Search is not available for this dataset
text_id
stringlengths
22
22
page_url
stringlengths
31
389
page_title
stringlengths
1
250
section_title
stringlengths
0
4.67k
context_page_description
stringlengths
0
108k
context_section_description
stringlengths
1
187k
media
list
hierachy
list
category
list
projected-00309808-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20Radio%20International
Public Radio International
See also
Public Radio International (PRI) was an American public radio organization. Headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota, PRI provided programming to over 850 public radio stations in the United States. PRI was one of the main providers of programming for public radio stations in the US, alongside National Public Radio, Am...
American Public Media National Public Radio Public Broadcasting Service List of United States radio networks The Corporation for Public Broadcasting
[]
[ "See also" ]
[ "Public Radio International", "Corporation for Public Broadcasting", "Sirius Satellite Radio channels", "Peabody Award winners", "Podcasting companies", "This American Life", "Radio stations established in 1983", "1983 establishments in Minnesota", "2019 disestablishments in Minnesota", "2012 merg...
projected-00309808-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20Radio%20International
Public Radio International
References
Public Radio International (PRI) was an American public radio organization. Headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota, PRI provided programming to over 850 public radio stations in the United States. PRI was one of the main providers of programming for public radio stations in the US, alongside National Public Radio, Am...
Category:Corporation for Public Broadcasting Category:Sirius Satellite Radio channels Category:Peabody Award winners Category:Podcasting companies Category:This American Life Category:Radio stations established in 1983 Category:1983 establishments in Minnesota Category:2019 disestablishments in Minnesota Category:2012 ...
[]
[ "References" ]
[ "Public Radio International", "Corporation for Public Broadcasting", "Sirius Satellite Radio channels", "Peabody Award winners", "Podcasting companies", "This American Life", "Radio stations established in 1983", "1983 establishments in Minnesota", "2019 disestablishments in Minnesota", "2012 merg...
projected-00309810-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom%20of%20Thessalonica
Kingdom of Thessalonica
Introduction
The Kingdom of Thessalonica () was a short-lived Crusader State founded after the Fourth Crusade over conquered Byzantine lands in Macedonia and Thessaly.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Kingdom of Thessalonica", "States and territories established in 1204", "1224 disestablishments", "Former countries in the Balkans", "Former vassal states", "States of Frankish and Latin Greece", "13th century in Greece", "Lists of nobility of the Crusader states", "Former kingdoms" ]
projected-00309810-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom%20of%20Thessalonica
Kingdom of Thessalonica
Background
The Kingdom of Thessalonica () was a short-lived Crusader State founded after the Fourth Crusade over conquered Byzantine lands in Macedonia and Thessaly.
After the fall of Constantinople to the crusaders in 1204, Boniface of Montferrat, the leader of the crusade, was expected by both the Crusaders and the defeated Byzantines to become the new emperor. However, the Venetians felt that Boniface was too closely tied to the Byzantine Empire, as his brother Conrad had marrie...
[]
[ "History", "Background" ]
[ "Kingdom of Thessalonica", "States and territories established in 1204", "1224 disestablishments", "Former countries in the Balkans", "Former vassal states", "States of Frankish and Latin Greece", "13th century in Greece", "Lists of nobility of the Crusader states", "Former kingdoms" ]
projected-00309810-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom%20of%20Thessalonica
Kingdom of Thessalonica
Establishment
The Kingdom of Thessalonica () was a short-lived Crusader State founded after the Fourth Crusade over conquered Byzantine lands in Macedonia and Thessaly.
Boniface reluctantly accepted this, and set out to conquer Thessalonica, the second-largest Byzantine city after Constantinople. At first he had to compete with Emperor Baldwin, who also wanted the city. He then went on to capture the city later in 1204 and set up a kingdom there, subordinate to Baldwin, although the t...
[]
[ "History", "Establishment" ]
[ "Kingdom of Thessalonica", "States and territories established in 1204", "1224 disestablishments", "Former countries in the Balkans", "Former vassal states", "States of Frankish and Latin Greece", "13th century in Greece", "Lists of nobility of the Crusader states", "Former kingdoms" ]
projected-00309810-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom%20of%20Thessalonica
Kingdom of Thessalonica
The Lombard Rebellion
The Kingdom of Thessalonica () was a short-lived Crusader State founded after the Fourth Crusade over conquered Byzantine lands in Macedonia and Thessaly.
Boniface's rule lasted less than two years before he was ambushed by Tsar Kaloyan of Bulgaria and killed on September 4, 1207. The kingdom passed to Boniface's son Demetrius, who was still a baby, so actual power was held by various minor nobles of Lombard origin. These nobles, under the regent Oberto, began plotting t...
[]
[ "History", "The Lombard Rebellion" ]
[ "Kingdom of Thessalonica", "States and territories established in 1204", "1224 disestablishments", "Former countries in the Balkans", "Former vassal states", "States of Frankish and Latin Greece", "13th century in Greece", "Lists of nobility of the Crusader states", "Former kingdoms" ]
projected-00309810-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom%20of%20Thessalonica
Kingdom of Thessalonica
War with Epirus and fall
The Kingdom of Thessalonica () was a short-lived Crusader State founded after the Fourth Crusade over conquered Byzantine lands in Macedonia and Thessaly.
Taking advantage of this situation, Michael I of Epirus, a former ally of Boniface, attacked the kingdom in 1210, as did the Bulgarians. Henry of Flanders eventually defeated both, but after Michael's death in 1214, his brother and successor Theodore began anew the assault on the kingdom. Over the next nine years Theod...
[]
[ "History", "War with Epirus and fall" ]
[ "Kingdom of Thessalonica", "States and territories established in 1204", "1224 disestablishments", "Former countries in the Balkans", "Former vassal states", "States of Frankish and Latin Greece", "13th century in Greece", "Lists of nobility of the Crusader states", "Former kingdoms" ]
projected-00309810-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom%20of%20Thessalonica
Kingdom of Thessalonica
Titular claimants
The Kingdom of Thessalonica () was a short-lived Crusader State founded after the Fourth Crusade over conquered Byzantine lands in Macedonia and Thessaly.
The kingdom was claimed by titular kings of the house of Montferrat until 1284 and also by the dukes of Burgundy; Baldwin II of Constantinople had promised the title to Hugh IV should he regain the Latin Empire.
[]
[ "History", "Titular claimants" ]
[ "Kingdom of Thessalonica", "States and territories established in 1204", "1224 disestablishments", "Former countries in the Balkans", "Former vassal states", "States of Frankish and Latin Greece", "13th century in Greece", "Lists of nobility of the Crusader states", "Former kingdoms" ]
projected-00309810-008
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom%20of%20Thessalonica
Kingdom of Thessalonica
Bibliography
The Kingdom of Thessalonica () was a short-lived Crusader State founded after the Fourth Crusade over conquered Byzantine lands in Macedonia and Thessaly.
Category:States and territories established in 1204 Category:1224 disestablishments Category:Former countries in the Balkans Category:Former vassal states Category:States of Frankish and Latin Greece Category:13th century in Greece Category:Lists of nobility of the Crusader states Category:Former kingdoms
[]
[ "Bibliography" ]
[ "Kingdom of Thessalonica", "States and territories established in 1204", "1224 disestablishments", "Former countries in the Balkans", "Former vassal states", "States of Frankish and Latin Greece", "13th century in Greece", "Lists of nobility of the Crusader states", "Former kingdoms" ]
projected-00309811-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20MacDonald%20%28army%20officer%29
Donald MacDonald (army officer)
Introduction
Captain Donald MacDonald (c. 1724–1760) was a military officer who fought for France, for Charles Edward Stuart in Scotland, and later for Great Britain in Quebec.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Military personnel of the Jacobite rising of 1745", "78th Fraser Highlanders officers", "British military personnel killed in the Seven Years' War", "18th-century Scottish people", "Garde Écossaise officers", "British Army personnel of the French and Indian War", "1720s births", "1760 deaths" ]
projected-00309811-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20MacDonald%20%28army%20officer%29
Donald MacDonald (army officer)
Life
Captain Donald MacDonald (c. 1724–1760) was a military officer who fought for France, for Charles Edward Stuart in Scotland, and later for Great Britain in Quebec.
