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text_id stringlengths 22 22 | page_url stringlengths 31 389 | page_title stringlengths 1 250 | section_title stringlengths 0 4.67k | context_page_description stringlengths 0 108k | context_section_description stringlengths 1 187k | media list | hierachy list | category list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
projected-23573869-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADl%C3%A1%20Hl%C3%ADna | Bílá Hlína | Etymology | Bílá Hlína is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants. | The name means "white clay" and is derived from the white clay soil where the village was founded. | [] | [
"Etymology"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-23573869-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADl%C3%A1%20Hl%C3%ADna | Bílá Hlína | History | Bílá Hlína is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants. | Bílá Hlína was founded in 1712 and belongs to the youngest villages in the region. | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-23573869-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADl%C3%A1%20Hl%C3%ADna | Bílá Hlína | References | Bílá Hlína is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants. | Category:Villages in Mladá Boleslav District | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-23573872-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADtouchov | Bítouchov | Introduction | Bítouchov is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] | |
projected-23573872-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADtouchov | Bítouchov | Administrative parts | Bítouchov is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants. | Villages of Dalešice and Dolánky are administrative parts of Bítouchov. | [] | [
"Administrative parts"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-23573872-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADtouchov | Bítouchov | Notable people | Bítouchov is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants. | Voitre Marek (1919–1999), Czech-Australian artist | [] | [
"Notable people"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-23573872-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADtouchov | Bítouchov | References | Bítouchov is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants. | Category:Villages in Mladá Boleslav District | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-23573873-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shichij%C5%8D | Shichijō | Introduction | literally means seventh street in Japanese.
, a numbered east–west street in Heian-kyō, present-day Kyoto, Japan
Shichijō Station, a train station on the Keihan Main Line in Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto
, a Japanese kuge family descended from the | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-23573875-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bore%C4%8D | Boreč | Introduction | Boreč is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] | |
projected-23573875-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bore%C4%8D | Boreč | Administrative parts | Boreč is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants. | The village of Žebice is an administrative part of Boreč. | [] | [
"Administrative parts"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-23573875-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bore%C4%8D | Boreč | References | Boreč is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants. | Category:Villages in Mladá Boleslav District | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-20465833-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking%20the%20Habit%20%28film%29 | Breaking the Habit (film) | Introduction | Breaking the Habit is a 1964 American animated short documentary film directed by John Korty about cigarette smoking and lung cancer. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1964 films",
"1964 documentary films",
"1964 short films",
"1960s English-language films",
"1960s animated short films",
"1960s short documentary films",
"American short documentary films",
"American social guidance and drug education films",
"Documentary films about cancer",
"Films directed by J... | |
projected-20465833-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking%20the%20Habit%20%28film%29 | Breaking the Habit (film) | Content | Breaking the Habit is a 1964 American animated short documentary film directed by John Korty about cigarette smoking and lung cancer. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short. | Two men are discussing about the benefits of giving up smoking, while themselves puffing cigarettes. | [] | [
"Content"
] | [
"1964 films",
"1964 documentary films",
"1964 short films",
"1960s English-language films",
"1960s animated short films",
"1960s short documentary films",
"American short documentary films",
"American social guidance and drug education films",
"Documentary films about cancer",
"Films directed by J... |
projected-20465833-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking%20the%20Habit%20%28film%29 | Breaking the Habit (film) | Production | Breaking the Habit is a 1964 American animated short documentary film directed by John Korty about cigarette smoking and lung cancer. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short. | Freelance animator Korty moved to Stinson Beach, California, where one day he met sound artist Henry Jacobs who had prepared the soundtrack for a future short film about smoking, sponsored by the California division of American Cancer Society. Korty began work on the film under his own company Korty Films, employing cutout animation, conceptualized the characters and prepared the animation frames in his home studio and finally shooting them using a homemade camera stand. Modern Talking Picture Service distributed the film. | [] | [
"Production"
] | [
"1964 films",
"1964 documentary films",
"1964 short films",
"1960s English-language films",
"1960s animated short films",
"1960s short documentary films",
"American short documentary films",
"American social guidance and drug education films",
"Documentary films about cancer",
"Films directed by J... |
projected-20465833-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking%20the%20Habit%20%28film%29 | Breaking the Habit (film) | Reception | Breaking the Habit is a 1964 American animated short documentary film directed by John Korty about cigarette smoking and lung cancer. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short. | Described variously as "[d]one in semi-surrealistic style" and having "deadpan dialogue with a minimalist animation style", Breaking the Habit received a nomination at the 37th Academy Awards in the Best Documentary (Short Subject) category but lost to Nine from Little Rock. An article in The Kingston Daily Freeman stated that the film "reveals both the danger and the essential silliness of smoking".
The Washington State Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction included Breaking the Habit in its list of prescribed films to be shown in schools to discourage smoking and creating awareness regarding medical issues caused by it. It was also screened at the 1st Chicago Film Festival held in 1965, the following year's Melbourne International Film Festival and won a Silver Award at the San Francisco International Film Festival. The soundtrack of the film was included in the album The Wide Weird World of Henry Jacobs. , the Academy Film Archive was working on restoring the short film. | [] | [
"Reception"
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"1964 films",
"1964 documentary films",
"1964 short films",
"1960s English-language films",
"1960s animated short films",
"1960s short documentary films",
"American short documentary films",
"American social guidance and drug education films",
"Documentary films about cancer",
"Films directed by J... |
projected-23573877-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%C5%88 | Boseň | Introduction | Boseň is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] | |
projected-23573877-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%C5%88 | Boseň | Administrative parts | Boseň is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants. | Villages and hamlets of Mužský, Zápudov and Zásadka are administrative parts of Boseň. | [] | [
"Administrative parts"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-23573877-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%C5%88 | Boseň | References | Boseň is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants. | Category:Villages in Mladá Boleslav District | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-23573884-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradlec | Bradlec | Introduction | Bradlec is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has a population of about 1,300. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] | |
projected-23573884-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradlec | Bradlec | References | Bradlec is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has a population of about 1,300. | Category:Villages in Mladá Boleslav District | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-23573887-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhtelecom | Kazakhtelecom | Introduction | Kazakhtelecom JSC (, Qazaqtelekom; ) is the largest telecommunication company in Kazakhstan. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Communications in Kazakhstan",
"Companies based in Astana",
"Telecommunications companies established in 1994",
"Companies of Kazakhstan",
"1994 establishments in Kazakhstan",
"Kazakhstani brands",
"Companies listed on the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange"
] | |
projected-23573887-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhtelecom | Kazakhtelecom | Shareholders | Kazakhtelecom JSC (, Qazaqtelekom; ) is the largest telecommunication company in Kazakhstan. | 51.00% - AO Samruk-Kazyna JSC - fund of national wealth
16.90% - Bodam B.V. (Amsterdam, Netherland)
14.60% - Bank of New York
9.60% - Deran Services Limited
3.00% - Optimus Ltd
0.70% - shares traded on KASE
4.20% - other shareholders | [] | [
"Shareholders"
] | [
"Communications in Kazakhstan",
"Companies based in Astana",
"Telecommunications companies established in 1994",
"Companies of Kazakhstan",
"1994 establishments in Kazakhstan",
"Kazakhstani brands",
"Companies listed on the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange"
] |
projected-23573887-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhtelecom | Kazakhtelecom | KazakhTelecom subsidiaries | Kazakhtelecom JSC (, Qazaqtelekom; ) is the largest telecommunication company in Kazakhstan. | K-Cell
51% Fintur Holdings B.V.
58.55% TeliaSonera
41.45% Turkcell
49% KazakhTelecom JSC
Altel
100% KazakhTelecom JSC
Neo-Kazakhstan
51% KazakhTelecom JSC
49% AsiaNet Kazakhstan LLP | [] | [
"KazakhTelecom subsidiaries"
] | [
"Communications in Kazakhstan",
"Companies based in Astana",
"Telecommunications companies established in 1994",
"Companies of Kazakhstan",
"1994 establishments in Kazakhstan",
"Kazakhstani brands",
"Companies listed on the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange"
] |
projected-23573887-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhtelecom | Kazakhtelecom | See also | Kazakhtelecom JSC (, Qazaqtelekom; ) is the largest telecommunication company in Kazakhstan. | List of mobile network operators of the Asia Pacific region#Kazakhstan | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Communications in Kazakhstan",
"Companies based in Astana",
"Telecommunications companies established in 1994",
"Companies of Kazakhstan",
"1994 establishments in Kazakhstan",
"Kazakhstani brands",
"Companies listed on the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange"
] |
projected-26720872-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off%21 | Off! | Introduction | Off! (stylized as OFF!) is an American hardcore punk supergroup, formed in Los Angeles, California in late 2009 by Circle Jerks/Black Flag singer Keith Morris, Burning Brides frontman Dimitri Coats, Redd Kross bassist Steven Shane McDonald, and Rocket From The Crypt/Hot Snakes drummer Mario Rubalcaba. In 2021, it was announced that the line-up changed, with McDonald and Rubalcaba replaced by Autry Fulbright II and Justin Brown, respectively. The band are known for playing short, intense punk songs, with Pitchfork describing the band as "a vital blast of classic hardcore." | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Hardcore punk groups from California",
"Supergroups (music)",
"Musical groups established in 2009",
"Musical groups from Los Angeles",
"Fat Possum Records artists"
] | |
projected-26720872-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off%21 | Off! | History | Off! (stylized as OFF!) is an American hardcore punk supergroup, formed in Los Angeles, California in late 2009 by Circle Jerks/Black Flag singer Keith Morris, Burning Brides frontman Dimitri Coats, Redd Kross bassist Steven Shane McDonald, and Rocket From The Crypt/Hot Snakes drummer Mario Rubalcaba. In 2021, it was announced that the line-up changed, with McDonald and Rubalcaba replaced by Autry Fulbright II and Justin Brown, respectively. The band are known for playing short, intense punk songs, with Pitchfork describing the band as "a vital blast of classic hardcore." | The idea to form the band came after Coats had worked as producer on a prospective Circle Jerks album which ultimately fell apart. During that time, Coats and Morris had written several songs together which they used to start Off!. The group made its live debut at the 2010 South By Southwest Music Festival in Austin, Texas. Off!'s first Los Angeles show featured an original art installation by Raymond Pettibon at a downtown warehouse space.
