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text_id stringlengths 22 22 | page_url stringlengths 31 389 | page_title stringlengths 1 250 | section_title stringlengths 0 4.67k | context_page_description stringlengths 0 108k | context_section_description stringlengths 1 187k | media list | hierachy list | category list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
projected-00309323-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambi%2C%20a%20Life%20in%20the%20Woods | Bambi, a Life in the Woods | Ballet | Bambi, a Life in the Woods (German title: Bambi: Eine Lebensgeschichte aus dem Walde) is a 1923 Austrian coming-of-age novel written by Felix Salten and originally published in Berlin by Ullstein Verlag. The novel traces the life of Bambi, a male roe deer, from his birth through childhood, the loss of his mother, the f... | The Estonian composer Lydia Auster composed the ballet Bambi in 1986 which was premièred in Tartu, Vanemuine theater, in 1987.
The Oregon Ballet Theatre adapted Bambi into an evening-length ballet entitled Bambi: Lord of the Forest. It was slated to premiere in March 2000 as the main production for the company's 2000–... | [] | [
"Ballet"
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"1923 children's books",
"1923 German-language novels",
"20th-century Austrian novels",
"Austrian children's novels",
"Austrian novels adapted into films",
"Bambi",
"Books illustrated by Kurt Wiese",
"Children's novels about animals",
"Environmental fiction books",
"Novels about animals",
"Novel... |
projected-00309323-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambi%2C%20a%20Life%20in%20the%20Woods | Bambi, a Life in the Woods | Theater | Bambi, a Life in the Woods (German title: Bambi: Eine Lebensgeschichte aus dem Walde) is a 1923 Austrian coming-of-age novel written by Felix Salten and originally published in Berlin by Ullstein Verlag. The novel traces the life of Bambi, a male roe deer, from his birth through childhood, the loss of his mother, the f... | Playwright James DeVita, of the First Stage Children's Theater, created a stage adaptation of the novel. The script was published by Anchorage Press Plays on 1 June 1997. Crafted for young adults and teenagers and retaining the title Bambi—A Life in the Woods, it has been produced around the United States at various ve... | [] | [
"Theater"
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"1923 children's books",
"1923 German-language novels",
"20th-century Austrian novels",
"Austrian children's novels",
"Austrian novels adapted into films",
"Bambi",
"Books illustrated by Kurt Wiese",
"Children's novels about animals",
"Environmental fiction books",
"Novels about animals",
"Novel... |
projected-00309323-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambi%2C%20a%20Life%20in%20the%20Woods | Bambi, a Life in the Woods | Book | Bambi, a Life in the Woods (German title: Bambi: Eine Lebensgeschichte aus dem Walde) is a 1923 Austrian coming-of-age novel written by Felix Salten and originally published in Berlin by Ullstein Verlag. The novel traces the life of Bambi, a male roe deer, from his birth through childhood, the loss of his mother, the f... | In 1999, the novel was adapted into an illustrated hardback children's book by Janet Schulman, illustrated by Steve Johnson and Lou Fancher, and published by Simon & Schuster as part of its "Atheneum Books for Young Readers" imprint. In the adaptation, Schulman attempted to retain some of the lyrical feel of the origin... | [] | [
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"1923 children's books",
"1923 German-language novels",
"20th-century Austrian novels",
"Austrian children's novels",
"Austrian novels adapted into films",
"Bambi",
"Books illustrated by Kurt Wiese",
"Children's novels about animals",
"Environmental fiction books",
"Novels about animals",
"Novel... |
projected-00309323-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambi%2C%20a%20Life%20in%20the%20Woods | Bambi, a Life in the Woods | See also | Bambi, a Life in the Woods (German title: Bambi: Eine Lebensgeschichte aus dem Walde) is a 1923 Austrian coming-of-age novel written by Felix Salten and originally published in Berlin by Ullstein Verlag. The novel traces the life of Bambi, a male roe deer, from his birth through childhood, the loss of his mother, the f... | Bambi Awards
Bambi effect
Bambi's Children
Fifteen Rabbits | [] | [
"See also"
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"1923 children's books",
"1923 German-language novels",
"20th-century Austrian novels",
"Austrian children's novels",
"Austrian novels adapted into films",
"Bambi",
"Books illustrated by Kurt Wiese",
"Children's novels about animals",
"Environmental fiction books",
"Novels about animals",
"Novel... |
projected-00309325-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phelsuma%20comorensis | Phelsuma comorensis | Introduction | Phelsuma comorensis Boettger, 1913 is a species of geckos that lives on the island Grande Comore and typically dwells on trees. It feeds on insects and nectar. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Phelsuma",
"Taxa named by Oskar Boettger",
"Reptiles described in 1913"
] | |
projected-00309325-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phelsuma%20comorensis | Phelsuma comorensis | Description | Phelsuma comorensis Boettger, 1913 is a species of geckos that lives on the island Grande Comore and typically dwells on trees. It feeds on insects and nectar. | This lizard belongs to the smallest day geckos. It can reach a maximum length of about . The body colour is olive green or pale green. A rost-coloured stripe extends from the nostril to the eye. A black lateral stripe extends from the eye to the hind leg. On the lower back there are brownish or red-brick coloured dots.... | [] | [
"Description"
] | [
"Phelsuma",
"Taxa named by Oskar Boettger",
"Reptiles described in 1913"
] |
projected-00309325-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phelsuma%20comorensis | Phelsuma comorensis | Distribution | Phelsuma comorensis Boettger, 1913 is a species of geckos that lives on the island Grande Comore and typically dwells on trees. It feeds on insects and nectar. | This species is only known from the island Grande Comore. It is found in higher areas (600 meters and upwards). It is not currently endangered. | [] | [
"Distribution"
] | [
"Phelsuma",
"Taxa named by Oskar Boettger",
"Reptiles described in 1913"
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projected-00309325-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phelsuma%20comorensis | Phelsuma comorensis | Habitat | Phelsuma comorensis Boettger, 1913 is a species of geckos that lives on the island Grande Comore and typically dwells on trees. It feeds on insects and nectar. | P. comorensis is often found on a variety of pantropic vegetation. | [] | [
"Habitat"
] | [
"Phelsuma",
"Taxa named by Oskar Boettger",
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projected-00309325-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phelsuma%20comorensis | Phelsuma comorensis | Diet | Phelsuma comorensis Boettger, 1913 is a species of geckos that lives on the island Grande Comore and typically dwells on trees. It feeds on insects and nectar. | These day geckos feed on various insects and other invertebrates. They also like to lick soft, sweet fruit, pollen and nectar. | [] | [
"Diet"
] | [
"Phelsuma",
"Taxa named by Oskar Boettger",
"Reptiles described in 1913"
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projected-00309325-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phelsuma%20comorensis | Phelsuma comorensis | Reproduction | Phelsuma comorensis Boettger, 1913 is a species of geckos that lives on the island Grande Comore and typically dwells on trees. It feeds on insects and nectar. | The females are very productive and lay up to 8 pairs of eggs per year. Juveniles reach sexual maturity after only 4–5 months. | [] | [
"Reproduction"
] | [
"Phelsuma",
"Taxa named by Oskar Boettger",
"Reptiles described in 1913"
] |
projected-00309325-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phelsuma%20comorensis | Phelsuma comorensis | Care and maintenance in captivity | Phelsuma comorensis Boettger, 1913 is a species of geckos that lives on the island Grande Comore and typically dwells on trees. It feeds on insects and nectar. | These animals should be housed in pairs and need an enclosure with live plants and vertical bamboo shoots. The temperature should be between and during the day with a 6-7 °C drop during the night. A good air flow is important. In captivity, these animals can be fed with crickets, wax moth, fruit flies, mealworms and ... | [] | [
"Care and maintenance in captivity"
] | [
"Phelsuma",
"Taxa named by Oskar Boettger",
"Reptiles described in 1913"
] |
projected-00309325-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phelsuma%20comorensis | Phelsuma comorensis | References | Phelsuma comorensis Boettger, 1913 is a species of geckos that lives on the island Grande Comore and typically dwells on trees. It feeds on insects and nectar. | Henkel, F.-W. and W. Schmidt (1995) Amphibien und Reptilien Madagaskars, der Maskarenen, Seychellen und Komoren. Ulmer Stuttgart.
