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projected-23571559-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpVg%20Aurich | SpVg Aurich | History | SpVg Aurich is a German football club from the city of Aurich, Lower Saxony. | The club was founded on 14 July 1911 as the descendant of the city's first football club, Fußballvereinigung Aurich, established in 1909. In 1938, the club was merged with Mannerturnverein 1862 Aurich to create Turn- und Sport Aurich von 1862. The union lasted until 13 May 1951 when the two clubs went their separate ways.
Playing as TuS Aurich the club was part of the Gauliga Oldenburg-Friesland (I) in 1943–44 where they finished their campaign in fifth place. The club played just three matches in the war-shortened 1944–45 season.
After the breakup of TuS in 1951, SpVg advanced to the Oberliga Niedersachsen/Bremen in 1994 where earned a series of lower table finishes over the course of three seasons. The club was relegated after a 14th-place result in 1996–97. By the early to middle 2000s SpVg played in Landesliga (V) and the Bezirksliga (VI) until a 2007 championship there put it back in the Landesliga, which became sixth tier the next year. By 2012 it reached the Kreisliga Aurich/Wittmund (VIII) after two consecutive relegation places two seasons before, but went back to the Bezirksliga Wesewr Ems by winning its district championship. | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Football clubs in Germany",
"Football clubs in Lower Saxony",
"1911 establishments in Germany",
"Association football clubs established in 1911"
] |
projected-23571561-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Coy | Harry Coy | Introduction | Henry Frederick "Harry" Coy (4 February 1900 – 17 July 1962) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1920s.
Coy, who started his career at Port Melbourne in 1919, was signed up by Melbourne after two Victorian Football Association (VFA) seasons. He became Melbourne's full-back and was an important player in the 1926 premiership team. In the 1926 Grand Final, Coy kept Collingwood's Gordon Coventry to just two goals, despite the forward having kicked 81 goals for the year leading into the game. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1900 births",
"Melbourne Football Club players",
"Port Melbourne Football Club players",
"Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)",
"1962 deaths",
"People educated at Scotch College, Melbourne",
"Melbourne Football Club Premiership players",
"One-time VFL/AFL Premiership players"
] | |
projected-23571561-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Coy | Harry Coy | References | Henry Frederick "Harry" Coy (4 February 1900 – 17 July 1962) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1920s.
Coy, who started his career at Port Melbourne in 1919, was signed up by Melbourne after two Victorian Football Association (VFA) seasons. He became Melbourne's full-back and was an important player in the 1926 premiership team. In the 1926 Grand Final, Coy kept Collingwood's Gordon Coventry to just two goals, despite the forward having kicked 81 goals for the year leading into the game. | Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing. | [] | [
"References"
] | [
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"Melbourne Football Club players",
"Port Melbourne Football Club players",
"Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)",
"1962 deaths",
"People educated at Scotch College, Melbourne",
"Melbourne Football Club Premiership players",
"One-time VFL/AFL Premiership players"
] |
projected-23571567-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIAA | FIAA | Introduction | FIAA may refer to:
Federation of Indian Automobile Associations
Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries of Australia
Fellow of the Israel Association of Actuaries
Florida Interscholastic Athletic Association
Front Islamique Arabe de l'Azawad
Furnishing Industry Association of Australia
Future Instructors of America Association
First In Adoption Act
Fiaa may refer to :
an alternative spelling for Fih, Lebanon | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-44496716-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami%20Farag | Sami Farag | Introduction | Sami Farag Youssef (; September 1, 1935 – February 21, 2015) was an Egyptian lawyer, judge, prosecutor and Vice-President of the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt. He was viewed by many as one of the most influential Copts in modern history. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1935 births",
"People from Giza",
"20th-century Egyptian judges",
"Coptic Orthodox Christians from Egypt",
"2015 deaths"
] | |
projected-44496716-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami%20Farag | Sami Farag | Early life | Sami Farag Youssef (; September 1, 1935 – February 21, 2015) was an Egyptian lawyer, judge, prosecutor and Vice-President of the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt. He was viewed by many as one of the most influential Copts in modern history. | He was born in Nazlet El Seman in the Giza province. He later studied law at Cairo University. | [] | [
"Early life"
] | [
"1935 births",
"People from Giza",
"20th-century Egyptian judges",
"Coptic Orthodox Christians from Egypt",
"2015 deaths"
] |
projected-44496716-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami%20Farag | Sami Farag | Career | Sami Farag Youssef (; September 1, 1935 – February 21, 2015) was an Egyptian lawyer, judge, prosecutor and Vice-President of the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt. He was viewed by many as one of the most influential Copts in modern history. | He held the following offices:
Independent lawyer till February 1962.
Legal adviser to Banque Misr till September 1965.
Deputy General Prosecutor (1965-1973)
Judge and court president (1973-1981)
Prosecuting attorney in Faiyum (1981-1982)
Judge at the court of appeals (1982-1986)
Judge at the court of cassation (1986-1989)
Vice-President of the court of cassation (1989)
Vice-President of the Supreme Constitutional court of Egypt (1990-1999)
He is the person to have served the longest term (nine years) at the position of Vice-President of the Supreme Constitutional court of Egypt.
In 1995 he was appointed by President Mubarak to serve temporarily in the General Congregation Council of the Coptic Church. He was a very close and trusted friend of Pope Shenouda III. He would serve sometimes as the liaison between the government and the Church's leadership.
He represented Egypt 5 times at the Congress of the Conference of European Constitutional Courts.
In the 1996 Conference that was held in Budapest, his performance convinced the President of the Congress to name Egypt as an observant member at the Conference of European Constitutional Courts.
During his term at the Supreme Constitutional Court, he oversaw many cases involving the President of the Republic, the government and the Coptic Pope.
He trained and was the mentor of Egyptian President Adly Mansour. | [
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"JudgeSamiFaragWithPresidentAdlyMansour.jpg",
"Sami Farag's obituary at El-Ahram state newspaper.jpg"
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projected-44496716-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami%20Farag | Sami Farag | Personal life | Sami Farag Youssef (; September 1, 1935 – February 21, 2015) was an Egyptian lawyer, judge, prosecutor and Vice-President of the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt. He was viewed by many as one of the most influential Copts in modern history. | Sami Farag was the father of two sons and two daughters. He also left six grandchildren. | [] | [
"Personal life"
] | [
"1935 births",
"People from Giza",
"20th-century Egyptian judges",
"Coptic Orthodox Christians from Egypt",
"2015 deaths"
] |
projected-44496716-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami%20Farag | Sami Farag | Death | Sami Farag Youssef (; September 1, 1935 – February 21, 2015) was an Egyptian lawyer, judge, prosecutor and Vice-President of the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt. He was viewed by many as one of the most influential Copts in modern history. | On February 21, 2015, he died at the Anglo-American Hospital in Zamalek, Cairo.
President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi couldn't attend the funeral, so he sent General Mohamed Rostom to represent him instead.
Pope Tawadros II of Alexandria said after his death that Sami Farag was "a pious and great judge, a loyal servant to his church and his country." | [] | [
"Death"
] | [
"1935 births",
"People from Giza",
"20th-century Egyptian judges",
"Coptic Orthodox Christians from Egypt",
"2015 deaths"
] |
projected-44496716-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami%20Farag | Sami Farag | References | Sami Farag Youssef (; September 1, 1935 – February 21, 2015) was an Egyptian lawyer, judge, prosecutor and Vice-President of the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt. He was viewed by many as one of the most influential Copts in modern history. | Category:1935 births
Category:People from Giza
Category:20th-century Egyptian judges
Category:Coptic Orthodox Christians from Egypt
Category:2015 deaths | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1935 births",
"People from Giza",
"20th-century Egyptian judges",
"Coptic Orthodox Christians from Egypt",
"2015 deaths"
] |
projected-17327485-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle%20of%20Leiria | Castle of Leiria | Introduction | The Castle of Leiria () is a medieval castle in the civil parish of Leiria, Pousos, Barreira e Cortes, municipality of Leiria, district of Leiria. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Castles in Portugal",
"Castles in Leiria District",
"Buildings and structures in Leiria",
"National monuments in Leiria District"
] | |
projected-17327485-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle%20of%20Leiria | Castle of Leiria | History | The Castle of Leiria () is a medieval castle in the civil parish of Leiria, Pousos, Barreira e Cortes, municipality of Leiria, district of Leiria. | The castle of Leiria was built by D. Afonso Henriques for the purpose of creating a line of defense against the Arabs. In 1142 he reinforced the defense of the castle after regaining Leiria. D. Sancho I ordered erection of the walls of the castle in 1195. In 1324 D. Dinis ordered construction of the keep (Tower of Menagem) which was completed only during the reign of D. Afonso IV. In the early 16th century D. Manuel ordered a sacristy to be built between the main chapel and the bell tower.
Throughout the centuries the castle gradually lost its military value. It was badly damaged during the French invasion. At the end of the 19th century restoration of the castle started in 1915 by the initiative of Liga dos Amigos do Castelo. The restoration project was directed by Ernesto Korrodi between 1921 and 1933, and then by Baltazar de Vastro.
The castle hosted important events as the meetings of the first courts called by D. Afonso III; became the residence of D. Denis and Queen Elizabeth; transformed into a meeting venue for the new court in the reign of D. Ferdinand I and the marriage of D. João I's son D. Afonso was celebrated in this castle as well.
It has been listed as a National monument since 1910.
The castle was damaged by the 1969 earthquake. | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Castles in Portugal",
"Castles in Leiria District",
"Buildings and structures in Leiria",
"National monuments in Leiria District"
] |
projected-17327485-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle%20of%20Leiria | Castle of Leiria | Architecture | The Castle of Leiria () is a medieval castle in the civil parish of Leiria, Pousos, Barreira e Cortes, municipality of Leiria, district of Leiria. | The present configuration of the castle of Leiria was influenced by the 4 major construction periods: the 12th century's Romanesque, the 14th century's Gothic Dionysus, the early 15th century's Gothic Johannine and the restoration trends of late 19th and early 20th century.
The shape of the castle is irregular polygonal with solid walls and towers. Paços Reais (Royal Palace), the Church of Nossa Senhora da Pena, Menagem Tower, the former Collegiate space, and medieval barns are located inside the complex. The castle has 4 floors; the lower two floors are hardly seen from outside and are intended for domestic services. There is a large loggia with eight arches of twin capitals. The loggia has the panorama over the city and was used as a place for leisure and socializing. The loggia is accessed through a room called Royal Hall or Noble Hall which has a total area of 130 square meters used for receptions by monarchs.
Stonemasonry, brick and concrete were used in the construction. | [] | [
"Architecture"
] | [
"Castles in Portugal",
"Castles in Leiria District",
"Buildings and structures in Leiria",
"National monuments in Leiria District"
] |
projected-17327485-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle%20of%20Leiria | Castle of Leiria | See also | The Castle of Leiria () is a medieval castle in the civil parish of Leiria, Pousos, Barreira e Cortes, municipality of Leiria, district of Leiria. | Castles in Portugal
Castle of Alcobaça
Castle of Alfeizerão | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Castles in Portugal",
"Castles in Leiria District",
"Buildings and structures in Leiria",
"National monuments in Leiria District"
] |
projected-23571577-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1145%20papal%20election | 1145 papal election | Introduction | The 1145 papal election followed the death of Pope Lucius II and resulted in the election of Pope Eugene III, the first pope of the Order of Cistercians. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"12th-century elections",
"1145",
"Papal elections",
"1145 in Europe",
"12th-century Catholicism"
] | |
projected-23571577-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1145%20papal%20election | 1145 papal election | Election of Eugene III | The 1145 papal election followed the death of Pope Lucius II and resulted in the election of Pope Eugene III, the first pope of the Order of Cistercians. | Pope Lucius II, during the whole of his pontificate, had to face the municipal commune at Rome, hostile towards the secular rule of the popes in the Eternal City. The republican faction elected Giordano Pierleoni, brother of the former Antipope Anacletus II, to the post of senator, and demanded that Lucius relinquish all temporal matters into his hands. The pope refused and led a small army against the seat of the commune on Capitol. He was defeated and seriously wounded in this attack, and died on 15 February 1145 in the church of S. Gregorio in clivo scauri. The cardinals present at Rome quickly assembled in the church of San Cesareo in Palatio and on the very same day unanimously elected to the papacy Bernardo da Pisa, pupil of St. Bernard of Clairvaux, who was abbot of the Cistercian monastery of S. Anastasio alle Tre Fontane near Rome and probably did not belong to the College of Cardinals. The elect took the name of Eugene III. Due to hostility of the Roman people, his consecration took place in the monastery of Farfa on 18 February 1145. | [] | [
"Election of Eugene III"
] | [
"12th-century elections",
"1145",
"Papal elections",
"1145 in Europe",
"12th-century Catholicism"
] |
projected-23571577-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1145%20papal%20election | 1145 papal election | Cardinal-electors | The 1145 papal election followed the death of Pope Lucius II and resulted in the election of Pope Eugene III, the first pope of the Order of Cistercians. | There were probably 40 cardinals in the Sacred College of Cardinals in February 1145. Based on examination of the subscriptions of the papal bulls in 1145 and the available data about the external missions of the cardinals it is possible to establish that no more than 34 cardinals participated in the election:
Thirteen electors were created by Pope Innocent II, nine by Celestine II, eleven by Lucius II, one by Pope Callixtus II and one by Pope Paschalis II. | [] | [
"Cardinal-electors"
] | [
"12th-century elections",
"1145",
"Papal elections",
"1145 in Europe",
"12th-century Catholicism"
] |
projected-23571577-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1145%20papal%20election | 1145 papal election | Sources | The 1145 papal election followed the death of Pope Lucius II and resulted in the election of Pope Eugene III, the first pope of the Order of Cistercians. | Category:12th-century elections
Category:1145
1145
Category:1145 in Europe
Category:12th-century Catholicism | [] | [
"Sources"
] | [
"12th-century elections",
"1145",
"Papal elections",
"1145 in Europe",
"12th-century Catholicism"
] |
projected-23571579-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20Technology%20%28EP%29 | Human Technology (EP) | Introduction | The Human Technology EP is an extended play released by the composer BT in 2005 under the Human Imprint label. It contains two remixes of two different songs from BT's fourth studio album, Emotional Technology. The two songs remixed were "Knowledge of Self", a track featuring the Gang Starr rapper Guru, and "The Great Escape", a track featuring Caroline Lavelle, with remixes by Evol Intent and Alliance, respectively. It is BT's fifth EP and most recent to date. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"2005 EPs",
"BT (musician) EPs"
] | |
projected-23571579-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20Technology%20%28EP%29 | Human Technology (EP) | References | The Human Technology EP is an extended play released by the composer BT in 2005 under the Human Imprint label. It contains two remixes of two different songs from BT's fourth studio album, Emotional Technology. The two songs remixed were "Knowledge of Self", a track featuring the Gang Starr rapper Guru, and "The Great Escape", a track featuring Caroline Lavelle, with remixes by Evol Intent and Alliance, respectively. It is BT's fifth EP and most recent to date. | Category:2005 EPs
Category:BT (musician) EPs | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"2005 EPs",
"BT (musician) EPs"
] |
projected-44496718-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliniodes%20festivalis | Cliniodes festivalis | Introduction | Cliniodes festivalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by James E. Hayden in 2011. It is found in northern Colombia, where it has been recorded from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
The length of the forewings is for males and about 19 mm for females. The forewing costa is reddish brown and the basal area is reddish brown with black. The antemedial line is black with violet scales and the medial area has an orange anterior and a violet posterior. The hindwings are translucent white with black marginal band. Adults have been recorded on wing in January, February and from July to September. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Moths described in 2011",
"Eurrhypini"
] | |
projected-44496718-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliniodes%20festivalis | Cliniodes festivalis | Etymology | Cliniodes festivalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by James E. Hayden in 2011. It is found in northern Colombia, where it has been recorded from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
The length of the forewings is for males and about 19 mm for females. The forewing costa is reddish brown and the basal area is reddish brown with black. The antemedial line is black with violet scales and the medial area has an orange anterior and a violet posterior. The hindwings are translucent white with black marginal band. Adults have been recorded on wing in January, February and from July to September. | The species name refers to the colorful maculation and is derived from Latin festivus (meaning joyous). | [] | [
"Etymology"
] | [
"Moths described in 2011",
"Eurrhypini"
] |
projected-44496718-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliniodes%20festivalis | Cliniodes festivalis | References | Cliniodes festivalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by James E. Hayden in 2011. It is found in northern Colombia, where it has been recorded from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
The length of the forewings is for males and about 19 mm for females. The forewing costa is reddish brown and the basal area is reddish brown with black. The antemedial line is black with violet scales and the medial area has an orange anterior and a violet posterior. The hindwings are translucent white with black marginal band. Adults have been recorded on wing in January, February and from July to September. | Category:Moths described in 2011
Category:Eurrhypini | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Moths described in 2011",
"Eurrhypini"
] |
projected-44496728-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Magnetic%20Tree | The Magnetic Tree | Introduction | The Magnetic Tree () is a Chilean Spanish co-produced film written and directed by Isabel de Ayguavives and filmed in Chile.
The Magnetic Tree is Isabel de Ayguavives' debut feature film.
The film premiered at the 2013 San Sebastián International Film Festival. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Films shot in Chile",
"2013 films",
"Spanish drama films",
"2010s Spanish-language films",
"Films about immigration",
"Films set in Chile",
"Films about trees",
"2013 drama films",
"Chilean drama films"
] | |
projected-44496728-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Magnetic%20Tree | The Magnetic Tree | Plot | The Magnetic Tree () is a Chilean Spanish co-produced film written and directed by Isabel de Ayguavives and filmed in Chile.
The Magnetic Tree is Isabel de Ayguavives' debut feature film.
The film premiered at the 2013 San Sebastián International Film Festival. | Bruno is a young immigrant returning to Chile from Germany after a long absence. Bruno is staying in the house of his cousins in the country, where the whole family are gathered to bid the place a farewell, as it is about to be sold. They visit a place that he remembers fondly, the "Magnetic Tree" a local curiosity. The tree has a mysterious magnetic force, so powerful that it can pull cars toward itself.
The group, in a series of free and open conversations, reveal the feelings that come from a family relationship. | [] | [
"Plot"
] | [
"Films shot in Chile",
"2013 films",
"Spanish drama films",
"2010s Spanish-language films",
"Films about immigration",
"Films set in Chile",
"Films about trees",
"2013 drama films",
"Chilean drama films"
] |
projected-44496728-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Magnetic%20Tree | The Magnetic Tree | Cast | The Magnetic Tree () is a Chilean Spanish co-produced film written and directed by Isabel de Ayguavives and filmed in Chile.
The Magnetic Tree is Isabel de Ayguavives' debut feature film.
The film premiered at the 2013 San Sebastián International Film Festival. | Andrés Gertrúdix
Catalina Saavedra
Manuela Martelli
Gonzalo Robles
Juan Pablo Larenas
Daniel Alcaíno
Edgardo Bruna
Lisette Lastra | [] | [
"Cast"
] | [
"Films shot in Chile",
"2013 films",
"Spanish drama films",
"2010s Spanish-language films",
"Films about immigration",
"Films set in Chile",
"Films about trees",
"2013 drama films",
"Chilean drama films"
] |
projected-44496728-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Magnetic%20Tree | The Magnetic Tree | Production | The Magnetic Tree () is a Chilean Spanish co-produced film written and directed by Isabel de Ayguavives and filmed in Chile.
The Magnetic Tree is Isabel de Ayguavives' debut feature film.
The film premiered at the 2013 San Sebastián International Film Festival. | The movie is a Chilean-Spanish production by Dos Treinta y Cinco P.C, Parox, and Instituto de la Cinematografía y de las Artes Audiovisuales . | [] | [
"Production"
] | [
"Films shot in Chile",
"2013 films",
"Spanish drama films",
"2010s Spanish-language films",
"Films about immigration",
"Films set in Chile",
"Films about trees",
"2013 drama films",
"Chilean drama films"
] |
projected-44496728-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Magnetic%20Tree | The Magnetic Tree | Awards | The Magnetic Tree () is a Chilean Spanish co-produced film written and directed by Isabel de Ayguavives and filmed in Chile.
The Magnetic Tree is Isabel de Ayguavives' debut feature film.
The film premiered at the 2013 San Sebastián International Film Festival. | San Sebastian Film Festival Nominated: Kutxa – New Director Award | [
"Catalina Saavedra 2.jpg"
] | [
"Awards"
] | [
"Films shot in Chile",
"2013 films",
"Spanish drama films",
"2010s Spanish-language films",
"Films about immigration",
"Films set in Chile",
"Films about trees",
"2013 drama films",
"Chilean drama films"
] |
projected-44496728-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Magnetic%20Tree | The Magnetic Tree | Reception | The Magnetic Tree () is a Chilean Spanish co-produced film written and directed by Isabel de Ayguavives and filmed in Chile.
The Magnetic Tree is Isabel de Ayguavives' debut feature film.
The film premiered at the 2013 San Sebastián International Film Festival. | The film had generally positive reception.
Twitchfilm review: "The strongest element of the movie, written and directed by Isabel de Ayguavives, is how it manages to recreate that feeling of a family reunion, specially when it comes to Chile."
Cineuropa review: "Ayguavives has created a mosaic of different situations that combine to form a subtle reflection on that damned nostalgia that can sometimes end up weighing down too heavily on us."
The Hollywood Reporter: “Lively and intimate, it's a film made by someone whose interest in and compassion for her people is deep and forgiving.” Jonathan Holland, The Hollywood Reporter. | [] | [
"Reception"
] | [
"Films shot in Chile",
"2013 films",
"Spanish drama films",
"2010s Spanish-language films",
"Films about immigration",
"Films set in Chile",
"Films about trees",
"2013 drama films",
"Chilean drama films"
] |
projected-17327501-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists%20of%20habeas%20petitions%20filed%20on%20behalf%20of%20War%20on%20Terror%20detainees | Lists of habeas petitions filed on behalf of War on Terror detainees | Introduction | The United States has published multiple lists of the habeas corpus petitions filed on behalf of detainees apprehended in the course of its War on Terror.
It was the position of the Bush Presidency that none of these detainees were entitled to have writs of habeas corpus considered by the US Justice system.
But some jurists differed.
And several habeas corpus cases have been considered by the United States Supreme Court, or are scheduled to be considered by the Supreme Court.
| [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"United States habeas corpus case law"
] | |
projected-17327501-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists%20of%20habeas%20petitions%20filed%20on%20behalf%20of%20War%20on%20Terror%20detainees | Lists of habeas petitions filed on behalf of War on Terror detainees | Habeas petitions for detainees who have been repatriated | The United States has published multiple lists of the habeas corpus petitions filed on behalf of detainees apprehended in the course of its War on Terror.
It was the position of the Bush Presidency that none of these detainees were entitled to have writs of habeas corpus considered by the US Justice system.
But some jurists differed.
And several habeas corpus cases have been considered by the United States Supreme Court, or are scheduled to be considered by the Supreme Court.
| The Bush Presidency argued that Guantanamo detainees
who have been repatriated from Guantanamo should have their cases dismissed as moot.
The determination that these detainees were "enemy combatants" remain in effect. | [] | [
"Habeas petitions for detainees who have been repatriated"
] | [
"United States habeas corpus case law"
] |
projected-17327501-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists%20of%20habeas%20petitions%20filed%20on%20behalf%20of%20War%20on%20Terror%20detainees | Lists of habeas petitions filed on behalf of War on Terror detainees | See also | The United States has published multiple lists of the habeas corpus petitions filed on behalf of detainees apprehended in the course of its War on Terror.
It was the position of the Bush Presidency that none of these detainees were entitled to have writs of habeas corpus considered by the US Justice system.
But some jurists differed.
And several habeas corpus cases have been considered by the United States Supreme Court, or are scheduled to be considered by the Supreme Court.
| Guantanamo Bay attorneys
Guantanamo military commissions
OARDEC | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"United States habeas corpus case law"
] |
projected-44496742-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inveni%20David%2C%20WAB%2019 | Inveni David, WAB 19 | Introduction | (I have found David), WAB 19, is a sacred motet composed by Anton Bruckner in 1868. | [
"Kempele Church Paintings 2006 07 24.JPG"
] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Motets by Anton Bruckner",
"1868 compositions",
"Compositions in F minor"
] | |
projected-44496742-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inveni%20David%2C%20WAB%2019 | Inveni David, WAB 19 | History | (I have found David), WAB 19, is a sacred motet composed by Anton Bruckner in 1868. | Bruckner composed the motet on 21 April 1868 at the end of his stay in Linz. He wrote it for the 24th anniversary of the . The first performance occurred on 10 May 1868 as offertory of a mass of Antonio Lotti.
The manuscript is archived at the Linzer Singakademie (Frohsinn-archive). The motet was first published in band III/2, pp. 239–244 of the Göllerich/Auer biography. It is put in Band XXI/23 of the . | [] | [
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projected-44496742-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inveni%20David%2C%20WAB%2019 | Inveni David, WAB 19 | Music | (I have found David), WAB 19, is a sacred motet composed by Anton Bruckner in 1868. | }
The work is a setting of 46 bars in F minor for choir and 4 trombones.
The last 16 bars consist of an Alleluja, for which Bruckner drew his inspiration from the Hallelujah of Händel's Messiah, on which he often improvised on the organ. | [] | [
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projected-44496742-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inveni%20David%2C%20WAB%2019 | Inveni David, WAB 19 | Discography | (I have found David), WAB 19, is a sacred motet composed by Anton Bruckner in 1868. | The first recording occurred in 1959:
Martin Koekelkoren, Mastreechter Staar, Royal Male Choir Mastreechter Staar – 45 rpm: Philips 402 155 NE
Other recordings:
Joachim Martini, Junge Kantorei, Geistliche Chormusik der Romantik – LP: Schwarzwald MPS 13004, 1970
Martin Flämig, Dresdner Kreuzchor, Ave Maria – Anton Bruckner: Geistliche Chöre-Motets – CD: Capriccio 10 081, 1985
Hans-Christoph Rademann, NDR Chor Hamburg, Anton Bruckner: Ave Maria – CD: Carus 83.151, 2000
Dan-Olof Stenlund, Malmö Kammarkör, Bruckner: Ausgewählte Werke - CD: Malmö Kammarkör MKKCD 051, 2004
Michael Stenov, Cantores Carmeli, Benefizkonzert Karmelitenkirche Linz - CD/DVD issued by the choir, 2006.
Thomas Kerbl, Männerchorvereinigung Bruckner 08, Anton Bruckner, Männerchöre – CD: LIVA027, 2008
Philipp Ahmann, MDR Rundfunkchor Leipzig, Anton Bruckner & Michael Haydn - Motets – SACD: Pentatone PTC 5186 868, 2021 | [] | [
"Discography"
] | [
"Motets by Anton Bruckner",
"1868 compositions",
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projected-44496742-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inveni%20David%2C%20WAB%2019 | Inveni David, WAB 19 | Sources | (I have found David), WAB 19, is a sacred motet composed by Anton Bruckner in 1868. | August Göllerich, Anton Bruckner. Ein Lebens- und Schaffens-Bild, – posthumous edited by Max Auer by G. Bosse, Regensburg, 1932
Anton Bruckner – Sämtliche Werke, Band XXI: Kleine Kirchenmusikwerke, Musikwissenschaftlicher Verlag der Internationalen Bruckner-Gesellschaft, Hans Bauernfeind and Leopold Nowak (Editor), Vienna, 1984/2001
Cornelis van Zwol, Anton Bruckner 1824–1896 – Leven en werken, uitg. Thoth, Bussum, Netherlands, 2012.
Crawford Howie, Anton Bruckner - A documentary biography, online revised edition
Uwe Harten, Anton Bruckner. Ein Handbuch. , Salzburg, 1996. | [] | [
"Sources"
] | [
"Motets by Anton Bruckner",
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projected-44496747-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester%20Fort | Manchester Fort | Introduction | Manchester Fort is a retail park in the Cheetham Hill area of Manchester, United Kingdom. The property includes 36 units with a total floorspace of 325,000 sq ft. It opened in 2005 and its anchors included B&Q and TK Maxx.
Henderson Global Investors purchased Manchester Fort in 2011 from the Universities Superannuation Scheme pension fund. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Shopping centres in Manchester",
"Retail parks in the United Kingdom"
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projected-17327513-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjellgren%20Kaminsky%20Architecture | Kjellgren Kaminsky Architecture | Introduction | Kjellgren Kaminsky Architecture is an architecture firm based in Göteborg, Sweden. It works with architecture in its broadest meaning ranging from furniture to city planning, from theory to practice. In 2007, it won the international architect competition for a new dancehall/restaurant in Falsterbo (southern part of Sweden), which was inaugurated in 2009. The project won the Skånes Arkitekturpris. In 2021, Fredrik Kjellgren left the office, which was later run by Joakim Kaminsky under the name Kaminsky Arkitektur. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Architecture firms of Sweden",
"Companies based in Gothenburg"
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projected-17327513-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjellgren%20Kaminsky%20Architecture | Kjellgren Kaminsky Architecture | Publications | Kjellgren Kaminsky Architecture is an architecture firm based in Göteborg, Sweden. It works with architecture in its broadest meaning ranging from furniture to city planning, from theory to practice. In 2007, it won the international architect competition for a new dancehall/restaurant in Falsterbo (southern part of Sweden), which was inaugurated in 2009. The project won the Skånes Arkitekturpris. In 2021, Fredrik Kjellgren left the office, which was later run by Joakim Kaminsky under the name Kaminsky Arkitektur. | Ecological Architecture, Chris van Uffelen (ed.), Braun, 2009, p. 48-49
Desire, The shape of things to come, R. Klanten, S. Ehmann, A. Kupetz, S. Moreno, A. Mollard (ed.), Gestalten, 2008 | [] | [
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projected-17327513-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjellgren%20Kaminsky%20Architecture | Kjellgren Kaminsky Architecture | Notes and references | Kjellgren Kaminsky Architecture is an architecture firm based in Göteborg, Sweden. It works with architecture in its broadest meaning ranging from furniture to city planning, from theory to practice. In 2007, it won the international architect competition for a new dancehall/restaurant in Falsterbo (southern part of Sweden), which was inaugurated in 2009. The project won the Skånes Arkitekturpris. In 2021, Fredrik Kjellgren left the office, which was later run by Joakim Kaminsky under the name Kaminsky Arkitektur. | Carlsson, David Worlds first passive museum David Report, Accessed April 10, 2008
Bright, Christopher Swedish Prefab Dwell, Accessed May 19, 2008
Passive Houses Tropolism, Accessed Mars 05, 2008
Pirate Chair Designerblog, Accessed Mars 24, 2008
Kjellgren Kaminsky设计Passive Houses Interior Design, Accessed April 7, 2008
ArchDaily , September 24, 2011
Arkitektur, November 3, 2011 | [] | [
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"Architecture firms of Sweden",
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projected-23571580-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAS%20Airlines%20Flight%204226 | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 | Introduction | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Kano to Lagos, Nigeria. On 4 May 2002, the aircraft serving the route, a BAC One-Eleven 525FT with 69 passengers and 8 crew members on board, crashed into Gwammaja Quarters, a densely-populated residential area located approximately from the airport, and burst into flames, resulting in the deaths of 66 passengers and 7 crew. In addition, at least 30 civilians on the ground were killed. With a total of 103 fatalities, Flight 4226 is the deadliest aviation accident involving a BAC One-Eleven.
Nigerian Accident Investigation and Prevention Bureau attributed the disaster to pilot error. The aircraft overran the runway and rolled for few hundred meters, creating huge burst of dust which was eventually ingested by the engines. This limited the ability of the engines to deliver power and caused the aircraft to lose speed. The extended landing gear aggravated the condition and the aircraft eventually crashed due to the compromised airspeed. Due to the absence of usable flight recorders, the reasons for the crew to accidentally overrun the runway could not be determined. | [] | [
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projected-23571580-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAS%20Airlines%20Flight%204226 | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 | Aircraft | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Kano to Lagos, Nigeria. On 4 May 2002, the aircraft serving the route, a BAC One-Eleven 525FT with 69 passengers and 8 crew members on board, crashed into Gwammaja Quarters, a densely-populated residential area located approximately from the airport, and burst into flames, resulting in the deaths of 66 passengers and 7 crew. In addition, at least 30 civilians on the ground were killed. With a total of 103 fatalities, Flight 4226 is the deadliest aviation accident involving a BAC One-Eleven.