The first release by Off! was a 7" vinyl EP called 1st EP, which came out on October 13, 2010. That EP, along with three more EPs, were later released as a four 7" vinyl box set entitled First Four EPs on December 14, 2010. The collection contains sixteen songs, and featured artwork by Raymond Pettibon. The compilation is also regarded as the band's debut album.
In 2012, Off! released a full-length self-titled album. In April 2014, the band released their third album, Wasted Years. Each of their albums has featured cover art by Pettibon, and each is 16 tracks long.
Anthony Kiedis of the Red Hot Chili Peppers has been one of Morris' friends for over 30 years. Morris, at one point in the '80s, filled in for Kiedis at one of the band's shows. At every date on the Red Hot Chili Peppers' I'm with You World Tour, Kiedis wore an Off! hat to promote the band. He also sported the hat in some of the band's music videos. Off! have also opened a few shows for the band. On their relationship, Morris said: “I’ve known Anthony since the beginning of the Red Hot Chili Peppers. Anthony and Flea are my friends, and if I want to go out and play shows with some of my friends, I’m going to. I’ve been playing music for over 33 years, and I have some friends that are in extremely large bands. We could go out night after night and play to people who know who we are, and that’s all fan-fucking-tastic, but part of our job is to take it up a couple of notches. Those people may hate us, but maybe they’ll love us. There’s only one way to find out and that’s to do it.”
In 2019, the band announced a new feature film and accompanying soundtrack album called Watermelon. The film was scheduled to start shooting in early 2020. The film's Kickstarter, however, was ultimately unsuccessful, falling short of its $175,000 goal.
In July 2021, after over a year without any updates, the band announced via Facebook that the film was still in production but that the band has "a new rhythm section."The band at that same time released their first new song in seven years: a cover of Metallica's "Holier than Thou," which subsequently appeared on The Metallica Blacklist tribute album. A music video for the song was released, and featured appearances by David Yow of The Jesus Lizard, Angelo Moore of Fishbone, cosplayer/actress Chloe Dykstra, and writer/director/comedian Derrick Beckles, among others. The new music video also revealed the new members of the band to be Autry Fulbright II (...And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead) on bass and Justin Brown (Thundercat) on drums. The band also announced that they are still working on a new album, and have signed with Fat Possum Records who along with their next album, will also release their back catalog. | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Hardcore punk groups from California",
"Supergroups (music)",
"Musical groups established in 2009",
"Musical groups from Los Angeles",
"Fat Possum Records artists"
] |
projected-26720872-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off%21 | Off! | Band members | Off! (stylized as OFF!) is an American hardcore punk supergroup, formed in Los Angeles, California in late 2009 by Circle Jerks/Black Flag singer Keith Morris, Burning Brides frontman Dimitri Coats, Redd Kross bassist Steven Shane McDonald, and Rocket From The Crypt/Hot Snakes drummer Mario Rubalcaba. In 2021, it was announced that the line-up changed, with McDonald and Rubalcaba replaced by Autry Fulbright II and Justin Brown, respectively. The band are known for playing short, intense punk songs, with Pitchfork describing the band as "a vital blast of classic hardcore." | Current members
Keith Morris – vocals (2009-present)
Dimitri Coats – guitar (2009-present)
Autry Fulbright II – bass (2021–present)
Justin Brown – drums (2021–present)
Past members
Steven Shane McDonald – bass (2009–2021)
Mario Rubalcaba – drums (2009–2021)
Timeline | [] | [
"Band members"
] | [
"Hardcore punk groups from California",
"Supergroups (music)",
"Musical groups established in 2009",
"Musical groups from Los Angeles",
"Fat Possum Records artists"
] |
projected-26720872-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off%21 | Off! | Studio albums | Off! (stylized as OFF!) is an American hardcore punk supergroup, formed in Los Angeles, California in late 2009 by Circle Jerks/Black Flag singer Keith Morris, Burning Brides frontman Dimitri Coats, Redd Kross bassist Steven Shane McDonald, and Rocket From The Crypt/Hot Snakes drummer Mario Rubalcaba. In 2021, it was announced that the line-up changed, with McDonald and Rubalcaba replaced by Autry Fulbright II and Justin Brown, respectively. The band are known for playing short, intense punk songs, with Pitchfork describing the band as "a vital blast of classic hardcore." | Off! (2012)
Wasted Years (2014)
Free LSD (2022) | [] | [
"Discography",
"Studio albums"
] | [
"Hardcore punk groups from California",
"Supergroups (music)",
"Musical groups established in 2009",
"Musical groups from Los Angeles",
"Fat Possum Records artists"
] |
projected-26720872-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off%21 | Off! | Compilation albums | Off! (stylized as OFF!) is an American hardcore punk supergroup, formed in Los Angeles, California in late 2009 by Circle Jerks/Black Flag singer Keith Morris, Burning Brides frontman Dimitri Coats, Redd Kross bassist Steven Shane McDonald, and Rocket From The Crypt/Hot Snakes drummer Mario Rubalcaba. In 2021, it was announced that the line-up changed, with McDonald and Rubalcaba replaced by Autry Fulbright II and Justin Brown, respectively. The band are known for playing short, intense punk songs, with Pitchfork describing the band as "a vital blast of classic hardcore." | First Four EPs (2010) | [] | [
"Discography",
"Compilation albums"
] | [
"Hardcore punk groups from California",
"Supergroups (music)",
"Musical groups established in 2009",
"Musical groups from Los Angeles",
"Fat Possum Records artists"
] |
projected-26720872-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off%21 | Off! | Live albums | Off! (stylized as OFF!) is an American hardcore punk supergroup, formed in Los Angeles, California in late 2009 by Circle Jerks/Black Flag singer Keith Morris, Burning Brides frontman Dimitri Coats, Redd Kross bassist Steven Shane McDonald, and Rocket From The Crypt/Hot Snakes drummer Mario Rubalcaba. In 2021, it was announced that the line-up changed, with McDonald and Rubalcaba replaced by Autry Fulbright II and Justin Brown, respectively. The band are known for playing short, intense punk songs, with Pitchfork describing the band as "a vital blast of classic hardcore." | Live at 9:30 Club (limited edition vinyl release) (2013)
Live From the BBC (2015) | [] | [
"Discography",
"Live albums"
] | [
"Hardcore punk groups from California",
"Supergroups (music)",
"Musical groups established in 2009",
"Musical groups from Los Angeles",
"Fat Possum Records artists"
] |
projected-26720872-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off%21 | Off! | Singles | Off! (stylized as OFF!) is an American hardcore punk supergroup, formed in Los Angeles, California in late 2009 by Circle Jerks/Black Flag singer Keith Morris, Burning Brides frontman Dimitri Coats, Redd Kross bassist Steven Shane McDonald, and Rocket From The Crypt/Hot Snakes drummer Mario Rubalcaba. In 2021, it was announced that the line-up changed, with McDonald and Rubalcaba replaced by Autry Fulbright II and Justin Brown, respectively. The band are known for playing short, intense punk songs, with Pitchfork describing the band as "a vital blast of classic hardcore." | 1st EP (2010)
"Compared to What" (2011)
Live at Generation Records (2011)
Sugar Daddy Live Split Series Vol. 3 (split with the Taylor's) (2012)
"Learn to Obey" (2014)
"War Above Los Angeles" (2022) | [] | [
"Discography",
"Singles"
] | [
"Hardcore punk groups from California",
"Supergroups (music)",
"Musical groups established in 2009",
"Musical groups from Los Angeles",
"Fat Possum Records artists"
] |
projected-26720872-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off%21 | Off! | Compilation appearances | Off! (stylized as OFF!) is an American hardcore punk supergroup, formed in Los Angeles, California in late 2009 by Circle Jerks/Black Flag singer Keith Morris, Burning Brides frontman Dimitri Coats, Redd Kross bassist Steven Shane McDonald, and Rocket From The Crypt/Hot Snakes drummer Mario Rubalcaba. In 2021, it was announced that the line-up changed, with McDonald and Rubalcaba replaced by Autry Fulbright II and Justin Brown, respectively. The band are known for playing short, intense punk songs, with Pitchfork describing the band as "a vital blast of classic hardcore." | The Music of Grand Theft Auto V (2013)
Features the exclusive track "What's Next?"
