and militarism. She argues that the technological and social developments of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries "disorientated" and "disjointed" European societies, and was especially damaging to the "mental calibre" of the cultural elite. Her work is particularly notable for emphasising the influence of mass media in shaping and directing public opinion, anticipating media studies by fifty years. Taken together, argues the historian Richard Espley, the four books can be regarded as a single "2,500 page meditation on the neurotic, militaristic failure of western culture".
Despite the originality of her approach to the study of the War, Playne has been neglected by later scholars. Where they are used, her books are largely drawn upon as sources for detail and reportage of the war years, rather than analyses in their own right. | [] | [
"Historical writing"
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"English women non-fiction writers",
"20th-century British historians",
"20th-century English women",
"20th-century English people"
] |
projected-44499175-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline%20Playne | Caroline Playne | Later life and death | Caroline Elizabeth Playne (2 May 1857 – 27 January 1948) was an English pacifist, humanitarian, novelist, and historian of the First World War. | In 1938, Playne deposited her research collection in the library at Senate House, London. Playne never married, and left no children. She died at Hampstead in 1948. | [] | [
"Later life and death"
] | [
"1857 births",
"1948 deaths",
"English pacifists",
"English non-fiction writers",
"20th-century British non-fiction writers",
"English women non-fiction writers",
"20th-century British historians",
"20th-century English women",
"20th-century English people"
] |
projected-44499175-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline%20Playne | Caroline Playne | Works | Caroline Elizabeth Playne (2 May 1857 – 27 January 1948) was an English pacifist, humanitarian, novelist, and historian of the First World War. | Fiction:
The Romance of a Lonely Woman, London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1904
The Terror of the Macdurghotts, London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1907
Non-Fiction:
The Neuroses of the Nations, London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1925
The Pre-War Mind in Britain. An Historical Review, London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1928
Society at War 1914–1916, London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1931
Britain Holds On 1917, 1918, London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1933
Bertha von Suttner, and the Struggle to Avert the World War, London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1936
The four volumes on the Great War are also available in electronic edition, in a single ebook that collects them all:
Society in the First World War, GogLiB ebooks, 2018 | [] | [
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"20th-century British non-fiction writers",
"English women non-fiction writers",
"20th-century British historians",
"20th-century English women",
"20th-century English people"
] |
projected-23575675-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabil%20Abu%20Nabbut | Sabil Abu Nabbut | Introduction | Sabil Abu Nabbut () also known as Tabitha's Well is a public fountain ("sabil") in Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel, built in 1815/16 CE during the Ottoman period in Palestine. Its main purpose was to facilitate the journey between Jaffa and Jerusalem. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Infrastructure completed in 1815",
"Ottoman architecture in Israel",
"Buildings and structures in Tel Aviv",
"Fountains in Israel"
] | |
projected-23575675-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabil%20Abu%20Nabbut | Sabil Abu Nabbut | History and architecture | Sabil Abu Nabbut () also known as Tabitha's Well is a public fountain ("sabil") in Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel, built in 1815/16 CE during the Ottoman period in Palestine. Its main purpose was to facilitate the journey between Jaffa and Jerusalem. | The sabil was built by the Governor of Jaffa, Muhammad Abu Nabbut in about 1815. It was intended to facilitate the journey between Jaffa and Jerusalem, and was part of Abu Nabbut's rehabilitation efforts in the city. It was seen by numerous travelers, merchants and pilgrims on their journey between the two cities.
Despite the fame of the sabil, very little is known about its origin and design. During inquiries in Jaffa in the 1870s, Clermont-Ganneau encountered a master mason named Ali Sida of whom he wrote: "This man, now of advanced age, directed all the works that were set on foot at the beginning of the century by the legendary Abu Nabbut, Governor of Jaffa, the same that gave his name to the pretty fountain, or Sebil Abu Nabbut..."
The building is a small rectangular stone structure with three domes with a sabil (fountain) in the middle. At each corner of the building is a cylindrical pier with projecting domed finials (now missing). The principal building material is kurkar stone, with some reused limestone blocks incorporated into the masonry, and marble used for decoration.
The principal façade of the sabil is its western side, with the fountain contained within a large shallow niche framed with cyma reversa moulding. The fountain is surrounded by four white flat marble columns set against a background of red marble. Above the two central columns is a plaque commemorating the construction of the sabil in 1236 H (1815-1816 CE). On either side of the sabil are windows. These windows were blocked up in about 1960. There are three-ridged domes that crown the building, as well as the multitude of finials on the domes and the small pinnacles that refine the building's silhouette.
The entrances are at the north and south sides of the building. Although now blocked, each entrance had an open iwan facing outwards. The arches are decorated with a band containing diamond-shaped lozenges.
The east side has a pair of windows , now blocked. In the centre of the east side is a doorway opening into the domed room at the back of the sabil. The interior of this room is undecorated, and is now used as a park keeper's hut. | [
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projected-23575675-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabil%20Abu%20Nabbut | Sabil Abu Nabbut | "Tomb of Tabitha/Dorcas" | Sabil Abu Nabbut () also known as Tabitha's Well is a public fountain ("sabil") in Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel, built in 1815/16 CE during the Ottoman period in Palestine. Its main purpose was to facilitate the journey between Jaffa and Jerusalem. | The fountain was pointed out to Western travellers as the "Tomb of Dorcas" (aka Tabitha, a New Testament figure), or more precisely as a Muslim fountain built at the burial place of Tabitha/Dorcas, as shown for instance by the caption of a photo taken around 1900 (see photo). | [] | [
"\"Tomb of Tabitha/Dorcas\""
] | [
"Infrastructure completed in 1815",
"Ottoman architecture in Israel",
"Buildings and structures in Tel Aviv",
"Fountains in Israel"
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projected-23575675-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabil%20Abu%20Nabbut | Sabil Abu Nabbut | Sculpture garden | Sabil Abu Nabbut () also known as Tabitha's Well is a public fountain ("sabil") in Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel, built in 1815/16 CE during the Ottoman period in Palestine. Its main purpose was to facilitate the journey between Jaffa and Jerusalem. | In 2000 a sculpture garden by the Israeli painter and sculptor Yigal Tumarkin was established next to the sabil. | [] | [
"Sculpture garden"
] | [
"Infrastructure completed in 1815",
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projected-23575675-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabil%20Abu%20Nabbut | Sabil Abu Nabbut | Bibliography | Sabil Abu Nabbut () also known as Tabitha's Well is a public fountain ("sabil") in Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel, built in 1815/16 CE during the Ottoman period in Palestine. Its main purpose was to facilitate the journey between Jaffa and Jerusalem. | Cited in Petersen, (2001).
Kana`an, Ruba (2001), Waqf, Architecture, and Political Self-Fashioning: The Construction of the Great Mosque of Jaffa by Muhammad Aga Abu Nabbut. In Muqarnas XVIII: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture. Gülru Necipoglu (ed.). Leiden: E.J. Brill. (.htlm link)
(Cited in Petersen, (2001)) | [] | [
"Bibliography"
] | [
"Infrastructure completed in 1815",
"Ottoman architecture in Israel",
"Buildings and structures in Tel Aviv",
"Fountains in Israel"
] |
projected-23575675-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabil%20Abu%20Nabbut | Sabil Abu Nabbut | Further reading | Sabil Abu Nabbut () also known as Tabitha's Well is a public fountain ("sabil") in Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel, built in 1815/16 CE during the Ottoman period in Palestine. Its main purpose was to facilitate the journey between Jaffa and Jerusalem. | Kana`an, Ruba (2001), "Two Ottoman Sabils in Jaffa (c.1810-1815): An Architectural and Epigraphic Analyses", in Levant 33: 187-202 | [] | [
"Further reading"
] | [
"Infrastructure completed in 1815",
"Ottoman architecture in Israel",
"Buildings and structures in Tel Aviv",
"Fountains in Israel"
] |
projected-71476022-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maunga%20K%C4%81karamea | Maunga Kākaramea | Introduction | Maunga Kākaramea (also known officially as Rainbow Mountain) is a high dacite volcano located between Rotorua and Taupō in the North Island Volcanic Plateau. It has multiple steaming features and a picturesque crater lake reached by a short walk from the nearest road and has a nearby geothermal area. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Landforms of the Bay of Plenty Region",
"Hot springs of New Zealand",
"1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera",
"Volcanoes of the Bay of Plenty Region",
"Mountains of the Bay of Plenty Region",
"Taupō Volcanic Zone",
"Geothermal areas in New Zealand",
"Okataina Volcanic Centre"
] | |
projected-71476022-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maunga%20K%C4%81karamea | Maunga Kākaramea | Geography | Maunga Kākaramea (also known officially as Rainbow Mountain) is a high dacite volcano located between Rotorua and Taupō in the North Island Volcanic Plateau. It has multiple steaming features and a picturesque crater lake reached by a short walk from the nearest road and has a nearby geothermal area. | Maunga Kākaramea (meaning mountain of colored earth, sometime called Maungakakaramea and also known in colloquial English as Mount Kakaramea - but do not confuse with Kakaramea another mountain) is located at the western borders of the Okataina Volcanic Centre. To the north west is the still active Waimangu Volcanic Rift Valley and closer to the south west the Maungakaramea hot springs. To the west across the Hakereteke stream (European settlement name Kerosene Creek) valley is the slightly higher peak of Maungaongaonga at . | [] | [
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"Mountains of the Bay of Plenty Region",
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"Geothermal areas in New Zealand",
"Okataina Volcanic Centre"
] |
projected-71476022-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maunga%20K%C4%81karamea | Maunga Kākaramea | Geology | Maunga Kākaramea (also known officially as Rainbow Mountain) is a high dacite volcano located between Rotorua and Taupō in the North Island Volcanic Plateau. It has multiple steaming features and a picturesque crater lake reached by a short walk from the nearest road and has a nearby geothermal area. | Much of the ground has been altered by steam action, which is most marked on the southern slopes of the mountain, extending almost to the summit. The steam has created fumarole clays of decomposed rhyolite. The six craters on the mountain are likely of hydrothermal origin. There have been quite large hydrothermal eruptions from areas of the mountain and nearby. This erupted material overlie the 232 CE Hatepe eruption pumice resulting in estimated eruption ages of about 1300 CE. Sulphur deposits and natural petroleum seeps occur in the area. The bare northern slopes are adjacent to the Ngapouri-Rotomahana Fault which is a splay of the Paeroa Fault at the eastern margin of the Taupō Rift of the Taupō Volcanic Zone. These slope's steam activity was much more marked following the last Tarawera eruption than at present. The hot water spring activity is all to the south of the fault line. Accordingly just to the north we have an area that is displacing at a rate of 7.2 ± 0.4 mm/yr explaining the areas complex geology. | [] | [
"Geography",
"Geology"
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"Volcanoes of the Bay of Plenty Region",
"Mountains of the Bay of Plenty Region",
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"Geothermal areas in New Zealand",
"Okataina Volcanic Centre"
] |
projected-71476022-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maunga%20K%C4%81karamea | Maunga Kākaramea | Tourism | Maunga Kākaramea (also known officially as Rainbow Mountain) is a high dacite volcano located between Rotorua and Taupō in the North Island Volcanic Plateau. It has multiple steaming features and a picturesque crater lake reached by a short walk from the nearest road and has a nearby geothermal area. | Its emerald coloured crater lake is a short but steep walk for the fit and contrasts with ochre coloured cliffs. The flora is somewhat stunted both because of the geothermal activity but also it is in the area affected by the 1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera. | [] | [
"Geography",
"Tourism"
] | [
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"1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera",
"Volcanoes of the Bay of Plenty Region",
"Mountains of the Bay of Plenty Region",
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"Geothermal areas in New Zealand",
"Okataina Volcanic Centre"
] |
projected-71476022-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maunga%20K%C4%81karamea | Maunga Kākaramea | See also | Maunga Kākaramea (also known officially as Rainbow Mountain) is a high dacite volcano located between Rotorua and Taupō in the North Island Volcanic Plateau. It has multiple steaming features and a picturesque crater lake reached by a short walk from the nearest road and has a nearby geothermal area. | List of volcanoes in New Zealand | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Landforms of the Bay of Plenty Region",
"Hot springs of New Zealand",
"1886 eruption of Mount Tarawera",
"Volcanoes of the Bay of Plenty Region",
"Mountains of the Bay of Plenty Region",
"Taupō Volcanic Zone",
"Geothermal areas in New Zealand",
"Okataina Volcanic Centre"
] |
projected-56568310-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy%20sediment | Legacy sediment | Introduction | Legacy sediment (LS) is depositional bodies of sediment inherited from the increase of human activities since the Neolithic. These include a broad range of land use and land cover changes, such as agricultural clearance, lumbering and clearance of native vegetation, mining, road building, urbanization, as well as alterations brought to river systems in the form of dams and other engineering structures meant to control and regulate natural fluvial processes (erosion, deposition, lateral migration, meandering). The concept of LS is used in geomorphology, ecology, as well as in water quality and toxicological studies.
