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projected-06900137-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annalena%20Tonelli | Annalena Tonelli | Biography | Annalena Tonelli (2 April 1943 – 5 October 2003) was an Italian lawyer and social activist. She worked for 33 years in East Africa, where she focused on tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment, campaigns for eradication of female genital mutilation, and special schools for hearing-impaired, blind and disabled children. In June 2003, Tonelli was awarded the Nansen Refugee Award, which is given annually by the UNHCR to recognize outstanding service to the cause of refugees. In October 2003, she was killed inside her hospital by two gunmen. She is a candidate for sainthood within the Catholic Church in Somalia | Annalena Tonelli was born in 1943 in Forlì, Italy. She studied Law, becoming a lawyer after graduation.
After "six years of service to poor people of the suburbs, to orphan children, mentally or physically disabled or abused kids" of her own town, in 1969, the then 25-year-old Tonelli went to Africa supported by the Committee Against World Hunger of Forlì, that she had helped to start its activity. | [] | [
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projected-06900137-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annalena%20Tonelli | Annalena Tonelli | Wajir | Annalena Tonelli (2 April 1943 – 5 October 2003) was an Italian lawyer and social activist. She worked for 33 years in East Africa, where she focused on tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment, campaigns for eradication of female genital mutilation, and special schools for hearing-impaired, blind and disabled children. In June 2003, Tonelli was awarded the Nansen Refugee Award, which is given annually by the UNHCR to recognize outstanding service to the cause of refugees. In October 2003, she was killed inside her hospital by two gunmen. She is a candidate for sainthood within the Catholic Church in Somalia | In 1969 Tonelli moved to Kenya, where she began working as a teacher at Wajir Secondary School. After some years studied to be a nurse to and spent over a decade in the town of Wajir caring for the destitute and ill.
Already in 1976, Tonelli became responsible for a World Health Organization (WHO) pilot project for treating tuberculosis in nomadic people. Tonelli invited nomadic tuberculotic patients to camp in front of the Rehabilitation Centre for Disabled she was running with other female volunteers who joined her to serve poliomyelitic, blind, deaf-mute, and disabled people. This approach guaranteed patients' compliance in taking the therapy over the needed six-month treatment, and it was adopted by WHO as DOTS (Directly Observed Therapy Short).
Tonelli also created a deaf school in Wajir whose graduates have gone to other parts of Somali-speaking Africa to start schools. At this Wajir deaf school was born Somali Sign Language for the first time.
In 1984, following political and inter-clan clashes, the army of Kenya started a repression campaign against the Degodia Somali clan in the Wajir area known as the Wagalla Massacre. The Degodia were suspected of being Shifta or bandits along the roadways. The Kenyan military rounded up 5000 men and boys and brought them to the Wagalla Airstrip and forced them to lie on the stomachs naked for 5 days. Possibly a thousand were shot, tortured or died of exposure. Annalena brought a couple lorries and her Toyota Serf to the Wagalla Airstrip and attempted to collect the bodies and treat the wounded but was refused. Later she followed the tracks of the military vehicles who were dumping the bodies outside the Wagalla Airstrip. Some were not dead and she rescued them. She brought a journalist to photograph the genocide. She smuggled the photos out with Barbara Lefkow, the wife of an American diplomat to put pressure on the international community. The public denunciation by Annalena Tonelli helped to stop the killings but not before thousands died. The Wagalla Massacre is Kenya's worst human rights violation in its history. Arrested and taken in front of a martial court she was told that the fact she escaped two ambushes was not a guarantee to survive a third one. Due to Tonelli's vehement protests over the Kenyan military's use of violence against the Wajir community, the Kenyan authorities refused to extend her work permit. Tonelli subsequently relocated to Somalia. | [] | [
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projected-06900137-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annalena%20Tonelli | Annalena Tonelli | Somalia | Annalena Tonelli (2 April 1943 – 5 October 2003) was an Italian lawyer and social activist. She worked for 33 years in East Africa, where she focused on tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment, campaigns for eradication of female genital mutilation, and special schools for hearing-impaired, blind and disabled children. In June 2003, Tonelli was awarded the Nansen Refugee Award, which is given annually by the UNHCR to recognize outstanding service to the cause of refugees. In October 2003, she was killed inside her hospital by two gunmen. She is a candidate for sainthood within the Catholic Church in Somalia | Tonelli first settled in the southern port town of Merca, which during the colonial period was part of Italian Somaliland. She later moved to Borama in the northwestern Awdal region, a town in the former British Somaliland protectorate. Tonelli would spend the next 19 years working in Somalia.
In Borama, Tonelli founded a tuberculosis hospital on the grounds of a colonial period facility. Her family and friends in Italy helped finance the hospital, contributing $20,000 a month for maintenance.
In October 2003, Tonelli was assassinated at the tuberculosis hospital she started in Borama by unknown gunmen. There are several rumors about why she was killed. The most plausible is that she was killed by a group who protested her bringing HIV/AIDS patients into Borama. In November, 2002 hundreds of protesters marched in front of her Borama hospital throwing stones and shouting "Death to Annalena." They felt she was spreading the disease in their city. Other rumors say she was killed by a disgruntled former worker who felt she owed him a job or that she was killed by men belonging to Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya.
Two weeks after Tonelli's assassination, Dick and Enid Eyeington were murdered in their flat at the SOS Sheikh Secondary School in the town of Sheekh, situated in the northwestern Somaliland region of Somalia. The assassins possibly belonged to the same terror cell. They were reportedly arrested in 2004, tried and sentenced to death under a local court. | [
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projected-06900137-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annalena%20Tonelli | Annalena Tonelli | Awards | Annalena Tonelli (2 April 1943 – 5 October 2003) was an Italian lawyer and social activist. She worked for 33 years in East Africa, where she focused on tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment, campaigns for eradication of female genital mutilation, and special schools for hearing-impaired, blind and disabled children. In June 2003, Tonelli was awarded the Nansen Refugee Award, which is given annually by the UNHCR to recognize outstanding service to the cause of refugees. In October 2003, she was killed inside her hospital by two gunmen. She is a candidate for sainthood within the Catholic Church in Somalia | In June 2003, Tonelli was presented the Nansen Refugee Award. The prize is given annually by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to recognize outstanding service to the cause of refugees. | [] | [
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"People murdered in Somalia",
"Italian Servants of God",
"21st-century v... |
projected-17327910-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellman%20%26%20Friedman | Hellman & Friedman | Introduction | Hellman & Friedman LLC (H&F) is an American private equity firm, founded in 1984 by Warren Hellman and Tully Friedman, that makes investments primarily through leveraged buyouts as well as growth capital investments. H&F has focused its efforts on several core target industries including media, financial services, professional services and information services. The firm tends to avoid asset intensive or other industrial businesses (e.g., manufacturing, chemicals, transportation). H&F is based in San Francisco, with offices in New York and London. | [] | [
"Introduction"
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"Private equity firms of the United States",
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"Financial services companies established in 1984",
"Hellman family"
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projected-17327910-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellman%20%26%20Friedman | Hellman & Friedman | Founding | Hellman & Friedman LLC (H&F) is an American private equity firm, founded in 1984 by Warren Hellman and Tully Friedman, that makes investments primarily through leveraged buyouts as well as growth capital investments. H&F has focused its efforts on several core target industries including media, financial services, professional services and information services. The firm tends to avoid asset intensive or other industrial businesses (e.g., manufacturing, chemicals, transportation). H&F is based in San Francisco, with offices in New York and London. | Hellman & Friedman was founded in 1984 by Warren Hellman and Tully Friedman. Before H&F, Hellman was a founding partner of Hellman, Ferri Investment Associates, which would later be renamed Matrix Management Company. Today, Matrix is among the most prominent venture capital firms in the U.S. Before that, Hellman worked in investment banking at Lehman Brothers, where he served as president as well as head of the Investment Banking Division and Chairman of Lehman Corporation. Tully Friedman was formerly a managing director at Salomon Brothers. In 1997, Friedman left the firm to found Friedman Fleischer & Lowe, a private equity firm also based in San Francisco. | [] | [
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projected-17327910-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellman%20%26%20Friedman | Hellman & Friedman | Recent | Hellman & Friedman LLC (H&F) is an American private equity firm, founded in 1984 by Warren Hellman and Tully Friedman, that makes investments primarily through leveraged buyouts as well as growth capital investments. H&F has focused its efforts on several core target industries including media, financial services, professional services and information services. The firm tends to avoid asset intensive or other industrial businesses (e.g., manufacturing, chemicals, transportation). H&F is based in San Francisco, with offices in New York and London. | As of 2011, H&F employed approximately 50 investment professionals, including 15 managing directors, 6 principals and 13 associates as well as senior advisors and general counsels. In August 2013, the firm acquired Canada's largest insurance broker, Hub International, for around $4.4 billion. In March 2014, the firm acquired Renaissance Learning, a firm providing assessment methods such as electronic tests that adapt questions in real time depending on how successfully the student is answering, for $1.1 billion in cash.
In February 2015, it was announced that Hellman & Friedman were putting together a takeover bid for used car company Auto Trader, which could amount to an offer of £2 billion. On May 18, 2017, Hellman & Friedman made a A$2.9 billion bid for Fairfax Media in Australia, starting a bidding war with TPG Group for the company.
In May 2016, H&F agreed to a deal to acquire the healthcare cost management company MultiPlan Inc. for about $7.5 billion.
In June 2018, it was announced that Hellman & Friedman were taking a controlling interest in the security monitoring company, SimpliSafe.
In February 2019, it was announced that Hellman & Friedman purchased Ultimate Software for $11 billion, an all-cash transaction. Ultimate Software has since been combined with Kronos Incorporated, and rolled into the brand Ultimate Kronos Group. In December 2019, Hellman & Friedman acquired AutoScout24, a European automotive digital marketplace, for 2.9 billion euros ($3.2 billion).
In 2020, Hellman & Friedman joined Diligent Corporation's Modern Leadership Initiative and pledged to create five new board roles among its portfolio companies for racially diverse candidates.
In July 2021, it was announced that Hellman & Friedman purchased At Home.
In November 2021, H&F and Bain Capital agreed to buy AthenaHealth for $17 Billion. | [] | [
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projected-17327910-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellman%20%26%20Friedman | Hellman & Friedman | Notable holdings | Hellman & Friedman LLC (H&F) is an American private equity firm, founded in 1984 by Warren Hellman and Tully Friedman, that makes investments primarily through leveraged buyouts as well as growth capital investments. H&F has focused its efforts on several core target industries including media, financial services, professional services and information services. The firm tends to avoid asset intensive or other industrial businesses (e.g., manufacturing, chemicals, transportation). H&F is based in San Francisco, with offices in New York and London. | A core element in H&F's strategy is investing in "growth" opportunities whether in an industry sector or a specific company. H&F invests in a variety of structures, frequently making minority investments with only limited controls. Additionally, H&F has taken a number of unconventional steps to finance and close transactions, including arranging and syndicating the financing for several investments including Getty Images and Goodman Global.