The Metallica Blacklist (2021)
Features the exclusive track "Holier Than Thou" | [] | [
"Discography",
"Compilation appearances"
] | [
"Hardcore punk groups from California",
"Supergroups (music)",
"Musical groups established in 2009",
"Musical groups from Los Angeles",
"Fat Possum Records artists"
] |
projected-23573898-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bran%C5%BEe%C5%BE | Branžež | Introduction | Branžež is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] | |
projected-23573898-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bran%C5%BEe%C5%BE | Branžež | Administrative parts | Branžež is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants. | Villages of Nová Ves are Zakopaná are administrative parts of Branžež. | [] | [
"Administrative parts"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-23573898-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bran%C5%BEe%C5%BE | Branžež | References | Branžež is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants. | Category:Villages in Mladá Boleslav District | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-06900671-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Goodnight | James Goodnight | Introduction | James Howard Goodnight (born January 6, 1943) is an American billionaire businessman and software developer. He has been the CEO of SAS Institute since 1976, which he co-founded that year with other faculty members of North Carolina State University. As of February 2022, his net worth was estimated at US$7.3 billion. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1943 births",
"American billionaires",
"American technology chief executives",
"American humanitarians",
"American statisticians",
"Businesspeople in software",
"Living people",
"Businesspeople from North Carolina",
"North Carolina State University alumni",
"People from Cary, North Carolina",
"... | |
projected-06900671-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Goodnight | James Goodnight | Early life and career | James Howard Goodnight (born January 6, 1943) is an American billionaire businessman and software developer. He has been the CEO of SAS Institute since 1976, which he co-founded that year with other faculty members of North Carolina State University. As of February 2022, his net worth was estimated at US$7.3 billion. | Goodnight was born to Albert Goodnight and Dorothy Patterson in Salisbury, North Carolina, on January 6, 1943. He lived in Greensboro until he was 12, when his family moved to Wilmington. As a kid he worked at his father's hardware store.
Goodnight's career with computers began with a computer course at North Carolina State University. One summer he got a job writing software programs for the agricultural economics department. Goodnight was a member of the Beta-Beta chapter of Tau Kappa Epsilon at NC State, and contributed to the construction of a new fraternity house for the chapter in 2002.
Goodnight received a master's degree in statistics in 1968. He also worked at a company building electronic equipment for the ground stations that communicated with the Apollo space capsules. While working on the Apollo program, Goodnight experienced a work environment with a high turnover rate and this shaped his views on corporate culture. Goodnight returned to North Carolina State University after working on the Apollo project, where he earned a PhD in statistics and was a faculty member from 1972 to 1976. | [] | [
"Early life and career"
] | [
"1943 births",
"American billionaires",
"American technology chief executives",
"American humanitarians",
"American statisticians",
"Businesspeople in software",
"Living people",
"Businesspeople from North Carolina",
"North Carolina State University alumni",
"People from Cary, North Carolina",
"... |
projected-06900671-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Goodnight | James Goodnight | Career | James Howard Goodnight (born January 6, 1943) is an American billionaire businessman and software developer. He has been the CEO of SAS Institute since 1976, which he co-founded that year with other faculty members of North Carolina State University. As of February 2022, his net worth was estimated at US$7.3 billion. | Goodnight joined another faculty at North Carolina State in a research project to create a general purpose statistical analysis system (SAS) for analyzing agricultural data. The project was operated by a consortium of eight land-grant universities and funded primarily by the USDA. Goodnight along with another faculty member Anthony James Barr became project leaders for the development of the early version of SAS. When the software had 100 customers in 1976, Goodnight and three others from the University left the college to form SAS Institute in an office across the street.
Goodnight remained CEO of SAS Institute for more than 35 years as the company grew from $138,000 its first year in business, to $420 million in 1993 and $2.43 billion by 2010. Under his leadership, the company grew each year. Goodnight became known for creating and defending SAS' corporate culture, often described by the media as "utopian." He rejected acquisition offers and chose against going public to protect the company's work environment. Goodnight has maintained a flat organizational structure with about 27 people who report directly to him and three organizational layers.
HSM Global described Goodnight's leadership style in a framework of three pillars: "help employees do their best work by keeping them intellectually challenged and by removing distractions; Make managers responsible for sparking creativity; eliminate arbitrary distinctions between 'suits' and 'creatives'; Engage customers as creative partners to help deliver superior products."
In 1981, Goodnight was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. In 1997, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.
In 2004, he was named a Great American Business Leader by Harvard. That same year he was named one of America's 25 Most Fascinating Entrepreneurs by Inc. Magazine. He has also been a frequent speaker and participant at the World Economic Forum.
In March 2020, Jim Goodnight was awarded a CEO Great Place to Work For All Leadership Award by Great Place to Work. | [
"Jim Goodnight.jpg"
] | [
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"American billionaires",
"American technology chief executives",
"American humanitarians",
"American statisticians",
"Businesspeople in software",
"Living people",
"Businesspeople from North Carolina",
"North Carolina State University alumni",
"People from Cary, North Carolina",
"... |
projected-06900671-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Goodnight | James Goodnight | Personal life | James Howard Goodnight (born January 6, 1943) is an American billionaire businessman and software developer. He has been the CEO of SAS Institute since 1976, which he co-founded that year with other faculty members of North Carolina State University. As of February 2022, his net worth was estimated at US$7.3 billion. | Goodnight met his wife, Ann, while he was a senior at North Carolina State University and she was attending Meredith College. They have been married approximately five decades and have three children. Goodnight's net worth was $7.3 billion, as of February 2022.
Goodnight has an interest in improving the state of education, particularly elementary and secondary education. In 1996, Goodnight and his wife, along with his business partner, John Sall and his wife Ginger, founded an independent prep school Cary Academy. Both of the Goodnights are also involved in the local Cary, NC, community. He owns Prestonwood Country Club and The Umstead Hotel and Spa situated on the edge of the SAS campus. | [] | [
"Personal life"
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"1943 births",
"American billionaires",
"American technology chief executives",
"American humanitarians",
"American statisticians",
"Businesspeople in software",
"Living people",
"Businesspeople from North Carolina",
"North Carolina State University alumni",
"People from Cary, North Carolina",
"... |
projected-06900671-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Goodnight | James Goodnight | See also | James Howard Goodnight (born January 6, 1943) is an American billionaire businessman and software developer. He has been the CEO of SAS Institute since 1976, which he co-founded that year with other faculty members of North Carolina State University. As of February 2022, his net worth was estimated at US$7.3 billion. | List of Americans by net worth
List of Tau Kappa Epsilon brothers
Prestonwood Country Club | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"1943 births",
"American billionaires",
"American technology chief executives",
"American humanitarians",
"American statisticians",
"Businesspeople in software",
"Living people",
"Businesspeople from North Carolina",
"North Carolina State University alumni",
"People from Cary, North Carolina",
"... |
projected-23573899-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodce | Brodce | Introduction | Brodce () is a market town in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants.
Brodce is located south of Mladá Boleslav and northeast of Prague. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Market towns in the Czech Republic"
] | |
projected-23573899-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodce | Brodce | History | Brodce () is a market town in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants.
Brodce is located south of Mladá Boleslav and northeast of Prague. | The first written mention of Brodce is from 1130. | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Market towns in the Czech Republic"
] |
projected-23573899-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brodce | Brodce | References | Brodce () is a market town in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants.
Brodce is located south of Mladá Boleslav and northeast of Prague. | Category:Market towns in the Czech Republic | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Market towns in the Czech Republic"
] |
projected-26720874-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar%20%28band%29 | Interstellar (band) | Introduction | Interstellar was a Canadian rock band based in Toronto, Ontario. The band released two albums of electronic music in the 2000s. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Canadian rock music groups"
] | |
projected-26720874-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar%20%28band%29 | Interstellar (band) | History | Interstellar was a Canadian rock band based in Toronto, Ontario. The band released two albums of electronic music in the 2000s. | The band was formed in 1998 by Rob Boak (guitar, bass, keyboards) and Denis Dufour (guitar, bass, keyboards, vocals). The debut album, Late Night Tea, was released in 2000 on Mother Superior Records. Cam Lindsay of Exclaim! described the record as sounding like it had been recorded "at four in the morning", comparing it with Spiritualized and Tortoise.
Interstellar's second album ToSleepToDreamToWake was recorded over three years and issued in 2004 on Plan Eleven Records, charting across Canada and was aired on campus and community radio. The album contained a mixture of uptempo jazz, psychedelia and electro-pop, overlaid with electronic guitar and synthesizer instrumental work.