MacDonald (sometimes spelt MacDonell) was the second son of Ranald MacDonald, 18th Chief of Clanranald. When still young he was sent to France where he received a commission in the Royal-Ecossais Regiment of the French army. In 1745 he was sent by King Louis XV to assist Charles Edward Stuart in the Jacobite rising. M...
[]
[ "Life" ]
[ "Military personnel of the Jacobite rising of 1745", "78th Fraser Highlanders officers", "British military personnel killed in the Seven Years' War", "18th-century Scottish people", "Garde Écossaise officers", "British Army personnel of the French and Indian War", "1720s births", "1760 deaths" ]
projected-00309811-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20MacDonald%20%28army%20officer%29
Donald MacDonald (army officer)
Notes
Captain Donald MacDonald (c. 1724–1760) was a military officer who fought for France, for Charles Edward Stuart in Scotland, and later for Great Britain in Quebec.
Category:Military personnel of the Jacobite rising of 1745 Category:78th Fraser Highlanders officers Category:British military personnel killed in the Seven Years' War Category:18th-century Scottish people Category:Garde Écossaise officers Category:British Army personnel of the French and Indian War Category:1720s birt...
[]
[ "Notes" ]
[ "Military personnel of the Jacobite rising of 1745", "78th Fraser Highlanders officers", "British military personnel killed in the Seven Years' War", "18th-century Scottish people", "Garde Écossaise officers", "British Army personnel of the French and Indian War", "1720s births", "1760 deaths" ]
projected-00309812-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Introduction
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Funding and methodology
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
The official website of the SPE describes the experiment goal as follows: A 1997 article from the Stanford News Service described the experiment goal in a more detailed way: The study was funded by the US Office of Naval Research to understand anti-social behaviour. The United States Navy and the United States Mar...
[]
[ "Funding and methodology" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Publishing
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
Prior to publishing in American Psychologist and other peer-reviewed journals, the researchers reported the findings in Naval Research Reviews, International Journal of Criminology and Penalogy (IJCP), and the New York Times Magazine. David Amodio, psychology instructor at both New York University and the University of...
[]
[ "Publishing" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Recruitment and selection
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
After receiving approval from the university to conduct the experiment, study participants were recruited using an ad in the "help wanted" section of the Palo Alto Times and The Stanford Daily newspapers in August 1971: Seventy-five men applied, and after screening assessments and interviews, 24 were selected to parti...
[ "SPE1971-newspaper-ad.jpg", "SPE1971-screening_applicants.jpg" ]
[ "Preparation", "Recruitment and selection" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Prison environment
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
The day before the experiment began, small mock prison cells were set up to hold three prisoners each. There was a small corridor for the prison yard, a closet for solitary confinement, and a bigger room across from the prisoners for the guards and warden. The experiment was conducted in a section of the basement of...
[ "SPE1971-prisoners_in_bed_in-cell.jpg" ]
[ "Preparation", "Prison environment" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Roles
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
Zimbardo took on the role of the Superintendent and an undergraduate research assistant, David Jaffe, took on the role of the Warden. Digitized recordings available on the official SPE website were widely discussed in 2018, particularly one where warden David Jaffe tried to influence the behavior of one of the guards ...
[]
[ "Preparation", "Roles" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Orientation
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
The researchers held an orientation session for the guards the day before the experiment began, during which "guards" were instructed not to harm the prisoners physically or withhold food or drink, but to maintain law and order. The researchers provided the guards with wooden batons to establish their status, deindivid...
[]
[ "Preparation", "Roles", "Orientation" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-008
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Demand characteristics
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
The study was criticized in 2013 for demand characteristics by psychologist Peter Gray, who argued that participants in psychological experiments are more likely to do what they believe the researchers want them to do, and specifically in the case of the SPE, "to act out their stereotyped views of what prisoners and gu...
[]
[ "Preparation", "Roles", "Demand characteristics" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-009
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Carlo Prescott as a prison consultant
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
In 2005, an article was published by Carlo Prescott in The Stanford Daily, explaining that the antagonistic tactics used by the guards were ones that he experienced during his time spent in San Quentin. He shared each one in detail with the researchers prior to the experiment. In Prescott's opinion, the participants in...
[]
[ "Preparation", "Roles", "Carlo Prescott as a prison consultant" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-011
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Saturday, August 14: Set up
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
The small mock prison cells were set up, and the participants who had been assigned a guard role attended an orientation where they were briefed and given uniforms.
[]
[ "Events", "Saturday, August 14: Set up" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-012
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Sunday, August 15: Day 1
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
The participants who had been assigned a prisoner role were mock-arrested by the local Palo Alto police at their homes or assigned sites. The participants were intentionally not informed that they would be arrested, as the researchers wanted it to come as a surprise. This was a breach of the ethics of Zimbardo’s own co...
[ "SPE1971-arrest-of-prisoner-8612.jpg" ]
[ "Events", "Sunday, August 15: Day 1" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-013
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Monday, August 16: Day 2
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
Guards referred to prisoners by their identification and confined them to their small cells. At 2:30 am the prisoners rebelled against guards' wake up calls of whistles and clanging of batons. Prisoners refused to leave their cells to eat in the yard, ripped off their inmate number tags, took off their stocking caps an...
[ "SPE1971_prisoner_lineup.jpg", "SPE1971-parole-hearing-day-2.jpg" ]
[ "Events", "Monday, August 16: Day 2" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-014
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Tuesday, August 17: Day 3
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
In order to restrict further acts of disobedience, the guards separated and rewarded prisoners who had minor roles in the rebellion. The three spent time in the "good" cell where they received clothing, beds, and food denied to the rest of the jail population. After an estimated 12 hours, the three returned to their ol...
[]
[ "Events", "Tuesday, August 17: Day 3" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-015
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Prisoner 8612
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
The first prisoner to leave the experiment was Douglas Korpi, prisoner 8612. After 36 hours, he had an apparent mental breakdown in which he yelled, "Jesus Christ, I'm burning up inside" and "I can't stand another night! I just can't take it anymore!" Upon seeing his suffering, research assistant Craig Haney immediatel...
[ "SPE1971-prisoner-breaks-down.jpg" ]
[ "Events", "Tuesday, August 17: Day 3", "Prisoner 8612" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-016
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Wednesday, August 18: Day 4
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
Witnessing that guards divide prisoners based on their good or rebellious behavior, the inmates started to distance themselves from one another. Rioters believed that other prisoners were snitches and vice versa. Other prisoners saw the rebels as a threat to the status quo since they wanted to have their sleeping cots ...
[]
[ "Wednesday, August 18: Day 4" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-017
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Thursday, August 19: Day 5
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
The day was scheduled for visitations by friends and family of the inmates in order to simulate the prison experience. Zimbardo and the guards made visitors wait for long periods of time to see their loved ones. Only two visitors could see any one prisoner and only for just ten minutes while a guard watched. Parents g...
[ "SPE1971-guards_walking_in_SPE_yard.jpg" ]
[ "Thursday, August 19: Day 5" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-018
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Friday, August 20: Day 6
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
Due to Maslach's objections, the parents' concerns, and the increasing brutality exhibited by guards in the experiment, Zimbardo ended the study on day 6. Zimbardo gathered the participants (guards, prisoners, and researchers) to let them know that the experiment was over, and arranged to pay them the full fee for 14 d...
[ "SPE1971 Jaffe, Hanley and Zimbardo.jpg", "SPE1971-debriefing-session-with-participants.jpg" ]
[ "Friday, August 20: Day 6" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-019
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Interpretation and reproducibility of results
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
According to Zimbardo's interpretation of the SPE, it demonstrated that the simulated-prison situation, rather than individual personality traits, caused the participants' behavior. Using this situational attribution, the results are compatible with those of the Milgram experiment, where participants complied with orde...