Since closing its sixth private equity fund in 2007, H&F has been active in making new investments:
DoubleClick
Goodman Global
Gartmore
Texas Genco
GCM Grosvenor
Nielsen Company
Nasdaq
Internet Brands
OpenLink
PPD
SSP Holdings
Web Reservations International (Hostelworld) | [] | [
"Notable holdings"
] | [
"Private equity firms of the United States",
"Companies based in San Francisco",
"Financial services companies established in 1984",
"Hellman family"
] |
projected-17327910-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellman%20%26%20Friedman | Hellman & Friedman | Investment funds | Hellman & Friedman LLC (H&F) is an American private equity firm, founded in 1984 by Warren Hellman and Tully Friedman, that makes investments primarily through leveraged buyouts as well as growth capital investments. H&F has focused its efforts on several core target industries including media, financial services, professional services and information services. The firm tends to avoid asset intensive or other industrial businesses (e.g., manufacturing, chemicals, transportation). H&F is based in San Francisco, with offices in New York and London. | H&F invests through a series of private equity funds (structured as limited partnerships) and its investors include a variety of pension funds, endowments and other institutional investors:
1984 — Hellman & Friedman I
1991 — Hellman & Friedman II ($826 million)
1995 — Hellman & Friedman III ($1.5 billion)
2000 — Hellman & Friedman IV ($2.2 billion)
2004 — Hellman & Friedman V ($3.5 billion)
2007 — Hellman & Friedman VI ($8.4 billion)
2011 — Hellman & Friedman VII ($8.8 billion)
2014 — Hellman & Friedman VIII ($10.9 billion)
2018 — Hellman & Friedman IX ($16.5 billion)
2021 — Hellman & Friedman X ($24.4 billion)
Source: Preqin | [] | [
"Investment funds"
] | [
"Private equity firms of the United States",
"Companies based in San Francisco",
"Financial services companies established in 1984",
"Hellman family"
] |
projected-17327910-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellman%20%26%20Friedman | Hellman & Friedman | See also | Hellman & Friedman LLC (H&F) is an American private equity firm, founded in 1984 by Warren Hellman and Tully Friedman, that makes investments primarily through leveraged buyouts as well as growth capital investments. H&F has focused its efforts on several core target industries including media, financial services, professional services and information services. The firm tends to avoid asset intensive or other industrial businesses (e.g., manufacturing, chemicals, transportation). H&F is based in San Francisco, with offices in New York and London. | List of venture capital firms | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Private equity firms of the United States",
"Companies based in San Francisco",
"Financial services companies established in 1984",
"Hellman family"
] |
projected-17327911-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittitology | Hittitology | Introduction | Hittitology is the study of the Hittites, an ancient Anatolian people that established an empire around Hattusa in the 2nd millennium BCE. It combines aspects of the archaeology, history, philology, and art history of the Hittite civilisation. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Hittitologists",
"Archaeological sub-disciplines"
] | |
projected-17327911-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittitology | Hittitology | List of Hittitologists | Hittitology is the study of the Hittites, an ancient Anatolian people that established an empire around Hattusa in the 2nd millennium BCE. It combines aspects of the archaeology, history, philology, and art history of the Hittite civilisation. | A partial list of notable Hittite scholars includes:
Selim Adalı
Metin Alparslan
Trevor R. Bryce (born 1940)
Gary Beckman
Jeanny Vorys Canby
Yaşar Coşkun
Philo H. J. Houwink ten Cate (1930–2013)
Birgit Christiansen
Billie Jean Collins
Halet Çambel
Petra Goedegebuure
Albrecht Goetze (1897–1971)
Oliver Gurney (1911–2001)
Hans G. Güterbock (1908–2000)
Harry A. Hoffner (1934–2015)
Theo van den Hout
Bedřich Hrozný (1879–1952)
Sara Kimball
Alwin Kloekhorst
J. G. Macqueen
Gregory McMahon
Craig Melchert
Jared L. Miller
Alice Mouton
Andreas Schachner
Daniel Schwemer
Itamar Singer (1946–2012)
Edgar H. Sturtevant (1875–1952)
Piotr Taracha
Willemijn Waal
Kazuhiko Yoshida
Leonie Zuntz (1908–1942)
Lord Edwin E. Hitti | [] | [
"List of Hittitologists"
] | [
"Hittitologists",
"Archaeological sub-disciplines"
] |
projected-17327911-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittitology | Hittitology | See also | Hittitology is the study of the Hittites, an ancient Anatolian people that established an empire around Hattusa in the 2nd millennium BCE. It combines aspects of the archaeology, history, philology, and art history of the Hittite civilisation. | History of the Hittites
Hittite language
Hittite grammar
Hittite phonology
Assyriology
Egyptology | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Hittitologists",
"Archaeological sub-disciplines"
] |
projected-17327911-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hittitology | Hittitology | References | Hittitology is the study of the Hittites, an ancient Anatolian people that established an empire around Hattusa in the 2nd millennium BCE. It combines aspects of the archaeology, history, philology, and art history of the Hittite civilisation. | *
Category:Archaeological sub-disciplines | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Hittitologists",
"Archaeological sub-disciplines"
] |
projected-17327915-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madness%2C%20Sadness%2C%20Gladness | Madness, Sadness, Gladness | Introduction | Madness, Sadness, Gladness is Picture House's third studio album. It was released in 2003. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"2003 albums",
"Picturehouse (band) albums"
] | |
projected-17327915-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madness%2C%20Sadness%2C%20Gladness | Madness, Sadness, Gladness | Track listing | Madness, Sadness, Gladness is Picture House's third studio album. It was released in 2003. | Breathe
She
Pornstar
Everybody Loves My Girl
Lonely Like The Sun
Drink Talking
Gifted Child
Safe
Breaking In
Wishing On Stars
Keeping Mum (hidden track Of Course It Is)
Category:2003 albums
Category:Picturehouse (band) albums | [] | [
"Track listing"
] | [
"2003 albums",
"Picturehouse (band) albums"
] |
projected-06900141-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Jefferys | Thomas Jefferys | Introduction | Thomas Jefferys (c. 1719 – 1771), "Geographer to King George III", was an English cartographer who was the leading map supplier of his day. He engraved and printed maps for government and other official bodies and produced a wide range of commercial maps and atlases, especially of North America. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1719 births",
"1771 deaths",
"English cartographers",
"18th-century geographers",
"18th-century English people",
"18th-century cartographers"
] | |
projected-06900141-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Jefferys | Thomas Jefferys | Early work | Thomas Jefferys (c. 1719 – 1771), "Geographer to King George III", was an English cartographer who was the leading map supplier of his day. He engraved and printed maps for government and other official bodies and produced a wide range of commercial maps and atlases, especially of North America. | As "Geographer to the Prince of Wales", he produced A Plan of all the Houses, destroyed & damaged by the Great Fire, which began in Exchange Alley Cornhill, on Friday March 25, 1748. He produced The Small English Atlas with Thomas Kitchin, and he engraved plans of towns in the English Midlands. | [] | [
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projected-06900141-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Jefferys | Thomas Jefferys | Maps of North America | Thomas Jefferys (c. 1719 – 1771), "Geographer to King George III", was an English cartographer who was the leading map supplier of his day. He engraved and printed maps for government and other official bodies and produced a wide range of commercial maps and atlases, especially of North America. | In 1754, Jefferys published a Map of the Most Inhabited Part of Virginia which had been surveyed by Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson in 1751. The next year he published a map of New England surveyed by John Green, and in 1768 he published A General Topography of North America and the West Indies in association with Robert Sayer. In 1775, after his death, collections of his maps were published by Sayer as The American Atlas and The West-India Atlas. The American Atlas was reissued in 1776, expanded in response to growing hostilities between the British and the Americans; it contains maps by Joshua Fry, Peter Jefferson, Lewis Evans, and others.
In 1754, Jefferys took a robust and public stance in the controversy with the French on the boundary of Nova Scotia and Acadia, which arose in the time and context of Father Le Loutre's War, which is commonly held to have begun in 1749 and ended with the expulsion of the Acadians in 1755.
Jefferys posthumously lent his name in 1776 to The American Atlas: Or, A Geographical Description Of The Whole Continent Of America. It contains works by, amongst others, Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson. | [
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projected-06900141-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Jefferys | Thomas Jefferys | Maps of English counties | Thomas Jefferys (c. 1719 – 1771), "Geographer to King George III", was an English cartographer who was the leading map supplier of his day. He engraved and printed maps for government and other official bodies and produced a wide range of commercial maps and atlases, especially of North America. | Jefferys commissioned surveys and published maps of several English counties. These were large-scale maps with several sheets for each county; in the case of Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire the scale was two inches to one mile (1:31680).
Bedfordshire, surveyed 1765 by Scots cartographer John Ainslie, published 1765, reprinted 1983
Huntingdonshire, surveyed 1766, published 1768
Oxfordshire, surveyed 1766-67, published (by Andrew Dury) 1767
County Durham, published 1768
Buckinghamshire, surveyed 1766-68 by John Ainslie, published 1770, reprinted 2000
Westmoreland, surveyed 1768, published 1770
Yorkshire, surveyed 1767-70 by John Ainslie, published 1771-72
Cumberland, surveyed 1770-71, published 1774
Northamptonshire, survey (originally by Thomas Eyre) revised 1771, published 1779
After the death of Jefferys, these maps were re-issued by other map publishers such as William Faden. | [] | [
"Maps of English counties"
] | [
"1719 births",
"1771 deaths",
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"18th-century English people",
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projected-06900141-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Jefferys | Thomas Jefferys | See also | Thomas Jefferys (c. 1719 – 1771), "Geographer to King George III", was an English cartographer who was the leading map supplier of his day. He engraved and printed maps for government and other official bodies and produced a wide range of commercial maps and atlases, especially of North America. | Sea of the West | [] | [
"See also"
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"1719 births",
"1771 deaths",
"English cartographers",
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projected-06900141-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Jefferys | Thomas Jefferys | References | Thomas Jefferys (c. 1719 – 1771), "Geographer to King George III", was an English cartographer who was the leading map supplier of his day. He engraved and printed maps for government and other official bodies and produced a wide range of commercial maps and atlases, especially of North America. | Category:1719 births
Category:1771 deaths
Category:English cartographers
Category:18th-century geographers
Category:18th-century English people
Category:18th-century cartographers | [] | [
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projected-17327923-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poplar%20Point%20Light | Poplar Point Light | Introduction | Poplar Point Light (Lighthouse), built in 1831, is an historic lighthouse in North Kingstown, Rhode Island. It stands at the end of Poplar Point, marking the southern point of Wickford Harbor. The lighthouse was built in 1831 with a stone keeper's dwelling and wooden tower. The light was deactivated in 1882 and replaced by the Wickford Harbor Light. It was sold at auction in 1894 and has been altered by later owners. The lighthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The tower is the oldest surviving wooden lighthouse tower in the United States, and the oldest in Rhode Island still standing at its original location. | [] | [
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"Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island",
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"National Register of Historic Places in Washington County,... | |
projected-17327923-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poplar%20Point%20Light | Poplar Point Light | See also | Poplar Point Light (Lighthouse), built in 1831, is an historic lighthouse in North Kingstown, Rhode Island. It stands at the end of Poplar Point, marking the southern point of Wickford Harbor. The lighthouse was built in 1831 with a stone keeper's dwelling and wooden tower. The light was deactivated in 1882 and replaced by the Wickford Harbor Light. It was sold at auction in 1894 and has been altered by later owners. The lighthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The tower is the oldest surviving wooden lighthouse tower in the United States, and the oldest in Rhode Island still standing at its original location. | National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Rhode Island | [] | [
"See also"
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"Houses completed in 1831",
"Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island",
"Buildings and structures in North Kingstown, Rhode Island",
"Lighthouses in Washington County, Rhode Island",
"National Register of Historic Places in Washington County,... |
projected-17327923-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poplar%20Point%20Light | Poplar Point Light | References | Poplar Point Light (Lighthouse), built in 1831, is an historic lighthouse in North Kingstown, Rhode Island. It stands at the end of Poplar Point, marking the southern point of Wickford Harbor. The lighthouse was built in 1831 with a stone keeper's dwelling and wooden tower. The light was deactivated in 1882 and replaced by the Wickford Harbor Light. It was sold at auction in 1894 and has been altered by later owners. The lighthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The tower is the oldest surviving wooden lighthouse tower in the United States, and the oldest in Rhode Island still standing at its original location. | Category:Lighthouses completed in 1831
Category:Houses completed in 1831
Category:Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Category:Buildings and structures in North Kingstown, Rhode Island
Category:Lighthouses in Washington County, Rhode Island
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Rhode Island | [] | [
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"Buildings and structures in North Kingstown, Rhode Island",
"Lighthouses in Washington County, Rhode Island",
"National Register of Historic Places in Washington County,... |
projected-06900142-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragosa%20Beach | Fragosa Beach | Introduction | Fragosa Beach (Praia da Fragosa in Portuguese) is an extensive maritime beach of Póvoa de Varzim, Portugal. It is located in the parish of A Ver-o-Mar. The beach is popular in the summer, but very calm during winter. The beach has white sand and no or very few rocks.
In front of the beach there's Forcado Islet, small and rocky, the islet has the shape of a camel's double hump. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Beaches of Póvoa de Varzim"
] | |
projected-17327928-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maple%2C%20Bailey%20County%2C%20Texas | Maple, Bailey County, Texas | Introduction | Maple is an unincorporated community in Bailey County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 75 in 2000. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Unincorporated communities in Texas",
"Unincorporated communities in Bailey County, Texas"
] | |
projected-17327928-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maple%2C%20Bailey%20County%2C%20Texas | Maple, Bailey County, Texas | Geography | Maple is an unincorporated community in Bailey County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 75 in 2000. | Maple is located along FM 596 in southern Bailey County, about southwest of Muleshoe, south of Lariat, north of Virginia City, and northwest of Lubbock. | [] | [
"Geography"
] | [
"Unincorporated communities in Texas",
"Unincorporated communities in Bailey County, Texas"
] |
projected-17327928-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maple%2C%20Bailey%20County%2C%20Texas | Maple, Bailey County, Texas | History | Maple is an unincorporated community in Bailey County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 75 in 2000. | Named for early settler Maple Wilson, the community was established during the early 1920s. At that time, local ranches were subdivided into farms. A post office opened in 1926. By 1940, Maple had a population of around 600 with six businesses. Throughout the latter half of the 20th century, the community slowly declined. In 1980, around 130 people lived in Maple. That figure had fallen to 75 by 2000.