Rob Boak also played guitar/Moog in Mean Red Spiders and after Interstellar split up, recorded under the name Cinemascope, Dark Constellations and Infinity Projector. | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Canadian rock music groups"
] |
projected-26720874-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar%20%28band%29 | Interstellar (band) | Discography | Interstellar was a Canadian rock band based in Toronto, Ontario. The band released two albums of electronic music in the 2000s. | Late Night Tea (2000), Mother Superior
ToSleepToDreamToWake (2004), Plan Eleven | [] | [
"Discography"
] | [
"Canadian rock music groups"
] |
projected-26720874-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar%20%28band%29 | Interstellar (band) | References | Interstellar was a Canadian rock band based in Toronto, Ontario. The band released two albums of electronic music in the 2000s. | Category:Canadian rock music groups | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Canadian rock music groups"
] |
projected-23573902-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%99ezina%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Březina (Mladá Boleslav District) | Introduction | Březina is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] | |
projected-23573902-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%99ezina%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Březina (Mladá Boleslav District) | Administrative parts | Březina is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants. | The village of Honsob is an administrative part of Březina. | [] | [
"Administrative parts"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-23573902-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%99ezina%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Březina (Mladá Boleslav District) | References | Březina is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants. | Category:Villages in Mladá Boleslav District | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-23573905-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%99ezno%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Březno (Mladá Boleslav District) | Introduction | Březno is a market town in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Market towns in the Czech Republic",
"Populated places in Mladá Boleslav District"
] | |
projected-23573905-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%99ezno%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Březno (Mladá Boleslav District) | Administration | Březno is a market town in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants. | The village of Dolánky is an administrative part of Březno. | [] | [
"Administration"
] | [
"Market towns in the Czech Republic",
"Populated places in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-23573905-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%99ezno%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Březno (Mladá Boleslav District) | History | Březno is a market town in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants. | The first written mention of Březno is from 1255. | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Market towns in the Czech Republic",
"Populated places in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-23573905-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%99ezno%20%28Mlad%C3%A1%20Boleslav%20District%29 | Březno (Mladá Boleslav District) | References | Březno is a market town in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants. | Category:Market towns in the Czech Republic
Category:Populated places in Mladá Boleslav District | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Market towns in the Czech Republic",
"Populated places in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-06900674-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muravyov | Muravyov | Introduction | Muravyov (, from meaning ant), or Muravyova (feminine form; ), also transliterated as Muraviev, Muravyev or Murav'ev, is a common Russian last name. It may refer to:
Alexey Muravyov (1900–1941), Soviet army officer
Darya Muravyeva (born 1998), Kazakhstani water polo player
Dimitry Muravyev (born 1979), Kazakhstani road bicycle racer
Irina Muravyova (born 1949), Soviet actress
Konstantin Muraviev (1893–1965), Bulgarian politician
Matvey Muravyev (1784–1836), Russian explorer
Mikhail Muravyov (disambiguation) – several people
Nadezhda Muravyeva (born 1980), Russian handball player
Nikita Muravyov (1795–1843), a member of the Decembrist movement
Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky (1809–1881), a Russian statesman and diplomat
Nikolay Muraviev (1850–1908) Russian statesman
Nikolay Muravyov-Karsky (1794–1866), Russian military leader and statesman
Olena Muravyova (1867–1939), Ukrainian opera singer
Vladimir Muravyov (athlete) (born 1959), former Soviet track and field athlete
Vladimir Muravyov (translator) (1939–2001), Russian translator and literary critic
Vyacheslav Muravyev (born 1982), Kazakhstani sprinter | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Russian-language surnames"
] | |
projected-06900674-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muravyov | Muravyov | See also | Muravyov (, from meaning ant), or Muravyova (feminine form; ), also transliterated as Muraviev, Muravyev or Murav'ev, is a common Russian last name. It may refer to:
Alexey Muravyov (1900–1941), Soviet army officer
Darya Muravyeva (born 1998), Kazakhstani water polo player
Dimitry Muravyev (born 1979), Kazakhstani road bicycle racer
Irina Muravyova (born 1949), Soviet actress
Konstantin Muraviev (1893–1965), Bulgarian politician
Matvey Muravyev (1784–1836), Russian explorer
Mikhail Muravyov (disambiguation) – several people
Nadezhda Muravyeva (born 1980), Russian handball player
Nikita Muravyov (1795–1843), a member of the Decembrist movement
Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky (1809–1881), a Russian statesman and diplomat
Nikolay Muraviev (1850–1908) Russian statesman
Nikolay Muravyov-Karsky (1794–1866), Russian military leader and statesman
Olena Muravyova (1867–1939), Ukrainian opera singer
Vladimir Muravyov (athlete) (born 1959), former Soviet track and field athlete
Vladimir Muravyov (translator) (1939–2001), Russian translator and literary critic
Vyacheslav Muravyev (born 1982), Kazakhstani sprinter | Muraviev Amurski-class cruiser, pair of light cruisers Russian empire ordered in 1912 from a Danzig shipyard, seized in 1914 for the German Kriegsmarine
Muravyov-Apostol (disambiguation), several people
6538 Muraviov, an asteroid
Category:Russian-language surnames | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Russian-language surnames"
] |
projected-20465858-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20E.%20David%20Jr. | Edward E. David Jr. | Introduction | Edward Emil "Ed" David Jr. (January 25, 1925 – February 13, 2017) was an American electrical engineer who served as science advisor to President Richard M. Nixon and director of the White House Office of Science and Technology from 1970 to 1973. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1925 births",
"2017 deaths",
"American electrical engineers",
"Engineers from New Jersey",
"Engineers from North Carolina",
"Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering",
"Nixon administration personnel",
"Office of Science and Technology Policy officials",
"People from Bedminster,... | |
projected-20465858-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20E.%20David%20Jr. | Edward E. David Jr. | Early life and education | Edward Emil "Ed" David Jr. (January 25, 1925 – February 13, 2017) was an American electrical engineer who served as science advisor to President Richard M. Nixon and director of the White House Office of Science and Technology from 1970 to 1973. | David was born in Wilmington, North Carolina on January 25, 1925. He earned a Bachelor of Science from the Georgia Tech, followed by a Master of Science and Doctor of Science in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1947. | [] | [
"Early life and education"
] | [
"1925 births",
"2017 deaths",
"American electrical engineers",
"Engineers from New Jersey",
"Engineers from North Carolina",
"Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering",
"Nixon administration personnel",
"Office of Science and Technology Policy officials",
"People from Bedminster,... |
projected-20465858-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20E.%20David%20Jr. | Edward E. David Jr. | Career | Edward Emil "Ed" David Jr. (January 25, 1925 – February 13, 2017) was an American electrical engineer who served as science advisor to President Richard M. Nixon and director of the White House Office of Science and Technology from 1970 to 1973. | He took a job with Bell Telephone Laboratories and worked there from 1950 to 1970, eventually becoming executive director for communications research. Following the resignation of Lee A. DuBridge, David was appointed as Richard Nixon's science advisor. David resigned in 1973, citing "disappointment that his advice had not been heeded." He then took a position as executive vice president of R&D and planning at Gould Electronics from 1973 to 1977.
He founded consulting group EED, Inc. in 1977, advising industry, government, and universities on technology, research, and innovation management. He was the president of research and engineering at Exxon from 1977 to 1986. In 1983, he was awarded the IRI Medal from the Industrial Research Institute in recognition for his leadership contributions. He joined the Washington Advisory Group in 1997, serving as treasurer until 2004. He also served as director of Ronson.
David was elected to both the National Academy of Engineering and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1966. In 1970 he was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences. In 1974, he was elected to the MIT Corporation and as a life member. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1979. He was awarded The Delmer S. Fahrney Medal in 1985.
David was also active in public service to his adopted state, serving on the board of the New Jersey Commission on Science and Technology (NJCST) alongside William O. Baker, his former vice president at Bell Labs. In 1982, while still at Exxon, David was appointed by Governor Thomas Kean to the governor's study commission that led to formation of the NJCST. Once the NJCST became a statutory agency with responsibility for the state's programs in science & technology-based economic development in 1985, David was re-appointed to its board and served as chair of its budget committee. During this period, he also chaired the Governor's Roundtable on (High-Temperature) Superconductivity, which was staffed by the NJCST. He left the NJCST board in 1990.
In 2012, David was a co-signatory of an op-ed in The Wall Street Journal questioning the scientific consensus on global warming. | [] | [
"Career"
] | [
"1925 births",
"2017 deaths",
"American electrical engineers",
"Engineers from New Jersey",
"Engineers from North Carolina",
"Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering",
"Nixon administration personnel",
"Office of Science and Technology Policy officials",
"People from Bedminster,... |
projected-20465858-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20E.%20David%20Jr. | Edward E. David Jr. | Death | Edward Emil "Ed" David Jr. (January 25, 1925 – February 13, 2017) was an American electrical engineer who served as science advisor to President Richard M. Nixon and director of the White House Office of Science and Technology from 1970 to 1973. | David died at his home in Bedminster, New Jersey on February 13, 2017, aged 92. | [] | [
"Death"
] | [
"1925 births",
"2017 deaths",
"American electrical engineers",
"Engineers from New Jersey",
"Engineers from North Carolina",
"Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering",
"Nixon administration personnel",
"Office of Science and Technology Policy officials",
"People from Bedminster,... |
projected-20465872-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CANUSA%20Games | CANUSA Games | Introduction | The CANUSA Games are an annual contest, primarily for athletes age 18 and under, between the sister cities of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and Flint, Michigan, United States. The Games are the longest-running amateur sports competition in North America. The games are held in alternate locations, with Hamilton, Ontario, hosting in odd-numbered years. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Canada–United States relations",
"Multi-sport events in Canada",
"Multi-sport events in the United States",
"North American international sports competitions",
"Recurring sporting events established in 1958",
"Sport in Hamilton, Ontario",
"Sports in Flint, Michigan",
"Tourist attractions in Genesee C... | |
projected-20465872-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CANUSA%20Games | CANUSA Games | History | The CANUSA Games are an annual contest, primarily for athletes age 18 and under, between the sister cities of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and Flint, Michigan, United States. The Games are the longest-running amateur sports competition in North America. The games are held in alternate locations, with Hamilton, Ontario, hosting in odd-numbered years. | As a result of the Flint Olympian Games held in Flint, Michigan, in July 1957, the Flint officials of the Games wanted a city, of similar size and population, to compete with on a yearly basis. Hamilton was selected, which birthed the "CANUSA" games, whose name was derived from combining the names Canada and United States - CAN/USA.
