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projected-20465921-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickness%20behavior | Sickness behavior | Depression | Sickness behavior is a coordinated set of adaptive behavioral changes that develop in ill individuals during the course of an infection.
They usually, but not always, accompany fever and aid survival.
Such illness responses include lethargy, depression, anxiety, malaise, loss of appetite, sleepiness, hyperalgesia, reduction in grooming and failure to concentrate.
Sickness behavior is a motivational state that reorganizes the organism's priorities to cope with infectious pathogens.
It has been suggested as relevant to understanding depression, and some aspects of the suffering that occurs in cancer. | It has been proposed that major depressive disorder is nearly identical with sickness behavior, raising the possibility that it is a maladaptive manifestation of sickness behavior due to abnormalities in circulating cytokines. Moreover, chronic, but not acute, treatment with antidepressant drugs was found to attenuate sickness behavior symptoms in rodents. The mood effects caused by interleukin-6 following an immune response have been linked to increased activity within the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, an area involved in the etiology of depression. Inflammation-associated mood change can also produce a reduction in the functional connectivity of this part of the brain to the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and superior temporal sulcus. | [] | [
"Medical conditions",
"Depression"
] | [
"Symptoms",
"Evolutionary biology",
"Cytokines"
] |
projected-20465921-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickness%20behavior | Sickness behavior | Cancer side effect | Sickness behavior is a coordinated set of adaptive behavioral changes that develop in ill individuals during the course of an infection.
They usually, but not always, accompany fever and aid survival.
Such illness responses include lethargy, depression, anxiety, malaise, loss of appetite, sleepiness, hyperalgesia, reduction in grooming and failure to concentrate.
Sickness behavior is a motivational state that reorganizes the organism's priorities to cope with infectious pathogens.
It has been suggested as relevant to understanding depression, and some aspects of the suffering that occurs in cancer. | In cancer, both the disease and the chemotherapy treatment can cause proinflammatory cytokine release which can cause sickness behavior as a side effect. | [] | [
"Medical conditions",
"Cancer side effect"
] | [
"Symptoms",
"Evolutionary biology",
"Cytokines"
] |
projected-20465921-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickness%20behavior | Sickness behavior | See also | Sickness behavior is a coordinated set of adaptive behavioral changes that develop in ill individuals during the course of an infection.
They usually, but not always, accompany fever and aid survival.
Such illness responses include lethargy, depression, anxiety, malaise, loss of appetite, sleepiness, hyperalgesia, reduction in grooming and failure to concentrate.
Sickness behavior is a motivational state that reorganizes the organism's priorities to cope with infectious pathogens.
It has been suggested as relevant to understanding depression, and some aspects of the suffering that occurs in cancer. | Evolutionary medicine
Proinflammatory cytokines | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Symptoms",
"Evolutionary biology",
"Cytokines"
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projected-20465921-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickness%20behavior | Sickness behavior | References | Sickness behavior is a coordinated set of adaptive behavioral changes that develop in ill individuals during the course of an infection.
They usually, but not always, accompany fever and aid survival.
Such illness responses include lethargy, depression, anxiety, malaise, loss of appetite, sleepiness, hyperalgesia, reduction in grooming and failure to concentrate.
Sickness behavior is a motivational state that reorganizes the organism's priorities to cope with infectious pathogens.
It has been suggested as relevant to understanding depression, and some aspects of the suffering that occurs in cancer. | Category:Symptoms
Category:Evolutionary biology
Category:Cytokines | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Symptoms",
"Evolutionary biology",
"Cytokines"
] |
projected-23573909-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Istanbul%20bombings | 2003 Istanbul bombings | Introduction | The 2003 Istanbul bombings were a series of suicide attacks carried out with trucks fitted with bombs detonated at four different locations in Istanbul, Turkey on November 15 and 20, 2003.
On November 15, two truck bombs were detonated, one in front of the Bet Israel Synagogue in Şişli at around 9:30 a.m. local time (UTC+2.00) and another in front of the Neve Shalom Synagogue in Beyoğlu at around 9:34 a.m. As a result of these bombings, 28 people died, included the attackers, and more than 300 people were wounded. Five days after the first attacks, on November 20, two different attacks were perpetrated against the British Consulate General at around 10:55 a.m. and the HSBC General Headquarters in Beşiktaş at around 11:00 a.m., again using truck bombs. In the second round of attacks, 31 people lost their lives and more than 450 were injured. In total, 59 people died, including the four suicide bombers, and more than 750 were wounded in the bombings.
Investigations launched in the wake of the attacks determined that Al Qaeda had orchestrated the bombings. The criminal case that began with 69 defendants and, with additions, included 76 defendants in February 2004 regarding the attacks concluded in April 2007 with the sentencing of 49 defendants, of whom seven were sentenced to life in prison, to various periods of incarceration. Some of the figures allegedly from the upper echelons of the militant organization fled to Iraq after the attacks and died there, while a portion were captured by security forces. After a retrial held because the Court of Cassation reversed some of the verdicts delivered in the initial trial, 16 defendants were not sentenced to prison. | [] | [
"Introduction"
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"Suicide bombings in 2003",
"Mass murder in 2003",
"2003 crimes in Turkey",
"Terrorist incidents in Turkey in 2003",
"Terrorist incidents in Istanbul",
"Jewish Turkish history",
"Antisemitism in Turkey",
"21st-century attacks on synagogues and Jewish communal organizations",
"2000s in Istanbul",
"... | |
projected-23573909-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Istanbul%20bombings | 2003 Istanbul bombings | First bombings and aftermath | The 2003 Istanbul bombings were a series of suicide attacks carried out with trucks fitted with bombs detonated at four different locations in Istanbul, Turkey on November 15 and 20, 2003.
On November 15, two truck bombs were detonated, one in front of the Bet Israel Synagogue in Şişli at around 9:30 a.m. local time (UTC+2.00) and another in front of the Neve Shalom Synagogue in Beyoğlu at around 9:34 a.m. As a result of these bombings, 28 people died, included the attackers, and more than 300 people were wounded. Five days after the first attacks, on November 20, two different attacks were perpetrated against the British Consulate General at around 10:55 a.m. and the HSBC General Headquarters in Beşiktaş at around 11:00 a.m., again using truck bombs. In the second round of attacks, 31 people lost their lives and more than 450 were injured. In total, 59 people died, including the four suicide bombers, and more than 750 were wounded in the bombings.
Investigations launched in the wake of the attacks determined that Al Qaeda had orchestrated the bombings. The criminal case that began with 69 defendants and, with additions, included 76 defendants in February 2004 regarding the attacks concluded in April 2007 with the sentencing of 49 defendants, of whom seven were sentenced to life in prison, to various periods of incarceration. Some of the figures allegedly from the upper echelons of the militant organization fled to Iraq after the attacks and died there, while a portion were captured by security forces. After a retrial held because the Court of Cassation reversed some of the verdicts delivered in the initial trial, 16 defendants were not sentenced to prison. | The first attacks were carried out on November 15, 2003 against two synagogues in Istanbul, Turkey. At approximately 9:30 a.m. local time (UTC+2.00), a bomb-laden truck that had parked in front of the Bet Israel Synagogue on Nakiye Elgün Street in Şişli was detonated. Many of the worshippers praying at the synagogue that Saturday, a day considered sacred by Jews, and those near the temple lost their lives, and the area surrounding the synagogue was badly damaged.
Approximately four minutes after the first explosion, at around 9:34 a.m., a second attack occurred with the detonation of another bomb-laden truck passing by the Neve Shalom Synagogue on Büyük Hendek Avenue in Beyoğlu. Prayers were being held in three separate rooms of the synagogue, and a child's bar mitzvah ceremony was being held with 400 people in attendance. Because the walls of the synagogue had been fortified after previous attacks, the internal walls of the structure were not badly damaged, but the external wall and surrounding shops and buildings were damaged, and passers-by were killed by the blast. A hole approximately three meters wide and two meters deep appeared at the spot where the bomb exploded.
Teams from the Istanbul Metropolitan Fire Department, Health Department, Directorate of Road Maintenance, and Directorate of Cemeteries; the Istanbul Gas Distribution and Trade; and the Istanbul Water and Sewage Administration arrived at the scenes of both attacks. Search-and-rescue teams dug survivors out from beneath the debris resulting from the explosions and sent them to nearby health institutions. A team from ZAKA coming from Israel that comprised seven people who were experts in search-and-rescue and identification participated in the work after the explosions.
An Islamic militant group, IBDA-C, claimed responsibility for the blasts, but it was later determined that the attacks had been carried out by Al Qaeda. | [] | [
"First bombings and aftermath"
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"Jewish Turkish history",
"Antisemitism in Turkey",
"21st-century attacks on synagogues and Jewish communal organizations",
"2000s in Istanbul",
"... |
projected-23573909-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Istanbul%20bombings | 2003 Istanbul bombings | Second bombings and aftermath | The 2003 Istanbul bombings were a series of suicide attacks carried out with trucks fitted with bombs detonated at four different locations in Istanbul, Turkey on November 15 and 20, 2003.
On November 15, two truck bombs were detonated, one in front of the Bet Israel Synagogue in Şişli at around 9:30 a.m. local time (UTC+2.00) and another in front of the Neve Shalom Synagogue in Beyoğlu at around 9:34 a.m. As a result of these bombings, 28 people died, included the attackers, and more than 300 people were wounded. Five days after the first attacks, on November 20, two different attacks were perpetrated against the British Consulate General at around 10:55 a.m. and the HSBC General Headquarters in Beşiktaş at around 11:00 a.m., again using truck bombs. In the second round of attacks, 31 people lost their lives and more than 450 were injured. In total, 59 people died, including the four suicide bombers, and more than 750 were wounded in the bombings.
Investigations launched in the wake of the attacks determined that Al Qaeda had orchestrated the bombings. The criminal case that began with 69 defendants and, with additions, included 76 defendants in February 2004 regarding the attacks concluded in April 2007 with the sentencing of 49 defendants, of whom seven were sentenced to life in prison, to various periods of incarceration. Some of the figures allegedly from the upper echelons of the militant organization fled to Iraq after the attacks and died there, while a portion were captured by security forces. After a retrial held because the Court of Cassation reversed some of the verdicts delivered in the initial trial, 16 defendants were not sentenced to prison. | Five days later, on November 20, as US President George W. Bush was in the United Kingdom meeting with Prime Minister Tony Blair, two more truck bombs exploded. The first attack occurred at around 10:55 a.m. (UTC+2.00) with the detonation of a bomb, comprising 700 kilograms of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and compressed fuel oil, in a truck that had parked in front of the HSBC Bank AS building on Büyükdere Avenue in the Levent neighborhood of Beşiktaş. There were fatalities and injuries inside and near the building, and after the explosion, the first six aboveground stories of the building became unusable and the front side of the building was badly damaged. Inside the building, an elevator that had been in motion at the time of the bombing collapsed. Body parts were flung from the site of the explosion, some even being found as far as 400 meters away at a petrol station.
Approximately five minutes later, at around 11:00 a.m., another bomb-laden truck drove through security and detonated in front of the British Consulate on Meşrutiyet Avenue in Istanbul's Beyoğlu district. Deaths and injuries were immediately reported from the explosion, and the outer wall of the consulate's front garden collapsed onto cars driving by in the street, and a fire burned in the garden itself. Buildings nearby the consulate, including the entrance to the Çiçek Passage market, and cars on the street were also badly damaged.
After the attack perpetrated against the HSBC building, police cordoned off the area and began collecting evidence. Electrical and gas lines were shut off, and metro services were stopped. The wounded and other personnel were evacuated from the rear entrance of the building. The fire department, civil defense, provincial health directorate, police, and consulate officials dispatched to the area began search-and-rescue operations. Police also cordoned off the area surrounding the consulate. Within a day, Interior Minister Abdülkadir Aksu, Istanbul Governor Muammer Güler, and Istanbul Provincial Security Director Celalettin Cerrah participated in the investigations. Shortly after the two attacks, a warning of an additional bombing at the Galleria Shopping Center in Bakırköy began to spread; the Akmerkez, Galleria, and Carousel shopping centers were evacuated, although the warnings ended up being baseless.
The bombers appeared to have waited for the traffic lights in front of the HSBC headquarters on the Büyükdere Avenue in Levent to turn red to maximize the effects. Police say that the bombers may have timed the attacks to coincide with Bush's visit to the UK. | [] | [
"Second bombings and aftermath"
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projected-23573909-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Istanbul%20bombings | 2003 Istanbul bombings | First attacks | The 2003 Istanbul bombings were a series of suicide attacks carried out with trucks fitted with bombs detonated at four different locations in Istanbul, Turkey on November 15 and 20, 2003.
On November 15, two truck bombs were detonated, one in front of the Bet Israel Synagogue in Şişli at around 9:30 a.m. local time (UTC+2.00) and another in front of the Neve Shalom Synagogue in Beyoğlu at around 9:34 a.m. As a result of these bombings, 28 people died, included the attackers, and more than 300 people were wounded. Five days after the first attacks, on November 20, two different attacks were perpetrated against the British Consulate General at around 10:55 a.m. and the HSBC General Headquarters in Beşiktaş at around 11:00 a.m., again using truck bombs. In the second round of attacks, 31 people lost their lives and more than 450 were injured. In total, 59 people died, including the four suicide bombers, and more than 750 were wounded in the bombings.
Investigations launched in the wake of the attacks determined that Al Qaeda had orchestrated the bombings. The criminal case that began with 69 defendants and, with additions, included 76 defendants in February 2004 regarding the attacks concluded in April 2007 with the sentencing of 49 defendants, of whom seven were sentenced to life in prison, to various periods of incarceration. Some of the figures allegedly from the upper echelons of the militant organization fled to Iraq after the attacks and died there, while a portion were captured by security forces. After a retrial held because the Court of Cassation reversed some of the verdicts delivered in the initial trial, 16 defendants were not sentenced to prison. | On the day the attacks were carried out, the Istanbul Provincial Health Directorate issued a statement at 4:00 p.m. that 20 people had died and 257 were injured in the bombings. A few hours later, Health Minister Recep Akdağ announced that the number of deaths was 20 and that 302 people had referred to various hospitals because of the bomb attacks. Interior Minister Abdülkadir Aksu, however, stated that the identified number of injured people was 277. Later the evening of the attack, a statement issued by the Istanbul Security Directorate increased the number of casualties to 23, it shortly thereafter brought the number back down to 20. The following day, Istanbul Provincial Health Director Erman Tuncer reported, again, that 23 people had died and that about 71 people, of whom four were in critical condition, continued to received medical attention at various hospitals. The number of casualties rose to 24 on November 17 when the body of a woman was found at the scene of the bombing and later to 25 when a victim receiving treatment at a hospital succumbed to their injuries. In a statement he made on November 19, Istanbul Governor Muammer Güler announced that 25 people had died and approximately 300 people were injured as a result of the attacks. On November 28, Istanbul Deputy Security Director Halil Yılmaz reported, in a press release riddled with inaccuracies, that 23 people had died from the first bombings but later corrected the mistakes in a statement to the press and changed the number of casualties to 27. This number rose to 28 on February 9, 2004 when Celal Dilsiz, a patient who had been receiving care in a hospital for almost three months, died from his injuries.
The funeral ceremonies for six Jews who died in the attacks—Yoel Ülçer Kohen, Berta Özdoğan, Yona Romano, Annette Rubinstein, Anna Rubinstein, and Avram Varol—were held at the Ulus Ashkenazi Jewish Cemetery. The six people were laid to rest in the front section of the mausoleum where 23 people killed in the 1986 attack on the Neve Shalom Synagogue were buried. | [] | [
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"2000s in Istanbul",
"... |
projected-23573909-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Istanbul%20bombings | 2003 Istanbul bombings | Second attacks | The 2003 Istanbul bombings were a series of suicide attacks carried out with trucks fitted with bombs detonated at four different locations in Istanbul, Turkey on November 15 and 20, 2003.
On November 15, two truck bombs were detonated, one in front of the Bet Israel Synagogue in Şişli at around 9:30 a.m. local time (UTC+2.00) and another in front of the Neve Shalom Synagogue in Beyoğlu at around 9:34 a.m. As a result of these bombings, 28 people died, included the attackers, and more than 300 people were wounded. Five days after the first attacks, on November 20, two different attacks were perpetrated against the British Consulate General at around 10:55 a.m. and the HSBC General Headquarters in Beşiktaş at around 11:00 a.m., again using truck bombs. In the second round of attacks, 31 people lost their lives and more than 450 were injured. In total, 59 people died, including the four suicide bombers, and more than 750 were wounded in the bombings.
Investigations launched in the wake of the attacks determined that Al Qaeda had orchestrated the bombings. The criminal case that began with 69 defendants and, with additions, included 76 defendants in February 2004 regarding the attacks concluded in April 2007 with the sentencing of 49 defendants, of whom seven were sentenced to life in prison, to various periods of incarceration. Some of the figures allegedly from the upper echelons of the militant organization fled to Iraq after the attacks and died there, while a portion were captured by security forces. After a retrial held because the Court of Cassation reversed some of the verdicts delivered in the initial trial, 16 defendants were not sentenced to prison. | A statement issued by the Office of the Istanbul Governor Public Order Operations Center on the day of the second attacks reported that 27 people had died—11 in the attack in front of the HSBC General Directorate and 16 at the British Consulate—and more than 450 people were injured in the bombings. According to a written statement on November 24 from the Istanbul Provincial Health Directorate, 432 people had been treated and discharged from the hospital and 30 people, of whom six were in intensive care, were still receiving treatment. On November 28, Istanbul Deputy Security Director Halil Yılmaz reported that 28 people had died in the second attacks, shortly thereafter later raising this figure to 30. Two months later, on January 13, 2004, the number of casualties in the second two attacks rose to 31, when Sefer Gündoğdu, a 35-year-old father of three, passed away at around 5:00 p.m. at Şişli Etfal Hospital after undergoing a series of surgeries.
Famous Turkish actor and singer Kerem Yılmazer died in the HSBC bombing as he was going to the NTV building, where worked as a voice actor on the Life Style program at the TV channel. Yılmazer's wife Göksel Kortay, the famous Turkish actress, was on a live program on TV8 when the news of the bombings broke. The 58-year-old British consul general and career diplomat Roger Short also perished in the attack. | [] | [
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"2000s in Istanbul",
"... |
projected-23573909-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Istanbul%20bombings | 2003 Istanbul bombings | Damage | The 2003 Istanbul bombings were a series of suicide attacks carried out with trucks fitted with bombs detonated at four different locations in Istanbul, Turkey on November 15 and 20, 2003.
On November 15, two truck bombs were detonated, one in front of the Bet Israel Synagogue in Şişli at around 9:30 a.m. local time (UTC+2.00) and another in front of the Neve Shalom Synagogue in Beyoğlu at around 9:34 a.m. As a result of these bombings, 28 people died, included the attackers, and more than 300 people were wounded. Five days after the first attacks, on November 20, two different attacks were perpetrated against the British Consulate General at around 10:55 a.m. and the HSBC General Headquarters in Beşiktaş at around 11:00 a.m., again using truck bombs. In the second round of attacks, 31 people lost their lives and more than 450 were injured. In total, 59 people died, including the four suicide bombers, and more than 750 were wounded in the bombings.
Investigations launched in the wake of the attacks determined that Al Qaeda had orchestrated the bombings. The criminal case that began with 69 defendants and, with additions, included 76 defendants in February 2004 regarding the attacks concluded in April 2007 with the sentencing of 49 defendants, of whom seven were sentenced to life in prison, to various periods of incarceration. Some of the figures allegedly from the upper echelons of the militant organization fled to Iraq after the attacks and died there, while a portion were captured by security forces. After a retrial held because the Court of Cassation reversed some of the verdicts delivered in the initial trial, 16 defendants were not sentenced to prison. | Istanbul Governor Muammer Güler, in a statement on November 19, announced that inspections of 58 buildings in Beyoğlu after the synagogue attacks revealed nine buildings that were severely damaged, three that were moderately damaged, and eight that were somewhat damaged, amounting to damages of TL 37 billion (equivalent to approximately US$25 million in November 2003). In Şişli, of the 52 buildings examined, none were severely damaged, seven were moderately damaged, and 12 were somewhat damaged, with damages totaling TL 33 billion (about US$22.5 million in November 2003). There was a total of TL 110 billion (approximately US$75 million in November 2003) in damages and 33 cars—15 in Beyoğlu and 18 in Şişli—were made unusable due to the first bombings.
A total of 113 buildings were damaged in the second round of attacks. Beyloğlu Municipal Mayor Kadir Topbaş announced that 38 buildings, of which 25 were considered historic, were damaged in Beyloğlu. Beşiktaş Municipal Mayor Yusuf Namoğlu reported that 75 buildings were damaged in Levent, including a historic school building in the nearby Zincirlikuyu quarter. | [] | [
"Damage"
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"21st-century attacks on synagogues and Jewish communal organizations",
"2000s in Istanbul",
"... |
projected-23573909-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Istanbul%20bombings | 2003 Istanbul bombings | Reactions | The 2003 Istanbul bombings were a series of suicide attacks carried out with trucks fitted with bombs detonated at four different locations in Istanbul, Turkey on November 15 and 20, 2003.
On November 15, two truck bombs were detonated, one in front of the Bet Israel Synagogue in Şişli at around 9:30 a.m. local time (UTC+2.00) and another in front of the Neve Shalom Synagogue in Beyoğlu at around 9:34 a.m. As a result of these bombings, 28 people died, included the attackers, and more than 300 people were wounded. Five days after the first attacks, on November 20, two different attacks were perpetrated against the British Consulate General at around 10:55 a.m. and the HSBC General Headquarters in Beşiktaş at around 11:00 a.m., again using truck bombs. In the second round of attacks, 31 people lost their lives and more than 450 were injured. In total, 59 people died, including the four suicide bombers, and more than 750 were wounded in the bombings.
Investigations launched in the wake of the attacks determined that Al Qaeda had orchestrated the bombings. The criminal case that began with 69 defendants and, with additions, included 76 defendants in February 2004 regarding the attacks concluded in April 2007 with the sentencing of 49 defendants, of whom seven were sentenced to life in prison, to various periods of incarceration. Some of the figures allegedly from the upper echelons of the militant organization fled to Iraq after the attacks and died there, while a portion were captured by security forces. After a retrial held because the Court of Cassation reversed some of the verdicts delivered in the initial trial, 16 defendants were not sentenced to prison. | Various nations condemned the attacks and offered their condolences, including the US and Germany. | [] | [
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"2003 crimes in Turkey",
"Terrorist incidents in Turkey in 2003",
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"21st-century attacks on synagogues and Jewish communal organizations",
"2000s in Istanbul",
"... |
projected-23573909-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Istanbul%20bombings | 2003 Istanbul bombings | Responsibility | The 2003 Istanbul bombings were a series of suicide attacks carried out with trucks fitted with bombs detonated at four different locations in Istanbul, Turkey on November 15 and 20, 2003.
On November 15, two truck bombs were detonated, one in front of the Bet Israel Synagogue in Şişli at around 9:30 a.m. local time (UTC+2.00) and another in front of the Neve Shalom Synagogue in Beyoğlu at around 9:34 a.m. As a result of these bombings, 28 people died, included the attackers, and more than 300 people were wounded. Five days after the first attacks, on November 20, two different attacks were perpetrated against the British Consulate General at around 10:55 a.m. and the HSBC General Headquarters in Beşiktaş at around 11:00 a.m., again using truck bombs. In the second round of attacks, 31 people lost their lives and more than 450 were injured. In total, 59 people died, including the four suicide bombers, and more than 750 were wounded in the bombings.
Investigations launched in the wake of the attacks determined that Al Qaeda had orchestrated the bombings. The criminal case that began with 69 defendants and, with additions, included 76 defendants in February 2004 regarding the attacks concluded in April 2007 with the sentencing of 49 defendants, of whom seven were sentenced to life in prison, to various periods of incarceration. Some of the figures allegedly from the upper echelons of the militant organization fled to Iraq after the attacks and died there, while a portion were captured by security forces. After a retrial held because the Court of Cassation reversed some of the verdicts delivered in the initial trial, 16 defendants were not sentenced to prison. | Initially, a militant Turkish Islamic group, the Great Eastern Islamic Raiders' Front took responsibility.
Turkey charged 74 people with involvement in the bombings, including Syrians Loai al-Saqa and Hamid Obysi, and a Turk, Harun Ilhan. Ilhan admitted that he and two other suspected ringleaders — Habib Akdaş and Gurcan Bac — were responsible; Ilhan referred to himself as ‘an al-Qaeda warrior'. Akdas fled to Iraq, where he was reportedly involved in a kidnapping, and was later killed by coalition forces in Fallujah. Bac's location remains undetermined. Other reporting indicates that Bac was suspected of preparing the bombs with Fevzi Yitiz, and that Akdas and Ibrahim Kus participated in a meeting with bin Laden in 2002. Al-Saqa had already been tried in absentia in Jordan for his part, along with al-Qaeda in Iraq leader Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, in the failed poison gas attack in 2002. On February 16, 2007, Al-Saqa and Ilhan were convicted and sentenced to 67 consecutive life sentences, one for every victim for the bombing plus additional terms for terrorism and conspiracy, as were five other Turkish men convicted of organising the bombing: Fevzi Yitiz (for helping to build the truck bombs) and Yusuf Polat, Baki Yigit, Osman Eken and Adnan Ersoz. Seyit Ertul was sentenced to 18 years' imprisonment for leading an al-Qaeda cell, and Obysi was sentenced to 12 years and 6 months for al-Qaeda membership, forgery and bomb-making. Of the other individuals who were charged, 29 were sentenced to 6 years and 3 months for aiding and abetting al-Qaeda, 10 were sentenced to 3 years and 9 months membership in al-Qaeda, and 26 were acquitted.
A Turkish intelligence official who was part of the investigation said: "They planned and carried out the attack independently after receiving the blessing of bin Laden."
However, in 2010, Turkish investigators accused three of the highest-ranking military leaders at the time of the bombing of orchestrating the attacks in the hopes of destabilising the government and prompting a military coup. Gen Çetin Dogan, head of the 1st Army and then deputy chief of the military staff, Gen Ibrahim Fırtına, ex-air force chief, and former naval commander Admiral Özden Örnek, along with 35 other ex-military personnel were arrested and questioned concerning their roles in Operation Sledgehammer, of which the bombings were reportedly a part. | [] | [
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"2000s in Istanbul",
"... |
projected-23573909-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Istanbul%20bombings | 2003 Istanbul bombings | See also | The 2003 Istanbul bombings were a series of suicide attacks carried out with trucks fitted with bombs detonated at four different locations in Istanbul, Turkey on November 15 and 20, 2003.
On November 15, two truck bombs were detonated, one in front of the Bet Israel Synagogue in Şişli at around 9:30 a.m. local time (UTC+2.00) and another in front of the Neve Shalom Synagogue in Beyoğlu at around 9:34 a.m. As a result of these bombings, 28 people died, included the attackers, and more than 300 people were wounded. Five days after the first attacks, on November 20, two different attacks were perpetrated against the British Consulate General at around 10:55 a.m. and the HSBC General Headquarters in Beşiktaş at around 11:00 a.m., again using truck bombs. In the second round of attacks, 31 people lost their lives and more than 450 were injured. In total, 59 people died, including the four suicide bombers, and more than 750 were wounded in the bombings.
Investigations launched in the wake of the attacks determined that Al Qaeda had orchestrated the bombings. The criminal case that began with 69 defendants and, with additions, included 76 defendants in February 2004 regarding the attacks concluded in April 2007 with the sentencing of 49 defendants, of whom seven were sentenced to life in prison, to various periods of incarceration. Some of the figures allegedly from the upper echelons of the militant organization fled to Iraq after the attacks and died there, while a portion were captured by security forces. After a retrial held because the Court of Cassation reversed some of the verdicts delivered in the initial trial, 16 defendants were not sentenced to prison. | 1999 Istanbul bombings
2008 Istanbul bombings
List of terrorist incidents, 2003 | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Suicide bombings in 2003",
"Mass murder in 2003",
"2003 crimes in Turkey",
"Terrorist incidents in Turkey in 2003",
"Terrorist incidents in Istanbul",
"Jewish Turkish history",
"Antisemitism in Turkey",
"21st-century attacks on synagogues and Jewish communal organizations",
"2000s in Istanbul",
"... |
projected-23573910-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%99ezovice | Březovice | Introduction | Březovice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants. The village of Víska with valuable examples of folk architecture is protected as a village monument reservation. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] | |
projected-23573910-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%99ezovice | Březovice | Administrative parts | Březovice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants. The village of Víska with valuable examples of folk architecture is protected as a village monument reservation. | The village of Víska is an administrative part of Lobodice. | [] | [
"Administrative parts"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-23573910-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%99ezovice | Březovice | References | Březovice is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants. The village of Víska with valuable examples of folk architecture is protected as a village monument reservation. | Category:Villages in Mladá Boleslav District | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-23573912-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukovno | Bukovno | Introduction | Bukovno is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] | |
projected-23573912-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukovno | Bukovno | Administrative parts | Bukovno is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants. | The village of Líny is an administrative part of Bukovno. | [] | [
"Administrative parts"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-23573912-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukovno | Bukovno | References | Bukovno is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants. | Category:Villages in Mladá Boleslav District | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Villages in Mladá Boleslav District"
] |
projected-56565374-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%20Davis%20Cup%20Europe%20Zone%20Group%20III | 2018 Davis Cup Europe Zone Group III | Introduction | The Europe Zone was the unique zone within Group 3 of the regional Davis Cup competition in 2018. The zone's competition was held in round robin format in two different locations, Plovdiv, Bulgaria and Ulcinj, Montenegro, from 3 to 7 April 2018. The two winning nations won promotion to Group II, Europe/Africa Zone, for 2019. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"2018 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone",
"Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone"
] | |
projected-56565374-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%20Davis%20Cup%20Europe%20Zone%20Group%20III | 2018 Davis Cup Europe Zone Group III | Draw | The Europe Zone was the unique zone within Group 3 of the regional Davis Cup competition in 2018. The zone's competition was held in round robin format in two different locations, Plovdiv, Bulgaria and Ulcinj, Montenegro, from 3 to 7 April 2018. The two winning nations won promotion to Group II, Europe/Africa Zone, for 2019. | Date: 3–7 April
Location 1: Tennis Club Lokomotiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria (clay) Location 2: Ulcinj Bellevue, Ulcinj, Montenegro (clay)
Format: Round-robin basis. Two pools of four teams at each venue. The winners of each pool play-off against each other to determine which nation will be promoted to Europe/Africa Zone Group II in 2019. Two promoted – one from each venue. | [] | [
"Draw"
] | [
"2018 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone",
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projected-56565374-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%20Davis%20Cup%20Europe%20Zone%20Group%20III | 2018 Davis Cup Europe Zone Group III | Seeding | The Europe Zone was the unique zone within Group 3 of the regional Davis Cup competition in 2018. The zone's competition was held in round robin format in two different locations, Plovdiv, Bulgaria and Ulcinj, Montenegro, from 3 to 7 April 2018. The two winning nations won promotion to Group II, Europe/Africa Zone, for 2019. | 1Davis Cup Rankings as of 5 February 2018 | [] | [
"Draw",
"Seeding"
] | [
"2018 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone",
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projected-56565374-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%20Davis%20Cup%20Europe%20Zone%20Group%20III | 2018 Davis Cup Europe Zone Group III | Pool B (Ulcinj) | The Europe Zone was the unique zone within Group 3 of the regional Davis Cup competition in 2018. The zone's competition was held in round robin format in two different locations, Plovdiv, Bulgaria and Ulcinj, Montenegro, from 3 to 7 April 2018. The two winning nations won promotion to Group II, Europe/Africa Zone, for 2019. | Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. number of matches; 3. in two-team ties, head-to-head records; 4. in three-team ties, (a) percentage of sets won (head-to-head records if two teams remain tied), then (b) percentage of games won (head-to-head records if two teams remain tied), then (c) Davis Cup rankings. | [] | [
"Draw",
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projected-56565374-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%20Davis%20Cup%20Europe%20Zone%20Group%20III | 2018 Davis Cup Europe Zone Group III | Playoffs | The Europe Zone was the unique zone within Group 3 of the regional Davis Cup competition in 2018. The zone's competition was held in round robin format in two different locations, Plovdiv, Bulgaria and Ulcinj, Montenegro, from 3 to 7 April 2018. The two winning nations won promotion to Group II, Europe/Africa Zone, for 2019. | and promoted to Group II in 2019. | [] | [
"Playoffs"
] | [
"2018 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone",
"Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone"
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projected-23573913-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teenage%20Cool%20Kids | Teenage Cool Kids | Introduction | Teenage Cool Kids were an American indie rock group from Denton, Texas. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Indie rock musical groups from Texas",
"Musical groups from Denton, Texas"
] | |
projected-23573913-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teenage%20Cool%20Kids | Teenage Cool Kids | History | Teenage Cool Kids were an American indie rock group from Denton, Texas. | Teenage Cool Kids was established in summer 2006 by Andrew Savage, later joined by Daniel Zeigler whom Savage met while attending the University of North Texas in Denton.
The band's earlier material, from the self-released demo and "Remember Me as a Silhouette" 7", was lo-fi, poppy and often compared to early '90s indie rock. The band's first full length was Queer Salutations, released in 2007. Shortly after the release of Queer Salutations, the band embarked on its first tour. The band adhere to a DIY methodology, keeping all recording, songwriting, booking and visual art within the band.
Teenage Cool Kids spent much of 2008 touring the United States and recording their next album. In 2009, the band was issued a cease and desist by Chicago hip-hop duo The Cool Kids over alleged trade mark infringement. The dispute ended with a settlement initiated by the Cool Kids. The dispute delayed the band's second LP release by several months, but in June 2009 Foreign Lands was released by Protagonist Music.
The group officially disbanded in 2011, shortly after the release of their final album, Denton After Sunset. Savage had previously formed Parquet Courts in 2010. | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Indie rock musical groups from Texas",
"Musical groups from Denton, Texas"
] |
projected-23573913-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teenage%20Cool%20Kids | Teenage Cool Kids | Albums | Teenage Cool Kids were an American indie rock group from Denton, Texas. | Queer Salutations, 2007, Protagonist
Foreign Lands, 2009, Protagonist
Denton After Sunset, 2011, Dull Tools | [] | [
"Discography",
"Albums"
] | [
"Indie rock musical groups from Texas",
"Musical groups from Denton, Texas"
] |
projected-23573913-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teenage%20Cool%20Kids | Teenage Cool Kids | Singles | Teenage Cool Kids were an American indie rock group from Denton, Texas. | Remember Me As a Silhouette, 2007, C&C Music Factory
Speaking in Tongues b/w Crucial Talk, 2009, Copper Lung
Poison Sermons, 2009, Leroy St. Records | [] | [
"Discography",
"Singles"
] | [
"Indie rock musical groups from Texas",
"Musical groups from Denton, Texas"
] |
projected-23573913-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teenage%20Cool%20Kids | Teenage Cool Kids | See also | Teenage Cool Kids were an American indie rock group from Denton, Texas. | Musicians from Denton, Texas
Parquet Courts | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Indie rock musical groups from Texas",
"Musical groups from Denton, Texas"
] |
projected-20465937-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Pape | Albert Pape | Introduction | Albert Arthur Pape (13 June 1897 – 18 November 1955) was an English footballer. His regular position was as a forward. Born in Elsecar, West Riding of Yorkshire, he played for several clubs in The Football League, including Notts County, Clapton Orient and Manchester United. | [] | [
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"Rhyl F.C. players",
"Ashton United ... | |
projected-20465937-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Pape | