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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
projected-00309785-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | Bus | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | NJT operates 253 bus routes using 2,221 buses (leasing out the remainder to private operators) and the Newark Light Rail with 20 light rail vehicles (with numerous other line runs being subsidized by NJT). The bus fleet includes buses purchased for other New Jersey operators above the 2,221. | [] | [
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projected-00309785-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | Light rail | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | NJT operates three light rail systems:
Hudson–Bergen Light Rail – a 24-stop multi-branch line along the Gold Coast from Bayonne to North Bergen, with a major stop at Hoboken Terminal, all in Hudson County. The fleet consists of 52 Kinki Sharyo electric light rail vehicles owned by NJT and operated under contract by 2... | [] | [
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projected-00309785-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | Commuter rail | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | NJT has 11 commuter rail lines:
Atlantic City Line
Bergen County Line
Main Line
Meadowlands Rail Line
Montclair-Boonton Line
Morris & Essex Lines, consisting of:
Morristown Line
Gladstone Branch
North Jersey Coast Line
Northeast Corridor Line (includes the Princeton Branch)
Pascack Valley Line
Raritan Valley Line
Addi... | [
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projected-00309785-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | Police | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | The New Jersey Transit Police Department (NJTPD) is the transit police agency of NJ Transit. New Jersey Transit Police operates under the authority of Chapter 27 of the NJ Revised Statutes. Title 27:25-15.1 states in part "The Transit Police Officers so appointed shall have general authority, without limitation, to exe... | [] | [
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projected-00309785-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | Gateway Program | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | The Gateway Program is a major rail infrastructure improvement project designed to improve current services and create new capacity that will allow the doubling of passenger trains running under the Hudson River. The program will increase track, tunnel, bridge, and station capacity, eventually creating four mainline tr... | [] | [
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projected-00309785-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | Portal Bridge Replacement Project | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | The project would replace the existing century-old bridge swing-span bridge with a new, fixed-span bridge over the Hackensack River. The current bridge causes train traffic and delays due to maritime traffic, as well as malfunctions occurring from opening and closing. The new bridge's goal is to eliminate the movable s... | [] | [
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] |
projected-00309785-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | The Hudson Tunnel Project | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | The project is the design and construction of a new Hudson River rail tunnel serving Penn Station, New York, and the rehabilitation and modernization of the existing North River Tunnels, which incurred serious and ongoing damage during Hurricane Sandy. The tunnel was flooded with millions of gallons of saltwater during... | [] | [
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projected-00309785-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | Hudson-Bergen Light Rail (HBLR) Northern Branch Extension | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | The project will extend Hudson-Bergen Light Rail service from North Bergen, Hudson County to Englewood, Bergen County. The goal of the project is to meet the needs of travelers in the area, advance cost-effective transit solutions, attract growth and development in Bergen and Hudson counties, including the Hudson River... | [] | [
"Hudson-Bergen Light Rail (HBLR) Northern Branch Extension"
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"Passenger rail transportation in New Jersey",
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"1979 establishments in New Jersey"
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projected-00309785-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | Hudson-Bergen Light Rail (HBLR) Route 440 Extension | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | The project will expand Hudson-Bergen Light Rail access in Jersey City. It will extend service from West Side Avenue Station by of new rail to a new terminus on the west side of Route 440. An environmental assessment has been prepared by NJ Transit, and the Federal Transit Administration has issued a Finding of No Sig... | [] | [
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projected-00309785-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | Lackawanna Cut-Off | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | In May 2001, the State of New Jersey acquired the right-of-way of the Lackawanna Cut-Off. Constructed by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad between 1908 and 1911, this provided a direct route with minimal curves and grades between Slateford Junction, two miles (3.25 km) below the Delaware Water Gap, and the ... | [] | [
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"Intermodal transportation authorities in New Jersey",
"Passenger rail transportation in New Jersey",
"Bus transportation in New Jersey",
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projected-00309785-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | Glassboro–Camden Line | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | The Glassboro–Camden Line is an diesel multiple unit (DMU) light rail system planned for southwestern part of New Jersey in the United States. At its northern end in Camden, it will connect with the River Line, with which its infrastructure and vehicles will be compatible. At the northern terminus, the Walter Rand Tra... | [] | [
"Glassboro–Camden Line"
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projected-00309785-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | Bus rapid transit | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | Bus rapid transit in New Jersey includes limited stop bus lines, exclusive bus lanes (XBL) and bus bypass shoulders (BBS). Next Generation Bus is the term used by NJT to refer to the development of numerous bus rapid transit (BRT) systems across the state which are being studied by the agency, NJDOT, the metropolitan ... | [] | [
"Bus rapid transit"
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projected-00309785-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | Recovery and Resilience Projects | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | As of 2018, there are several projects in progress. A project to replace the auxiliary power cables, traction power, and signal and communication devices along the HBLR that were to affected by Hurricane Sandy was in the works. Repairs to Hoboken Terminal are said to be complete by 2020. Numerous power line, power syst... | [] | [
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projected-00309785-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | West Trenton | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | The West Trenton Line is a proposed service connecting West Trenton Station with Newark Penn Station, connecting with the Raritan Valley Line at Bridgewater. As of 2004, NJT's estimate of the cost was $197 million. To date, no funding has been secured. Service ran on the line prior to 1983. | [] | [
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projected-00309785-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | West Shore Commuter Rail Line | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | The West Shore Route is a proposal to reactivate passenger service on the New Jersey-New York section of the West Shore Railroad from Hoboken, NJ to West Nyack, NY. The project has been included in the NJ Transit's portion of the federally-designated Metropolitan Planning Organization, the North Jersey Transportation P... | [] | [
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projected-00309785-022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | Passaic–Bergen–Hudson Transit Project | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | The Passaic–Bergen–Hudson Transit Project would reintroduce passenger service on the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway right-of-way in Passaic, Bergen and Hudson counties. | [] | [
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projected-00309785-023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | Monmouth-Ocean-Middlesex (MOM) | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | The Monmouth-Ocean-Middlesex (MOM) line is a proposed south and central New Jersey commuter rail route to New Brunswick, Newark and New York's Penn Station. This would restore service previously provided by the Central Railroad of New Jersey with similar station sequences. Prior to 1941 cancellation the CNJ operated Bl... | [] | [
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projected-00309785-024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | Lehigh Valley | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | In November 2008, the Lehigh Valley Economic Development Corporation (LVEDC), along with both Lehigh and Northampton counties, commissioned a study to explore extending the Raritan Valley Line to the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania, which would potentially include stops in Allentown, Bethlehem and Easton. ... | [] | [
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projected-00309785-026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | Access to the Region's Core | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | NJT intended to construct a new two-track Hudson River tunnel adjacent to the two single-track Northeast Corridor tunnels built in the early 20th century by the Pennsylvania Railroad. NJT referred to the project as Access to the Region's Core, which would have used dual-power locomotives and a new rail junction at Seca... | [] | [
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projected-00309785-027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | Newark-Elizabeth Rail Link | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | Planned to connect Downtown Newark and Elizabeth via Newark Liberty International Airport, NJT is no longer pursuing the Newark-Elizabeth Rail Link. The airport has a monorail link to NJT's Northeast Corridor Line and Amtrak's Northeast Corridor, both of which run to both Newark and Elizabeth. | [] | [
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projected-00309785-028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | Incidents | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | In December 1985, a train crashed into a concrete bumper in Hoboken Terminal, injuring 54 people. The cause was a lubricant that was applied into the tracks to test the train wheels.