LS is distributed in spatially heterogeneous ways throughout a landscape and accumulates to form various landforms. It can progress through the fluvial system through facies changes from hillslope colluvium, to floodplain and wetland alluvium, to fine-grained lacustrine and estuarine slackwater deposits. The temporal nature of LS is time-transgressive, meaning that initiation and peak rates of deposition can take place at different times within a fluvial system, as well as at different times between regions. The intermittent transport of LS can be thought of as a cascading system that reworks LS deposits from hillslopes, into channels and onto floodplains, such that anthropogenic sediment will be mixed with and non-anthropogenic sediment.
River systems record past and present imprints of anthropogenically-forced changes to the environment. LS is an element of change in this context, as it drives fluxes of energy and matter (connectivity) through fluvial systems and provides indication of past land-uses and river dynamics that can inform future trajectories of river response. In this sense, acknowledging the concept of LS can benefit informed policy development in stream restoration, water quality and sediment budget management, protection of aquatic ecosystems, and flood risk. Moreover, the implications of legacy effects associated with anthropogenically modified sediment dynamics are critical in the context of ecosystem services. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Sediments"
] | |
projected-56568310-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy%20sediment | Legacy sediment | Post-settlement alluvium | Legacy sediment (LS) is depositional bodies of sediment inherited from the increase of human activities since the Neolithic. These include a broad range of land use and land cover changes, such as agricultural clearance, lumbering and clearance of native vegetation, mining, road building, urbanization, as well as alterations brought to river systems in the form of dams and other engineering structures meant to control and regulate natural fluvial processes (erosion, deposition, lateral migration, meandering). The concept of LS is used in geomorphology, ecology, as well as in water quality and toxicological studies.
LS is distributed in spatially heterogeneous ways throughout a landscape and accumulates to form various landforms. It can progress through the fluvial system through facies changes from hillslope colluvium, to floodplain and wetland alluvium, to fine-grained lacustrine and estuarine slackwater deposits. The temporal nature of LS is time-transgressive, meaning that initiation and peak rates of deposition can take place at different times within a fluvial system, as well as at different times between regions. The intermittent transport of LS can be thought of as a cascading system that reworks LS deposits from hillslopes, into channels and onto floodplains, such that anthropogenic sediment will be mixed with and non-anthropogenic sediment.
River systems record past and present imprints of anthropogenically-forced changes to the environment. LS is an element of change in this context, as it drives fluxes of energy and matter (connectivity) through fluvial systems and provides indication of past land-uses and river dynamics that can inform future trajectories of river response. In this sense, acknowledging the concept of LS can benefit informed policy development in stream restoration, water quality and sediment budget management, protection of aquatic ecosystems, and flood risk. Moreover, the implications of legacy effects associated with anthropogenically modified sediment dynamics are critical in the context of ecosystem services. | Definitions predominantly indicate post-settlement alluvium North America created as a result of agricultural clearance. “Legacy Sediment (n.) Are sediments that (1) were eroded from upland slopes during several centuries of intensive land clearing, agriculture, and milling (in the eastern U.S., this occurred from the late 17th to late 19th Centuries); (2) collected along stream corridors and valley bottoms, burying pre-settlement streams, floodplains, wetlands, and dry valleys; and that altered the hydrologic, biologic, aquatic, riparian, and chemical functions of pre-settlement streams and floodplains; (3) accumulated behind ubiquitous low-head mill dams in slackwater environments, resulting in thick accumulations of fine-grained sediment, which distinguishes ‘‘legacy sediment’’ from fluvial deposits associated with meandering streams; (4) can also accumulate as coarser grained, more poorly sorted colluvial (not associated with stream transport) deposits, usually at valley margins; (5) can contain varying amounts of total phosphorus and nitrogen, which contribute to nutrient loads in downstream waterways from bank erosion processes. . .’’ | [] | [
"Definitions",
"Post-settlement alluvium"
] | [
"Sediments"
] |
projected-56568310-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy%20sediment | Legacy sediment | Anthropogenically-caused episodic sedimentary deposits | Legacy sediment (LS) is depositional bodies of sediment inherited from the increase of human activities since the Neolithic. These include a broad range of land use and land cover changes, such as agricultural clearance, lumbering and clearance of native vegetation, mining, road building, urbanization, as well as alterations brought to river systems in the form of dams and other engineering structures meant to control and regulate natural fluvial processes (erosion, deposition, lateral migration, meandering). The concept of LS is used in geomorphology, ecology, as well as in water quality and toxicological studies.
LS is distributed in spatially heterogeneous ways throughout a landscape and accumulates to form various landforms. It can progress through the fluvial system through facies changes from hillslope colluvium, to floodplain and wetland alluvium, to fine-grained lacustrine and estuarine slackwater deposits. The temporal nature of LS is time-transgressive, meaning that initiation and peak rates of deposition can take place at different times within a fluvial system, as well as at different times between regions. The intermittent transport of LS can be thought of as a cascading system that reworks LS deposits from hillslopes, into channels and onto floodplains, such that anthropogenic sediment will be mixed with and non-anthropogenic sediment.
River systems record past and present imprints of anthropogenically-forced changes to the environment. LS is an element of change in this context, as it drives fluxes of energy and matter (connectivity) through fluvial systems and provides indication of past land-uses and river dynamics that can inform future trajectories of river response. In this sense, acknowledging the concept of LS can benefit informed policy development in stream restoration, water quality and sediment budget management, protection of aquatic ecosystems, and flood risk. Moreover, the implications of legacy effects associated with anthropogenically modified sediment dynamics are critical in the context of ecosystem services. | As a result of criticism related to the limited scope and applicability of this definition, a more flexible and generic definition has been proposed that (1) includes a broader range of human activities, (2) considers more sediment types apart from post-settlement alluvium, and (3) respects the spatial (nonuniform) and temporal (time-transgressive) variability of LS: | [] | [
"Definitions",
"Anthropogenically-caused episodic sedimentary deposits"
] | [
"Sediments"
] |
projected-56568310-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy%20sediment | Legacy sediment | Types | Legacy sediment (LS) is depositional bodies of sediment inherited from the increase of human activities since the Neolithic. These include a broad range of land use and land cover changes, such as agricultural clearance, lumbering and clearance of native vegetation, mining, road building, urbanization, as well as alterations brought to river systems in the form of dams and other engineering structures meant to control and regulate natural fluvial processes (erosion, deposition, lateral migration, meandering). The concept of LS is used in geomorphology, ecology, as well as in water quality and toxicological studies.
LS is distributed in spatially heterogeneous ways throughout a landscape and accumulates to form various landforms. It can progress through the fluvial system through facies changes from hillslope colluvium, to floodplain and wetland alluvium, to fine-grained lacustrine and estuarine slackwater deposits. The temporal nature of LS is time-transgressive, meaning that initiation and peak rates of deposition can take place at different times within a fluvial system, as well as at different times between regions. The intermittent transport of LS can be thought of as a cascading system that reworks LS deposits from hillslopes, into channels and onto floodplains, such that anthropogenic sediment will be mixed with and non-anthropogenic sediment.
River systems record past and present imprints of anthropogenically-forced changes to the environment. LS is an element of change in this context, as it drives fluxes of energy and matter (connectivity) through fluvial systems and provides indication of past land-uses and river dynamics that can inform future trajectories of river response. In this sense, acknowledging the concept of LS can benefit informed policy development in stream restoration, water quality and sediment budget management, protection of aquatic ecosystems, and flood risk. Moreover, the implications of legacy effects associated with anthropogenically modified sediment dynamics are critical in the context of ecosystem services. | LS encompasses sediment of differing structures and textures. They can be colluvial, containing poorly sorted, angular rock fragments deposited by mass wasting or sheet erosional processes, alluvial, containing well sorted, rounded clasts and very-fine grained suspended sediment deposited by fluvial processes. | [] | [
"Types and related landforms",
"Types"
] | [
"Sediments"
] |
projected-56568310-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy%20sediment | Legacy sediment | Associated landforms | Legacy sediment (LS) is depositional bodies of sediment inherited from the increase of human activities since the Neolithic. These include a broad range of land use and land cover changes, such as agricultural clearance, lumbering and clearance of native vegetation, mining, road building, urbanization, as well as alterations brought to river systems in the form of dams and other engineering structures meant to control and regulate natural fluvial processes (erosion, deposition, lateral migration, meandering). The concept of LS is used in geomorphology, ecology, as well as in water quality and toxicological studies.
LS is distributed in spatially heterogeneous ways throughout a landscape and accumulates to form various landforms. It can progress through the fluvial system through facies changes from hillslope colluvium, to floodplain and wetland alluvium, to fine-grained lacustrine and estuarine slackwater deposits. The temporal nature of LS is time-transgressive, meaning that initiation and peak rates of deposition can take place at different times within a fluvial system, as well as at different times between regions. The intermittent transport of LS can be thought of as a cascading system that reworks LS deposits from hillslopes, into channels and onto floodplains, such that anthropogenic sediment will be mixed with and non-anthropogenic sediment.
River systems record past and present imprints of anthropogenically-forced changes to the environment. LS is an element of change in this context, as it drives fluxes of energy and matter (connectivity) through fluvial systems and provides indication of past land-uses and river dynamics that can inform future trajectories of river response. In this sense, acknowledging the concept of LS can benefit informed policy development in stream restoration, water quality and sediment budget management, protection of aquatic ecosystems, and flood risk. Moreover, the implications of legacy effects associated with anthropogenically modified sediment dynamics are critical in the context of ecosystem services. | Most LS is generated on highlands by erosional processes related to mass-wasting, sheet flow, rills and gullies. The deposited colluvium has a low travel distance and accumulates in midslope drapes near the site of erosion, in aprons or sediment wedges at the base of the slope or in fans at the mouth of gullies, debris flows and tributaries.
Floodplains store alluvium through lateral and vertical accretion, i.e. bedload deposits are being incorporated into the floodplain. Depositional episodes reflect the balance between the amount of sediments available and the capacity for it to be transported. Accordingly, the nature of LS on floodplains can be of different nature: (1) graded, when an excess of sediment and a deficit in transport capacity buries floodplains in continuous deposits, (2) cascading, when abundant sediment and limited transport capacity results in a series of frequent, but separated pockets, (3) punctuated, when limited sediment supply but efficient transport leads to deposition only in locally isolated pockets.
In low energy environments like lakes, wetlands, estuaries, LS are dominated by very fine-grained material, such as silts and clays, and form beaches and beach-dune complexes. | [] | [
"Types and related landforms",
"Associated landforms"
] | [
"Sediments"
] |
projected-56568310-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy%20sediment | Legacy sediment | Source to sink relationships | Legacy sediment (LS) is depositional bodies of sediment inherited from the increase of human activities since the Neolithic. These include a broad range of land use and land cover changes, such as agricultural clearance, lumbering and clearance of native vegetation, mining, road building, urbanization, as well as alterations brought to river systems in the form of dams and other engineering structures meant to control and regulate natural fluvial processes (erosion, deposition, lateral migration, meandering). The concept of LS is used in geomorphology, ecology, as well as in water quality and toxicological studies.
LS is distributed in spatially heterogeneous ways throughout a landscape and accumulates to form various landforms. It can progress through the fluvial system through facies changes from hillslope colluvium, to floodplain and wetland alluvium, to fine-grained lacustrine and estuarine slackwater deposits. The temporal nature of LS is time-transgressive, meaning that initiation and peak rates of deposition can take place at different times within a fluvial system, as well as at different times between regions. The intermittent transport of LS can be thought of as a cascading system that reworks LS deposits from hillslopes, into channels and onto floodplains, such that anthropogenic sediment will be mixed with and non-anthropogenic sediment.
River systems record past and present imprints of anthropogenically-forced changes to the environment. LS is an element of change in this context, as it drives fluxes of energy and matter (connectivity) through fluvial systems and provides indication of past land-uses and river dynamics that can inform future trajectories of river response. In this sense, acknowledging the concept of LS can benefit informed policy development in stream restoration, water quality and sediment budget management, protection of aquatic ecosystems, and flood risk. Moreover, the implications of legacy effects associated with anthropogenically modified sediment dynamics are critical in the context of ecosystem services. | Another way to conceptualize the spatial pattern of LS throughout a watershed is through the notion of source and storage or sink zones. Stores differentiate themselves from sinks through their temporal persistence in the landscape, the first being temporary, while the second are more long-lasting. Highlands are characterized by local storage points near the sediment production zone, with larger storage spaces downstream in wider valleys with low gradients. Stores in this parts of a watershed have generally low residence times, as they are episodically reworked by the fluvial system. Sources are linked to sinks through transport or transfer zones, generally characterized by either high transport capacity or little accommodation space for sediment to accumulate in, e.g. steep narrow valleys that are highly effective in transferring sediment downstream. Sinks are most common in low-lying, low gradient areas where flow energy is dissipated across large surfaces, so that accumulation is dominant. Here, storage space and residence time of the deposits increases considerably relative to upstream parts of a watershed. | [] | [
"Types and related landforms",
"Source to sink relationships"
] | [
"Sediments"
] |
projected-56568310-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy%20sediment | Legacy sediment | Legacy effects | Legacy sediment (LS) is depositional bodies of sediment inherited from the increase of human activities since the Neolithic. These include a broad range of land use and land cover changes, such as agricultural clearance, lumbering and clearance of native vegetation, mining, road building, urbanization, as well as alterations brought to river systems in the form of dams and other engineering structures meant to control and regulate natural fluvial processes (erosion, deposition, lateral migration, meandering). The concept of LS is used in geomorphology, ecology, as well as in water quality and toxicological studies.
