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text_id stringlengths 22 22 | page_url stringlengths 31 389 | page_title stringlengths 1 250 | section_title stringlengths 0 4.67k | context_page_description stringlengths 0 108k | context_section_description stringlengths 1 187k | media list | hierachy list | category list |
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projected-00308528-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio%20X%20Gemina | Legio X Gemina | 2nd century | Legio X Gemina ("The Twins' Tenth Legion"), was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was one of the four legions used by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, for his invasion of Gaul. There are still records of the X Gemina in Vienna in the beginning of the 5th century. The legion symbol was a bull. Early on in its history, the ... | During Trajan's first campaign in Dacia (101–102), the legion participated at the Second Battle of Tapae, fighting against the army of the Dacians led by King Decebalus.
In 103, it was moved to Aquincum and later to Vindobona (modern Vienna), in Pannonia Superior, which would be the legion's camp until the 5th century... | [] | [
"In Imperial Service",
"2nd century"
] | [
"Roman legions",
"50s BC establishments",
"58 BC",
"Roman legions involved in Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain",
"Comitatenses",
"Military units and formations established in the 1st century BC"
] |
projected-00308528-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio%20X%20Gemina | Legio X Gemina | 3rd century | Legio X Gemina ("The Twins' Tenth Legion"), was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was one of the four legions used by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, for his invasion of Gaul. There are still records of the X Gemina in Vienna in the beginning of the 5th century. The legion symbol was a bull. Early on in its history, the ... | During the 3rd century, the legion fought for several emperors, who awarded the legion with titles showing the fidelity of the legion and the favour gained by the Emperor himself. The titles Antoniniana (awarded by Caracalla or Elagabalus), Gordiana (by Gordian III), Deciana (by Decius), Floriana (by Florianus), and Ca... | [] | [
"In Imperial Service",
"3rd century"
] | [
"Roman legions",
"50s BC establishments",
"58 BC",
"Roman legions involved in Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain",
"Comitatenses",
"Military units and formations established in the 1st century BC"
] |
projected-00308528-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio%20X%20Gemina | Legio X Gemina | 4th century | Legio X Gemina ("The Twins' Tenth Legion"), was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was one of the four legions used by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, for his invasion of Gaul. There are still records of the X Gemina in Vienna in the beginning of the 5th century. The legion symbol was a bull. Early on in its history, the ... | At the time in which Notitia Dignitatum was written (late 4th century), the first detachment of Decima Gemina was under the command of the Magister Militum per Orientem, and was a comitatensis unit. The other detachment was still in Vindobona, under the command of the Dux Pannoniae primae et Norici ripensis. | [] | [
"In Imperial Service",
"4th century"
] | [
"Roman legions",
"50s BC establishments",
"58 BC",
"Roman legions involved in Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain",
"Comitatenses",
"Military units and formations established in the 1st century BC"
] |
projected-00308528-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio%20X%20Gemina | Legio X Gemina | Epigraphic evidence | Legio X Gemina ("The Twins' Tenth Legion"), was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was one of the four legions used by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, for his invasion of Gaul. There are still records of the X Gemina in Vienna in the beginning of the 5th century. The legion symbol was a bull. Early on in its history, the ... | - Lucius Lavius Tuscus Felicitis Iulia miles legionis X Geminae Victricis- Porto (Portus), Portugal. AE 1953, 268.
- sacrum Caius Valerius Carus miles legionis X Geminae votum solvit libens merito. Lugo (Lucus Augusti), Spain. Hisp. Epi. 19118.
- Caius Iulius Sergia Hispali (f) Victor miles legionis X Gemina (cent... | [] | [
"Epigraphic evidence"
] | [
"Roman legions",
"50s BC establishments",
"58 BC",
"Roman legions involved in Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain",
"Comitatenses",
"Military units and formations established in the 1st century BC"
] |
projected-00308528-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio%20X%20Gemina | Legio X Gemina | See also | Legio X Gemina ("The Twins' Tenth Legion"), was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was one of the four legions used by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, for his invasion of Gaul. There are still records of the X Gemina in Vienna in the beginning of the 5th century. The legion symbol was a bull. Early on in its history, the ... | List of Roman legions
Roman legion | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Roman legions",
"50s BC establishments",
"58 BC",
"Roman legions involved in Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain",
"Comitatenses",
"Military units and formations established in the 1st century BC"
] |
projected-00308528-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio%20X%20Gemina | Legio X Gemina | References | Legio X Gemina ("The Twins' Tenth Legion"), was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was one of the four legions used by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, for his invasion of Gaul. There are still records of the X Gemina in Vienna in the beginning of the 5th century. The legion symbol was a bull. Early on in its history, the ... | Lendering, Jona, "Legio X Gemina" from Livius, livius.org | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Roman legions",
"50s BC establishments",
"58 BC",
"Roman legions involved in Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain",
"Comitatenses",
"Military units and formations established in the 1st century BC"
] |
projected-00308529-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio%20XIII%20Gemina | Legio XIII Gemina | Introduction | , in English the 13th Twin Legion was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was one of Julius Caesar's key units in Gaul and in the civil war, and was the legion with which he crossed the Rubicon in January, perhaps the 10th, 49 BC. The legion appears to have still been in existence in the 5th century AD. Its symbol ... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Roman legions",
"50s BC establishments",
"57 BC",
"Comitatenses",
"Military units and formations established in the 1st century BC"
] | |
projected-00308529-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio%20XIII%20Gemina | Legio XIII Gemina | Under the late Republic | , in English the 13th Twin Legion was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was one of Julius Caesar's key units in Gaul and in the civil war, and was the legion with which he crossed the Rubicon in January, perhaps the 10th, 49 BC. The legion appears to have still been in existence in the 5th century AD. Its symbol ... | Legio XIII was levied by Julius Caesar in 57 BC, before marching against the Belgae, in one of his early interventions in intra-Gallic conflicts. During the Gallic Wars (58–51 BC), Legio XIII was present at the Battle against the Nervians, the Siege of Gergovia, and while not specifically mentioned in the sources, it i... | [] | [
"History",
"Under the late Republic"
] | [
"Roman legions",
"50s BC establishments",
"57 BC",
"Comitatenses",
"Military units and formations established in the 1st century BC"
] |
projected-00308529-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio%20XIII%20Gemina | Legio XIII Gemina | Under the Empire | , in English the 13th Twin Legion was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was one of Julius Caesar's key units in Gaul and in the civil war, and was the legion with which he crossed the Rubicon in January, perhaps the 10th, 49 BC. The legion appears to have still been in existence in the 5th century AD. Its symbol ... | Augustus reconstituted the legion once again in 41 BC to deal with the rebellion of Sextus Pompeius (son of Pompey) in Sicily.
