Search is not available for this dataset
text_id stringlengths 22 22 | page_url stringlengths 31 389 | page_title stringlengths 1 250 | section_title stringlengths 0 4.67k | context_page_description stringlengths 0 108k | context_section_description stringlengths 1 187k | media list | hierachy list | category list |
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projected-00309762-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kythira | Kythira | Villages of Kythira | Kythira (, ; , , also transliterated as Cythera, Kythera and Kithira) is an island in Greece lying opposite the south-eastern tip of the Peloponnese peninsula. It is traditionally listed as one of the seven main Ionian Islands, although it is distant from the main group. Administratively, it belongs to the Islands reg... | The largest villages (2001 Greek census) are Potamós (pop. 396), Agía Pelagía (281), Chóra/Kýthira (267), Áno Livádi (175), Kálamos (157), and Livádi (126).
Agia Pelagia Kythira, Port
Agios Ilias
Alexandrades
Ano Livadi
Aroniadika
Avlemonas
Chora, (also Kythira) Kytherian Capital
Christoforianika
Diakofti, Po... | [
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projected-00309762-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kythira | Kythira | Economy | Kythira (, ; , , also transliterated as Cythera, Kythera and Kithira) is an island in Greece lying opposite the south-eastern tip of the Peloponnese peninsula. It is traditionally listed as one of the seven main Ionian Islands, although it is distant from the main group. Administratively, it belongs to the Islands reg... | Since the late 20th century, the Kythirean economy has largely focused and, in the process, has become dependent on tourism, which provides the majority of the island's income, despite the fact that Kythira is not one of the most popular tourist destinations in Greece. The popular season usually begins with the Greek h... | [
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projected-00309762-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kythira | Kythira | Kythira (town) | Kythira (, ; , , also transliterated as Cythera, Kythera and Kithira) is an island in Greece lying opposite the south-eastern tip of the Peloponnese peninsula. It is traditionally listed as one of the seven main Ionian Islands, although it is distant from the main group. Administratively, it belongs to the Islands reg... | The capital, Chora, is located on the southern part of the island having no ports connected to the southern Peloponnese or Vatika. Kythira's port for Vatika was previously situated at Agia Pelagia, although in recent years this port has been decommissioned and has been replaced by a new port at the coastal town of Diak... | [
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projected-00309762-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kythira | Kythira | Transportation | Kythira (, ; , , also transliterated as Cythera, Kythera and Kithira) is an island in Greece lying opposite the south-eastern tip of the Peloponnese peninsula. It is traditionally listed as one of the seven main Ionian Islands, although it is distant from the main group. Administratively, it belongs to the Islands reg... | The island in the past has been plagued by a poor infrastructure, exacerbated by the effect of weather on transportation during the winter months. However the construction of the new port in Diakofti along with the renovation of the island's airport have significantly reduced these effects. A new road from the island's... | [] | [
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"Landforms of Islands (regional unit)",
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projected-00309762-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kythira | Kythira | Port | Kythira (, ; , , also transliterated as Cythera, Kythera and Kithira) is an island in Greece lying opposite the south-eastern tip of the Peloponnese peninsula. It is traditionally listed as one of the seven main Ionian Islands, although it is distant from the main group. Administratively, it belongs to the Islands reg... | Despite the fact that the island has been a trade route for centuries, construction of a modern port was postponed several times until the latter half of the 20th century. In 1933, efforts were made to construct a port in the village of Agia Pelagia, yet financial and governmental problems meant that it was only decade... | [] | [
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"Landforms of Islands (regional unit)",
"Islands of Attica",
"Islands of Gre... |
projected-00309762-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kythira | Kythira | Airport | Kythira (, ; , , also transliterated as Cythera, Kythera and Kithira) is an island in Greece lying opposite the south-eastern tip of the Peloponnese peninsula. It is traditionally listed as one of the seven main Ionian Islands, although it is distant from the main group. Administratively, it belongs to the Islands reg... | The island's primary airport is the Alexander S. Onassis Airport also known as Kithira Island National Airport, located in the region between the village of Friligiannika and Diakofti, about from the capital. The airport was revamped and extended at the turn of the 21st century, largely by private funds provided by th... | [] | [
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projected-00309762-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kythira | Kythira | Notable people | Kythira (, ; , , also transliterated as Cythera, Kythera and Kithira) is an island in Greece lying opposite the south-eastern tip of the Peloponnese peninsula. It is traditionally listed as one of the seven main Ionian Islands, although it is distant from the main group. Administratively, it belongs to the Islands reg... | Philoxenus (435-380 BC), dithyrambic poet
Marco Venier, Lord of Cerigo (– 1311) was a Lord of Cerigo
Valerios Stais (1857–1923), archaeologist
Yianis Vilaras (1771–1823), poet and author
Juliette de Baïracli Levy (1912–2009), herbalist and author
George Miller, Academy Award-winning Australian director and producer, Ma... | [] | [
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"Landforms of Islands (regional unit)",
"Islands of Attica",
"Islands of Gre... |
projected-00309762-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kythira | Kythira | In popular culture | Kythira (, ; , , also transliterated as Cythera, Kythera and Kithira) is an island in Greece lying opposite the south-eastern tip of the Peloponnese peninsula. It is traditionally listed as one of the seven main Ionian Islands, although it is distant from the main group. Administratively, it belongs to the Islands reg... | Mentioned in Horace's Odes 3.12
Named as a destination of the galley carrying Judah Ben-Hur in Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ by Lew Wallace.
Botticelli's The Birth of Venus and other similarly themed paintings show the goddess Venus arriving either at the shore of Kythira or Cyprus, as classical mythology identifies ... | [] | [
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"Spartan colonies",
"Landforms of Islands (regional unit)",
"Islands of Attica",
"Islands of Gre... |
projected-00309762-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kythira | Kythira | See also | Kythira (, ; , , also transliterated as Cythera, Kythera and Kithira) is an island in Greece lying opposite the south-eastern tip of the Peloponnese peninsula. It is traditionally listed as one of the seven main Ionian Islands, although it is distant from the main group. Administratively, it belongs to the Islands reg... | 2006 Southern Greece earthquake
List of islands of Greece | [] | [
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"Municipalities of Attica",
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"Provinces of Greece",
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"Spartan colonies",
"Landforms of Islands (regional unit)",
"Islands of Attica",
"Islands of Gre... |
projected-00309762-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kythira | Kythira | References | Kythira (, ; , , also transliterated as Cythera, Kythera and Kithira) is an island in Greece lying opposite the south-eastern tip of the Peloponnese peninsula. It is traditionally listed as one of the seven main Ionian Islands, although it is distant from the main group. Administratively, it belongs to the Islands reg... | 13. ^Islands, Pirates, Privateers and the Ottoman Empire in the Early Modern Mediterranean | [] | [
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projected-00309768-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI%40home | SETI@home | Introduction | SETI@home ("SETI at home") is a project of the Berkeley SETI Research Center to analyze radio signals, searching for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence. Until March 2020, it was run as an Internet-based public volunteer computing project that employed the BOINC software platform. It is hosted by the Space Sciences ... | [] | [
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projected-00309768-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI%40home | SETI@home | Scientific research | SETI@home ("SETI at home") is a project of the Berkeley SETI Research Center to analyze radio signals, searching for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence. Until March 2020, it was run as an Internet-based public volunteer computing project that employed the BOINC software platform. It is hosted by the Space Sciences ... | The two original goals of SETI@home were:
to do useful scientific work by supporting an observational analysis to detect intelligent life outside Earth
to prove the viability and practicality of the "volunteer computing" concept
The second of these goals is considered to have succeeded completely. The current BOINC ... | [] | [
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projected-00309768-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI%40home | SETI@home | Procedure details | SETI@home ("SETI at home") is a project of the Berkeley SETI Research Center to analyze radio signals, searching for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence. Until March 2020, it was run as an Internet-based public volunteer computing project that employed the BOINC software platform. It is hosted by the Space Sciences ... | SETI@home searches for possible evidence of radio transmissions from extraterrestrial intelligence using observational data from the Arecibo radio telescope and the Green Bank Telescope. The data is taken "piggyback" or "passively" while the telescope is used for other scientific programs. The data is digitized, stored... | [] | [
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projected-00309768-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI%40home | SETI@home | Results | SETI@home ("SETI at home") is a project of the Berkeley SETI Research Center to analyze radio signals, searching for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence. Until March 2020, it was run as an Internet-based public volunteer computing project that employed the BOINC software platform. It is hosted by the Space Sciences ... | To date, the project has not confirmed the detection of any ETI signals. However, it has identified several candidate targets (sky positions), where the spike in intensity is not easily explained as noise spots, for further analysis. The most significant candidate signal to date was announced on September 1, 2004, name... | [] | [
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projected-00309768-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI%40home | SETI@home | Technology | SETI@home ("SETI at home") is a project of the Berkeley SETI Research Center to analyze radio signals, searching for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence. Until March 2020, it was run as an Internet-based public volunteer computing project that employed the BOINC software platform. It is hosted by the Space Sciences ... | Anybody with an at least intermittently Internet-connected computer was able to participate in SETI@home by running a free program that downloaded and analyzed radio telescope data.