McKeown, Sean (1993) The general care and maintenance of day geckos. Advanced Vivarium Systems, Lakeside CA.
Category:Phelsuma
Category:Taxa named by Oskar Boettger
Category:Reptiles desc... | [] | [
"References"
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"Phelsuma",
"Taxa named by Oskar Boettger",
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projected-00309328-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Piddle | River Piddle | Introduction | The River Piddle or Trent or North River is a small rural Dorset river which rises in the Dorset Downs and flows into Poole Harbour near Wareham. | [
"riverpiddle1.jpg"
] | [
"Introduction"
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"Rivers of Dorset",
"Poole Harbour catchment"
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projected-00309328-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Piddle | River Piddle | Etymology | The River Piddle or Trent or North River is a small rural Dorset river which rises in the Dorset Downs and flows into Poole Harbour near Wareham. | The river's name has Germanic origins and has had various spellings over the years. In AD 966 it was called the 'Pidelen', and on the church tower at Piddletrenthide—the first village to which it gives its name—it is spelled 'Pydel'. Several villages which the river passes through are named after it: as well as Piddlet... | [] | [
"Etymology"
] | [
"Rivers of Dorset",
"Poole Harbour catchment"
] |
projected-00309328-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Piddle | River Piddle | Course and characteristics | The River Piddle or Trent or North River is a small rural Dorset river which rises in the Dorset Downs and flows into Poole Harbour near Wareham. | In its upper reaches, the Piddle is a chalk stream flowing south through a steep valley cut into the dip slope of the downland, which is dominated by an agricultural landscape of calcareous grassland pasture and arable fields. It rises above the church in Alton Pancras, which was originally named Awultune, a Saxon name... | [] | [
"Course and characteristics"
] | [
"Rivers of Dorset",
"Poole Harbour catchment"
] |
projected-00309328-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Piddle | River Piddle | Cultural references | The River Piddle or Trent or North River is a small rural Dorset river which rises in the Dorset Downs and flows into Poole Harbour near Wareham. | Thomas Hardy was born and raised in a cottage at Higher Bockhampton on the ridge between the Piddle and Frome valleys, and the landscape and villages of the valley were inspiration for many of the places in his stories, including Athelhampton House (Athelhall) and Puddletown (Weatherbury).
The Piddle Valley was the su... | [] | [
"Cultural references"
] | [
"Rivers of Dorset",
"Poole Harbour catchment"
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projected-00309328-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Piddle | River Piddle | See also | The River Piddle or Trent or North River is a small rural Dorset river which rises in the Dorset Downs and flows into Poole Harbour near Wareham. | Rivers of the United Kingdom
Piddle Brook | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Rivers of Dorset",
"Poole Harbour catchment"
] |
projected-00309328-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Piddle | River Piddle | Notes | The River Piddle or Trent or North River is a small rural Dorset river which rises in the Dorset Downs and flows into Poole Harbour near Wareham. | Piddle
1Piddle | [] | [
"Notes"
] | [
"Rivers of Dorset",
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projected-00309330-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herem%20%28censure%29 | Herem (censure) | Introduction | Herem (, also Romanized chērem, ḥērem) is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning and is similar to vitandus "excommunication" in the Catholic Church. Cognate terms in other Semitic languages include the Arabic... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Excommunication",
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"Punishments in religion",
"Shunning"
] | |
projected-00309330-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herem%20%28censure%29 | Herem (censure) | Summary | Herem (, also Romanized chērem, ḥērem) is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning and is similar to vitandus "excommunication" in the Catholic Church. Cognate terms in other Semitic languages include the Arabic... | Although developed from the biblical ban, excommunication, as employed by the rabbis during Talmudic times and during the Middle Ages, became a rabbinic institution, the object of which was to preserve Jewish solidarity. A system of laws was gradually developed by rabbis, by means of which this power was limited, so th... | [] | [
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projected-00309330-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herem%20%28censure%29 | Herem (censure) | Etymology and cognate terms | Herem (, also Romanized chērem, ḥērem) is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning and is similar to vitandus "excommunication" in the Catholic Church. Cognate terms in other Semitic languages include the Arabic... | The three terms herem, "censure, excommunication", "devotion of enemies by annihilation" in the Tanakh, and "devotion of property to a kohen", are all English transliterations of the same Hebrew noun. This noun comes from the semitic root Ḥ-R-M. There is also a homonym herem "fisherman's net", which appears nine times ... | [] | [
"Etymology and cognate terms"
] | [
"Excommunication",
"Jewish courts and civil law",
"Punishments in religion",
"Shunning"
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projected-00309330-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herem%20%28censure%29 | Herem (censure) | Offenses | Herem (, also Romanized chērem, ḥērem) is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning and is similar to vitandus "excommunication" in the Catholic Church. Cognate terms in other Semitic languages include the Arabic... | The Talmud speaks of twenty-four offenses that, in theory, were punishable by a form of niddui or temporary excommunication. Maimonides (as well as later authorities) enumerates the twenty-four as follows:
insulting a learned man, even after his death;
insulting a messenger of the court;
calling a fellow Jew a "slav... | [] | [
"Offenses"
] | [
"Excommunication",
"Jewish courts and civil law",
"Punishments in religion",
"Shunning"
] |
projected-00309330-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herem%20%28censure%29 | Herem (censure) | Niddui | Herem (, also Romanized chērem, ḥērem) is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning and is similar to vitandus "excommunication" in the Catholic Church. Cognate terms in other Semitic languages include the Arabic... | The niddui () ban was usually imposed for a period of seven days (in Israel thirty days). If inflicted on account of money matters, the offender was first publicly warned ("hatra'ah") three times, on Monday, Thursday, and Monday successively, at the regular service in the synagogue. During the period of niddui, no one ... | [] | [