Maple has a post office with the zip code of 79344. | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Unincorporated communities in Texas",
"Unincorporated communities in Bailey County, Texas"
] |
projected-17327928-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maple%2C%20Bailey%20County%2C%20Texas | Maple, Bailey County, Texas | Education | Maple is an unincorporated community in Bailey County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 75 in 2000. | Since July 1, 2002, public education in the community of Maple has been provided by the Sudan Independent School District, which is based in the Lamb County city of Sudan. Prior to that day, the Maple-based Three Way Independent School District served the community and surrounding areas. The Three Way District began operations in 1945 after the Maple school district consolidated into it. | [] | [
"Education"
] | [
"Unincorporated communities in Texas",
"Unincorporated communities in Bailey County, Texas"
] |
projected-17327928-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maple%2C%20Bailey%20County%2C%20Texas | Maple, Bailey County, Texas | References | Maple is an unincorporated community in Bailey County, Texas, United States. According to the Handbook of Texas, the community had an estimated population of 75 in 2000. | Category:Unincorporated communities in Texas
Category:Unincorporated communities in Bailey County, Texas | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Unincorporated communities in Texas",
"Unincorporated communities in Bailey County, Texas"
] |
projected-17327974-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maple%2C%20Red%20River%20County%2C%20Texas | Maple, Red River County, Texas | Introduction | Maple is an unincorporated community in Red River County, Texas. It lies at an elevation of 377 feet (115 m). | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Unincorporated communities in Texas",
"Unincorporated communities in Red River County, Texas"
] | |
projected-17327974-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maple%2C%20Red%20River%20County%2C%20Texas | Maple, Red River County, Texas | References | Maple is an unincorporated community in Red River County, Texas. It lies at an elevation of 377 feet (115 m). | Category:Unincorporated communities in Texas
Category:Unincorporated communities in Red River County, Texas | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Unincorporated communities in Texas",
"Unincorporated communities in Red River County, Texas"
] |
projected-06900143-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mystery%20of%20the%2099%20Steps | The Mystery of the 99 Steps | Introduction | The Mystery of the 99 Steps is the forty-third volume in the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series. It was first published in 1966 under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene. The actual author was ghostwriter Harriet Stratemeyer Adams. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1966 American novels",
"1966 children's books",
"Grosset & Dunlap books",
"Nancy Drew books",
"Novels set in the Loire Valley",
"Children's mystery novels"
] | |
projected-06900143-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mystery%20of%20the%2099%20Steps | The Mystery of the 99 Steps | Plot summary | The Mystery of the 99 Steps is the forty-third volume in the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series. It was first published in 1966 under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene. The actual author was ghostwriter Harriet Stratemeyer Adams. | Nancy looks for a flight of the 99 steps in France to solve the mystery of a friend's strange dream. Before Nancy, Bess, and George leaves the United States for France, a person calling himself Monsieur Neuf warns Nancy not to pursue her mission.
The girls arrive in Paris and join Nancy’s father, who is trying to find out who or what is causing wealthy financier Monsieur Leblanc to selling large amounts of securities.
Nancy determines that the case she is investigating involving the 99 steps is linked to the case her father is following. Nancy thinks that Monsieur Leblanc could be being blackmailed.
Startling discoveries convince the youn that Mr. Drew's case and her own mystery are linked by the 99 steps, and that a mysterious Arab has a strong hold over Leblanc. Nancy thinks it could be blackmail.
Nancy goes to an area in the Loire Valley to look for more clues, and Nancy, Bess, and George wind up in danger. | [] | [
"Plot summary"
] | [
"1966 American novels",
"1966 children's books",
"Grosset & Dunlap books",
"Nancy Drew books",
"Novels set in the Loire Valley",
"Children's mystery novels"
] |
projected-17328019-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo%20Caputo | Ricardo Caputo | Introduction | Ricardo Silvio Caputo (1949 – October 1, 1997) was an Argentine American serial killer during the 1970s who was known as "The Lady Killer". Caputo was born in 1949 in Mendoza, Argentina. In 1970, he moved to the United States and settled in New York City. According to his brother Alberto, Caputo was physically and sexually abused as a child.
Though he was not definitively linked to any murders after 1977, he remained a fugitive throughout the 1980s, and finally surrendered to police in 1994.
Incarcerated at Attica State Prison in New York, Caputo had a fatal heart attack in October 1997, at the age of 48. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1949 births",
"1971 murders in the United States",
"1997 deaths",
"20th-century criminals",
"American escapees",
"American people who died in prison custody",
"American serial killers",
"Argentine emigrants to the United States",
"Criminals from New York City",
"Criminals of the San Francisco Bay... | |
projected-17328019-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo%20Caputo | Ricardo Caputo | Victims | Ricardo Silvio Caputo (1949 – October 1, 1997) was an Argentine American serial killer during the 1970s who was known as "The Lady Killer". Caputo was born in 1949 in Mendoza, Argentina. In 1970, he moved to the United States and settled in New York City. According to his brother Alberto, Caputo was physically and sexually abused as a child.
Though he was not definitively linked to any murders after 1977, he remained a fugitive throughout the 1980s, and finally surrendered to police in 1994.
Incarcerated at Attica State Prison in New York, Caputo had a fatal heart attack in October 1997, at the age of 48. | Nathalie Brown, 19, Flower Hill, New York (1971) (he was declared mentally incompetent to stand trial at the time, then escaped from Manhattan Psychiatric Center on Wards Island)
Judith Becker, 26, Yonkers, New York (1974)
Barbara Ann Taylor, 28, San Francisco (1975)
Laura Gomez, Mexico City (1977) | [] | [
"Victims"
] | [
"1949 births",
"1971 murders in the United States",
"1997 deaths",
"20th-century criminals",
"American escapees",
"American people who died in prison custody",
"American serial killers",
"Argentine emigrants to the United States",
"Criminals from New York City",
"Criminals of the San Francisco Bay... |
projected-17328019-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo%20Caputo | Ricardo Caputo | Suspected victims | Ricardo Silvio Caputo (1949 – October 1, 1997) was an Argentine American serial killer during the 1970s who was known as "The Lady Killer". Caputo was born in 1949 in Mendoza, Argentina. In 1970, he moved to the United States and settled in New York City. According to his brother Alberto, Caputo was physically and sexually abused as a child.
Though he was not definitively linked to any murders after 1977, he remained a fugitive throughout the 1980s, and finally surrendered to police in 1994.
Incarcerated at Attica State Prison in New York, Caputo had a fatal heart attack in October 1997, at the age of 48. | Devon Green, 23, Los Angeles (1981) - Caputo became a suspect in Green's death when a former coworker of hers spotted him on a crime show and identified Caputo as having worked at a Los Angeles restaurant where Green was a chef. Already imprisoned at the time this information came to light in 1994, Caputo was neither charged with nor admitted to her murder.
Jacqueline Bernard, 64, New York City (1983) - Caputo was a suspect in this murder but was never charged. A friend of the victim's, Linda Wolfe, published a book called Love Me to Death in 1998 in which she conjected that Caputo was Bernard's killer. | [] | [
"Suspected victims"
] | [
"1949 births",
"1971 murders in the United States",
"1997 deaths",
"20th-century criminals",
"American escapees",
"American people who died in prison custody",
"American serial killers",
"Argentine emigrants to the United States",
"Criminals from New York City",
"Criminals of the San Francisco Bay... |
projected-17328019-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo%20Caputo | Ricardo Caputo | See also | Ricardo Silvio Caputo (1949 – October 1, 1997) was an Argentine American serial killer during the 1970s who was known as "The Lady Killer". Caputo was born in 1949 in Mendoza, Argentina. In 1970, he moved to the United States and settled in New York City. According to his brother Alberto, Caputo was physically and sexually abused as a child.
Though he was not definitively linked to any murders after 1977, he remained a fugitive throughout the 1980s, and finally surrendered to police in 1994.
Incarcerated at Attica State Prison in New York, Caputo had a fatal heart attack in October 1997, at the age of 48. | List of serial killers in the United States | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"1949 births",
"1971 murders in the United States",
"1997 deaths",
"20th-century criminals",
"American escapees",
"American people who died in prison custody",
"American serial killers",
"Argentine emigrants to the United States",
"Criminals from New York City",
"Criminals of the San Francisco Bay... |
projected-17328019-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo%20Caputo | Ricardo Caputo | References | Ricardo Silvio Caputo (1949 – October 1, 1997) was an Argentine American serial killer during the 1970s who was known as "The Lady Killer". Caputo was born in 1949 in Mendoza, Argentina. In 1970, he moved to the United States and settled in New York City. According to his brother Alberto, Caputo was physically and sexually abused as a child.
Though he was not definitively linked to any murders after 1977, he remained a fugitive throughout the 1980s, and finally surrendered to police in 1994.
Incarcerated at Attica State Prison in New York, Caputo had a fatal heart attack in October 1997, at the age of 48. | Category:1949 births
Category:1971 murders in the United States
Category:1997 deaths
Category:20th-century criminals
Category:American escapees
Category:American people who died in prison custody
Category:American serial killers
Category:Argentine emigrants to the United States
Category:Criminals from New York City
Category:Criminals of the San Francisco Bay Area
Category:Date of birth missing
Category:FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives
Category:Male serial killers
Category:People declared mentally unfit for court
Category:People from Mendoza, Argentina
Category:Prisoners who died in New York (state) detention
Category:Serial killers who died in prison custody | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1949 births",
"1971 murders in the United States",
"1997 deaths",
"20th-century criminals",
"American escapees",
"American people who died in prison custody",
"American serial killers",
"Argentine emigrants to the United States",
"Criminals from New York City",
"Criminals of the San Francisco Bay... |
projected-23572836-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%20Pacific%20Life%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles | 2002 Pacific Life Open – Women's singles | Introduction | Serena Williams was the defending champion, but she chose not to compete that year.
Daniela Hantuchová won her maiden WTA Tour singles title, defeating Martina Hingis in the final 6–3, 6–4.
This was the first WTA tournament in which future world No. 1 and five-time Grand Slam champion Maria Sharapova competed. She was defeated in the second round by Monica Seles. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"2002 Pacific Life Open",
"2002 WTA Tour"
] | |
projected-23572836-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%20Pacific%20Life%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles | 2002 Pacific Life Open – Women's singles | Seeds | Serena Williams was the defending champion, but she chose not to compete that year.
Daniela Hantuchová won her maiden WTA Tour singles title, defeating Martina Hingis in the final 6–3, 6–4.
This was the first WTA tournament in which future world No. 1 and five-time Grand Slam champion Maria Sharapova competed. She was defeated in the second round by Monica Seles. | All seeds received a bye into the second round. | [] | [
"Seeds"
] | [
"2002 Pacific Life Open",
"2002 WTA Tour"
] |
projected-23572836-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%20Pacific%20Life%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles | 2002 Pacific Life Open – Women's singles | Lucky loser | Serena Williams was the defending champion, but she chose not to compete that year.
Daniela Hantuchová won her maiden WTA Tour singles title, defeating Martina Hingis in the final 6–3, 6–4.
This was the first WTA tournament in which future world No. 1 and five-time Grand Slam champion Maria Sharapova competed. She was defeated in the second round by Monica Seles. | Samantha Reeves | [] | [
"Qualifying",
"Lucky loser"
] | [
"2002 Pacific Life Open",
"2002 WTA Tour"
] |
projected-23572840-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs%20de%20Winter | Mrs de Winter | Introduction | Mrs de Winter is a novel by Susan Hill published in 1993. It is the sequel to the novel Rebecca by Daphne du Maurier. | [
"MrsDeWinter.jpg"
] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Works based on Rebecca (novel)",
"Novels by Susan Hill",
"1993 British novels",
"Sequel novels",
"Sinclair-Stevenson books"
] | |
projected-23572840-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs%20de%20Winter | Mrs de Winter | Summary | Mrs de Winter is a novel by Susan Hill published in 1993. It is the sequel to the novel Rebecca by Daphne du Maurier. | When Manderley burned, tormented Maxim de Winter and his demure second wife fled the ghosts of a dark, unspoken yesterday and now have come home to England, to bury what was and start anew. But the sensual warmth of a golden autumn cannot mask the chill of a lingering evil. For October's gentle breeze whispers that Rebecca – beautiful, mysterious, malevolent Rebecca – is haunting their lives once more. | [] | [
"Summary"
] | [
"Works based on Rebecca (novel)",
"Novels by Susan Hill",
"1993 British novels",
"Sequel novels",
"Sinclair-Stevenson books"
] |
projected-23572840-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs%20de%20Winter | Mrs de Winter | Reviews | Mrs de Winter is a novel by Susan Hill published in 1993. It is the sequel to the novel Rebecca by Daphne du Maurier. | Critical reviews have been generally bad, stating that this sequel is not really up to the standard set by the du Maurier original. The plot has been regarded as quite dull, without any evolution of the character of Mrs de Winter in spite of the time lapse. In addition it casts the same characters all over again without the narration being intense and engaging enough. "Throughout the media jamboree attending this sequel, Rebecca's remaining lovers will feel like Mrs Danvers – dour, uncomprehending, and dismissive of the newcomer's ineffective attempts to please". | [] | [
"Reviews"
] | [
"Works based on Rebecca (novel)",
"Novels by Susan Hill",
"1993 British novels",
"Sequel novels",
"Sinclair-Stevenson books"
] |
projected-23572840-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs%20de%20Winter | Mrs de Winter | References | Mrs de Winter is a novel by Susan Hill published in 1993. It is the sequel to the novel Rebecca by Daphne du Maurier. | Category:Works based on Rebecca (novel)
Category:Novels by Susan Hill
Category:1993 British novels
Category:Sequel novels
Category:Sinclair-Stevenson books | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Works based on Rebecca (novel)",
"Novels by Susan Hill",
"1993 British novels",
"Sequel novels",
"Sinclair-Stevenson books"
] |
projected-20464734-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Lynch | Colin Lynch | Introduction | Colin Lynch (born 1973 in Lissycasey, County Clare) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling and Gaelic football with his local clubs Kilmaley and Lissycasey, and was a member of the Clare senior inter-county hurling team from 1997 until 2008. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1974 births",
"Living people",
"Dual players",
"Kilmaley hurlers",
"Lissycasey Gaelic footballers",
"Clare inter-county hurlers",
"Munster inter-provincial hurlers",
"All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners"
] | |
projected-20464734-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Lynch | Colin Lynch | Club | Colin Lynch (born 1973 in Lissycasey, County Clare) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling and Gaelic football with his local clubs Kilmaley and Lissycasey, and was a member of the Clare senior inter-county hurling team from 1997 until 2008. | Colin played for Éire Óg ever before he played for Kilmaley. Lynch plays his club hurling with his local club Kilmaley and has enjoyed much success.