The Games began in August 1958, and consisted of 200 athletes (from each city) competing in seven different sports. The Games have grown considerably, which is supported by the more than 1,600 athletes from each city competing in 17 different competitive sports, including basketball, baseball, softball, volleyball, darts, golf, track and field, swimming and ice hockey. An estimated 25,000 people have participated in the games in their 50 years. | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Canada–United States relations",
"Multi-sport events in Canada",
"Multi-sport events in the United States",
"North American international sports competitions",
"Recurring sporting events established in 1958",
"Sport in Hamilton, Ontario",
"Sports in Flint, Michigan",
"Tourist attractions in Genesee C... |
projected-20465872-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CANUSA%20Games | CANUSA Games | Opening Ceremonies | The CANUSA Games are an annual contest, primarily for athletes age 18 and under, between the sister cities of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and Flint, Michigan, United States. The Games are the longest-running amateur sports competition in North America. The games are held in alternate locations, with Hamilton, Ontario, hosting in odd-numbered years. | The Opening Ceremonies of the CANUSA Games are arguably the most highlighted piece of the weekend. One of these highlights is most certainly the running relay which covers the distance between Flint and Hamilton - 245 miles. Departing the night before from the visiting city, relay runners carry the torch over the border, which is one of the longest international runs in all of North America. The torch is run into the venue in which the opening ceremonies are held, which represents the official start of the Games.
To symbolize the relationship between the sister cities, the national anthems (from both nations) are sung by everyone present at the Opening Ceremonies. The Friendship Trophy is also given by the Mayor of the host city to the Mayor of the visiting city as a symbol of friendship and peace. The Games take the true meaning of friendship to task as each year the visiting country's athletes "billet" or reside with their counterparts during the entire weekend beyond competition. It is considered the signature of the Game's existence. | [] | [
"Opening Ceremonies"
] | [
"Canada–United States relations",
"Multi-sport events in Canada",
"Multi-sport events in the United States",
"North American international sports competitions",
"Recurring sporting events established in 1958",
"Sport in Hamilton, Ontario",
"Sports in Flint, Michigan",
"Tourist attractions in Genesee C... |
projected-20465872-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CANUSA%20Games | CANUSA Games | References | The CANUSA Games are an annual contest, primarily for athletes age 18 and under, between the sister cities of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and Flint, Michigan, United States. The Games are the longest-running amateur sports competition in North America. The games are held in alternate locations, with Hamilton, Ontario, hosting in odd-numbered years. | Category:Canada–United States relations
Category:Multi-sport events in Canada
Category:Multi-sport events in the United States
Category:North American international sports competitions
Category:Recurring sporting events established in 1958
Category:Sport in Hamilton, Ontario
Category:Sports in Flint, Michigan
Category:Tourist attractions in Genesee County, Michigan | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Canada–United States relations",
"Multi-sport events in Canada",
"Multi-sport events in the United States",
"North American international sports competitions",
"Recurring sporting events established in 1958",
"Sport in Hamilton, Ontario",
"Sports in Flint, Michigan",
"Tourist attractions in Genesee C... |
projected-20465873-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsgewerkschaftskommission | Reichsgewerkschaftskommission | Introduction | Reichsgewerkschaftskommission ('Imperial Trade Union Commission', often referred to as the Vienna Commission) was a trade union centre in the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary. The Vienna Commission was formed in December 1893. Anton Hueber was the head of the Commission.
In 1928, the organisation was refounded as the Federation of Free Trade Unions in Austria, on an industrial union basis. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Trade unions in Austria-Hungary",
"National federations of trade unions",
"Trade unions established in 1893",
"1893 establishments in Austria-Hungary",
"Trade unions disestablished in 1928"
] | |
projected-20465873-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsgewerkschaftskommission | Reichsgewerkschaftskommission | See also | Reichsgewerkschaftskommission ('Imperial Trade Union Commission', often referred to as the Vienna Commission) was a trade union centre in the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary. The Vienna Commission was formed in December 1893. Anton Hueber was the head of the Commission.
In 1928, the organisation was refounded as the Federation of Free Trade Unions in Austria, on an industrial union basis. | Independent Social Democratic Party (Czech Lands) | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Trade unions in Austria-Hungary",
"National federations of trade unions",
"Trade unions established in 1893",
"1893 establishments in Austria-Hungary",
"Trade unions disestablished in 1928"
] |
projected-20465873-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsgewerkschaftskommission | Reichsgewerkschaftskommission | References | Reichsgewerkschaftskommission ('Imperial Trade Union Commission', often referred to as the Vienna Commission) was a trade union centre in the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary. The Vienna Commission was formed in December 1893. Anton Hueber was the head of the Commission.
In 1928, the organisation was refounded as the Federation of Free Trade Unions in Austria, on an industrial union basis. | Category:Trade unions in Austria-Hungary
Category:National federations of trade unions
Category:Trade unions established in 1893
Category:1893 establishments in Austria-Hungary
Category:Trade unions disestablished in 1928 | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Trade unions in Austria-Hungary",
"National federations of trade unions",
"Trade unions established in 1893",
"1893 establishments in Austria-Hungary",
"Trade unions disestablished in 1928"
] |
projected-26720882-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston%20McAnuff | Winston McAnuff | Introduction | Winston McAnuff, also known under the stage name Electric Dread (born 1957) is a Jamaican singer and composer of reggae and dub music. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Jamaican male singers",
"Jamaican people of Scottish descent",
"Jamaican reggae singers",
"Jamaican Rastafarians",
"Jamaican songwriters",
"Dub musicians",
"Performers of Rastafarian music",
"Jamaican former Christians",
"Converts to the Rastafari movement",
"People from Manchester Parish",
"19... | |
projected-26720882-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston%20McAnuff | Winston McAnuff | Life and career | Winston McAnuff, also known under the stage name Electric Dread (born 1957) is a Jamaican singer and composer of reggae and dub music. | McAnuff was born in Manchester Parish, Jamaica into a family of preachers. One of his great-grandfathers was Scottish. He started his musical career singing gospel in the church choir. He recorded his first album Pick Hits to Click in 1978. Two years later his second album What the man "a" deal wid was released. His best known song from this time is the single "Malcolm X" (about Malcolm X), which was also recorded by Earl Sixteen, and most successfully by Dennis Brown. It was originally recorded by McAnuff for Joe Gibbs but the producer decided not to release it, and he got Earl Sixteen to record it before the song was given to Dennis Brown who recorded it for his Visions of Dennis Brown album. The song was the subject of a legal dispute in 2013 between McAnuff and Greensleeves Records after the record label allegedly registered the song as co-written by Brown. A third studio album, Electric Dread, was released in 1986.
Although McAnuff had reasonable fame in Jamaica, none of his work was released elsewhere. It wasn't until 2002 that his work was released in Europe. In 2002 the French record label Makasound released the first two albums and a compilation album Diary of the Silent Years. The release of the albums revived McAnuff's career, notably in France.
In 2005 McAnuff released the album A Drop, which he recorded with the French keyboard player Camille Bazbaz. This record displays a mix of rock, funk, dub and punk rock. A year later, in 2006, a new album Paris Rockin''', which he recorded with Java and other French session musicians, was released. His last album, Nostradamus, was released in 2008. The album was a concept album about the predictions of Nostradamus.
In 2011, he took part in Les Échos Du Temps the latest album of Danakil, a French roots reggae band, on the track "Media" where both he and his son Matthew were featured. This is the last apparition of his son, murdered 22 August 2012 in a street fight.
In 2013 he released the album A New Day, a collaboration with French musician Fixi.
In 2014 he sings on two songs of the first album of The Celtic Social Club, a collective of Scottish, Breton, French and New Yorker musicians.
In 2017, he releases the album "Rabbi Son" with french producers Bost & Bim on their own label The Bombist.
McAnuff's nephew is professional footballer Jobi McAnuff.
Discography
Studio albumsPick Hits to Click (1978)What the Man "a" Deal Wid (1980) Electric Dread (1986)One Love (1995) – a rerelease of What the Man "a" Deal WidParis Rockin' (2006) Nostradamus (2008)Rabbi Son (2017)
Compilation albumsDiary of the Silent Years (2002) – compilation
Joint albumsA Drop (2005) – with Camille BazbazA Bang (2011) with The Bazbaz OrchestraGarden of Love EP (2013) – with FixiA New Day (2013) with FixiBig Brothers'' (2018) with Fixi | [] | [
"Life and career"
] | [
"Jamaican male singers",
"Jamaican people of Scottish descent",
"Jamaican reggae singers",
"Jamaican Rastafarians",
"Jamaican songwriters",
"Dub musicians",
"Performers of Rastafarian music",
"Jamaican former Christians",
"Converts to the Rastafari movement",
"People from Manchester Parish",
"19... |
projected-26720882-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston%20McAnuff | Winston McAnuff | References | Winston McAnuff, also known under the stage name Electric Dread (born 1957) is a Jamaican singer and composer of reggae and dub music. | Category:Jamaican male singers
Category:Jamaican people of Scottish descent
Category:Jamaican reggae singers
Category:Jamaican Rastafarians
Category:Jamaican songwriters
Category:Dub musicians
Category:Performers of Rastafarian music
Category:Jamaican former Christians
Category:Converts to the Rastafari movement
Category:People from Manchester Parish
Category:1957 births
Category:Living people | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Jamaican male singers",
"Jamaican people of Scottish descent",
"Jamaican reggae singers",
"Jamaican Rastafarians",
"Jamaican songwriters",
"Dub musicians",
"Performers of Rastafarian music",
"Jamaican former Christians",
"Converts to the Rastafari movement",
"People from Manchester Parish",
"19... |
projected-20465883-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann%20Michael%20W%C3%A4chter | Johann Michael Wächter | Introduction | Johann Michael Wächter (2 March 1794 – 26 May 1853) was an Austrian bass-baritone most famous for appearing in the operas of Richard Wagner.