Nigerian Accident Investigation and Prevention Bureau attributed the disaster to pilot error. The aircraft overran the runway and rolled for few hundred meters, creating huge burst of dust which was eventually ingested by the engines. This limited the ability of the engines to deliver power and caused the aircraft to lose speed. The extended landing gear aggravated the condition and the aircraft eventually crashed due to the compromised airspeed. Due to the absence of usable flight recorders, the reasons for the crew to accidentally overrun the runway could not be determined. | The aircraft involved in the crash was a BAC One-Eleven 525FT with a registration 5N-ESF. The aircraft was manufactured in 1980 and was first delivered to TAROM with a Romanian registration of YR-BCN. It was later acquired by Inex-Adria Aviopromet and Ryanair through lease before it was returned to TAROM in 1989. In July 2001, the aircraft was acquired by EAS Airlines and the aircraft entered the fleet later in August. By the time of the crash, the aircraft had accumulated a total of 24,644 flight hours.
Two Rolls-Royce Spey turbofan engines powered the aircraft. The left engine was installed in 2000 while the right engine was installed recently in May 2, transferred from the aircraft's sister ship 5N-ESD. The last major maintenance check was conducted in January 2001. | [] | [
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projected-23571580-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAS%20Airlines%20Flight%204226 | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 | Passengers and crews | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Kano to Lagos, Nigeria. On 4 May 2002, the aircraft serving the route, a BAC One-Eleven 525FT with 69 passengers and 8 crew members on board, crashed into Gwammaja Quarters, a densely-populated residential area located approximately from the airport, and burst into flames, resulting in the deaths of 66 passengers and 7 crew. In addition, at least 30 civilians on the ground were killed. With a total of 103 fatalities, Flight 4226 is the deadliest aviation accident involving a BAC One-Eleven.
Nigerian Accident Investigation and Prevention Bureau attributed the disaster to pilot error. The aircraft overran the runway and rolled for few hundred meters, creating huge burst of dust which was eventually ingested by the engines. This limited the ability of the engines to deliver power and caused the aircraft to lose speed. The extended landing gear aggravated the condition and the aircraft eventually crashed due to the compromised airspeed. Due to the absence of usable flight recorders, the reasons for the crew to accidentally overrun the runway could not be determined. | Flight 4226 was carrying 69 passengers and 8 crew members, contrary to initial reports which claimed that the aircraft was carrying 105 passengers. Most of the passengers were Nigerian, with one Lebanese confirmed to be on board Flight 4226. BBC News stated that at least one British passenger was on the flight. Nigeria's Daily Trust reported that three French nationals were among those on board. A total of 23 passengers boarded the aircraft in Kano for Lagos, while 47 Lagos-bound passengers had boarded the aircraft in Jos, the aircraft's previous destination.
Among the passengers was Nigeria's Sport Minister Ishaya Mark Aku. He was on his way to attend the 2002 FIFA World Cup warm-up match between Nigeria and Kenya. Julie Useni and Danjuma Useni, the wife and son of former Minister of Federal Capital Territory Jeremiah Useni, were also onboard.
The commander of the flight was 49-year-old Captain Peter Abayomi Inneh with a flight hours of more than 14,000 hours, of which 7,000 hours were on the type. He joined EAS Airlines in 2000 and had been flying the BAC One-Eleven ever since. The co-pilot was 47-year-old First Officer Chris Adewole Adegboye. He had accrued a total of more than 8,000 flight hours, of which 3,350 hours were on the type. The flight engineers were Emmanuel Idoko and Muhammad Sarki. | [] | [
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projected-23571580-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAS%20Airlines%20Flight%204226 | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 | Accident | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Kano to Lagos, Nigeria. On 4 May 2002, the aircraft serving the route, a BAC One-Eleven 525FT with 69 passengers and 8 crew members on board, crashed into Gwammaja Quarters, a densely-populated residential area located approximately from the airport, and burst into flames, resulting in the deaths of 66 passengers and 7 crew. In addition, at least 30 civilians on the ground were killed. With a total of 103 fatalities, Flight 4226 is the deadliest aviation accident involving a BAC One-Eleven.
Nigerian Accident Investigation and Prevention Bureau attributed the disaster to pilot error. The aircraft overran the runway and rolled for few hundred meters, creating huge burst of dust which was eventually ingested by the engines. This limited the ability of the engines to deliver power and caused the aircraft to lose speed. The extended landing gear aggravated the condition and the aircraft eventually crashed due to the compromised airspeed. Due to the absence of usable flight recorders, the reasons for the crew to accidentally overrun the runway could not be determined. | Flight 4226 was a flight from Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport in the north of the country to Lagos Murtala Muhammed International Airport in the southwest. Before the flight to Lagos, the aircraft had flown to Jos in nearby Plateau State. When it arrived in Kano, a total of 36 disembarked in Kano and 47 people boarded the aircraft. The flight was expected to take-off at around 13:30 p.m with Captain Peter Inneh and First Officer Chris Adegboye as the pilots. The aircraft was carrying 69 passengers and 8 crew members.
The crew requested start-up clearance at 13:19 p.m and the aircraft started to move towards the taxiway. At 12:26 p.m, the aircraft was lined-up with the runway. Captain Peter jokingly stated: "FL280 () for EXW4226, ready for space travel" and the ATC cleared them for take-off from Kano's Runway 23 and gave the crew a brief information regarding the temperature and the weather ahead. After the ATC had completed the report, the crew commenced the take-off roll. | [] | [
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projected-23571580-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAS%20Airlines%20Flight%204226 | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 | Crash | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Kano to Lagos, Nigeria. On 4 May 2002, the aircraft serving the route, a BAC One-Eleven 525FT with 69 passengers and 8 crew members on board, crashed into Gwammaja Quarters, a densely-populated residential area located approximately from the airport, and burst into flames, resulting in the deaths of 66 passengers and 7 crew. In addition, at least 30 civilians on the ground were killed. With a total of 103 fatalities, Flight 4226 is the deadliest aviation accident involving a BAC One-Eleven.
Nigerian Accident Investigation and Prevention Bureau attributed the disaster to pilot error. The aircraft overran the runway and rolled for few hundred meters, creating huge burst of dust which was eventually ingested by the engines. This limited the ability of the engines to deliver power and caused the aircraft to lose speed. The extended landing gear aggravated the condition and the aircraft eventually crashed due to the compromised airspeed. Due to the absence of usable flight recorders, the reasons for the crew to accidentally overrun the runway could not be determined. | During the roll, the controller at the tower noticed that the aircraft was moving sluggishly, pacing much slower than usual. When it passed through the runway treshold, the nose had been in upward position but the landing gears still had not lifted off the ground. The aircraft ended up overrunning the runway end and struck two runway lights. As it overran the runway, burst of dust could be seen from the control tower. It then lifted off outside the runway, but before it could fully lifted off the ground the landing gears struck a ground depression, causing a violent impact that rattled the entire aircraft. The impact caused some parts of the ceilings to come down onto the floor. Following the impact, the aircraft was covered in massive burst of dust.
Even though the aircraft had successfully taken off from the runway, its airspeed began to drop and the crew was faced with an impending stall condition. Flight 4226 then began to swerve from side to side. Captain Peter reported to the control tower that he was having an engine failure. He could be heard saying "My take-off is difficult, I heard a sound on my right engine. The aircraft is wobbling. I think I'm in a difficult situation." The crew tried to avoid stalling the aircraft and decided to lower the nose, but their altitude was too low with houses could be seen from the cabin 'just mere meters from the aircraft'. Passengers inside the aircraft were panicking and screaming.
People on the ground who witnessed the aircraft coming towards them then scrambled to safety. The aircraft could not gain more altitude and failed to avoid obstacles. It then clipped a minaret of a mosque and then struck numerous houses and a local Islamic school on the ground. The aircraft then flew onto another mosque at full-force and burst into flames. Praying services were held at the local mosques and at least 100 students were in the school complex at the time of the crash. Many buildings collapsed, including the school and mosque. | [] | [
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projected-23571580-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAS%20Airlines%20Flight%204226 | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 | Immediate aftermath | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Kano to Lagos, Nigeria. On 4 May 2002, the aircraft serving the route, a BAC One-Eleven 525FT with 69 passengers and 8 crew members on board, crashed into Gwammaja Quarters, a densely-populated residential area located approximately from the airport, and burst into flames, resulting in the deaths of 66 passengers and 7 crew. In addition, at least 30 civilians on the ground were killed. With a total of 103 fatalities, Flight 4226 is the deadliest aviation accident involving a BAC One-Eleven.
Nigerian Accident Investigation and Prevention Bureau attributed the disaster to pilot error. The aircraft overran the runway and rolled for few hundred meters, creating huge burst of dust which was eventually ingested by the engines. This limited the ability of the engines to deliver power and caused the aircraft to lose speed. The extended landing gear aggravated the condition and the aircraft eventually crashed due to the compromised airspeed. Due to the absence of usable flight recorders, the reasons for the crew to accidentally overrun the runway could not be determined. | Dozens of students, worshippers and local residents were trapped inside the rubble. Eyewitnesses stated that people on the ground began to wail and scream, rushing to the crash site to search for their relatives trapped inside the rubble. According to eyewitness, they heard several calls for help from inside the aircraft. Meanwhile, flames began to quickly spread across the neighborhood. Firefighters reached the crash site within 10 minutes after the accident, but due to the large amount of onlookers and volunteers they couldn't swiftly conduct the rescue operation. The absence of water sources at the crash site and the hostile behaviour from the crowd towards the crew further worsened the situation. They rapidly rad out of water and foam and had to return to the airport to refill their supplies. Eventually, some of the victims who were trapped couldn't be saved from the blaze. The fire quickly spread, burning the trapped victims.
Three survivors were evacuated from the crash site and were immediately transported to the nearby hospitals in serious condition. The Lebanese passenger immediately got out of the aircraft's exit door and met with another survivor, who was found lying under a shed. The Lebanese was relatively unharmed, while the other survivor was seriously injured. They both managed to climb up the ruins of a house where they were located at and decided to jump to the roof of a house next door. Both were later taken to a nearby hospital by two local residents.
Due to the chaotic situation, soldiers and police officers were deployed to the area. Authorities stated that the local mortuaries had been filled to capacity due to the numbers of the dead and as a result corpses were piled on the floor. Some of the bodies were transported to the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. Off-duty emergency workers were called to work in response to the crisis of the disaster. | [] | [
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projected-23571580-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAS%20Airlines%20Flight%204226 | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 | Casualties | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Kano to Lagos, Nigeria. On 4 May 2002, the aircraft serving the route, a BAC One-Eleven 525FT with 69 passengers and 8 crew members on board, crashed into Gwammaja Quarters, a densely-populated residential area located approximately from the airport, and burst into flames, resulting in the deaths of 66 passengers and 7 crew. In addition, at least 30 civilians on the ground were killed. With a total of 103 fatalities, Flight 4226 is the deadliest aviation accident involving a BAC One-Eleven.
Nigerian Accident Investigation and Prevention Bureau attributed the disaster to pilot error. The aircraft overran the runway and rolled for few hundred meters, creating huge burst of dust which was eventually ingested by the engines. This limited the ability of the engines to deliver power and caused the aircraft to lose speed. The extended landing gear aggravated the condition and the aircraft eventually crashed due to the compromised airspeed. Due to the absence of usable flight recorders, the reasons for the crew to accidentally overrun the runway could not be determined. | In the aftermath of the crash, 103 people were killed, including 66 passengers and 7 crew members. The exact number of people who were killed on the ground could not be determined, but the death toll listed more than 30 victims. More than 10 children reportedly perished in the accident. The corpses of the victims were transported to various hospitals in Kano. The Medical Centre of Nigerian Armed Forces reported that they had received 22 bodies, while the city's Murtalla Mohammed General Hospital received 61 bodies. The other 23 were distributed throughout several private hospitals in Kano. Most of the bodies were badly charred.
One cabin crew member and 3 passengers survived the crash. There were initially five survivors but one of them eventually succumbed to their injuries. Of the 4 survivors, one survived with no injuries, one with minor injuries while the others were in serious condition. Two survivors had to be sent abroad for treatment due to the severity of their injuries, with one receiving treatment in Cologne. Majority of the survivors were seated at the aft or near the aft of the aircraft.
An additional 47 people on the ground were injured in the accident. Of the 47, a total of 24 people were badly injured and the other 23 suffered mild injuries.
Rescue workers stated that at least 30 homes had been destroyed in the crash. Nigerian Red Cross added that hundreds had been made homeless. | [] | [
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projected-23571580-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAS%20Airlines%20Flight%204226 | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 | Response | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Kano to Lagos, Nigeria. On 4 May 2002, the aircraft serving the route, a BAC One-Eleven 525FT with 69 passengers and 8 crew members on board, crashed into Gwammaja Quarters, a densely-populated residential area located approximately from the airport, and burst into flames, resulting in the deaths of 66 passengers and 7 crew. In addition, at least 30 civilians on the ground were killed. With a total of 103 fatalities, Flight 4226 is the deadliest aviation accident involving a BAC One-Eleven.
Nigerian Accident Investigation and Prevention Bureau attributed the disaster to pilot error. The aircraft overran the runway and rolled for few hundred meters, creating huge burst of dust which was eventually ingested by the engines. This limited the ability of the engines to deliver power and caused the aircraft to lose speed. The extended landing gear aggravated the condition and the aircraft eventually crashed due to the compromised airspeed. Due to the absence of usable flight recorders, the reasons for the crew to accidentally overrun the runway could not be determined. | Due to the accident, Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo cut short his visit to states in Southern Africa and immediately returned to Abuja to observe the situation. He expressed his sympathy to the victims and stated that two days of national mourning would be held in Nigeria. All Nigerian flags would be flown at half mast throughout the country. He ordered an immediate inquiry into the accident and further added that foreign experts would be invited if necessary.
The Emir of Kano, Ado Bayero, along with Governor of Kano State Rabiu Kwankwaso, visited the crash site. The Emir and the Governor later expressed their sympathy to the relatives of the victims. Vice President Atiku Abubakar visited the crash site on May 4, but during his speech angry locals pelted his convoy with stones, prompting the police to fire tear gas onto the crowd. President Obasanjo also visited the crash site on May 6. His visit, however, was also met with fury as families of the victims accused him of "being insensitive". He reportedly visited the crash without prior announcement, under tight security, and avoided taking questions from the public.
President Obasanjo pledged a total of $86,000 federal funds to the victims of the crash, further stating that destroyed houses would be rebuilt. Spokesperson for Kano Government stated that the government of Kano would do "anything possible to alleviate their suffering". A relief committee consisted of 21 members was set up by Kano State. The committee would be in charge of collection and distribution of aids to the victims and would be headed by the deputy governor of Kano. Donations of up to 24 million Naira reportedly had been collected from the country.
Following the death of Ishaya Mark Aku, the Nigerian Government appointed Nigerian Minister of Police Affairs Stephen Akiga as his successor. In response to the death of Ishaya Mark Aku, Nigeria Football Association cancelled the upcoming football friendly match between Nigeria and China.
A total of 56 bodies could not be identified due to their severe condition, most were burnt beyond recognition. Kano government eventually held a mass burial for the unidentified victims. The bodies were carried by six trucks and hundreds of mourners attended the funeral service. Prior to the burial, a prayer service had been held in Gidan Rumfa, the Palace of Emir of Kano.
In response to the crash, Nigerian Minister of Aviation Kema Chikwe grounded every BAC One-Eleven in the country. She added that the Nigerian government would no longer register aircraft that had exceeded 22 years old, adding that owners would be given 5 years to phase them out. A thorough review regarding the operation of private airliners in Nigeria would be also conducted. | [] | [
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projected-23571580-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAS%20Airlines%20Flight%204226 | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 | Investigation | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Kano to Lagos, Nigeria. On 4 May 2002, the aircraft serving the route, a BAC One-Eleven 525FT with 69 passengers and 8 crew members on board, crashed into Gwammaja Quarters, a densely-populated residential area located approximately from the airport, and burst into flames, resulting in the deaths of 66 passengers and 7 crew. In addition, at least 30 civilians on the ground were killed. With a total of 103 fatalities, Flight 4226 is the deadliest aviation accident involving a BAC One-Eleven.