Observational data were recorded on 2-terabyte SATA hard disk drives fed from the Arecibo Telescope in Puerto Rico, each holding about 2.... | [] | [
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projected-00309768-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI%40home | SETI@home | Software | SETI@home ("SETI at home") is a project of the Berkeley SETI Research Center to analyze radio signals, searching for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence. Until March 2020, it was run as an Internet-based public volunteer computing project that employed the BOINC software platform. It is hosted by the Space Sciences ... | The SETI@home volunteer computing software ran either as a screensaver or continuously while a user worked, making use of processor time that would otherwise be unused.
The initial software platform, now referred to as "SETI@home Classic," ran from May 17, 1999, to December 15, 2005. This program was only capable of r... | [
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"Setiathomeversion3point07.JPG"
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projected-00309768-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI%40home | SETI@home | Statistics | SETI@home ("SETI at home") is a project of the Berkeley SETI Research Center to analyze radio signals, searching for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence. Until March 2020, it was run as an Internet-based public volunteer computing project that employed the BOINC software platform. It is hosted by the Space Sciences ... | With over 5.2 million participants worldwide, the project was the volunteer computing project with the most participants to date. The original intent of SETI@home was to utilize 50,000–100,000 home computers. Since its launch on May 17, 1999, the project has logged over two million years of aggregate computing time. On... | [] | [
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projected-00309768-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI%40home | SETI@home | Project future | SETI@home ("SETI at home") is a project of the Berkeley SETI Research Center to analyze radio signals, searching for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence. Until March 2020, it was run as an Internet-based public volunteer computing project that employed the BOINC software platform. It is hosted by the Space Sciences ... | There were plans to get data from the Parkes Observatory in Australia to analyze the southern hemisphere. However, , these plans were not mentioned in the project's website. Other plans include a Multi-Beam Data Recorder, a Near Time Persistency Checker and Astropulse (an application that uses coherent dedispersion to ... | [] | [
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projected-00309768-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI%40home | SETI@home | Competitive aspect | SETI@home ("SETI at home") is a project of the Berkeley SETI Research Center to analyze radio signals, searching for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence. Until March 2020, it was run as an Internet-based public volunteer computing project that employed the BOINC software platform. It is hosted by the Space Sciences ... | SETI@home users quickly started to compete with one another to process the maximum number of work units. Teams were formed to combine the efforts of individual users. The competition continued and grew larger with the introduction of BOINC.
As with any competition, attempts have been made to "cheat" the system and cla... | [] | [
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projected-00309768-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI%40home | SETI@home | Closure of Arecibo Observatory | SETI@home ("SETI at home") is a project of the Berkeley SETI Research Center to analyze radio signals, searching for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence. Until March 2020, it was run as an Internet-based public volunteer computing project that employed the BOINC software platform. It is hosted by the Space Sciences ... | Until 2020, SETI@home procured its data from the Arecibo Observatory facility that was operated by the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center and administered by SRI International.
The decreasing operating budget for the observatory has created a shortfall of funds which has not been made up from other sources such ... | [] | [
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projected-00309768-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI%40home | SETI@home | More restrictive computer use policies in businesses | SETI@home ("SETI at home") is a project of the Berkeley SETI Research Center to analyze radio signals, searching for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence. Until March 2020, it was run as an Internet-based public volunteer computing project that employed the BOINC software platform. It is hosted by the Space Sciences ... | In one documented case, an individual was fired for explicitly importing and using the SETI@home software on computers used for the U.S. state of Ohio. In another incident a school IT director resigned after his installation allegedly cost his school district $1 million in removal costs; however, other reasons for this... | [] | [
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projected-00309768-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI%40home | SETI@home | Funding | SETI@home ("SETI at home") is a project of the Berkeley SETI Research Center to analyze radio signals, searching for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence. Until March 2020, it was run as an Internet-based public volunteer computing project that employed the BOINC software platform. It is hosted by the Space Sciences ... | There is currently no government funding for SETI research, and private funding is always limited. Berkeley Space Science Lab has found ways of working with small budgets, and the project has received donations allowing it to go well beyond its original planned duration, but it still has to compete for limited funds wi... | [] | [
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projected-00309768-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI%40home | SETI@home | Unofficial clients | SETI@home ("SETI at home") is a project of the Berkeley SETI Research Center to analyze radio signals, searching for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence. Until March 2020, it was run as an Internet-based public volunteer computing project that employed the BOINC software platform. It is hosted by the Space Sciences ... | A number of individuals and companies made unofficial changes to the distributed part of the software to try to produce faster results, but this compromised the integrity of all the results. As a result, the software had to be updated to make it easier to detect such changes, and discover unreliable clients. BOINC will... | [] | [
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projected-00309768-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI%40home | SETI@home | Hardware and database failures | SETI@home ("SETI at home") is a project of the Berkeley SETI Research Center to analyze radio signals, searching for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence. Until March 2020, it was run as an Internet-based public volunteer computing project that employed the BOINC software platform. It is hosted by the Space Sciences ... | SETI@home is a test bed for further development not only of BOINC but of other hardware and software (database) technology. Under SETI@home processing loads, these experimental technologies can be more challenging than expected, as SETI databases do not have typical accounting and business data or relational structures... | [] | [
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projected-00309768-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI%40home | SETI@home | See also | SETI@home ("SETI at home") is a project of the Berkeley SETI Research Center to analyze radio signals, searching for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence. Until March 2020, it was run as an Internet-based public volunteer computing project that employed the BOINC software platform. It is hosted by the Space Sciences ... | Active SETI
BrookGPU
Folding@home
Grid computing
List of volunteer computing projects
PlanetQuest
Primegrid
Rosetta@home
SETIcon
Systemic (amateur extrasolar planet search project)
World Community Grid | [] | [
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projected-00309769-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20dollar | Spanish dollar | Introduction | The Spanish dollar, also known as the piece of eight (, , , or ), is a silver coin of approximately diameter worth eight Spanish reales. It was minted in the Spanish Empire following a monetary reform in 1497 with content 25.563 g = 0.822 oz t fine silver. It was widely used as the first international currency becaus... | [] | [
"Introduction"
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"1497 establishments in Spain",
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projected-00309769-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20dollar | Spanish dollar | Etymology | The Spanish dollar, also known as the piece of eight (, , , or ), is a silver coin of approximately diameter worth eight Spanish reales. It was minted in the Spanish Empire following a monetary reform in 1497 with content 25.563 g = 0.822 oz t fine silver. It was widely used as the first international currency becaus... | In the 16th century, Count Hieronymus Schlick (Jeroným Šlik in Czech) of Bohemia began minting a silver coin known as a (from German , modern spelling , "valley", cognate with "dale" in English), named for , the valley in the Ore Mountains where the silver was mined. was later shortened to or thaler, a word that eve... | [] | [
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"1497 establishments in Spain",
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projected-00309769-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20dollar | Spanish dollar | Europe and colonial North America | The Spanish dollar, also known as the piece of eight (, , , or ), is a silver coin of approximately diameter worth eight Spanish reales. It was minted in the Spanish Empire following a monetary reform in 1497 with content 25.563 g = 0.822 oz t fine silver. It was widely used as the first international currency becaus... | The weighed 451 Troy grains (29.2 g = 0.94 oz t) of silver. So successful were these coins that similar s were minted in Burgundy and France. This coin was then succeeded by the long-lived Reichsthaler of the Holy Roman Empire, used from the 16th to 19th centuries, of 25.984 g = 0.8355 oz t pure silver.