[]
[ "Interpretation and reproducibility of results" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-020
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
BBC prison study
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
Psychologists Alex Haslam and Steve Reicher conducted the BBC Prison Study in 2002 to examine Zimbardo's themes of tyranny and resistance, and published the results in 2006. It was a partial replication of the SPE conducted with the assistance of the BBC, which broadcast a documentary series about the SPE called The Ex...
[]
[ "Interpretation and reproducibility of results", "BBC prison study" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-021
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Legacy
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
One positive result of the study is that it has altered the way US prisons are run. For example, juveniles accused of federal crimes are no longer housed before trial with adult prisoners, due to the risk of violence against them. Zimbardo submitted a statement to the 1971 US House Committee on the Judiciary about th...
[]
[ "Legacy" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-022
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Comparisons to Abu Ghraib
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
When acts of prisoner torture and abuse at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq were publicized in March 2004, Zimbardo was struck by the similarity with his own experiment. He was dismayed by official military and government representatives shifting the blame for the torture and abuses in the Abu Ghraib American military pri...
[]
[ "Legacy", "Comparisons to Abu Ghraib" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-023
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
In popular culture
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
Italian filmmaker Carlo Tuzii was the first director to film a story based on the experiment when, in 1977, he directed the television film ('The cage'), for Rai 1. Tuzii's original story called for a group of twenty young people from various social backgrounds, who were randomly divided into "guards" and "prisoners" ...
[]
[ "Legacy", "In popular culture" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-024
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Ethical concerns
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
Some of the guards' behavior allegedly led to dangerous and psychologically damaging situations. Ethical concerns surrounding the experiment often draw comparisons to the Milgram experiment, conducted ten years earlier in 1961 at Yale University, where Stanley Milgram studied obedience to authority. With the treatment ...
[]
[ "Ethical concerns" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-025
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
Similar studies
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
In 1967, The Third Wave experiment involved the use of authoritarian dynamics similar to Nazi Party methods of mass control in a classroom setting by high school teacher Ron Jones in Palo Alto, California with the goal of vividly demonstrating to the class how the German public in World War II could have acted in the w...
[]
[ "Similar studies" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-026
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
See also
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
Person-situation debate Project MKUltra Rhythm 0 Trier social stress test Milgram experiment Unethical human experimentation in the United States Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil
[]
[ "See also" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309812-028
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20prison%20experiment
Stanford prison experiment
References
The Stanford prison experiment (SPE) was a psychological experiment conducted in the summer of 1971. It was a two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants' reactions and behaviors. Stanford University psychology professor Philip Zimbardo led the research...
Musen, K. & Zimbardo, P. G. (1991). Quiet rage: The Stanford prison study. Video recording. Stanford, CA: Psychology Dept., Stanford University. Zimbardo, P. G. (1971). "The power and pathology of imprisonment", Congressional Record (Serial No. 15, 1971-10-25). Hearings before Subcommittee No. 3, of the United Stat...
[]
[ "References" ]
[ "1971 in science", "1971 in California", "August 1971 events in the United States", "Academic scandals", "Conformity", "Group processes", "History of psychology", "Human subject research in psychiatry", "Human subject research in the United States", "Imprisonment and detention", "Psychology expe...
projected-00309817-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretenders%20%28album%29
Pretenders (album)
Introduction
Pretenders is the debut studio album by British-American band The Pretenders, released in 1979. A combination of rock and roll, punk and new wave music, this album made the band famous. The album features the singles "Stop Your Sobbing", "Kid" and "Brass in Pocket". Nick Lowe produced the Pretenders' first single, "St...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "The Pretenders albums", "1979 debut albums", "Albums produced by Chris Thomas (record producer)", "Albums produced by Nick Lowe", "Sire Records albums" ]
projected-00309817-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretenders%20%28album%29
Pretenders (album)
Release
Pretenders is the debut studio album by British-American band The Pretenders, released in 1979. A combination of rock and roll, punk and new wave music, this album made the band famous. The album features the singles "Stop Your Sobbing", "Kid" and "Brass in Pocket". Nick Lowe produced the Pretenders' first single, "St...
Pretenders debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart in the week of its release and stayed there for four consecutive weeks. It also made the top 10 on the Billboard 200 and was certified platinum during 1982 by the RIAA. Pretenders was remastered and re-released in 2006 and included a bonus disc of demos, B-sides ...
[]
[ "Release" ]
[ "The Pretenders albums", "1979 debut albums", "Albums produced by Chris Thomas (record producer)", "Albums produced by Nick Lowe", "Sire Records albums" ]
projected-00309817-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretenders%20%28album%29
Pretenders (album)
Critical reception
Pretenders is the debut studio album by British-American band The Pretenders, released in 1979. A combination of rock and roll, punk and new wave music, this album made the band famous. The album features the singles "Stop Your Sobbing", "Kid" and "Brass in Pocket". Nick Lowe produced the Pretenders' first single, "St...
In 1989, Rolling Stone ranked Pretenders the 20th best album of the 1980s. In 2012, Slant Magazine listed Pretenders at number 64 on its list of the best albums of the 1980s. Pretenders has been named one of the best albums of all time by VH1 (#52). In 2003, Rolling Stone ranked the album at number 155 on its list of ...
[]
[ "Critical reception" ]
[ "The Pretenders albums", "1979 debut albums", "Albums produced by Chris Thomas (record producer)", "Albums produced by Nick Lowe", "Sire Records albums" ]
projected-00309817-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretenders%20%28album%29
Pretenders (album)
Song notes
Pretenders is the debut studio album by British-American band The Pretenders, released in 1979. A combination of rock and roll, punk and new wave music, this album made the band famous. The album features the singles "Stop Your Sobbing", "Kid" and "Brass in Pocket". Nick Lowe produced the Pretenders' first single, "St...
"This is one of the most astonishing debut albums in the history of music," enthused author Michael Chabon. "On songs like 'Tattooed Love Boys', you're wondering, Who is Chrissie singing about when she says, 'I shot my mouth off and you showed me what that hole was for?' That was just one of those obsessive-listening r...
[]
[ "Song notes" ]
[ "The Pretenders albums", "1979 debut albums", "Albums produced by Chris Thomas (record producer)", "Albums produced by Nick Lowe", "Sire Records albums" ]
projected-00309817-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretenders%20%28album%29
Pretenders (album)
Personnel
Pretenders is the debut studio album by British-American band The Pretenders, released in 1979. A combination of rock and roll, punk and new wave music, this album made the band famous. The album features the singles "Stop Your Sobbing", "Kid" and "Brass in Pocket". Nick Lowe produced the Pretenders' first single, "St...
The Pretenders Chrissie Hynde – lead vocals, rhythm guitars, backing vocals (except CD1, track 5) Martin Chambers – drums, percussion, backing vocals Pete Farndon – bass guitar, backing vocals James Honeyman-Scott – lead and rhythm guitars, keyboards, backing vocals Additional musicians Fred Berk – bass guitar on CD2,...
[]
[ "Personnel" ]
[ "The Pretenders albums", "1979 debut albums", "Albums produced by Chris Thomas (record producer)", "Albums produced by Nick Lowe", "Sire Records albums" ]
projected-00309817-010
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretenders%20%28album%29
Pretenders (album)
References
Pretenders is the debut studio album by British-American band The Pretenders, released in 1979. A combination of rock and roll, punk and new wave music, this album made the band famous. The album features the singles "Stop Your Sobbing", "Kid" and "Brass in Pocket". Nick Lowe produced the Pretenders' first single, "St...
Category:The Pretenders albums Category:1979 debut albums Category:Albums produced by Chris Thomas (record producer) Category:Albums produced by Nick Lowe Category:Sire Records albums
[]
[ "References" ]
[ "The Pretenders albums", "1979 debut albums", "Albums produced by Chris Thomas (record producer)", "Albums produced by Nick Lowe", "Sire Records albums" ]
projected-00309819-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feni%20District
Feni District
Introduction
Feni is a district located in southeastern Bangladesh. It was a part of the Greater Noakhali, Comilla, Chittagong and Tripura. , the district's estimated population stood at 1,437,371, making it the ninth-most populous district in Chittagong Division. The administrative hub of the district is in Feni City, which also s...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Feni District", "Districts of Chittagong Division", "Districts of Bangladesh" ]
projected-00309819-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feni%20District
Feni District
History
Feni is a district located in southeastern Bangladesh. It was a part of the Greater Noakhali, Comilla, Chittagong and Tripura. , the district's estimated population stood at 1,437,371, making it the ninth-most populous district in Chittagong Division. The administrative hub of the district is in Feni City, which also s...