LS is distributed in spatially heterogeneous ways throughout a landscape and accumulates to form various landforms. It can progress through the fluvial system through facies changes from hillslope colluvium, to floodplain and wetland alluvium, to fine-grained lacustrine and estuarine slackwater deposits. The temporal nature of LS is time-transgressive, meaning that initiation and peak rates of deposition can take place at different times within a fluvial system, as well as at different times between regions. The intermittent transport of LS can be thought of as a cascading system that reworks LS deposits from hillslopes, into channels and onto floodplains, such that anthropogenic sediment will be mixed with and non-anthropogenic sediment.
River systems record past and present imprints of anthropogenically-forced changes to the environment. LS is an element of change in this context, as it drives fluxes of energy and matter (connectivity) through fluvial systems and provides indication of past land-uses and river dynamics that can inform future trajectories of river response. In this sense, acknowledging the concept of LS can benefit informed policy development in stream restoration, water quality and sediment budget management, protection of aquatic ecosystems, and flood risk. Moreover, the implications of legacy effects associated with anthropogenically modified sediment dynamics are critical in the context of ecosystem services. | Scientific studies documenting the widespread alteration of sediment dynamics (i.e. sediment supply, sediment entrainment, transport, erosion, deposition and storage) by humans lead to the evidence that human activities have come to dominate erosional, depositional and geochemical processes in ecosystems. This is especially pronounced in river systems, given that rivers are the lowest topographic points of any landscape and consequently collect water, solutes, mineral sediment and particular organic matter from the landscape, but also precipitation, solutes and particulates from the atmosphere. Furthermore, increased sediment supply to rivers but reduced sediment transport within a fluvial network resulted in the creation of legacy effects along almost all rivers across the world. For example, even though accelerated anthropogenic soil erosion has increased sediment transport of rivers across the globe by 2.3 (± 0.6) billion metric tons per year, sediment delivery to the world's coasts and oceans has been reduced by 1.4 (± 0.3) billion metric tons per year because of retention within reservoirs. More than 50% of the major watersheds over the world are impacted by dams. In the United States alone, it is estimated that only 2% of river kilometers are not affected by dams.
Human activities lead to legacy effects on river sediments, which manifest themselves as changes to the location, amount and composition of sediments. Legacy effects are temporally and spatially variable and the resulting sediment have varying spatial extents, accumulation rates and residence times within a river system. For example, removal of beaver dams may initially cause local sedimentation within a portion of basin that comprises solely a few hectares. Similarly, one milldam constructed within a river enhances deposition of sediment over several hectares. Conversely, construction of hundreds of kilometers of bank revetment structures, such as levees, has a much more extensive impact across a basin of nearly eliminating overbank sedimentation. Likewise, removal of native vegetation within an upland region of a basin may lead to significant aggradation of valley bottoms along almost the entire course of a river network. Wastewater treatment can remove contaminated sediment within less than a year, but heavy metals and synthetic chemicals may remain within river sediments at toxic standards for decades to centuries.
Three main effects of anthropogenic manipulation of ecosystems are to enhance sedimentation, to reduce or eliminate sedimentation and/or to contaminate sediments with various pollutants. | [] | [
"Legacy effects"
] | [
"Sediments"
] |
projected-56568310-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy%20sediment | Legacy sediment | Enhanced sedimentation | Legacy sediment (LS) is depositional bodies of sediment inherited from the increase of human activities since the Neolithic. These include a broad range of land use and land cover changes, such as agricultural clearance, lumbering and clearance of native vegetation, mining, road building, urbanization, as well as alterations brought to river systems in the form of dams and other engineering structures meant to control and regulate natural fluvial processes (erosion, deposition, lateral migration, meandering). The concept of LS is used in geomorphology, ecology, as well as in water quality and toxicological studies.
LS is distributed in spatially heterogeneous ways throughout a landscape and accumulates to form various landforms. It can progress through the fluvial system through facies changes from hillslope colluvium, to floodplain and wetland alluvium, to fine-grained lacustrine and estuarine slackwater deposits. The temporal nature of LS is time-transgressive, meaning that initiation and peak rates of deposition can take place at different times within a fluvial system, as well as at different times between regions. The intermittent transport of LS can be thought of as a cascading system that reworks LS deposits from hillslopes, into channels and onto floodplains, such that anthropogenic sediment will be mixed with and non-anthropogenic sediment.
River systems record past and present imprints of anthropogenically-forced changes to the environment. LS is an element of change in this context, as it drives fluxes of energy and matter (connectivity) through fluvial systems and provides indication of past land-uses and river dynamics that can inform future trajectories of river response. In this sense, acknowledging the concept of LS can benefit informed policy development in stream restoration, water quality and sediment budget management, protection of aquatic ecosystems, and flood risk. Moreover, the implications of legacy effects associated with anthropogenically modified sediment dynamics are critical in the context of ecosystem services. | Sedimentation is enhanced by activities that either increase sediment supply to the river from upstream (e.g. agricultural clearing, mining, grazing) or other parts of the watershed or decrease the transport capacity of the river (e.g. flow regulation).
The effects thereof may induce river metamorphosis, i.e. a whole-shift alteration of river morphology. For example, changing crops from grains to potatoes in late 19th century Poland resulted in such increased sediment yields, that meandering rivers metamorphosed into braided rivers. Copper mining in the headwaters of the Ok Tedi River in Papua New Guinea generated about 80 thousand tonnes per day of waste tailings and 121 thousand tonnes per day of mined wasted rock, which were discarded in the river and affected the entire course of the river network, as well as the nearshore environment. The river system responded by aggrading over 6 meters in parts of the basin a decade later. In California, the Bear River still continues to rework and move down sediment generated by mining activities more than a century after these stopped.
Indirectly, climate change can also enhance sedimentation through changes in precipitation and discharge patterns, which have been shown to result in increased mass movements, alterations of wildfire regimes and increased glacial melting. | [] | [
"Legacy effects",
"Enhanced sedimentation"
] | [
"Sediments"
] |
projected-56568310-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy%20sediment | Legacy sediment | Reduced sedimentation | Legacy sediment (LS) is depositional bodies of sediment inherited from the increase of human activities since the Neolithic. These include a broad range of land use and land cover changes, such as agricultural clearance, lumbering and clearance of native vegetation, mining, road building, urbanization, as well as alterations brought to river systems in the form of dams and other engineering structures meant to control and regulate natural fluvial processes (erosion, deposition, lateral migration, meandering). The concept of LS is used in geomorphology, ecology, as well as in water quality and toxicological studies.
LS is distributed in spatially heterogeneous ways throughout a landscape and accumulates to form various landforms. It can progress through the fluvial system through facies changes from hillslope colluvium, to floodplain and wetland alluvium, to fine-grained lacustrine and estuarine slackwater deposits. The temporal nature of LS is time-transgressive, meaning that initiation and peak rates of deposition can take place at different times within a fluvial system, as well as at different times between regions. The intermittent transport of LS can be thought of as a cascading system that reworks LS deposits from hillslopes, into channels and onto floodplains, such that anthropogenic sediment will be mixed with and non-anthropogenic sediment.
River systems record past and present imprints of anthropogenically-forced changes to the environment. LS is an element of change in this context, as it drives fluxes of energy and matter (connectivity) through fluvial systems and provides indication of past land-uses and river dynamics that can inform future trajectories of river response. In this sense, acknowledging the concept of LS can benefit informed policy development in stream restoration, water quality and sediment budget management, protection of aquatic ecosystems, and flood risk. Moreover, the implications of legacy effects associated with anthropogenically modified sediment dynamics are critical in the context of ecosystem services. | Sedimentation is reduced or removed altogether when human activities reduce sediment yields from upstream (e.g. dams and reservoirs within upland regions, sediment detention basins) or reduce the river channel's physical complexity (e.g. channelization, drainage) or disconnect river channels from adjacent floodplains and wetlands (e.g. levees, removal of beaver dams and logjams/large woody debris).
Rapid dam construction in the Mekong River system resulted in 38 dams (as of 2014) and an additional 133 proposed for the main stream and its tributary streams – if all of these were to be constructed, the overall sediment trapping capacity would be 96%. Estimates show that about 100 billion metric tons of sediment are presently stored in reservoirs that have been constructed over the past 50 years. Levee construction in the lower Mississippi River reduced overbank flows by 90%. Bank stabilization measures associated with this project reduced bank erosion and meander lateral migration, while dikes induced bed scour during low flows due to increased flow velocity. Overall, this project lead to a decrease of sediment storage on the floodplain from 89,600 to 7,000 square kilometers between 1882–2000. In Australia's Cann River, wood removal from the channel transformed downstream segments of the river network from a sediment sink to a sediment source. | [] | [
"Legacy effects",
"Reduced sedimentation"
] | [
"Sediments"
] |
projected-56568310-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy%20sediment | Legacy sediment | Contaminated sedimentation | Legacy sediment (LS) is depositional bodies of sediment inherited from the increase of human activities since the Neolithic. These include a broad range of land use and land cover changes, such as agricultural clearance, lumbering and clearance of native vegetation, mining, road building, urbanization, as well as alterations brought to river systems in the form of dams and other engineering structures meant to control and regulate natural fluvial processes (erosion, deposition, lateral migration, meandering). The concept of LS is used in geomorphology, ecology, as well as in water quality and toxicological studies.
LS is distributed in spatially heterogeneous ways throughout a landscape and accumulates to form various landforms. It can progress through the fluvial system through facies changes from hillslope colluvium, to floodplain and wetland alluvium, to fine-grained lacustrine and estuarine slackwater deposits. The temporal nature of LS is time-transgressive, meaning that initiation and peak rates of deposition can take place at different times within a fluvial system, as well as at different times between regions. The intermittent transport of LS can be thought of as a cascading system that reworks LS deposits from hillslopes, into channels and onto floodplains, such that anthropogenic sediment will be mixed with and non-anthropogenic sediment.
River systems record past and present imprints of anthropogenically-forced changes to the environment. LS is an element of change in this context, as it drives fluxes of energy and matter (connectivity) through fluvial systems and provides indication of past land-uses and river dynamics that can inform future trajectories of river response. In this sense, acknowledging the concept of LS can benefit informed policy development in stream restoration, water quality and sediment budget management, protection of aquatic ecosystems, and flood risk. Moreover, the implications of legacy effects associated with anthropogenically modified sediment dynamics are critical in the context of ecosystem services. | Human activities introduce or concentrate naturally occurring (e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus) or synthetic contaminants and pollutants that get absorbed in sediments and may lead, at toxic levels, to chronic or severe disruption of physiologic mechanisms in all organisms. The most common contaminants that can absorb fine sediment are trace metals, nutrients (e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pathogens, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
For instance, two tailing dams of gold mines located in Romanian tributaries of the Danube failed, thereby releasing vast amounts of cyanide-contaminated water and sediment for tens of kilometers downstream, which killed riverine organisms and affected human drinking-water supply for weeks. In the Rio San Juan basin of Peru, acid mine drainage was diverted into a natural lake, leading to extremely high concentrations copper, zinc and lead in the lake sediments. Samples taken by the USGS during 1993-2003 showed that median concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural streams are six times greater than background levels and that, across the US, concentrations in streams commonly lie above levels recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency in order to protect aquatic life. | [] | [
"Legacy effects",
"Contaminated sedimentation"
] | [
"Sediments"
] |
projected-56568310-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy%20sediment | Legacy sediment | See also | Legacy sediment (LS) is depositional bodies of sediment inherited from the increase of human activities since the Neolithic. These include a broad range of land use and land cover changes, such as agricultural clearance, lumbering and clearance of native vegetation, mining, road building, urbanization, as well as alterations brought to river systems in the form of dams and other engineering structures meant to control and regulate natural fluvial processes (erosion, deposition, lateral migration, meandering). The concept of LS is used in geomorphology, ecology, as well as in water quality and toxicological studies.
LS is distributed in spatially heterogeneous ways throughout a landscape and accumulates to form various landforms. It can progress through the fluvial system through facies changes from hillslope colluvium, to floodplain and wetland alluvium, to fine-grained lacustrine and estuarine slackwater deposits. The temporal nature of LS is time-transgressive, meaning that initiation and peak rates of deposition can take place at different times within a fluvial system, as well as at different times between regions. The intermittent transport of LS can be thought of as a cascading system that reworks LS deposits from hillslopes, into channels and onto floodplains, such that anthropogenic sediment will be mixed with and non-anthropogenic sediment.