Legio XIII acquired the cognomen Gemina ("twin", a common appellation for legions constituted from portions of others) after being reinforced with veteran legionaries from other legions follow... | [
"LegioXIII Brick.JPG"
] | [
"History",
"Under the Empire"
] | [
"Roman legions",
"50s BC establishments",
"57 BC",
"Comitatenses",
"Military units and formations established in the 1st century BC"
] |
projected-00308529-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio%20XIII%20Gemina | Legio XIII Gemina | Epigraphic inscriptions | , in English the 13th Twin Legion was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was one of Julius Caesar's key units in Gaul and in the civil war, and was the legion with which he crossed the Rubicon in January, perhaps the 10th, 49 BC. The legion appears to have still been in existence in the 5th century AD. Its symbol ... | - Marco Cornelio Marci filio Galeria (tribu) Nigrino / Curiatio Materno consuli - / - tribuno militum legionis XIIII Geminae (...). Liria, Spain. CIL II2/14.
- Caio Iulio Galeria (tribu) Lepido Iessonensi primi pilari centurioni legionis XIII Geminae Piae Fidelis centurioni (...). Lerida (Ilerda), Spain. CIL II 4463. | [] | [
"Epigraphic inscriptions"
] | [
"Roman legions",
"50s BC establishments",
"57 BC",
"Comitatenses",
"Military units and formations established in the 1st century BC"
] |
projected-00308529-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio%20XIII%20Gemina | Legio XIII Gemina | Fictional depictions | , in English the 13th Twin Legion was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was one of Julius Caesar's key units in Gaul and in the civil war, and was the legion with which he crossed the Rubicon in January, perhaps the 10th, 49 BC. The legion appears to have still been in existence in the 5th century AD. Its symbol ... | A fictionalized account of the actions of Legio XIII Gemina during the struggle between Julius Caesar and the Optimates faction under Pompey can be seen in the joint HBO/BBC/RAI television production Rome, most notably two of its soldiers: Centurion Lucius Vorenus and Legionary Titus Pullo, named after real-life Centur... | [] | [
"Fictional depictions"
] | [
"Roman legions",
"50s BC establishments",
"57 BC",
"Comitatenses",
"Military units and formations established in the 1st century BC"
] |
projected-00308529-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio%20XIII%20Gemina | Legio XIII Gemina | See also | , in English the 13th Twin Legion was a legion of the Imperial Roman army. It was one of Julius Caesar's key units in Gaul and in the civil war, and was the legion with which he crossed the Rubicon in January, perhaps the 10th, 49 BC. The legion appears to have still been in existence in the 5th century AD. Its symbol ... | Roman legion
List of Roman legions
Dacia Ripensis | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Roman legions",
"50s BC establishments",
"57 BC",
"Comitatenses",
"Military units and formations established in the 1st century BC"
] |
projected-00308530-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason%20Bogie%20locomotive | Mason Bogie locomotive | Introduction | Mason Bogie locomotives (also known as Mason Fairlie locomotives) are a type of articulated steam locomotive suited for sharp curves and uneven track, once commonly used on narrow gauge railways in the United States of America. The design is a development of the Single Fairlie locomotive. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Articulated locomotives",
"0-6-6 locomotives",
"2-4-4T locomotives"
] | |
projected-00308530-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason%20Bogie%20locomotive | Mason Bogie locomotive | Concept and Development | Mason Bogie locomotives (also known as Mason Fairlie locomotives) are a type of articulated steam locomotive suited for sharp curves and uneven track, once commonly used on narrow gauge railways in the United States of America. The design is a development of the Single Fairlie locomotive. | The American licensee of the Fairlie Patent steam locomotive was the firm of William Mason, located in Taunton, Massachusetts. Mason's first Fairlie locomotive was the Janus, an Double Fairlie built in 1871.