In 1998 Lynch lined out in his first county senior championship final. The famous St. Joseph's Doora-Barefield club provided the opposition, however, Kilmayley still came up short and Lynch ended up on the defeated side.
The following year Kilmaley were back in the junior hurling decider. Clonlara were the opponents on that occasion, however, for the second time Lynch's side faced defeat.
2004 saw Kilmaley finally break the barrier at senior level when they lined out against St. Joseph's in the senior championship decider. Lynch's side triumphed that day to collect their first senior county title since 1985.
Lynch also played Gaelic football with his local club Lissycasey and enjoyed much success. He won a county intermediate championship winners' medal in 1994, however, success at senior level was slow in coming. After defeat in senior county finals in 1998 and 2006, Lynch won a county senior championship winners' medal in 2007, following a five-point victory over Éire Óg. | [] | [
"Playing career",
"Club"
] | [
"1974 births",
"Living people",
"Dual players",
"Kilmaley hurlers",
"Lissycasey Gaelic footballers",
"Clare inter-county hurlers",
"Munster inter-provincial hurlers",
"All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners"
] |
projected-20464734-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Lynch | Colin Lynch | Inter-county | Colin Lynch (born 1973 in Lissycasey, County Clare) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling and Gaelic football with his local clubs Kilmaley and Lissycasey, and was a member of the Clare senior inter-county hurling team from 1997 until 2008. | Lynch first came to prominence on the inter-county scene as a member of the Clare senior team in 1994. He was included on the senior panel that year, however, it would be another few years before he secured a definite place on the starting fifteen.
Lynch made his debut in a Munster Championship quarter-final against Kerry in 1997. Clare had an easy win that day. A subsequent victory over Cork gave Lynch the chance to line out in his first Munster final. Tipperary were the opponents on that occasion and an exciting game was expected. Both sets of players did not disappoint. Clare led by five points at half-time, however, Tipp fought back in the second-half. In one of the best games of the decade Clare defeated Tipperary by 1–18 to 0–18. It was Lynch's first Munster winners' medal and Clare's first ever victory over Tipperary in the provincial decider. Clare were now hot favourites to reclaim the All-Ireland title. They showed their class against Kilkenny in the subsequent All-Ireland semi-final, thus booking their place in the All-Ireland final. The introduction of the so-called 'back-door system' saw Tipperary provide the opposition in that game. For the second time that year both sides served up a classic. Clare had the upper-hand for much of the game, however, Tipp remained close behind. Liam Cahill and Eugene O'Neill scored two goals for Tipp in the last ten minutes to set up an exciting finish. A draw looked likely, however, a classic late point from Jamesie O'Connor secured a narrow 0–20 to 2–13 victory for Clare. It was Lynch's first All-Ireland winners' medal. In winning the 1997 All-Ireland title Clare beat Cork, Kilkenny and Tipperary (twice) – the so-called big three of hurling. In doing so they became only the second team ever, along with Waterford in 1959, to achieve this.
In 1998 Clare were the hot favourites to retain their All-Ireland title. All was going to plan, however, Lynch's side drew with Waterford in the Munster final. The replay was one of the most controversial games of hurling ever played. Before the sliotar was had even been thrown in, Lynch was pulling recklessly across Peter Queally and Tony Browne. A melee ensued two minutes into the game and Lynch punched Browne. Brian Lohan and Michael White were red-carded for also fighting, however, Lynch escaped being sent to the line. The rest of the game was played in an extremely bad spirit and Clare emerged the victors by 2–16 to 0–10. It was Lynch's second Munster winners' medal, however, the game was subject to much media discussion over the following week. The Munster Council later suspended Lynch for three months. He was a huge loss for the subsequent three-game All-Ireland semi-final saga with Offaly, a marathon run of games which Clare eventually lost, thus surrendering an All-Ireland title which they had been hot favourites to retain.
The following few seasons proved difficult for Lynch and for Clare. In spite of the team going into decline, Clare still qualified for the Munster final again in 1999. By now the 'hurling revolution' of the 1990s was drawing to a close as the 'old order' returned. Cork provided the opposition on that occasion, however, Clare were still the favourites going into the game. An exciting contest unfolded with Cork's Joe Deane scoring a key goal after an excellent pass from Seánie McGrath. A score line of 1–15 to 0–14 gave Cork the victory and saw Clare surrender their provincial title for the first time since 1996. Lynch's side, however, still had a chance to reclaim the All-Ireland title via the 'back-door'. A defeat of Galway in a replay set up an All-Ireland semi-final meeting with Kilkenny. Clare were now on a downward spiral as Kilkenny secured a 2–14 to 1–13 victory thanks to D.J. Carey.
The next few seasons saw Clare exit the provincial championship at an early stage, while manager Ger Loughnane also departed. In 2002 Clare exited the Munster race at the first hurdle, however, the newly expanded qualifiers system saw Lynch's side record subsequent victories over Dublin, Wexford, Galway and Waterford to reach the All-Ireland final. It was Lynch's second appearance in the championship decider. Kilkenny were the opposition and there was no doubt in the pundits' minds that there would be anything but a victory for 'the Cats'. Henry Shefflin and D.J. Carey combined to score 2–13, while Clare's forwards missed two easy goal chances. At the full-time whistle Kilkenny were the champions by 2–20 to 0–19.
Lynch's side faced early defeats in the provincial championships of 2003 and 2004. The team regrouped in the latter year and forced reigning champions Kilkenny to a draw in the All-Ireland quarter-final. 'The Cats' went on to win the replay with five points to spare.
Provincial defeat was Clare's lot again in 2005, however, Lynch's side reached the All-Ireland semi-final via the qualifiers. Cork were the opponents that day and found life difficult with a primed Clare team countering their every attack. 'The Rebels' fell behind by seven points at the start of the second-half. A huge performance by Cork turned this deficit around and Lynch's side eventually went on to lose the game by 0–16 to 0–15. Lynch had a chance to level the game with seconds left, however, his shot went wide.
Clare reached the All-Ireland semi-final again in 2006, this time with Kilkenny providing the opposition. After a reasonably good performance Clare fell short again as 'the Cats' went on to win the game and later take the All-Ireland title.
In 2008 Clare ended their first-round bogey in Munster and reached the final of the competition for the first time since 1999. A resurgent Tipperary provided the opposition on that occasion and an exciting game was expected, however, Tipperary were much too strong for 'the Banner' county. The game was far from a classic as Lynch's side eventually lost by 2–21 to 0–19. This defeat was not the end of the road, as Clare later lined out against Cork in the All-Ireland quarter-final. Clare were the favourites against a Cork side that was seen as past its prime. The team justified their favourites tag as Cork trailed by eight points at half-time. The second half was a different story as Cork took control. At the long whistle Lynch's side were defeated by 2–19 to 2–17. This defeat marked the end for Lynch as he announced his retirement from inter-county hurling just before the start of the 2009 championship. | [] | [
"Playing career",
"Inter-county"
] | [
"1974 births",
"Living people",
"Dual players",
"Kilmaley hurlers",
"Lissycasey Gaelic footballers",
"Clare inter-county hurlers",
"Munster inter-provincial hurlers",
"All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners"
] |
projected-20464734-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Lynch | Colin Lynch | Championship Appearances | Colin Lynch (born 1973 in Lissycasey, County Clare) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling and Gaelic football with his local clubs Kilmaley and Lissycasey, and was a member of the Clare senior inter-county hurling team from 1997 until 2008. | Scores and results list Clare's tally first. | [] | [
"Championship Appearances"
] | [
"1974 births",
"Living people",
"Dual players",
"Kilmaley hurlers",
"Lissycasey Gaelic footballers",
"Clare inter-county hurlers",
"Munster inter-provincial hurlers",
"All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners"
] |
projected-20464734-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Lynch | Colin Lynch | Kilmaley | Colin Lynch (born 1973 in Lissycasey, County Clare) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling and Gaelic football with his local clubs Kilmaley and Lissycasey, and was a member of the Clare senior inter-county hurling team from 1997 until 2008. | Clare Senior Hurling Championship:
Winner (1): 2004
Runner-up (1): 1998
Clare Junior Hurling Championship:
Winner (2): 2001, 2006
Runner-up (2): 1999, 1996 | [] | [
"Honours",
"Kilmaley"
] | [
"1974 births",
"Living people",
"Dual players",
"Kilmaley hurlers",
"Lissycasey Gaelic footballers",
"Clare inter-county hurlers",
"Munster inter-provincial hurlers",
"All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners"
] |
projected-20464734-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Lynch | Colin Lynch | Lissycasey | Colin Lynch (born 1973 in Lissycasey, County Clare) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling and Gaelic football with his local clubs Kilmaley and Lissycasey, and was a member of the Clare senior inter-county hurling team from 1997 until 2008. | Clare Senior Football Championship:
Winner (1): 2007
Runner-up (2): 1998, 2006
Clare Intermediate Football Championship:
Winner (1): 1994
Clare Junior Football Championship:
Winner (1): 1992 | [] | [
"Honours",
"Lissycasey"
] | [
"1974 births",
"Living people",
"Dual players",
"Kilmaley hurlers",
"Lissycasey Gaelic footballers",
"Clare inter-county hurlers",
"Munster inter-provincial hurlers",
"All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners"
] |
projected-20464734-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Lynch | Colin Lynch | Clare | Colin Lynch (born 1973 in Lissycasey, County Clare) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling and Gaelic football with his local clubs Kilmaley and Lissycasey, and was a member of the Clare senior inter-county hurling team from 1997 until 2008. | All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship:
Winner (1): 1997
Runner-up (1): 2002
Munster Senior Hurling Championship:
Winner (2): 1997, 1998
Runner-up (1): 1999, 2008
All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship:
Winner (1): 1993
Munster Junior Hurling Championship:
Winner (1): 1993
National Hurling League:
Winner (0):
Runner-up (2): 2001, 2005 | [] | [
"Honours",
"Clare"
] | [
"1974 births",
"Living people",
"Dual players",
"Kilmaley hurlers",
"Lissycasey Gaelic footballers",
"Clare inter-county hurlers",
"Munster inter-provincial hurlers",
"All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners"
] |
projected-20464734-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Lynch | Colin Lynch | Munster | Colin Lynch (born 1973 in Lissycasey, County Clare) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling and Gaelic football with his local clubs Kilmaley and Lissycasey, and was a member of the Clare senior inter-county hurling team from 1997 until 2008. | Railway Cup:
Winner (1): 1997
Runner-up (1): 2004 | [] | [
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"Lissycasey Gaelic footballers",
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"Munster inter-provincial hurlers",
"All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners"
] |
projected-20464734-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Lynch | Colin Lynch | Teams | Colin Lynch (born 1973 in Lissycasey, County Clare) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling and Gaelic football with his local clubs Kilmaley and Lissycasey, and was a member of the Clare senior inter-county hurling team from 1997 until 2008. | Category:1974 births
Category:Living people
Category:Dual players
Category:Kilmaley hurlers
Category:Lissycasey Gaelic footballers
Category:Clare inter-county hurlers
Category:Munster inter-provincial hurlers
Category:All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners | [] | [
"Teams"
] | [
"1974 births",
"Living people",
"Dual players",
"Kilmaley hurlers",
"Lissycasey Gaelic footballers",
"Clare inter-county hurlers",
"Munster inter-provincial hurlers",
"All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners"
] |
projected-23572850-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasteland%20Racers%202071 | Wasteland Racers 2071 | Introduction | Wasteland Racers 2071 is an arcade-style video game by Triotech that was released on November 20, 2006. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"2006 video games",
"Arcade video games",
"Arcade-only video games",
"Science fiction racing games",
"North America-exclusive video games",
"Post-apocalyptic video games",
"Racing video games set in the United States",
"Video games developed in Canada",
"Video games scored by Simon Viklund",
"Vide... | |
projected-23572850-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasteland%20Racers%202071 | Wasteland Racers 2071 | Summary | Wasteland Racers 2071 is an arcade-style video game by Triotech that was released on November 20, 2006. | The simulator takes place in the year 2071 with six race tracks (from Airport Mayhem to the Ruins of Lost Vegas) and five cars (from the Interceptor to the Crusher). If the player finishes first, they will receive a code that unlocks new cars and race courses. Wasteland Racers 2071 is one of the arcade games featured at Chuck E. Cheese's. None of the cars are linked to an actual manufacturer like Chevrolet or Ford; fantasy cars based on futuristic prototypes are used to navigate the post-apocalyptic racing venues. They have the ability to deliver up to 2Gs of acceleration. Because the title has the word "Wasteland" in it, it is assumed that the game is set in a dystopian 21st century.