Nigerian Accident Investigation and Prevention Bureau attributed the disaster to pilot error. The aircraft overran the runway and rolled for few hundred meters, creating huge burst of dust which was eventually ingested by the engines. This limited the ability of the engines to deliver power and caused the aircraft to lose speed. The extended landing gear aggravated the condition and the aircraft eventually crashed due to the compromised airspeed. Due to the absence of usable flight recorders, the reasons for the crew to accidentally overrun the runway could not be determined. | Nigerian authorities opened an investigation on the crash, with Aviation Minister Kema Chikwe instituted a panel to investigate the crash. The Nigerian federal upper legislative chambers began a public session on the same day of the crash, discussing about the crash as part of the investigation. Managing Director of EAS Airlines, Idris Wada, insisted that the aircraft was still in good condition. He later added that Lloyds Insurance, insurers of the BAC 1-11-500 aircraft which was involved in the crash, has sent a representative from London to investigate the cause of the crash. According to him, the aircraft involved in the crash was fitted with the engine of a grounded EAS Airlines BAC 1-11 aircraft four days before the crash, which raised questions among the senate. He claimed that the practice was not uncommon among the aviation industry.
Prior to the fatal crash, the aircraft involved in the incident had been grounded on two previous occasions: once in 2001 for eleven days to perform engine maintenance, and again in 2002 for 52 days to address engine problems. | [] | [
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projected-23571580-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAS%20Airlines%20Flight%204226 | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 | Runway overrun | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Kano to Lagos, Nigeria. On 4 May 2002, the aircraft serving the route, a BAC One-Eleven 525FT with 69 passengers and 8 crew members on board, crashed into Gwammaja Quarters, a densely-populated residential area located approximately from the airport, and burst into flames, resulting in the deaths of 66 passengers and 7 crew. In addition, at least 30 civilians on the ground were killed. With a total of 103 fatalities, Flight 4226 is the deadliest aviation accident involving a BAC One-Eleven.
Nigerian Accident Investigation and Prevention Bureau attributed the disaster to pilot error. The aircraft overran the runway and rolled for few hundred meters, creating huge burst of dust which was eventually ingested by the engines. This limited the ability of the engines to deliver power and caused the aircraft to lose speed. The extended landing gear aggravated the condition and the aircraft eventually crashed due to the compromised airspeed. Due to the absence of usable flight recorders, the reasons for the crew to accidentally overrun the runway could not be determined. | Several possible explanations for the cause of the runway excursion were discussed. The investigation eventually found that there was no technical defects on the aircraft, meaning that it was airworthy to fly. The weather was clear and, while it was hot at the time of the crash, the air density wouldn't have limited the aircraft's ability to take-off safely since investigators considered that the elevation of the airport had not critically affected the aircraft's performance. The actual take-off weight was also within the margin for a safe take-off.
Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport was equipped with two runways; Runway 06/24 and Runway 05/23. The former was significantly longer than the latter. At the time of the crash, Runway 06/24 was being renovated and as a result airliners were asked to use Runway 05/23 instead. Despite the change, the selected runway was long enough for the crew to conduct a safe take-off from Kano, but somehow the aircraft managed to overrun the runway. There had been no runway excursion incidents prior to the crash of Flight 4226.
Unfortunately, there were no usable flight recorders. The cockpit voice recorder was missing from the crash site. While investigators did manage to recover the flight data recorder, the readout indicated that none of the recordings were from flights in Nigeria. The flight data recorder had never been maintained by EAS Airlines and thus it recorded flights that had been carried out during its operation with previous airliners in Europe. The investigation was effectively hampered by the lack of data from the flight recorders.
According to investigators, the most plausible hypothesis was due to the lackadaisical attitude of the pilots during the take-off roll. This was the first time for both flight crew members to fly to Kano. Apparently, both flight crews had been conditioned with the takeoffs on their previous flights, which took place in airports with longer runways. During the take-off roll, the crew didn't take the shorter runway length into account. The crew were probably busy checking the engine parameters and aircraft instruments until they shifted their attention to the runway outside, which was already too late due to the length. The take-off roll was slow, as per the testimony of the on-duty air traffic controller at the time. The airspeed was between V1 and Vr and the aircraft had taken too much runway distance that it was not possible anymore to take any safe evasive actions. The lack of judgement from both flight crew members caused the aircraft to overrun the runway.
Even though the hypothesis was plausible, investigators could not confirm whether their hypothesis was actually true due to the lack of data from flight recorders. Therefore, the reasons for the runway overrun could not be determined. | [] | [
"Investigation",
"Runway overrun"
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"2002 disasters in Nigeria",
"Aviation accidents and incidents in Nigeria",
"Aviation accidents and incidents in 2002",
"Accidents and incidents involving the BAC One-Eleven",
"May 2002 events in Nigeria",
"Airliner accidents and incidents caused by engine failure",
"Airliner accidents and incidents cau... |
projected-23571580-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAS%20Airlines%20Flight%204226 | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 | Failure to take-off | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Kano to Lagos, Nigeria. On 4 May 2002, the aircraft serving the route, a BAC One-Eleven 525FT with 69 passengers and 8 crew members on board, crashed into Gwammaja Quarters, a densely-populated residential area located approximately from the airport, and burst into flames, resulting in the deaths of 66 passengers and 7 crew. In addition, at least 30 civilians on the ground were killed. With a total of 103 fatalities, Flight 4226 is the deadliest aviation accident involving a BAC One-Eleven.
Nigerian Accident Investigation and Prevention Bureau attributed the disaster to pilot error. The aircraft overran the runway and rolled for few hundred meters, creating huge burst of dust which was eventually ingested by the engines. This limited the ability of the engines to deliver power and caused the aircraft to lose speed. The extended landing gear aggravated the condition and the aircraft eventually crashed due to the compromised airspeed. Due to the absence of usable flight recorders, the reasons for the crew to accidentally overrun the runway could not be determined. | Due to the limited data, investigators had to rely on eyewitness and survivors accounts. The air traffic controller stated that during the take-off roll the aircraft was moving sluggishly and was not at the usual pace for take-off from Runway 23. Following the runway excursion, the aircraft traveled for approximately before it finally took off from the ground. But before it managed to completely take off, the landing gear smashed onto a ground depression, which was used as a transformer pit for the approach light. The aircraft was struck with impact forces of up to 3G - 4G, enough to significantly degrade the aircraft's performance to gain speed. The violent impact also created huge amount of dusts. These dusts were eventually ingested by the engines, causing a reduction of thrust.
The engines of the BAC One-Eleven were located at the back of the aircraft. Previous investigations conducted by the AIPB showed that several objects had been propelled into the engines' air intake area by the aircraft's main landing gear due to the dynamic airflow effect on the tires. As the engines acted like a giant vacuum cleaner, there had been cases in which foreign objects were ingested by the engines. In Flight 4226, the dusts that had been propelled by the tires were sucked into the engines. This was proved by the disassembly of the engines, where dusts had been compacted and compressed within the high-pressure section of the turbine, creating a cake formation that had been lodged between the crevices of the compressor casings. The amount of dusts inside the engines resulted in the momentary degradation of the engine's ability to produce thrust. With the degraded performance of the engine, the aircraft could not gain altitude quickly enough.
The aircraft's poor performance on gaining altitude was worsened by the configuration of the aircraft. When it lifted off the ground, the landing gear was still in extended position. The landing gear was normally retracted shortly after the crew had obtained a positive rate of climb. In Flight 4226, the runway overran and the subsequent impact with the ground depression might have caused a lot of stress and shock to the flight crew that they simply did nothing. The landing gear down position would have diminished the aircraft's ability to climb adequately. The performance chart of the aircraft stated that due to the landing gear configuration the climb performance of the aircraft during takeoff climb would be reduced by up to . In Flight 4226, instead of recording a positive climb rate, the instruments recorded the descent rate of the aircraft, which was at .
Eventually, due to the low altitude of the aircraft, the limited ability to gain altitude and the reduced performance of the aircraft's speed, the aircraft couldn't climb safely from the crowded Gwammaja Quarters. | [] | [
"Investigation",
"Failure to take-off"
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"2002 disasters in Nigeria",
"Aviation accidents and incidents in Nigeria",
"Aviation accidents and incidents in 2002",
"Accidents and incidents involving the BAC One-Eleven",
"May 2002 events in Nigeria",
"Airliner accidents and incidents caused by engine failure",
"Airliner accidents and incidents cau... |
projected-23571580-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAS%20Airlines%20Flight%204226 | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 | Other findings | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Kano to Lagos, Nigeria. On 4 May 2002, the aircraft serving the route, a BAC One-Eleven 525FT with 69 passengers and 8 crew members on board, crashed into Gwammaja Quarters, a densely-populated residential area located approximately from the airport, and burst into flames, resulting in the deaths of 66 passengers and 7 crew. In addition, at least 30 civilians on the ground were killed. With a total of 103 fatalities, Flight 4226 is the deadliest aviation accident involving a BAC One-Eleven.
Nigerian Accident Investigation and Prevention Bureau attributed the disaster to pilot error. The aircraft overran the runway and rolled for few hundred meters, creating huge burst of dust which was eventually ingested by the engines. This limited the ability of the engines to deliver power and caused the aircraft to lose speed. The extended landing gear aggravated the condition and the aircraft eventually crashed due to the compromised airspeed. Due to the absence of usable flight recorders, the reasons for the crew to accidentally overrun the runway could not be determined. | The investigation also revealed problems regarding the operation of EAS Airlines, particularly on the maintenance culture and the oversight system of Nigeria's aviation industry at the time. The review regarding such issue was conducted with assistance from ICAO and members of United Kingdom's Baines-Simmons. The review discovered that the two certifying engineers who worked on the involved aircraft had been working without adequate breaks. There was no indication that the CVR and the FDR had been inspected on a daily basis and some maintenance data were left uncompleted. EAS Airlines also imposed the practice of maintaining their fleet by cannibalizing one unairworthy aircraft.
Despite the findings, investigators stated that there was no evidence that maintenance error had played a role in the crash. However, according to investigators, the findings related to inadequate logbook entries were not uncommon in Nigeria as it used to be the norm for most airliners in the country at the time. The investigation stated that the ruling aviation authority body of Nigeria, NCAA, had not paid enough attention to the country's aviation industry. During an audit on the body, it was revealed that the NCAA had a ramp inspection plan, but it was lacking in details that would have covered every aspects of airworthiness. | [] | [
"Investigation",
"Other findings"
] | [
"2002 disasters in Nigeria",
"Aviation accidents and incidents in Nigeria",
"Aviation accidents and incidents in 2002",
"Accidents and incidents involving the BAC One-Eleven",
"May 2002 events in Nigeria",
"Airliner accidents and incidents caused by engine failure",
"Airliner accidents and incidents cau... |
projected-23571580-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAS%20Airlines%20Flight%204226 | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 | Conclusion | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Kano to Lagos, Nigeria. On 4 May 2002, the aircraft serving the route, a BAC One-Eleven 525FT with 69 passengers and 8 crew members on board, crashed into Gwammaja Quarters, a densely-populated residential area located approximately from the airport, and burst into flames, resulting in the deaths of 66 passengers and 7 crew. In addition, at least 30 civilians on the ground were killed. With a total of 103 fatalities, Flight 4226 is the deadliest aviation accident involving a BAC One-Eleven.
Nigerian Accident Investigation and Prevention Bureau attributed the disaster to pilot error. The aircraft overran the runway and rolled for few hundred meters, creating huge burst of dust which was eventually ingested by the engines. This limited the ability of the engines to deliver power and caused the aircraft to lose speed. The extended landing gear aggravated the condition and the aircraft eventually crashed due to the compromised airspeed. Due to the absence of usable flight recorders, the reasons for the crew to accidentally overrun the runway could not be determined. | The final report attributed the crash to the crew's inability to safely execute the take-off phase within the available runway length. The breakdown of coordination between each flight crew members caused the aircraft to be unable to gain altitude quickly and safely, ultimately caused the aircraft to crash.
The AIPB issued 8 recommendations as a result of the accident, including improvements related to supervision, stricter penalties for malpractices, and improvements related to aircraft flight recorders, in which the NCAA should not register an aircraft under Nigerian registration if an aircraft have not been fitted with a digital flight recorder. The NCAA was also asked to immediately conduct an audit to every BAC One-Eleven in Nigeria to ensure that only operators who have the required spare parts that are allowed to conduct operation within Nigeria, in response to EAS Airlines' cannibalized aircraft practice. | [] | [
"Investigation",
"Conclusion"
] | [
"2002 disasters in Nigeria",
"Aviation accidents and incidents in Nigeria",
"Aviation accidents and incidents in 2002",
"Accidents and incidents involving the BAC One-Eleven",
"May 2002 events in Nigeria",
"Airliner accidents and incidents caused by engine failure",
"Airliner accidents and incidents cau... |
projected-23571580-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAS%20Airlines%20Flight%204226 | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 | See also | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Kano to Lagos, Nigeria. On 4 May 2002, the aircraft serving the route, a BAC One-Eleven 525FT with 69 passengers and 8 crew members on board, crashed into Gwammaja Quarters, a densely-populated residential area located approximately from the airport, and burst into flames, resulting in the deaths of 66 passengers and 7 crew. In addition, at least 30 civilians on the ground were killed. With a total of 103 fatalities, Flight 4226 is the deadliest aviation accident involving a BAC One-Eleven.
Nigerian Accident Investigation and Prevention Bureau attributed the disaster to pilot error. The aircraft overran the runway and rolled for few hundred meters, creating huge burst of dust which was eventually ingested by the engines. This limited the ability of the engines to deliver power and caused the aircraft to lose speed. The extended landing gear aggravated the condition and the aircraft eventually crashed due to the compromised airspeed. Due to the absence of usable flight recorders, the reasons for the crew to accidentally overrun the runway could not be determined. | Viasa Flight 742, another crash in which a small twinjet aircraft (a McDonnell Douglas DC-9) crashed into a crowded city area shortly after takeoff, causing a high number of ground fatalities. | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"2002 disasters in Nigeria",
"Aviation accidents and incidents in Nigeria",
"Aviation accidents and incidents in 2002",
"Accidents and incidents involving the BAC One-Eleven",
"May 2002 events in Nigeria",
"Airliner accidents and incidents caused by engine failure",
"Airliner accidents and incidents cau... |
projected-23571581-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magomed%20Gadaborshev | Magomed Gadaborshev | Introduction | Magomed Gadaborshev () (? – July 9, 2009) was a Russian-Ingushetian colonel who headed Ingushetia's Forensics and Investigations Center.
On July 7, 2009, attackers opened fire on Gadaborshev's car as he drove through the city center of Nazran, the largest city in Ingushetia. He suffered gunshot wounds in the attack and fell into a coma. Doctors pronounced Gadaborshev dead on July 9, 2009.
Gadaborshev's killing followed a string of attacks on and assassinations of Ingush officials in the preceding weeks. The President of Ingushetia, Yunus-Bek Yevkurov, was seriously wounded in a bombing on June 22, 2009. The deputy chief justice of the Supreme Court of Ingushetia Aza Gazgireeva and former deputy prime minister Bashir Aushev were also assassinated in separate shootings in June 2009. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"2009 deaths",
"Assassinated Russian people",
"Deaths by firearm in Russia",
"Ingush people",
"People murdered in Russia",
"Russian military personnel",
"Year of birth missing"
] | |
projected-23571581-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magomed%20Gadaborshev | Magomed Gadaborshev | References | Magomed Gadaborshev () (? – July 9, 2009) was a Russian-Ingushetian colonel who headed Ingushetia's Forensics and Investigations Center.
On July 7, 2009, attackers opened fire on Gadaborshev's car as he drove through the city center of Nazran, the largest city in Ingushetia. He suffered gunshot wounds in the attack and fell into a coma. Doctors pronounced Gadaborshev dead on July 9, 2009.