River systems record past and present imprints of anthropogenically-forced changes to the environment. LS is an element of change in this context, as it drives fluxes of energy and matter (connectivity) through fluvial systems and provides indication of past land-uses and river dynamics that can inform future trajectories of river response. In this sense, acknowledging the concept of LS can benefit informed policy development in stream restoration, water quality and sediment budget management, protection of aquatic ecosystems, and flood risk. Moreover, the implications of legacy effects associated with anthropogenically modified sediment dynamics are critical in the context of ecosystem services. | Great Raft
Vulnerable waters | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Sediments"
] |
projected-56568310-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy%20sediment | Legacy sediment | Further reading | Legacy sediment (LS) is depositional bodies of sediment inherited from the increase of human activities since the Neolithic. These include a broad range of land use and land cover changes, such as agricultural clearance, lumbering and clearance of native vegetation, mining, road building, urbanization, as well as alterations brought to river systems in the form of dams and other engineering structures meant to control and regulate natural fluvial processes (erosion, deposition, lateral migration, meandering). The concept of LS is used in geomorphology, ecology, as well as in water quality and toxicological studies.
LS is distributed in spatially heterogeneous ways throughout a landscape and accumulates to form various landforms. It can progress through the fluvial system through facies changes from hillslope colluvium, to floodplain and wetland alluvium, to fine-grained lacustrine and estuarine slackwater deposits. The temporal nature of LS is time-transgressive, meaning that initiation and peak rates of deposition can take place at different times within a fluvial system, as well as at different times between regions. The intermittent transport of LS can be thought of as a cascading system that reworks LS deposits from hillslopes, into channels and onto floodplains, such that anthropogenic sediment will be mixed with and non-anthropogenic sediment.
River systems record past and present imprints of anthropogenically-forced changes to the environment. LS is an element of change in this context, as it drives fluxes of energy and matter (connectivity) through fluvial systems and provides indication of past land-uses and river dynamics that can inform future trajectories of river response. In this sense, acknowledging the concept of LS can benefit informed policy development in stream restoration, water quality and sediment budget management, protection of aquatic ecosystems, and flood risk. Moreover, the implications of legacy effects associated with anthropogenically modified sediment dynamics are critical in the context of ecosystem services. | Wohl, E. (2004). Disconnected Rivers: Linking Rivers to Landscapes. Yale University Press.
Brierley, G., Fryirs, K. (2005). Geomorphology and River Management: Applications of the River Styles Framework. Blackwell Publishing.
Wohl, E. (2014). Rivers in the Landscape: Science and Management. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | [] | [
"Further reading"
] | [
"Sediments"
] |
projected-56568310-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy%20sediment | Legacy sediment | References | Legacy sediment (LS) is depositional bodies of sediment inherited from the increase of human activities since the Neolithic. These include a broad range of land use and land cover changes, such as agricultural clearance, lumbering and clearance of native vegetation, mining, road building, urbanization, as well as alterations brought to river systems in the form of dams and other engineering structures meant to control and regulate natural fluvial processes (erosion, deposition, lateral migration, meandering). The concept of LS is used in geomorphology, ecology, as well as in water quality and toxicological studies.
LS is distributed in spatially heterogeneous ways throughout a landscape and accumulates to form various landforms. It can progress through the fluvial system through facies changes from hillslope colluvium, to floodplain and wetland alluvium, to fine-grained lacustrine and estuarine slackwater deposits. The temporal nature of LS is time-transgressive, meaning that initiation and peak rates of deposition can take place at different times within a fluvial system, as well as at different times between regions. The intermittent transport of LS can be thought of as a cascading system that reworks LS deposits from hillslopes, into channels and onto floodplains, such that anthropogenic sediment will be mixed with and non-anthropogenic sediment.
River systems record past and present imprints of anthropogenically-forced changes to the environment. LS is an element of change in this context, as it drives fluxes of energy and matter (connectivity) through fluvial systems and provides indication of past land-uses and river dynamics that can inform future trajectories of river response. In this sense, acknowledging the concept of LS can benefit informed policy development in stream restoration, water quality and sediment budget management, protection of aquatic ecosystems, and flood risk. Moreover, the implications of legacy effects associated with anthropogenically modified sediment dynamics are critical in the context of ecosystem services. | Category:Sediments | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Sediments"
] |
projected-44499197-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%20Light | Liquid Light | Introduction | Liquid Light is a New Jersey-based company that develops and licenses electrochemical process technology to make chemicals from carbon dioxide (CO2). The company has more than 100 patents and patent applications for the technology that can produce multiple chemicals such as ethylene glycol, propylene, isopropanol, methyl-methacrylate and acetic acid. Funding has been provided by VantagePoint Capital Partners, BP Ventures, Chrysalix Energy Venture Capital, Osage University Partners and Sustainable Conversion Ventures. Liquid Light's technology can be used to produce more than 60 chemicals, but its first targeted process is for the production of monoethylene glycol (MEG) which has a $27 billion annual market. MEG is used to make a wide range of consumer products including plastic bottles, antifreeze and polyester fiber. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Companies based in New Jersey",
"Chemical companies of the United States"
] | |
projected-44499197-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%20Light | Liquid Light | Company history | Liquid Light is a New Jersey-based company that develops and licenses electrochemical process technology to make chemicals from carbon dioxide (CO2). The company has more than 100 patents and patent applications for the technology that can produce multiple chemicals such as ethylene glycol, propylene, isopropanol, methyl-methacrylate and acetic acid. Funding has been provided by VantagePoint Capital Partners, BP Ventures, Chrysalix Energy Venture Capital, Osage University Partners and Sustainable Conversion Ventures. Liquid Light's technology can be used to produce more than 60 chemicals, but its first targeted process is for the production of monoethylene glycol (MEG) which has a $27 billion annual market. MEG is used to make a wide range of consumer products including plastic bottles, antifreeze and polyester fiber. | Liquid Light began operations in 2009 with seed capital from Redpoint Ventures after being co-founded by Kyle Teamey, Emily Cole, Andrew Bocarsly, Fouad Elnaggar and Nety Krishna. The company licensed technology developed by Bocarsly and Cole at Princeton University for electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to chemicals and subsequently began to develop additional technology for commercial implementation and to broaden the potential product offerings. After validating the technology at lab scale and beginning engineering scale-up, the company unveiled the first product, a process for making MEG, in March 2014 and subsequently won significant industry recognition including the CCEMC Grand Challenge, the CleanTech 100 Rising Star of the Year, and a #1 ranking in Biofuels Digest’s 40 Hottest Smaller Companies in the Advanced Bioeconomy. The company closed a $15 million series B round of investment in September 2014 from investors including VantagePoint Capital Partners, Chrysalix Energy Venture Capital, Osage University Partners, Sustainable Conversion Ventures, and BP Ventures.
On January 10, 2017 Avantium announced its acquisition of Liquid Light for an undisclosed amount. | [] | [
"Company history"
] | [
"Companies based in New Jersey",
"Chemical companies of the United States"
] |
projected-44499197-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%20Light | Liquid Light | Technology | Liquid Light is a New Jersey-based company that develops and licenses electrochemical process technology to make chemicals from carbon dioxide (CO2). The company has more than 100 patents and patent applications for the technology that can produce multiple chemicals such as ethylene glycol, propylene, isopropanol, methyl-methacrylate and acetic acid. Funding has been provided by VantagePoint Capital Partners, BP Ventures, Chrysalix Energy Venture Capital, Osage University Partners and Sustainable Conversion Ventures. Liquid Light's technology can be used to produce more than 60 chemicals, but its first targeted process is for the production of monoethylene glycol (MEG) which has a $27 billion annual market. MEG is used to make a wide range of consumer products including plastic bottles, antifreeze and polyester fiber. | Liquid Light’s core technology is based on the principles of electrochemistry and electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. The process under development for production of MEG first converts carbon dioxide into a two carbon intermediate called oxalate or oxalic acid. Oxalate is then converted to MEG in separate process steps that have potentially lower costs of production than petroleum-based processes. Liquid Light has developed additional technology to make other products from oxalic acid including glycolic acid, glyoxylic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol. | [] | [
"Technology"
] | [
"Companies based in New Jersey",
"Chemical companies of the United States"
] |
projected-44499197-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%20Light | Liquid Light | See also | Liquid Light is a New Jersey-based company that develops and licenses electrochemical process technology to make chemicals from carbon dioxide (CO2). The company has more than 100 patents and patent applications for the technology that can produce multiple chemicals such as ethylene glycol, propylene, isopropanol, methyl-methacrylate and acetic acid. Funding has been provided by VantagePoint Capital Partners, BP Ventures, Chrysalix Energy Venture Capital, Osage University Partners and Sustainable Conversion Ventures. Liquid Light's technology can be used to produce more than 60 chemicals, but its first targeted process is for the production of monoethylene glycol (MEG) which has a $27 billion annual market. MEG is used to make a wide range of consumer products including plastic bottles, antifreeze and polyester fiber. | Carbon dioxide | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Companies based in New Jersey",
"Chemical companies of the United States"
] |
projected-23575721-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missa%20Cellensis%20in%20honorem%20Beatissimae%20Virginis%20Mariae | Missa Cellensis in honorem Beatissimae Virginis Mariae | Introduction | The Missa Cellensis in honorem Beatissimae Virginis Mariae in C major by Joseph Haydn, Hob. XXII:5, Novello 3, was originally written in 1766, after Haydn was promoted to Kapellmeister at Eszterháza following the death of Gregor Joseph Werner. The original title as it appears on the only surviving fragment of Haydn's autograph score, that has been discovered around 1970 in Budapest, clearly assigns the mass to the pilgrimage cult of Mariazell, Styria. Until that discovery, the work was known as Missa Sanctae Caeciliae, or in German Cäcilienmesse, a title probably attributed to the mass in the 19th century. Whether the alternative title refers to a performance of the piece by the St. Cecilia's Congregation, a Viennese musician's fraternity, on some St. Cecilia's day (22 November), as has been suggested, remains speculation.
It is believed that the original manuscript was lost in the Eisenstadt fire of 1768, and that when Haydn rewrote the piece from memory, he may also have expanded it. It may have originally consisted of only Kyrie and Gloria, with the other parts added later. This Mass was known to Anton Bruckner.
The mass is scored for vocal soloists, SATB choir, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 trumpets in C, timpani, strings and organ, the latter supplying figured bass for most of the duration.
The setting is divided into six movements.
Kyrie Adagio (ossia Largo), C major, common time
"Kyrie eleison" Allegro con spirito, C major, common time
"Christe eleison" Allegretto, A minor, 3/4
"Kyrie eleison" Vivace, C major, common time
Gloria Allegro di molto, C major, 3/4
"Laudamus te, benedicimus te" Moderato, G major, common time
"Gratias agimus" Alla breve, E minor, cut time
"Domine Deus, Rex coelestis" Allegro, C major, 3/8
"Qui tollis peccata mundi" Adagio, C minor, common time
"Quoniam tu solus sanctus" Allegro di molto, C major, common time
"Cum Sancto spiritu" Largo, C major, common time
"In gloria Dei Patris" Allegro con spirito, C major, common time
Credo Vivace, C major, common time
"Et incarnatus est" Largo, C minor, common time
"Et resurrexit" Allegro, C major, 3/4
Sanctus Adagio, C major, common time
Benedictus Andante, C minor, cut time
"Osanna" Allegro, C major, common time
Agnus Dei Largo, A minor, common time
"Dona nobis pacem" Presto, C major, 3/4
While Jonathan Green finds the choral parts to be of medium difficulty, he finds the orchestral parts quite difficult, and recommends seasoned, "technically secure" players. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Masses by Joseph Haydn",
"1766 compositions",
"Compositions in C major"
] | |
projected-23575721-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missa%20Cellensis%20in%20honorem%20Beatissimae%20Virginis%20Mariae | Missa Cellensis in honorem Beatissimae Virginis Mariae | References | The Missa Cellensis in honorem Beatissimae Virginis Mariae in C major by Joseph Haydn, Hob. XXII:5, Novello 3, was originally written in 1766, after Haydn was promoted to Kapellmeister at Eszterháza following the death of Gregor Joseph Werner. The original title as it appears on the only surviving fragment of Haydn's autograph score, that has been discovered around 1970 in Budapest, clearly assigns the mass to the pilgrimage cult of Mariazell, Styria. Until that discovery, the work was known as Missa Sanctae Caeciliae, or in German Cäcilienmesse, a title probably attributed to the mass in the 19th century. Whether the alternative title refers to a performance of the piece by the St. Cecilia's Congregation, a Viennese musician's fraternity, on some St. Cecilia's day (22 November), as has been suggested, remains speculation.
It is believed that the original manuscript was lost in the Eisenstadt fire of 1768, and that when Haydn rewrote the piece from memory, he may also have expanded it. It may have originally consisted of only Kyrie and Gloria, with the other parts added later. This Mass was known to Anton Bruckner.
The mass is scored for vocal soloists, SATB choir, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 trumpets in C, timpani, strings and organ, the latter supplying figured bass for most of the duration.
The setting is divided into six movements.