In the opinion of most historians, the area of this district is more ancient than the other areas of the greater Noakhali region. Many archaeological antiquities were found in this district which proves the claim. In ancient times, maximum area of the Noakhali region was under water except this area. Before 1984, it w...
[]
[ "History" ]
[ "Feni District", "Districts of Chittagong Division", "Districts of Bangladesh" ]
projected-00309819-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feni%20District
Feni District
Etymology
Feni is a district located in southeastern Bangladesh. It was a part of the Greater Noakhali, Comilla, Chittagong and Tripura. , the district's estimated population stood at 1,437,371, making it the ninth-most populous district in Chittagong Division. The administrative hub of the district is in Feni City, which also s...
The name "Feni" was derived from Feni river. The name "Feni" ( ফেনী in Bengali language) can be found in the literary works of poets during the 16th century as river stream and as a ghat for ferry crossing. Kbindra Parameshwar used the word describing the description of Paragalpur. In 17th century, in the Persian book ...
[]
[ "Etymology" ]
[ "Feni District", "Districts of Chittagong Division", "Districts of Bangladesh" ]
projected-00309819-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feni%20District
Feni District
Geography
Feni is a district located in southeastern Bangladesh. It was a part of the Greater Noakhali, Comilla, Chittagong and Tripura. , the district's estimated population stood at 1,437,371, making it the ninth-most populous district in Chittagong Division. The administrative hub of the district is in Feni City, which also s...
Feni has a total area of 928.34 km2. It has boundaries with Comilla District and Tripura state of India in the north, Chittagong District and Bay of Bengal in the south, Chittagong District and Tripura state in the east and Noakhali District in the west. Feni District has 6 upazilas and 43 unions. Feni, Mahuri, Kuhuri,...
[]
[ "Geography" ]
[ "Feni District", "Districts of Chittagong Division", "Districts of Bangladesh" ]
projected-00309819-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feni%20District
Feni District
Administration
Feni is a district located in southeastern Bangladesh. It was a part of the Greater Noakhali, Comilla, Chittagong and Tripura. , the district's estimated population stood at 1,437,371, making it the ninth-most populous district in Chittagong Division. The administrative hub of the district is in Feni City, which also s...
Feni District has 6 upazilas, 6 thanas, 5 municipalities, 43 unions, 564 villages and 540 mouzas.
[]
[ "Administration" ]
[ "Feni District", "Districts of Chittagong Division", "Districts of Bangladesh" ]
projected-00309819-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feni%20District
Feni District
Demographics
Feni is a district located in southeastern Bangladesh. It was a part of the Greater Noakhali, Comilla, Chittagong and Tripura. , the district's estimated population stood at 1,437,371, making it the ninth-most populous district in Chittagong Division. The administrative hub of the district is in Feni City, which also s...
According to the 2011 Bangladesh census, Feni District had a population of 1,437,371, of which 694,128 were males and 743,243 females. Rural population was 1,143,629 (79.56%) while the urban population was 293,742 (20.44%). Feni district had a literacy rate of 59.63% for the population 7 years and above: 61.11% for mal...
[ "Star_and_Crescent.svg", "Om.svg" ]
[ "Demographics" ]
[ "Feni District", "Districts of Chittagong Division", "Districts of Bangladesh" ]
projected-00309819-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feni%20District
Feni District
Economy
Feni is a district located in southeastern Bangladesh. It was a part of the Greater Noakhali, Comilla, Chittagong and Tripura. , the district's estimated population stood at 1,437,371, making it the ninth-most populous district in Chittagong Division. The administrative hub of the district is in Feni City, which also s...
The main occupation of the people of the district are agriculture & Foreign Remittance. The main source of incomes are: agriculture 21%, non-agricultural labourer 2.57%, industry 35%, commerce 15.98%, transport and communication 4.66%, construction 1.86%, religious service 0.43%, rent and remittance 11.53% and others 1...
[]
[ "Economy" ]
[ "Feni District", "Districts of Chittagong Division", "Districts of Bangladesh" ]
projected-00309819-007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feni%20District
Feni District
Education
Feni is a district located in southeastern Bangladesh. It was a part of the Greater Noakhali, Comilla, Chittagong and Tripura. , the district's estimated population stood at 1,437,371, making it the ninth-most populous district in Chittagong Division. The administrative hub of the district is in Feni City, which also s...
The literacy rate of the district is 59.60%. There are many of degree college, 10 higher secondary colleges, one girls' cadet college, one polytechnic institute, one computer institute, 155 high schools, 19 junior secondary schools, 97 madrasas, one teachers training college, one primary teacher's training institute an...
[]
[ "Education" ]
[ "Feni District", "Districts of Chittagong Division", "Districts of Bangladesh" ]
projected-00309819-008
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feni%20District
Feni District
Health
Feni is a district located in southeastern Bangladesh. It was a part of the Greater Noakhali, Comilla, Chittagong and Tripura. , the district's estimated population stood at 1,437,371, making it the ninth-most populous district in Chittagong Division. The administrative hub of the district is in Feni City, which also s...
There are one modern government general hospital, 5 upazila health complexes, one heart foundation hospital, one diabetic hospital, one chest disease clinic (Tuberculosis), one trauma center, one mother and child care center, one nursing training institute, 19 union health centers, 33 union family care centers and 114 ...
[]
[ "Health" ]
[ "Feni District", "Districts of Chittagong Division", "Districts of Bangladesh" ]
projected-00309819-009
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feni%20District
Feni District
Transport
Feni is a district located in southeastern Bangladesh. It was a part of the Greater Noakhali, Comilla, Chittagong and Tripura. , the district's estimated population stood at 1,437,371, making it the ninth-most populous district in Chittagong Division. The administrative hub of the district is in Feni City, which also s...
There is direct connection to the district from Dhaka. Total length of national highway is 31 km (Dhaka-Chittagong) and 20 km (Feni-Noakhali). Total length of concrete road is 1044.85 km, half-concrete road is 87.96 km and dirt road is 2,132.96 km. Star line travels, S. Alam travels, Keya travels, Saudia travels, Shyam...
[]
[ "Transport" ]
[ "Feni District", "Districts of Chittagong Division", "Districts of Bangladesh" ]
projected-00309819-010
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feni%20District
Feni District
Member of the 11th parliament
Feni is a district located in southeastern Bangladesh. It was a part of the Greater Noakhali, Comilla, Chittagong and Tripura. , the district's estimated population stood at 1,437,371, making it the ninth-most populous district in Chittagong Division. The administrative hub of the district is in Feni City, which also s...
Reference:
[]
[ "Member of the 11th parliament" ]
[ "Feni District", "Districts of Chittagong Division", "Districts of Bangladesh" ]
projected-00309819-011
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feni%20District
Feni District
Notable people
Feni is a district located in southeastern Bangladesh. It was a part of the Greater Noakhali, Comilla, Chittagong and Tripura. , the district's estimated population stood at 1,437,371, making it the ninth-most populous district in Chittagong Division. The administrative hub of the district is in Feni City, which also s...
Abul Kalam Azad Chowdhury former Vice Chancellor of the University of Dhaka Anwarullah Chowdhury Vice-chancellor of the University of Dhaka Aurangzeb Chowdhury, Chief of Navy Habibullah Bahar Chowdhury, first health minister of East Pakistan, one of the founders of Mohammedan Sporting Club (Kolkata) Selim Al Deen, ...
[]
[ "Notable people" ]
[ "Feni District", "Districts of Chittagong Division", "Districts of Bangladesh" ]
projected-00309819-012
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feni%20District
Feni District
See also
Feni is a district located in southeastern Bangladesh. It was a part of the Greater Noakhali, Comilla, Chittagong and Tripura. , the district's estimated population stood at 1,437,371, making it the ninth-most populous district in Chittagong Division. The administrative hub of the district is in Feni City, which also s...