Gadaborshev's killing followed a string of attacks on and assassinations of Ingush officials in the preceding weeks. The President of Ingushetia, Yunus-Bek Yevkurov, was seriously wounded in a bombing on June 22, 2009. The deputy chief justice of the Supreme Court of Ingushetia Aza Gazgireeva and former deputy prime minister Bashir Aushev were also assassinated in separate shootings in June 2009. | Category:2009 deaths
Category:Assassinated Russian people
Category:Deaths by firearm in Russia
Category:Ingush people
Category:People murdered in Russia
Category:Russian military personnel
Category:Year of birth missing | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"2009 deaths",
"Assassinated Russian people",
"Deaths by firearm in Russia",
"Ingush people",
"People murdered in Russia",
"Russian military personnel",
"Year of birth missing"
] |
projected-23571585-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C24H34O5 | C24H34O5 | Introduction | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C24H34O5}}
The molecular formula C24H34O5 (molar mass: 402.52 g/mol) may refer to:
Bufagin, a toxic steroid obtained from toad's milk
Cortexolone 17α-propionate
Dehydrocholic acid
Category:Molecular formulas | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Molecular formulas"
] | |
projected-23571600-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C22H29FO5 | C22H29FO5 | Introduction | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C22H29FO5}}
The molecular formula C22H29FO5 (molar mass: 392.46 g/mol, exact mass: 392.1999 u) may refer to:
Betamethasone
Dexamethasone
Fluperolone
Paramethasone
Category:Molecular formulas | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Molecular formulas"
] | |
projected-17327553-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego%20Capusotto | Diego Capusotto | Introduction | Diego Esteban Capusotto (September 21, 1961) is an Argentinian TV presenter, actor, and humorist who is noted for his participation in TV shows like Cha Cha Cha, Todo por dos pesos and Peter Capusotto y sus videos. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1961 births",
"Argentine male film actors",
"Argentine male stage actors",
"Argentine comedians",
"People from Morón Partido",
"Argentine people of Italian descent",
"Living people"
] | |
projected-17327553-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego%20Capusotto | Diego Capusotto | Biography | Diego Esteban Capusotto (September 21, 1961) is an Argentinian TV presenter, actor, and humorist who is noted for his participation in TV shows like Cha Cha Cha, Todo por dos pesos and Peter Capusotto y sus videos. | Diego Capusotto was born in Castelar, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina on September 21, 1961, but moved to the Villa Luro neighborhood of Buenos Aires when he was 7, where he lived for three decades.
At 25, he began to study acting at the Arlequines Theater. He has starred in several movies. The first, Zapada, una comedia beat (1999), was not released commercially. He followed up with Mataperros (2001), India Pravile (2003), Soy tu aventura (2003), Dos ilusiones (2004) and Regresados (2007), also known as D-Graduated. His most recent film was Pajaros Volando (2010).
His television career began in 1992 with De la cabeza, a series in which he worked with actors and comedians like Alfredo Casero, Fabio Posca, Mex Urtizberea, and Fabio Alberti. After the program was killed off by a falling out between Posca and the other actors, Capusotto teamed up with Casero and Alberti in a new comedy project, Cha Cha Cha, which was broadcast intermittently between 1992 and 1997. Capusotto and Alberti would team up again, in 1998, on the cast of the TV series, Delikatessen, starring Horacio Fontova, and again in 1999 when the program Todo por dos pesos (99 Cent Store) made its debut: this program would finally establish Diego Capusotto as an icon of Argentinian comedy. For this series, in which he established some of his best and most famous characters like "Irma Jusid", "El Hombre Bobo", and "Peter Conchas", Capusotto received the Martin Fierro Award for Comedy Performance in 2001.
Todo por dos pesos went off the air in 2002. In 2003, Capusotto played a mentally ill person in the series Sol Negro, produced by Sebastián Ortega and with performances by
Rodrigo de la Serna and Carlos Belloso, among others.
On March 25, 2004, Capusotto returned to the theater together with Fabio Alberti to present the comedy show Una noche en Carlos Paz, written by Pedro Saborido and directed by Néstor Montalbano, where they continued the shtick of Todo por dos pesos. The show was followed by Qué noche Bariloche, which premiered in 2006.
Up to the age of 17, Capusotto wanted to play Football:
Capusotto was always involved with music, but he never wanted to make a career of it:
Capusotto co-wrote and starred in the comedy plays Una noche en Carlos Paz ("A Night in Carlos Paz") and Qué noche Bariloche ("What a Night, Bariloche!"). In 2006, the TV show Peter Capusotto y sus videos (Peter Capusotto and his videos), created and starring Capusotto, debuted on Rock&Pop TV (later airing on Televisión Pública, and currently airing on TBS). The humoristic program (which features rarely seen rock music videos) consists in Capusotto parodying the different facets of the rock-and-roll lifestyle in various sketches, and taking rock personalities and stereotypes for an intertwining critique of several aspects of the Argentinean society and culture, with "Luis Almirante Brown (Artaud for millions)", "Pomelo, ídolo de rock" ("Pomelo, rock idol") and "Perón y rock" as some of the highlights. The program has become a cult hit, and video clips from the show are frequently viewed on YouTube.
On December 17, 2007, after Peter Capusotto y sus videos was nominated for the Clarín Awards, Capusotto received awards in the Musical Performance and Best Comedy Program categories.
On July 2, 2008, at the Martín Fierro Awards he received the award for Best Comedy Performance for Peter Capusotto and his videos. On 2009, he again received a Martín Fierro Award for Best Comedy Performance for Peter Capusotto and his videos. 2012 saw the release of Peter Capusotto y sus 3 Dimensiones ("Peter Capusotto and his Three Dimensions"), a movie based on the TV show, which was quite successful at the box office. | [] | [
"Biography"
] | [
"1961 births",
"Argentine male film actors",
"Argentine male stage actors",
"Argentine comedians",
"People from Morón Partido",
"Argentine people of Italian descent",
"Living people"
] |
projected-17327553-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego%20Capusotto | Diego Capusotto | TV | Diego Esteban Capusotto (September 21, 1961) is an Argentinian TV presenter, actor, and humorist who is noted for his participation in TV shows like Cha Cha Cha, Todo por dos pesos and Peter Capusotto y sus videos. | De la cabeza ("Crazy")
Cha cha cha
Delikatessen
Todo por dos pesos ("99 cent store")
Tiempo Final ("Final time")
Sol Negro ("Black sun")
Peter Capusotto y sus videos ("Peter Capusotto and his videos") | [] | [
"Selected filmography",
"TV"
] | [
"1961 births",
"Argentine male film actors",
"Argentine male stage actors",
"Argentine comedians",
"People from Morón Partido",
"Argentine people of Italian descent",
"Living people"
] |
projected-17327553-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego%20Capusotto | Diego Capusotto | Film | Diego Esteban Capusotto (September 21, 1961) is an Argentinian TV presenter, actor, and humorist who is noted for his participation in TV shows like Cha Cha Cha, Todo por dos pesos and Peter Capusotto y sus videos. | Tiempo de Descuento (time's running out) [short film]
Zapada, una comedia beat (Zapada, a Beat comedy)
Mataperros (thug)
India Pravile
Soy tu aventura (I'm your adventure)
Dos ilusiones (two dreams/illusions)
Regresados (known as D-Graduated internationally)
Pájaros Volando (Birds Flying)
Peter Capusotto y sus Tres Dimensiones (Peter Capusotto and his Three Dimensions)
Kryptonita
27, El club de los malditos | [] | [
"Selected filmography",
"Film"
] | [
"1961 births",
"Argentine male film actors",
"Argentine male stage actors",
"Argentine comedians",
"People from Morón Partido",
"Argentine people of Italian descent",
"Living people"
] |
projected-17327553-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego%20Capusotto | Diego Capusotto | Awards | Diego Esteban Capusotto (September 21, 1961) is an Argentinian TV presenter, actor, and humorist who is noted for his participation in TV shows like Cha Cha Cha, Todo por dos pesos and Peter Capusotto y sus videos. | 2013 Tato award as best comical work.
2011 Konex award - Merit Diploma as one of the 5 best TV actor of the decade in Argentina. | [] | [
"Awards"
] | [
"1961 births",
"Argentine male film actors",
"Argentine male stage actors",
"Argentine comedians",
"People from Morón Partido",
"Argentine people of Italian descent",
"Living people"
] |
projected-17327553-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego%20Capusotto | Diego Capusotto | Nominations | Diego Esteban Capusotto (September 21, 1961) is an Argentinian TV presenter, actor, and humorist who is noted for his participation in TV shows like Cha Cha Cha, Todo por dos pesos and Peter Capusotto y sus videos. | 2013 Martín Fierro Awards
Best work in humor | [] | [
"Awards",
"Nominations"
] | [
"1961 births",
"Argentine male film actors",
"Argentine male stage actors",
"Argentine comedians",
"People from Morón Partido",
"Argentine people of Italian descent",
"Living people"
] |
projected-17327553-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego%20Capusotto | Diego Capusotto | Personal life | Diego Esteban Capusotto (September 21, 1961) is an Argentinian TV presenter, actor, and humorist who is noted for his participation in TV shows like Cha Cha Cha, Todo por dos pesos and Peter Capusotto y sus videos. | Capusotto is married to María Laura, with whom he has 2 daughters: Elisa, and Eva (named after Eva Perón). He is a big fan of the Racing Club soccer team. He currently resides in the Barracas district of Buenos Aires.
He had two brothers, but both are deceased. His older brother died of peritonitis, and his younger brother died of complications from Prader-Willi syndrome at the age of 2. | [] | [
"Personal life"
] | [
"1961 births",
"Argentine male film actors",
"Argentine male stage actors",
"Argentine comedians",
"People from Morón Partido",
"Argentine people of Italian descent",
"Living people"
] |
projected-17327553-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego%20Capusotto | Diego Capusotto | References | Diego Esteban Capusotto (September 21, 1961) is an Argentinian TV presenter, actor, and humorist who is noted for his participation in TV shows like Cha Cha Cha, Todo por dos pesos and Peter Capusotto y sus videos. | The vast majority of this article was translated from its corresponding version on Spanish Wikipedia. | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1961 births",
"Argentine male film actors",
"Argentine male stage actors",
"Argentine comedians",
"People from Morón Partido",
"Argentine people of Italian descent",
"Living people"
] |
projected-17327565-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakestone%20Moor | Bakestone Moor | Introduction | Bakestone Moor is an area of settlement in Derbyshire, England. It is located on the west side of Whitwell.
Category:Geography of Derbyshire
Category:Bolsover District | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Geography of Derbyshire",
"Bolsover District"
] | |
projected-17327582-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Congress%20of%20Maritime%20Museums | International Congress of Maritime Museums | Introduction | The International Congress of Maritime Museums (ICMM) is the world's only international network of maritime museums, associations, and individuals devoted to maritime heritage, founded in 1972. It has 120+ members of every size across thirty-five countries and six continents. It convenes biennial congresses hosted by different member museums around the world, publishes a monthly newsletter, and offers resources on its website on subjects including maritime archaeology, historic vessels and maritime curatorship. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Museum associations and consortia",
"Maritime history events",
"History organizations",
"Maritime museums",
"Maritime history organizations",
" Organizations established in 1972"
] | |
projected-23571608-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabile%20%28symphonic%20suite%29 | Cantabile (symphonic suite) | Introduction | Cantabile is a work composed from 2004 to 2009 by Frederik Magle. It consists of three symphonic poems (or movements) based on poems written by Henrik, the Prince Consort of Denmark published in his book Cantabile. The Cantabile suite was commissioned by the Danish Royal Family and the first movement was premiered in 2004. The second and third movements were premiered on June 10, 2009 at a concert in the Copenhagen Concert Hall celebrating Prince Henrik's 75th birthday. On both occasions the music was performed by the Danish National Symphony Orchestra and Choir, conducted by Thomas Dausgaard.
The music alternates between the sorrowful, which - according to the Prince Consort's biography (2010) - being unexpected at a birthday concert, caused unease among some of the guests present at the first performance of the Cortège & Danse Macabre in 2009, and sudden bursts of humour.
Besides the original text by Prince Henrik in French, a Danish translation by Per Aage Brandt is also used in the work, and at places French and Danish is being sung at the same time. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Compositions by Frederik Magle",
"Symphonic poems",
"Orchestral suites",
"Music for orchestra and organ",
"2009 compositions",
"Choral compositions",
"21st-century classical music",
"Death in music",
"Music based on poems"
] | |
projected-23571608-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabile%20%28symphonic%20suite%29 | Cantabile (symphonic suite) | Structure | Cantabile is a work composed from 2004 to 2009 by Frederik Magle. It consists of three symphonic poems (or movements) based on poems written by Henrik, the Prince Consort of Denmark published in his book Cantabile. The Cantabile suite was commissioned by the Danish Royal Family and the first movement was premiered in 2004. The second and third movements were premiered on June 10, 2009 at a concert in the Copenhagen Concert Hall celebrating Prince Henrik's 75th birthday. On both occasions the music was performed by the Danish National Symphony Orchestra and Choir, conducted by Thomas Dausgaard.
The music alternates between the sorrowful, which - according to the Prince Consort's biography (2010) - being unexpected at a birthday concert, caused unease among some of the guests present at the first performance of the Cortège & Danse Macabre in 2009, and sudden bursts of humour.
Besides the original text by Prince Henrik in French, a Danish translation by Per Aage Brandt is also used in the work, and at places French and Danish is being sung at the same time. | The three symphonic poems/movements forming the suite are:
Souffle le vent (based on the poem Souffle le vent - English: Cry of the Winds)
Cortège & Danse Macabre (based on the poem Cortège funèbre (with the subtitle Danse Macabre) - English: Funeral procession / Dance of Death)
Carillon (based on the poems L'Angélus and Lacrymae mundi - English: The Angelus and Tears of the World) | [] | [
"Structure"
] | [
"Compositions by Frederik Magle",
"Symphonic poems",
"Orchestral suites",
"Music for orchestra and organ",
"2009 compositions",
"Choral compositions",
"21st-century classical music",
"Death in music",
"Music based on poems"
] |
projected-23571608-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabile%20%28symphonic%20suite%29 | Cantabile (symphonic suite) | Instrumentation | Cantabile is a work composed from 2004 to 2009 by Frederik Magle. It consists of three symphonic poems (or movements) based on poems written by Henrik, the Prince Consort of Denmark published in his book Cantabile. The Cantabile suite was commissioned by the Danish Royal Family and the first movement was premiered in 2004. The second and third movements were premiered on June 10, 2009 at a concert in the Copenhagen Concert Hall celebrating Prince Henrik's 75th birthday. On both occasions the music was performed by the Danish National Symphony Orchestra and Choir, conducted by Thomas Dausgaard.
The music alternates between the sorrowful, which - according to the Prince Consort's biography (2010) - being unexpected at a birthday concert, caused unease among some of the guests present at the first performance of the Cortège & Danse Macabre in 2009, and sudden bursts of humour.