Kyrie Adagio (ossia Largo), C major, common time
"Kyrie eleison" Allegro con spirito, C major, common time
"Christe eleison" Allegretto, A minor, 3/4
"Kyrie eleison" Vivace, C major, common time
Gloria Allegro di molto, C major, 3/4
"Laudamus te, benedicimus te" Moderato, G major, common time
"Gratias agimus" Alla breve, E minor, cut time
"Domine Deus, Rex coelestis" Allegro, C major, 3/8
"Qui tollis peccata mundi" Adagio, C minor, common time
"Quoniam tu solus sanctus" Allegro di molto, C major, common time
"Cum Sancto spiritu" Largo, C major, common time
"In gloria Dei Patris" Allegro con spirito, C major, common time
Credo Vivace, C major, common time
"Et incarnatus est" Largo, C minor, common time
"Et resurrexit" Allegro, C major, 3/4
Sanctus Adagio, C major, common time
Benedictus Andante, C minor, cut time
"Osanna" Allegro, C major, common time
Agnus Dei Largo, A minor, common time
"Dona nobis pacem" Presto, C major, 3/4
While Jonathan Green finds the choral parts to be of medium difficulty, he finds the orchestral parts quite difficult, and recommends seasoned, "technically secure" players. | Dack, James (1982). "The Dating of Haydn's Missa Cellensis in honorem Beatissimae Virginis Mariae: An Interim Discussion", Haydn Yearbook 13
Green, Jonathan D. (2002). A Conductor's Guide to Choral-Orchestral Works, Classical Period: Volume 1: Haydn and Mozart, Scarecrow Press, New York
Hugues, Rosemary (1974). Haydn, J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd, London.
Larsen, Jens Peter and Feder, Georg (1997). The New Grove Haydn, W. W. Norton & Co., New York
Schenbeck, Lawrence (1996). Joseph Haydn and the Classical Choral Tradition, Hinshaw Music, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Sisman, Elaine Rochelle (1997). Haydn and His World, Princeton University Press, Princeton
Strimple, Nick (2008). Choral music in the nineteenth century, Hal Leonard, New York | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Masses by Joseph Haydn",
"1766 compositions",
"Compositions in C major"
] |
projected-71476023-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%20Are%20the%20Ants | We Are the Ants | Introduction | We Are the Ants is a young adult science fiction novel by Shaun David Hutchinson, published January 19, 2016 by Simon Pulse with a 24-page companion story, “What We Pretend to Be,” published on the publisher's website, Riveted, later that year.
The book follows Henry, whose boyfriend recently committed suicide. Henry is abducted by aliens and has 144 days to decide whether to push a button that will save the Earth from alien destruction. However, he's not sure Earth is worth saving until he meets Diego, an artist with a troubled past. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"2016 children's books",
"2016 science fiction novels",
"Simon & Schuster books",
"2010s LGBT novels",
"American LGBT novels",
"Censored books",
"Censorship of LGBT issues"
] | |
projected-71476023-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%20Are%20the%20Ants | We Are the Ants | Reception | We Are the Ants is a young adult science fiction novel by Shaun David Hutchinson, published January 19, 2016 by Simon Pulse with a 24-page companion story, “What We Pretend to Be,” published on the publisher's website, Riveted, later that year.
The book follows Henry, whose boyfriend recently committed suicide. Henry is abducted by aliens and has 144 days to decide whether to push a button that will save the Earth from alien destruction. However, he's not sure Earth is worth saving until he meets Diego, an artist with a troubled past. | The book was generally well-received by critics, including starred reviews from Booklist, Kirkus Reviews, School Library Journal, Publishers Weekly, and Shelf Awareness. Kirkus called the book "[b]itterly funny, with a ray of hope amid bleakness." Shelf Awareness echoed the sentiment, calling the novel "bracingly smart and unusual." As if explaining the book's unusualness, School Library Journal compared the storyline and writing style to Nick Burd’s The Vast Fields of Ordinary and Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse Five. Booklist further explained, "Hutchinson’s excellent novel of ideas invites readers to wonder about their place in a world that often seems uncaring and meaningless. The novel is never didactic; on the contrary, it is unfailingly dramatic and crackling with characters who become real upon the page."
The Lambda Literary Foundation and Voice of Youth Advocates (VOYA) also praised the book for its thematic contents. VOYA said the novel tells "a very complex story about serious subjects." Lambda Literary expanded on the idea, saying it "is a book about more than love and loss; it’s about struggling to find motivation and not taking the people in your life for granted.” Both complimented Hutchinson's writing. Lambda Literary called the book "a beautiful, masterfully told story by someone who is at the top of his craft," and VOYA noted, "The voices of each character are strong and unique."
The Horn Book Magazine provided a mixed review that complimented the character development but called the plot "lagging" and "issue-laden." | [] | [
"Reception"
] | [
"2016 children's books",
"2016 science fiction novels",
"Simon & Schuster books",
"2010s LGBT novels",
"American LGBT novels",
"Censored books",
"Censorship of LGBT issues"
] |
projected-71476023-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%20Are%20the%20Ants | We Are the Ants | Awards and honors | We Are the Ants is a young adult science fiction novel by Shaun David Hutchinson, published January 19, 2016 by Simon Pulse with a 24-page companion story, “What We Pretend to Be,” published on the publisher's website, Riveted, later that year.
The book follows Henry, whose boyfriend recently committed suicide. Henry is abducted by aliens and has 144 days to decide whether to push a button that will save the Earth from alien destruction. However, he's not sure Earth is worth saving until he meets Diego, an artist with a troubled past. | We Are the Ants has been named on multiple "best of" lists, including Time's continuously updated "100 Best YA Books of All Time," as well as School Library Journal'''s and Shelf Awareness's lists of the best books of the year.
The book is also a Junior Library Guild selection.
Controversy
On November 4, 2021, the Keller Independent School District in Keller, Texas unanimously decided to the book would only be available in the high school.
In 2022, We Are the Ants'' was listed among 52 books banned by the Alpine School District following the implementation of Utah law H.B. 374, “Sensitive Materials In Schools." Forty-two percent of removed books “feature LBGTQ+ characters and or themes.” Many of the books were removed because they were considered to contain pornographic material according to the new law, which defines porn using the following criteria:
"The average person" would find that the material, on the whole, "appeals to prurient interest in sex"
The material "is patently offensive in the description or depiction of nudity, sexual conduct, sexual excitement, sadomasochistic abuse, or excretion"
The material, on the whole, "does not have serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value." | [] | [
"Reception",
"Awards and honors"
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"2016 children's books",
"2016 science fiction novels",
"Simon & Schuster books",
"2010s LGBT novels",
"American LGBT novels",
"Censored books",
"Censorship of LGBT issues"
] |
projected-71476023-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%20Are%20the%20Ants | We Are the Ants | References | We Are the Ants is a young adult science fiction novel by Shaun David Hutchinson, published January 19, 2016 by Simon Pulse with a 24-page companion story, “What We Pretend to Be,” published on the publisher's website, Riveted, later that year.
The book follows Henry, whose boyfriend recently committed suicide. Henry is abducted by aliens and has 144 days to decide whether to push a button that will save the Earth from alien destruction. However, he's not sure Earth is worth saving until he meets Diego, an artist with a troubled past. | Category:2016 children's books
Category:2016 science fiction novels
Category:Simon & Schuster books
Category:2010s LGBT novels
Category:American LGBT novels
Category:Censored books
Category:Censorship of LGBT issues | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"2016 children's books",
"2016 science fiction novels",
"Simon & Schuster books",
"2010s LGBT novels",
"American LGBT novels",
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"Censorship of LGBT issues"
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projected-56568313-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignazio%20Florio%20Sr. | Ignazio Florio Sr. | Introduction | Ignazio Florio Sr. (Palermo, 16 December 1838 – Palermo, 17 May 1891) was an Italian entrepreneur and politician, member of the rich Florio economic dynasty, one of the wealthiest Italian families during the late 19th century. | [] | [
"Introduction"
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"19th-century Italian businesspeople",
"Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy",
"Businesspeople from Palermo",
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"1891 deaths",
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] | |
projected-56568313-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignazio%20Florio%20Sr. | Ignazio Florio Sr. | Biography | Ignazio Florio Sr. (Palermo, 16 December 1838 – Palermo, 17 May 1891) was an Italian entrepreneur and politician, member of the rich Florio economic dynasty, one of the wealthiest Italian families during the late 19th century. | The son of Vincenzo Florio Sr., the founder of the entrepreneurial Florio family dynasty, and of Giulia Portalupi, Ignazio was born in Palermo on 17 December 1838. After the death of his father, in 1868, he resolved the problems of the division of the inheritance that could have meant the liquidation of the flourishing enterprise.
The other heirs, his sisters Giuseppina and Angelina, were not interested in the family businesses and preferred the payment of their parts. This required cash outflows of over 4 million lire, corresponding to more than a third of the value of all assets. Ignazio succeeded in dealing with the financial effort without affecting the productive activities. Free from constraints, he set about to consolidate and further develop the business empire.
In 1874, Ignazio Florio Sr. purchased the island of Favignana and the whole archipelago of the Aegadian Islands in order to expand the tuna business started by his family. Over time he brought the flotilla of the paternal shipping line Societa in Accomandita Piroscafi Postali-Ignazio & Vicenzo Florio (Florio Line) to a hundred units and in 1881 merged with the Rubattino company in Genoa, giving rise to the Navigazione Generale Italiana. At the time of the merger, the Florio Line was already a major company with a monopoly of the trade in the Mediterranean. The New York Times described the Florios as the "merchant princes of Europe". The Florio Line brought 50 ships into the merger, while Rubattino contributed 40.
He also considerably developed all the other industries founded by his father. In 1883 he was appointed Senator of the Kingdom of Italy, due to the fact that he had paid three thousand lire of direct taxation for three years because of his assets or industry. At his death in 1891 Ignazio Sr. left his two sons, Ignazio Florio Jr. and Vincenzo Florio, with assets valued at around 100 million lire.
A public Monument to Ignazio Florio was erected in 1909 in the center of Piazza Florio of Palermo. | [] | [
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projected-56568313-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignazio%20Florio%20Sr. | Ignazio Florio Sr. | Issue | Ignazio Florio Sr. (Palermo, 16 December 1838 – Palermo, 17 May 1891) was an Italian entrepreneur and politician, member of the rich Florio economic dynasty, one of the wealthiest Italian families during the late 19th century. | Ignazio Jr. and his wife – baroness Giovanna D'Ondes Trigona – had three children:
Ignazio Jr. (1869–1957)
Giulia (1870–1947)
Vincenzo (1883–1959) | [] | [
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"19th-century Italian businesspeople",
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projected-56568313-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignazio%20Florio%20Sr. | Ignazio Florio Sr. | Further reading | Ignazio Florio Sr. (Palermo, 16 December 1838 – Palermo, 17 May 1891) was an Italian entrepreneur and politician, member of the rich Florio economic dynasty, one of the wealthiest Italian families during the late 19th century. | Candela, Simona. I Florio. Sellerio (Palermo, 2008).
Cancila, Orazio. I Florio: Storia di una dinastia imprenditoriale. Giunti (Florence, 2010).
Li Vigni, Benito. La dinastia dei Florio: romanzo storico. Sovera (Rome, 2013).
Lo Jacono, Vittorio & Zanda, Carmen. Franca Florio e Vincenzo Florio: due miti di Sicilia. (2016). | [] | [
"Further reading"
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"19th-century Italian businesspeople",
"Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy",
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] |
projected-71476033-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal%20Law%20Amendment%20Act%201912 | Criminal Law Amendment Act 1912 | Introduction | The Criminal Law Amendment Act 1912, extended provisions of the 1824 Act to Scotland and Ireland and widened the scope of the original bill. The Amendment act is also known as the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1912; and the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1885. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Prostitution law in the United Kingdom",
"United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1912"
] | |
projected-71476033-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal%20Law%20Amendment%20Act%201912 | Criminal Law Amendment Act 1912 | Amendments | The Criminal Law Amendment Act 1912, extended provisions of the 1824 Act to Scotland and Ireland and widened the scope of the original bill. The Amendment act is also known as the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1912; and the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1885. | The Bill introduced a number of new amendments including
Any male could now be whipped in private as a punishment. The court would decide on the instrument used and how many strokes would be administered.
The 'person in charge' of brothels was now liable to charges not just the 'occupier'
Arresting any man who would aid or abbett a prostitute | [] | [
"Amendments"
] | [
"Prostitution law in the United Kingdom",
"United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1912"
] |
projected-71476033-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal%20Law%20Amendment%20Act%201912 | Criminal Law Amendment Act 1912 | Application of Act | The Criminal Law Amendment Act 1912, extended provisions of the 1824 Act to Scotland and Ireland and widened the scope of the original bill. The Amendment act is also known as the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1912; and the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1885. | The act would not apply to criminal proceedings triggered before the act came into effect. | [] | [
"Application of Act"
] | [
"Prostitution law in the United Kingdom",
"United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1912"
] |
projected-71476033-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal%20Law%20Amendment%20Act%201912 | Criminal Law Amendment Act 1912 | References | The Criminal Law Amendment Act 1912, extended provisions of the 1824 Act to Scotland and Ireland and widened the scope of the original bill. The Amendment act is also known as the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1912; and the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1885. | Category:Prostitution law in the United Kingdom
Category:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1912 | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Prostitution law in the United Kingdom",
"United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1912"
] |
projected-26723375-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20fratricides%20in%20fiction | List of fratricides in fiction | Introduction | Following is a list of notable fratricides. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Fratricides",
"Death-related lists"
] | |
projected-26723375-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20fratricides%20in%20fiction | List of fratricides in fiction | Legend and mythology | Following is a list of notable fratricides. | Medea killed her brother Apsyrtus in order to help Jason escape Colchis after obtaining the Golden Fleece. (Greek myth)
In Völuspá, the forecast of the world in Nordic mythology, one of the signs of the end of the world is an increase in fratricides.