At around 8:40 AM on February 9, 1996, two trains, the eastbound 1254 and the westbound 1107, collided nearly head-on near Secaucus, New... | [] | [
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projected-00309785-029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NJ%20Transit | NJ Transit | See also | New Jersey Transit Corporation, branded as NJ Transit, and often shortened to NJT, is a state-owned public transportation system that serves the US state of New Jersey, along with portions of New York State and Pennsylvania. It operates bus, light rail, and commuter rail services throughout the state, connecting to maj... | George Warrington
James Weinstein
AirTrain Newark
List of New Jersey railroads
List of United States railroads
Metropolitan Transportation Authority
Sunnyside Yard | [] | [
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"NJ Transit",
"Intermodal transportation authorities in New Jersey",
"Passenger rail transportation in New Jersey",
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projected-00309792-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Introduction | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | [] | [
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projected-00309792-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Origin | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | Following the end of World War I, a German National Assembly gathered in the town of Weimar, in the state of Thuringia, after the 19 January 1919 Federal elections, in order to write a constitution for the Reich. The nation was to be a democratic federal republic, governed by a president and parliament.
The constituti... | [] | [
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projected-00309792-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Provisions and organization | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | The Weimar Constitution was divided into two main parts (Hauptteile). The two parts were divided into seven and five sections, respectively. In all, there were over 180 articles in the Constitution.
Some of the more noteworthy provisions are described below, including those provisions which proved significant in the ... | [
"Chart Weimar Constitution.svg"
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projected-00309792-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Main Part I: Composition of the Reich and its Responsibility | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | The first part (Erster Hauptteil) of the Constitution specified the organization of the various components of the Reich government. | [] | [
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projected-00309792-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Section 1: The Reich and its States | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | Section 1 consisted of Articles 1 to 19 and established the German Reich as a republic whose power derived from the people. ("The power of the state emanates from the people.") The Reich was defined as the region encompassed by the German states (Länder), and other regions could join the Reich based on popular self-det... | [] | [
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projected-00309792-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Section 2: The Reichstag and the Reich Government | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | Articles 20 to 40 described the national parliament, the Reichstag, which was seated in the capital, Berlin. The Reichstag was composed of representatives elected by the German people by an equal and secret ballot open to all Germans aged 20 or older. Proportional representation principles governed Reichstag election... | [] | [
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projected-00309792-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Section 3: The President of the Reich and the National Ministry | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | Articles 41 to 59 describe the duties of the President, including criteria for the office. Furthermore, they also further explain his relationship to the National Ministry and its relation to the Chancellor. | [] | [
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projected-00309792-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Section 4: The Reichsrat | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | Section 4 consisted of Articles 60 to 67 and established the Reichsrat (State Council). The Reichsrat was the means by which the states could participate in the making of legislation at the national level. Members of the Reichsrat were members or representatives of the state parliaments, and were bound by the instructi... | [] | [
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] |
projected-00309792-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Section 5: Reich legislation | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | Articles 68 to 77 specified how legislation is to be passed into law. Laws could be proposed by a member of the Reichstag or by the Reich government and were passed on the majority vote of the Reichstag. Proposed legislation had to be presented to the Reichsrat, and the latter body's objections were required to be pres... | [] | [
"Provisions and organization",
"Main Part I: Composition of the Reich and its Responsibility",
"Section 5: Reich legislation"
] | [
"Politics of the Weimar Republic",
"Law in Nazi Germany",
"Government of Nazi Germany",
"1919 in law",
"Historical constitutions of Germany",
"1919 in politics",
"1919 documents",
"August 1919 events"
] |
projected-00309792-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Section 6: Reich administration | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | Articles 78 to 101 described the methods by which the Reich government administered the constitution and laws, particularly in the areas where the Reich government had exclusive jurisdiction – foreign relations, colonial affairs, defence, taxation and customs, merchant shipping and waterways, railroads, and so forth. | [] | [
"Provisions and organization",
"Main Part I: Composition of the Reich and its Responsibility",
"Section 6: Reich administration"
] | [
"Politics of the Weimar Republic",
"Law in Nazi Germany",
"Government of Nazi Germany",
"1919 in law",
"Historical constitutions of Germany",
"1919 in politics",
"1919 documents",
"August 1919 events"
] |
projected-00309792-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Section 7: Justice | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | Articles 102 to 108 established the justice system of the Weimar Republic. The principal provision established judicial independence – judges were subject only to the law.
This section established a Supreme Court and also established administrative courts to adjudicate disputes between citizens and administrative offi... | [] | [
"Provisions and organization",
"Main Part I: Composition of the Reich and its Responsibility",
"Section 7: Justice"
] | [
"Politics of the Weimar Republic",
"Law in Nazi Germany",
"Government of Nazi Germany",
"1919 in law",
"Historical constitutions of Germany",
"1919 in politics",
"1919 documents",
"August 1919 events"
] |
projected-00309792-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Main Part II: Basic rights and obligations of Germans | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | The second part (Zweiter Hauptteil) of the Weimar Constitution laid out the basic rights (Grundrechte) and basic obligations (Grundpflichten) of Germans.