"Niddui"
] | [
"Excommunication",
"Jewish courts and civil law",
"Punishments in religion",
"Shunning"
] |
projected-00309330-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herem%20%28censure%29 | Herem (censure) | Herem | Herem (, also Romanized chērem, ḥērem) is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning and is similar to vitandus "excommunication" in the Catholic Church. Cognate terms in other Semitic languages include the Arabic... | If the offense was in reference to monetary matters, or if the punishment was inflicted by an individual, the laws were more lenient, the chief punishment being that men might not associate with the offender. At the expiration of the period the ban was raised by the court. If, however, the excommunicate showed no sign ... | [] | [
"Herem"
] | [
"Excommunication",
"Jewish courts and civil law",
"Punishments in religion",
"Shunning"
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projected-00309330-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herem%20%28censure%29 | Herem (censure) | Nezifah | Herem (, also Romanized chērem, ḥērem) is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning and is similar to vitandus "excommunication" in the Catholic Church. Cognate terms in other Semitic languages include the Arabic... | A milder form than either niddui or herem was the nezifah ban. (In modern Hebrew, nezifah generally means "a dressing-down" or "reading (someone) the riot act", i.e., a stern verbal rebuke.) This ban generally only lasted one day. During this time the offender dared not appear before him whom he had displeased. He had ... | [] | [
"Nezifah"
] | [
"Excommunication",
"Jewish courts and civil law",
"Punishments in religion",
"Shunning"
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projected-00309330-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herem%20%28censure%29 | Herem (censure) | Since the Jewish Enlightenment | Herem (, also Romanized chērem, ḥērem) is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning and is similar to vitandus "excommunication" in the Catholic Church. Cognate terms in other Semitic languages include the Arabic... | Except in rare cases in the Haredi and Hasidic communities, herem stopped existing after the Haskalah, when local Jewish communities lost their political autonomy, and Jews were integrated into the gentile nations in which they lived.
In 1918, the Rabbinical Council of Odessa, declared herem on Leon Trotsky and severa... | [] | [
"Since the Jewish Enlightenment"
] | [
"Excommunication",
"Jewish courts and civil law",
"Punishments in religion",
"Shunning"
] |
projected-00309330-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herem%20%28censure%29 | Herem (censure) | Literature | Herem (, also Romanized chērem, ḥērem) is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning and is similar to vitandus "excommunication" in the Catholic Church. Cognate terms in other Semitic languages include the Arabic... | Hofreiter Christian (2012): Genocide in Deuteronomy and Christian interpretation. in: Interpreting Deuteronomy. Issues and approaches. Firth, D. G., Johnston P. S. (eds), IVP Academic. | [] | [
"Literature"
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"Excommunication",
"Jewish courts and civil law",
"Punishments in religion",
"Shunning"
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projected-00309330-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herem%20%28censure%29 | Herem (censure) | See also | Herem (, also Romanized chērem, ḥērem) is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning and is similar to vitandus "excommunication" in the Catholic Church. Cognate terms in other Semitic languages include the Arabic... | Banishment in the Torah
Exile
Heresy
Heresy in Judaism
Kareth
Ostracism
Pulsa diNura
Siruv
Taboo | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Excommunication",
"Jewish courts and civil law",
"Punishments in religion",
"Shunning"
] |
projected-00309332-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Introduction | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | [] | [
"Introduction"
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"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] | |
projected-00309332-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Foundation and Tom Crumbie era (1880–1928) | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | Leicester Football Club was formed on 3 August 1880 by the merger of three smaller teams: Leicester Athletic Society, Leicester Amateurs and Leicester Alert. The club's first game was a scoreless draw on 23 October against Moseley at the Belgrave Road Cycle and Cricket Ground. On 10 September 1892 Leicester played thei... | [
"LeicesterTigers1894.jpg"
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"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Lions captains, decline and club restructure (1928–1971) | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | Club captain Doug Prentice captained the 1930 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia. The first BBC radio broadcast of a Tigers game was against Waterloo on 29 November 1930; Tigers won 21-5. Bernard Gadney became the club's first home-produced England captain in 1934 and was captain when four Leicester play... | [
"Racing-Leicester-1923.jpg"
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"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Introduction of competitions (1971–1978) | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | The 1971/72 season saw changes that would radically change both the club and the game. The RFU introduced a national Knockout Cup competition for clubs and on 16 November 1971 Tigers played their first competitive cup match since 1914, a 10-3 defeat to Nottingham at their Beeston ground. Also introduced that season w... | [] | [
"History",
"Introduction of competitions (1971–1978)"
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"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Centenary and cup and league success (1979–1988) | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | Leicester secured their first national trophy, the 1978–79 John Player Cup, by defeating Moseley 15–12. Tigers retained the cup in 1979–80 beating London Irish 21–9 at Twickenham in front of a record crowd of 27,000. 1979–80 also saw Tigers win the Midlands Merit Table for the first time. To celebrate the club's centen... | [] | [
"History",
"Centenary and cup and league success (1979–1988)"
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"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Professional and European success (1993–2003) | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | From 1993 to 2002 Leicester enjoyed a remarkable nine trophies in ten years. This streak started when Leicester won the 1993 Pilkington Cup. In 1993/94 Tigers finished runners up in the Courage League to Bath. Leicester finished as Courage League champion in 1994–95.