Khondoler misti
[]
[ "See also" ]
[ "Feni District", "Districts of Chittagong Division", "Districts of Bangladesh" ]
projected-00309828-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20IRC
Visual IRC
Introduction
Visual IRC (ViRC) is an open-source Internet Relay Chat client for the Windows operating system. Unlike many other IRC clients, nearly all of the functionality in ViRC is driven by the included IRC script, with the result that the program's behavior can be extended or changed without altering the source code.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Free Internet Relay Chat clients", "Internet Relay Chat clients", "Scripting languages", "Windows Internet Relay Chat clients" ]
projected-00309828-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20IRC
Visual IRC
History
Visual IRC (ViRC) is an open-source Internet Relay Chat client for the Windows operating system. Unlike many other IRC clients, nearly all of the functionality in ViRC is driven by the included IRC script, with the result that the program's behavior can be extended or changed without altering the source code.
Visual IRC (16-bit) – Released in 1995 for Windows 3.x, written by MeGALiTH. This program had many built-in features, but it was also scriptable with VPL (ViRC Programming Language), the predecessor to ViRCScript and Versus. Visual IRC '96 (and later Visual IRC '97, Visual IRC '98) – Released in 1996, written by MeGALi...
[]
[ "History" ]
[ "Free Internet Relay Chat clients", "Internet Relay Chat clients", "Scripting languages", "Windows Internet Relay Chat clients" ]
projected-00309828-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20IRC
Visual IRC
Versus
Visual IRC (ViRC) is an open-source Internet Relay Chat client for the Windows operating system. Unlike many other IRC clients, nearly all of the functionality in ViRC is driven by the included IRC script, with the result that the program's behavior can be extended or changed without altering the source code.
Versus is a scripting language originally developed for the IRC client Bisual IRC, and currently used with Visual IRC. It is similar in many ways to the scripting languages used by ircII and mIRC, as well as Tcl and C. The name "Versus" was chosen because it could be shortened to "VS", which was a common abbreviation ...
[]
[ "Versus" ]
[ "Free Internet Relay Chat clients", "Internet Relay Chat clients", "Scripting languages", "Windows Internet Relay Chat clients" ]
projected-00309828-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20IRC
Visual IRC
Script storage
Visual IRC (ViRC) is an open-source Internet Relay Chat client for the Windows operating system. Unlike many other IRC clients, nearly all of the functionality in ViRC is driven by the included IRC script, with the result that the program's behavior can be extended or changed without altering the source code.
Scripts are stored in files, usually with a file extension, though the .lib extension is sometimes used. A Versus script file simply contains statements to be interpreted when the script is loaded; any blocks defined in a script (see below) will replace blocks defined with the same name by previous scripts.
[]
[ "Versus", "Script storage" ]
[ "Free Internet Relay Chat clients", "Internet Relay Chat clients", "Scripting languages", "Windows Internet Relay Chat clients" ]
projected-00309828-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20IRC
Visual IRC
Blocks that can be defined in a script
Visual IRC (ViRC) is an open-source Internet Relay Chat client for the Windows operating system. Unlike many other IRC clients, nearly all of the functionality in ViRC is driven by the included IRC script, with the result that the program's behavior can be extended or changed without altering the source code.
Aliases are subroutines. They can be called from the command entry line of any window, or from other parts of the script. Aliases that return a value are called functions; an alias can determine whether it's expected to return a value, and then act as a function or a command appropriately. Classes are used in object-or...
[]
[ "Versus", "Blocks that can be defined in a script" ]
[ "Free Internet Relay Chat clients", "Internet Relay Chat clients", "Scripting languages", "Windows Internet Relay Chat clients" ]
projected-00309828-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20IRC
Visual IRC
Files
Visual IRC (ViRC) is an open-source Internet Relay Chat client for the Windows operating system. Unlike many other IRC clients, nearly all of the functionality in ViRC is driven by the included IRC script, with the result that the program's behavior can be extended or changed without altering the source code.
Scripts can access files with the functions $RandomRead() and $ReadLine(), and the commands CreateFile and AppendText. Scripts can also use the TStringList VCL class to read an entire text file into memory, manipulate it, and save it.
[]
[ "Versus", "Data storage", "Files" ]
[ "Free Internet Relay Chat clients", "Internet Relay Chat clients", "Scripting languages", "Windows Internet Relay Chat clients" ]
projected-00309828-007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20IRC
Visual IRC
Variables
Visual IRC (ViRC) is an open-source Internet Relay Chat client for the Windows operating system. Unlike many other IRC clients, nearly all of the functionality in ViRC is driven by the included IRC script, with the result that the program's behavior can be extended or changed without altering the source code.
All variables may contain up to 4 GiB of data. Variable names begin with a dollar sign ($) and an uppercase letter, lowercase letter, or underscore. Variables may contain any characters, although they are usually used for printable text. Local variables are set with the @L command and only exist in the context of the r...
[]
[ "Versus", "Data storage", "Variables" ]
[ "Free Internet Relay Chat clients", "Internet Relay Chat clients", "Scripting languages", "Windows Internet Relay Chat clients" ]
projected-00309828-008
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20IRC
Visual IRC
Associative arrays
Visual IRC (ViRC) is an open-source Internet Relay Chat client for the Windows operating system. Unlike many other IRC clients, nearly all of the functionality in ViRC is driven by the included IRC script, with the result that the program's behavior can be extended or changed without altering the source code.
Associative arrays map keys to values. Keys and values can contain up to 4 GiB of data with no limits on the allowed characters. Local, global, and stored array values can be set using the @L, @, and @S commands, and they behave just like the corresponding variables. When a stored array value is set, the entire array i...
[]
[ "Versus", "Data storage", "Associative arrays" ]
[ "Free Internet Relay Chat clients", "Internet Relay Chat clients", "Scripting languages", "Windows Internet Relay Chat clients" ]
projected-00309828-009
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20IRC
Visual IRC
Pseudovariables
Visual IRC (ViRC) is an open-source Internet Relay Chat client for the Windows operating system. Unlike many other IRC clients, nearly all of the functionality in ViRC is driven by the included IRC script, with the result that the program's behavior can be extended or changed without altering the source code.
Pseudovariables (or pvars) are similar in syntax to variables, but their values cannot be changed. The pvars $0 through $9 contain the parameters that were passed to the current routine, in order. $0 contains the routine's name, $1 contains the first word of the parameter string, and so on. The pvars $0- through $9- co...
[]
[ "Versus", "Data storage", "Pseudovariables" ]
[ "Free Internet Relay Chat clients", "Internet Relay Chat clients", "Scripting languages", "Windows Internet Relay Chat clients" ]
projected-00309828-010
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20IRC
Visual IRC
Code examples
Visual IRC (ViRC) is an open-source Internet Relay Chat client for the Windows operating system. Unlike many other IRC clients, nearly all of the functionality in ViRC is driven by the included IRC script, with the result that the program's behavior can be extended or changed without altering the source code.
Here is the Hello World code example: Alias HELLO TextOut > $C clBlack Hello, world! EndAlias Here is an example to count to ten: Alias TEN for (@l $i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++) TextOut > $C clBlack $i endfor EndAlias Here is an example to make everyone in the current channel an operator: Alias MASSOP foreac...
[]
[ "Code examples" ]
[ "Free Internet Relay Chat clients", "Internet Relay Chat clients", "Scripting languages", "Windows Internet Relay Chat clients" ]
projected-00309828-012
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20IRC
Visual IRC
Further reading
Visual IRC (ViRC) is an open-source Internet Relay Chat client for the Windows operating system. Unlike many other IRC clients, nearly all of the functionality in ViRC is driven by the included IRC script, with the result that the program's behavior can be extended or changed without altering the source code.