Besides the original text by Prince Henrik in French, a Danish translation by Per Aage Brandt is also used in the work, and at places French and Danish is being sung at the same time. | Orchestration:
3 Flutes (3rd: Piccolo)
2 Oboes (2nd: English Horn)
3 Clarinets,
1 Bass Clarinet
2 Bassoons
1 Contrabassoon
4 Horns
3 Trumpets
3 Trombones
1 Contrabass Tuba
Timpani
3 Percussionists
Harp
Piano (soloist, third movement only)
Organ
Soprano (Soloist)
Bass-baritone (Soloist)
Mixed Choir (S,S,A,A,T,T,B,B)
Strings
In the Carillon, the basses of the choir are required to sing the A below the bass-clef (27 notes below the middle C). Instruments of special note: The use of a giraffe's thigh bone as a percussion instrument in the Cortège & Danse Macabre. | [] | [
"Instrumentation"
] | [
"Compositions by Frederik Magle",
"Symphonic poems",
"Orchestral suites",
"Music for orchestra and organ",
"2009 compositions",
"Choral compositions",
"21st-century classical music",
"Death in music",
"Music based on poems"
] |
projected-23571621-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldbeat%20%28album%29 | Worldbeat (album) | Introduction | Worldbeat is the debut album by Kaoma, released in 1989. It provided three hit singles, two of them achieving success worldwide: "Lambada", "Dançando Lambada" and "Mélodie d'amour". The album is composed of songs in Portuguese, Spanish and English. It was ranked in the top 25 in Switzerland, Germany, Norway, Australia and Austria. It topped the Billboard Latin Pop in the U.S. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1989 debut albums",
"Kaoma albums"
] | |
projected-23571621-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldbeat%20%28album%29 | Worldbeat (album) | Critical reception | Worldbeat is the debut album by Kaoma, released in 1989. It provided three hit singles, two of them achieving success worldwide: "Lambada", "Dançando Lambada" and "Mélodie d'amour". The album is composed of songs in Portuguese, Spanish and English. It was ranked in the top 25 in Switzerland, Germany, Norway, Australia and Austria. It topped the Billboard Latin Pop in the U.S. | The album received generally positive reviews from critics. AllMusic wrote: "Not outstanding but definitely appealing, this CD effectively combines South American elements with dance music/disco, reggae and hip-hop. One hears Chic's influence on the funky 'Sopenala'." | [] | [
"Critical reception"
] | [
"1989 debut albums",
"Kaoma albums"
] |
projected-23571621-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldbeat%20%28album%29 | Worldbeat (album) | Track listings | Worldbeat is the debut album by Kaoma, released in 1989. It provided three hit singles, two of them achieving success worldwide: "Lambada", "Dançando Lambada" and "Mélodie d'amour". The album is composed of songs in Portuguese, Spanish and English. It was ranked in the top 25 in Switzerland, Germany, Norway, Australia and Austria. It topped the Billboard Latin Pop in the U.S. | "Lambada" — 3:27
"Lambareggae" — 3:52
"Dançando Lambada" — 4:44
"Lambamor" — 4:09
"Lamba caribe" — 4:07
"Mélodie d'amour" — 4:11
"Sindiang" — 3:58
"Sopenala" — 4:28
"Jambé finète (grille)" — 4:26
"Salsa nuestra" — 4:38 | [] | [
"Track listings"
] | [
"1989 debut albums",
"Kaoma albums"
] |
projected-23571621-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldbeat%20%28album%29 | Worldbeat (album) | See also | Worldbeat is the debut album by Kaoma, released in 1989. It provided three hit singles, two of them achieving success worldwide: "Lambada", "Dançando Lambada" and "Mélodie d'amour". The album is composed of songs in Portuguese, Spanish and English. It was ranked in the top 25 in Switzerland, Germany, Norway, Australia and Austria. It topped the Billboard Latin Pop in the U.S. | List of number-one Billboard Latin Pop Albums from the 1990s
List of best-selling Latin albums | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"1989 debut albums",
"Kaoma albums"
] |
projected-23571621-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldbeat%20%28album%29 | Worldbeat (album) | References | Worldbeat is the debut album by Kaoma, released in 1989. It provided three hit singles, two of them achieving success worldwide: "Lambada", "Dançando Lambada" and "Mélodie d'amour". The album is composed of songs in Portuguese, Spanish and English. It was ranked in the top 25 in Switzerland, Germany, Norway, Australia and Austria. It topped the Billboard Latin Pop in the U.S. | Category:1989 debut albums
Category:Kaoma albums | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1989 debut albums",
"Kaoma albums"
] |
projected-06899844-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Introduction | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"History of Dundee",
"Dundee",
"History of Scotland by council area"
] | |
projected-06899844-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Toponymy | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | The name "Dundee" is of uncertain etymology. It incorporates the place-name element dùn, fort, present in both Gaelic and in Brythonic languages such as Pictish. The remainder of the name is less obvious. One possibility is that it comes from the Gaelic 'Dèagh', meaning 'fire'. Another is that it derives from 'Tay', and it is in this form, 'Duntay' that the town is seen in Timothy Pont's map (c.1583–1596). Another suggestion is that it is a personal name, referring to an otherwise unknown local ruler named 'Daigh' or 'Deaghach'.
Folk etymology, repeated by Hector Boece in 1527, claims that the town's name was originally Allectum, and it was renamed Dei Donum 'Gift from God', following David, 8th Earl of Huntingdon's arrival there on his return from the Holy Land. The city was referred to by some Gaelic speakers, particularly in Highland Perthshire and Braemar as An Athaileag. | [] | [
"Toponymy"
] | [
"History of Dundee",
"Dundee",
"History of Scotland by council area"
] |
projected-06899844-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Early history | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | Dundee and its surrounding area have been continuously occupied since the Mesolithic. A kitchen midden of that date was unearthed during work on the harbour in 1879, and yielded flints, charcoal and a stone axe.
A Neolithic cursus, with associated barrows has been identified at the north-western end of the city and nearby lies the Balgarthno Stone Circle. A lack of stratigraphy around the stone circle has left it difficult to determine a precise age, but it is thought to date from around the late Neolithic/early Bronze Age. The circle has been subject to vandalism in the past and has recently been fenced off to protect it. Bronze Age finds are fairly abundant in Dundee and the surrounding area, particularly in the form of short cist burials.
From the Iron Age, perhaps the most prominent remains are of the Law Hill Fort, although domestic remains are also well represented. Near to Dundee can be found the well-characterised souterrains at Carlungie and Ardestie, which date from around the 2nd century AD. Several brochs are also found in the area, including the ruins at Laws Hill near Monifieth, at Craighill and at Hurly Hawkin, near Liff, Angus. | [] | [
"Early history"
] | [
"History of Dundee",
"Dundee",
"History of Scotland by council area"
] |
projected-06899844-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Early Middle Ages | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | The early medieval history of the town relies heavily on tradition. In Pictish times, the part of Dundee that was later expanded into the Burghal town in the twelfth/13th centuries was a minor settlement in the kingdom of Circinn, later known as Angus. An area roughly equivalent to the current urban area of Dundee is likely to have formed a demesne, centred on Dundee castle.
Hector Boece records the ancient name of the settlement as Alectum in his 1527 work Historia Gentis Scotorum (History of the Scottish People). While there is evidence this name was being used to refer to the town in the 18th century, its early attribution should be treated with caution as Boece's reliability as a source is questionable.
The Chronicle of Huntingdon (c1290) records a battle on 20 July 834 AD between the Scots, led by Alpin (father of Kenneth MacAlpin), and the Picts, which supposedly took place at the former village of Pitalpin (NO 370 329). The battle was allegedly a decisive victory for the Picts, and Alpin is said to have been executed by beheading. This account, while perhaps appealing, should be treated with caution as the battle's historical authenticity is in doubt. | [
"Strathmartine castle stone.jpg"
] | [
"Early Middle Ages"
] | [
"History of Dundee",
"Dundee",
"History of Scotland by council area"
] |
projected-06899844-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | High Middle Ages | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | Tradition names Dundee as the location of a court palace of the House of Dunkeld. However, no physical trace of such a residence remains, and such notions are likely to have been due to a misinterpretation of the ancient name of Edinburgh, Dunedin.
Dundee history as a major town dates to the charter in which King William granted the earldom of Dundee to his younger brother, David (later Earl of Huntingdon) in 1179–1182. Earl David is thought to have built Dundee Castle, which formerly occupied the site now occupied by St Pauls Cathedral.
Dundee's position on the Tay, with its natural harbour between St Nicholas Craig and Stannergate (now obscured by development) made it an ideal location for a trading port, which led to a period of major growth in the town as Earl David promoted the town as a burgh.
On David's death in 1219, the burgh passed first to his son, John. John died without issue in 1237 and the burgh was divided evenly between his three sisters, with the castle becoming the property of the eldest, Margaret and, subsequently, to her youngest daughter, Dervorguilla. Dervorguilla's portion of the burgh later passed to her eldest surviving son, John Balliol, and the town became a Royal Burgh on the coronation of John as king in 1292.
Dundee experienced periods of occupation and destruction in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. Following John Balliol's renunciation (1295) of Edward I's claimed authority over Scotland, the English King twice visited Scotland with hostile intent. Edward (the 'Hammer of the Scots') revoked Dundee's royal charter, removing the town's people the right to control local government and the judiciary. He occupied the Castle at Dundee at the outbreak of the First War of Independence in 1296 but the castle retaken by siege by the forces of William Wallace in 1297, immediately prior to the Battle of Stirling Bridge.
From 1303 to 1312 the city was again occupied. Edward's removal resulted in the complete destruction of the Castle by Robert the Bruce, who had been proclaimed King of Scots at nearby Scone in 1306. In 1327, the Bruce granted the royal burgh a new charter. Later in the 14th century, during the conflict between England and France known as the Hundred Years' War, the French invoked the Auld Alliance, drawing Scotland into the hostilities. Richard II subsequently marched northward and razed Edinburgh, Perth and Dundee. | [] | [
"High Middle Ages"
] | [
"History of Dundee",
"Dundee",
"History of Scotland by council area"
] |
projected-06899844-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Early Modern Era | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | Dundee became a walled city in 1545 during a period of English hostilities known as the rough wooing (Henry VIII's attempt to extend his Protestant ambitions north by marrying his youngest son Edward, Duke of Cornwall to Mary, Queen of Scots). The Wishart Arch was believed to be the only remaining part of the wall though a piece behind St Paul's Cathedral may have survived, though this remains unconfirmed pursuant to further investigation. Mary maintained the alliance with the French, who captured Protestant opponents, including John Knox, at St Andrews Castle, in nearby east Fife in July 1547. That year, following victory at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, the English occupied Edinburgh and went on to destroy much of Dundee by naval bombardment. The Howff Burial Ground, granted to the people of Dundee in 1546, was a gift from Mary. In July 1547, much of the city was destroyed by an English naval bombardment.
During a period of relative peace between Scotland and England, the status of Dundee as a royal burgh was reconfirmed (in The Great Charter of Charles I, dated 14 September 1641). In 1645, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, Dundee was again besieged, this time by the Royalist Marquess of Montrose. On 1 September 1651, during the Third English Civil War, the city was attacked by Oliver Cromwell's Parliamentarian forces, led by George Monk. Much of the city was destroyed and many of its inhabitants killed. (See Siege of Dundee.)
Dundee was later the site of an early Jacobite uprising when John Graham of Claverhouse, 1st Viscount Dundee raised the Stuart standard on Dundee Law in 1689. This show of support of James VII (James II of England) following his overthrow, earned the Viscount the nickname Bonnie Dundee.
Troubles and financial collapses in the 1760s caused the background of the Tayside Meal Mobs on 1772 and 1773 which began in Dundee in the summer of 1772. | [
"Wishart Arch.jpg"
] | [
"Early Modern Era"
] | [
"History of Dundee",
"Dundee",
"History of Scotland by council area"
] |
projected-06899844-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Modern era | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | Dundee greatly expanded in size during the Industrial Revolution mainly because of the burgeoning British Empire trade, flax and then latterly the jute industry. By the end of the 19th century, a majority of the city's workers were employed in its many jute mills and in related industries. Dundee's location on a major estuary allowed for the easy importation of jute from the Indian subcontinent as well as whale oil—needed for the processing of the jute—from the city's large whaling industry. A substantial coastal marine trade also developed, with inshore shipping working between the city of Dundee and the port of London. The industry began to decline in the 20th century as it became cheaper to process the cloth on the Indian subcontinent. The city's last jute mill closed in the 1970s.
In addition to jute the city is also known for jam and journalism. The "jam" association refers to marmalade, which was purportedly invented in the city by Janet Keiller in 1797 (although in reality, recipes for marmalade have been found dating back to the 16th century). Keiller's marmalade became a famous brand because of its mass production and its worldwide export. The industry was never a major employer compared with the jute trade. Marmalade has since become the "preserve" of larger businesses, but jars of Keiller's marmalade are still widely available. "Journalism" refers to the publishing firm DC Thomson & Co., which was founded in the city in 1905 and remains the largest employer after the health and leisure industries. The firm publishes a variety of newspapers, children's comics and magazines, including The Sunday Post, The Courier, Shout and children's publications, The Beano and The Dandy.
In the nineteenth century Dundee was home to various investment trusts, including the Dundee Investment Company, the Dundee Mortgage and Trust, the Oregon and Washington Trust and the Oregon and Washington Savings Bank, Limited. These merged in 1888 to form the Alliance Trust. Many of the investors in this trust were notable local figures including land gentry, such as the Earl of Airlie, merchants, ship owners, ship builders and jute barons and other textile manufacturers. The Alliance Trust shared its headquarters with another Dundee based trust the Western & Hawaiian Investment Company, later known as the Second Alliance Trust. The two would finally merge into one firm in 2006. The two Alliance Trusts' original main interests were focused on mortgages and land business principally in agricultural areas of the western United States (notably Oregon, Idaho and Texas) and Hawaii. The company also leased mineral rights of properties in Texas and Oklahoma, as well as investing in various ventures in Britain and abroad. In 2008 the company was listed on the FTSE 100 Index and the next year moved to new purpose-built headquarters.
Dundee also developed a major maritime and shipbuilding industry in the 19th century. 2,000 ships were built in Dundee between 1871 and 1881, including the Antarctic research ship used by Robert Falcon Scott, the RRS Discovery. This ship is now on display at Discovery Point in the city, and the Victorian steel-framed works in which Discovery's engine was built is now home to the city's largest book shop. The need of the local jute industry for whale oil also supported a large whaling industry. Dundee Island in the Antarctic takes its name from the Dundee whaling expedition, which discovered it in 1892. Whaling ceased in 1912 and shipbuilding ceased in 1981. The last connection with whaling in Dundee reportedly ended in 1922 when a trading ketch owned by Robert Kinnes & Sons, which had been first set up as a trading company for the Tay Whale Fishing Company, was lost in the Cumberland Sound.
The Tay estuary was the location of the first Tay rail bridge, built by Thomas Bouch and completed in 1877. At the time it was the longest railway bridge in the world. The bridge fell down in a storm less than a year later under the weight of a train full of passengers in what is known as the Tay Bridge disaster. None of the passengers survived.
Tomlinson et al. argue that Dundee enjoyed a "Golden Age" in the 1950s and 1960s. The collapse of the jute industry, they argue, was well handled for three reasons. First, the jute industry was protected from cheap imports by the state. Tariffs and quotas were not allowed by the GATT agreements. Instead protection came through the continuation from 1945 into the 1970s of the wartime Jute Control system, by which the Ministry of Materials imported jute goods and sold them at an artificial price related to the cost of manufacture in Dundee. Secondly, the jute firms agreed to company consolidation to make themselves more efficient, to increase labour productivity, and to cooperate in developing new fibres and goods. Third, labour unions and management ended the hard feelings that caused so much labour unrest and had come to a head in the dismal decade of unemployment in the 1930s. In the postwar cooperation, employers, unions and the city spoke with one voice. Success in managing jute's decline, and the brief brief of multinational corporations like NCR and Timex, held off decline and there was relative full employment in the city down to the 1970s. The golden age ended in the 1980s as the multinationals found cheaper labour in Bangladesh, India, and South America, and the Thatcher government ended state support for British industry. By the 1990s jute had disappeared from Dundee.
The Timex Corporation was a major employer in the city in the post-war era, but in the early 1980s financial difficulties led to attempts to streamline its operations in Dundee. This led to industrial action and after a major strike in 1993 the company completely withdrew from Dundee. | [
"SCO Dundee, Tay Rail Bridge.jpg",
"Dundee Harbour, late 19th century (imp-cswc-GB-237-CSWC47-LS2-005).jpg"
] | [
"Modern era"
] | [
"History of Dundee",
"Dundee",
"History of Scotland by council area"
] |
projected-06899844-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Industrial revolution | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | After the Union with England ended military hostilities, Dundee was able to redevelop its harbour and established itself as an industrial and trading centre. Dundee's industrial heritage is traditionally summarised as "the three Js": jute, jam and journalism. East-central Scotland became too heavily dependent on linens, hemp, and jute. Despite Indian competition and the cyclical nature of the trade which periodically ruined weaker companies, profits held up well in the 19th century. Typical firms were family affairs, even after the introduction of limited liability in the 1890s. The profits, either taken from the firms or left on interest, helped make the city an important source of overseas investment, especially in North America. The profits were seldom invested locally, apart from the linen trade, because low wages limited local consumption, and because there were no important natural resources, the region offered little opportunity for profitable industrial diversification. | [
"Cox's stack 02SEP05.jpg"
] | [
"Industrial revolution"
] | [
"History of Dundee",
"Dundee",
"History of Scotland by council area"
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projected-06899844-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Linen | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | Linen formed the basis for the growth of the textile industry in Dundee. During the 18th and 19th Centuries, flax was imported from the countries surrounding the Baltic Sea for the production of linen. The trade supported 36 spinning mills by 1835, but various conflicts, including the Crimean War, put a stop to the trade. Textiles thus formed an important part of the economy long before the introduction of jute, but it was jute for rope-making and rough fabrics that helped put Dundee on the map of world trade. Dundee's first flax mills, at Guthrie Street and Chapelshade, appeared in 1793. The industry suffered a slump in the early 19th century, but recovered after a few years, and the years 1821 and 1822 saw 12 mills built in Dundee and Lochee.