The advent of the 1995–96 season brought two import... | [
" Geordan Murphy.jpg"
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"History",
"Professional and European success (1993–2003)"
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"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Premiership success (2004–2013) | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | Pat Howard succeeded Wells as the Head Coach. Howard coached the club for two seasons losing a Premiership final to Sale in his first season. Over the summer of 2006, the core of a new pack was recruited, and in Howard's second season Leicester won their first piece of silverware for five years, winning the Anglo-Welsh... | [
" Tom Croft 2012.jpg"
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"Premiership success (2004–2013)"
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"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Championship drought (2013-2020) | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | The next year Northampton beat Tigers 21-20 in the Premiership semi final at Franklin's Gardens. The next two years Tigers suffered heavy away defeats in the semi finals to Bath (47-10) and Saracens (44-17).
On Monday 2 January 2017, Leicester sacked Richard Cockerill as Director of Rugby. Aaron Mauger was placed in t... | [] | [
"History",
"Championship drought (2013-2020)"
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"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Borthwick in charge (2020–present) | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | With new head coach Steve Borthwick now in charge of team selection Leicester got off to a winning start against Gloucester. In his first season at the club Borthwick guided Leicester to the 2020-21 European Rugby Challenge Cup final and 6th place in the league, securing Champions Cup rugby for the first time in two y... | [] | [
"History",
"Borthwick in charge (2020–present)"
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"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Season summary | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | * In 2001 & 2002 the winners of the league were considered champions with the winners of the playoffs considered champions from 2003 onward. | [] | [
"Season summary"
] | [
"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
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] |
projected-00309332-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Premiership play-offs | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | Leicester have participated in 14 of the 20 Premiership Play Offs, reaching nine consecutive finals between 2005 and 2013. Leicester finished first in 2004–05 going directly to the final; in Martin Johnson & Neil Back's last game for the club they lost 43–19 to Wasps. The following season Tigers finished second beati... | [
"Leicester LondonWasps final2008.jpg"
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"Leicester Tigers",
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"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
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"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Honours | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | Leicester hold the record for most Premiership titles (11), the most consecutive Premiership Final appearances (9) and the most Play off appearances (14). They were the first team to achieve an away semi-final victory in the Premiership play-offs (against Gloucester at Kingsholm on 18 May 2008).
1st XV
Premiership
... | [] | [
"Honours"
] | [
"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Nickname | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | The club's formal name is Leicester Football Club but is widely known by the nickname "Tigers". The first known use of the name was after a game against Bedford School in February 1885, the Leicester Daily Post reporting that "the Tiger stripes were keeping well together". The origin of the nickname is uncertain most ... | [
"Martin Johnson and Graham Rowntree.jpg"
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"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Player identification | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | In the 1926–27 season Leicester started using letters to identify their forwards; The Birmingham Post report for the match against Bath on 6 October 1926 noted "Leicester's forwards were picked out easily as their jerseys were decorated with large bold letters A-G". On 12 September 1931 against Old Blues the practice ... | [] | [
"Name and colours",
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"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Colours | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | Tigers' very first kit was black with white shorts and black socks, with the club's crest in the centre of the chest. From 1884 to 1887, the club played in chocolate and yellow shirts, likely giving rise to the club's nickname, white shorts and black socks before experimenting with claret and French grey horizontal str... | [] | [
"Name and colours",
"Colours"
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"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Stadium | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | The club plays its home games at Mattioli Wood Welford Road. The ground was opened in 1892 and the first stands accommodated 3,000 spectators. The clubhouse was built on the Aylestone Road end in 1909, the Members' & Crumbie Stands were built just before and just after the First World War respectively. A stand was bu... | [
" Leicester tigers new stand.jpg"
] | [
"Stadium"
] | [
"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Senior squad | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | The Leicester Tigers senior squad for the 2022–23 season is: | [] | [
"Current squad",
"Senior squad"
] | [
"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Development squad | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | Leicester Tigers' development squad is: | [] | [
"Current squad",
"Development squad"
] | [
"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Record appearances and scorers | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | David Matthews holds the record for most appearances for Leicester Tigers with 502 appearances between 1955 and 1974. Percy Lawrie is the only man to score more than 200 tries for the club, scoring a record 206 between 1907 and 1927. Dusty Hare is the club's all-time highest points scorer with 4,507 between 1976 and ... | [] | [
"Notable former players",
"Record appearances and scorers"
] | [
"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Internationals | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | 169 players from 15 different nations have been selected to represent their national side whilst a member of Leicester. The first was Jack Miles who was selected for England in 1903, Leicester's first non-English international was Scotland's Jock Lawrie in 1924. The club's first non-British or Irish player selected f... | [] | [
"Notable former players",
"Internationals"
] | [
"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Lions Tourists | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | The following are players who have represented the Lions while playing for Leicester:
3 tours:
Martin Johnson (1993, 1997, 2001)
Neil Back (1997, 2001, 2005)
2 tours:
Dan Cole (2013, 2017)
Tom Croft (2009, 2013)
Martin Corry (2001, 2005)
Graham Rowntree (1997, 2005)
Austin Healey (1997, 2001)
Dean Richard... | [] | [
"Notable former players",
"Lions Tourists"
] | [
"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Rugby World Cup | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | The following are players which have represented their countries at the Rugby World Cup, whilst playing for Leicester: | [] | [
"Notable former players",
"Rugby World Cup"
] | [
"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | International captains | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | Source:
Wavell Wakefield (England, 1924, 4 tests)
Doug Prentice (Lions, 1930, 2 tests)
George Beamish (Ireland, 1932, 4 tests)
Bernard Gadney (England, 1934–36, 8 tests; Lions, 1936, 1 test)
Douglas Kendrew (England, 1935, 2 tests)
Peter Wheeler (England, 1983–84, 5 tests)
Paul Dodge (England, 1985, 7 tests)
M... | [] | [
"Notable former players",
"International captains"
] | [
"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Captains | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | The following have been appointed club captain:
B.V.D. Zweth
A. E. Brice
A.T. Porter
L. Young
J.G.S. Coleman
W.A. Sheffield
J. Parsons
R.S. Snowden
W.R. Porter
A. McKechnie
W.H. Sturges
A.E. Cooke
E. Redman
A.O. Jones
W.J Foreman
J.W. Garner
S. Matthews
R.F. Russell
J.R Watson
P.W. Lawrie
W.J. All... | [] | [
"Notable former players",
"Captains"
] | [
"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | World Rugby Hall of Fame | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | The following people associated with club have been inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame.