Forrest Stroud (8 April 2004) Visual IRC, WinPlanet Software Reviews
[]
[ "Further reading" ]
[ "Free Internet Relay Chat clients", "Internet Relay Chat clients", "Scripting languages", "Windows Internet Relay Chat clients" ]
projected-00309834-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%20Zicheng
Li Zicheng
Introduction
Li Zicheng (22 September 1606 – 1645), born Li Hongji, also known by the nickname, Dashing King, was a Chinese peasant rebel leader who overthrew the Ming dynasty in 1644 and ruled over northern China briefly as the emperor of the short-lived Shun dynasty before his death a year later.
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "1606 births", "1645 deaths", "People from Yan'an", "Assassinated people", "Deaths by blade weapons", "Revolutionaries", "Ming dynasty people", "Qing dynasty people", "Ming dynasty rebels", "Chinese emperors", "17th-century Chinese monarchs", "Politicians from Yulin, Shaanxi", "Monarchs kill...
projected-00309834-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%20Zicheng
Li Zicheng
Biography
Li Zicheng (22 September 1606 – 1645), born Li Hongji, also known by the nickname, Dashing King, was a Chinese peasant rebel leader who overthrew the Ming dynasty in 1644 and ruled over northern China briefly as the emperor of the short-lived Shun dynasty before his death a year later.
Li Zicheng was born in 1606 as Li Hongji to an impoverished family of farmers in Li Jiqian village, Yan'an prefecture, northeast Shaanxi province. Li Zicheng had a brother who was 20 years his senior and raised Li Zicheng alongside his son and Zicheng’s nephew, Li Guo. While Li Zicheng was literate, the source of his e...
[ "Southern Ming.png" ]
[ "Biography" ]
[ "1606 births", "1645 deaths", "People from Yan'an", "Assassinated people", "Deaths by blade weapons", "Revolutionaries", "Ming dynasty people", "Qing dynasty people", "Ming dynasty rebels", "Chinese emperors", "17th-century Chinese monarchs", "Politicians from Yulin, Shaanxi", "Monarchs kill...
projected-00309834-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%20Zicheng
Li Zicheng
Historiography
Li Zicheng (22 September 1606 – 1645), born Li Hongji, also known by the nickname, Dashing King, was a Chinese peasant rebel leader who overthrew the Ming dynasty in 1644 and ruled over northern China briefly as the emperor of the short-lived Shun dynasty before his death a year later.
Although the success of the Ming-Qing transition was attributed to the weakening of the Ming dynasty (exacerbated by Li Zicheng's rebellion), official historiography during the Qing dynasty regarded Li as an illegitimate usurper and outlaw. This view sought to discourage and demonize notions of rebellion against the Qi...
[]
[ "Historiography" ]
[ "1606 births", "1645 deaths", "People from Yan'an", "Assassinated people", "Deaths by blade weapons", "Revolutionaries", "Ming dynasty people", "Qing dynasty people", "Ming dynasty rebels", "Chinese emperors", "17th-century Chinese monarchs", "Politicians from Yulin, Shaanxi", "Monarchs kill...
projected-00309834-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%20Zicheng
Li Zicheng
In popular culture
Li Zicheng (22 September 1606 – 1645), born Li Hongji, also known by the nickname, Dashing King, was a Chinese peasant rebel leader who overthrew the Ming dynasty in 1644 and ruled over northern China briefly as the emperor of the short-lived Shun dynasty before his death a year later.
Li appears as a bandit in Baifa Monü Zhuan, a wuxia novel by Liang Yusheng, where the heroine comments he is worthy of being a king. Li is featured as a character in some of the works of Hong Kong wuxia writer Jin Yong (Louis Cha). Li's rebellion against the Ming dynasty is featured in Sword Stained with Royal Blood an...
[]
[ "In popular culture" ]
[ "1606 births", "1645 deaths", "People from Yan'an", "Assassinated people", "Deaths by blade weapons", "Revolutionaries", "Ming dynasty people", "Qing dynasty people", "Ming dynasty rebels", "Chinese emperors", "17th-century Chinese monarchs", "Politicians from Yulin, Shaanxi", "Monarchs kill...
projected-00309834-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%20Zicheng
Li Zicheng
In folklore
Li Zicheng (22 September 1606 – 1645), born Li Hongji, also known by the nickname, Dashing King, was a Chinese peasant rebel leader who overthrew the Ming dynasty in 1644 and ruled over northern China briefly as the emperor of the short-lived Shun dynasty before his death a year later.
There are many stories and folklore attributed to Li Zicheng. One such story claims that when Li Zicheng was young he killed one of his classmates and was promptly disowned by his family and shunned by his community.
[]
[ "In folklore" ]
[ "1606 births", "1645 deaths", "People from Yan'an", "Assassinated people", "Deaths by blade weapons", "Revolutionaries", "Ming dynasty people", "Qing dynasty people", "Ming dynasty rebels", "Chinese emperors", "17th-century Chinese monarchs", "Politicians from Yulin, Shaanxi", "Monarchs kill...
projected-00309846-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy%20Chicago
Judy Chicago
Introduction
Judy Chicago (born Judith Sylvia Cohen; July 20, 1939) is an American feminist artist, art educator, and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces about birth and creation images, which examine the role of women in history and culture. During the 1970s, Chicago founded the first feminist art prog...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "1939 births", "20th-century American artists", "20th-century American Jews", "20th-century American painters", "20th-century American sculptors", "20th-century American women artists", "21st-century American artists", "21st-century American Jews", "21st-century American women artists", "American ...
projected-00309846-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy%20Chicago
Judy Chicago
Early life and family
Judy Chicago (born Judith Sylvia Cohen; July 20, 1939) is an American feminist artist, art educator, and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces about birth and creation images, which examine the role of women in history and culture. During the 1970s, Chicago founded the first feminist art prog...
Judy Chicago was born Judith Sylvia Cohen in 1939, to Arthur and May Cohen, in Chicago, Illinois. Her father came from a twenty-three generation lineage of rabbis, including the Lithuanian Jewish Vilna Gaon. Breaking his family tradition, Arthur became a labor organizer and a Marxist. He worked nights at a post office ...
[]
[ "Early life and family" ]
[ "1939 births", "20th-century American artists", "20th-century American Jews", "20th-century American painters", "20th-century American sculptors", "20th-century American women artists", "21st-century American artists", "21st-century American Jews", "21st-century American women artists", "American ...
projected-00309846-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy%20Chicago
Judy Chicago
Education and early career
Judy Chicago (born Judith Sylvia Cohen; July 20, 1939) is an American feminist artist, art educator, and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces about birth and creation images, which examine the role of women in history and culture. During the 1970s, Chicago founded the first feminist art prog...
While at UCLA she became politically active, designing posters for the UCLA NAACP chapter and eventually became its corresponding secretary. In June 1959 she met and dated Jerry Gerowitz. She left school and moved in with him, for the first time having her own studio space. The couple hitchhiked to New York in 1959, ju...
[ "Pasadenalifesaversstudy.jpg" ]
[ "Education and early career" ]
[ "1939 births", "20th-century American artists", "20th-century American Jews", "20th-century American painters", "20th-century American sculptors", "20th-century American women artists", "21st-century American artists", "21st-century American Jews", "21st-century American women artists", "American ...
projected-00309846-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy%20Chicago
Judy Chicago
Name change
Judy Chicago (born Judith Sylvia Cohen; July 20, 1939) is an American feminist artist, art educator, and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces about birth and creation images, which examine the role of women in history and culture. During the 1970s, Chicago founded the first feminist art prog...
As Chicago made her name as an artist and came to know herself as a woman she no longer felt connected to the surname Cohen. This was due to her grief from the death of her father and the lost connection to her married name Gerowitz, after her husband's death. She decided to change her last name to something independen...
[]
[ "Education and early career", "Name change" ]
[ "1939 births", "20th-century American artists", "20th-century American Jews", "20th-century American painters", "20th-century American sculptors", "20th-century American women artists", "21st-century American artists", "21st-century American Jews", "21st-century American women artists", "American ...
projected-00309846-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy%20Chicago
Judy Chicago
1970s
Judy Chicago (born Judith Sylvia Cohen; July 20, 1939) is an American feminist artist, art educator, and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces about birth and creation images, which examine the role of women in history and culture. During the 1970s, Chicago founded the first feminist art prog...