There are two versions of this arcade game; the standard has a 27" monitor while the deluxe has the 52" monitor. | [] | [
"Summary"
] | [
"2006 video games",
"Arcade video games",
"Arcade-only video games",
"Science fiction racing games",
"North America-exclusive video games",
"Post-apocalyptic video games",
"Racing video games set in the United States",
"Video games developed in Canada",
"Video games scored by Simon Viklund",
"Vide... |
projected-23572850-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasteland%20Racers%202071 | Wasteland Racers 2071 | References | Wasteland Racers 2071 is an arcade-style video game by Triotech that was released on November 20, 2006. | Category:2006 video games
Category:Arcade video games
Category:Arcade-only video games
Category:Science fiction racing games
Category:North America-exclusive video games
Category:Post-apocalyptic video games
Category:Racing video games set in the United States
Category:Video games developed in Canada
Category:Video games scored by Simon Viklund
Category:Video games set in the 2070s
Category:Multiplayer and single-player video games | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"2006 video games",
"Arcade video games",
"Arcade-only video games",
"Science fiction racing games",
"North America-exclusive video games",
"Post-apocalyptic video games",
"Racing video games set in the United States",
"Video games developed in Canada",
"Video games scored by Simon Viklund",
"Vide... |
projected-23572875-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Dahm | Jan Dahm | Introduction | Jan Dahm (5 April 1921 – 16 February 2013) was a Norwegian resistance member during World War II. He was among the first group of people to be subject to court-martial during the German occupation of Norway, and later initiated and headed the Secret Intelligence Service group Theta, which operated in Bergen from December 1941 to June 1942. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1921 births",
"2013 deaths",
"Norwegian resistance members",
"Royal Norwegian Navy personnel of World War II",
"Secret Intelligence Service personnel",
"Prisoners and detainees of Germany",
"Norwegian prisoners and detainees",
"People who were court-martialed",
"People acquitted of treason",
"Eng... | |
projected-23572875-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Dahm | Jan Dahm | German court-martial | Jan Dahm (5 April 1921 – 16 February 2013) was a Norwegian resistance member during World War II. He was among the first group of people to be subject to court-martial during the German occupation of Norway, and later initiated and headed the Secret Intelligence Service group Theta, which operated in Bergen from December 1941 to June 1942. | At the German attack on Norway in April 1940 Jahn Dahm was a nineteen-year-old engineering student at Bergens Tekniske Skole. He had been an eager radio amateur and a member of Bergen Radio Relé Liga for years, and at home he also had a workshop for building radios. On 25 June 1940, while he had an examination at the school, he was taken to the Gestapo office in Bergen, where he was confronted with equipment taken from his home and told he would be charged with espionage. On 28 June he was transported by bus from Bergen to Møllergaten 19 in Oslo with ten other arrestees.
The German court-martial started in Oslo on 22 August 1940. The court in Oslo consisted of the 3rd Senate of the Deutsches Reichskriegsgericht (Reich Military Tribunal) in Berlin, and the prosecutor sought the death sentence for the six defendants, according to paragraphs 2 (espionage) and 89 (treason) of the German penal code. On 28 August three of the six defendants, travelling agent Konrad Rendedal, Colonel Gabriel Lund and doctor Odd Solem, were sentenced to death; Jan Dahm and another defendant were set free, as the charges could not be proved; and policeman Erling Staff was sentenced to five years in prison. This was the first court-martial in Norway after the German occupation, and the first death sentences in Norway since 1876. The death sentences were later reduced to five years imprisonment (). Jan Dahm could go back home, but had to report to the Gestapo every second week. | [] | [
"German court-martial"
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"2013 deaths",
"Norwegian resistance members",
"Royal Norwegian Navy personnel of World War II",
"Secret Intelligence Service personnel",
"Prisoners and detainees of Germany",
"Norwegian prisoners and detainees",
"People who were court-martialed",
"People acquitted of treason",
"Eng... |
projected-23572875-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Dahm | Jan Dahm | SIS radio station Theta | Jan Dahm (5 April 1921 – 16 February 2013) was a Norwegian resistance member during World War II. He was among the first group of people to be subject to court-martial during the German occupation of Norway, and later initiated and headed the Secret Intelligence Service group Theta, which operated in Bergen from December 1941 to June 1942. | Dahm continued his studies at Bergens Tekniske Skole, but was under Gestapo supervision. He noticed that he was often observed by unknown persons, but eventually learned how to escape his shadows. He made contacts with undercover resistance members, such as physicist and radio expert Helmer Dahl and Mons Haukeland, the district leader of the Bergen department of Milorg. Along with some friends he also started to prepare a secret room in a building at Bryggen, which could be used as a working room and cover. As the group had expertise in radio transmission, the next step was to establish contact with Allied forces. Group member Bjarne Thorsen travelled by boat to Lerwick and managed to establish contact with the Secret Intelligence Service in London. Thorsen returned to Bergen bringing a radio transmitter, secret codes and schedules.
The station was called Theta, and started operating in December 1941. Among the notable messages transmitted by Theta was a report on the battleship Tirpitz. The Theta group operated until June 1942, when group member Kristian Ottosen was arrested. Following this arrest, Dahm fled to Sweden via Bodø, Fauske and Junkerdalen, together with fellow member Wenche Stenersen. Dahm was further taken to Britain for briefing. He was later trained as radar officer, and eventually served at the naval base in Shetland. | [] | [
"SIS radio station Theta"
] | [
"1921 births",
"2013 deaths",
"Norwegian resistance members",
"Royal Norwegian Navy personnel of World War II",
"Secret Intelligence Service personnel",
"Prisoners and detainees of Germany",
"Norwegian prisoners and detainees",
"People who were court-martialed",
"People acquitted of treason",
"Eng... |
projected-23572875-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Dahm | Jan Dahm | Post-war | Jan Dahm (5 April 1921 – 16 February 2013) was a Norwegian resistance member during World War II. He was among the first group of people to be subject to court-martial during the German occupation of Norway, and later initiated and headed the Secret Intelligence Service group Theta, which operated in Bergen from December 1941 to June 1942. | Dahm graduated from Bergens Technical School in 1947, and ran an engineering company in Bergen from 1950. He died in February 2013. | [] | [
"Post-war"
] | [
"1921 births",
"2013 deaths",
"Norwegian resistance members",
"Royal Norwegian Navy personnel of World War II",
"Secret Intelligence Service personnel",
"Prisoners and detainees of Germany",
"Norwegian prisoners and detainees",
"People who were court-martialed",
"People acquitted of treason",
"Eng... |
projected-23572875-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Dahm | Jan Dahm | References | Jan Dahm (5 April 1921 – 16 February 2013) was a Norwegian resistance member during World War II. He was among the first group of people to be subject to court-martial during the German occupation of Norway, and later initiated and headed the Secret Intelligence Service group Theta, which operated in Bergen from December 1941 to June 1942. | Category:1921 births
Category:2013 deaths
Category:Norwegian resistance members
Category:Royal Norwegian Navy personnel of World War II
Category:Secret Intelligence Service personnel
Category:Prisoners and detainees of Germany
Category:Norwegian prisoners and detainees
Category:People who were court-martialed
Category:People acquitted of treason
Category:Engineers from Bergen
Category:Military personnel from Bergen
Category:Amateur radio people | [] | [
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"Secret Intelligence Service personnel",
"Prisoners and detainees of Germany",
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"People who were court-martialed",
"People acquitted of treason",
"Eng... |
projected-06900144-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20medium%20is%20the%20message | The medium is the message | Introduction | "The medium is the message" is a phrase coined by the Canadian communication theorist Marshall McLuhan and the name of the first chapter in his Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, published in 1964. McLuhan proposes that a communication medium itself, not the messages it carries, should be the primary focus of study. He showed that artifacts such as media affect any society by their characteristics, or content. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1964 neologisms",
"Aesthetics",
"Concepts in aesthetics",
"Concepts in epistemology",
"Concepts in ethics",
"Concepts in metaphilosophy",
"Concepts in political philosophy",
"Concepts in social philosophy",
"English phrases",
"Linguistics",
"Marshall McLuhan",
"Media studies",
"Philosophica... | |
projected-06900144-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20medium%20is%20the%20message | The medium is the message | McLuhan's theory | "The medium is the message" is a phrase coined by the Canadian communication theorist Marshall McLuhan and the name of the first chapter in his Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, published in 1964. McLuhan proposes that a communication medium itself, not the messages it carries, should be the primary focus of study. He showed that artifacts such as media affect any society by their characteristics, or content. | McLuhan uses the term 'message' to signify content and character. The content of the medium is a message that can be easily grasped and the character of the medium is another message which can be easily overlooked. McLuhan says "Indeed, it is only too typical that the 'content' of any medium blinds us to the character of the medium". For McLuhan, it was the medium itself that shaped and controlled "the scale and form of human association and action". Taking the movie as an example, he argued that the way this medium played with conceptions of speed and time transformed "the world of sequence and connections into the world of creative configuration and structure". Therefore, the message of the movie medium is this transition from "lineal connections" to "configurations". Extending the argument for understanding the medium as the message itself, he proposed that the "content of any medium is always another medium" – thus, speech is the content of writing, writing is the content of print, and print itself is the content of the telegraph.
McLuhan frequently punned on the word "message", changing it to "mass age", "mess age", and "massage". A later book, The Medium Is the Massage was originally to be titled The Medium is the Message, but McLuhan preferred the new title, which is said to have been a printing error.
Concerning the title, McLuhan wrote: The title "The Medium Is the Massage" is a teaser—a way of getting attention. There's a wonderful sign hanging in a Toronto junkyard which reads, 'Help Beautify Junkyards. Throw Something Lovely Away Today.' This is a very effective way of getting people to notice a lot of things. And so the title is intended to draw attention to the fact that a medium is not something neutral—it does something to people. It takes hold of them. It rubs them off, it massages them and bumps them around, chiropractically, as it were, and the general roughing up that any new society gets from a medium, especially a new medium, is what is intended in that title".
McLuhan argues that a "message" is, "the change of scale or pace or pattern" that a new invention or innovation "introduces into human affairs".
McLuhan understood "medium" as a medium of communication in the broadest sense. In Understanding Media he wrote: "The instance of the electric light may prove illuminating in this connection. The electric light is pure information. It is a medium without a message, as it were, unless it is used to spell out some verbal ad or name." The light bulb is a clear demonstration of the concept of "the medium is the message": a light bulb does not have content in the way that a newspaper has articles or a television has programs, yet it is a medium that has a social effect; that is, a light bulb enables people to create spaces during nighttime that would otherwise be enveloped by darkness. He describes the light bulb as a medium without any content. McLuhan states that "a light bulb creates an environment by its mere presence". Likewise, the message of a newscast about a heinous crime may be less about the individual news story itself (the content), and more about the change in public attitude towards crime that the newscast engenders by the fact that such crimes are in effect being brought into the home to watch over dinner.
In Understanding Media, McLuhan describes the "content" of a medium as a juicy piece of meat carried by the burglar to distract the watchdog of the mind. This means that people tend to focus on the obvious, which is the content, to provide us valuable information, but in the process, we largely miss the structural changes in our affairs that are introduced subtly, or over long periods of time. As society's values, norms, and ways of doing things change because of the technology, it is then we realize the social implications of the medium. These range from cultural or religious issues and historical precedents, through interplay with existing conditions, to the secondary or tertiary effects in a cascade of interactions that we are not aware of.
On the subject of art history, McLuhan interpreted Cubism as announcing clearly that the medium is the message. For him, Cubist art required "instant sensory awareness of the whole" rather than perspective alone. In other words, with Cubism one could not ask what the artwork was about (content), but rather consider it in its entirety. | [] | [
"McLuhan's theory"
] | [
"1964 neologisms",
"Aesthetics",
"Concepts in aesthetics",
"Concepts in epistemology",
"Concepts in ethics",
"Concepts in metaphilosophy",
"Concepts in political philosophy",
"Concepts in social philosophy",
"English phrases",
"Linguistics",
"Marshall McLuhan",
"Media studies",
"Philosophica... |
projected-06900144-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20medium%20is%20the%20message | The medium is the message | See also | "The medium is the message" is a phrase coined by the Canadian communication theorist Marshall McLuhan and the name of the first chapter in his Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, published in 1964. McLuhan proposes that a communication medium itself, not the messages it carries, should be the primary focus of study. He showed that artifacts such as media affect any society by their characteristics, or content. | Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television
Hyperreality
Philosophy of technology
Post-structuralism
Technology and society
Amusing Ourselves to Death | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"1964 neologisms",
"Aesthetics",
"Concepts in aesthetics",
"Concepts in epistemology",
"Concepts in ethics",
"Concepts in metaphilosophy",
"Concepts in political philosophy",
"Concepts in social philosophy",
"English phrases",
"Linguistics",
"Marshall McLuhan",
"Media studies",
"Philosophica... |
projected-20464736-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastrichtian%20dialect | Maastrichtian dialect | Introduction | Maastrichtian ( ) or Maastrichtian Limburgish ( ) is the dialect and variant of Limburgish spoken in the Dutch city of Maastricht alongside the Dutch language (with which it is not mutually intelligible). In terms of speakers, it is the most widespread variant of Limburgish, and it is a tonal one. Like many of the Limburgish dialects spoken in neighbouring Belgian Limburg, Maastrichtian retained many Gallo-Romance (French and Walloon) influences in its vocabulary.