Tony O'Reilly - Inducted in 2009
Martin Johnson - Inducted in 2011
Clive Woodward - Inducted in 2011
Bob Dwyer - Inducted in 2011
Waisale Serevi - Inducted in 2013
Wavell Wakefield - Inducted in 2015 | [] | [
"Notable former players",
"World Rugby Hall of Fame"
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"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Team of the Century and Walk of Legends | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | Tigers have named two "best" teams in recent times. On 1 November 2000 to celebrate the coming millennium a panel of former Tigers players and administrators named a Team of the century; whilst from October 2008 to February 2009 to celebrate the building of the then named Caterpillar Stand fans were invited to vote on... | [] | [
"Notable former players",
"Team of the Century and Walk of Legends"
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"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309332-032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leicester%20Tigers | Leicester Tigers | Current coaches | Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) are a professional rugby union club based in Leicester, England. They play in Premiership Rugby, England's top division of rugby.
The club was founded in 1880 and since 1892 plays its home matches at Mattioli Woods Welford Road in the south of the city. The club ha... | Source:
Steve Borthwick, Head coach
Aled Walters, Head of physical performance
Kevin Sinfield, Defence coach
Brett Deacon, Assistant coach
Matt Smith, Assistant coach
Tom Harrison, Scrum coach
Teresa Carrington, Team Manager | [] | [
"Coaches",
"Current coaches"
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"Leicester Tigers",
"Premiership Rugby teams",
"English rugby union teams",
"Rugby clubs established in 1880",
"1880 establishments in England",
"Sport in Leicester",
"Heineken Cup champions"
] |
projected-00309333-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylonitrile | Acrylonitrile | Introduction | Acrylonitrile is an organic compound with the formula and the structure . It is a colorless, volatile liquid although commercial samples can be yellow due to impurities. It has a pungent odor of garlic or onions. In terms of its molecular structure, it consists of a vinyl group () linked to a nitrile (). It is an ... | [] | [
"Introduction"
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"Fumigants",
"Hazardous air pollutants",
"IARC Group 2B carcinogens",
"Monomers",
"Conjugated nitriles",
"Commodity chemicals",
"Nitriles"
] | |
projected-00309333-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylonitrile | Acrylonitrile | Occurrence | Acrylonitrile is an organic compound with the formula and the structure . It is a colorless, volatile liquid although commercial samples can be yellow due to impurities. It has a pungent odor of garlic or onions. In terms of its molecular structure, it consists of a vinyl group () linked to a nitrile (). It is an ... | Acrylonitrile is not naturally formed on Earth. It has been detected at the sub-ppm level at industrial sites. It persists in the air for up to a week. It decomposes by reacting with oxygen and hydroxyl radical to form formyl cyanide and formaldehyde.
Acrylonitrile is harmful to aquatic life.
Acrylonitrile has been d... | [] | [
"Occurrence"
] | [
"Vinyl compounds",
"Fumigants",
"Hazardous air pollutants",
"IARC Group 2B carcinogens",
"Monomers",
"Conjugated nitriles",
"Commodity chemicals",
"Nitriles"
] |
projected-00309333-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylonitrile | Acrylonitrile | Production | Acrylonitrile is an organic compound with the formula and the structure . It is a colorless, volatile liquid although commercial samples can be yellow due to impurities. It has a pungent odor of garlic or onions. In terms of its molecular structure, it consists of a vinyl group () linked to a nitrile (). It is an ... | Acrylonitrile is produced by catalytic ammoxidation of propylene, also known as the SOHIO process. In 2002, world production capacity was estimated at 5 million tonnes per year, rising to about 6 million tonnes by 2017. Acetonitrile and hydrogen cyanide are significant byproducts that are recovered for sale. In fact, t... | [] | [
"Production"
] | [
"Vinyl compounds",
"Fumigants",
"Hazardous air pollutants",
"IARC Group 2B carcinogens",
"Monomers",
"Conjugated nitriles",
"Commodity chemicals",
"Nitriles"
] |
projected-00309333-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylonitrile | Acrylonitrile | Alternative routes | Acrylonitrile is an organic compound with the formula and the structure . It is a colorless, volatile liquid although commercial samples can be yellow due to impurities. It has a pungent odor of garlic or onions. In terms of its molecular structure, it consists of a vinyl group () linked to a nitrile (). It is an ... | Various green chemistry routes to acrylonitrile are being explored from renewable feedstocks, such as lignocellulosic biomass, glycerol (from biodiesel production), or glutamic acid (which can itself be produced from renewable feedstocks). The lignocellulosic route involves fermentation of the biomass to propionic acid... | [] | [
"Production",
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"Vinyl compounds",
"Fumigants",
"Hazardous air pollutants",
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"Conjugated nitriles",
"Commodity chemicals",
"Nitriles"
] |
projected-00309333-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylonitrile | Acrylonitrile | Uses | Acrylonitrile is an organic compound with the formula and the structure . It is a colorless, volatile liquid although commercial samples can be yellow due to impurities. It has a pungent odor of garlic or onions. In terms of its molecular structure, it consists of a vinyl group () linked to a nitrile (). It is an ... | Acrylonitrile is used principally as a monomer to prepare polyacrylonitrile, a homopolymer, or several important copolymers, such as styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA), and other synthetic rubbers such as acrylonitrile butadiene (NBR). Hydrodimerizat... | [] | [
"Uses"
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"Vinyl compounds",
"Fumigants",
"Hazardous air pollutants",
"IARC Group 2B carcinogens",
"Monomers",
"Conjugated nitriles",
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] |
projected-00309333-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylonitrile | Acrylonitrile | Synthesis of specialty chemicals | Acrylonitrile is an organic compound with the formula and the structure . It is a colorless, volatile liquid although commercial samples can be yellow due to impurities. It has a pungent odor of garlic or onions. In terms of its molecular structure, it consists of a vinyl group () linked to a nitrile (). It is an ... | The reaction of acrylonitrile with protic nucleophiles is a common route to a variety of specialty chemicals. The process is called cyanoethylation:
YH + H2C=CH-CN -> Y-CH2-CH2-CN
Typical protic nucleophiles are alcohols, thiols, and especially amines.