The Netherla... | [] | [
"History",
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projected-00309769-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20dollar | Spanish dollar | Spain | The Spanish dollar, also known as the piece of eight (, , , or ), is a silver coin of approximately diameter worth eight Spanish reales. It was minted in the Spanish Empire following a monetary reform in 1497 with content 25.563 g = 0.822 oz t fine silver. It was widely used as the first international currency becaus... | After the introduction of the Guldengroschen in Austria in 1486, the concept of a large silver coin with high purity (sometimes known as "specie" coinage) eventually spread throughout the rest of Europe. Monetary reform in Spain brought about the introduction of an 8-real (or 1-peso) coin in 1497, minted to the followi... | [
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"History",
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projected-00309769-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20dollar | Spanish dollar | Mexico | The Spanish dollar, also known as the piece of eight (, , , or ), is a silver coin of approximately diameter worth eight Spanish reales. It was minted in the Spanish Empire following a monetary reform in 1497 with content 25.563 g = 0.822 oz t fine silver. It was widely used as the first international currency becaus... | Following independence in 1821, Mexican coinage of silver reales and gold escudos followed that of Spanish lines until decimalization and the introduction of the peso worth 8 reales or 100 centavos. It continued to be minted to Spanish standards throughout the 19th century, with the peso at 27.07 g of 0.9028 fine silve... | [
"Spanish_Dollar,_minted_in_Mexico_City_1809.jpg"
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projected-00309769-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20dollar | Spanish dollar | Australia | The Spanish dollar, also known as the piece of eight (, , , or ), is a silver coin of approximately diameter worth eight Spanish reales. It was minted in the Spanish Empire following a monetary reform in 1497 with content 25.563 g = 0.822 oz t fine silver. It was widely used as the first international currency becaus... | After the colony of New South Wales was founded in Australia in 1788, it ran into the problem of a lack of coinage, particularly since trading vessels took coins out of the colony in exchange for their cargo. In 1813, Governor Lachlan Macquarie made creative use of £10,000 in Spanish dollars sent by the British governm... | [] | [
"History",
"Australia"
] | [
"1497 establishments in Spain",
"Modern obsolete currencies",
"Coins of Spain"
] |
projected-00309769-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20dollar | Spanish dollar | United States | The Spanish dollar, also known as the piece of eight (, , , or ), is a silver coin of approximately diameter worth eight Spanish reales. It was minted in the Spanish Empire following a monetary reform in 1497 with content 25.563 g = 0.822 oz t fine silver. It was widely used as the first international currency becaus... | The Coinage Act of 1792 created the United States Mint and initially defined the United States dollar at par with the Spanish dollar due to its international reputation:
By far the leading specie coin circulating in America was the Spanish silver dollar, defined as consisting of 387 grains of pure silver. The dollar w... | [] | [
"History",
"United States"
] | [
"1497 establishments in Spain",
"Modern obsolete currencies",
"Coins of Spain"
] |
projected-00309769-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20dollar | Spanish dollar | Asia | The Spanish dollar, also known as the piece of eight (, , , or ), is a silver coin of approximately diameter worth eight Spanish reales. It was minted in the Spanish Empire following a monetary reform in 1497 with content 25.563 g = 0.822 oz t fine silver. It was widely used as the first international currency becaus... | Long tied to the lore of piracy, "pieces of eight" were manufactured in the Spanish Americas and transported in bulk back to Spain, making them a very tempting target for seagoing pirates. In the Far East, it also arrived in the form of the Philippine peso in the Philippines as part of the Spanish East Indies of the Sp... | [
"1888 México 8 Reals Trade Coin Silver.jpg"
] | [
"History",
"Asia"
] | [
"1497 establishments in Spain",
"Modern obsolete currencies",
"Coins of Spain"
] |
projected-00309769-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20dollar | Spanish dollar | Fiction | The Spanish dollar, also known as the piece of eight (, , , or ), is a silver coin of approximately diameter worth eight Spanish reales. It was minted in the Spanish Empire following a monetary reform in 1497 with content 25.563 g = 0.822 oz t fine silver. It was widely used as the first international currency becaus... | In modern pop culture and fiction, pieces of eight are most often associated with the popular notion of pirates.
In Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island, Long John Silver's parrot had apparently been trained to cry out, "Pieces of eight!" This use tied the coin (and parrots) to fictional depictions of pirates. De... | [] | [
"Fiction"
] | [
"1497 establishments in Spain",
"Modern obsolete currencies",
"Coins of Spain"
] |
projected-00309769-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20dollar | Spanish dollar | See also | The Spanish dollar, also known as the piece of eight (, , , or ), is a silver coin of approximately diameter worth eight Spanish reales. It was minted in the Spanish Empire following a monetary reform in 1497 with content 25.563 g = 0.822 oz t fine silver. It was widely used as the first international currency becaus... | Doubloon
Columnarios
Holey dollar
Maria Theresa thaler
Piastre
Spanish escudo | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"1497 establishments in Spain",
"Modern obsolete currencies",
"Coins of Spain"
] |
projected-00309769-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20dollar | Spanish dollar | Further reading | The Spanish dollar, also known as the piece of eight (, , , or ), is a silver coin of approximately diameter worth eight Spanish reales. It was minted in the Spanish Empire following a monetary reform in 1497 with content 25.563 g = 0.822 oz t fine silver. It was widely used as the first international currency becaus... | Hockenhull, Thomas (ed.), Symbols of Power: Ten Coins That Changed the World (British Museum, 2015): The Dollar (pp. 130-145).