Höðr is manipulated into killing his brother Baldur in Nordic mythology.
Romulus killed Remus, his twin brother and co-founder of Rome.
Osiris, one of the principal deities of Egyptian mythology, was murdered by his evil brother Set. His wife and sister Isis resurrected him and he became the god of the dead and the underworld.
Eteocles and Polynices kill each other in ensuing battle over the throne of Thebes, Greece in Sophocles' Antigone (Sophocles).
When both change into different armor, Sir Balin and Sir Balan kill each other in a duel, with Balin shortly outliving his brother and realizing what had happened, according to Arthurian Legend.
The Biblical story of Cain and Abel.
The Biblical story of , where Absalom kills Amnon after King David, their father, fails to punish Amnon for raping Tamar, their sister.
The Pandavas killed their brother Karna in the epic Mahabharata but they did not know that Karna was their brother, at the time of his killing.
Genghis Khan killed his older brother following a dispute.
In Historia regum Britanniae Porrex, the son of the King of Britain Gorboduc, slew his elder brother Ferrex in a dispute over rule of Britain. | [] | [
"Legend and mythology"
] | [
"Fratricides",
"Death-related lists"
] |
projected-26723375-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20fratricides%20in%20fiction | List of fratricides in fiction | Literature and film | Following is a list of notable fratricides. | Claudius killed King Hamlet, his brother, and married his sister-in-law, Gertrude, in order to become King of Denmark in William Shakespeare's Hamlet.
In the Thomas Harris novel Hannibal, Margot Verger kills her brother Mason as revenge for his abuse of her when they were younger, as she was encouraged to do by her former therapist, Dr. Hannibal Lecter.
In William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom!, Henry Sutpen murders his half-brother Charles Bon.
In Yuval Noah Harari's Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind prehistoric Homo Sapiens kills all the other homo 'brothers and sisters' species.
In the ninja anime series Naruto, Sasuke Uchiha kills his brother Itachi Uchiha to avenge the murder of their family.
In the manga and anime series Ginga Densetsu Weed, Hougen, the tyrannical Great Dane, and one of the villains of the series, is forced kill his younger brother, Genba, after he has a fight with the protagonists, falls and hits his head on a rock, gaining intellectual disability and memory loss. In the anime, Genba has memory loss and becomes so brain-damaged, that he reacts violently to everything around him and attacks Hougen, to which he kills him out of mercy.
In Idylls of the King Balin and Balan kill each other mistakenly
In Invincible, the last book in the Star Wars: Legacy of the Force series, Jedi Knight Jaina Solo is forced to kill her twin brother Jacen in a lightsaber duel, after Jacen turns to the dark side of the Force and becomes a Sith Lord.
In The Vampire Diaries, it is revealed that, in a moment of extreme grief over losing the woman they both loved, brothers Damon and Stefan Salvatore get swords and duel, where Damon kills Stefan, but Stefan manages to plunge his sword into Damon before he himself dies. Later, they both wake to find that they have become vampires.
In anime series Dragon Ball Z, the main character, Son Goku kills his brother Raditz with the help of Piccolo.
In One Piece Donquixote Doflamingo kills his younger brother Rocinante after his treason is confirmed.
In The Skin I Live In Dr Robert Ledgrad kills his half-brother Zeca, unaware that they are brothers.
In A Song of Ice and Fire, Stannis Baratheon kills his vain and ambitious younger brother Renly Baratheon, Euron Greyjoy slays his half-brothers Harlon and Robyn Greyjoy, and is responsible for the death of his brother Balon Greyjoy, and Ramsay Bolton is suspected of poisoning his half-brother Domeric Bolton.
In the prequel series The Tales of Dunk and Egg Prince Maekar Targaryen (later Maekar I), accidentally kills his oldest brother Prince Baelor Targaryen. One of their father Daeron II's half-brothers, Brynden Rivers, is mentioned to have killed another half-brother, King Daemon I Blackfyre, in battle.
Another prequel The Princess and the Queen mentions the twin knights Ser Arryk Cargyll and Ser Erryk Cargyll, who slew each other. | [] | [
"Literature and film"
] | [
"Fratricides",
"Death-related lists"
] |
projected-26723375-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20fratricides%20in%20fiction | List of fratricides in fiction | Film and television | Following is a list of notable fratricides. | In The Legend of Mor'du, the prince Mor'du transformed into a monstrous bear and murdered his 3 younger brothers in cold-blood rather than share the Kingdom with them as their father intended.
Michael Corleone (in The Godfather Part II) has his brother Fredo shot.
Scar murders his older brother Mufasa in order to usurp his throne in The Lion King.
In the 1979 anime, Mobile Suit Gundam, Kycilia Zabi kills her brother, Gihren Zabi, to avenge her father's death.
In Power Rangers Operation Overdrive, Flurious destroys his own brother Moltor, by freezing him and shattering him.
In the anime Code Geass, Lelouch Lamperouge kills his half-brother Clovis la Britannia as an act of (partial) revenge, in order to stop a massacre ordered to cover up the loss and recovery of an illegal research subject.
In the anime Shaman King, Yoh Asakura kills his twin brother Hao in order to prevent his genocidal agenda against humanity.
The Flame King killed his own brother in "Ignition Point" the episode of Adventure Time.
In the season 1 finale of Dexter, Dexter murders his older brother, the "Ice-Truck Killer". This is the conclusion of a major story arc in the first season.
In the second episode of season 3 of NCIS Mossad Officer Ziva David shoots her paternal half brother Ari Hazwari who is also the control officer in defence of Gibbs. As Hazwari had killed Gibbs agent Caitlin Todd. Gibbs took responsibility for the death. It was revealed in the season 6 finale and second episode of season 7 it is revealed that their shared father Eli David ordered the killing of his son and gain NCIS trust but Ziva shot Ari to save Gibbs not to kill her brother.
Nino Brown kills his brother G Money in New Jack City for disloyalty, and as the only way for Nino to start over. G Money asks "am I my brother's keeper".
In From Dusk till Dawn, Seth kills his brother Richie, who has turned into a vampire. Kate is forced to do the same with her brother, Scott.
In Harper's Island, Henry Dunn kills his brother JD at a rainy boat dock.
In Star Trek: The Next Generation, Data is forced to kill his brother Lore.
In Halloween H20: 20 Years Later Laurie Strode allegedly decapitates her older brother serial killer Michael Myers with an ax, but in Halloween: Resurrection, it's revealed that the latter switched places with a paramedic.
In One Tree Hill Season 3, Episode 16, Dan Scott kills his older brother Keith Scott during a school shooting, because he believes he tried to kill him first in a fire. | [] | [
"Film and television"
] | [
"Fratricides",
"Death-related lists"
] |
projected-26723375-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20fratricides%20in%20fiction | List of fratricides in fiction | Video games | Following is a list of notable fratricides. | In Fatal Frame II: Crimson Butterfly, when twin girls were not available, twin brothers were used in a ritual in which one brother strangles the other. The one documented occurrence of this is when Itsuki Tachibana killed his brother Mutsuki. It is implied that Ryokan Kurosawa, the father of Yae and Sae Kurosawa, also killed his twin brother.
In Final Fantasy XII, Vayne Solidor, the main antagonist and eventual final boss, kills two of his older brothers at the order of his father, Emperor Gramis Solidor (whom Vayne eventually kills as well), only before he is ironically killed by the player's party with assistance from his brother, Larsa.
In Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver, Raziel kills his vampire brothers as he seeks out his creator Kain.
In the Metal Gear series, Solid Snake commits fratricide, patricide and, unknowingly, matricide.
In Devil May Cry, Dante kills his twin brother Vergil (under the guise of Nelo Angelo), unaware of the fact that Nelo Angelo was actually his twin brother. In the novels, he thought he had killed Vergil after shooting him while he was under the guise of Gilver.
In Mortal Kombat: Deception, Noob Saibot's (non canon) ending shows him violently murdering his own brother, Sub-Zero with the help of Smoke by ripping him in half.
In World in Conflict: Soviet Assault the overzealous and brainwashed Soviet Captain Malashenko kills his commanding officer Colonel Orlovsky, who is also his uncle, after the Colonel goes against orders to save his men.
In Galerians, protagonist Rion Steiner kills his "brother" Cain, who strongly resembles him.
In Portal, the player earns the "Fratricide" achievement upon destroying the Weighted Companion Cube.
In one of the endings of Baroque, the protagonist kills his twin brother.
In Grandia II, the protagonist Ryudo is forced to defeat (and thus kill) his demon-possessed brother Melfice.
In Baldur's Gate, the player character will fight against, and kill, his or her half-brother Sarevok.
In Baldur's Gate II: Throne of Bhaal the player character will fight and kill a number of his or her half-brother and half-sisters—the Bhaalspawn—including Illasera, Gromnir Il-Khan, Sendai, Abazigal and Balthazar, collectively known as "The Five".
At the end of the storyline of the video game Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars, Huang's uncle Kenny Lee is found out to be the one who had Huang's father killed by two men, who was Kenny Lee's brother, which Huang was trying to find out at the start of the game, and avenge his father's death.
In Undead Knights, Romulus Blood, a human knight turned demonic necromancer, accidentally kills his younger brother Remus in an exhausted rage.
In Grand Theft Auto IV the playable character, Niko Bellic will be given a choice of killing one of two brothers, who each have asked him to kill the other.
In Hatoful Boyfriend Yuuya Sakazaki was ordered to murder his brother, but killed his half-brother instead.
In Overwatch, when Genji Shimada refused to change his behavior for the good of his family's business, his brother Hanzo was forced to kill him.
Fratricides | [] | [
"Video games"
] | [
"Fratricides",
"Death-related lists"
] |
projected-44499201-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hare%20nome | Hare nome | Introduction | The Hare nome, also called the Hermopolite nome (Egyptian: Wenet) was one of the 42 nomoi (administrative divisions) in ancient Egypt; more precisely, it was the 15th nome of Upper Egypt.
The Hare nome's main city was Khemenu (later Hermopolis Magna, and the modern el-Ashmunein) in Middle Egypt. The local main deity was Thoth, though the inscriptions on the White Chapel of Senusret I links this nome with the cult of Bes and Unut. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Nomes of ancient Egypt"
] | |
projected-44499201-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hare%20nome | Hare nome | History | The Hare nome, also called the Hermopolite nome (Egyptian: Wenet) was one of the 42 nomoi (administrative divisions) in ancient Egypt; more precisely, it was the 15th nome of Upper Egypt.
The Hare nome's main city was Khemenu (later Hermopolis Magna, and the modern el-Ashmunein) in Middle Egypt. The local main deity was Thoth, though the inscriptions on the White Chapel of Senusret I links this nome with the cult of Bes and Unut. | The Hare nome was already recognized during the 4th Dynasty of the Old Kingdom as shown by the triad statue of pharaoh Menkaure, Hathor, and an anthropomorphized-deified depiction of the nome. It is known that during the 6th Dynasty its nomarchs were buried in the necropolis of El-Sheikh Sa'id.
The nome kept its importance during the First Intermediate Period and the subsequent Middle Kingdom; its governors were also responsible of the alabaster quarrying at Hatnub in the Eastern Desert, they owned exclusive offices such as "director of the double throne" and great one of the five", and also were high priests of Thot. Since the First Intermediate Period they moved slightly northward their official necropolis to Deir el-Bersha, where their remarkable though poorly preserved rock-cut tombs were excavated. During the Middle Kingdom the Hare nome was ruled by a rather branched dynasty of nomarchs usually named Ahanakht, Djehutynakht or Neheri. The last known among them, Djehutihotep, was also the owner of the most elaborate and preserved tomb of the Deir el-Bersha necropolis; he ruled until the early reign of Senusret III who is known to have put into action serious steps to minimize the power held by all nomarchs.
During the Second Intermediate Period the Hare nome assimilated the neighboring Oryx nome (16th of Upper Egypt). | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Nomes of ancient Egypt"
] |
projected-44499201-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hare%20nome | Hare nome | Old Kingdom | The Hare nome, also called the Hermopolite nome (Egyptian: Wenet) was one of the 42 nomoi (administrative divisions) in ancient Egypt; more precisely, it was the 15th nome of Upper Egypt.
The Hare nome's main city was Khemenu (later Hermopolis Magna, and the modern el-Ashmunein) in Middle Egypt. The local main deity was Thoth, though the inscriptions on the White Chapel of Senusret I links this nome with the cult of Bes and Unut. | This is a list of the known nomarchs, dating to the Old Kingdom. They were buried at El-Sheikh Sa'id.