Acrylonitrile and derivatives, such as 2-chloroacrylonitrile, ar... | [] | [
"Uses",
"Synthesis of specialty chemicals"
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"Fumigants",
"Hazardous air pollutants",
"IARC Group 2B carcinogens",
"Monomers",
"Conjugated nitriles",
"Commodity chemicals",
"Nitriles"
] |
projected-00309333-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylonitrile | Acrylonitrile | Health effects | Acrylonitrile is an organic compound with the formula and the structure . It is a colorless, volatile liquid although commercial samples can be yellow due to impurities. It has a pungent odor of garlic or onions. In terms of its molecular structure, it consists of a vinyl group () linked to a nitrile (). It is an ... | Acrylonitrile is highly flammable and toxic at low doses. It undergoes explosive polymerization. The burning material releases fumes of hydrogen cyanide and oxides of nitrogen. It is classified as a Class 2B carcinogen (possibly carcinogenic) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and workers expos... | [] | [
"Health effects"
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"Vinyl compounds",
"Fumigants",
"Hazardous air pollutants",
"IARC Group 2B carcinogens",
"Monomers",
"Conjugated nitriles",
"Commodity chemicals",
"Nitriles"
] |
projected-00309334-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae%20Paulescu | Nicolae Paulescu | Introduction | Nicolae Constantin Paulescu (; 30 October 1869 (O.S.) – 17 July 1931) was a Romanian physiologist, professor of medicine, and politician, most famous for his work on diabetes, including patenting pancreine (a pancreatic extract containing insulin). The "pancreine" was an extract of bovine pancreas in salted water, afte... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1869 births",
"1931 deaths",
"University of Paris alumni",
"Romanian diabetologists",
"Members of the Romanian Academy elected posthumously",
"Members of the Iron Guard",
"Romanian inventors",
"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy faculty",
"Romanian fascists",
"Romanian journalists",... | |
projected-00309334-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae%20Paulescu | Nicolae Paulescu | Early life and education | Nicolae Constantin Paulescu (; 30 October 1869 (O.S.) – 17 July 1931) was a Romanian physiologist, professor of medicine, and politician, most famous for his work on diabetes, including patenting pancreine (a pancreatic extract containing insulin). The "pancreine" was an extract of bovine pancreas in salted water, afte... | Born in Bucharest, he was the first of four children of Costache and Maria Paulescu. He displayed remarkable abilities as early as his first school years. He learned French, Latin and Ancient Greek at an early age, so that a few years later he became fluent in all these languages and was able to read classical works o... | [
"Nicolae Paulescu 1897b.jpg"
] | [
"Early life and education"
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"1869 births",
"1931 deaths",
"University of Paris alumni",
"Romanian diabetologists",
"Members of the Romanian Academy elected posthumously",
"Members of the Iron Guard",
"Romanian inventors",
"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy faculty",
"Romanian fascists",
"Romanian journalists",... |
projected-00309334-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae%20Paulescu | Nicolae Paulescu | Career | Nicolae Constantin Paulescu (; 30 October 1869 (O.S.) – 17 July 1931) was a Romanian physiologist, professor of medicine, and politician, most famous for his work on diabetes, including patenting pancreine (a pancreatic extract containing insulin). The "pancreine" was an extract of bovine pancreas in salted water, afte... | Upon receiving his M.D., Paulescu was immediately appointed as assistant surgeon at the Notre-Dame du Perpétuel-Secours Hospital in Paris. In 1900, Paulescu returned to Romania, where he remained until his death (1931) as Head of the Physiology Department of the University of Bucharest Medical School, as well as a Pro... | [] | [
"Career"
] | [
"1869 births",
"1931 deaths",
"University of Paris alumni",
"Romanian diabetologists",
"Members of the Romanian Academy elected posthumously",
"Members of the Iron Guard",
"Romanian inventors",
"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy faculty",
"Romanian fascists",
"Romanian journalists",... |
projected-00309334-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae%20Paulescu | Nicolae Paulescu | Work on insulin | Nicolae Constantin Paulescu (; 30 October 1869 (O.S.) – 17 July 1931) was a Romanian physiologist, professor of medicine, and politician, most famous for his work on diabetes, including patenting pancreine (a pancreatic extract containing insulin). The "pancreine" was an extract of bovine pancreas in salted water, afte... | In 1916, he succeeded in developing an aqueous pancreatic extract which, when injected into a diabetic dog, proved to have a normalizing effect on blood sugar levels. Shortly after completing the experiments, he was called to service in the Romanian army. After World War I, he resumed his research.
From 24 April to 23... | [] | [
"Career",
"Work on insulin"
] | [
"1869 births",
"1931 deaths",
"University of Paris alumni",
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projected-00309334-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae%20Paulescu | Nicolae Paulescu | Nobel Prize controversy | Nicolae Constantin Paulescu (; 30 October 1869 (O.S.) – 17 July 1931) was a Romanian physiologist, professor of medicine, and politician, most famous for his work on diabetes, including patenting pancreine (a pancreatic extract containing insulin). The "pancreine" was an extract of bovine pancreas in salted water, afte... | In February 1922, doctor Frederick Grant Banting and biochemist John James Rickard Macleod from the University of Toronto, Canada, published their paper on the successful use of a different, alcohol-based pancreatic extract for normalizing blood sugar (glucose) levels (glycemia) in a human patient. An unsuccessful atte... | [] | [
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"Romanian journalists",... |
projected-00309334-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae%20Paulescu | Nicolae Paulescu | Antisemitism | Nicolae Constantin Paulescu (; 30 October 1869 (O.S.) – 17 July 1931) was a Romanian physiologist, professor of medicine, and politician, most famous for his work on diabetes, including patenting pancreine (a pancreatic extract containing insulin). The "pancreine" was an extract of bovine pancreas in salted water, afte... | Paulescu has been criticized for his political activity centered on antisemitic views and eugenism, which found their expression also in articles such as The Judeo-Masonic plot against the Romanian nation (expressed in his book, Philosophic Physiology: The Hospital, the Koran, the Talmud, the Kahal and Freemasonry):
W... | [
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projected-00309334-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae%20Paulescu | Nicolae Paulescu | Honours | Nicolae Constantin Paulescu (; 30 October 1869 (O.S.) – 17 July 1931) was a Romanian physiologist, professor of medicine, and politician, most famous for his work on diabetes, including patenting pancreine (a pancreatic extract containing insulin). The "pancreine" was an extract of bovine pancreas in salted water, afte... | Paulescu died in 1931 in Bucharest. He is buried in Bellu cemetery.
In 1990, he was elected posthumously as member of the Romanian Academy.