It became obvious that, for all the Double Fairlie locomotive's advantages, its disadvantages outweighed them.... | [] | [
"Concept and Development"
] | [
"Articulated locomotives",
"0-6-6 locomotives",
"2-4-4T locomotives"
] |
projected-00308530-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason%20Bogie%20locomotive | Mason Bogie locomotive | Production and Service | Mason Bogie locomotives (also known as Mason Fairlie locomotives) are a type of articulated steam locomotive suited for sharp curves and uneven track, once commonly used on narrow gauge railways in the United States of America. The design is a development of the Single Fairlie locomotive. | Approximately 146 Mason Bogies were produced by William Mason's firm between 1871 and 1890 when the firm built its last locomotive, of which 88 or so were narrow gauge units, the rest being standard gauge. This was about half the firm's total output of locomotives during this period. Major buyers included the Boston, R... | [] | [
"Production and Service"
] | [
"Articulated locomotives",
"0-6-6 locomotives",
"2-4-4T locomotives"
] |
projected-00308530-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason%20Bogie%20locomotive | Mason Bogie locomotive | Surviving | Mason Bogie locomotives (also known as Mason Fairlie locomotives) are a type of articulated steam locomotive suited for sharp curves and uneven track, once commonly used on narrow gauge railways in the United States of America. The design is a development of the Single Fairlie locomotive. | At least one Mason Bogie, Torch Lake, survives, at Greenfield Village (part of The Henry Ford) in Dearborn, Michigan, a standard gauge 0-6-4. It was built in 1873 and still hauls passengers during the summer months. | [
"Steam Locomotive at Greenfield Village.JPG"
] | [
"Surviving"
] | [
"Articulated locomotives",
"0-6-6 locomotives",
"2-4-4T locomotives"
] |
projected-00308530-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason%20Bogie%20locomotive | Mason Bogie locomotive | Similar Designs | Mason Bogie locomotives (also known as Mason Fairlie locomotives) are a type of articulated steam locomotive suited for sharp curves and uneven track, once commonly used on narrow gauge railways in the United States of America. The design is a development of the Single Fairlie locomotive. | Superficially similar to the Mason Bogie is another design, the Forney locomotive. Like the Mason Bogie, the Forney has powered axles under the boiler and a trailing truck under the rear bunker and tank behind the cab. However, the Forney's driving wheels are fixed in the frame, rather than articulated. They were reaso... | [] | [
"Similar Designs"
] | [
"Articulated locomotives",
"0-6-6 locomotives",
"2-4-4T locomotives"
] |
projected-00308530-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason%20Bogie%20locomotive | Mason Bogie locomotive | See also | Mason Bogie locomotives (also known as Mason Fairlie locomotives) are a type of articulated steam locomotive suited for sharp curves and uneven track, once commonly used on narrow gauge railways in the United States of America. The design is a development of the Single Fairlie locomotive. | Articulated locomotive
Bogie
Mason Machine Works
Narrow gauge | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Articulated locomotives",
"0-6-6 locomotives",
"2-4-4T locomotives"
] |
projected-00308530-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason%20Bogie%20locomotive | Mason Bogie locomotive | References | Mason Bogie locomotives (also known as Mason Fairlie locomotives) are a type of articulated steam locomotive suited for sharp curves and uneven track, once commonly used on narrow gauge railways in the United States of America. The design is a development of the Single Fairlie locomotive. | Category:Articulated locomotives
Category:0-6-6 locomotives
Category:2-4-4T locomotives | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Articulated locomotives",
"0-6-6 locomotives",
"2-4-4T locomotives"
] |
projected-00308531-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio%20XXII%20Primigenia | Legio XXII Primigenia | Introduction | Legio XXII Primigenia ("Fortune's Twenty-Second Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army dedicated to the goddess Fortuna Primigenia. Founded in AD 39 by the emperor Caligula for use in his campaigns in Germania, the XXII Primigenia spent much of their time in Mogontiacum (modern Mainz) up to the end of the 3rd... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Roman legions",
"39 establishments",
"Military units and formations established in the 1st century",
"30s establishments in the Roman Empire",
"30s establishments"
] | |
projected-00308531-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio%20XXII%20Primigenia | Legio XXII Primigenia | History | Legio XXII Primigenia ("Fortune's Twenty-Second Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army dedicated to the goddess Fortuna Primigenia. Founded in AD 39 by the emperor Caligula for use in his campaigns in Germania, the XXII Primigenia spent much of their time in Mogontiacum (modern Mainz) up to the end of the 3rd... | XXII Primigenia was first stationed in Mogontiacum in the Roman province of Germania Superior, guarding the Rhine border as part of the limes. Along with the rest of the Germanic army, the legion supported Vitellius in the Year of the Four Emperors (69). During the Batavian rebellion, XXII Primigenia, commanded by Gaiu... | [
"Capricon legioXXII-retouched.jpg"
] | [
"History"
] | [
"Roman legions",
"39 establishments",
"Military units and formations established in the 1st century",
"30s establishments in the Roman Empire",
"30s establishments"
] |
projected-00308531-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio%20XXII%20Primigenia | Legio XXII Primigenia | Epigraphic inscriptions | Legio XXII Primigenia ("Fortune's Twenty-Second Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army dedicated to the goddess Fortuna Primigenia. Founded in AD 39 by the emperor Caligula for use in his campaigns in Germania, the XXII Primigenia spent much of their time in Mogontiacum (modern Mainz) up to the end of the 3rd... | - Dis Manibus Avidiae Nice uxori rarissimi exempli Publicius Apronianus hastatus legionis XXII Primigeniae fecit. Tarragona (Tarraco), Spain. .
- Amoena hic sita est Quintus Antonius Avitus veteranus legionis XXII Primigeniae faciendum (...). Lisboa, Portugal. .
- (...) tribuno militum legionis XXII Primigeniae praefe... | [] | [
"Epigraphic inscriptions"
] | [
"Roman legions",
"39 establishments",
"Military units and formations established in the 1st century",
"30s establishments in the Roman Empire",
"30s establishments"
] |
projected-00308531-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio%20XXII%20Primigenia | Legio XXII Primigenia | See also | Legio XXII Primigenia ("Fortune's Twenty-Second Legion") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army dedicated to the goddess Fortuna Primigenia. Founded in AD 39 by the emperor Caligula for use in his campaigns in Germania, the XXII Primigenia spent much of their time in Mogontiacum (modern Mainz) up to the end of the 3rd... | List of Roman legions | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Roman legions",
"39 establishments",
"Military units and formations established in the 1st century",
"30s establishments in the Roman Empire",
"30s establishments"
] |
projected-00308532-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lictor | Lictor | Introduction | A lictor (possibly from , "to bind") was a Roman civil servant who was an attendant and bodyguard to a magistrate who held imperium. Lictors are documented since the Roman Kingdom, and may have originated with the Etruscans. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Ancient Roman titles",
"Articles needing expert attention from March 2012"
] | |
projected-00308532-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lictor | Lictor | Origin | A lictor (possibly from , "to bind") was a Roman civil servant who was an attendant and bodyguard to a magistrate who held imperium. Lictors are documented since the Roman Kingdom, and may have originated with the Etruscans. | The lictors were instituted by Rome's first king, Romulus, who appointed twelve lictors to attend him. Livy refers to two competing traditions for the reason that Romulus chose that number of lictors. The first version is that twelve was the number of birds that appeared in the augury, which had portended the kingdom t... | [