The Dundee firm Baxter Brothers, which owned and operated the large Dens Works complex, was the world's largest linen manufacturer from around 1840 until 1890. The firm began in 1822 when William Baxter, who had previously operated a mill at Glamis, and his son Edward built a mill on the Dens Burn. In 1825 Edward left the company and two younger brothers joined as partners, the firm being renamed Baxter Brothers and Co. The company became part of the Low and Bonar Group, jute merchants and manufacturers, in 1924. Baxter Brothers traded as an entity within Low and Bonar until 1978. The Baxters also had a long term interest in the Claverhouse Bleachfield located slightly to the north of Dundee, and now within the city's boundaries. The bleachfield, used for boiling and bleaching linen and yarn was in use from the eighteenth century. From 1814 it was operated by Turnbull & Co, a company which members of the Baxter family were involved in and which evolved into Boase & Co. In 1892 Baxter Brothers owned 55% of the shares in Boase & Co. and eventually assumed complete ownership of the firm in 1921. Baxter Brothers' extensive archives, including highly detailed plans of Dens Works, are now held by Archive Services, University of Dundee. The Baxter family's money was crucial to establishing University College Dundee, now the University of Dundee and the Dundee Technical Institute, now the University of Abertay. University College's co-founder and principal benefactor was William Baxter's daughter, Mary Ann Baxter. Edward Baxter's grandson Sir George Washington Baxter, was later president of the college. William's son Sir David Baxter left the bequest which would later be used to found the Technical Institute.
Another major linen works was Stobswell Works in Dura Street which was built in the 1860s. It was originally owned by Laing and Sandeman and later Laing Brothers, before becoming the base of the Buist Spinning Company in 1900. | [] | [
"Industrial revolution",
"Linen"
] | [
"History of Dundee",
"Dundee",
"History of Scotland by council area"
] |
projected-06899844-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Jute | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | Jute is a rough fibre from India used to make sacking, burlap, twine and canvass. By the 1830s, it was discovered that treatment with whale oil, a byproduct of Dundee's whaling industry, made the spinning of the jute fibre possible, which led to the development of a substantial jute industry in the city which created jobs for rural migrants. The industry was also notable for employing a high proportion of women. In 1901 25,000 women were employed in the jute industry, with women accounting for more than 70% of the industry's workers in Dundee. By 1911 the percentage of persons employed in Dundee's jute industry who were women had risen to 75%. Dundee's jute industry was also notable in that a relatively high number of those employed in it were married women, which was unusual for the time. In 1911 a total of 31,500 were employed in the jute industry in Dundee, which accounted for 40.4% of all of the city's workers.
The first jute related patent in Dundee was granted in 1852 to David Thomson. Thomson had been an apprentice to the jute pioneer James Neish and had founded his business in 1848. This later evolved into Thomson, Shepherd & Co. Ltd, whose Seafield Works in Taylor's Lane operated until 1986.
Several large industrial complexes grew up in the city in the nineteenth century to house the jute industry, including Camperdown Works in Lochee which was the world's largest jute works. It was owned by Cox Brothers, whose family had been involved in the linen trade in Lochee since the early eighteenth century, and was constructed from 1850 onwards. By 1878 it had its own railway branch and employed 4,500 workers, a total which had risen to 5,000 by 1900. Like several of Dundee's jute manufacturers, Cox Brothers became a part of Jute Industries Ltd, which was formed by the amalgamation of several Dundee jute firms in 1920. J Ernest Cox, the grandson of one of the founders of the firm, became chairman of Jute Industries in 1920 and would hold this position until 1948. Camperdown works closed in 1981. Caldrum Works, built 1872–1873, and operated by Harry Walker & Sons, was Dundee's (and Britain's) second largest jute mill by the 1920s. In 1913 the works covered 8 acres of ground. Like Cox Brothers, Harry Walker of sons became a part of Jute Industries in 1920.
Another firm which became part of jute industries in 1920 was J. & A. D. Grimond Ltd, who owned the Bowbridge works in the Hilltown area. Jute Industries also included Gilroy Sons & Co Ltd, which was founded by three brothers in 1849. Gilroys was among the first companies in Dundee to directly import jute from India and its products included sacks, hessians and canvas. Jute Industries became Sidlaw Industries Ltd in 1971. Low & Bonar Ltd, who opened the Eagle Jute Mills in the city in 1930, and who had acquired Baxter Brothers in 1924, also were a major jute firm, expanding their interests in this area with the 1953 acquisition of Henry Boase & Co.
Another major textile presence in Dundee was Don Brothers, Buist & Co. This was formed in the 1860s when the Forfar firm of William and John Don & Co and A J Buist, the owners of Ward Mills in Dundee. In 1867 the firm built the New Mill in Dundee's Lindsay Street. In the 1960s Don Brothers, Buist and Co merged with the textile merchants Low Brothers & Co (Dundee) Ltd to form Don and Low, a group which eventually owned or operated several other textile firms. Low Brothers had themselves earlier taken control of Alexander Henderson & Son Ltd a Dundee jute spinning firm that had been founded in 1833 and based at South Dudhope Works.
Caird (Dundee) Ltd traced their origins back to 1832 when Edward Caird began to manufacture cloth in 12-loom shed at Ashton Works. Caird was a pioneer in Dundee in the weaving of cloth composed of jute warp and weft. In 1870 his son James Key Caird, later noted as philanthropist, took over the business. He greatly expanded it, rebuilding and extending Ashton Works and acquiring Craigie Works. Cairds at one time employed 2,000 hands and its mills were described by the Dundee Advertiser in 1916 as being 'a model of comfort for the workers'. William Halley and Sons Ltd was also founded in 1832 and operated Wallace Craigie Works. The boom in the price of jute caused by the American Civil War saw the works double in size and by 1946 it had 3,312 spindles and 130 looms. In 1857 Hugh & Alexander Scott founded H. & A. Scott, Manufacturers which was based at Tayfield Works, Seafield Road. This firm, which eventually moved into polypropylene manufacture as well as jute and other textiles, survived until 1985 when it was taken over by Amoco UK Ltd.
By the end of the 19th century the majority of Dundee's working population were employed in jute manufacture, but the industry began to decline in 1914, when it became cheaper to rely on imports of the finished product from India. (Dundee's 'jute barons' had invested heavily in Indian factories). By 1951 only 18.5% of Dundee's workforce was employed in the jute industry, with the total number of female workers employed in the industry declining by 62%. In 1942, the Ashton Works were requisitioned by the Government and taken over by "Briggs Motor Bodies Ltd" for the production of jerrycans. Ten million were produced by the time of derequisition in 1946. The Cragie works closed for economic reasons at the end of 1954 when a study found that it was not viable to modernised equipment; production was subsequently moved to Ashton works. Commercial jute production in Dundee ceased in the 1970s, particularly after the cessation of jute control on 30 April 1969. Some manufacturers successfully diversified to produce synthetic fibres and linoleum for a short time. The last of the jute spinners closed in 1999. From a peak of over 130 mills, many have since been demolished, although around sixty have been redeveloped for residential or other commercial use.
The Association of Jute Spinners and Manufacturers was founded in Dundee in 1918. Its initial aim was to act as a cartel to help the prices of its members' products. However, it soon evolved into a significant employers' organisation. It also concerned itself with all national and local legislation which impacted upon the jute industry and aimed to foster good relations between workers and employers. Initially the Association had 56 members in the Dundee and Tayport area alone, but by 1982 there were only 8 spinners or manufacturers of jute left in the United Kingdom.
An award-winning museum, based in the old Verdant Works, commemorates the city's manufacturing heritage and operates a small jute-processing facility. Archive Services at the University of Dundee hold a wide range of collections relating to the textile industry in Dundee, including the records of many of the major jute works. | [] | [
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"Jute"
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"History of Dundee",
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projected-06899844-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Jam | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | Dundee's association with jam stems from Janet Keiller's 1797 'invention' of marmalade. Mrs. Keiller allegedly devised the recipe in order to make use of a cargo-load of bitter Seville oranges acquired from a Spanish ship by her husband. This account is most likely apocryphal, as recipes for marmalade have been found dating back to the 16th century, with the Keillers likely to have developed their marmalade by modifying an existing recipe for quince marmalade. Nevertheless, marmalade became a famed Dundee export after Alex Keiller, James' son, industrialised the production process during the 19th century.
The Keillers originally started selling their produce from a small sweet shop in the Seagate area of the city which specialised in selling locally preserved fruit and jams. In 1845, Alex Keiller moved the business from the Seagate and into a new larger premises on Castle Street. Later, he also later bought premises in Guernsey to take advantage of the lack of sugar duties. The Guernsey premises accounted for a third of the firm's output but still carried the Dundee logo. The Guernsey plant was closed in 1879 due to lack of profitability and was moved to North Woolwich where it was brought back under the control of the Dundee branch. Though iconic to the city, jam was never a major sector of the city's industry, employing approximately 300 people at its peak compared to the thousands who worked in the Jute industry at the same time. Today traditional marmalade production has become the preserve of larger businesses, but distinctive white jars of Keiller's marmalade can still be bought. For many years, these were made by the Maling pottery of Newcastle upon Tyne. | [] | [
"Industrial revolution",
"Jam"
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"History of Dundee",
"Dundee",
"History of Scotland by council area"
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projected-06899844-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Journalism | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | Journalism in Dundee generally refers to the publishing company of D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd. Founded in 1905 by David Coupar Thomson and still owned and managed by the Thomson family, the firm publishes a variety of newspapers, children's comics and magazines, including The Sunday Post, The Courier, Shout and children's publications, The Beano and The Dandy. Journalism is the only "J" still existing in the city and, with the company's headquarters on Albert Square and extensive premises at Kingsway East, D.C. Thomson remains one of the city's largest employers after local government and the health service, employing nearly 2000 people. | [] | [
"Journalism"
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"History of Dundee",
"Dundee",
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projected-06899844-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Maritime industry | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | As Dundee is located on a major estuary, it developed a maritime industry both as a whaling port (since 1753) and in shipbuilding. In 1857, the whaling ship Tay was the first in the world to be fitted with steam engines. By 1872 Dundee had become the premier whaling port of the British Isles, partly due to the local jute industry's demand for whale oil for use in the processing of its cloth. Over 2,000 ships were built in the city between 1871 and 1881. The last whaling ship to be built at Dundee was in 1884. The whaling industry ended around 1912. The last connection between Dundee and the whaling industry ended in 1922 with the loss of the trading ketch, 'Easonian', which was owned by the Dundee-based shipping agents and charter company Robert Kinnes & Sons. Kinnes & Sons had been formed in 1883 by the managing director of the Tay Whale Fishing Company.
In December 1883, a whale was caught in the Tay and was later publicly dissected by Professor John Struthers of the University of Aberdeen. The incident was popular with the public and extra rail journeys were organised to assist those from surrounding areas who wished to see the whale. The creature became known as the Tay Whale, and the event was also celebrated in a poem by William McGonagall.
The Dundee Perth and London Shipping Company (DPLC) ran steamships down the Tay from Perth and on to Hull and London. The firm still exists, but is now a travel agency. However, shipbuilding shrank with the closure of the five berths at the former Caledon Shipbuilding & Engineering Company in 1981, and came to an end altogether in 1987 when the Kestrel Marine yard was closed with the loss of 750 jobs.
, the ship taken to the Antarctic by Robert Falcon Scott and the last wooden three-masted ship to be built in the British Isles, was built in Dundee in 1901. It returned to Dundee in April 1986 initially being moored in Victoria Dock. Since 1992 Discovery has been moored next to a purpose-built visitors' centre, Discovery Point. The oldest wooden British warship still afloat, , is moored in Victoria Dock, although it was not built in Dundee. Dundee was also the home port of the Antarctic Dundee whaling expedition of 1892 which discovered Dundee Island, named after the expedition's home port. The steamship , best known for its reported inaction during the sinking of RMS Titanic was built in Dundee. | [
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"History of Dundee",
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projected-06899844-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Harbour and wharfs | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | A coastal city with a major maritime industry, Dundee's harbour has long been of importance. As early as 1447 King James II of Scotland granted letters patent to Dundee's Council granting them the right to collect dues on goods coming in via the port. In 1770 the harbour was remodelled by John Smeaton, who introduced water tunnels to tackle the perennial problems caused by the vast quantities of silt washed down the Tay which formed sandbanks in the harbour, thus blocking it. In 1815 a Harbour Act was passed which moved control of the harbour from the Town Council to a Board of Harbour Commissioners. Under their guidance the harbour was greatly expanded from the 1820s with the addition of King William IV Dock, Earl Grey Dock, Victoria Dock and Camperdown Dock. In 1844 a triumphal arch made of timber was erected at the entrance of the harbour to mark the arrival, by sea, of Queen Victoria on her way to her first holiday in Aberdeenshire. In 1849 a competition was held to design a replacement permanent structure. The competition was won by a design submitted by James Thomas Rochead. The resulting Royal Arch quickly became one of Dundee's most iconic symbols. King William IV Dock and the Early Grey Dock were filled in by the 1960s during the construction of the Tay Road Bridge and its approach roads, with the Royal Arch being demolished at the same time. The Arch is the subject of a famous photograph by the photojournalist Michael Peto.
Dundee still has several wharfs. The most prominent wharfs are King George V, Caledon West, Princess Alexandra, Eastern and Caledon East. The Victoria Dock was built in the 19th century to serve the loading of major imports of jute. Activity ceased in the 1960s and the wharf was out of service for forty years. It has since been redeveloped into a shopping wharf known as City Quay. The Quay has a 500-yard Millennium Bridge spanning its eastern quay which swings round to allow ships in. Camperdown docklands is also being redeveloped in a manner similar to Canary Wharf in London and is scheduled for completion in 2008. The last wharf to be built in Dundee was at Stannergate for the shipbuilders Kestrel Marine. It was formally opened by Charles, Prince of Wales on 17 July 1979 and named after him. | [] | [
"Harbour and wharfs"
] | [
"History of Dundee",
"Dundee",
"History of Scotland by council area"
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projected-06899844-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Tay Bridge Disaster | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | In 1878 a new railway bridge over the Tay was opened, connecting the rail network at Dundee to Fife and Edinburgh. Its completion was commemorated in verse by William McGonagall. About two years after completion, the bridge collapsed under the weight of a full train of passengers during a fierce storm. All on board the train were lost and some bodies were never recovered. McGonagall's The Tay Bridge Disaster recounts the tragedy in verse. perhaps one of his best known poems. The public inquiry of the Tay Bridge disaster in 1880 found that the bridge had been "badly designed, badly built and badly maintained" and Sir Thomas Bouch was blamed for the catastrophe. He had under-designed the structure and used brittle cast iron for critical components, especially the lugs which held tensioned tie bars in the towers. It was these lugs which fractured first and destabilised the towers in the high girders section. The bolt holes in the lugs were cast, and had a conical section, so all the load was concentrated at a sharp outer edge. Such conical bolt holes were used for critical horizontal strut lugs as well, and weakened the structure substantially. The towers of the high girder section were heavily loaded and were very top heavy, making then susceptible to toppling. The towers failed during the storm as the train was travelling over, and a chain reaction followed as each of the towers in the high girders section collapsed. In 1887 the bridge was replaced by William Henry Barlow with a much more substantial bridge, which was at that time the longest railway bridge in Europe, at just over long (Europe's longest bridge today is the Oresund Bridge). | [
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projected-06899844-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Trams | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | The first municipal public transport in Dundee was operated by Dundee and District Tramways. From 1877, these were generally horse-drawn, but by June 1885 steam cars with green and white livery were introduced. Unusually, the tram lines were publicly built and owned, although initially leased by police commissionaires to private companies.
All routes came under direct municipal control in 1893, which allowed the city to adopt overhead electric lines to power the trams. Between 1899 and 1902 the tramways were fully electrified. The first electric tram in Dundee started on 12 July 1900. The route ran from High Street to Ninewells in the West via Nethergate and Perth Road with a later route running to Dryburgh in the North. The peak of the tram network was in 1932, when 79 lines operated in the city. By 1951, many of the trams had not been updated. At least a third of the stock was over 50 years old. A study led by the Belfast transport consultant, Colonel R McCreary showed that the cost of trams compared with bus service was 26.700 and 21.204 pence per mile, respectively. He advocated abandoning the tramway system in 1952. In October 1956, the last trams were quietly taken out of service. On the evening of 20 October 1956 the last tram (#25) went to Maryfield Depot. Over 5,000 people witnessed the tram leaving the depot at 12:31 am to go to the Lochee depot. All remaining cars were reduced to scrap by burning. | [] | [
"Public transport",
"Trams"
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"History of Dundee",
"Dundee",
"History of Scotland by council area"
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projected-06899844-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Buses | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | The first trolleybuses in Scotland were introduced along Clepington Road in Dundee during 1912–1914. However, motor buses were gradually introduced from 1921 to supplement the tram system, and double-decker buses appeared ten years later. Electric-powered operated by "Dundee Corporation Electricity Works" were still used in parts of the city until 1961. In 1975, Dundee Corporation Transport became part of the new Tayside Regional Council. Tayside adopted a new dark blue, white and light blue livery for its buses, replacing the former dark green. The Volvo Ailsa double deck bus became standard in the Tayside fleet during the 1970s and 1980s. In 1986, following bus deregulation, Tayside Buses was formed as a separate company. It was later privatised and bought out by National Express and now trades as Xplore Dundee.