In 1993, the Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases in Bucharest was named in his honour (Institutul de Diabet, Nutriţie şi Boli Metabolice "N. C. Paulescu"). Th... | [] | [
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"Romanian journalists",... |
projected-00309343-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | Introduction | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Lattice theory",
"Constructivism (mathematics)",
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projected-00309343-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | Formal definition | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | A Heyting algebra H is a bounded lattice such that for all a and b in H there is a greatest element x of H such that
This element is the relative pseudo-complement of a with respect to b, and is denoted a→b. We write 1 and 0 for the largest and the smallest element of H, respectively.
In any Heyting algebra, one defi... | [] | [
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] | [
"Lattice theory",
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projected-00309343-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | Category-theoretic definition | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | A Heyting algebra is a bounded lattice that has all exponential objects.
The lattice is regarded as a category where
meet, , is the product. The exponential condition means that for any objects and in an exponential uniquely exists as an object in .
A Heyting implication (often written using or to avoid conf... | [] | [
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projected-00309343-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | Lattice-theoretic definitions | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | An equivalent definition of Heyting algebras can be given by considering the mappings:
for some fixed a in H. A bounded lattice H is a Heyting algebra if and only if every mapping fa is the lower adjoint of a monotone Galois connection. In this case the respective upper adjoint ga is given by ga(x) = a→x, where → is d... | [] | [
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projected-00309343-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | Bounded lattice with an implication operation | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | Given a bounded lattice A with largest and smallest elements 1 and 0, and a binary operation →, these together form a Heyting algebra if and only if the following hold:
where equation 4 is the distributive law for →. | [] | [
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projected-00309343-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | Characterization using the axioms of intuitionistic logic | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | This characterization of Heyting algebras makes the proof of the basic facts concerning the relationship between intuitionist propositional calculus and Heyting algebras immediate. (For these facts, see the sections "Provable identities" and "Universal constructions".) One should think of the element as meaning, intui... | [] | [
"Alternative definitions",
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projected-00309343-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | Examples | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | Every Boolean algebra is a Heyting algebra, with p→q given by ¬p∨q.
Every totally ordered set that has a least element 0 and a greatest element 1 is a Heyting algebra (if viewed as a lattice). In this case p→q equals to 1 when p≤q, and q otherwise.
<li> The simplest Heyting algebra that is not already a Boolean algebr... | [
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"Examples"
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"Lattice theory",
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projected-00309343-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | General properties | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | The ordering on a Heyting algebra H can be recovered from the operation → as follows: for any elements a, b of H, if and only if a→b = 1.
In contrast to some many-valued logics, Heyting algebras share the following property with Boolean algebras: if negation has a fixed point (i.e. ¬a = a for some a), then the Heyti... | [] | [
"Properties",
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projected-00309343-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | Provable identities | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | Given a formula of propositional calculus (using, in addition to the variables, the connectives , and the constants 0 and 1), it is a fact, proved early on in any study of Heyting algebras, that the following two conditions are equivalent:
The formula F is provably true in intuitionist propositional calculus.
The id... | [] | [
"Properties",
"Provable identities"
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"Lattice theory",
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projected-00309343-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | Distributivity | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | Heyting algebras are always distributive. Specifically, we always have the identities
The distributive law is sometimes stated as an axiom, but in fact it follows from the existence of relative pseudo-complements. The reason is that, being the lower adjoint of a Galois connection, preserves all existing suprema. Dist... | [] | [
"Properties",
"Distributivity"
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"Lattice theory",
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projected-00309343-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | Regular and complemented elements | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | An element x of a Heyting algebra H is called regular if either of the following equivalent conditions hold:
x = ¬¬x.
x = ¬y for some y in H.
The equivalence of these conditions can be restated simply as the identity ¬¬¬x = ¬x, valid for all x in H.
Elements x and y of a Heyting algebra H are called complements to e... | [] | [
"Properties",
"Regular and complemented elements"
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"Lattice theory",
"Constructivism (mathematics)",
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projected-00309343-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | The De Morgan laws in a Heyting algebra | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | One of the two De Morgan laws is satisfied in every Heyting algebra, namely
However, the other De Morgan law does not always hold. We have instead a weak de Morgan law:
The following statements are equivalent for all Heyting algebras H:
H satisfies both De Morgan laws,
Condition 2 is the other De Morgan law. Conditi... | [] | [
"Properties",
"The De Morgan laws in a Heyting algebra"
] | [
"Lattice theory",
"Constructivism (mathematics)",
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projected-00309343-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | Definition | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | Given two Heyting algebras H1 and H2 and a mapping we say that ƒ is a morphism of Heyting algebras if, for any elements x and y in H1, we have:
It follows from any of the last three conditions (2, 3, or 4) that f is an increasing function, that is, that whenever .
Assume H1 and H2 are structures with operations →, ... | [] | [
"Heyting algebra morphisms",
"Definition"
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"Lattice theory",
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projected-00309343-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | Properties | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | The identity map from any Heyting algebra to itself is a morphism, and the composite of any two morphisms f and g is a morphism. Hence Heyting algebras form a category. | [] | [
"Heyting algebra morphisms",
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"Lattice theory",
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projected-00309343-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | Examples | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | Given a Heyting algebra H and any subalgebra H1, the inclusion mapping is a morphism.
For any Heyting algebra H, the map defines a morphism from H onto the Boolean algebra of its regular elements Hreg. This is not in general a morphism from H to itself, since the join operation of Hreg may be different from that of ... | [] | [
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projected-00309343-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | Quotients | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | Let H be a Heyting algebra, and let We call F a filter on H if it satisfies the following properties:
The intersection of any set of filters on H is again a filter. Therefore, given any subset S of H there is a smallest filter containing S. We call it the filter generated by S. If S is empty, Otherwise, F is equal t... | [] | [
"Quotients"
] | [
"Lattice theory",
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projected-00309343-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | Heyting algebra of propositional formulas in n variables up to intuitionist equivalence | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | The metaimplication in the section "Provable identities" is proved by showing that the result of the following construction is itself a Heyting algebra:
Consider the set L of propositional formulas in the variables A1, A2,..., An.