Serefka (5th Dynasty)
Werirni (5th Dynasty, son of Serefka)
Teti-ankh/Iymhotep (6th Dynasty, perhaps Pepy I)
Meru/Bebi (6th Dynasty, perhaps Pepy I)
Wiu/Iyu (6th Dynasty, perhaps Pepy I; son of Meru/Bebi)
Meru 6th Dynasty, perhaps Pepy II, son of Wiu/Iyu) | [] | [
"Nomarchs of the Hare nome",
"Old Kingdom"
] | [
"Nomes of ancient Egypt"
] |
projected-44499201-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hare%20nome | Hare nome | Middle Kingdom | The Hare nome, also called the Hermopolite nome (Egyptian: Wenet) was one of the 42 nomoi (administrative divisions) in ancient Egypt; more precisely, it was the 15th nome of Upper Egypt.
The Hare nome's main city was Khemenu (later Hermopolis Magna, and the modern el-Ashmunein) in Middle Egypt. The local main deity was Thoth, though the inscriptions on the White Chapel of Senusret I links this nome with the cult of Bes and Unut. | The following is a genealogy of the nomarchs of the Hare nome during the late 11th and 12th Dynasty (the limit between the two dynasties passes approximately along the third generation). The nomarchs are underlined. They were buried at Dayr al-Barsha. | [] | [
"Nomarchs of the Hare nome",
"Middle Kingdom"
] | [
"Nomes of ancient Egypt"
] |
projected-44499201-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hare%20nome | Hare nome | Further reading | The Hare nome, also called the Hermopolite nome (Egyptian: Wenet) was one of the 42 nomoi (administrative divisions) in ancient Egypt; more precisely, it was the 15th nome of Upper Egypt.
The Hare nome's main city was Khemenu (later Hermopolis Magna, and the modern el-Ashmunein) in Middle Egypt. The local main deity was Thoth, though the inscriptions on the White Chapel of Senusret I links this nome with the cult of Bes and Unut. | Category:Nomes of ancient Egypt | [] | [
"Further reading"
] | [
"Nomes of ancient Egypt"
] |
projected-44499221-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Hamilton%20%28American%20football%29 | James Hamilton (American football) | Introduction | James Hamilton is a former American football linebacker who played for the Jacksonville Jaguars. He was often injured and did not record a single start in his two-year NFL career and only played in 16 games over the two seasons. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1974 births",
"Living people",
"American football linebackers",
"North Carolina Tar Heels football players",
"Jacksonville Jaguars players"
] | |
projected-44499221-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Hamilton%20%28American%20football%29 | James Hamilton (American football) | References | James Hamilton is a former American football linebacker who played for the Jacksonville Jaguars. He was often injured and did not record a single start in his two-year NFL career and only played in 16 games over the two seasons. | Category:1974 births
Category:Living people
Category:American football linebackers
Category:North Carolina Tar Heels football players
Category:Jacksonville Jaguars players | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1974 births",
"Living people",
"American football linebackers",
"North Carolina Tar Heels football players",
"Jacksonville Jaguars players"
] |
projected-44499233-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuufuli%20Uperesa | Tuufuli Uperesa | Introduction | Tuufuli Uperesa (January 20, 1948 – June 21, 2021) was an American football offensive lineman who played one season with the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Eagles in the sixteenth round of the 1970 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Montana and attended 'Aiea High School in Aiea, Hawaii. Uperesa was also a member of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Calgary Stampeders, Ottawa Rough Riders and BC Lions of the Canadian Football League.
He died of kidney failure on June 21, 2021, in American Samoa at age 73. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1948 births",
"2021 deaths",
"Players of American football from American Samoa",
"Players of American football from Hawaii",
"American football offensive linemen",
"American sportspeople of Samoan descent",
"Canadian football offensive linemen",
"Montana Grizzlies football players",
"Philadelphia E... | |
projected-23575762-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laramie%2C%20North%20Park%20and%20Western%20Railroad | Laramie, North Park and Western Railroad | Introduction | The Laramie, North Park and Western Railroad was a railroad in the U.S. states of Wyoming and Colorado between Laramie, Wyoming and Coalmont, Colorado. It operated under several different names between 1901 and 1951 prior to absorption by the Union Pacific Railroad. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Defunct Wyoming railroads",
"Historic American Engineering Record in Wyoming",
"Predecessors of the Union Pacific Railroad",
"Railway companies established in 1924",
"Railway companies disestablished in 1951",
"Defunct Colorado railroads",
"American companies disestablished in 1951",
"American compan... | |
projected-23575762-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laramie%2C%20North%20Park%20and%20Western%20Railroad | Laramie, North Park and Western Railroad | History | The Laramie, North Park and Western Railroad was a railroad in the U.S. states of Wyoming and Colorado between Laramie, Wyoming and Coalmont, Colorado. It operated under several different names between 1901 and 1951 prior to absorption by the Union Pacific Railroad. | The railroad was established in 1901 as the Laramie, Hahns Peak and Pacific Railway Company by Issac Van Horn, who planned to construct the line to the mining camps near Gold Hill in the Snowy Range west of Laramie. Van Horn and his partners also invested in the mining camp of Centennial west of Laramie at the base of the mountains. Under the auspices of the Acme Consolidated Gold & Mining Company the partners constructed a sawmill, lumber yard, newspaper and other improvements. Fighting financial issues, the railroad did not arrive in Centennial until 1907 after mining operations in the Snowy Range has mostly died out.
The company opted to go south to North Park in Colorado. The company bought part of a coal deposit near Walden, Colorado and named it Coalmont. The first train reached Walden in October, 1911 and Coalmont in December. The line was very difficult and expensive to operate during winter. In 1914 the company was unable to pay its mortgage and the Colorado, Wyoming and Eastern Railroad took control of the line. In April 1924 the line was sold to new owners that renamed it the Northern Colorado and Eastern Railroad Company. The citizens in Laramie requested the name of the town be in the line, so in June it was renamed again as Laramie, North Park and Western Railroad. David Webster Adamson retired as general superintendent of the Laramie, North Park and Western railroad on June 1, 1941.
The line continued to struggle through the 1930s, and the Interstate Commerce Commission urged Union Pacific to take over. In 1935 the UP acquired control of the LNP&W, and Union Pacific ran the line under the LNP&W name until 1951 when the companies merged, the line becoming the Coalmont Branch of the Union Pacific, and the LNP&W depot in Laramie was closed. Shortline Wyoming Colorado Railroad bought the line in 1987, and subsequently abandoned it in Summer of 1999. | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Defunct Wyoming railroads",
"Historic American Engineering Record in Wyoming",
"Predecessors of the Union Pacific Railroad",
"Railway companies established in 1924",
"Railway companies disestablished in 1951",
"Defunct Colorado railroads",
"American companies disestablished in 1951",
"American compan... |
projected-23575762-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laramie%2C%20North%20Park%20and%20Western%20Railroad | Laramie, North Park and Western Railroad | See also | The Laramie, North Park and Western Railroad was a railroad in the U.S. states of Wyoming and Colorado between Laramie, Wyoming and Coalmont, Colorado. It operated under several different names between 1901 and 1951 prior to absorption by the Union Pacific Railroad. | List of defunct Colorado railroads
List of defunct Wyoming railroads | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Defunct Wyoming railroads",
"Historic American Engineering Record in Wyoming",
"Predecessors of the Union Pacific Railroad",
"Railway companies established in 1924",
"Railway companies disestablished in 1951",
"Defunct Colorado railroads",
"American companies disestablished in 1951",
"American compan... |
projected-20468307-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teopanzolco | Teopanzolco | Introduction | Teopanzolco is an Aztec archaeological site in the Mexican state of Morelos. Due to urban growth, it now lies within the modern city of Cuernavaca. Most of the visible remains date from the Middle to Late Postclassic Period (1300-1521). | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Aztec sites",
"Former populated places in Mexico",
"Archaeological sites in Morelos",
"Tourist attractions in Morelos"
] | |
projected-20468307-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teopanzolco | Teopanzolco | Etymology | Teopanzolco is an Aztec archaeological site in the Mexican state of Morelos. Due to urban growth, it now lies within the modern city of Cuernavaca. Most of the visible remains date from the Middle to Late Postclassic Period (1300-1521). | Teopanzolco comes from the Nahuatl language, it has been interpreted as "the place of the old temple". | [] | [
"Etymology"
] | [
"Aztec sites",
"Former populated places in Mexico",
"Archaeological sites in Morelos",
"Tourist attractions in Morelos"
] |
projected-20468307-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teopanzolco | Teopanzolco | Location | Teopanzolco is an Aztec archaeological site in the Mexican state of Morelos. Due to urban growth, it now lies within the modern city of Cuernavaca. Most of the visible remains date from the Middle to Late Postclassic Period (1300-1521). | Teopanzolco was built upon a hill formed from a lava flow. Although this area is now occupied by the Vista Hermosa district of Cuernavaca, in pre-Columbian times it was an area of coniferous woodland. | [] | [
"Location"
] | [
"Aztec sites",
"Former populated places in Mexico",
"Archaeological sites in Morelos",
"Tourist attractions in Morelos"
] |
projected-20468307-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teopanzolco | Teopanzolco | History of the site | Teopanzolco is an Aztec archaeological site in the Mexican state of Morelos. Due to urban growth, it now lies within the modern city of Cuernavaca. Most of the visible remains date from the Middle to Late Postclassic Period (1300-1521). | The Morelos Valley was settled from about 2000 BC. During the Classic Period, Teopanzolco came under the influence of the great metropolis of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico. By the Postclassic, various Nahua groups had moved into the Altiplano; the Tlahuicas founded nearby Cuauhnahuac (Cuernavaca) and Teopanzolco itself. They were conquered in 1427 AD by the Aztec emperor Moctezuma Ilhuicamina, after which they were integrated into the Aztec Empire and were obliged to pay tribute and participate in Aztec military campaigns. The prehispanic history of Teopanzolco was brought to a close by the Spanish Conquest in 1521, at which time the Tlahuicas were still living in the area and paying tribute to the Aztecs.
Teopanzolco was probably the original centre of the city of Cuauhnahuac during the Early Aztec period (AD 1150–1350) before the ceremonial centre was moved to a more defensible location, now the centre of the modern city of Cuernavaca. After the relocation of the ceremonial centre no new construction was undertaken at Teopanzolco.
The site of Teopanzolco was rediscovered in the 1910s, during the Mexican Revolution, when the revolutionary forces of Emiliano Zapata installed an artillery emplacement upon the Great Platform (Building 1) in order to shell federalist positions in the centre of Cuernavaca. The resulting cannon fire shook loose the soil, revealing the stonework below.
The modern history of Teopanzolco begins with the first excavations at the site in 1921, no further investigations took place until it was excavated in 1956-7 by Mexican archaeologists Román Piña Chan and Eduardo Noguera, who investigated the temple of Ehecatl and established a ceramic sequence for the site. Further archaeological investigations took place in 1968-9 (by Angulo Villaseñor) and in 1980 (by Wanda Tomassi). INAH has undertaken maintenance and minor excavations annually since 1985.
The earthquake of September 19, 2017, damaged the main temple. As archaeologists began repairing the damage, they were surprised to find a smaller, previously unknown temple inside, which presumably was dedicated to Tlaloc, the god of rain. Archaeologists discovered stucco-covered walls, a bench, and a pilaster, which may date to the Posclásico Medio period (A.D. 1150-1200). While more studies need to be undertaken to prove this theory, this would mean that the temple of Teopanzolco predates the Templo Mayor in Mexico City. | [] | [
"History of the site"
] | [
"Aztec sites",
"Former populated places in Mexico",
"Archaeological sites in Morelos",
"Tourist attractions in Morelos"
] |
projected-20468307-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teopanzolco | Teopanzolco | The site | Teopanzolco is an Aztec archaeological site in the Mexican state of Morelos. Due to urban growth, it now lies within the modern city of Cuernavaca. Most of the visible remains date from the Middle to Late Postclassic Period (1300-1521). | Only the ceremonial centre of Teopanzolco has been preserved. The residential areas of the prehispanic city lie beneath the modern development of Vista Hermosa, for this reason the actual size of the city is unknown. The surviving remains were built using local basalt. Although nothing survives of the original finishing, the buildings were presumably covered with painted plaster, as at other archaeological sites. Although the site had been developed by both the Tlahuicas and the Aztecs, the dominant architectural style and the majority of the excavated ceramics are Aztec in origin.
Great Platform or Building 1. This is the principal building within the archaeological zone. It consists of a westward facing rectangular pyramidal base that once supported twin temples; the northernmost was dedicated to Tlaloc, the Aztec rain god, while the southern temple was dedicated to Huitzilopochtli, the god of war. Two parallel stairways give access to the temples. This style of double temple is Aztec in origin. Two phases of building are evident, the second practically identical to the first and built on top of it. Only the platform survives from the second phase but sections of the walls of the twin temples survive from the earlier building phase. The later phase of construction appears to have been interrupted by the Spanish Conquest.
Temple of Tlaloc This consisted of a small enclosure surrounded by four pillars that presumably supported a wide roof that extended beyond the temple enclosure itself. It is situated upon the Great Platform.
Temple of Huitzilopochtli This was larger than the temple of Tlaloc and consisted of two rooms, one lying behind the other and accessed through it. The remains of an altar have been found in this inner sanctum . It is situated upon the Great Platform.
Building 2 This is a low, irregular platform with a wide north-facing stairway.
Building 3 is a small rectangular platform with an east-facing stairway.
Building 4 is a wide but shallow rectangular platform with a borderless east-facing stairway. A pit was found in this structure, which contained a great number of human bones together with two obsidian knives. The bones belonged to 35 individuals of both sexes who had been sacrificed and dismembered.
Building 5 is another small rectangular platform with an east-facing stairway.
Building 6 is a small rectangular platform with an east-facing stairway.
Building 7 is a small, low circular platform with an east-facing stairway. It was a shrine dedicated to Ehecatl, the Aztec god of wind, one of the manifestations of Quetzalcoatl. A sunken chamber was found inside this platform, it was filled with offerings of ceramic vessels and human skulls, probably belonging to sacrificial victims.
Building 8 is a very small rectangular platform with an east-facing stairway.
Building 9 is another low circular platform. It was another shrine to Ehecatl, slightly larger than the similar Building 7.
Building 10 is a long rectangular platform running east-west, located behind buildings 3 to 6. It has two stairways facing east and another facing to the west. It appears to have been expanded several times during its history.
Building 12 is a large platform aligned with the Great Platform, lying directly to the north. It has three west-facing stairways.
Temple of Tezcatlipoca or Building 13 is directly behind (i.e. to the east of) the Great Platform. Its lower level had a double stairway that faced towards the latter. The upper level has a single, wide stairway. The combination of a cannonball strike during the Mexican Revolution and a large looters' pit has inflicted extensive damage upon the remains.
Platform 15 was excavated in 1997. It is located at the southern edge of the archaeological site. It was a large platform in a poor state of preservation. Below the platform were found the remains of a residence whose inhabitants manufactured dyes, as evidenced by the discovery of hearths with tools and traces of iron oxide-based pigments. The residence was demolished in order to build the overlying platform, leaving only the foundations containing domestic human burials.
The site is in the care of the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (National Institute of Anthropology and History) and is open to the public. | [
"Cuernavaca Teopanzolco.JPG"
] | [
"The site"
] | [
"Aztec sites",
"Former populated places in Mexico",
"Archaeological sites in Morelos",
"Tourist attractions in Morelos"
] |
projected-20468307-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teopanzolco | Teopanzolco | See also | Teopanzolco is an Aztec archaeological site in the Mexican state of Morelos. Due to urban growth, it now lies within the modern city of Cuernavaca. Most of the visible remains date from the Middle to Late Postclassic Period (1300-1521). | Santa Cecilia Acatitlan
Templo Mayor
Tenayuca
Tlatelolco (archaeological site) | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Aztec sites",
"Former populated places in Mexico",
"Archaeological sites in Morelos",
"Tourist attractions in Morelos"
] |
projected-20468307-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teopanzolco | Teopanzolco | References | Teopanzolco is an Aztec archaeological site in the Mexican state of Morelos. Due to urban growth, it now lies within the modern city of Cuernavaca. Most of the visible remains date from the Middle to Late Postclassic Period (1300-1521). | García Moll, Roberto (1993) Teopanzolco, Morelos miniguide, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico.
Kelly, Joyce (2001) An Archaeological Guide to Central and Southern Mexico, University of Oklahoma Press. | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Aztec sites",
"Former populated places in Mexico",
"Archaeological sites in Morelos",
"Tourist attractions in Morelos"
] |
projected-44499237-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha%20Sharp%20Joukowsky | Martha Sharp Joukowsky | Introduction | Martha Sharp Joukowsky (2 September 1936 - 7 January 2022) was a Near Eastern archaeologist and a retired member of the faculty of Brown University known for her fieldwork at the ancient site of Petra in Jordan. | [] | [
"Introduction"
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"Brown University faculty",
"20th-century American archaeologists",
"American women archaeologists",
"20th-century women writers",
"20th-century American women",
"American women academics",
... | |
projected-44499237-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha%20Sharp%20Joukowsky | Martha Sharp Joukowsky | Early life and education | Martha Sharp Joukowsky (2 September 1936 - 7 January 2022) was a Near Eastern archaeologist and a retired member of the faculty of Brown University known for her fieldwork at the ancient site of Petra in Jordan. | Martha Sharp Joukowsky was the daughter of Waitstill Hastings Sharp and Martha Ingham Dickie, noted for aiding Jews escaping Nazi persecution in Czechoslovakia during World War II. Joukowsky was educated at Pembroke College (B.A. 1958) American University of Beirut (MA 1972) and Paris I-Sorbonne (Ph.D. 1982). | [
"Jordan1261.jpg"
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"Early life and education"
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"Brown University faculty",
"20th-century American archaeologists",
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"20th-century women writers",
"20th-century American women",
"American women academics",
... |
projected-44499237-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha%20Sharp%20Joukowsky | Martha Sharp Joukowsky | Academic career | Martha Sharp Joukowsky (2 September 1936 - 7 January 2022) was a Near Eastern archaeologist and a retired member of the faculty of Brown University known for her fieldwork at the ancient site of Petra in Jordan. | From 1982 to 2002 Joukowsky was Professor in the Center for Old World Archaeology and Art and the Department of Anthropology at Brown University. Her archaeological fieldwork has included work in Lebanon (1967-1972), Hong Kong (1972-1973), Turkey (1975-1986), Italy (1982-1985), and Greece (1987-1990). Joukowsky conducted archaeological fieldwork at Petra in Jordan for more than ten years, beginning in 1992. Her work, and that of Brown University, focused on Petra's so-called "Great Temple" during that time.
Martha Sharp Joukowsky was also elected as President (1989-1993) of the Archaeological Institute of America and was Trustee for the American University of Beirut, Lebanon. She also serves as Trustee Emerita of Brown University. | [] | [
"Academic career"
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"Brown University faculty",
"20th-century American archaeologists",
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"20th-century women writers",
"20th-century American women",
"American women academics",
... |
projected-44499237-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha%20Sharp%20Joukowsky | Martha Sharp Joukowsky | Personal life | Martha Sharp Joukowsky (2 September 1936 - 7 January 2022) was a Near Eastern archaeologist and a retired member of the faculty of Brown University known for her fieldwork at the ancient site of Petra in Jordan. | Artemis A. W. Joukowsky, her husband, was chancellor of Brown University (1997–98) and together they created the Artemis A.W. and Martha Sharp Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World at Brown University in 2004; the institute was first directed by Susan Alcock, who was succeeded in the post by Peter van Dommelen. | [] | [
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"People from Montague, Massachusetts",
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"Brown University faculty",
"20th-century American archaeologists",
"American women archaeologists",
"20th-century women writers",
"20th-century American women",
"American women academics",
... |
projected-44499237-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha%20Sharp%20Joukowsky | Martha Sharp Joukowsky | Honours | Martha Sharp Joukowsky (2 September 1936 - 7 January 2022) was a Near Eastern archaeologist and a retired member of the faculty of Brown University known for her fieldwork at the ancient site of Petra in Jordan. | In 1993 Joukowsky endowed an annual lecture series in her own name for the Archaeological Institute of America.
She accepted the Yad Vashem award on behalf of her parents in 2006. | [] | [
"Honours"
] | [
"1936 births",
"Living people",
"People from Montague, Massachusetts",
"Archaeologists of the Near East",
"Brown University faculty",
"20th-century American archaeologists",
"American women archaeologists",
"20th-century women writers",
"20th-century American women",
"American women academics",
... |
projected-44499237-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha%20Sharp%20Joukowsky | Martha Sharp Joukowsky | Selected publications | Martha Sharp Joukowsky (2 September 1936 - 7 January 2022) was a Near Eastern archaeologist and a retired member of the faculty of Brown University known for her fieldwork at the ancient site of Petra in Jordan. | 1980. A complete manual of field archaeology: tools and techniques of field work for archaeologists. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice-Hall.
1988. The young archaeologist in the oldest port city in the world. Beirut: Dar el-Machreq.
1996a. Early Turkey: an introduction to the archaeology of Anatolia from prehistory through the Lydian period. Dubuque (IA): Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co.
1996b. Prehistoric Aphrodisias: an account of the excavations and artifact studies. Providence (RI): Brown University, Center for Old World Archaeology and Art.
1998. Petra Great Temple: Brown University excavations, 1993-1997. Providence (RI): Brown University Petra Exploration Fund.
Cohen, G. & M.S. Joukowsky. (ed.) 2004. Breaking ground: pioneering women archaeologists. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
2007. Petra Great Temple, Volume II: archaeological contexts of the remains and excavations. Providence (RI): Brown University Petra Exploration Fund. | [] | [
"Selected publications"
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"Brown University faculty",
"20th-century American archaeologists",
"American women archaeologists",
"20th-century women writers",
"20th-century American women",
"American women academics",
... |
projected-20468310-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saunaraniya | Saunaraniya | Introduction | Saunaraniya is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3763 people living in 689 individual households. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Populated places in Rautahat District"
] | |
projected-20468310-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saunaraniya | Saunaraniya | References | Saunaraniya is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3763 people living in 689 individual households. | Category:Populated places in Rautahat District | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Populated places in Rautahat District"
] |
projected-23575763-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akaflieg%20Stuttgart%20fs16 | Akaflieg Stuttgart fs16 | Introduction | The Akaflieg Stuttgart fs16, nicknamed Wippsterz (German: Wagtail) was a glider aircraft that was designed and built in Germany from 1936. Only one example of the design was constructed. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1930s German sailplanes",
"Glider aircraft",
"Aircraft first flown in 1937",
"Akaflieg Stuttgart aircraft"
] | |
projected-23575763-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akaflieg%20Stuttgart%20fs16 | Akaflieg Stuttgart fs16 | Development | The Akaflieg Stuttgart fs16, nicknamed Wippsterz (German: Wagtail) was a glider aircraft that was designed and built in Germany from 1936. Only one example of the design was constructed. | Akaflieg Stuttgart wanted to build a glider with reasonable performance that was safe and simple to fly, the result was the fs16. The design employed a cantilever wing attached to the top of the fuselage; the rear portion of the fuselage was raised, similar to the Akaflieg Stuttgart F.1. The fs16 as constructed had no vertical tail, but used pivoting panels on the wingtips for roll and yaw control. It had no tail-skid, using a single large skid under the front fuselage with a spur extending rearwards for support and stability on the ground. Flight characteristics with the rotating wing-tip panels were not as expected so a conventional vertical fin on an extended rear fuselage, and ailerons constructed from fabric-covered Duralumin on the outer wing trailing edges, were added after initial flights. | [] | [
"Development"
] | [
"1930s German sailplanes",
"Glider aircraft",
"Aircraft first flown in 1937",
"Akaflieg Stuttgart aircraft"
] |
projected-23575763-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akaflieg%20Stuttgart%20fs16 | Akaflieg Stuttgart fs16 | Similar aircraft | The Akaflieg Stuttgart fs16, nicknamed Wippsterz (German: Wagtail) was a glider aircraft that was designed and built in Germany from 1936. Only one example of the design was constructed. | Schleicher Rhönadler | [] | [
"Similar aircraft"
] | [
"1930s German sailplanes",
"Glider aircraft",
"Aircraft first flown in 1937",
"Akaflieg Stuttgart aircraft"
] |
projected-23575763-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akaflieg%20Stuttgart%20fs16 | Akaflieg Stuttgart fs16 | Further reading | The Akaflieg Stuttgart fs16, nicknamed Wippsterz (German: Wagtail) was a glider aircraft that was designed and built in Germany from 1936. Only one example of the design was constructed. | Category:1930s German sailplanes
Category:Glider aircraft
Category:Aircraft first flown in 1937
Category:Akaflieg Stuttgart aircraft | [] | [
"Further reading"
] | [
"1930s German sailplanes",
"Glider aircraft",
"Aircraft first flown in 1937",
"Akaflieg Stuttgart aircraft"
] |
projected-44499282-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsten%20Nielsen | Torsten Nielsen | Introduction | Torsten Nielsen (born 5 March 1967) is a Danish politician and mayor of Viborg Municipality for the Conservative People's Party. Nielsen is state authorized Estate agent since 1992, and he was elected to the City Council of Viborg Municipality in 2009, and re-elected in 2013. Nielsen succeeded the former mayor, Søren Pape Poulsen, when he was appointed as the new leader of the Conservative People's Party. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1967 births",
"Living people",
"Conservative People's Party (Denmark) politicians",
"People from Viborg Municipality"
] | |
projected-44499282-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsten%20Nielsen | Torsten Nielsen | References | Torsten Nielsen (born 5 March 1967) is a Danish politician and mayor of Viborg Municipality for the Conservative People's Party. Nielsen is state authorized Estate agent since 1992, and he was elected to the City Council of Viborg Municipality in 2009, and re-elected in 2013. Nielsen succeeded the former mayor, Søren Pape Poulsen, when he was appointed as the new leader of the Conservative People's Party. | Category:1967 births
Category:Living people
Category:Conservative People's Party (Denmark) politicians
Category:People from Viborg Municipality | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1967 births",
"Living people",
"Conservative People's Party (Denmark) politicians",
"People from Viborg Municipality"
] |
projected-20468319-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawagada | Sawagada | Introduction | Sawagada is a village development committee in Rautahat District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Populated places in Rautahat District"
] |