"Fasces lictoriae.svg"
] | [
"Origin"
] | [
"Ancient Roman titles",
"Articles needing expert attention from March 2012"
] |
projected-00308532-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lictor | Lictor | Eligibility | A lictor (possibly from , "to bind") was a Roman civil servant who was an attendant and bodyguard to a magistrate who held imperium. Lictors are documented since the Roman Kingdom, and may have originated with the Etruscans. | Originally, lictors were chosen from the plebeians, but through most of Roman history, they seemed to have been freedmen. Centurions from the legions were also automatically eligible to become lictors on retirement from the army. They were, however, definitely Roman citizens, since they wore togas inside Rome. A lictor... | [] | [
"Eligibility"
] | [
"Ancient Roman titles",
"Articles needing expert attention from March 2012"
] |
projected-00308532-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lictor | Lictor | Tasks | A lictor (possibly from , "to bind") was a Roman civil servant who was an attendant and bodyguard to a magistrate who held imperium. Lictors are documented since the Roman Kingdom, and may have originated with the Etruscans. | The lictor's main task was to attend as bodyguards to magistrates who held imperium. They carried rods decorated with fasces and, outside the pomerium, with axes that symbolized the power to carry out capital punishment. Dictatorial lictors had axes even within the pomerium. They followed the magistrate wherever he wen... | [] | [
"Tasks"
] | [
"Ancient Roman titles",
"Articles needing expert attention from March 2012"
] |
projected-00308532-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lictor | Lictor | Lictor curiatus | A lictor (possibly from , "to bind") was a Roman civil servant who was an attendant and bodyguard to a magistrate who held imperium. Lictors are documented since the Roman Kingdom, and may have originated with the Etruscans. | The lictor curiatus (plural lictores curiati) was a special kind of lictor who did not carry rods or fasces and whose main tasks were religious. There were approximately thirty of them, serving at the command of the pontifex maximus, the high priest of Rome. They were present at sacrifices where they carried or guided ... | [] | [
"Lictor curiatus"
] | [
"Ancient Roman titles",
"Articles needing expert attention from March 2012"
] |
projected-00308532-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lictor | Lictor | See also | A lictor (possibly from , "to bind") was a Roman civil servant who was an attendant and bodyguard to a magistrate who held imperium. Lictors are documented since the Roman Kingdom, and may have originated with the Etruscans. | Cursus honorum
Praetorian Guard | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Ancient Roman titles",
"Articles needing expert attention from March 2012"
] |
projected-00308532-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lictor | Lictor | References | A lictor (possibly from , "to bind") was a Roman civil servant who was an attendant and bodyguard to a magistrate who held imperium. Lictors are documented since the Roman Kingdom, and may have originated with the Etruscans. | Citations
Sources | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Ancient Roman titles",
"Articles needing expert attention from March 2012"
] |
projected-00308535-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke%20of%20Braganza | Duke of Braganza | Introduction | The title Duke of Braganza () in the House of Braganza is one of the most important titles in the peerage of Portugal. Starting in 1640, when the House of Braganza acceded to the throne of Portugal, the male heir of the Portuguese Crown were known as Duke of Braganza, along with their style Prince of Beira or (from 16... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Dukes of Braganza",
"Portuguese nobility",
"Dukedoms of Portugal",
"1442 establishments in Portugal"
] | |
projected-00308535-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke%20of%20Braganza | Duke of Braganza | Feudal dukes | The title Duke of Braganza () in the House of Braganza is one of the most important titles in the peerage of Portugal. Starting in 1640, when the House of Braganza acceded to the throne of Portugal, the male heir of the Portuguese Crown were known as Duke of Braganza, along with their style Prince of Beira or (from 16... | The Duke of Braganza holds one of the most important dukedoms in Portugal, see Duchy of Braganza (Bragança). Created in 1442 by King Afonso V of Portugal for his uncle Afonso, Count of Barcelos (natural son of King John I of Portugal), it is one of the oldest fiefdoms in Portugal.
The fifth Duke of Braganza (Teodósio... | [] | [
"History of Dukedom",
"Feudal dukes"
] | [
"Dukes of Braganza",
"Portuguese nobility",
"Dukedoms of Portugal",
"1442 establishments in Portugal"
] |
projected-00308535-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke%20of%20Braganza | Duke of Braganza | Dukedom in the Braganza monarchy | The title Duke of Braganza () in the House of Braganza is one of the most important titles in the peerage of Portugal. Starting in 1640, when the House of Braganza acceded to the throne of Portugal, the male heir of the Portuguese Crown were known as Duke of Braganza, along with their style Prince of Beira or (from 16... | After the accession of the House of Braganza to the Portuguese throne in 1640 as a replacement for the Philippine Dynasty of Spanish Habsburgs, the Dukedom of Braganza became linked to the crown. "Duke of Braganza" became the traditional title of the heir to the Portuguese throne, together with or alternate to "Prince ... | [] | [
"History of Dukedom",
"Dukedom in the Braganza monarchy"
] | [
"Dukes of Braganza",
"Portuguese nobility",
"Dukedoms of Portugal",
"1442 establishments in Portugal"
] |
projected-00308535-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke%20of%20Braganza | Duke of Braganza | Dukes in the post-monarchy era | The title Duke of Braganza () in the House of Braganza is one of the most important titles in the peerage of Portugal. Starting in 1640, when the House of Braganza acceded to the throne of Portugal, the male heir of the Portuguese Crown were known as Duke of Braganza, along with their style Prince of Beira or (from 16... | After the foundation of the Portuguese Republic in 1910, the tradition of the heir to the throne being titled Duke of Braganza was revived by various pretenders to signify their claims to the throne.
In the last years of the deposed king Manuel II of Portugal, the dukedom of Bragança was claimed by Miguel, Duke of Bra... | [] | [
"History of Dukedom",
"Dukes in the post-monarchy era"
] | [
"Dukes of Braganza",
"Portuguese nobility",
"Dukedoms of Portugal",
"1442 establishments in Portugal"
] |
projected-00308535-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke%20of%20Braganza | Duke of Braganza | See also | The title Duke of Braganza () in the House of Braganza is one of the most important titles in the peerage of Portugal. Starting in 1640, when the House of Braganza acceded to the throne of Portugal, the male heir of the Portuguese Crown were known as Duke of Braganza, along with their style Prince of Beira or (from 16... | Portuguese nobility
Duke of Barcelos
Duke of Guimarães
List of dukes of Braganza
House of Braganza
Duchy of Braganza | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Dukes of Braganza",
"Portuguese nobility",
"Dukedoms of Portugal",
"1442 establishments in Portugal"
] |
projected-00308535-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke%20of%20Braganza | Duke of Braganza | Bibliography | The title Duke of Braganza () in the House of Braganza is one of the most important titles in the peerage of Portugal. Starting in 1640, when the House of Braganza acceded to the throne of Portugal, the male heir of the Portuguese Crown were known as Duke of Braganza, along with their style Prince of Beira or (from 16... | "Nobreza de Portugal e Brasil", Vol. II, pages 433/449. Published by Zairol Lda., 1989, Lisbon.