Gordon, Peter and Juan Jose Morales, The Silver Way: China, Spanish America and the Birth of Globalisation 1565-1815 (Penguin Special, 2017)
Ferdinand VII Holey Dollars | [] | [
"Further reading"
] | [
"1497 establishments in Spain",
"Modern obsolete currencies",
"Coins of Spain"
] |
projected-00309774-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Turkmenistan | Music of Turkmenistan | Introduction | The music of the nomadic and rural Turkmen people is closely related to Kyrgyz and Kazakh folk forms. Important musical traditions in Turkmen music include traveling singers and shamans called bakshy, who act as healers and magicians and sing either a cappella or with instruments such as the two-stringed lute called du... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Turkmenistan music",
"Turkic music"
] | |
projected-00309774-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Turkmenistan | Music of Turkmenistan | National anthem | The music of the nomadic and rural Turkmen people is closely related to Kyrgyz and Kazakh folk forms. Important musical traditions in Turkmen music include traveling singers and shamans called bakshy, who act as healers and magicians and sing either a cappella or with instruments such as the two-stringed lute called du... | As a Soviet Republic, Turkmenistan's national anthem was "Turkmenistan", composed by Veli Mukhatov with words by Aman Kekilov. In 1997 (well after independence), the anthem was changed to the "National anthem of Independent, Neutral, Turkmenistan", the music and lyrics of which were written by President-for-Life Saparm... | [] | [
"National anthem"
] | [
"Turkmenistan music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309774-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Turkmenistan | Music of Turkmenistan | Dutar | The music of the nomadic and rural Turkmen people is closely related to Kyrgyz and Kazakh folk forms. Important musical traditions in Turkmen music include traveling singers and shamans called bakshy, who act as healers and magicians and sing either a cappella or with instruments such as the two-stringed lute called du... | The dutar is the most representative instrument of Turkmen folk music. It is used in many styles, ranging from the mukamlar and saltıklar to the kirklar and navoi. These are performed by professional musicians called sazanda. | [] | [
"Dutar"
] | [
"Turkmenistan music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309774-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Turkmenistan | Music of Turkmenistan | Tuiduk | The music of the nomadic and rural Turkmen people is closely related to Kyrgyz and Kazakh folk forms. Important musical traditions in Turkmen music include traveling singers and shamans called bakshy, who act as healers and magicians and sing either a cappella or with instruments such as the two-stringed lute called du... | Tuiduk is a wind instrument (similar to Zurna). Turkmen say that Adam who was moulded from clay had no soul. It was only due to the melodious tuiduk playing Archangel Gabriel could breathe life into him. According to a Turkmen legend the main role in tuiduk invention was played by the devil. There is a ritual of inviti... | [] | [
"Tuiduk"
] | [
"Turkmenistan music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309774-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Turkmenistan | Music of Turkmenistan | Dili tuiduk | The music of the nomadic and rural Turkmen people is closely related to Kyrgyz and Kazakh folk forms. Important musical traditions in Turkmen music include traveling singers and shamans called bakshy, who act as healers and magicians and sing either a cappella or with instruments such as the two-stringed lute called du... | The Dili tuiduk is a Turkmen woodwind instrument. It is a clarinet-like, single-reed instrument used mainly in Turkmen folk music.
The instrument's range is greater than its six finger holes would suggest, the upper registers being attained by breath control.
Dili tuiduk of the Turkmen can be carved in a couple of mi... | [] | [
"Dili tuiduk"
] | [
"Turkmenistan music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309774-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Turkmenistan | Music of Turkmenistan | Gargy tuiduk | The music of the nomadic and rural Turkmen people is closely related to Kyrgyz and Kazakh folk forms. Important musical traditions in Turkmen music include traveling singers and shamans called bakshy, who act as healers and magicians and sing either a cappella or with instruments such as the two-stringed lute called du... | Gargy-tuyduk this is a long reed flute whose origin, according to legend, is connected with Alexander of Macedonia, and a similar instrument existed in ancient Egypt. Gargy means in the Turkmen language "reed". | [] | [
"Gargy tuiduk"
] | [
"Turkmenistan music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309774-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Turkmenistan | Music of Turkmenistan | Bakshy | The music of the nomadic and rural Turkmen people is closely related to Kyrgyz and Kazakh folk forms. Important musical traditions in Turkmen music include traveling singers and shamans called bakshy, who act as healers and magicians and sing either a cappella or with instruments such as the two-stringed lute called du... | Bakshy were formerly the most important musicians in Turkmen society, along with tuidukists. They played the dutar to celebrate weddings, births, and other events. | [] | [
"Bakshy"
] | [
"Turkmenistan music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309774-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Turkmenistan | Music of Turkmenistan | Mugam | The music of the nomadic and rural Turkmen people is closely related to Kyrgyz and Kazakh folk forms. Important musical traditions in Turkmen music include traveling singers and shamans called bakshy, who act as healers and magicians and sing either a cappella or with instruments such as the two-stringed lute called du... | Mugam is a pan-Central Asian style of classical music, performed in Turkmenistan by a dutarist and gidjakist, or by an ensemble of just dutarists . | [] | [
"Mugam"
] | [
"Turkmenistan music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309774-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Turkmenistan | Music of Turkmenistan | References | The music of the nomadic and rural Turkmen people is closely related to Kyrgyz and Kazakh folk forms. Important musical traditions in Turkmen music include traveling singers and shamans called bakshy, who act as healers and magicians and sing either a cappella or with instruments such as the two-stringed lute called du... | Broughton, Simon and Sultanova, Razia. "Bards of the Golden Road". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific, pp 24–31. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Turkmenistan music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309775-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Kyrgyzstan | Music of Kyrgyzstan | Introduction | Kyrgyz music is nomadic and rural, and is closely related to Turkmen and Kazakh folk forms. Kyrgyz folk music is characterized by the use of long, sustained pitches, with Russian elements also prominent. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Kyrgyzstani music",
"Turkic music"
] | |
projected-00309775-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Kyrgyzstan | Music of Kyrgyzstan | Traditional music | Kyrgyz music is nomadic and rural, and is closely related to Turkmen and Kazakh folk forms. Kyrgyz folk music is characterized by the use of long, sustained pitches, with Russian elements also prominent. | Travelling musicians and shamans called manaschi are popular for their singing and komuz-playing. Their music is typically heroic epics, such as the most famous story, the Manas epic (20 times longer than Homer's Odyssey), which is the patriotic tale of a warrior named Manas, and his descendants, who fight with the Chi... | [] | [
"Traditional music"
] | [
"Kyrgyzstani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309775-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Kyrgyzstan | Music of Kyrgyzstan | Performers | Kyrgyz music is nomadic and rural, and is closely related to Turkmen and Kazakh folk forms. Kyrgyz folk music is characterized by the use of long, sustained pitches, with Russian elements also prominent. | Modern interpreters of Kyrgyz traditional music include the Kambarkan national folk ensemble.
Salamat Sadikova is a popular traditional Kyrgyz singer with a strong voice, who is capable of holding notes for a remarkably long duration. Her repertoire includes contemporary folk-style compositions as well as folk songs.
... | [
"Kyrgyz Musicians in Karakol.jpg"
] | [
"Traditional music",
"Performers"
] | [
"Kyrgyzstani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309775-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Kyrgyzstan | Music of Kyrgyzstan | Contemporary music | Kyrgyz music is nomadic and rural, and is closely related to Turkmen and Kazakh folk forms. Kyrgyz folk music is characterized by the use of long, sustained pitches, with Russian elements also prominent. | Rock and metal music is popular in Kyrgyzstan. Darkestrah is a well-known metal band from Bishkek, now based in Germany. Their music combines traditional Kyrgyz folk music with black metal. There is also a new pop genre called Z-Pop which influenced mainly by K-Pop and western pop music. | [] | [
"Contemporary music"
] | [
"Kyrgyzstani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309776-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Kazakhstan | Music of Kazakhstan | Introduction | Music of Kazakhstan refers to a wide range of musical styles and genres deriving from Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is home to the Kazakh State Kurmangazy Orchestra of Folk Instruments, the Kazakh State Philharmonic Orchestra, the Kazakh National Opera and the Kazakh State Chamber Orchestra. The folk instrument orchestra was ... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Kazakhstani music",
"Turkic music"
] | |
projected-00309776-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Kazakhstan | Music of Kazakhstan | Traditional music | Music of Kazakhstan refers to a wide range of musical styles and genres deriving from Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is home to the Kazakh State Kurmangazy Orchestra of Folk Instruments, the Kazakh State Philharmonic Orchestra, the Kazakh National Opera and the Kazakh State Chamber Orchestra. The folk instrument orchestra was ... | Traditional music in Kazakhstan often refers to music of the following genres:
Instrumental music, with the pieces ("Küy") being performed by soloists. Text is often seen in the background (or "program") for the music, as a lot of Küy titles refer to stories.