Born in Rappersdorf in Austria, Wächter sang in various church choirs in Vienna, making his stage début in 1819 at Graz as Don Giovanni in Mozart's Don Giovanni. He also appeared at Bratislava, Vienna and Berlin. In 1827 he joined the Dresden Hofoper, where he remained for the rest of his career. Here his roles included Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro, and he sang in three Wagner premières, playing Orsini in Rienzi in 1842, the title role in Der fliegende Holländer in 1843, and Biterolf in Tannhäuser in 1845.
Hector Berlioz, who heard The Flying Dutchman in Dresden, considered Wächter's baritone ‘...one of the finest I have ever heard, and he uses it like a consummate singer. It is of that rich and vibrant timbre that has such a wonderful power of expression, provided that the artist sings with soul and feeling, which Wächter does to a high degree’.
Wächter, an old friend of Wagner's, was not equal to the demanding role of the Dutchman. Wagner later wrote:
"His total incapacity in the difficult role of my spectral, suffering mariner dawned on Schröder-Devrient unfortunately only after the rehearsals were too far along to make any change. Wächter's distressing corpulence, particularly his broad, round face and the curious way he moved his arms and legs like shrivelled stumps, sent my Senta in transports of despair."
His wife, the mezzo-soprano Thérèse Wächter-Wittman (31 August 1802 in Vienna – 3 October 1879 in Dresden), also sang at Dresden, creating the role of Mary in The Flying Dutchman. Wächter died in Dresden in 1853. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1794 births",
"1853 deaths",
"Operatic bass-baritones",
"19th-century Austrian male opera singers"
] | |
projected-20465886-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20P%C3%A9ri | La Péri | Introduction | La Péri is the title of two ballets:
La Péri (Burgmüller), by Friedrich Burgmüller, Jean Coralli, and Théophile Gautier, first performed in 1843
La Péri (Dukas), by Paul Dukas and Ivan Clustine, first performed in 1912 | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-20465891-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revati%20%28disambiguation%29 | Revati (disambiguation) | Introduction | Revati in Hinduism, is the daughter of King Kakudmi and the wife of Balarama, the elder brother of Krishna.
Revati may also refer to:
Revati (raga), a musical scale Carnatic music
Revati (nakshatra), nakshatra or lunar mansion in Vedic astrology, referring to the multiple star system Zeta Piscium
Revati (film), a 2005 Indian film
Revathi Pattathanam, an annual assembly of scholars held in Kerala, India
Revathi (born 1966), award-winning South Indian actress
Revathi Sankaran, Tamil television personality / actress
Revati, the proper name of the brightest component of the multiple star system Zeta Piscium | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-06900703-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerton%20Fire%20Department | Fullerton Fire Department | Introduction | The Fullerton Fire Department is the agency that provides fire protection and emergency medical services for Fullerton, California. The department is responsible for an area of approximately that has a population of just over 135,000 as of 2010. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Fire departments in California",
"Emergency services in Orange County, California",
"Organizations based in Fullerton, California",
"Government of Fullerton, California",
"1908 establishments in California"
] | |
projected-06900703-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerton%20Fire%20Department | Fullerton Fire Department | History | The Fullerton Fire Department is the agency that provides fire protection and emergency medical services for Fullerton, California. The department is responsible for an area of approximately that has a population of just over 135,000 as of 2010. | The Fullerton Fire Department was formally established as a volunteer department on August 10, 1908. The initial apparatus included a hand-drawn hook and ladder truck, a hand-drawn chemical wagon, and some ancillary equipment. In 1913 the voters passed a $5,000 bond issue, which was used to purchase the first piece of motorized apparatus, a 1913 Seagrave triple-combination (ladder, hose, and chemical) engine that was housed in rented quarters in the 200 block of North Spadra (now Harbor Boulevard). The city's first formal fire station was opened in 1926 in the 100 block of West Wilshire Avenue. This building housed the department's apparatus on the ground floor, while the second floor housed the city hall. In 1942, when a new city hall was built, the second floor of the Wilshire Avenue building was converted into sleeping quarters for the firefighters.
A second station was added at Brookhurst and Valencia in 1953 to serve the west side of the city, and a third was added at 700 S. Acacia to serve the east side of the city. By 1961 the department had made the transition from a volunteer department to one staffed by career firefighters. A bond issue passed in the mid-1960s funded the construction of a new fire department headquarters building at 312 E. Commonwealth. At that time the Wilshire Avenue station was leveled. The same bond funded the construction of a fourth station at 3251 N. Harbor Blvd. to serve the north-central part of the city, and a fifth station at 2555 E. Yorba Linda Blvd. to serve the rapidly growing east side of the city, which included the Cal State Fullerton campus.
A sixth station was opened at 1500 North Gilbert on the west side of the city in 1968. In 2004 this station was replaced by a new $3.4 million station that was built for the city by private developers as part of an agreement that allowed the developers to build on property owned by Chevron Land and Development.
On May 3, 2011 Fullerton and the Brea Fire Department from the adjacent city of Brea entered into an agreement to share the command structure of their respective fire departments. Under this agreement both share a fire chief, three division chiefs (operations, fire marshal, and administration), and four battalion chiefs (BC's). Three are shift battalion chiefs, and one is the battalion chief in charge of training. The command structure sharing agreement, will save Fullerton $463,000 annually, and will save Brea $881,000 annually. | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Fire departments in California",
"Emergency services in Orange County, California",
"Organizations based in Fullerton, California",
"Government of Fullerton, California",
"1908 establishments in California"
] |
projected-06900703-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerton%20Fire%20Department | Fullerton Fire Department | Metro Cities Fire Authority | The Fullerton Fire Department is the agency that provides fire protection and emergency medical services for Fullerton, California. The department is responsible for an area of approximately that has a population of just over 135,000 as of 2010. | The Fullerton Fire Department is part of the Metro Cities Fire Authority which provides emergency communications for multiple departments in and around Orange County. The call center, known as Metro Net Fire Dispatch, is located in Anaheim and provides 9-1-1 fire and EMS dispatch to over 1.2 million residence covering an area of . Other departments included in Metro Net include Anaheim Fire Department, Brea Fire Department, Fountain Valley, Huntington Beach Fire Department, Newport Beach Fire Department, Orange Fire Department and Orange County Fire Authority.
The Fullerton Fire Department also is part of the Orange County 800 MHz Countywide Coordinated Communications System. This system provides radio communications to law enforcement, fire services, public works departments, lifeguard, and marine safety services throughout the county. This system facilitates interoperability between units from different agencies, and makes possible a virtually seamless mutual aid system throughout the county.
Additionally, the Fullerton Fire Department is part of the county-wide automatic mutual aid system, which ensures that the nearest available fire and paramedic units are dispatched to a call regardless of the location. Fire departments throughout the county, including Fullerton, employ the incident command system routinely to coordinate resources during significant events. The automatic mutual aid system is used to dispatch resources from Fullerton and surrounding jurisdictions as needed in the event of a multiple alarm fire or other major emergency within the city. The automatic mutual aid system also is used to dispatch resources to incidents within the city when Fullerton units are unavailable owing to prior assignments, or for incidents occurring near the city limits in cases where the unit(s) from another jurisdiction can respond more quickly. | [] | [
"Metro Cities Fire Authority"
] | [
"Fire departments in California",
"Emergency services in Orange County, California",
"Organizations based in Fullerton, California",
"Government of Fullerton, California",
"1908 establishments in California"
] |
projected-06900703-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerton%20Fire%20Department | Fullerton Fire Department | Stations & Apparatus | The Fullerton Fire Department is the agency that provides fire protection and emergency medical services for Fullerton, California. The department is responsible for an area of approximately that has a population of just over 135,000 as of 2010. | The Fullerton Fire Department currently has six fire stations strategically located throughout the city. | [] | [
"Stations & Apparatus"
] | [
"Fire departments in California",
"Emergency services in Orange County, California",
"Organizations based in Fullerton, California",
"Government of Fullerton, California",
"1908 establishments in California"
] |
projected-06900703-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerton%20Fire%20Department | Fullerton Fire Department | Community Emergency Response Team | The Fullerton Fire Department is the agency that provides fire protection and emergency medical services for Fullerton, California. The department is responsible for an area of approximately that has a population of just over 135,000 as of 2010. | The Community Emergency Response Team for the city of Fullerton is sponsored by the Fullerton Fire Department. The Fullerton CERT is integrated into the command structure of the fire department. The team has its own volunteer command structure, which reports directly to the fire department battalion chief in charge of training. The team generally sponsors three training academies for the general public each year, which are open to those people over 18 years of age who reside or work in the city. Those persons who complete the training academy, which covers the standard, basic CERT training curriculum provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) are eligible to become active members of Fullerton CERT provided that they successfully complete a fingerprint live scan and background check.