In 1970 Chicago began teaching full-time at Fresno State College, hoping to teach women the skills needed to express the female perspective in their work. At Fresno she planned a class that would consist only of women and decided to teach off campus to escape "the presence and hence, the expectations of men." She taugh...
[]
[ "1970s" ]
[ "1939 births", "20th-century American artists", "20th-century American Jews", "20th-century American painters", "20th-century American sculptors", "20th-century American women artists", "21st-century American artists", "21st-century American Jews", "21st-century American women artists", "American ...
projected-00309846-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy%20Chicago
Judy Chicago
Womanhouse
Judy Chicago (born Judith Sylvia Cohen; July 20, 1939) is an American feminist artist, art educator, and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces about birth and creation images, which examine the role of women in history and culture. During the 1970s, Chicago founded the first feminist art prog...
Womanhouse was a project that involved Judy Chicago and Miriam Schapiro. It began in the fall of 1971 and was the first public exhibition of Feminist Art. Chicago and Schapiro had just founded the Feminist Art Program at the California Institute of the Arts, and chose 21 female students for the course. They wanted to s...
[]
[ "1970s", "Womanhouse" ]
[ "1939 births", "20th-century American artists", "20th-century American Jews", "20th-century American painters", "20th-century American sculptors", "20th-century American women artists", "21st-century American artists", "21st-century American Jews", "21st-century American women artists", "American ...
projected-00309846-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy%20Chicago
Judy Chicago
The Dinner Party
Judy Chicago (born Judith Sylvia Cohen; July 20, 1939) is an American feminist artist, art educator, and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces about birth and creation images, which examine the role of women in history and culture. During the 1970s, Chicago founded the first feminist art prog...
Inspired by Lerner, Chicago developed The Dinner Party, now in the collection of the Brooklyn Museum. It took her five years to create and cost about $250,000 to complete. First, Chicago conceived the project in her Santa Monica studio: a large triangle, which measures 48-feet by 43-feet by 36-feet, consisting of 39 pl...
[ "Judy Chicago The Dinner Party.JPG", "Judy Chicago The Dinner Party.jpg" ]
[ "1970s", "The Dinner Party" ]
[ "1939 births", "20th-century American artists", "20th-century American Jews", "20th-century American painters", "20th-century American sculptors", "20th-century American women artists", "21st-century American artists", "21st-century American Jews", "21st-century American women artists", "American ...
projected-00309846-007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy%20Chicago
Judy Chicago
Birth Project and PowerPlay
Judy Chicago (born Judith Sylvia Cohen; July 20, 1939) is an American feminist artist, art educator, and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces about birth and creation images, which examine the role of women in history and culture. During the 1970s, Chicago founded the first feminist art prog...
From 1980 - 1985 Chicago created Birth Project. The piece used images of childbirth to celebrate woman's role as mother. Chicago was inspired to create this collective work because of the lack of imagery and representation of birth in the art world. The installation reinterpreted the Genesis creation narrative, which f...
[]
[ "1970s", "Birth Project and PowerPlay" ]
[ "1939 births", "20th-century American artists", "20th-century American Jews", "20th-century American painters", "20th-century American sculptors", "20th-century American women artists", "21st-century American artists", "21st-century American Jews", "21st-century American women artists", "American ...
projected-00309846-008
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy%20Chicago
Judy Chicago
The Holocaust Project
Judy Chicago (born Judith Sylvia Cohen; July 20, 1939) is an American feminist artist, art educator, and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces about birth and creation images, which examine the role of women in history and culture. During the 1970s, Chicago founded the first feminist art prog...
In the mid-1980s Chicago's interests "shifted beyond 'issues of female identity' to an exploration of masculine power and powerlessness in the context of the Holocaust." Chicago's The Holocaust Project: From Darkness into Light (1985–93) is a collaboration with her husband, photographer Donald Woodman, whom she married...
[]
[ "1970s", "The Holocaust Project" ]
[ "1939 births", "20th-century American artists", "20th-century American Jews", "20th-century American painters", "20th-century American sculptors", "20th-century American women artists", "21st-century American artists", "21st-century American Jews", "21st-century American women artists", "American ...
projected-00309846-009
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy%20Chicago
Judy Chicago
Current work and life
Judy Chicago (born Judith Sylvia Cohen; July 20, 1939) is an American feminist artist, art educator, and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces about birth and creation images, which examine the role of women in history and culture. During the 1970s, Chicago founded the first feminist art prog...
In 1985 Chicago married photographer Donald Woodman. To celebrate the couple's 25th wedding anniversary, she created a "Renewal Ketubah" in 2010. In 1994 Chicago started the series "Resolutions: A Stitch in Time", completed over a six year period. The artwork was exhibited to the public at the Museum of Art and Design...
[]
[ "1970s", "Current work and life" ]
[ "1939 births", "20th-century American artists", "20th-century American Jews", "20th-century American painters", "20th-century American sculptors", "20th-century American women artists", "21st-century American artists", "21st-century American Jews", "21st-century American women artists", "American ...
projected-00309846-010
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy%20Chicago
Judy Chicago
Style and work
Judy Chicago (born Judith Sylvia Cohen; July 20, 1939) is an American feminist artist, art educator, and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces about birth and creation images, which examine the role of women in history and culture. During the 1970s, Chicago founded the first feminist art prog...
Chicago was inspired by the "ordinary" woman, which was a focus of the early 1970s feminist movement. This inspiration bled into her work, particularly in The Dinner Party, as a fascination with textile work and craft, types of art often culturally associated with women. Chicago trained herself in "macho arts," taking ...
[]
[ "Style and work" ]
[ "1939 births", "20th-century American artists", "20th-century American Jews", "20th-century American painters", "20th-century American sculptors", "20th-century American women artists", "21st-century American artists", "21st-century American Jews", "21st-century American women artists", "American ...
projected-00309846-011
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy%20Chicago
Judy Chicago
Through the Flower
Judy Chicago (born Judith Sylvia Cohen; July 20, 1939) is an American feminist artist, art educator, and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces about birth and creation images, which examine the role of women in history and culture. During the 1970s, Chicago founded the first feminist art prog...
In 1978 Chicago founded Through the Flower, a non-profit feminist art organization. The organization seeks to educate the public about the importance of art and how it can be used as a tool to emphasize women's achievements. Through the Flower also serves as the maintainer of Chicago's works, having handled the storage...
[]
[ "Through the Flower" ]
[ "1939 births", "20th-century American artists", "20th-century American Jews", "20th-century American painters", "20th-century American sculptors", "20th-century American women artists", "21st-century American artists", "21st-century American Jews", "21st-century American women artists", "American ...
projected-00309846-012
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy%20Chicago
Judy Chicago
Teaching career
Judy Chicago (born Judith Sylvia Cohen; July 20, 1939) is an American feminist artist, art educator, and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces about birth and creation images, which examine the role of women in history and culture. During the 1970s, Chicago founded the first feminist art prog...
Judy Chicago became aware of the sexism that was rampant in modern art institutions, museums, and schools while getting her undergraduate and graduate degree at UCLA in the 1960s. Ironically, she didn't challenge this observation as an undergrad. In fact, she did quite the opposite by trying to match – both in her artw...
[]
[ "Teaching career" ]
[ "1939 births", "20th-century American artists", "20th-century American Jews", "20th-century American painters", "20th-century American sculptors", "20th-century American women artists", "21st-century American artists", "21st-century American Jews", "21st-century American women artists", "American ...
projected-00309846-013
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy%20Chicago
Judy Chicago
Books by Chicago
Judy Chicago (born Judith Sylvia Cohen; July 20, 1939) is an American feminist artist, art educator, and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces about birth and creation images, which examine the role of women in history and culture. During the 1970s, Chicago founded the first feminist art prog...
The Dinner Party: A Symbol of our Heritage. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press/Doubleday (1979). . with Susan Hill. Embroidering Our Heritage: The Dinner Party Needlework. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press/Doubleday (1980). . The Birth Project. New York: Doubleday (1985). . Beyond the Flower: The Autobiography of a Feminist ...