Vocal music, either as part of a ceremony such as a weddi... | [] | [
"Traditional music"
] | [
"Kazakhstani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309776-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Kazakhstan | Music of Kazakhstan | Traditional musical instruments | Music of Kazakhstan refers to a wide range of musical styles and genres deriving from Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is home to the Kazakh State Kurmangazy Orchestra of Folk Instruments, the Kazakh State Philharmonic Orchestra, the Kazakh National Opera and the Kazakh State Chamber Orchestra. The folk instrument orchestra was ... | The most popular traditional instruments are string instruments. First of them is the dombra (домбыра), the most popular and the oldest Kazakh music instrument. Some argue that nomads have used similar two-string instruments more than two thousand years ago. The dombra is a long-necked lute with two strings tuned in t... | [
"The Soviet Union 1990 CPA 6247 stamp (Kazakh sybyzgy, dombra, kobyz and dauylpaz).jpg"
] | [
"Traditional music",
"Traditional musical instruments"
] | [
"Kazakhstani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309776-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Kazakhstan | Music of Kazakhstan | Russian and Soviet-era music | Music of Kazakhstan refers to a wide range of musical styles and genres deriving from Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is home to the Kazakh State Kurmangazy Orchestra of Folk Instruments, the Kazakh State Philharmonic Orchestra, the Kazakh National Opera and the Kazakh State Chamber Orchestra. The folk instrument orchestra was ... | The Russian influence on the music life in Kazakhstan can be seen in two spheres:
First, the introduction of musical academic institutions such as concert houses with opera stages, conservatories (where European music was performed and taught).
Second, by trying to incorporate Kazakh traditional music into these acad... | [
"Dombra.png"
] | [
"Russian and Soviet-era music"
] | [
"Kazakhstani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309776-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Kazakhstan | Music of Kazakhstan | Musical institutions | Music of Kazakhstan refers to a wide range of musical styles and genres deriving from Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is home to the Kazakh State Kurmangazy Orchestra of Folk Instruments, the Kazakh State Philharmonic Orchestra, the Kazakh National Opera and the Kazakh State Chamber Orchestra. The folk instrument orchestra was ... | The Musical-Dramatic Training College, founded in 1931, was the first institute of higher education for music in Kazakhstan. Two years later, the Orchestra of Kazakh Folk Musical Instruments was formed The Foundation Asyl Mura is archives and publishes historical recordings of Kazakh music both traditional and classica... | [] | [
"Musical institutions"
] | [
"Kazakhstani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309776-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Kazakhstan | Music of Kazakhstan | Kazakh hip hop | Music of Kazakhstan refers to a wide range of musical styles and genres deriving from Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is home to the Kazakh State Kurmangazy Orchestra of Folk Instruments, the Kazakh State Philharmonic Orchestra, the Kazakh National Opera and the Kazakh State Chamber Orchestra. The folk instrument orchestra was ... | The Kazakh hip hop and rap scene started to emerge in the country after the Dissolution of the Soviet Union. Hip-hop easily flourished in Kazakhstan due to the use of Russian in its songs, which makes it easier for Kazakh rappers to achieve popularity in other Russian-speaking countries. Kazakh groups such as Tristar b... | [] | [
"Contemporary genres",
"Kazakh hip hop"
] | [
"Kazakhstani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309776-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Kazakhstan | Music of Kazakhstan | Rap culture | Music of Kazakhstan refers to a wide range of musical styles and genres deriving from Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is home to the Kazakh State Kurmangazy Orchestra of Folk Instruments, the Kazakh State Philharmonic Orchestra, the Kazakh National Opera and the Kazakh State Chamber Orchestra. The folk instrument orchestra was ... | In 1995-1999, the Rap Zone group appeared on the music scene, which was the first among many to instill the love of young people for domestic rap music. The band members recorded their albums on cassettes.
Especially breakthrough was their track "Noise-boom-boom-Coup", which became the anthem of young people, and RAP ... | [] | [
"Contemporary genres",
"Kazakh hip hop",
"Rap culture"
] | [
"Kazakhstani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309776-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Kazakhstan | Music of Kazakhstan | R'n'b | Music of Kazakhstan refers to a wide range of musical styles and genres deriving from Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is home to the Kazakh State Kurmangazy Orchestra of Folk Instruments, the Kazakh State Philharmonic Orchestra, the Kazakh National Opera and the Kazakh State Chamber Orchestra. The folk instrument orchestra was ... | In addition to traditional pop music, hip-hop and r'n'b developed rapidly in Kazakhstan, which found a response in the work of such groups as Ghetto Dogs, Metis's, Not Everything Is Said and the group 101 led by Ivan Breusov.
Later on in the 2010s, Kazakh hip-hop would influence the development of the Q-pop music genr... | [] | [
"Contemporary genres",
"Kazakh hip hop",
"R'n'b"
] | [
"Kazakhstani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309776-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Kazakhstan | Music of Kazakhstan | Kazakh rock | Music of Kazakhstan refers to a wide range of musical styles and genres deriving from Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is home to the Kazakh State Kurmangazy Orchestra of Folk Instruments, the Kazakh State Philharmonic Orchestra, the Kazakh National Opera and the Kazakh State Chamber Orchestra. The folk instrument orchestra was ... | Kazakh rock is a form of rock music in Kazakhstan, with lyrics written and performed both in Kazakh and Russian. Rock music has been popular in Kazakhstan, especially in Karaganda Region, since the 1960s, when it was popularized by The Beatles. During the Soviet era, Kazakhstan was exposed to both American and Russian ... | [] | [
"Kazakh rock"
] | [
"Kazakhstani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309776-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Kazakhstan | Music of Kazakhstan | Q-pop | Music of Kazakhstan refers to a wide range of musical styles and genres deriving from Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is home to the Kazakh State Kurmangazy Orchestra of Folk Instruments, the Kazakh State Philharmonic Orchestra, the Kazakh National Opera and the Kazakh State Chamber Orchestra. The folk instrument orchestra was ... | Q-pop or Qazaq pop is a comparatively new musical genre of Kazakhstan. The term was first coined in 2015. Q-pop originates from K-Pop, hip-hop, Western pop and J-Pop respectively. Kazakhstani entertainment company Juz Entertainment has been credited as the pioneer of the genre, with its boy group Ninety One debuting in... | [] | [
"Q-pop"
] | [
"Kazakhstani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309776-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Kazakhstan | Music of Kazakhstan | Toi | Music of Kazakhstan refers to a wide range of musical styles and genres deriving from Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan is home to the Kazakh State Kurmangazy Orchestra of Folk Instruments, the Kazakh State Philharmonic Orchestra, the Kazakh National Opera and the Kazakh State Chamber Orchestra. The folk instrument orchestra was ... | Toi (Той; literally means public gathering) refers to easy-listening folk music with catchy rhythm, usually performed in weddings and festives. This genre is also popular in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan. Well-known Kazakh toi singers are Qairat Nurtas, Abdijappar Alqoja, Madina Saduakasova and Jazira Baiyrbe... | [] | [
"Toi"
] | [
"Kazakhstani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309777-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tajikistan | Music of Tajikistan | Introduction | Tajik music is closely related to other Central Asian forms of music. The classical music is shashmaqam, which is also distinctive in Uzbekistan. Southern Tajikistan has a distinctive form of folk music called falak, which is played at celebrations for weddings, circumcisions and other occasions. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Tajikistani music"
] | |
projected-00309777-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tajikistan | Music of Tajikistan | Tajik folk music | Tajik music is closely related to other Central Asian forms of music. The classical music is shashmaqam, which is also distinctive in Uzbekistan. Southern Tajikistan has a distinctive form of folk music called falak, which is played at celebrations for weddings, circumcisions and other occasions. | Tajik folk music is traditionally divided into three styles, Pamir (Mountain-Badakhshan province), Central Kuhistoni (Hisor, Kulob, Gharm provinces) and Sogdiana's northern style; the latter is part of the same musical culture as the adjacent regions of Uzbekistan (Kashkadarya Province and Surkhandarya Province). Ther... | [] | [
"Tajik folk music"
] | [
"Tajikistani music"
] |
projected-00309777-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tajikistan | Music of Tajikistan | Gharibi | Tajik music is closely related to other Central Asian forms of music. The classical music is shashmaqam, which is also distinctive in Uzbekistan. Southern Tajikistan has a distinctive form of folk music called falak, which is played at celebrations for weddings, circumcisions and other occasions. | Gharibi is the song of a stranger, an early 20th-century innovation of poor farm laborers and other workers who had to leave their land. | [] | [
"Tajik folk music",
"Gharibi"
] | [
"Tajikistani music"
] |
projected-00309777-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tajikistan | Music of Tajikistan | Holiday music | Tajik music is closely related to other Central Asian forms of music. The classical music is shashmaqam, which is also distinctive in Uzbekistan. Southern Tajikistan has a distinctive form of folk music called falak, which is played at celebrations for weddings, circumcisions and other occasions. | Gulgardoni is a springtime holiday (also called Boychechak) which includes carolling celebratory songs accompanied by the dutar and doira.