In the event of a major emergency that affects the city, Fullerton CERT is activated by the fire chief (or his designee). | [] | [
"Community Emergency Response Team"
] | [
"Fire departments in California",
"Emergency services in Orange County, California",
"Organizations based in Fullerton, California",
"Government of Fullerton, California",
"1908 establishments in California"
] |
projected-20465904-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%20Without | Children Without | Introduction | Children Without is a 1964 American short documentary film directed by Charles Guggenheim, about a young girl and her brother growing up in the housing projects of Detroit. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short, losing to another film by Guggenheim, Nine from Little Rock. Children Without was preserved by the Academy Film Archive in 2016. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1964 films",
"1964 documentary films",
"1964 short films",
"1960s English-language films",
"1960s short documentary films",
"Films directed by Charles Guggenheim",
"Documentary films about children",
"Films set in Detroit",
"American short documentary films",
"1960s American films"
] | |
projected-20465904-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%20Without | Children Without | See also | Children Without is a 1964 American short documentary film directed by Charles Guggenheim, about a young girl and her brother growing up in the housing projects of Detroit. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short, losing to another film by Guggenheim, Nine from Little Rock. Children Without was preserved by the Academy Film Archive in 2016. | List of American films of 1964 | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"1964 films",
"1964 documentary films",
"1964 short films",
"1960s English-language films",
"1960s short documentary films",
"Films directed by Charles Guggenheim",
"Documentary films about children",
"Films set in Detroit",
"American short documentary films",
"1960s American films"
] |
projected-06900705-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygnotos%20%28vase%20painter%29 | Polygnotos (vase painter) | Introduction | Polygnotos (active approx. 450 - 420 BCE), a Greek vase-painter in Athens, is considered one of the most important vase painters of the red figure style of the high-classical period. He received his training in the workshop of the Niobid Painter and specialized in monumental vases, as in the manner of Polygnotos of Thasos, after whom he probably designated himself. He was the leading vase painter of the Group of Polygnotos which carries his name.
He painted particularly large containers such as stamnoi, kraters, hydria and shoulder amphorae, as well as Nolan amphorae and pelike.
Beside this famous vase painter two further vase painters have the name Polygnotos. They have become known in the scholarly literature as the Lewis Painter and the Nausikaa Painter. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"5th-century BC deaths",
"Ancient Greek vase painters",
"Ancient Athenians",
"Year of birth unknown"
] | |
projected-06900705-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygnotos%20%28vase%20painter%29 | Polygnotos (vase painter) | Further reading | Polygnotos (active approx. 450 - 420 BCE), a Greek vase-painter in Athens, is considered one of the most important vase painters of the red figure style of the high-classical period. He received his training in the workshop of the Niobid Painter and specialized in monumental vases, as in the manner of Polygnotos of Thasos, after whom he probably designated himself. He was the leading vase painter of the Group of Polygnotos which carries his name.
He painted particularly large containers such as stamnoi, kraters, hydria and shoulder amphorae, as well as Nolan amphorae and pelike.
Beside this famous vase painter two further vase painters have the name Polygnotos. They have become known in the scholarly literature as the Lewis Painter and the Nausikaa Painter. | Category:5th-century BC deaths
Category:Ancient Greek vase painters
Category:Ancient Athenians
Category:Year of birth unknown | [] | [
"Further reading"
] | [
"5th-century BC deaths",
"Ancient Greek vase painters",
"Ancient Athenians",
"Year of birth unknown"
] |
projected-56565335-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319%20C.D.%20Primeiro%20de%20Agosto%20season | 2018–19 C.D. Primeiro de Agosto season | Introduction | The 2018–19 season of Clube Desportivo Primeiro de Agosto is the club's 41st season in the Girabola, the Angolan Premier football League and 41st consecutive season in the top flight of Angolan football. In 2019, the club is participating in the Girabola, the Angola Cup and the 2018–19 CAF Champions League. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"C.D. Primeiro de Agosto seasons",
"Angolan football clubs 2018–19 season"
] | |
projected-56565335-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319%20C.D.%20Primeiro%20de%20Agosto%20season | 2018–19 C.D. Primeiro de Agosto season | FAF Penalty | The 2018–19 season of Clube Desportivo Primeiro de Agosto is the club's 41st season in the Girabola, the Angolan Premier football League and 41st consecutive season in the top flight of Angolan football. In 2019, the club is participating in the Girabola, the Angola Cup and the 2018–19 CAF Champions League. | As a result of a match-fixing investigation launched by the Angolan Football Federation (FAF) on the 17th round match between Desportivo da Huila and 1º de Agosto, each team forfeited 3 points and a $5,000 fine. | [] | [
"FAF Penalty"
] | [
"C.D. Primeiro de Agosto seasons",
"Angolan football clubs 2018–19 season"
] |
projected-56565335-024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319%20C.D.%20Primeiro%20de%20Agosto%20season | 2018–19 C.D. Primeiro de Agosto season | Appearances and goals | The 2018–19 season of Clube Desportivo Primeiro de Agosto is the club's 41st season in the Girabola, the Angolan Premier football League and 41st consecutive season in the top flight of Angolan football. In 2019, the club is participating in the Girabola, the Angola Cup and the 2018–19 CAF Champions League. | | Opponents | [] | [
"Statistics",
"Appearances and goals"
] | [
"C.D. Primeiro de Agosto seasons",
"Angolan football clubs 2018–19 season"
] |
projected-56565335-029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319%20C.D.%20Primeiro%20de%20Agosto%20season | 2018–19 C.D. Primeiro de Agosto season | See also | The 2018–19 season of Clube Desportivo Primeiro de Agosto is the club's 41st season in the Girabola, the Angolan Premier football League and 41st consecutive season in the top flight of Angolan football. In 2019, the club is participating in the Girabola, the Angola Cup and the 2018–19 CAF Champions League. | List of C.D. Primeiro de Agosto players | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"C.D. Primeiro de Agosto seasons",
"Angolan football clubs 2018–19 season"
] |
projected-56565335-031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319%20C.D.%20Primeiro%20de%20Agosto%20season | 2018–19 C.D. Primeiro de Agosto season | References | The 2018–19 season of Clube Desportivo Primeiro de Agosto is the club's 41st season in the Girabola, the Angolan Premier football League and 41st consecutive season in the top flight of Angolan football. In 2019, the club is participating in the Girabola, the Angola Cup and the 2018–19 CAF Champions League. | Category:C.D. Primeiro de Agosto seasons
Primeiro de Agosto | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"C.D. Primeiro de Agosto seasons",
"Angolan football clubs 2018–19 season"
] |
projected-06900715-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%20Fulton%2C%20Indiana | Port Fulton, Indiana | Introduction | Port Fulton was a town located two miles up the river from Louisville, within present-day Jeffersonville, Indiana. At its height it stretched from the Ohio River to modern-day 10th Street, and from Crestview to Jefferson/Main Streets.
Port Fulton was laid out in 1835 by Victor Neff, and named for Robert Fulton, the inventor of steamboats. Its original boundaries were present day Jackson Street (east), Division Street (west), and between Court and Charlestown Streets to the north. It became a magnet for those in the maritime business. Henry French, a steamboat builder, already had a home there. The Howard Family resided there. The shipyards of both French and Howard became Jeffboat.
In April 1853 the city of Jeffersonville attempted to annex Port Fulton, only to be stymied by its residents.
The third-largest Civil War hospital, Jefferson General Hospital, was operated there, formed from the Brighton estate owned by Jesse Bright that was confiscated by Union authorities.
In 1880 the population was 907; in 1900, it was 1,104. However, Port Fulton's population declined to 971 in the 1920 census. This allowed Jeffersonville to finally annex Port Fulton in 1926. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Jeffersonville, Indiana",
"Geography of Clark County, Indiana",
"Former municipalities in Indiana",
"Populated places established in 1835",
"1835 establishments in Indiana",
"1926 disestablishments in Indiana"
] | |
projected-06900715-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%20Fulton%2C%20Indiana | Port Fulton, Indiana | References | Port Fulton was a town located two miles up the river from Louisville, within present-day Jeffersonville, Indiana. At its height it stretched from the Ohio River to modern-day 10th Street, and from Crestview to Jefferson/Main Streets.
Port Fulton was laid out in 1835 by Victor Neff, and named for Robert Fulton, the inventor of steamboats. Its original boundaries were present day Jackson Street (east), Division Street (west), and between Court and Charlestown Streets to the north. It became a magnet for those in the maritime business. Henry French, a steamboat builder, already had a home there. The Howard Family resided there. The shipyards of both French and Howard became Jeffboat.
In April 1853 the city of Jeffersonville attempted to annex Port Fulton, only to be stymied by its residents.
The third-largest Civil War hospital, Jefferson General Hospital, was operated there, formed from the Brighton estate owned by Jesse Bright that was confiscated by Union authorities.
In 1880 the population was 907; in 1900, it was 1,104. However, Port Fulton's population declined to 971 in the 1920 census. This allowed Jeffersonville to finally annex Port Fulton in 1926. | Category:Jeffersonville, Indiana
Category:Geography of Clark County, Indiana
Category:Former municipalities in Indiana
Category:Populated places established in 1835
Category:1835 establishments in Indiana
Category:1926 disestablishments in Indiana | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Jeffersonville, Indiana",
"Geography of Clark County, Indiana",
"Former municipalities in Indiana",
"Populated places established in 1835",
"1835 establishments in Indiana",
"1926 disestablishments in Indiana"
] |
projected-06900716-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trochlea | Trochlea | Introduction | Trochlea (Latin for pulley) is a term in anatomy. It refers to a grooved structure reminiscent of a pulley's wheel. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-06900716-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trochlea | Trochlea | Related to joints | Trochlea (Latin for pulley) is a term in anatomy. It refers to a grooved structure reminiscent of a pulley's wheel. | Most commonly, trochleae bear the articular surface of saddle and other joints:
Trochlea of humerus (part of the elbow hinge joint with the ulna)
Trochlea of femur (forming the knee hinge joint with the patella)
The trochlea tali in the superior surface of the body of talus (part of the ankle hinge joint with the tibia)
Trochlear process of the calcaneus
In quadrupeds, the trochlea of Radius (bone)
The "knuckles" of the tarsometatarsus which articulate with the proximal phalanges in a bird's foot | [] | [
"Related to joints"
] | [] |
projected-06900716-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trochlea | Trochlea | Related to muscles | Trochlea (Latin for pulley) is a term in anatomy. It refers to a grooved structure reminiscent of a pulley's wheel. | It also can refer to structures which serve as a guide for muscles:
Trochlea of superior oblique (see also superior oblique muscle), a mover of the eye which is supplied by the trochlear nerve, or fourth cranial nerve | [] | [
"Related to muscles"
] | [] |
projected-20465921-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickness%20behavior | Sickness behavior | Introduction | Sickness behavior is a coordinated set of adaptive behavioral changes that develop in ill individuals during the course of an infection.
They usually, but not always, accompany fever and aid survival.
Such illness responses include lethargy, depression, anxiety, malaise, loss of appetite, sleepiness, hyperalgesia, reduction in grooming and failure to concentrate.
Sickness behavior is a motivational state that reorganizes the organism's priorities to cope with infectious pathogens.
It has been suggested as relevant to understanding depression, and some aspects of the suffering that occurs in cancer. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Symptoms",
"Evolutionary biology",
"Cytokines"
] | |
projected-20465921-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickness%20behavior | Sickness behavior | History | Sickness behavior is a coordinated set of adaptive behavioral changes that develop in ill individuals during the course of an infection.
They usually, but not always, accompany fever and aid survival.
Such illness responses include lethargy, depression, anxiety, malaise, loss of appetite, sleepiness, hyperalgesia, reduction in grooming and failure to concentrate.
Sickness behavior is a motivational state that reorganizes the organism's priorities to cope with infectious pathogens.
It has been suggested as relevant to understanding depression, and some aspects of the suffering that occurs in cancer. | Sick animals have long been recognized by farmers as having different behavior. Initially it was thought that this was due to physical weakness that resulted from diverting energy to the body processes needed to fight infection. However, in the 1960s, it was shown that animals produced a blood-carried factor X that acted upon the brain to cause sickness behavior. In 1987, Benjamin L. Hart brought together a variety of research findings that argued for them being survival adaptations that if prevented would disadvantage an animal's ability to fight infection. In the 1980s, the blood-borne factor was shown to be proinflammatory cytokines produced by activated leukocytes in the immune system in response to lipopolysaccharides (a cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria). These cytokines acted by various humoral and nerve routes upon the hypothalamus and other areas of the brain. Further research showed that the brain can also learn to control the various components of sickness behavior independently of immune activation..
In 2015, Shakhar and Shakhar suggested instead that sickness behavior developed primarily because it protected the kin of infected animals from transmissible diseases. According to this theory, termed the Eyam hypothesis, after the English Parish of Eyam, sickness behavior protects the social group of infected individuals by limiting their direct contacts, preventing them from contaminating the environment, and broadcasting their health status. Kin selection would help promote such behaviors through evolution. In a highly prosocial species like humans, however, sickness behavior may act as a signal to motivate others to help and care for the sick individual. | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Symptoms",
"Evolutionary biology",
"Cytokines"
] |
projected-20465921-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickness%20behavior | Sickness behavior | General advantage | Sickness behavior is a coordinated set of adaptive behavioral changes that develop in ill individuals during the course of an infection.
They usually, but not always, accompany fever and aid survival.
Such illness responses include lethargy, depression, anxiety, malaise, loss of appetite, sleepiness, hyperalgesia, reduction in grooming and failure to concentrate.
Sickness behavior is a motivational state that reorganizes the organism's priorities to cope with infectious pathogens.
It has been suggested as relevant to understanding depression, and some aspects of the suffering that occurs in cancer. | Sickness behavior in its different aspects causes an animal to limit its movement; the metabolic energy not expended in activity is diverted to the fever responses, which involves raising body temperature. This also limits an animal's exposure to predators while it is cognitively and physically impaired. | [] | [
"Advantages",
"General advantage"
] | [
"Symptoms",
"Evolutionary biology",
"Cytokines"
] |
projected-20465921-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickness%20behavior | Sickness behavior | Specific advantages | Sickness behavior is a coordinated set of adaptive behavioral changes that develop in ill individuals during the course of an infection.
They usually, but not always, accompany fever and aid survival.
Such illness responses include lethargy, depression, anxiety, malaise, loss of appetite, sleepiness, hyperalgesia, reduction in grooming and failure to concentrate.
Sickness behavior is a motivational state that reorganizes the organism's priorities to cope with infectious pathogens.
It has been suggested as relevant to understanding depression, and some aspects of the suffering that occurs in cancer. | The individual components of sickness behavior have specific individual advantages. Anorexia limits food ingestion and therefore reduces the availability of iron in the gut (and from gut absorption). Iron may aid bacterial reproduction, so its reduction is useful during sickness. Plasma concentrations of iron are lowered for this anti-bacterial reason in fever. Lowered threshold for pain ensures that an animal is attentive that it does not place pressure on injured and inflamed tissues that might disrupt their healing. Reduced grooming is adaptive since it reduces water loss. | [] | [
"Advantages",
"Specific advantages"
] | [
"Symptoms",
"Evolutionary biology",
"Cytokines"
] |
projected-20465921-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickness%20behavior | Sickness behavior | Inclusive fitness advantages | Sickness behavior is a coordinated set of adaptive behavioral changes that develop in ill individuals during the course of an infection.
They usually, but not always, accompany fever and aid survival.
Such illness responses include lethargy, depression, anxiety, malaise, loss of appetite, sleepiness, hyperalgesia, reduction in grooming and failure to concentrate.
Sickness behavior is a motivational state that reorganizes the organism's priorities to cope with infectious pathogens.
It has been suggested as relevant to understanding depression, and some aspects of the suffering that occurs in cancer. | According to the 'Eyam hypothesis', sickness behavior, by promoting immobility and social disinterest, limits the direct contacts of individuals with their relatives. By reducing eating and drinking, it limits diarrhea and defecation, reducing environmental contamination. By reducing self-grooming and changing stance, gait and vocalization, it also signals poor health to kin. All in all, sickness behavior reduces the rate of further infection, a trait that is likely propagated by kin selection. | [] | [
"Advantages",
"Inclusive fitness advantages"
] | [
"Symptoms",
"Evolutionary biology",
"Cytokines"
] |
projected-20465921-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickness%20behavior | Sickness behavior | Social advantage | Sickness behavior is a coordinated set of adaptive behavioral changes that develop in ill individuals during the course of an infection.
They usually, but not always, accompany fever and aid survival.
Such illness responses include lethargy, depression, anxiety, malaise, loss of appetite, sleepiness, hyperalgesia, reduction in grooming and failure to concentrate.
Sickness behavior is a motivational state that reorganizes the organism's priorities to cope with infectious pathogens.
It has been suggested as relevant to understanding depression, and some aspects of the suffering that occurs in cancer. | Humans helped each other in case of sickness or injury throughout their hunter-gatherer past and afterwards. Convincing others of being badly in need of relief, assistance, and care heightened the chance of survival of the sick individual. High direct costs, such as energy spent on fever and potential harm caused by high body temperatures, and high opportunity costs, as caused by inactivity, social disinterest, and lack of appetite, make sickness behavior a highly costly and therefore credible signal of need. | [] | [
"Advantages",
"Social advantage"
] | [
"Symptoms",
"Evolutionary biology",
"Cytokines"
] |
projected-20465921-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickness%20behavior | Sickness behavior | Immune control | Sickness behavior is a coordinated set of adaptive behavioral changes that develop in ill individuals during the course of an infection.
They usually, but not always, accompany fever and aid survival.
Such illness responses include lethargy, depression, anxiety, malaise, loss of appetite, sleepiness, hyperalgesia, reduction in grooming and failure to concentrate.
Sickness behavior is a motivational state that reorganizes the organism's priorities to cope with infectious pathogens.
It has been suggested as relevant to understanding depression, and some aspects of the suffering that occurs in cancer. | Lipopolysaccharides trigger the immune system to produce proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). These peripherally released cytokines act on the brain via a fast transmission pathway involving primary input through the vagus nerves, and a slow transmission pathway involving cytokines originating from the choroid plexus and circumventricular organs and diffusing into the brain parenchyma by volume transmission. Peripheral cytokines are capable of entering the brain directly but are large lipophilic polypeptide proteins that generally do not easily passively diffuse across the blood-brain barrier. They may also induce the expression of other cytokines in the brain that cause sickness behavior. Acute psychosocial stress enhances the ability of an immune response to trigger both inflammation and behavioral sickness. | [] | [
"Immune control"
] | [
"Symptoms",
"Evolutionary biology",
"Cytokines"
] |
projected-20465921-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickness%20behavior | Sickness behavior | Behavioral conditioning | Sickness behavior is a coordinated set of adaptive behavioral changes that develop in ill individuals during the course of an infection.
They usually, but not always, accompany fever and aid survival.
Such illness responses include lethargy, depression, anxiety, malaise, loss of appetite, sleepiness, hyperalgesia, reduction in grooming and failure to concentrate.
Sickness behavior is a motivational state that reorganizes the organism's priorities to cope with infectious pathogens.
It has been suggested as relevant to understanding depression, and some aspects of the suffering that occurs in cancer. | The components of sickness behavior can be learned by conditional association. For example, if a saccharin solution is given with a chemical that triggers a particular aspect of sickness behavior, on later occasions the saccharin solution will trigger it by itself. | [] | [
"Behavioral conditioning"
] | [
"Symptoms",
"Evolutionary biology",
"Cytokines"
] |