The French influence can additionally be attributed to the historical importance of French with the cultural elite and educational systems as well as the historical immigration of Walloon labourers to the city. Despite being a specific variant of Limburgish, Maastrichtian remains mutually intelligible with other Limburgish variants, especially those of surrounding municipalities.
Whilst Maastrichtian is still widely spoken, regardless of social level, research has shown that it is suffering from a degree of dialect loss amongst younger generations. That is the case in dwindling of speakers but also in development of the dialect (dialect levelling) towards Standard Dutch (like the loss of local words and grammar). | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Central Limburgish dialects",
"Culture of Limburg (Netherlands)",
"Culture in Maastricht",
"Languages of the Netherlands",
"Low Franconian languages",
"City colloquials"
] | |
projected-20464736-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastrichtian%20dialect | Maastrichtian dialect | Geographic distribution, social status and sociolects | Maastrichtian ( ) or Maastrichtian Limburgish ( ) is the dialect and variant of Limburgish spoken in the Dutch city of Maastricht alongside the Dutch language (with which it is not mutually intelligible). In terms of speakers, it is the most widespread variant of Limburgish, and it is a tonal one. Like many of the Limburgish dialects spoken in neighbouring Belgian Limburg, Maastrichtian retained many Gallo-Romance (French and Walloon) influences in its vocabulary.
The French influence can additionally be attributed to the historical importance of French with the cultural elite and educational systems as well as the historical immigration of Walloon labourers to the city. Despite being a specific variant of Limburgish, Maastrichtian remains mutually intelligible with other Limburgish variants, especially those of surrounding municipalities.
Whilst Maastrichtian is still widely spoken, regardless of social level, research has shown that it is suffering from a degree of dialect loss amongst younger generations. That is the case in dwindling of speakers but also in development of the dialect (dialect levelling) towards Standard Dutch (like the loss of local words and grammar). | Maatrichtian being a city dialect, the terminology "Maastrichtian" (Mestreechs) is practically limited to the municipal borders, with the exception of some places within the Maastrichtian municipality where the spoken dialects are in fact not Maastrichtian. These exceptions are previously separate villages and/or municipalities that have merged with the municipality of Maastricht namely Amby, Borgharen, Heer and Itteren.
The social status of Maastrichtian speakers is determined by the type of sociolect spoken by a certain person, with a division between Short Maastrichtian or Standard Maastrichtian (Kort Mestreechs, Standaardmestreechs) and Long/Stretched Maastrichtian (Laank Mestreechs). Short Maastrichtian is generally considered to be spoken by the upper and middle classes, whilst Long Maastrichtian is considered to be spoken by the working class.
A particular feature of Maastrichtian is that it gives its speakers a certain prestige. Research of the dialect showed that people talking the "purest" form of Maastrichtian, i.e. the Short Maastrichtian (Kort Mestreechs) sociolect, were perceived by others to be the well-educated ones. | [
"Maastricht Mestreech - Achter de Oude Minderbroeders Achter d'n Awwe Minnebreure.jpg"
] | [
"Geographic distribution, social status and sociolects"
] | [
"Central Limburgish dialects",
"Culture of Limburg (Netherlands)",
"Culture in Maastricht",
"Languages of the Netherlands",
"Low Franconian languages",
"City colloquials"
] |
projected-20464736-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastrichtian%20dialect | Maastrichtian dialect | Written Maastrichtian | Maastrichtian ( ) or Maastrichtian Limburgish ( ) is the dialect and variant of Limburgish spoken in the Dutch city of Maastricht alongside the Dutch language (with which it is not mutually intelligible). In terms of speakers, it is the most widespread variant of Limburgish, and it is a tonal one. Like many of the Limburgish dialects spoken in neighbouring Belgian Limburg, Maastrichtian retained many Gallo-Romance (French and Walloon) influences in its vocabulary.
The French influence can additionally be attributed to the historical importance of French with the cultural elite and educational systems as well as the historical immigration of Walloon labourers to the city. Despite being a specific variant of Limburgish, Maastrichtian remains mutually intelligible with other Limburgish variants, especially those of surrounding municipalities.
Whilst Maastrichtian is still widely spoken, regardless of social level, research has shown that it is suffering from a degree of dialect loss amongst younger generations. That is the case in dwindling of speakers but also in development of the dialect (dialect levelling) towards Standard Dutch (like the loss of local words and grammar). | The oldest known and preserved text in Maastrichtian dates from the 18th century. This text named Sermoen euver de Weurd Inter omnes Linguas nulla Mosa Trajestensi prastantior gehauwe in Mastreeg was presumably written for one of the carnival celebrations and incites people to learn Maastrichtian. As from the 19th century there are more written texts in Maastrichtian, again mostly oriented towards these carnival celebrations. Nowadays however, many other sources display written Maastrichtian, including song texts not written for carnival as well as books, poems, street signs etc. | [] | [
"Written Maastrichtian"
] | [
"Central Limburgish dialects",
"Culture of Limburg (Netherlands)",
"Culture in Maastricht",
"Languages of the Netherlands",
"Low Franconian languages",
"City colloquials"
] |
projected-20464736-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastrichtian%20dialect | Maastrichtian dialect | Standardisation and official spelling | Maastrichtian ( ) or Maastrichtian Limburgish ( ) is the dialect and variant of Limburgish spoken in the Dutch city of Maastricht alongside the Dutch language (with which it is not mutually intelligible). In terms of speakers, it is the most widespread variant of Limburgish, and it is a tonal one. Like many of the Limburgish dialects spoken in neighbouring Belgian Limburg, Maastrichtian retained many Gallo-Romance (French and Walloon) influences in its vocabulary.
The French influence can additionally be attributed to the historical importance of French with the cultural elite and educational systems as well as the historical immigration of Walloon labourers to the city. Despite being a specific variant of Limburgish, Maastrichtian remains mutually intelligible with other Limburgish variants, especially those of surrounding municipalities.
Whilst Maastrichtian is still widely spoken, regardless of social level, research has shown that it is suffering from a degree of dialect loss amongst younger generations. That is the case in dwindling of speakers but also in development of the dialect (dialect levelling) towards Standard Dutch (like the loss of local words and grammar). | In 1999, the municipal government recognised a standardised spelling of Maastrichtian made by Pol Brounts and Phil Dumoulin as the official spelling of the dialect. | [] | [
"Written Maastrichtian",
"Standardisation and official spelling"
] | [
"Central Limburgish dialects",
"Culture of Limburg (Netherlands)",
"Culture in Maastricht",
"Languages of the Netherlands",
"Low Franconian languages",
"City colloquials"
] |
projected-20464736-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastrichtian%20dialect | Maastrichtian dialect | Dictionaries | Maastrichtian ( ) or Maastrichtian Limburgish ( ) is the dialect and variant of Limburgish spoken in the Dutch city of Maastricht alongside the Dutch language (with which it is not mutually intelligible). In terms of speakers, it is the most widespread variant of Limburgish, and it is a tonal one. Like many of the Limburgish dialects spoken in neighbouring Belgian Limburg, Maastrichtian retained many Gallo-Romance (French and Walloon) influences in its vocabulary.
The French influence can additionally be attributed to the historical importance of French with the cultural elite and educational systems as well as the historical immigration of Walloon labourers to the city. Despite being a specific variant of Limburgish, Maastrichtian remains mutually intelligible with other Limburgish variants, especially those of surrounding municipalities.
Whilst Maastrichtian is still widely spoken, regardless of social level, research has shown that it is suffering from a degree of dialect loss amongst younger generations. That is the case in dwindling of speakers but also in development of the dialect (dialect levelling) towards Standard Dutch (like the loss of local words and grammar). | Aarts, F. (2005). Dictionairke vaan 't Mestreechs. (2nd ed.). Maastricht, the Netherlands: Stichting Onderweg.
Brounts P., Chambille G., Kurris J., Minis T., Paulissen H. & Simais M. (2004). De Nuie Mestreechsen Dictionair. Maastricht, the Netherlands: Veldeke-Krink Mestreech.
Online Dutch to Maastrichtian translation version of De Nuie Mestreechsen Dictionair | [] | [
"Written Maastrichtian",
"Dictionaries"
] | [
"Central Limburgish dialects",
"Culture of Limburg (Netherlands)",
"Culture in Maastricht",
"Languages of the Netherlands",
"Low Franconian languages",
"City colloquials"
] |
projected-20464736-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastrichtian%20dialect | Maastrichtian dialect | Other literature on Maastrichtian | Maastrichtian ( ) or Maastrichtian Limburgish ( ) is the dialect and variant of Limburgish spoken in the Dutch city of Maastricht alongside the Dutch language (with which it is not mutually intelligible). In terms of speakers, it is the most widespread variant of Limburgish, and it is a tonal one. Like many of the Limburgish dialects spoken in neighbouring Belgian Limburg, Maastrichtian retained many Gallo-Romance (French and Walloon) influences in its vocabulary.
The French influence can additionally be attributed to the historical importance of French with the cultural elite and educational systems as well as the historical immigration of Walloon labourers to the city. Despite being a specific variant of Limburgish, Maastrichtian remains mutually intelligible with other Limburgish variants, especially those of surrounding municipalities.
Whilst Maastrichtian is still widely spoken, regardless of social level, research has shown that it is suffering from a degree of dialect loss amongst younger generations. That is the case in dwindling of speakers but also in development of the dialect (dialect levelling) towards Standard Dutch (like the loss of local words and grammar). | Aarts, F. (2001). Mestreechs. Eus Moojertoal: 'ne Besjrijving vaan 't dialek vaan Meestreech. Maastricht, the Netherlands: Veldeke-Krink.
Aarts, F. (2009). 't Verhaol vaan eus Taol. Maastricht, the Netherlands: Stichting Onderweg.
Aarts, F. (2019). Liergaank Mestreechs: 'ne Cursus euver de Mestreechter Toal. Maastricht, the Netherlands. | [] | [
"Written Maastrichtian",
"Other literature on Maastrichtian"
] | [
"Central Limburgish dialects",
"Culture of Limburg (Netherlands)",
"Culture in Maastricht",
"Languages of the Netherlands",
"Low Franconian languages",
"City colloquials"
] |
projected-20464736-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastrichtian%20dialect | Maastrichtian dialect | Local anthem | Maastrichtian ( ) or Maastrichtian Limburgish ( ) is the dialect and variant of Limburgish spoken in the Dutch city of Maastricht alongside the Dutch language (with which it is not mutually intelligible). In terms of speakers, it is the most widespread variant of Limburgish, and it is a tonal one. Like many of the Limburgish dialects spoken in neighbouring Belgian Limburg, Maastrichtian retained many Gallo-Romance (French and Walloon) influences in its vocabulary.
The French influence can additionally be attributed to the historical importance of French with the cultural elite and educational systems as well as the historical immigration of Walloon labourers to the city. Despite being a specific variant of Limburgish, Maastrichtian remains mutually intelligible with other Limburgish variants, especially those of surrounding municipalities.
Whilst Maastrichtian is still widely spoken, regardless of social level, research has shown that it is suffering from a degree of dialect loss amongst younger generations. That is the case in dwindling of speakers but also in development of the dialect (dialect levelling) towards Standard Dutch (like the loss of local words and grammar). | In 2002, the municipal government officially adopted a local anthem (Mestreechs Volksleed) composed by lyrics in Maastrichtian. The theme had originally been written by Alfons Olterdissen (1865–1923) as finishing stanza of the Maastrichtian opera "Trijn de Begijn" of 1910. There are claims that the anthem actually originates from "Pe-al nostru steag e scris Unire" by the Romanian composer Ciprian Porumbescu. | [] | [
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"Central Limburgish dialects",
"Culture of Limburg (Netherlands)",
"Culture in Maastricht",
"Languages of the Netherlands",
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] |
projected-20464736-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastrichtian%20dialect | Maastrichtian dialect | Wikimedia | Maastrichtian ( ) or Maastrichtian Limburgish ( ) is the dialect and variant of Limburgish spoken in the Dutch city of Maastricht alongside the Dutch language (with which it is not mutually intelligible). In terms of speakers, it is the most widespread variant of Limburgish, and it is a tonal one. Like many of the Limburgish dialects spoken in neighbouring Belgian Limburg, Maastrichtian retained many Gallo-Romance (French and Walloon) influences in its vocabulary.
The French influence can additionally be attributed to the historical importance of French with the cultural elite and educational systems as well as the historical immigration of Walloon labourers to the city. Despite being a specific variant of Limburgish, Maastrichtian remains mutually intelligible with other Limburgish variants, especially those of surrounding municipalities.
Whilst Maastrichtian is still widely spoken, regardless of social level, research has shown that it is suffering from a degree of dialect loss amongst younger generations. That is the case in dwindling of speakers but also in development of the dialect (dialect levelling) towards Standard Dutch (like the loss of local words and grammar). | Wikipedia: Maastrichtian is included in the Limburgish Wikipedia. Since there are only standardised 'variants' of Limburgish but no widely accepted/recognised standardised Limburgish itself, each article is tagged as being written in a certain variant of the language. All articles in Maastrichtian can be found here.
Wiktionary: For an overview of some Maastrichtian dialect specific words, their English translations and their origins proceed to this Wiktionary category. | [] | [
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"Central Limburgish dialects",
"Culture of Limburg (Netherlands)",
"Culture in Maastricht",
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projected-20464736-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastrichtian%20dialect | Maastrichtian dialect | Phonology | Maastrichtian ( ) or Maastrichtian Limburgish ( ) is the dialect and variant of Limburgish spoken in the Dutch city of Maastricht alongside the Dutch language (with which it is not mutually intelligible). In terms of speakers, it is the most widespread variant of Limburgish, and it is a tonal one. Like many of the Limburgish dialects spoken in neighbouring Belgian Limburg, Maastrichtian retained many Gallo-Romance (French and Walloon) influences in its vocabulary.
The French influence can additionally be attributed to the historical importance of French with the cultural elite and educational systems as well as the historical immigration of Walloon labourers to the city. Despite being a specific variant of Limburgish, Maastrichtian remains mutually intelligible with other Limburgish variants, especially those of surrounding municipalities.
Whilst Maastrichtian is still widely spoken, regardless of social level, research has shown that it is suffering from a degree of dialect loss amongst younger generations. That is the case in dwindling of speakers but also in development of the dialect (dialect levelling) towards Standard Dutch (like the loss of local words and grammar). | As many other Limburgish dialects, the Maastrichtian dialect features a distinction between Accent 1 and Accent 2, limited to stressed syllables. The former can be analyzed as lexically toneless, whereas the latter as an underlying high tone. Phonetically, syllables with Accent 2 are considerably longer. An example of a minimal pair is 'to rinse' vs. 'to play'. The difference is not marked in the orthography, so that both of those words are spelled speule.
are bilabial, whereas are labiodental.
is realized as a bilabial approximant in the onset and as labio-velar in the coda. In this article, both are transcribed with , following the recommendations of Carlos Gussenhoven regarding transcribing the corresponding Standard Dutch phone.
can be analysed as .
The phonetic value of the symbol is far removed from its canonical IPA value , being a close-mid central vowel: . All of the vowels labelled as close-mid in the table are phonetically close-mid, including and .
The long mid monophthongs are monophthongal when combined with Accent 2. When combined with Accent 1, they are all diphthongal: . Phonologically, the first three are close-mid monophthongs , whereas the latter two are diphthongs . Elsewhere in the article, the diphthongality of the first three is ignored and they are always transcribed with .
The open-mid front is diphthongized to in words with Accent 2 when it is a realization of the underlying . The underlying does not participate in tonal distinction, and neither do and .
has mostly merged with under the influence of Standard Dutch. A phonemic appears in French loanwords such as tête 'idiot'. Most phonetic instances of in the dialect are monophthongized .
The open-mid contrast not only with the close-mid but also with the open in (near)-minimal pairs such as eus 'ours' vs. struis vs. käös 'choice'.
occurs only in unstressed syllables. | [
"Maastrichtian Limburgish monophthong chart.svg"
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] | [
"Central Limburgish dialects",
"Culture of Limburg (Netherlands)",
"Culture in Maastricht",
"Languages of the Netherlands",
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projected-20464736-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastrichtian%20dialect | Maastrichtian dialect | Vocabulary | Maastrichtian ( ) or Maastrichtian Limburgish ( ) is the dialect and variant of Limburgish spoken in the Dutch city of Maastricht alongside the Dutch language (with which it is not mutually intelligible). In terms of speakers, it is the most widespread variant of Limburgish, and it is a tonal one. Like many of the Limburgish dialects spoken in neighbouring Belgian Limburg, Maastrichtian retained many Gallo-Romance (French and Walloon) influences in its vocabulary.
The French influence can additionally be attributed to the historical importance of French with the cultural elite and educational systems as well as the historical immigration of Walloon labourers to the city. Despite being a specific variant of Limburgish, Maastrichtian remains mutually intelligible with other Limburgish variants, especially those of surrounding municipalities.
Whilst Maastrichtian is still widely spoken, regardless of social level, research has shown that it is suffering from a degree of dialect loss amongst younger generations. That is the case in dwindling of speakers but also in development of the dialect (dialect levelling) towards Standard Dutch (like the loss of local words and grammar). | Maastrichtian contains many specific words ample or not used in other Limburgish dialects some being creolisations/"limburgisations" of Dutch, French and German words while others cannot be directly subscribed to one of these languages. | [] | [
"Vocabulary"
] | [
"Central Limburgish dialects",
"Culture of Limburg (Netherlands)",
"Culture in Maastricht",
"Languages of the Netherlands",
"Low Franconian languages",
"City colloquials"
] |
projected-20464736-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastrichtian%20dialect | Maastrichtian dialect | (Historical) Vocabulary influences from other languages | Maastrichtian ( ) or Maastrichtian Limburgish ( ) is the dialect and variant of Limburgish spoken in the Dutch city of Maastricht alongside the Dutch language (with which it is not mutually intelligible). In terms of speakers, it is the most widespread variant of Limburgish, and it is a tonal one. Like many of the Limburgish dialects spoken in neighbouring Belgian Limburg, Maastrichtian retained many Gallo-Romance (French and Walloon) influences in its vocabulary.
The French influence can additionally be attributed to the historical importance of French with the cultural elite and educational systems as well as the historical immigration of Walloon labourers to the city. Despite being a specific variant of Limburgish, Maastrichtian remains mutually intelligible with other Limburgish variants, especially those of surrounding municipalities.
Whilst Maastrichtian is still widely spoken, regardless of social level, research has shown that it is suffering from a degree of dialect loss amongst younger generations. That is the case in dwindling of speakers but also in development of the dialect (dialect levelling) towards Standard Dutch (like the loss of local words and grammar). | Maastrichtian vocabulary, as the language family it belongs to suggests, is based on the Germanic languages (apart from the Limburgish language family this also includes varying degrees of influence from both archaic and modern Dutch and German). However, what sets Maastrichtian apart from other variants of Limburgish is its relatively strong influences from French. This is not only because of geographic closeness of a Francophone region (namely Wallonia) to Maastricht but also because of French being the predominant spoken language of the Maastrichtian cultural elite and the higher secondary educational system of the region in the past. Some examples: | [] | [
"Vocabulary",
"(Historical) Vocabulary influences from other languages"
] | [
"Central Limburgish dialects",
"Culture of Limburg (Netherlands)",
"Culture in Maastricht",
"Languages of the Netherlands",
"Low Franconian languages",
"City colloquials"
] |
projected-20464736-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastrichtian%20dialect | Maastrichtian dialect | Other examples of Maastrichtian vocabulary | Maastrichtian ( ) or Maastrichtian Limburgish ( ) is the dialect and variant of Limburgish spoken in the Dutch city of Maastricht alongside the Dutch language (with which it is not mutually intelligible). In terms of speakers, it is the most widespread variant of Limburgish, and it is a tonal one. Like many of the Limburgish dialects spoken in neighbouring Belgian Limburg, Maastrichtian retained many Gallo-Romance (French and Walloon) influences in its vocabulary.
The French influence can additionally be attributed to the historical importance of French with the cultural elite and educational systems as well as the historical immigration of Walloon labourers to the city. Despite being a specific variant of Limburgish, Maastrichtian remains mutually intelligible with other Limburgish variants, especially those of surrounding municipalities.
Whilst Maastrichtian is still widely spoken, regardless of social level, research has shown that it is suffering from a degree of dialect loss amongst younger generations. That is the case in dwindling of speakers but also in development of the dialect (dialect levelling) towards Standard Dutch (like the loss of local words and grammar). | Some examples of specific Maastrichtian vocabulary: | [] | [
"Vocabulary",
"Other examples of Maastrichtian vocabulary"
] | [
"Central Limburgish dialects",
"Culture of Limburg (Netherlands)",
"Culture in Maastricht",
"Languages of the Netherlands",
"Low Franconian languages",
"City colloquials"
] |
projected-20464736-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastrichtian%20dialect | Maastrichtian dialect | Expressions and Titles | Maastrichtian ( ) or Maastrichtian Limburgish ( ) is the dialect and variant of Limburgish spoken in the Dutch city of Maastricht alongside the Dutch language (with which it is not mutually intelligible). In terms of speakers, it is the most widespread variant of Limburgish, and it is a tonal one. Like many of the Limburgish dialects spoken in neighbouring Belgian Limburg, Maastrichtian retained many Gallo-Romance (French and Walloon) influences in its vocabulary.
The French influence can additionally be attributed to the historical importance of French with the cultural elite and educational systems as well as the historical immigration of Walloon labourers to the city. Despite being a specific variant of Limburgish, Maastrichtian remains mutually intelligible with other Limburgish variants, especially those of surrounding municipalities.
Whilst Maastrichtian is still widely spoken, regardless of social level, research has shown that it is suffering from a degree of dialect loss amongst younger generations. That is the case in dwindling of speakers but also in development of the dialect (dialect levelling) towards Standard Dutch (like the loss of local words and grammar). | Some examples of Maastrichtian expressions: | [] | [
"Vocabulary",
"Expressions and Titles"
] | [
"Central Limburgish dialects",
"Culture of Limburg (Netherlands)",
"Culture in Maastricht",
"Languages of the Netherlands",
"Low Franconian languages",
"City colloquials"
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projected-20464758-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racing%20Club%20Vichy | Racing Club Vichy | Introduction | Racing Club Vichy is a French semi-professional rugby union team. They currently play at the Fédérale 2. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"French rugby union clubs"
] | |
projected-20464773-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarigradsko%20shose | Tsarigradsko shose | Introduction | Tsarigradsko shose () is the largest boulevard in the capital of Bulgaria, Sofia. The boulevard provides grade-separated dual carriageway in almost its entire length of 11.4 km, running from the north-west to the south-east. It begins in the city center, at Orlov Most (Eagle's Bridge), before which it is called Tsar Osvoboditel Boulevard. In its east end, at the Sofia Ring Road, the boulevard becomes part of the Trakia motorway (A1). The maximum allowed speed on Tsarigradsko shose is 80 km/h between Orlov Most and Gorublyane neighbourhood.
To the south the boulevard borders with Sofia's largest park, the Borisova Gradina, which hosts the Vasil Levski National Stadium and Bulgarian Army Stadium. A number of departments of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences are situated along the road in the area of the Fourth Kilometer Square, as well as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Polygraphic plant, Arena Armeec, Sofia Tech Park and several hotels including the emblematic Pliska Hotel. In the outskirts of the city there are a lot of hypermarkets and office buildings constructed along the boulevard. Reconstruction and resurfacing are ongoing since 2013 to improve safety and comfort.
On April 25, 2012, Tsarigradsko shose Metro Station started operation with large underground park-and-ride. Nearby the metro station, the highrise of Capital Fort was completed in 2015.
The boulevard bears the old Bulgarian name of the city of Istanbul (medieval Constantinople), Tsarigrad, as it leads southeastwards out of the city, towards Plovdiv and Istanbul. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Streets in Sofia"
] | |
projected-20464773-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarigradsko%20shose | Tsarigradsko shose | Gallery | Tsarigradsko shose () is the largest boulevard in the capital of Bulgaria, Sofia. The boulevard provides grade-separated dual carriageway in almost its entire length of 11.4 km, running from the north-west to the south-east. It begins in the city center, at Orlov Most (Eagle's Bridge), before which it is called Tsar Osvoboditel Boulevard. In its east end, at the Sofia Ring Road, the boulevard becomes part of the Trakia motorway (A1). The maximum allowed speed on Tsarigradsko shose is 80 km/h between Orlov Most and Gorublyane neighbourhood.
To the south the boulevard borders with Sofia's largest park, the Borisova Gradina, which hosts the Vasil Levski National Stadium and Bulgarian Army Stadium. A number of departments of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences are situated along the road in the area of the Fourth Kilometer Square, as well as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Polygraphic plant, Arena Armeec, Sofia Tech Park and several hotels including the emblematic Pliska Hotel. In the outskirts of the city there are a lot of hypermarkets and office buildings constructed along the boulevard. Reconstruction and resurfacing are ongoing since 2013 to improve safety and comfort.
On April 25, 2012, Tsarigradsko shose Metro Station started operation with large underground park-and-ride. Nearby the metro station, the highrise of Capital Fort was completed in 2015.