Sayri Guli Lola is the holiday of tulips, which includes accompanied choral and dance music. The most important song of this holiday is called "Naqshi Kalon".
The birth of a chil... | [] | [
"Tajik folk music",
"Holiday music"
] | [
"Tajikistani music"
] |
projected-00309777-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tajikistan | Music of Tajikistan | Badakhshan | Tajik music is closely related to other Central Asian forms of music. The classical music is shashmaqam, which is also distinctive in Uzbekistan. Southern Tajikistan has a distinctive form of folk music called falak, which is played at celebrations for weddings, circumcisions and other occasions. | Badakhshan is a region inhabited by Tajik Ismailis, known for their sung spiritual poetry called madah. Lutes are a major part of Ismaili folk music. | [] | [
"Tajik folk music",
"Badakhshan"
] | [
"Tajikistani music"
] |
projected-00309777-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tajikistan | Music of Tajikistan | See also | Tajik music is closely related to other Central Asian forms of music. The classical music is shashmaqam, which is also distinctive in Uzbekistan. Southern Tajikistan has a distinctive form of folk music called falak, which is played at celebrations for weddings, circumcisions and other occasions. | List of Tajik musicians
List of Tajik singers
Persian pop music | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Tajikistani music"
] |
projected-00309777-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Tajikistan | Music of Tajikistan | Bibliography | Tajik music is closely related to other Central Asian forms of music. The classical music is shashmaqam, which is also distinctive in Uzbekistan. Southern Tajikistan has a distinctive form of folk music called falak, which is played at celebrations for weddings, circumcisions and other occasions. | Broughton, Simon and Sultanova, Razia. "Bards of the Golden Road". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific, pp 24-31. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. | [] | [
"Bibliography"
] | [
"Tajikistani music"
] |
projected-00309778-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Azerbaijan | Music of Azerbaijan | Introduction | Azerbaijani music (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan musiqisi) is the musical tradition of the Azerbaijani people from Azerbaijan Republic. It builds on folk traditions that reach back nearly 100 years. Azerbaijani music has evolved under the badge of monody, producing rhythmically diverse melodies. Music from Azerbaijan has a b... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Azerbaijani music",
"Turkic music"
] | |
projected-00309778-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Azerbaijan | Music of Azerbaijan | Classical music | Azerbaijani music (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan musiqisi) is the musical tradition of the Azerbaijani people from Azerbaijan Republic. It builds on folk traditions that reach back nearly 100 years. Azerbaijani music has evolved under the badge of monody, producing rhythmically diverse melodies. Music from Azerbaijan has a b... | In 1920, Azerbaijani classical music had undergone a renaissance and Baku Academy of Music was founded to give classical musicians the same support as folk musicians. Modern day advocates of Western classical music in Azerbaijani include Farhad Badalbeyli, Fidan Gasimova and Franghiz Alizadeh. | [] | [
"Classical music"
] | [
"Azerbaijani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309778-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Azerbaijan | Music of Azerbaijan | Opera and Ballet | Azerbaijani music (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan musiqisi) is the musical tradition of the Azerbaijani people from Azerbaijan Republic. It builds on folk traditions that reach back nearly 100 years. Azerbaijani music has evolved under the badge of monody, producing rhythmically diverse melodies. Music from Azerbaijan has a b... | The emergence of opera and ballet in Azerbaijan is associated with the Imperial Russian and Soviet era of Azerbaijani history when Azerbaijani musicians became exposed to European music traditions first-hand. The very first documented performance of an opera in Baku took place in May 1889 when Alexey Verstovsky's opera... | [] | [
"Classical music",
"Opera and Ballet"
] | [
"Azerbaijani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309778-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Azerbaijan | Music of Azerbaijan | Folk music | Azerbaijani music (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan musiqisi) is the musical tradition of the Azerbaijani people from Azerbaijan Republic. It builds on folk traditions that reach back nearly 100 years. Azerbaijani music has evolved under the badge of monody, producing rhythmically diverse melodies. Music from Azerbaijan has a b... | Most songs recount stories of real-life events and Azerbaijani folklore, or have developed through song contests between troubadour poets. Corresponding to their origins, folk songs are usually played at weddings, funerals, and special festivals.
Regional folk music generally accompanies folk dances, which vary signif... | [] | [
"Folk music"
] | [
"Azerbaijani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309778-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Azerbaijan | Music of Azerbaijan | Folk instruments | Azerbaijani music (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan musiqisi) is the musical tradition of the Azerbaijani people from Azerbaijan Republic. It builds on folk traditions that reach back nearly 100 years. Azerbaijani music has evolved under the badge of monody, producing rhythmically diverse melodies. Music from Azerbaijan has a b... | Instruments used in traditional Azerbaijani music include the stringed instruments tar (skin faced lute), the kamancha (skin faced spike fiddle), the oud, originally barbat, and the saz (long necked lute); the double-reed wind instrument balaban, the frame drum ghaval, the cylindrical double faced drum nagara (davul), ... | [
"Balaban Azerbaijani.JPG"
] | [
"Folk music",
"Folk instruments"
] | [
"Azerbaijani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309778-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Azerbaijan | Music of Azerbaijan | Ashiqs | Azerbaijani music (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan musiqisi) is the musical tradition of the Azerbaijani people from Azerbaijan Republic. It builds on folk traditions that reach back nearly 100 years. Azerbaijani music has evolved under the badge of monody, producing rhythmically diverse melodies. Music from Azerbaijan has a b... | Ashiqs are traveling bards who sing and play the saz, a form of lute. Their songs are semi-improvised around a common base. This art is one of the symbols of Azerbaijani culture and considered an emblem of national identity and the guardian of Azerbaijani language, literature and music.
Characterized by the accompanim... | [] | [
"Folk music",
"Ashiqs"
] | [
"Azerbaijani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309778-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Azerbaijan | Music of Azerbaijan | Meykhana | Azerbaijani music (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan musiqisi) is the musical tradition of the Azerbaijani people from Azerbaijan Republic. It builds on folk traditions that reach back nearly 100 years. Azerbaijani music has evolved under the badge of monody, producing rhythmically diverse melodies. Music from Azerbaijan has a b... | Meykhana is a distinctive Azerbaijani literary and folk rap tradition, consisting of an unaccompanied song performed by one or more people improvising on a particular subject. Meykhana is distinct from spoken word poetry in that it is performed in time to a beat.
Meykhana is often compared to hip hop music, also known... | [] | [
"Folk music",
"Meykhana"
] | [
"Azerbaijani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309778-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Azerbaijan | Music of Azerbaijan | Mugham | Azerbaijani music (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan musiqisi) is the musical tradition of the Azerbaijani people from Azerbaijan Republic. It builds on folk traditions that reach back nearly 100 years. Azerbaijani music has evolved under the badge of monody, producing rhythmically diverse melodies. Music from Azerbaijan has a b... | Mugham is one of the many folk musical compositions from Azerbaijan, contrast with Tasnif, Ashugs. Mugam draws on Arabic maqam.