Dundee (and the surrounding countryside) was also served by buses of Walter Alexander (part of the state-owned Scottish Transport Group), which was rebranded as Northern Scottish in the early 1960s. In the 1980s the Tayside operation of Northern Scottish became a separate company, Strathtay Scottish. The company was privatised in the late 1980s. | [] | [
"Public transport",
"Buses"
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"History of Dundee",
"Dundee",
"History of Scotland by council area"
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projected-06899844-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Rail | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | Rail transport in Dundee began with the Dundee and Newtyle Railway Company which was formed in 1826 and was the first railway to be built in the North of Scotland. The railway linking Dundee with Newtyle opened in 1832 and was eventually part of the Caledonian Railway. This was followed by the Dundee and Arbroath Railway Company which was incorporated in May 1836. The line linking Dundee and Arbroath opened in October 1838 from a temporary terminus near Craigie, was fully operational by 1840. A route to the west materialised with the founding of the Dundee and Perth Railway Company in 1845. It opened its line two years later, although it was not connected to Perth Station until 1849. The company also leased the Newtyle line from 1846 and the Arbroath line from 1848.
By the end of the late 1870s Dundee had three main stations, Dundee (Tay Bridge), serving the North British Railway and its connections, Dundee West, the Caledonian Railway station for Perth and Glasgow, which was rebuilt in a grand style in 1889–1890, and the smaller Dundee East on the Dundee and Arbroath Joint Railway. Various plans were put forward to concentrate all Dundee's railway facilities in a new central station. This idea was first mooted in 1864 by John Leng, then the editor of the Dundee Advertiser, and the idea re-emerged in 1872 following the start of work on the Tay Rail Bridge. The concept was also put forward for a final time in 1896. Various sites for a central station were put forwardincluding building it between the High Street and the harbour, between the Murraygate and the Meadows and on a waterfront site created by partially filling in two of Dundee's docks. However none of these proposals were ever released and the three distinct stations survived as independent entities.
Dundee formerly had commuter train services linking Dundee (Tay Bridge) station with Wormit and Newport-on-Tay. These ceased following the opening of the Tay Road Bridge. Other commuter train services to Invergowrie, Balmossie, Broughty Ferry and Monifieth have been substantially reduced since the 1980s. Dundee East closed in 1959 and Dundee West station closed in the 1960s, with all traffic being diverted to Tay Bridge station (now simply known as Dundee station). | [] | [
"Public transport",
"Rail"
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"History of Dundee",
"Dundee",
"History of Scotland by council area"
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projected-06899844-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Tay Ferry | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | A passenger and vehicle ferry service across the River Tay operated from Craigie Pier, Dundee, to Newport-on-Tay. Popularly known in Dundee as "the Fifie", the service was withdrawn in August 1966, being replaced by the newly opened Tay Road Bridge.
Three vessels latterly operated the service – the paddle steamer B. L. Nairn (of 1929) and the two more modern ferries Abercraig and Scotscraig, which were both equipped with Voith Schneider Propellers. | [] | [
"Public transport",
"Tay Ferry"
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"History of Dundee",
"Dundee",
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projected-06899844-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Hospitals | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | The original Town Hospital in Dundee was founded in what is now the Nethergate in 1530 to provide for the support of the sick and elderly persons dwelling in the burgh and run by the Trinitarians. After the Reformation its running was taken over by the town council and it was used to house and care for a dozen 'decayed burgesses'. The original building was replaced in about 1678. During the 18th century it was decided it was better to care for the needy in their own homes and the hospital was then used for other purposes. Tay Street was built on its extensive gardens, and St Andrews Cathedral was later erected on the site of the hospital itself.
In 1798 an infirmary was opened in King Street which would serve as the principal hospital in Dundee for almost 200 years. This hospital was granted a Royal Charter by George III in 1819, after which it became known as the "Dundee Royal Infirmary and Asylum". In 1820 the asylum was formally established as a separate entity in its own premises in Albert Street, and the hospital in King Street became Dundee Royal Infirmary (commonly known as DRI). The infirmary moved to larger premises in Barrack Road in 1855. The asylum received a Royal Charter from Queen Victoria in 1875 and became known as Dundee Royal Lunatic Asylum. In 1879 work began on a new site for the asylum at Westgreen Farm, Liff to which all patients had been transferred by October 1882. A second building, Gowrie House was erected to the south of Westgreen for private patients. From 1903 Westgreen was owned and operated by the Dundee District Lunacy Board as Dundee District Asylum, while Gowrie House continued as Dundee Royal Lunatic Asylum. The two were recombined in 1959 as Dundee Royal Mental Hospital and later became known as Royal Dundee Liff Hospital.
During an outbreak of cholera in 1832, a building in Lower Union Street was converted into an isolation hospital, but was refitted for use as lodgings after the epidemic was over. Other temporary isolation facilities were used later in the century, but in 1889 King's Cross Hospital was opened in Clepington Road as Dundee's first permanent fever hospital. By 1913 it had expanded its facilities from two wards to seven. It was run by the town council until the creation of the National Health Service. From 1929 the town council also ran Maryfield Hospital, Stobswell, which had formerly been the East Poorhouse Hospital. The hospital eventually took over the entire site of the East Poorhouse and served as Dundee's second main hospital after DRI.
Slightly to the north of Dundee was Baldovan Institution founded in 1852 as 'an orphanage, hospital and place of education and training for 'imbecile' children'. Its foundation was largely thanks to the benevolence of Sir John and Lady Jane Ogilvy. The asylum and the orphanage were later separated, with the former evolving into Strathmartine Hospital (that name being adopted in 1959). Strathmartine was progressively decommissioned from the late 1980s, closing completely in 2003. In 2014 Heritage Lottery Funding was award to a project to for former residents and staff at Strathmartine Hospital to record their stories of the hospital. The project is led by the Thera Trust and involves the University of Dundee, the dundee Local History Group, Advocating Together and the Living Memory Association.
In 1899 the Victoria Hospital for Incurables was set up in Jedbrugh Road to provide long term nursing care for the terminally ill. This would later become Royal Victoria Hospital. In 1959 it gained a geriatric ward and is now mainly used for patients over the age of 65, and is also home to the Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation. In 1980 the remaining patients at the Sidlaw Hospital, a former sanitorium that was latterly used as a convalescent home and to provide respite care, were transferred to the Royal Victoria.
A hospital for women, known as Dundee Women's Hospital and Nursing Home, was opened in 1897. Originally in Seafield Road, it aimed to provide surgical care for women at a low price. This hospital moved to Elliott Road and eventually closed in the 1970s.
A hospital for dental treatment, Dundee Dental Hospital, opened in 1914 in Park Place. During the First World War the hospital provided dental services to regular and territorial soldiers. In 1916 the hospital was extended to include a dental school. It became part of the NHS in 1948, and new premises in Park Place opened in 1968. The Dental School is part of the University of Dundee. In the 1980s closure of the Dental School was proposed by the University Grants Committee. This was strongly resisted and a successful campaign led by the university resulted in its retention.
After World War II it soon became apparent that Dundee's existing hospital facilities were insufficient. They also provided inadequate teaching facilities for the medical students at what was to become the University of Dundee. A new hospital was planned, and after several delays was opened at Ninewells in 1974. The opening of Ninewells Hospital led to the closure of Maryfield to patients in 1976, although some of its buildings were retained for use for administration purposes. Dundee Royal Infirmary's functions were also gradually transferred to Ninewells and it closed in 1998. In the 1990s and 2000s many of King’s Cross Hospital’s functions were also moved to Ninewells, but it still retains a number of outpatient departments and also serves as the headquarters of NHS Tayside. | [] | [
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projected-06899844-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Coat of arms | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | The city’s coat of arms is a pot of 3 silver lilies on a blue shield supported by two green dragons. Above the shield is a single lily and above that a scroll with the motto Dei Donum, gift of God.
The blue colour of the shield is said to represent the cloak of the Virgin Mary while the silver (white) lilies are also closely associated with her. There is an early carving in the city’s Old Steeple, showing a similar coat of arms with Mary, protecting her child with a shield from dragons. Following an Act of Parliament passed in 1672, Dundee’s 'new' coat of arms was matriculated in the office of the Lord Lyon King of Arms on 30 July 1673. However, by this time Scotland had become a Presbyterian nation, and any such idolatry of the Virgin Mary would have been frowned upon, leading to the more subtle symbolism that appears today. There are different theories as to why Dragons came to be used as supporters. One is that on the earlier arms they represent the violent sea that the Virgin Mary protected David from. Another is that they relate to the local legend of the Strathmartine Dragon.
Over the years small changes crept in until in 1932 the City Council decided to ask the Lord Lyon King of Arms about the correct form. Amongst other differences he pointed out that the dragons on the coat of arms were actually wyverns. (Although closely related wyverns have only two legs while dragons have four.) The coat of arms above the Eastern Cemetery gateway shows wyverns instead of dragons and three lilies above the shield instead of one. It was decided to go back to the original form with dragon supporters and one lily and to add a second motto 'Prudentia et Candore' – Wisdom and Truth.
The coat of arms was slightly modified in 1975 when the City of Dundee District Council was created under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973. A coronet, with thistle heads, was incorporated; this emblem being common to the coats of arms of all Scottish district councils. A further modification took place in 1996, when the District Council was replaced by the current Dundee City Council; the design of the coronet was revised to the present format. | [] | [
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projected-06899844-023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Winston Churchill | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | Between 1908 and 1922, one of the city's Members of Parliament was Winston Churchill, at that time a member of the (Coalition) Liberal Party. He had won the seat at a by-election on 8 May 1908 and was initially popular, especially as he was the President of the Board of Trade and, later, senior Cabinet minister. However, his frequent absence from Dundee on cabinet business, combined with the local bitterness and disillusionment that was caused by the Great War strained this relationship. In the buildup to the 1922 general election, even the local newspapers contained vitriolic rhetoric with regards to his political status in the city. At a one meeting he was only able to speak for 40 minutes when he was barracked by a section of the audience. Prevented from campaigning in the final days of his reelection campaign by appendicitis, his wife Clementine was even spat on for wearing pearls. Churchill was ousted by the Scottish Prohibitionist Edwin Scrymgeour – Scrymgeour's sixth election attempt – and indeed came only fourth in the poll. Churchill would later write that he left Dundee "short of an appendix, seat and party". In 1943 he was offered Freedom of the City – by 16 votes to 15 – but refused to accept. On being asked by the council to expand on his reasons, he simply wrote: "I have nothing to add to the reply which has already been sent". | [] | [
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projected-06899844-024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Dundee | History of Dundee | Notable Dundonians and people associated with Dundee | Dundee () is the fourth-largest city in Scotland with a population of around 150,000 people. It is situated on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the east coast of the Central Lowlands of Scotland. The Dundee area has been settled since the Mesolithic with evidence of Pictish habitation beginning in the Iron Age. During the Medieval Era the city became a prominent trading port and was the site of many battles. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, the local jute industry caused the city to grow rapidly. In this period, Dundee also gained prominence due to its marmalade industry and its journalism, giving Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism". | Mary Ann Baxter – co-founder of University College, Dundee
Hector Boece – Scottish philosopher
Mary Brooksbank (1897–1978) – revolutionary and songwriter
James MacLellan Brown (c.1886-1967) – City Architect, designer of the Mills Observatory (1935)
James Key Caird – Jute baron and philanthropist
Brian Cox – actor
William Alexander Craigie – philologist and lexicographer
John Dair – TV Actor
George Dempster of Dunnichen and Skibo (1732–1818) – advocate, landowner, agricultural improver, politician and business man
Thomas Dick – Scottish writer
James Alfred Ewing – physicist and engineer
Margaret Fairlie – gynaecologist; First woman to hold professorial chair in Scotland
Margaret Fenwick – the first woman General Secretary of a British trade union
David Ferguson (died 1598) – reformer
Matthew Fitt (born 1968) – Scots poet and novelist, National Scots Language Development Officer.
Williamina Paton Stevens Fleming – Scottish astronomer, noted for her discovery of the Horsehead Nebula
Neil Forsyth (born 1978) – journalist and author, best known for creating the character Bob Servant
Mark Fotheringham – professional footballer
George Galloway – politician & former Member of Parliament
Sir Patrick Geddes (1854-1932) – Professor of Botany at University College, Dundee, urban planner and sociologist
George Gilfillan (1813–1878) – author and poet, pastor of a Secession congregation in Dundee
Professor Sir Alexander Gray (1882–1968) – civil servant, economist, academic, translator, writer and poet
James Haldane (1768–1851) – theologian and missionary
Thomas James Henderson – astronomer
W. N. Herbert (born 1961) – poet
Florence Horsbrugh – Dundee's only female and Conservative M.P. and later the first female Conservative Cabinet Minister
Ken Hyder – musician and journalist
James Ivory – mathematician
Lorraine Kelly – TV Presenter and journalist
Bella Keyzer – welder and equal pay activist
Alexander Crawford Lamb – antiquarian, author of Dundee: Its Quaint and Historic Buildings
Joseph Lee – poet, artist and journalist
James Bowman Lindsay (1799–1862) – inventor and author
Billy Mackenzie – singer
William Lyon Mackenzie – first Mayor of Toronto
Thomas John MacLagan (1838–1903) – physician and pharmacologist
Iain Macmillan (1938-2006) – photographer, work including the photograph for The Beatles' album Abbey Road
William McGonagall – Poet
Robert Murray M'Cheyne (1813–1843) – minister of religion, serving in St. Peter's Church (Dundee) from 1838
Richard (Dick) McTaggart – Olympic gold medalist (Boxer)
Eddie Mair – broadcaster
Michael Marra – musician
George Mealmaker (1768–1808) – waver, radical organiser and writer
Helen Meechie (1938–2000) – CBE, Brigadier and Director of the Women's Royal Army Corps – Career
John Mylne (died 1621) – Master Mason to the Crown of Scotland
Don Paterson (born 1963) – poet, writer and musician
G. C. Peden – emeritus professor of history at Stirling University
Sam Robertson – Actor
Agnes L. Rogers – educational psychologist
Edwin Scrymgeour – Britain's first (and only) Prohibitionist M.P.
Mary Slessor (1848–1915) – missionary to Nigeria
Thomas Smith (1752–1814) – early lighthouse engineer
Bob Stewart – Comintern agent
Robert Stirling Newall – engineer and astronomer
Bruce James Talbert (1838–1881) – architect and interior designer
Sir D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson (1860–1948) – biologist, mathematician, and classics scholar
David Coupar Thomson (1861–1954) – proprietor of the newspaper and publishing company D. C. Thomson & Co. Ltd
James Thomson (died 1927) – City Engineer, City Architect, and Housing Director of Dundee
Dudley D. Watkins (1907-1969) – cartoonist and illustrator
Preston Watson – (1880-1915) – aeronautical pioneer and aviator
Kieren Webster – musician
James Wedderburn (c.1495–1553) – poet and playwright
James Wedderburn (1585–1639) – bishop of Dunblane, grandson of the poet James Wedderburn
John Wedderburn (c.1505–1553) – poet and theologian
Robert Wedderburn (c.1510–c.1555) – poet and vicar
David Dougal Williams (June 1888-27 September 1944) – artist and Dundee art teacher
Alexander Wilkie – Scotland's first Labour M.P.
Alexander Wilson (died 1922) – noted amateur photographer, working in Dundee
Gordon Wilson (1938-2017) – former leader of the Scottish National Party and M.P. for Dundee East 1974–1987
Fanny Wright – leading US feminist
David Jones – Video Game Developer, creator of Lemmings, Grand Theft Auto and Crackdown game series and founder of DMA Design (now Rockstar North). | [] | [
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