Braganza
Braganza
Category:1442 establishments in Portugal
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projected-00308536-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince%20Miguel%2C%20Duke%20of%20Braganza | Prince Miguel, Duke of Braganza | Introduction | Miguel Januário of Braganza (; full name Miguel Maria Carlos Egídio Constantino Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga Francisco de Paula e de Assis Januário de Bragança; 19 September 1853 – 11 October 1927) was the Miguelist claimant to the throne of Portugal from 1866 to 1920. He used the title Duke of Braganza. | [] | [
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projected-00308536-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince%20Miguel%2C%20Duke%20of%20Braganza | Prince Miguel, Duke of Braganza | Early life | Miguel Januário of Braganza (; full name Miguel Maria Carlos Egídio Constantino Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga Francisco de Paula e de Assis Januário de Bragança; 19 September 1853 – 11 October 1927) was the Miguelist claimant to the throne of Portugal from 1866 to 1920. He used the title Duke of Braganza. | Miguel Januário was born in Castle Kleinheubach, near Miltenberg, Kingdom of Bavaria, on 19 September 1853 during the exile in Germany of his father, former King Miguel I of Portugal and the Algarves. His mother was Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg. He was a grandson of King John VI of Portugal, Brazi... | [
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projected-00308536-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince%20Miguel%2C%20Duke%20of%20Braganza | Prince Miguel, Duke of Braganza | Career | Miguel Januário of Braganza (; full name Miguel Maria Carlos Egídio Constantino Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga Francisco de Paula e de Assis Januário de Bragança; 19 September 1853 – 11 October 1927) was the Miguelist claimant to the throne of Portugal from 1866 to 1920. He used the title Duke of Braganza. | He was a member of the staff of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and took part in the Austro-Hungarian campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878. It is said that the Emperor liked Miguel Januário immensely and granted him the privilege of extraterritoriality that allowed him to remain Portuguese, despite the rejectio... | [] | [
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projected-00308536-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince%20Miguel%2C%20Duke%20of%20Braganza | Prince Miguel, Duke of Braganza | Marriages and children | Miguel Januário of Braganza (; full name Miguel Maria Carlos Egídio Constantino Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga Francisco de Paula e de Assis Januário de Bragança; 19 September 1853 – 11 October 1927) was the Miguelist claimant to the throne of Portugal from 1866 to 1920. He used the title Duke of Braganza. | Miguel Januário was first married to Princess Elisabeth of Thurn and Taxis (May 28, 1860 – February 7, 1881), the niece of Empress Elisabeth of Austria, on 17 October, 1877 in Regensburg. They had three children:
Dom Miguel, Duke of Viseu (1878–1923), married Anita Stewart and had issue.
Dom Francisco José de Bragan... | [] | [
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projected-00308536-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince%20Miguel%2C%20Duke%20of%20Braganza | Prince Miguel, Duke of Braganza | Honours | Miguel Januário of Braganza (; full name Miguel Maria Carlos Egídio Constantino Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga Francisco de Paula e de Assis Januário de Bragança; 19 September 1853 – 11 October 1927) was the Miguelist claimant to the throne of Portugal from 1866 to 1920. He used the title Duke of Braganza. | : Grand Master of the Order of St. Michael of the Wing
: Knight of the Golden Fleece, 1881
: Knight of St. Hubert, 1900 | [] | [
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projected-00308536-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince%20Miguel%2C%20Duke%20of%20Braganza | Prince Miguel, Duke of Braganza | In film | Miguel Januário of Braganza (; full name Miguel Maria Carlos Egídio Constantino Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga Francisco de Paula e de Assis Januário de Bragança; 19 September 1853 – 11 October 1927) was the Miguelist claimant to the throne of Portugal from 1866 to 1920. He used the title Duke of Braganza. | In the 1968 film Mayerling, "Michel de Bragance" is a small character played by Jean-Claude Bercq. | [] | [
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projected-00308536-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince%20Miguel%2C%20Duke%20of%20Braganza | Prince Miguel, Duke of Braganza | See also | Miguel Januário of Braganza (; full name Miguel Maria Carlos Egídio Constantino Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga Francisco de Paula e de Assis Januário de Bragança; 19 September 1853 – 11 October 1927) was the Miguelist claimant to the throne of Portugal from 1866 to 1920. He used the title Duke of Braganza. | Descendants of Miguel I of Portugal | [] | [
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projected-00308538-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teod%C3%B3sio%20II%2C%20Duke%20of%20Braganza | Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza | Introduction | Teodósio II, 7th Duke of Braganza (28 April 1568 – 29 November 1630) was a Portuguese nobleman and father of João IV of Portugal. He is known for his allegiance to King Philip I of Portugal. | [] | [
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projected-00308538-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teod%C3%B3sio%20II%2C%20Duke%20of%20Braganza | Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza | Biography | Teodósio II, 7th Duke of Braganza (28 April 1568 – 29 November 1630) was a Portuguese nobleman and father of João IV of Portugal. He is known for his allegiance to King Philip I of Portugal. | As a child, Teodósio was brought to the court and made page to the king Sebastian I of Portugal. The king was very fond of him and in 1578 insisted on taking him to Africa in the expedition against the king of Morocco. This military campaign was doomed. During the ill-fated battle of Alcácer Quibir, Teodósio remained a... | [
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projected-00308538-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teod%C3%B3sio%20II%2C%20Duke%20of%20Braganza | Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza | Marriage and Children | Teodósio II, 7th Duke of Braganza (28 April 1568 – 29 November 1630) was a Portuguese nobleman and father of João IV of Portugal. He is known for his allegiance to King Philip I of Portugal. | By his wife, the Spanish Lady Ana de Velasco y Girón
John II, 8th Duke of Bragança (1604–1656), crowned King John IV of Portugal in December 1, 1640
Duarte of Bragança (1605–1649), Lord of Vila do Conde
Catarina of Bragança (1606–1610)
Alexandre of Bragança (1607–1637) | [] | [
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projected-00308538-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teod%C3%B3sio%20II%2C%20Duke%20of%20Braganza | Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza | Bibliography | Teodósio II, 7th Duke of Braganza (28 April 1568 – 29 November 1630) was a Portuguese nobleman and father of João IV of Portugal. He is known for his allegiance to King Philip I of Portugal. | "Nobreza de Portugal e Brazil", Vol. II, page 448. Published by Zairol Lda., Lisbon, 1989.