It is a highly complex art form that weds classical poetry and musical improvisation in specific local modes. Mugham is a modal system. Unlike Western modes, "mugham" modes are associated not... | [] | [
"Folk music",
"Mugham"
] | [
"Azerbaijani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309778-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Azerbaijan | Music of Azerbaijan | Popular music | Azerbaijani music (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan musiqisi) is the musical tradition of the Azerbaijani people from Azerbaijan Republic. It builds on folk traditions that reach back nearly 100 years. Azerbaijani music has evolved under the badge of monody, producing rhythmically diverse melodies. Music from Azerbaijan has a b... | Popular music is distinguished from the traditional genres as those styles that entered the Azerbaijani musicality after the fall of the Soviet Union, either due to attempts of national modernization from 1918 onwards, the opening of the republic to Western musical influences or modern fusions and innovations from arti... | [] | [
"Popular music"
] | [
"Azerbaijani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309778-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Azerbaijan | Music of Azerbaijan | Mainstream pop | Azerbaijani music (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan musiqisi) is the musical tradition of the Azerbaijani people from Azerbaijan Republic. It builds on folk traditions that reach back nearly 100 years. Azerbaijani music has evolved under the badge of monody, producing rhythmically diverse melodies. Music from Azerbaijan has a b... | Azerbaijani pop music had its humble beginnings in the late 1950s with Azerbaijani cover versions of a wide range of imported popular styles, including rock and roll, tango, and jazz. As more styles emerged, they were also adopted, such as hip hop, heavy metal, and reggae.
Azerbaijani pop music reached new level after... | [
"Nigar Camal 2012.jpg"
] | [
"Popular music",
"Mainstream pop"
] | [
"Azerbaijani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309778-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Azerbaijan | Music of Azerbaijan | Azerbaijani jazz | Azerbaijani music (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan musiqisi) is the musical tradition of the Azerbaijani people from Azerbaijan Republic. It builds on folk traditions that reach back nearly 100 years. Azerbaijani music has evolved under the badge of monody, producing rhythmically diverse melodies. Music from Azerbaijan has a b... | The Azerbaijani jazz is a popular variety of jazz, widespread in Azerbaijan. It covers a broad range of styles (traditional, post-bop, fusion, free flexion) and often features a blend with traditional Azerbaijani music. Among modern famed Azeri jazz musicians are Aziza Mustafazadeh, who was influenced by Bill Evans and... | [] | [
"Popular music",
"Azerbaijani jazz"
] | [
"Azerbaijani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309778-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Azerbaijan | Music of Azerbaijan | Azerbaijani hip hop | Azerbaijani music (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan musiqisi) is the musical tradition of the Azerbaijani people from Azerbaijan Republic. It builds on folk traditions that reach back nearly 100 years. Azerbaijani music has evolved under the badge of monody, producing rhythmically diverse melodies. Music from Azerbaijan has a b... | The first Azerbaijani hip-hop song "Yesterday is Past", created in 1983 by Chingiz Mustafayev, who would later become Azerbaijan's national hero for unrelated reasons.
The pioneer of Azerbaijani rap often associated with name of Anar Nagilbaz in 1992, which also included elements of disco but the popularity of the rap ... | [] | [
"Popular music",
"Azerbaijani hip hop"
] | [
"Azerbaijani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309778-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Azerbaijan | Music of Azerbaijan | Azerbaijani rock | Azerbaijani music (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan musiqisi) is the musical tradition of the Azerbaijani people from Azerbaijan Republic. It builds on folk traditions that reach back nearly 100 years. Azerbaijani music has evolved under the badge of monody, producing rhythmically diverse melodies. Music from Azerbaijan has a b... | The Azerbaijani rock scene began in the mid-to-late 1960s when popular United States and United Kingdom bands became well-known. Soon, a distinctively Azerbaijani fusion of rock and folk emerged; this was called Azerbaijani rock, a term which nowadays may be generically ascribed to most of the Azerbaijani rock. Coldüny... | [] | [
"Popular music",
"Azerbaijani rock"
] | [
"Azerbaijani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309778-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Azerbaijan | Music of Azerbaijan | Electronic dance music | Azerbaijani music (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan musiqisi) is the musical tradition of the Azerbaijani people from Azerbaijan Republic. It builds on folk traditions that reach back nearly 100 years. Azerbaijani music has evolved under the badge of monody, producing rhythmically diverse melodies. Music from Azerbaijan has a b... | There are many clubs across Azerbaijan, especially across its Baku region. The alternative music scene however is derived mostly from Baku's club scene that sees DJs merging the past with the present, utilising traditional motifs with new age sounds and electronic music. | [] | [
"Popular music",
"Electronic dance music"
] | [
"Azerbaijani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309778-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Azerbaijan | Music of Azerbaijan | See also | Azerbaijani music (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan musiqisi) is the musical tradition of the Azerbaijani people from Azerbaijan Republic. It builds on folk traditions that reach back nearly 100 years. Azerbaijani music has evolved under the badge of monody, producing rhythmically diverse melodies. Music from Azerbaijan has a b... | List of Azerbaijani musicians
Azerbaijani hip hop
Azerbaijani rock
Innaby
Şən Azərbaycan
Mugham triads | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Azerbaijani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309779-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Uzbekistan | Music of Uzbekistan | Introduction | The music of Uzbekistan has reflected the diverse influences that have shaped the country. It is very similar to the music of the Middle East and is characterized by complicated rhythms and meters. Because of the long history of music in the country and the large variety of music styles and musical instruments, Uzbekis... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Uzbekistani music",
"Turkic music"
] | |
projected-00309779-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Uzbekistan | Music of Uzbekistan | Classical music of Uzbekistan | The music of Uzbekistan has reflected the diverse influences that have shaped the country. It is very similar to the music of the Middle East and is characterized by complicated rhythms and meters. Because of the long history of music in the country and the large variety of music styles and musical instruments, Uzbekis... | The music of what is now Uzbekistan has a very long and rich history. Shashmaqam, a Central Asian classical music style, is believed to have arisen in the cities of Bukhara and Samarqand in the late 16th century. The term "shashmaqam" translates as six maqams and refers to the structure of music with six sections in di... | [] | [
"Classical music of Uzbekistan"
] | [
"Uzbekistani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309779-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Uzbekistan | Music of Uzbekistan | Western Classical music in Uzbekistan | The music of Uzbekistan has reflected the diverse influences that have shaped the country. It is very similar to the music of the Middle East and is characterized by complicated rhythms and meters. Because of the long history of music in the country and the large variety of music styles and musical instruments, Uzbekis... | Uzbekistan has also produced many notable composers and performers in the European classical art music idiom, and is home to notable symphony orchestras, festivals, and contemporary music ensembles. The State Conservatory of Uzbekistan, based in Tashkent and founded in 1936, is the nation's leading higher education ins... | [] | [
"Western Classical music in Uzbekistan"
] | [
"Uzbekistani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309779-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Uzbekistan | Music of Uzbekistan | Contemporary music of Uzbekistan | The music of Uzbekistan has reflected the diverse influences that have shaped the country. It is very similar to the music of the Middle East and is characterized by complicated rhythms and meters. Because of the long history of music in the country and the large variety of music styles and musical instruments, Uzbekis... | Many forms of popular music, including folk music, pop, and rock music, have particularly flourished in Uzbekistan since the early 1990s. Uzbek pop music is well developed, and enjoys mainstream success via pop music media and various radio stations.
Many Uzbek singers such as Sevara Nazarkhan and Sogdiana Fedorinskay... | [] | [
"Contemporary music of Uzbekistan"
] | [
"Uzbekistani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309779-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Uzbekistan | Music of Uzbekistan | Rock | The music of Uzbekistan has reflected the diverse influences that have shaped the country. It is very similar to the music of the Middle East and is characterized by complicated rhythms and meters. Because of the long history of music in the country and the large variety of music styles and musical instruments, Uzbekis... | Currently rock music enjoys less popularity than pop music in Uzbekistan.
An Uzbekistani metal band who has some degree of recognition is Night Wind, a folk metal group. Other Uzbekistani metal groups include Iced Warm, Salupa, Zindan, and Agoniya (). | [
"All Tomorrow's Parties at IlkhomRockFest, June 22, 2013..jpg"
] | [
"Contemporary music of Uzbekistan",
"Rock"
] | [
"Uzbekistani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309779-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Uzbekistan | Music of Uzbekistan | Rap | The music of Uzbekistan has reflected the diverse influences that have shaped the country. It is very similar to the music of the Middle East and is characterized by complicated rhythms and meters. Because of the long history of music in the country and the large variety of music styles and musical instruments, Uzbekis... | Rap music has become popular among Uzbek youth. Rappers such as Shoxrux became very popular among young people in the 2000s. However, the Uzbek government censors rap music. It has set up a special body to censor rap music because it believes this type of music does not fit the Uzbek musical culture. | [] | [
"Contemporary music of Uzbekistan",
"Rap"
] | [
"Uzbekistani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309779-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Uzbekistan | Music of Uzbekistan | Musicians | The music of Uzbekistan has reflected the diverse influences that have shaped the country. It is very similar to the music of the Middle East and is characterized by complicated rhythms and meters. Because of the long history of music in the country and the large variety of music styles and musical instruments, Uzbekis... | Ari Babakhanov
Lola Astanova | [] | [
"Musicians"
] | [
"Uzbekistani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309779-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Uzbekistan | Music of Uzbekistan | Uzbek artists | The music of Uzbekistan has reflected the diverse influences that have shaped the country. It is very similar to the music of the Middle East and is characterized by complicated rhythms and meters. Because of the long history of music in the country and the large variety of music styles and musical instruments, Uzbekis... | Alisher Uzoqov
Anvar Gʻ
Botir Zokirov
Eson Kandov
Daler Xonzoda
Feruza Jumaniyozova
Lola Yoʻldosheva
Rayhon
Sevara Nazarkhan
Yulduz Turdiyeva | [
"Lola Yuldasheva (23.03.2012).jpg",
"Daler Xonzoda.JPG",
"Rayhon Gʻaniyeva in 2012.jpg"
] | [
"Artists and bands",
"Uzbek artists"
] | [
"Uzbekistani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309779-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Uzbekistan | Music of Uzbekistan | Uzbek bands | The music of Uzbekistan has reflected the diverse influences that have shaped the country. It is very similar to the music of the Middle East and is characterized by complicated rhythms and meters. Because of the long history of music in the country and the large variety of music styles and musical instruments, Uzbekis... | Bolalar
Dado
Night Wind
Yalla | [] | [
"Artists and bands",
"Uzbek bands"
] | [
"Uzbekistani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309779-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Uzbekistan | Music of Uzbekistan | Composers in the western classical tradition | The music of Uzbekistan has reflected the diverse influences that have shaped the country. It is very similar to the music of the Middle East and is characterized by complicated rhythms and meters. Because of the long history of music in the country and the large variety of music styles and musical instruments, Uzbekis... | Dilorom Saidaminova
Dmitri Yanov-Yanovsky
Felix Yanov-Yanovsky
Mirsodiq Tojiyev
Mutavakkil Burhonov
Polina Medyulyanova | [] | [
"Composers in the western classical tradition"
] | [
"Uzbekistani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309779-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Uzbekistan | Music of Uzbekistan | Instruments | The music of Uzbekistan has reflected the diverse influences that have shaped the country. It is very similar to the music of the Middle East and is characterized by complicated rhythms and meters. Because of the long history of music in the country and the large variety of music styles and musical instruments, Uzbekis... | Many musical instruments are played in Uzbekistan. Traditional instruments include: | [
"1989 CPA 6116.jpg"
] | [
"Instruments"
] | [
"Uzbekistani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309779-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Uzbekistan | Music of Uzbekistan | String | The music of Uzbekistan has reflected the diverse influences that have shaped the country. It is very similar to the music of the Middle East and is characterized by complicated rhythms and meters. Because of the long history of music in the country and the large variety of music styles and musical instruments, Uzbekis... | Dutor (long-necked fretted lute)
Rubob (long-necked fretted lute)
Tanbur (long-necked fretted lute)
Tor (long-necked fretted lute)
Ud (long-necked fretted lute)
Gʻijjak (spike fiddle)
Chang (struck zither) | [] | [
"Instruments",
"String"
] | [
"Uzbekistani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309779-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Uzbekistan | Music of Uzbekistan | Wind | The music of Uzbekistan has reflected the diverse influences that have shaped the country. It is very similar to the music of the Middle East and is characterized by complicated rhythms and meters. Because of the long history of music in the country and the large variety of music styles and musical instruments, Uzbekis... | Karnay (long trumpet)
Nay (side-blown flute)
Qoʻshnay (clarinetlike instrument made from reed)
Surnay (loud oboe) | [] | [
"Instruments",
"Wind"
] | [
"Uzbekistani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309779-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20of%20Uzbekistan | Music of Uzbekistan | Percussion | The music of Uzbekistan has reflected the diverse influences that have shaped the country. It is very similar to the music of the Middle East and is characterized by complicated rhythms and meters. Because of the long history of music in the country and the large variety of music styles and musical instruments, Uzbekis... | Doira (frame drum)
Dovul (drum)
Nogʻora (pot-shaped drum covered with leather on the top)
Qoshiq (spoons)
Zang (bracelets) | [] | [
"Instruments",
"Percussion"
] | [
"Uzbekistani music",
"Turkic music"
] |
projected-00309785-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | Introduction | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"NJ Transit",
"Intermodal transportation authorities in New Jersey",
"Passenger rail transportation in New Jersey",
"Bus transportation in New Jersey",
"Government agencies established in 1979",
"Organizations based in Newark, New Jersey",
"1979 establishments in New Jersey"
] | |
projected-00309785-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | History | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | NJT was founded on July 17, 1979, an offspring of the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT), mandated by the state government to address many then-pressing transportation problems. It came into being with the passage of the Public Transportation Act of 1979 to "acquire, operate, and contract for transportatio... | [
"South Amboy Station 1981.jpg"
] | [
"History"
] | [
"NJ Transit",
"Intermodal transportation authorities in New Jersey",
"Passenger rail transportation in New Jersey",
"Bus transportation in New Jersey",
"Government agencies established in 1979",
"Organizations based in Newark, New Jersey",
"1979 establishments in New Jersey"
] |
projected-00309785-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | Governance | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | The Governor of New Jersey appoints a seven-member Board of Directors, four members from the general public and three State officials. The Governor has veto power on decisions made by the board. | [] | [
"Governance"
] | [
"NJ Transit",
"Intermodal transportation authorities in New Jersey",
"Passenger rail transportation in New Jersey",
"Bus transportation in New Jersey",
"Government agencies established in 1979",
"Organizations based in Newark, New Jersey",
"1979 establishments in New Jersey"
] |
projected-00309785-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | Current operations | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | NJT's operations are divided into three classes: bus, rail, and light rail, operated by three legal businesses: NJ Transit Bus Operations, Inc, for buses and Newark Light Rail, subsidiary NJ Transit Mercer, Inc. for buses around Trenton, and NJ Transit Rail Operations, Inc., for commuter rail. | [
"NJ Transit HQ Newark.jpg"
] | [
"Current operations"
] | [
"NJ Transit",
"Intermodal transportation authorities in New Jersey",
"Passenger rail transportation in New Jersey",
"Bus transportation in New Jersey",
"Government agencies established in 1979",
"Organizations based in Newark, New Jersey",
"1979 establishments in New Jersey"
] |