Endow L with a preorder ≼ by defining F≼G if G is an (intuitionist) logical consequence... | [] | [
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projected-00309343-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | Free Heyting algebra on an arbitrary set of generators | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | In fact, the preceding construction can be carried out for any set of variables {Ai : i∈I} (possibly infinite). One obtains in this way the free Heyting algebra on the variables {Ai}, which we will again denote by H0. It is free in the sense that given any Heyting algebra H given together with a family of its elements ... | [] | [
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projected-00309343-022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | Heyting algebra of formulas equivalent with respect to a theory T | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | Given a set of formulas T in the variables {Ai}, viewed as axioms, the same construction could have been carried out with respect to a relation F≼G defined on L to mean that G is a provable consequence of F and the set of axioms T. Let us denote by HT the Heyting algebra so obtained. Then HT satisfies the same universa... | [] | [
"Universal constructions",
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projected-00309343-023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | Comparison to Lindenbaum algebras | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | The constructions we have just given play an entirely analogous role with respect to Heyting algebras to that of Lindenbaum algebras with respect to Boolean algebras. In fact, The Lindenbaum algebra BT in the variables {Ai} with respect to the axioms T is just our HT∪T1, where T1 is the set of all formulas of the form ... | [] | [
"Universal constructions",
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projected-00309343-024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | Heyting algebras as applied to intuitionistic logic | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | If one interprets the axioms of the intuitionistic propositional logic as terms of a Heyting algebra, then they will evaluate to the largest element, 1, in any Heyting algebra under any assignment of values to the formula's variables. For instance, (P∧Q)→P is, by definition of the pseudo-complement, the largest element... | [] | [
"Heyting algebras as applied to intuitionistic logic"
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"Lattice theory",
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projected-00309343-025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | Decision problems | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | The problem of whether a given equation holds in every Heyting algebra was shown to be decidable by Saul Kripke in 1965. The precise computational complexity of the problem was established by Richard Statman in 1979, who showed it was PSPACE-complete and hence at least as hard as deciding equations of Boolean algebra (... | [] | [
"Decision problems"
] | [
"Lattice theory",
"Constructivism (mathematics)",
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projected-00309343-026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | Topological representation and duality theory | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | Every Heyting algebra is naturally isomorphic to a bounded sublattice of open sets of a topological space , where the implication of is given by the interior of .
More precisely, is the spectral space of prime ideals of the bounded lattice and is the lattice of open and quasi-compact subsets of .
More generall... | [] | [
"Topological representation and duality theory"
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"Lattice theory",
"Constructivism (mathematics)",
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projected-00309343-028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | See also | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | Alexandrov topology
Superintuitionistic (aka intermediate) logics
List of Boolean algebra topics
Ockham algebra | [] | [
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"Lattice theory",
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projected-00309343-029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyting%20algebra | Heyting algebra | References | In mathematics, a Heyting algebra (also known as pseudo-Boolean algebra) is a bounded lattice (with join and meet operations written ∨ and ∧ and with least element 0 and greatest element 1) equipped with a binary operation a → b of implication such that (c ∧ a) ≤ b is equivalent to c ≤ (a → b). From a logical standpoin... | F. Borceux, Handbook of Categorical Algebra 3, In Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications, Vol. 53, Cambridge University Press, 1994.
G. Gierz, K.H. Hoffmann, K. Keimel, J. D. Lawson, M. Mislove and D. S. Scott, Continuous Lattices and Domains, In Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications, Vol. 93, C... | [] | [
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projected-00309344-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain%20people | Plain people | Introduction | Plain people are Christian groups characterized by separation from the world and by simple living, including plain dressing in modest clothing (including the headcovering for women). Many Plain people have an Anabaptist background. These denominations are largely of German, Swiss German and Dutch ancestry, though peopl... | [] | [
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projected-00309344-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain%20people | Plain people | Anabaptists | Plain people are Christian groups characterized by separation from the world and by simple living, including plain dressing in modest clothing (including the headcovering for women). Many Plain people have an Anabaptist background. These denominations are largely of German, Swiss German and Dutch ancestry, though peopl... | The Mennonite movement was a reform movement of Anabaptist origins begun by Swiss Brethren and soon thereafter finding greater cohesion based on the teachings of Menno Simons 1496–1561, and the 1632 Dordrecht Confession of Faith. The Amish movement was a reform movement within the Mennonite movement, based on the teach... | [
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projected-00309344-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain%20people | Plain people | Quakers | Plain people are Christian groups characterized by separation from the world and by simple living, including plain dressing in modest clothing (including the headcovering for women). Many Plain people have an Anabaptist background. These denominations are largely of German, Swiss German and Dutch ancestry, though peopl... | William Penn, having experienced religious persecution as a Quaker, offered asylum to others who were suffering religious persecution, an offer that many followers of Jacob Ammann accepted, starting with the Detweiler and Sieber families, who settled in Berks County, Pennsylvania, in 1736. Many of them settled near Lan... | [] | [
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projected-00309344-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain%20people | Plain people | Plain dress | Plain people are Christian groups characterized by separation from the world and by simple living, including plain dressing in modest clothing (including the headcovering for women). Many Plain people have an Anabaptist background. These denominations are largely of German, Swiss German and Dutch ancestry, though peopl... | Notable Plain groups in the Anabaptist tradition are the Amish (Old Order Amish, New Order Amish, Kauffman Amish Mennonites and Beachy Amish Mennonites), Para-Amish (Believers in Christ, Vernon Community and Caneyville Christian Community), many Mennonites (Old Order Mennonites, Conservative Mennonites, Reformed Mennon... | [
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projected-00309344-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain%20people | Plain people | Plain customs | Plain people are Christian groups characterized by separation from the world and by simple living, including plain dressing in modest clothing (including the headcovering for women). Many Plain people have an Anabaptist background. These denominations are largely of German, Swiss German and Dutch ancestry, though peopl... | Customs of Plain people include:
Plain clothes, usually in solid, normally dark colors.
Plain church buildings, or no church buildings whatsoever.
A utilitarian view of technology, similar to the precautionary principle of technology in that unknowns should be avoided, but the emphasis was on the results in the eyes... | [] | [
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"Simple living"
] |
projected-00309344-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain%20people | Plain people | Religious practices | Plain people are Christian groups characterized by separation from the world and by simple living, including plain dressing in modest clothing (including the headcovering for women). Many Plain people have an Anabaptist background. These denominations are largely of German, Swiss German and Dutch ancestry, though peopl... | Anabaptist Plain groups typically have a bishop presiding over one congregation (Amish) or over a district (group of congregations) (Old Order Mennonites). Mennonites mostly meet in church buildings, but most Amish meet in members' homes. Services among Amish and Plain Mennonites are mostly held in Pennsylvania German,... | [] | [
"Religious practices"
] | [
"Anabaptism",
"Protestant religious clothing",
"Protestantism in Pennsylvania",
"Religion in Lancaster, Pennsylvania",
"Pennsylvania German culture",
"Simple living"
] |