The boulevard bears the old Bulgarian name of the city of Istanbul (medieval Constantinople), Tsarigrad, as it leads southeastwards out of the city, towards Plovdiv and Istanbul. | Category:Streets in Sofia | [] | [
"Gallery"
] | [
"Streets in Sofia"
] |
projected-23572878-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20Magic%20%28band%29 | White Magic (band) | Introduction | White Magic is a psychedelic folk rock group formed in Brooklyn, New York City, and led by singer/guitarist/pianist/composer Mira Billotte. Billotte performs under this moniker both with accompaniment or solo, using a daf, shruti box, and singing a cappella. Invoking both traditional and experimental folk, White Magic's sound ranges from loud psychedelia to meditative trance. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"2002 establishments in New York City",
"American folk rock groups",
"Drag City (record label) artists",
"Musical groups established in 2002",
"Musical groups from Brooklyn",
"Rock music groups from New York (state)"
] | |
projected-23572878-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20Magic%20%28band%29 | White Magic (band) | History | White Magic is a psychedelic folk rock group formed in Brooklyn, New York City, and led by singer/guitarist/pianist/composer Mira Billotte. Billotte performs under this moniker both with accompaniment or solo, using a daf, shruti box, and singing a cappella. Invoking both traditional and experimental folk, White Magic's sound ranges from loud psychedelia to meditative trance. | White Magic's original lineup was formed in 2003, after Mira Billotte moved to New York City. Billotte composed the songs, sang and played guitar and piano. Miggy Littleton (Blood on the Wall, Ida) played drums, and Andy MacLeod played guitar. Before White Magic, Billotte played drums, sang, and composed with her sister Christina Billotte (Autoclave, Slant 6, Casual Dots) in Quix*o*tic.
The subsequent lineup consisted of Billotte, "Sleepy" Doug Shaw (HighLife, Gang Gang Dance) on guitar, Tim Koh (Ariel Pink) on bass, and alternating drummers Tim Dewitt (Gang Gang Dance, Dutch E. Germ), Jesse Lee (Gang Gang Dance), and Jim White (Dirty Three, Cat Power, Nina Nastasia). Tim Barnes (Silver Jews), Samara Lubelski, and Shahzad Ismaily have also played with White Magic for subsequent recordings and live shows.
White Magic joined the Drag City roster in 2003, and in 2004 releasedThrough The Sun Door EP to general critical praise. They garnered attention when the song “Don't Need” appeared on the compilation The Golden Apples of the Sun (Bastet) curated by Devendra Banhart in 2004. Drag City released the band's debut full-length album Dat Rosa Mel Apibus (The Rose Gives The Bees Honey) -- a reference to the Rose Cross-- in 2006, followed by 2007’s Dark Stars EP, with critical praise from Spin Magazine.
White Magic recorded the song “Long Time Ago” with Hal Willner, Saturday Night Live's musical director, for the compilation Rogue's Gallery: Pirate Ballads, Sea Songs, and Chanteys produced by Willner and conceived by Johnny Depp and Pirates of the Caribbean Director Gore Verbinski.
In 2007, Mira Billotte recorded Bob Dylan's "As I Went Out One Morning" on the soundtrack album for the Todd Haynes film I'm Not There on Columbia Records. In USA Today, Ken Barnes stated that: "... the soundtrack was a winner, featuring such gems as...Mira Billotte's As I Went Out One Morning and the first official release of Dylan's own, stunning version of the title track.”
They also appeared on The Wire magazine's "Wire Tapper" compilation along with The Slits' “Earthbeat.” White Magic was named a 'best new band' by The Village Voice in 2008.
They toured extensively headlining in the U.S., UK and Europe, and opening for like-minded musicians including Animal Collective, Sonic Youth, Joanna Newsom, and Will Oldham. White Magic performed at many music festivals, including five of the ATP (All Tomorrow’s Parties) festivals, each curated by artists, Sonic Youth, Godspeed You Black Emperor, Stephen Malkmus, Slint and Dirty Three.
In 2012, White Magic performed at both the New Folk Festival at Zorthian Ranch in Los Angeles, and at the Quiet Festival in Portland, Oregon. In 2013, Mira Billotte performed for the live score of Jem Cohen’s film, "We Have an Anchor", singing her own compositions at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, along with members of Godspeed You Black Emperor, Guy Picciotto (Fugazi), and Jim White of Dirty Three. This performance was repeated in March 2015 at both the Barbican Theater in London and the Sonic Protest Festival in Paris.
In July, 2015, White Magic released “I'm Hiding My Nightingale” EP on Leaving Records. Ariel Pink played guitar accompaniment for the title track, a cover of an early Can song . Billboard Magazine reviewed the track favorably, saying ”White Magic is a lot of things -- dark, hopeful, mystical, yearning -- but it's never not lovely....” Interview Magazine reviewed the track and its music video the month of its release. | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"2002 establishments in New York City",
"American folk rock groups",
"Drag City (record label) artists",
"Musical groups established in 2002",
"Musical groups from Brooklyn",
"Rock music groups from New York (state)"
] |
projected-23572878-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20Magic%20%28band%29 | White Magic (band) | Discography | White Magic is a psychedelic folk rock group formed in Brooklyn, New York City, and led by singer/guitarist/pianist/composer Mira Billotte. Billotte performs under this moniker both with accompaniment or solo, using a daf, shruti box, and singing a cappella. Invoking both traditional and experimental folk, White Magic's sound ranges from loud psychedelia to meditative trance. | Albums
Dat Rosa Mel Apibus (2006, Drag City)
Extended plays
Through The Sun Door EP (2004, Drag City)
Songs of Hurt and Healing split EP with American Analog Set (2005, Ouch!)
Dark Stars EP (2007, Drag City)
I’m Hiding My Nightingale EP (2015, Leaving Records)
Singles
"Katie Cruel" single (2006, Drag City)
"New Egypt" 1-song release, limited to 1000 cds (2008, Southern)
"White Widow" single (2011, The Mysteries)
"Out Beyond The Moon" on LAMC#6 split 7" with Cass McCombs (2013, Famous Class Records)
Compilation appearances
The Golden Apples of the Sun compilation (Bastet)
Wire Tapper compilation (2004, The Wire Magazine)
They Keep Me Smiling compilation (2004, United Acoustic Recordings)
"Long Time Ago" on the Rogue's Gallery: Pirate Ballads, Sea Songs, and Chanteys compilation (2006, Anti) | [] | [
"Discography"
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"2002 establishments in New York City",
"American folk rock groups",
"Drag City (record label) artists",
"Musical groups established in 2002",
"Musical groups from Brooklyn",
"Rock music groups from New York (state)"
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projected-20464789-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platax%20pinnatus | Platax pinnatus | Introduction | Platax pinnatus, also known as the pinnate spadefish, pinnate batfish, pinnatus batfish, dusky batfish, shaded batfish, or red-faced batfish is a fish from the western Pacific that occasionally is kept in marine aquariums. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Ephippidae",
"Fish of the Pacific Ocean",
"Fish described in 1758",
"Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus"
] | |
projected-20464789-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platax%20pinnatus | Platax pinnatus | Description | Platax pinnatus, also known as the pinnate spadefish, pinnate batfish, pinnatus batfish, dusky batfish, shaded batfish, or red-faced batfish is a fish from the western Pacific that occasionally is kept in marine aquariums. | As a juvenile it is blackish brown, or black with an orange stripe outlining its entire body. Adults become a dull silver. This fish grows to a maximum size of . | [] | [
"Description"
] | [
"Ephippidae",
"Fish of the Pacific Ocean",
"Fish described in 1758",
"Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus"
] |
projected-20464789-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platax%20pinnatus | Platax pinnatus | In the aquarium | Platax pinnatus, also known as the pinnate spadefish, pinnate batfish, pinnatus batfish, dusky batfish, shaded batfish, or red-faced batfish is a fish from the western Pacific that occasionally is kept in marine aquariums. | The pinnate batfish is occasionally kept in marine aquariums. | [] | [
"Importance to humans",
"In the aquarium"
] | [
"Ephippidae",
"Fish of the Pacific Ocean",
"Fish described in 1758",
"Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus"
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projected-20464789-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platax%20pinnatus | Platax pinnatus | In the wild | Platax pinnatus, also known as the pinnate spadefish, pinnate batfish, pinnatus batfish, dusky batfish, shaded batfish, or red-faced batfish is a fish from the western Pacific that occasionally is kept in marine aquariums. | Platax pinnatus has been observed to significantly reduce algal growths on coral in studies simulating overfishing on the Great Barrier Reef. | [] | [
"Importance to humans",
"In the wild"
] | [
"Ephippidae",
"Fish of the Pacific Ocean",
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"Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus"
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projected-20464789-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platax%20pinnatus | Platax pinnatus | References | Platax pinnatus, also known as the pinnate spadefish, pinnate batfish, pinnatus batfish, dusky batfish, shaded batfish, or red-faced batfish is a fish from the western Pacific that occasionally is kept in marine aquariums. | fishbase Page on Platax pinnatus
page on Platax pinnatus
about.com page on Platax pinnatus | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Ephippidae",
"Fish of the Pacific Ocean",
"Fish described in 1758",
"Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus"
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projected-23572882-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spathularia | Spathularia | Introduction | Spathularia is a genus of fungi in the family Cudoniaceae. Species in the genus are found in coniferous forests around the bases of conifers or near rotting logs. The genus name is Latin for 'broad sword'. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Helotiales genera",
"Helotiales"
] | |
projected-23572882-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spathularia | Spathularia | Spathularia flavida | Spathularia is a genus of fungi in the family Cudoniaceae. Species in the genus are found in coniferous forests around the bases of conifers or near rotting logs. The genus name is Latin for 'broad sword'. | Spathularia flavida, like other members of the family Cudoniaceae, is distinguished by having long, needle-like spores. A common name for Spathularia flavida is yellow Earth tongue. The spores are tightly packed side by side in the asci. The fruit body of S. flavida is a light yellowish-brown color and rarely of a brown color. The stipe grows to about eight centimeters in length and one centimeter in girth, and the flattened head grows on the sides of the stipe. It has a fairly smooth head and stipe, and has no odor. Several specimens were recovered in two expeditions to Sichuan Province, China, in 1997 and 1998. The habitat ranges across continents, mainly the coniferous forests of the United States and Europe. It can be found near the bases of coniferous trees in ring shaped clusters; however, sightings are rare and infrequent. | [] | [
"Spathularia flavida"
] | [
"Helotiales genera",
"Helotiales"
] |
projected-23572882-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spathularia | Spathularia | Spathularia neesii | Spathularia is a genus of fungi in the family Cudoniaceae. Species in the genus are found in coniferous forests around the bases of conifers or near rotting logs. The genus name is Latin for 'broad sword'. | Spathularia neesii is similar to S. flavida''' it is roughly the same size and shape, up to 8 centimeters in length and 1 centimeter in stipe width. Their colors are also similar–both are of a pale yellow but S. neesii tends to have a pale brown, tan, color, unlike the yellow of S. flavida. When dried both specimens look identical and is almost impossible to tell a difference with the naked eye. The distinguishing feature of S. neesii is the spores that measure 60 to 80 mic. long, around 20 mic. longer than that of S. flavida''. | [] | [
"Spathularia neesii"
] | [
"Helotiales genera",
"Helotiales"
] |
projected-23572882-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spathularia | Spathularia | References | Spathularia is a genus of fungi in the family Cudoniaceae. Species in the genus are found in coniferous forests around the bases of conifers or near rotting logs. The genus name is Latin for 'broad sword'. | Category:Helotiales genera
Category:Helotiales | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Helotiales genera",
"Helotiales"
] |
projected-23572883-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C4H8N2O2 | C4H8N2O2 | Introduction | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C4H8N2O2}}
The molecular formula C4H8N2O2 (molar mass: 116.12 g/mol) may refer to:
N-Acetylglycinamide
Dimethylglyoxime
HA-966
Category:Molecular formulas | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Molecular formulas"
] | |
projected-23572889-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20magic%20%28disambiguation%29 | White magic (disambiguation) | Introduction | White magic is magic used for benevolent purposes.
White Magic may also refer to:
White Magic (band), an American rock band
White Magic, a 2010 album by Swedish musician ceo
Kirk Stevens, a snooker player nicknamed "white magic"
Lacey, a professional wrestler who has also performed under the ring name White Magic
WhiteMagic, a display technology
Mephedrone, a drug also known as "white magic" | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-23572891-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided%20inspection | Computer-aided inspection | Introduction | Computer-aided inspection (CAI) is the use of software tools to assess manufactured objects. It is closely related to computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). Its primary purpose is to allow engineers to more quickly and precisely assess the physical properties of manufactured objects. These properties can include dimensions, material consistency, roughness and roundness. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Computer-aided design",
"Metrology"
] | |
projected-23572891-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided%20inspection | Computer-aided inspection | Uses | Computer-aided inspection (CAI) is the use of software tools to assess manufactured objects. It is closely related to computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). Its primary purpose is to allow engineers to more quickly and precisely assess the physical properties of manufactured objects. These properties can include dimensions, material consistency, roughness and roundness. | CAI has applications in industries ranging from food production to aerospace, commonly being used in the quality assurance step of the manufacturing process. It involves comparing manufactured objects with a CAD model, technical drawing or data sheet to ensure that the finished product is within specification and meets design intent. | [] | [
"Uses"
] | [
"Computer-aided design",
"Metrology"
] |
projected-23572891-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided%20inspection | Computer-aided inspection | Technologies | Computer-aided inspection (CAI) is the use of software tools to assess manufactured objects. It is closely related to computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). Its primary purpose is to allow engineers to more quickly and precisely assess the physical properties of manufactured objects. These properties can include dimensions, material consistency, roughness and roundness. | CAI machines can use a variety of technologies depending on the material of the product to be inspected, the properties to be measured, and the precision required. | [] | [
"Technologies"
] | [
"Computer-aided design",
"Metrology"
] |