Genealogy of Teodósio II, 7th Duke of Braganza | [] | [
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projected-00308540-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Alfarrobeira | Battle of Alfarrobeira | Introduction | The Battle of Alfarrobeira () took place on 20 May 1449. It was a confrontation between the forces commanded by King Afonso V of Portugal and his uncle Afonso, Duke of Braganza, against the army of the rebellious Peter, Duke of Coimbra. The place was Vialonga, near Lisbon, at the margins of the creek of Alfarrobeira. T... | [] | [
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projected-00308540-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Alfarrobeira | Battle of Alfarrobeira | The reasons for battle | The Battle of Alfarrobeira () took place on 20 May 1449. It was a confrontation between the forces commanded by King Afonso V of Portugal and his uncle Afonso, Duke of Braganza, against the army of the rebellious Peter, Duke of Coimbra. The place was Vialonga, near Lisbon, at the margins of the creek of Alfarrobeira. T... | After the death of King Fernando, the last of the First Dynasty, in 1383, power fell to the regent Queen Leonor, hated by the people, and her daughter Beatrice, married to the Castilian King Juan I. Fernando's half-brother John, Master of Aviz, led a revolution against the Queen and the Castilian King, defeating them w... | [] | [
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projected-00308540-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Alfarrobeira | Battle of Alfarrobeira | Outcomes of the battle | The Battle of Alfarrobeira () took place on 20 May 1449. It was a confrontation between the forces commanded by King Afonso V of Portugal and his uncle Afonso, Duke of Braganza, against the army of the rebellious Peter, Duke of Coimbra. The place was Vialonga, near Lisbon, at the margins of the creek of Alfarrobeira. T... | Mistrusted by King Afonso V and the Duke of Braganza's sons as a member of the House of Aviz, and mistrusted by his dead brother's friends who never accepted his betrayal (and rejected by his old sister Isabella, in Burgundy), Henry retreated to his land in Sagres, the southernmost and westernmost tip of Portugal - and... | [] | [
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projected-00308540-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Alfarrobeira | Battle of Alfarrobeira | References | The Battle of Alfarrobeira () took place on 20 May 1449. It was a confrontation between the forces commanded by King Afonso V of Portugal and his uncle Afonso, Duke of Braganza, against the army of the rebellious Peter, Duke of Coimbra. The place was Vialonga, near Lisbon, at the margins of the creek of Alfarrobeira. T... | M. D. D. Newitt, The First Portuguese colonial empire (1986)
Clayton J. Drees, The late medieval age of crisis and renewal, 1300-1500: a biographical dictionary (2001)
Newton de Macedo, História de Portugal: A Epopeia dos Descobrimentos-A Dinastia de Avis e a Expansão Ultramarina (2004)
Category:1449 in Portugal
Al... | [] | [
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projected-00308543-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Introduction | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] | |
projected-00308543-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Venezuela | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | The highway begins its path through South America in Colombia. However, a branch called the Simon Bolivar Highway runs through Venezuela. This stretch of the highway is an important link between Caracas and Bogotá. | [] | [
"Venezuela"
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"Pan-American Highway",
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projected-00308543-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Güiria | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | The road begins as Venezuela Highway 9 in Güiria, a small town in the state of Sucre just west of Trinidad along the Gulf of Paria coastline. From Güiria, the highway winds west towards the town of Yaguaraparo. | [] | [
"Venezuela",
"Güiria"
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projected-00308543-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Yaguaraparo | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | Once the highway reaches Yaguaraparo, on the southern portion of the Paria Peninsula along the Gulf of Paria, Highway 9 continues west for approximately to the towns of Casanay and Pantoño. | [] | [
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projected-00308543-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Casanay | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | Upon reaching Casanay, the highway crosses Venezuela Highway 10, a major north–south highway. From Casanay and neighboring Pantoño, it continues west, paralleling the Gulf of Cariaco. The highway crosses Secondary Highway 2 at Villa Frontado, which travels south into the state of Monagas. The distance from Casanay to C... | [] | [
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projected-00308543-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Cumaná | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | Cumaná, founded in 1521, is the oldest city in South America. Cumaná is located on the banks of the Manzanares River and the Gulf of Cariaco. Tourist attractions in Cumaná include the Castillo de San Antonio de la Eminencia (Castle of Saint Anthony of the Eminence), the Museo del Mar (Maritime Museum), and the Cueva de... | [] | [
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projected-00308543-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Barcelona | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | After crossing into Anzoátegui, it almost immediately enters the city of Barcelona.
Barcelona was founded in 1671 and is a traditional Venezuelan city. Local attractions include Barcelona Cathedral and Casa Fuerte, a national historic monument that celebrates Venezuelan independence. Nearby Puerto La Cruz is one of the... | [] | [
"Venezuela",
"Barcelona"
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projected-00308543-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Boca de Uchire | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | Travelling from Barcelona and Puerto La Cruz, the highway continues westward. For about 47 km, it becomes a limited-access expressway, returning to a two-lane highway at Puerto Píritu. The highway travels another 62 km reaches the border with the state of Miranda at the town of Boca de Uchire. This portion includes a s... | [] | [
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projected-00308543-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | El Guapo | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | About 34 km west of Boca de Uchire, the highway starts climbing up the Cordillera Central, in the Andes mountains. Highway 9 begins here to move further away from the Caribbean Sea coastline. From Boca de Uchire to El Guapo the distance is 65 km; from El Guapo to Caucagua adds 59 km. | [] | [
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projected-00308543-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Caucagua | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | At Caucagua, the Pan-American Highway crosses Venezuela Highway 12. Highway 9 continues through the Cordillera Central. After about 21 km, the highway becomes a limited-access expressway for 32 km west towards the Caracas metropolitan area and the Venezuelan Federal District. | [] | [
"Venezuela",
"Caucagua"
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projected-00308543-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Caracas | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | With a population of around four million, Caracas is the largest city and capital of Venezuela. Although located near the Caribbean Sea, Caracas is on a plateau at an approximate height of , so its weather can vary greatly. The city lies under Cerro El Ávila, a mountain approximately high.
Attractions include the Ter... | [] | [
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projected-00308543-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Maracay | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | Maracay is the capital and most important city of Aragua state in central Venezuela. It was officially established on March 5, 1701, by Bishop Diego de Baños y Sotomayor in the valleys of Tocopio and Tapatapa (what is known today as the central valley of Aragua) in northern Venezuela.
In Spanish, Maracay is known as "... | [] | [
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"Maracay"
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projected-00308543-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Valencia | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | Valencia is the capital city of Carabobo state. The city is an economic hub that contains Venezuela's top industries and manufacturing companies. Its population is about 1.4 million. Valencia is known for its racial and international diversity. The city is located in a valley, some over the sea and surrounded by a mou... | [] | [
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projected-00308543-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | San Felipe | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | From Guaremal to San Felipe, the major city in Yaracuy, is about 26 km. The city itself is located on a route adjacent to Highway 1. The road runs 73 km from San Felipe to the state border with Lara (located just past the town of Cambural). | [] | [
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projected-00308543-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Barquisimeto | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | The distance from the border to Barquisimeto is about 16 km.
Barquisimeto, the capital of Lara state, is a successful industrial and commercial centre. It has one of the largest markets in Latin America - Mercabar - where about 80% of the food produced in Venezuela is distributed throughout the country, and various sh... | [] | [
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projected-00308543-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Trujillo (state) | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | Once in the state of Trujillo (near the town of Parajá), the Pan-American Highway continues in a southwest direction; it does not travel through the state capital city of Trujillo but connects to Trujillo by way of state highways 3 and 1. The highway's length in this state is about 111 km. | [] | [
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] |
projected-00308543-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Mérida (state) | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | The highway enters Mérida state near Arapuey. As in Trujillo, the highway does not travel through the major population centers, of which the largest is Mérida. Highway 1 connects to Mérida via an 88 km stretch of Mérida state highway 4. About 5 km southwest of Caja Seca is a 13 km cutoff road to Lake Maracaibo, Venezue... | [] | [
"Venezuela",
"Mérida (state)"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | San Cristóbal | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | Upon entering the state of Táchira, the high extends about 58 km from the border to the junction with Venezuela Highway 6. From the junction to the city of San Cristóbal the distance is 44 km, although there is a separate expressway that parallels the Pan-American Highway along this stretch. From San Cristóbal to the V... | [] | [
"Venezuela",
"San Cristóbal"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Colombia | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | From Yaviza, Panama southeast lies the virtually impenetrable Darién Gap, a stretch of some of the world's most rugged, mountainous jungle terrain. It is advised that travelers do not enter the Darién Gap as it is considered dangerous; it is a haven for bandits, smugglers, and Colombian paramilitary forces. The Colomb... | [] | [
"Colombia"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Cúcuta | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | The main route of the Pan-American Highway in Colombia (starting from the northeast) begins just east of Cúcuta, the capital city of the department of Norte de Santander. The highway follows Colombia Route 55 for 63 km from Cúcuta to Pamplona, where it shifts to Colombia Route 66 for 45 km to reach the border with the ... | [] | [
"Colombia",
"Cúcuta"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Bucaramanga | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | From the department border, Route 66 continues southwest for 50 km toward Bucaramanga, state capital of Santander located on a plateau in the Cordillera Oriental. From Bucaramanga, the Pan-American Highway switches from Route 66 to Colombia Route 45A, which it follows south by southwest to the town of Barbosa. This 203... | [] | [
"Colombia",
"Bucaramanga"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Tunja | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | A 53-km stretch of highway connects Barbosa with Tunja, an important agriculture and mining center in the region. The Pan-American Highway switches routes again in Tunja, returning to Colombia Route 55 on its way to Cundinamarca and the national capital, Bogotá. The stretch of highway from Tunja to the departmental bor... | [] | [
"Colombia",
"Tunja"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Bogotá | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | From the Cundinamarca departmental line, the highway continues another 26 km without tolls before becoming a toll road again. From that point, the highway reaches Bogotá in 52 km. Bogotá is the capital and largest city of Colombia, with a population of roughly 7.8 million (about 8.5 million in the metropolitan area). B... | [] | [
"Colombia",
"Bogotá"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Ibagué | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | From the Tolima departmental border, the highway continues as a toll road for another 16 km to El Espinal. It travels west and after another 37 km, reaches the city of Ibagué. Ibagué is the capital of Tolima department and has an estimated population of 422,549. The city is situated above sea level on the eastern slop... | [] | [
"Colombia",
"Ibagué"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Armenia | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | Upon crossing into Quindío, Colombia Route 40 continues westward for another 4 km before reaching Calarcá, where Route 40 splits into two spurs. One enters Armenia. The spurs rejoin about 18 km southwest of Calarcá at the town of Club Campestre. The city of Armenia has about 300,000 people and an economy based on coffe... | [] | [
"Colombia",
"Armenia"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Cali | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | From the border, the Pan-American Highway travels 26 km to the town of La Paila, where it crosses Colombia Route 25. At this junction, the two routes merge and become a toll road for 61 km from that point to Buga. At Buga, Route 40 splits west toward the city of Buenaventura and the Pacific Ocean; the Pan-American High... | [] | [
"Colombia",
"Cali"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Popayán | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | The highway continues south along Route 25 throughout its length in the department of Cauca. After 50 km, the highway becomes a toll road at Santander de Qulichao until reaching Santander de Qulichao and Popayán after 74 km.