The constitution guaranteed individual rights such as the freedom of speech and assembly to each citizen. These were based on the provisions of the earlier constitut... | [] | [
"Main Part II: Basic rights and obligations of Germans"
] | [
"Politics of the Weimar Republic",
"Law in Nazi Germany",
"Government of Nazi Germany",
"1919 in law",
"Historical constitutions of Germany",
"1919 in politics",
"1919 documents",
"August 1919 events"
] |
projected-00309792-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Section 1: The Individual | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | Articles 109 to 118 set forth individual rights of Germans, the principal tenet being that every German was equal before the law. Men and women had "in principle" the same civil rights and duties, which meant that the family law rules of the Civil Code from 1896 remained unaffected. Privileges based on birth or social ... | [] | [
"Main Part II: Basic rights and obligations of Germans",
"Section 1: The Individual"
] | [
"Politics of the Weimar Republic",
"Law in Nazi Germany",
"Government of Nazi Germany",
"1919 in law",
"Historical constitutions of Germany",
"1919 in politics",
"1919 documents",
"August 1919 events"
] |
projected-00309792-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Section 2: Community Life | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | Articles 119 to 134 guided Germans' interaction with the community and established, among other things, that:
Germans had the right to assemble peacefully and unarmed without prior permission. (Article 123)
Germans were entitled to form clubs or societies, which were permitted to acquire legal status. This status co... | [] | [
"Main Part II: Basic rights and obligations of Germans",
"Section 2: Community Life"
] | [
"Politics of the Weimar Republic",
"Law in Nazi Germany",
"Government of Nazi Germany",
"1919 in law",
"Historical constitutions of Germany",
"1919 in politics",
"1919 documents",
"August 1919 events"
] |
projected-00309792-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Section 3: Religion and Religious Communities | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | The religious rights of Germans were enumerated in Articles 135 to 141. Residents of the Reich were granted freedom of belief and conscience. Free practice of religion was guaranteed by the constitution and protected by the state, and no state church was established.
Furthermore, the exercise of civil and civic rights... | [] | [
"Main Part II: Basic rights and obligations of Germans",
"Section 3: Religion and Religious Communities"
] | [
"Politics of the Weimar Republic",
"Law in Nazi Germany",
"Government of Nazi Germany",
"1919 in law",
"Historical constitutions of Germany",
"1919 in politics",
"1919 documents",
"August 1919 events"
] |
projected-00309792-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Section 4: Education and School | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | Articles 142 to 150 guided the operation of educational institutions within the Reich. Public education was provided by state institutions and regulated by the government, with cooperation between the Reich, the province, and the local community. Primary school was compulsory, with advanced schooling available to age 1... | [] | [
"Main Part II: Basic rights and obligations of Germans",
"Section 4: Education and School"
] | [
"Politics of the Weimar Republic",
"Law in Nazi Germany",
"Government of Nazi Germany",
"1919 in law",
"Historical constitutions of Germany",
"1919 in politics",
"1919 documents",
"August 1919 events"
] |
projected-00309792-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Section 5: The Economy | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | Constitutional provisions about economic affairs were given in Articles 151 to 165. One of the fundamental principles was that economic life should conform to the principles of justice, with the goal of achieving a dignified life for all and securing the economic freedom of the individual.
The right to property was gua... | [] | [
"Main Part II: Basic rights and obligations of Germans",
"Section 5: The Economy"
] | [
"Politics of the Weimar Republic",
"Law in Nazi Germany",
"Government of Nazi Germany",
"1919 in law",
"Historical constitutions of Germany",
"1919 in politics",
"1919 documents",
"August 1919 events"
] |
projected-00309792-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Transition and Final Clauses | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | The final 16 articles (Articles 166 to 181) of the Weimar Constitution provided for the orderly transition to the new constitution, and stipulated in some cases when the various provisions of the new constitution take effect. In cases where legislation had yet to be passed (such as the laws governing the new Supreme Co... | [] | [
"Transition and Final Clauses"
] | [
"Politics of the Weimar Republic",
"Law in Nazi Germany",
"Government of Nazi Germany",
"1919 in law",
"Historical constitutions of Germany",
"1919 in politics",
"1919 documents",
"August 1919 events"
] |
projected-00309792-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Weaknesses | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | In his book The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, historian William L. Shirer described the Weimar Constitution as "on paper, the most liberal and democratic document of its kind the twentieth century had ever seen ... full of ingenious and admirable devices which seemed to guarantee the working of an almost flawless d... | [] | [
"Weaknesses"
] | [
"Politics of the Weimar Republic",
"Law in Nazi Germany",
"Government of Nazi Germany",
"1919 in law",
"Historical constitutions of Germany",
"1919 in politics",
"1919 documents",
"August 1919 events"
] |
projected-00309792-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Hitler's subversion of the Weimar Constitution | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | Less than a month after Adolf Hitler’s appointment as chancellor in 1933, the Reichstag Fire Decree invoked Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution, suspending several constitutional protections on civil rights. The articles affected were 114 (habeas corpus), 115 (inviolability of residence), 117 (correspondence privacy... | [] | [
"Hitler's subversion of the Weimar Constitution"
] | [
"Politics of the Weimar Republic",
"Law in Nazi Germany",
"Government of Nazi Germany",
"1919 in law",
"Historical constitutions of Germany",
"1919 in politics",
"1919 documents",
"August 1919 events"
] |
projected-00309792-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Legacy | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | After the passage of the Enabling Act, the constitution was largely forgotten. Nonetheless, Hitler used it to give his dictatorship the appearance of legality. Three Reichstag elections were held during his rule. However, voters were presented with a single list of Nazis and "guest candidates". Secret voting technicall... | [] | [
"Legacy"
] | [
"Politics of the Weimar Republic",
"Law in Nazi Germany",
"Government of Nazi Germany",
"1919 in law",
"Historical constitutions of Germany",
"1919 in politics",
"1919 documents",
"August 1919 events"
] |
projected-00309792-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar%20Constitution | Weimar Constitution | Notes | The Constitution of the German Reich (), usually known as the Weimar Constitution (Weimarer Verfassung), was the constitution that governed Germany during the Weimar Republic era (1919–1933). The constitution declared Germany to be a democratic parliamentary republic with a legislature elected under proportional repres... | † Protections provided by Articles 114, 115, 117, 118, 123, 124, and 153 could be suspended or restricted by the President through invocation of his authority granted under Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution. | [] | [
"Notes"
] | [
"Politics of the Weimar Republic",
"Law in Nazi Germany",
"Government of Nazi Germany",
"1919 in law",
"Historical constitutions of Germany",
"1919 in politics",
"1919 documents",
"August 1919 events"
] |
projected-00309793-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puddle%20Lane | Puddle Lane | Introduction | Puddle Lane (or Tales from Puddle Lane) is a 1980s English pre-school children's television programme written by Rick Vanes with animated stories written by Sheila K. McCullagh, author of Tim and the Hidden People. A long series of early readers based on the stories was produced by Ladybird Books, also under the title ... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1985 British television series debuts",
"1989 British television series endings",
"1980s British children's television series",
"British children's books",
"British children's animated anthology television series",
"British children's animated fantasy television series",
"Fictional populated places in ... | |
projected-00309793-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puddle%20Lane | Puddle Lane | TV programme | Puddle Lane (or Tales from Puddle Lane) is a 1980s English pre-school children's television programme written by Rick Vanes with animated stories written by Sheila K. McCullagh, author of Tim and the Hidden People. A long series of early readers based on the stories was produced by Ladybird Books, also under the title ... | The programme was made by Yorkshire Television in Leeds for ITV and ran on from 1985 (as a replacement for the then-recently discontinued series Mooncat & Co.) until 1989. The main characters were the Magician (played by Neil Innes, who also composed music for the programme), and a Spell Dragon named Toby (voiced by Ri... | [] | [
"TV programme"
] | [
"1985 British television series debuts",
"1989 British television series endings",
"1980s British children's television series",
"British children's books",
"British children's animated anthology television series",
"British children's animated fantasy television series",
"Fictional populated places in ... |
projected-00309793-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puddle%20Lane | Puddle Lane | Transmission guide | Puddle Lane (or Tales from Puddle Lane) is a 1980s English pre-school children's television programme written by Rick Vanes with animated stories written by Sheila K. McCullagh, author of Tim and the Hidden People. A long series of early readers based on the stories was produced by Ladybird Books, also under the title ... | Series 1: 26 editions from 3 October 1985 – 1 May 1986
Series 2: 26 editions from 16 October 1986 – 23 April 1987
Series 3: 24 editions from 29 October 1987 – 21 April 1988
Series 4: 26 editions from 6 October 1988 – 13 April 1989 | [] | [
"Transmission guide"
] | [
"1985 British television series debuts",
"1989 British television series endings",
"1980s British children's television series",
"British children's books",
"British children's animated anthology television series",
"British children's animated fantasy television series",
"Fictional populated places in ... |
projected-00309793-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puddle%20Lane | Puddle Lane | Books | Puddle Lane (or Tales from Puddle Lane) is a 1980s English pre-school children's television programme written by Rick Vanes with animated stories written by Sheila K. McCullagh, author of Tim and the Hidden People. A long series of early readers based on the stories was produced by Ladybird Books, also under the title ... | A series of 54 books (plus two standalone volumes) was produced for Puddle Lane, published by Ladybird Books. The texts, based on the animated stories, were written by Sheila McCullagh. Illustrations for the books were provided by several different artists (Tony Morris, Gavin Rowe and others). There were five sets of b... | [] | [
"Books"
] | [
"1985 British television series debuts",
"1989 British television series endings",
"1980s British children's television series",
"British children's books",
"British children's animated anthology television series",
"British children's animated fantasy television series",
"Fictional populated places in ... |
projected-00309793-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puddle%20Lane | Puddle Lane | Miscellany | Puddle Lane (or Tales from Puddle Lane) is a 1980s English pre-school children's television programme written by Rick Vanes with animated stories written by Sheila K. McCullagh, author of Tim and the Hidden People. A long series of early readers based on the stories was produced by Ladybird Books, also under the title ... | Other Puddle Lane merchandise included audio tapes supplied for the books, jigsaw puzzles, dominoes, picture word cards, and several educational products: The Magician's Activity Book, The Griffle's Activity Book and Puddle Lane Fun Frieze. | [] | [
"Miscellany"
] | [
"1985 British television series debuts",
"1989 British television series endings",
"1980s British children's television series",
"British children's books",
"British children's animated anthology television series",
"British children's animated fantasy television series",
"Fictional populated places in ... |
projected-00309794-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan%20of%20Xymox | Clan of Xymox | Introduction | Clan of Xymox, also known as simply Xymox, are a Dutch rock band formed in 1981 best known as pioneers of darkwave music. Clan of Xymox featured a trio of singers and songwriters – Ronny Moorings, Anka Wolbert, and Pieter Nooten – and gained success in the 1980s, releasing their first two albums on 4AD, before releasin... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"4AD artists",
"Dutch dark wave musical groups",
"Dutch gothic rock groups",
"Dutch new wave musical groups",
"Dutch electronic rock musical groups",
"Metropolis Records artists",
"Musical groups established in 1981"
] | |
projected-00309794-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan%20of%20Xymox | Clan of Xymox | 4AD and the Peel Sessions (1983–1988) | Clan of Xymox, also known as simply Xymox, are a Dutch rock band formed in 1981 best known as pioneers of darkwave music. Clan of Xymox featured a trio of singers and songwriters – Ronny Moorings, Anka Wolbert, and Pieter Nooten – and gained success in the 1980s, releasing their first two albums on 4AD, before releasin... | Clan of Xymox were formed in Nijmegen, Netherlands, in 1983 by Ronny Moorings (vocals, guitar) and Anka Wolbert (bass, vocals). A year later, Moorings and Wolbert moved to Amsterdam, releasing the mini-album Subsequent Pleasures as Xymox. The album was limited to 500 copies.
"Ronny and I met as students in Nijmegen an... | [] | [
"History",
"4AD and the Peel Sessions (1983–1988)"
] | [
"4AD artists",
"Dutch dark wave musical groups",
"Dutch gothic rock groups",
"Dutch new wave musical groups",
"Dutch electronic rock musical groups",
"Metropolis Records artists",
"Musical groups established in 1981"
] |
projected-00309794-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan%20of%20Xymox | Clan of Xymox | PolyGram and international success (1988–1991) | Clan of Xymox, also known as simply Xymox, are a Dutch rock band formed in 1981 best known as pioneers of darkwave music. Clan of Xymox featured a trio of singers and songwriters – Ronny Moorings, Anka Wolbert, and Pieter Nooten – and gained success in the 1980s, releasing their first two albums on 4AD, before releasin... | Now abbreviated as Xymox, the band's third album, Twist of Shadows, was released in 1989. This album, and its successor Phoenix, were released by Wing Records, a subsidiary of Polydor Records/PolyGram. In the United States, these two albums created a cult following for the band. The first two singles taken from the Twi... | [
"Xymox 1989 220px.jpg"
] | [
"History",
"PolyGram and international success (1988–1991)"
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"4AD artists",
"Dutch dark wave musical groups",
"Dutch gothic rock groups",
"Dutch new wave musical groups",
"Dutch electronic rock musical groups",
"Metropolis Records artists",
"Musical groups established in 1981"
] |
projected-00309794-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan%20of%20Xymox | Clan of Xymox | Independent labels and move to Germany (1991–Present) | Clan of Xymox, also known as simply Xymox, are a Dutch rock band formed in 1981 best known as pioneers of darkwave music. Clan of Xymox featured a trio of singers and songwriters – Ronny Moorings, Anka Wolbert, and Pieter Nooten – and gained success in the 1980s, releasing their first two albums on 4AD, before releasin... | Xymox, without Nooten and Wolbert, left PolyGram to release the UK acid house inspired LPs Metamorphosis (1992) and Headclouds (1993) independently. These albums marked a break from the dark wave sound of the 1980s and met with poor record sales in the United States, which had moved towards a markedly different grunge ... | [
"Ronny Moorings - Clan of Xymox - 2008 - 8154.jpg"
] | [
"History",
"Independent labels and move to Germany (1991–Present)"
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"4AD artists",
"Dutch dark wave musical groups",
"Dutch gothic rock groups",
"Dutch new wave musical groups",
"Dutch electronic rock musical groups",
"Metropolis Records artists",
"Musical groups established in 1981"
] |
projected-00309794-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan%20of%20Xymox | Clan of Xymox | Studio albums | Clan of Xymox, also known as simply Xymox, are a Dutch rock band formed in 1981 best known as pioneers of darkwave music. Clan of Xymox featured a trio of singers and songwriters – Ronny Moorings, Anka Wolbert, and Pieter Nooten – and gained success in the 1980s, releasing their first two albums on 4AD, before releasin... | Clan of Xymox (LP, CD, 4AD, 1985)
Medusa (LP, CD, 4AD, 1986)
Twist of Shadows (LP, CD, CS, Wing, 1989) - under Xymox
Phoenix (LP, CD, CS, Wing Records/Polydor, 1991) - under Xymox (last with original line-up)
Metamorphosis (CD, CS, Mogull Entertainment/X-ULT, 1992) - under Xymox
Headclouds (LP, CD, CS, Zok/Off-Beat, 19... | [] | [
"Discography",
"Studio albums"
] | [
"4AD artists",
"Dutch dark wave musical groups",
"Dutch gothic rock groups",
"Dutch new wave musical groups",
"Dutch electronic rock musical groups",
"Metropolis Records artists",
"Musical groups established in 1981"
] |
projected-00309794-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan%20of%20Xymox | Clan of Xymox | Cover album | Clan of Xymox, also known as simply Xymox, are a Dutch rock band formed in 1981 best known as pioneers of darkwave music. Clan of Xymox featured a trio of singers and songwriters – Ronny Moorings, Anka Wolbert, and Pieter Nooten – and gained success in the 1980s, releasing their first two albums on 4AD, before releasin... | Kindred Spirits, (CD, Trisol/Metropolis 2012 - LP, Trisol 2018) | [] | [
"Discography",
"Cover album"
] | [
"4AD artists",
"Dutch dark wave musical groups",
"Dutch gothic rock groups",
"Dutch new wave musical groups",
"Dutch electronic rock musical groups",
"Metropolis Records artists",
"Musical groups established in 1981"
] |
projected-00309794-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan%20of%20Xymox | Clan of Xymox | Singles/EPs | Clan of Xymox, also known as simply Xymox, are a Dutch rock band formed in 1981 best known as pioneers of darkwave music. Clan of Xymox featured a trio of singers and songwriters – Ronny Moorings, Anka Wolbert, and Pieter Nooten – and gained success in the 1980s, releasing their first two albums on 4AD, before releasin... | Subsequent Pleasures (vinyl 12", self-released, 1983) - under Xymox
"A Day" (12", 4AD, 1986; re-released, Old Gold, 1998)
"A Day/Stranger" (12", Contempo, 1985)
"Louise" (7", Megadisc, 1986)
"Muscoviet Musquito" (promotional 7", Virgin France 1986)
"Blind Hearts" (12", 4AD/Rough Trade, 1987)
"Blind Hearts" (12", Wing, ... | [] | [
"Discography",
"Singles/EPs"
] | [
"4AD artists",
"Dutch dark wave musical groups",
"Dutch gothic rock groups",
"Dutch new wave musical groups",
"Dutch electronic rock musical groups",
"Metropolis Records artists",
"Musical groups established in 1981"
] |
projected-00309801-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Introduction | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Asymmetric information",
"Asymmetry",
"Law and economics",
"Market failure"
] | |
projected-00309801-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | History | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | The puzzle of information asymmetry has existed for as long as the market itself but remained largely unstudied until the post-WWII period. It is an umbrella term that can contain a vast diversity of topics.
Greek Stoics (2nd century BCE) treated the advantage that sellers derive from privileged information in the sto... | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Asymmetric information",
"Asymmetry",
"Law and economics",
"Market failure"
] |
projected-00309801-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | 2001 Nobel Prize Inspirations | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Information problems have always affected the lives of humans, yet it was not studied with any seriousness until near the 1970s when three economists fleshed out models which revolutionized the way we think about information and its interaction with the market. George Akerlof's paper The Market for Lemons introduced a ... | [] | [
"History",
"2001 Nobel Prize Inspirations"
] | [
"Asymmetric information",
"Asymmetry",
"Law and economics",
"Market failure"
] |
projected-00309801-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Akerlof | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Akerlof drew heavily from the work of an economist named Kenneth Arrow. Arrow, who was awarded a Nobel Prize in Economics in 1972, studied uncertainty in the field of medical care, among other things (Arrow 1963). His work highlighted several factors which became important to Akerlof's studies. First, is the idea of mo... | [] | [
"History",
"2001 Nobel Prize Inspirations",
"Akerlof"
] | [
"Asymmetric information",
"Asymmetry",
"Law and economics",
"Market failure"
] |
projected-00309801-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Spence | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Spence is unique among the three authors because his work was more innovative and original. Thus, he did not draw on significant scholarly work before him. In his seminal paper, Spence cited no sources for his inspiration. However, he did acknowledge Kenneth Arrow and Thomas Schelling as helpful in discussing ideas dur... | [] | [
"History",
"2001 Nobel Prize Inspirations",
"Spence"
] | [
"Asymmetric information",
"Asymmetry",
"Law and economics",
"Market failure"
] |
projected-00309801-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Stiglitz | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Most of Stiglitz's academic inspirations were from his contemporaries. Stiglitz primarily attributes his thinking to articles by Spence, Akerlof, and a few earlier works by him and his co-author Michael Rothschild (Rothschild and Stiglitz 1976), each discussing various aspects of screening and the role of education. St... | [] | [
"History",
"2001 Nobel Prize Inspirations",
"Stiglitz"
] | [
"Asymmetric information",
"Asymmetry",
"Law and economics",
"Market failure"
] |
projected-00309801-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Impact of 2001 Nobel Work | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | These three economists' simple yet revolutionary work birthed a movement in economics that changed how the field viewed the market forever. No longer can perfect information be assumed in some problems, as in most neoclassical models. Information asymmetry began to grow in prevalence in academic literature. In 1996, a ... | [] | [
"Impact of 2001 Nobel Work"
] | [
"Asymmetric information",
"Asymmetry",
"Law and economics",
"Market failure"
] |
projected-00309801-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Models | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Information asymmetry models assume one party possesses some information that other parties have no access to. Some asymmetric information models can also be used in situations where at least one party can enforce, or effectively retaliate for breaches of, certain parts of an agreement, whereas the other(s) cannot. | [] | [
"Models"
] | [
"Asymmetric information",
"Asymmetry",
"Law and economics",
"Market failure"
] |
projected-00309801-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Adverse Selection | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Akerlof suggested that information asymmetry leads to adverse selections. In adverse selection models, the ignorant party lacks of has differing information while negotiating an agreed understanding of or contract to the transaction. An example of adverse selection is when people who are high-risk are more likely to bu... | [] | [
"Models",
"Adverse Selection"
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"Asymmetric information",
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"Law and economics",
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projected-00309801-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Moral Hazard | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Moral hazard occurs when the ignorant party lacks information about the performance of the agreed-upon transaction or lacks the ability to retaliate for a breach of the agreement. An example of moral hazard is when people are more likely to behave recklessly after becoming insured, either because the insurer cannot obs... | [] | [
"Models",
"Moral Hazard"
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"Asymmetric information",
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"Law and economics",
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projected-00309801-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Monopolies of Knowledge | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | In the model of monopolies of knowledge, the ignorant party has no right to access all the critical information about a situation for decision making. This type of information asymmetry can be seen in government. An example of monopolies of knowledge is that in some enterprises, only high-level management can fully acc... | [] | [
"Models",
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projected-00309801-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Solutions | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Countermeasures have widely been discussed to reduce information asymmetry. The classic paper on adverse selection is George Akerlof's "The Market for Lemons" from 1970, which brought informational issues to the forefront of economic theory. Exploring signaling and screening, the paper discusses two primary solutions t... | [] | [
"Solutions"
] | [
"Asymmetric information",
"Asymmetry",
"Law and economics",
"Market failure"
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projected-00309801-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Signalling | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Michael Spence originally proposed the idea of signalling. He suggested that in a situation with information asymmetry, it is possible for people to signal their type, thus believably transferring information to the other party and resolving the asymmetry.
This idea was initially studied in the context of matching in... | [] | [
"Solutions",
"Signalling"
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"Asymmetric information",
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"Law and economics",
"Market failure"
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projected-00309801-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Screening | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Joseph E. Stiglitz pioneered the theory of screening. In this way, the underinformed party can induce the other party to reveal their information. They can provide a menu of choices in such a way that the choice depends on the private information of the other party.
The side of asymmetry can occur on either buyer or s... | [
"Annual average health premium costs.png"
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projected-00309801-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Warranty | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Warranties are utilised as a method of verifying the credibility of a product, and are a guarantee issued by the seller promising to replace or repair the good should the quality not be sufficient. Product warranties are often requested from buying parties or financial lenders and have been used as a form of mediation ... | [] | [
"Solutions",
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"Asymmetric information",
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projected-00309801-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Mandatory information disclosure | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Both signaling and screening resemble voluntary information disclosure, where the party having more information, for their own best interest, use various measures to inform the other party. However, voluntary information disclosure is not always feasible. Regulators can thus take active measures to facilitate the sprea... | [] | [
"Solutions",
"Mandatory information disclosure"
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"Asymmetric information",
"Asymmetry",
"Law and economics",
"Market failure"
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projected-00309801-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Information gathering | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Most models in traditional contract theory assume that asymmetric information is exogenously given. Yet, some authors have also studied contract-theoretic models in which asymmetric information arises endogenously because agents decide whether or not to gather information. Specifically, Crémer and Khalil (1992) and Cré... | [] | [
"Information gathering"
] | [
"Asymmetric information",
"Asymmetry",
"Law and economics",
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projected-00309801-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Sources | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Information asymmetry within societies can be created and maintained in several ways. Firstly, media outlets, due to their ownership structure or political influences, may fail to disseminate certain viewpoints or choose to engage in propaganda campaigns. Furthermore, an educational system relying on substantial tuitio... | [] | [
"Sources"
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"Asymmetric information",
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"Law and economics",
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projected-00309801-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Market impact | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Zavolokina, Schlegel, and Schwabe (2020) state that Information asymmetry makes buyers and sellers distrust each other, which leads to opportunistic behaviour and may even lead to complete break down of the market. At the same time, lower quality provision in markets is also one of the consequences, as sellers do not g... | [] | [
"Market impact"
] | [
"Asymmetric information",
"Asymmetry",
"Law and economics",
"Market failure"
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projected-00309801-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Accounting and finance | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | A substantial portion of research in the field of accounting can be framed in terms of information asymmetry, since accounting involves the transmission of an enterprise's information from those who have it to those who need it for decision-making. Bartov and Bodnar (1996) mentioned that the different accounting method... | [] | [
"Application in research",
"Accounting and finance"
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"Asymmetric information",
"Asymmetry",
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"Market failure"
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projected-00309801-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Effect of blogging | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | The effect of blogging as a source of information asymmetry as well as a tool reduce asymmetric information has also been well studied. Blogging on financial websites provides bottom-up communication among investors, analysts, journalists, and academics, as financial blogs help prevent people in charge from withholding... | [
"A_Game_of_imperfect_information_with_subgames_shown..svg"
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"Application in research",
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projected-00309801-022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Game theory | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Game theory can be used to analyse asymmetric information. A large amount of the foundational ideas in game theory builds on the framework of information asymmetry. In simultaneous games, each player has no prior knowledge of an opponent's move. In sequential games, players may observe all or part of the opponent's mov... | [] | [
"Application in research",
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projected-00309801-023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Contract theory | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Contract theory provides insights into how various economic agents can enter contractual arrangements in situation of unequal levels of information. The development of contract theory is based on assuming its parties possess different levels of information on the contract's subject. For instance, in a road construction... | [] | [
"Application in research",
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projected-00309801-024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Artificial intelligence | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Tshilidzi Marwala and Evan Hurwitz in their study of the relationship between information asymmetry and artificial intelligence observed that there is a reduced level of information asymmetry between two artificial intelligent agents than between two human agents. As a consequence, when these artificial intelligent age... | [] | [
"Application in research",
"Artificial intelligence"
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"Asymmetric information",
"Asymmetry",
"Law and economics",
"Market failure"
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projected-00309801-025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Management | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Information asymmetry has been applied in a variety of ways in management research ranging from conceptualizations of information asymmetry to building resolutions to reduce it. A 2013 study by Schmidt and Keil has revealed that the presence of private information asymmetry within firms influences normal business activ... | [] | [
"Application in research",
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projected-00309801-026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | Online Advertising | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Online advertising is a dominant form of advertising, and a potential source of information asymmetry. Online advertising consists of utilities(a good) being encoded into a message received by a customer who decodes the message, making a purchasing decision. Firms' messages are tailored to specific goals and intentions... | [] | [
"Application in research",
"Online Advertising"
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"Asymmetric information",
"Asymmetry",
"Law and economics",
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projected-00309801-027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | See also | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Artificial scarcity
Asymmetric competition
Bounded rationality
Caveat emptor
Inequality of bargaining power
Natural borrowing limit
Perfect information
Real prices and ideal prices | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Asymmetric information",
"Asymmetry",
"Law and economics",
"Market failure"
] |
projected-00309801-029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20asymmetry | Information asymmetry | References | In contract theory and economics, information asymmetry deals with the study of decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other.
Information asymmetry creates an imbalance of power in transactions, which can sometimes cause the transactions to be inefficient, causing market fail... | Koehler, Benedikt; (2020) "Thomas Aquinas on the conduct of sales." Economic Affairs. 40 (3): 358–366. doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12436
(Chaps. 13 and 14 discuss applications of adverse selection and moral hazard models to contract theory.) | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Asymmetric information",
"Asymmetry",
"Law and economics",
"Market failure"
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projected-00309803-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remain%20in%20Light | Remain in Light | Introduction | Remain in Light is the fourth studio album by American rock band Talking Heads, released on October 8, 1980 by Sire Records. It was recorded at Compass Point Studios in the Bahamas and Sigma Sound Studios in Philadelphia during July and August 1980. It was the last Talking Heads album Brian Eno produced.
After the rel... | [] | [
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"Albums produced by Brian Eno",
"Sire Records albums",
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projected-00309803-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remain%20in%20Light | Remain in Light | Background | Remain in Light is the fourth studio album by American rock band Talking Heads, released on October 8, 1980 by Sire Records. It was recorded at Compass Point Studios in the Bahamas and Sigma Sound Studios in Philadelphia during July and August 1980. It was the last Talking Heads album Brian Eno produced.
After the rel... | In January 1980, the members of Talking Heads returned to New York City after the tours in support of their 1979 critically acclaimed third album, Fear of Music, and took time off to pursue personal interests. Singer David Byrne worked with Brian Eno, the record's producer, on an experimental album, My Life in the Bush... | [] | [
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projected-00309803-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remain%20in%20Light | Remain in Light | Recording and production | Remain in Light is the fourth studio album by American rock band Talking Heads, released on October 8, 1980 by Sire Records. It was recorded at Compass Point Studios in the Bahamas and Sigma Sound Studios in Philadelphia during July and August 1980. It was the last Talking Heads album Brian Eno produced.
After the rel... | Recording sessions started at Compass Point Studios in July 1980. The album's creation required additional musicians, particularly percussionists. Talking Heads used the working title Melody Attack throughout the studio process after watching a Japanese game show of the same name. Harrison said the ambition was to blen... | [
"B.eno.PNG"
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projected-00309803-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remain%20in%20Light | Remain in Light | Music and lyrics | Remain in Light is the fourth studio album by American rock band Talking Heads, released on October 8, 1980 by Sire Records. It was recorded at Compass Point Studios in the Bahamas and Sigma Sound Studios in Philadelphia during July and August 1980. It was the last Talking Heads album Brian Eno produced.
After the rel... | Remain in Light features new wave, post-punk, worldbeat, dance-rock, art pop, art rock, avant-pop, and different types of funk, specifically afrofunk and psychedelic funk. Critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine called the album a "dense amalgam of African percussion, funk bass and keyboards, pop songs, and electronics." It con... | [
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projected-00309803-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remain%20in%20Light | Remain in Light | Packaging and title | Remain in Light is the fourth studio album by American rock band Talking Heads, released on October 8, 1980 by Sire Records. It was recorded at Compass Point Studios in the Bahamas and Sigma Sound Studios in Philadelphia during July and August 1980. It was the last Talking Heads album Brian Eno produced.
After the rel... | Weymouth and Frantz conceived the cover art with the help of Massachusetts Institute of Technology researcher Walter Bender and his ArcMac team (the precursor to the MIT Media Lab). Using Melody Attack as inspiration, the couple created a collage of red warplanes flying in formation over the Himalayas. The planes are a... | [
"Grummannavy.PNG"
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projected-00309803-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remain%20in%20Light | Remain in Light | Promotion and release | Remain in Light is the fourth studio album by American rock band Talking Heads, released on October 8, 1980 by Sire Records. It was recorded at Compass Point Studios in the Bahamas and Sigma Sound Studios in Philadelphia during July and August 1980. It was the last Talking Heads album Brian Eno produced.
After the rel... | Brian Eno advised Talking Heads that the music on Remain in Light was too dense for a quartet to perform. The band expanded to nine musicians for the tours in support of the album. The augmenting members recruited by Harrison were Belew, Funkadelic keyboardist Bernie Worrell, bassist Busta "Cherry" Jones, Ashford & Sim... | [
"Talking Heads band1.jpg"
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projected-00309803-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remain%20in%20Light | Remain in Light | Critical reception | Remain in Light is the fourth studio album by American rock band Talking Heads, released on October 8, 1980 by Sire Records. It was recorded at Compass Point Studios in the Bahamas and Sigma Sound Studios in Philadelphia during July and August 1980. It was the last Talking Heads album Brian Eno produced.
After the rel... | The album attained widespread acclaim from media outlets. Ken Tucker of Rolling Stone felt it was a brave and absorbing attempt to locate a common ground in the early 1980s' divergent and often hostile musical genres; he concluded, "Remain in Light yields scary, funny music to which you can dance and think, think and d... | [] | [
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projected-00309803-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remain%20in%20Light | Remain in Light | Accolades and legacy | Remain in Light is the fourth studio album by American rock band Talking Heads, released on October 8, 1980 by Sire Records. It was recorded at Compass Point Studios in the Bahamas and Sigma Sound Studios in Philadelphia during July and August 1980. It was the last Talking Heads album Brian Eno produced.
After the rel... | Remain in Light was named the best album of 1980 by Sounds, ahead of the Skids' The Absolute Game, and by Melody Maker, while The New York Times included it in its unnumbered shortlist of the 10 best records issued that year. It figured highly in other end-of-year best album lists, notably at number two, behind The Cla... | [] | [
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projected-00309803-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remain%20in%20Light | Remain in Light | Personnel | Remain in Light is the fourth studio album by American rock band Talking Heads, released on October 8, 1980 by Sire Records. It was recorded at Compass Point Studios in the Bahamas and Sigma Sound Studios in Philadelphia during July and August 1980. It was the last Talking Heads album Brian Eno produced.
After the rel... | Those involved in the making of Remain in Light were:
Talking Heads
David Byrne – lead vocals, keyboards, guitars, bass, percussion, vocal arrangements
Jerry Harrison – keyboards, guitars, percussion, backing vocals
Tina Weymouth – keyboards, bass, percussion, backing vocals
Chris Frantz – keyboards, drums, percus... | [] | [
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] | [
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"Talking Heads albums",
"Albums produced by Brian Eno",
"Sire Records albums",
"Worldbeat albums",
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projected-00309803-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remain%20in%20Light | Remain in Light | Production | Remain in Light is the fourth studio album by American rock band Talking Heads, released on October 8, 1980 by Sire Records. It was recorded at Compass Point Studios in the Bahamas and Sigma Sound Studios in Philadelphia during July and August 1980. It was the last Talking Heads album Brian Eno produced.
After the rel... | Brian Eno – producer, mixing
Dave Jerden – engineer, mixing
David Byrne – mixing
John Potoker – additional engineer, mixing
Rhett Davies – additional engineer
Jack Nuber – additional engineer
Steven Stanley – additional engineer
Kendall Stubbs – additional engineer
Greg Calbi – mastering at Sterling Sound (New ... | [] | [
"Production"
] | [
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"Talking Heads albums",
"Albums produced by Brian Eno",
"Sire Records albums",
"Worldbeat albums",
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"United States National Recording Registry albums"
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projected-00309803-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remain%20in%20Light | Remain in Light | See also | Remain in Light is the fourth studio album by American rock band Talking Heads, released on October 8, 1980 by Sire Records. It was recorded at Compass Point Studios in the Bahamas and Sigma Sound Studios in Philadelphia during July and August 1980. It was the last Talking Heads album Brian Eno produced.
After the rel... | Everything That Happens Will Happen Today
Live Phish Volume 15
Remain in Light, Angélique Kidjo's track-by-track reimagination of the album | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"1980 albums",
"Talking Heads albums",
"Albums produced by Brian Eno",
"Sire Records albums",
"Worldbeat albums",
"United States National Recording Registry recordings",
"United States National Recording Registry albums"
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projected-00309808-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20Radio%20International | Public Radio International | Introduction | Public Radio International (PRI) was an American public radio organization. Headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota, PRI provided programming to over 850 public radio stations in the United States.
PRI was one of the main providers of programming for public radio stations in the US, alongside National Public Radio, Am... | [] | [
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"2019 disestablishments in Minnesota",
"2012 merg... | |
projected-00309808-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20Radio%20International | Public Radio International | Background | Public Radio International (PRI) was an American public radio organization. Headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota, PRI provided programming to over 850 public radio stations in the United States.
PRI was one of the main providers of programming for public radio stations in the US, alongside National Public Radio, Am... | In the United States, PRI distributed well-known programming to public radio stations. Among its programs were the global news program The World, which PRI co-produced with WGBH Boston. Programs on PRI—sometimes mis-attributed to National Public Radio—were produced by a variety of organizations, including PRI in the Un... | [] | [
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"2019 disestablishments in Minnesota",
"2012 merg... |
projected-00309808-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20Radio%20International | Public Radio International | History | Public Radio International (PRI) was an American public radio organization. Headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota, PRI provided programming to over 850 public radio stations in the United States.
PRI was one of the main providers of programming for public radio stations in the US, alongside National Public Radio, Am... | PRI was founded in 1983 as American Public Radio as an alternative to NPR for public radio program distribution. Five stations established American Public Radio as a syndicate: the Minnesota Public Radio network, KQED/San Francisco, WNYC/New York City, WGUC/Cincinnati, and KUSC in Los Angeles. The corporation changed i... | [] | [
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"Podcasting companies",
"This American Life",
"Radio stations established in 1983",
"1983 establishments in Minnesota",
"2019 disestablishments in Minnesota",
"2012 merg... |
projected-00309808-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20Radio%20International | Public Radio International | Recent program launches and firsts | Public Radio International (PRI) was an American public radio organization. Headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota, PRI provided programming to over 850 public radio stations in the United States.
PRI was one of the main providers of programming for public radio stations in the US, alongside National Public Radio, Am... | In 1995: PRI launches Classical 24, public radio's first 24-hour classical music service, as a co-production with Minnesota Public Radio.
In 1996: PRI's The World premieres, presenting issues and events "through a global lens" to American audiences. Co-produced by PRI with BBC World Service and WGBH Radio Boston, it w... | [] | [
"Recent program launches and firsts"
] | [
"Public Radio International",
"Corporation for Public Broadcasting",
"Sirius Satellite Radio channels",
"Peabody Award winners",
"Podcasting companies",
"This American Life",
"Radio stations established in 1983",
"1983 establishments in Minnesota",
"2019 disestablishments in Minnesota",
"2012 merg... |
projected-00309808-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20Radio%20International | Public Radio International | Relationship with NPR | Public Radio International (PRI) was an American public radio organization. Headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota, PRI provided programming to over 850 public radio stations in the United States.
PRI was one of the main providers of programming for public radio stations in the US, alongside National Public Radio, Am... | Public radio is a generic term for non-commercial radio stations or programming that are covered under the Public Broadcasting Act. Public radio organizations receive funding from corporate sponsors, public (e.g., Corporation for Public Broadcasting) and private foundation grants as well as donations and gifts from ind... | [] | [
"Relationship with NPR"
] | [
"Public Radio International",
"Corporation for Public Broadcasting",
"Sirius Satellite Radio channels",
"Peabody Award winners",
"Podcasting companies",
"This American Life",
"Radio stations established in 1983",
"1983 establishments in Minnesota",
"2019 disestablishments in Minnesota",
"2012 merg... |