[]
[ "Books by Chicago" ]
[ "1939 births", "20th-century American artists", "20th-century American Jews", "20th-century American painters", "20th-century American sculptors", "20th-century American women artists", "21st-century American artists", "21st-century American Jews", "21st-century American women artists", "American ...
projected-00309846-016
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy%20Chicago
Judy Chicago
Cited sources
Judy Chicago (born Judith Sylvia Cohen; July 20, 1939) is an American feminist artist, art educator, and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces about birth and creation images, which examine the role of women in history and culture. During the 1970s, Chicago founded the first feminist art prog...
Bloch, Avital and Lauri Umansky (eds.). Impossible to Hold: Women and Culture in the 1960s. New York: NYU Press (2005). . Felder, Deborah G. and Diana Rosen. Fifty Jewish Women Who Changed the World. Yucca Valley: Citadel (2005). . Lewis, Richard L. and Susan Ingalls Lewis. The Power of Art. Florence: Wadsworth (2008...
[]
[ "Cited sources" ]
[ "1939 births", "20th-century American artists", "20th-century American Jews", "20th-century American painters", "20th-century American sculptors", "20th-century American women artists", "21st-century American artists", "21st-century American Jews", "21st-century American women artists", "American ...
projected-00309846-017
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy%20Chicago
Judy Chicago
Further reading
Judy Chicago (born Judith Sylvia Cohen; July 20, 1939) is an American feminist artist, art educator, and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces about birth and creation images, which examine the role of women in history and culture. During the 1970s, Chicago founded the first feminist art prog...
Dickson, Rachel (ed.), with contributions by Judy Battalion, Frances Borzello, Diane Gelon, Alexandra Kokoli, Andrew Perchuk. Judy Chicago. Lund Humpries, Ben Uri (2012). . Levin, Gail. Becoming Judy Chicago: A Biography of the Artist. New York: Crown (2007). . Lippard, Lucy, Elizabeth A. Sackler, Edward Lucie-Smith ...
[]
[ "Further reading" ]
[ "1939 births", "20th-century American artists", "20th-century American Jews", "20th-century American painters", "20th-century American sculptors", "20th-century American women artists", "21st-century American artists", "21st-century American Jews", "21st-century American women artists", "American ...
projected-00309847-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Barnes%20%28disambiguation%29
John Barnes (disambiguation)
Introduction
John Barnes (born 1963) is a Jamaican-born English international former professional footballer and manager. John Barnes may also refer to:
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Human name disambiguation pages" ]
projected-00309847-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Barnes%20%28disambiguation%29
John Barnes (disambiguation)
Entertainment
John Barnes (born 1963) is a Jamaican-born English international former professional footballer and manager. John Barnes may also refer to:
John Barnes (film producer) (1920–2000), American producer, director, and writer John Barnes (film historian) (1920–2008), British historian John Barnes (musician) (born 1932), English jazz saxophonist and clarinettist John Barnes (author) (born 1957), American science fiction author
[]
[ "Entertainment" ]
[ "Human name disambiguation pages" ]
projected-00309847-002
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Barnes%20%28disambiguation%29
John Barnes (disambiguation)
Law
John Barnes (born 1963) is a Jamaican-born English international former professional footballer and manager. John Barnes may also refer to:
Gorell Barnes, 1st Baron Gorell or John Gorell Barnes (1848–1913), British lawyer and judge John Barnes (judge) (1859–1919), Wisconsin Supreme Court judge John P. Barnes (1881–1959), U.S. federal judge
[]
[ "Law" ]
[ "Human name disambiguation pages" ]
projected-00309847-003
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Barnes%20%28disambiguation%29
John Barnes (disambiguation)
Military
John Barnes (born 1963) is a Jamaican-born English international former professional footballer and manager. John Barnes may also refer to:
John Barnes (British Army officer) (1746–1810), army officer and politician John Sanford Barnes (1836–1911), United States Navy officer John Andrew Barnes III (1945–1967), United States Army Medal of Honor recipient
[]
[ "Military" ]
[ "Human name disambiguation pages" ]
projected-00309847-004
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Barnes%20%28disambiguation%29
John Barnes (disambiguation)
Politics
John Barnes (born 1963) is a Jamaican-born English international former professional footballer and manager. John Barnes may also refer to:
John Barnes (mayor) (1817–1889), mayor of Dunedin, New Zealand John R. Barnes (1833–1919), member of the Utah State Senate John Barnes (New South Wales politician) (1838–1915) J. Mahlon Barnes (1866–1934), American trade union functionary and activist John Barnes (Australian politician) (1868–1938), union official ...
[]
[ "Politics" ]
[ "Human name disambiguation pages" ]
projected-00309847-005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Barnes%20%28disambiguation%29
John Barnes (disambiguation)
Sports
John Barnes (born 1963) is a Jamaican-born English international former professional footballer and manager. John Barnes may also refer to:
John Barnes (manager) (1855–1929), Irish minor league baseball manager John Barnes (Australian cricketer) (1916-2011), Australian cricketer John Barnes (English cricketer) (1897–1945), English cricketer John Barnes (Irish cricketer) (1916–1943), Irish cricketer John Barnes (athlete) (1929–2004), American middle-di...
[]
[ "Sports" ]
[ "Human name disambiguation pages" ]
projected-00309847-006
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Barnes%20%28disambiguation%29
John Barnes (disambiguation)
Other people
John Barnes (born 1963) is a Jamaican-born English international former professional footballer and manager. John Barnes may also refer to:
John Barnes (monk) (died 1661), Benedictine monk John Arundel Barnes (1918–2010), Australian and British social anthropologist John Barnes (computer scientist) (fl. 1970s–2010s), programming language designer John Barnes, 5th Baron Gorell (born 1959), British chartered surveyor John H. Barnes, American architect
[]
[ "Other people" ]
[ "Human name disambiguation pages" ]
projected-00309847-007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Barnes%20%28disambiguation%29
John Barnes (disambiguation)
Other uses
John Barnes (born 1963) is a Jamaican-born English international former professional footballer and manager. John Barnes may also refer to:
John Barnes (department store), a department store in London
[]
[ "Other uses" ]
[ "Human name disambiguation pages" ]
projected-00309847-008
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Barnes%20%28disambiguation%29
John Barnes (disambiguation)
See also
John Barnes (born 1963) is a Jamaican-born English international former professional footballer and manager. John Barnes may also refer to:
Jack Barnes (disambiguation) Johnnie Barnes (born 1968), American football player Johnny Barnes (1923–2016), Bermudian eccentric Jonathan Barnes (disambiguation) John Spencer-Barnes (born 1961), English radio broadcaster and journalist for the BBC Barnes, John
[]
[ "See also" ]
[ "Human name disambiguation pages" ]
projected-00309849-000
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenelzine
Phenelzine
Introduction
Phenelzine, sold under the brand name Nardil, among others, is a non-selective and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class which is primarily used as an antidepressant and anxiolytic. Along with tranylcypromine and isocarboxazid, phenelzine is one of the few non-selective and irreversible...
[]
[ "Introduction" ]
[ "Monoamine oxidase inhibitors", "GABA transaminase inhibitors", "Hepatotoxins", "Phenethylamines", "Hydrazines", "Withdrawn drugs" ]
projected-00309849-001
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenelzine
Phenelzine
Indications
Phenelzine, sold under the brand name Nardil, among others, is a non-selective and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class which is primarily used as an antidepressant and anxiolytic. Along with tranylcypromine and isocarboxazid, phenelzine is one of the few non-selective and irreversible...
Phenelzine is primarily used in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Patients with depressive symptomology characterized as "atypical", "nonendogenous", and/or "neurotic" respond particularly well to phenelzine. The medication is also useful in patients who do not respond favorably to first and second-line...
[]
[ "Indications" ]
[ "Monoamine oxidase inhibitors", "GABA transaminase inhibitors", "Hepatotoxins", "Phenethylamines", "Hydrazines", "Withdrawn drugs" ]