Popayán is the capital of the department of Cauca, with a population of about 215,000. Located... | [] | [
"Colombia",
"Popayán"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Pasto | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | From the Nariño departmental border, the highway continues south as Route 25. From the border to the city of Pasto is 84 km.
Pasto is the capital of the department of Nariño, located in southwest Colombia. The city is located in the "Valle de Atriz", on the Andes cordillera, at the foot of the Galeras volcano, above ... | [] | [
"Colombia",
"Pasto"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Ecuador | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | Ecuador Highway 35, the "Troncal de la Sierra" (Highland's Road), is commonly known to Ecuadorians as "La Panamericana" and forms Ecuador's contribution to the project. It connects cities and towns from the Sierra region, from Tulcán at the north (border with Colombia), passing through Quito, the country's capital, to ... | [] | [
"Ecuador"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Tulcán | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | The Ecuadorian portion begins at the Colombian border in Carchi province and almost immediately enters the city of Tulcán, the capital of Carchi province. The population of Tulcán is approximately 53,000. Tulcán is known for its hot springs and a topiary garden cemetery created by José Franco.
From Tulcán, the road co... | [] | [
"Ecuador",
"Tulcán"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Ibarra | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | Ibarra (population 80,477) is the capital of Imbabura province. It lies at the foot of Imbabura volcano and on the left bank of the Tahuando river. It is about northeast of Ecuador's capital Quito. Ibarra is a market town popular with tourists. It features colonial white-washed houses (giving it the nickname The White... | [] | [
"Ecuador",
"Ibarra"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Quito | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | Quito is Ecuador's capital and second largest city (after Guayaquil). It is located in the Guayllabamba river basin on the eastern slopes of the Pichincha (), an active stratovolcano in the Andes. It is the world's second highest () capital city, behind La Paz, Bolivia. Its 2001 population was 1,399,378 (census data). ... | [] | [
"Ecuador",
"Quito"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Latacunga | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | Latacunga sits on a plateau, as capital of Cotopaxi province, near the confluence of the Alaques and Cutuchi that form the Patate, the headstream of the Pastaza. Latacunga stands on the old road between Guayaquil and Quito. It is above sea level near Cotopaxi volcano.
From Latacunga, the Pan-American Highway continue... | [] | [
"Ecuador",
"Latacunga"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Ambato | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | Ambato (officially San Juan de Ambato) is in the center of Ecuador near the Ambato River. It is the capital of Tungurahua province, at an elevation of above sea level. The population is 154,095. The city is a leading commercial and transportation center for a fertile region near the northern foot of the Chimborazo vol... | [] | [
"Ecuador",
"Ambato"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Azogues | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | Azogues is capital of Cañar Province.
From Azogues the road becomes six lanes wide (three north, three south) built in 1995, until it reaches Cuenca. | [] | [
"Ecuador",
"Azogues"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Cuenca | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | Cuenca is the commercial center of the southern region, an UNESCO World Heritage Site and the third largest city in Ecuador by population (more than 467,000 by 2010). It is the capital of Azuay Province at . Points of interest include the Old Cathedral (Iglesia de El Sagrario), New cathedral (official name: Catedral Me... | [] | [
"Ecuador",
"Cuenca"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Peru | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | Peru Highway 1 runs north–south the length of the country and connects all major cities in the coastal area.
The northern terminus of the highway is located in Aguas Verdes (Tumbes Region) at the border with Ecuador. Starting in this point, the highway is known as Carretera Panamericana Norte ("North Pan-American High... | [] | [
"Peru"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Tumbes | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | From Aguas Verdes to Tumbes 23 km | [] | [
"Peru",
"Tumbes"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Piura | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | From Tumbes to Sullana 232 km
From Sullana to Piura 50 km | [] | [
"Peru",
"Piura"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Lambayeque | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | From Piura to Chiclayo 213 km | [] | [
"Peru",
"Lambayeque"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | La Libertad | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | From Chiclayo to Trujillo 209 km | [] | [
"Peru",
"La Libertad"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Ancash | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | From Trujillo to Chimbote 130 km | [] | [
"Peru",
"Ancash"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Lima | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | From Chimbote to Lima 440 km
From this point south the highway is called Carretera Panamericana Sur ("South Pan-American Highway"), until it reaches the southern border, located in the Santa Rosa Border Post (36 km south of Tacna, the highway's closest major city), in the Tacna Region at the border with Chile.
From L... | [] | [
"Peru",
"Lima"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Ica | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | From Cañete to Chincha Alta 52 km
From Chincha Alta to Pisco 50 km
From Pisco to Ica 75 km
From Ica to Nazca 135 km | [] | [
"Peru",
"Ica"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Arequipa | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | From Nazca to Arequipa 570 km | [] | [
"Peru",
"Arequipa"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Moquegua | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | From Arequipa to Moquegua 225 km | [] | [
"Peru",
"Moquegua"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Tacna | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | From Moquegua to Tacna 123 km
From Tacna to Arica, Chile 82 km | [] | [
"Peru",
"Tacna"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-047 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Chile | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | Ed. Note: Major cities are emphasized. Locations of interest that are not strictly "on" the Pan-American Highway are italicized. Cities are listed southbound, subdivided by Regiones (lit. Regions).
Chile Ruta 5
Ruta 5 (Chile Route 5) begins at the Chilean-Peruvian border. Although the section of Ruta 5 that is part o... | [] | [
"Chile"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |
projected-00308543-048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American%20Highway%20%28South%20America%29 | Pan-American Highway (South America) | Región de Antofagasta | This article describes the Pan-American Highway's routing in South America from north to south. For the North America portion of the route, see Pan-American Highway (North America).
The project of the Pan-American highway began approximately in or before 1923. The main idea was to create a network of wide roads that w... | 45 km to El Toco
53 km to Miraje
15 km to Pedro de Valdivia
62 km to Carmen Alto
26 km to Baquedano
31 km to Prat
13 km to Uribe
23 km to Antofagasta
22 km to La Negra
29 km to Varillas
91 km to Los Vientos
88 km to Agua Verde
155 km to Chañaral, Región de Atacama | [] | [
"Chile",
"Región de Antofagasta"
] | [
"Pan-American Highway",
"Road transport in South America"
] |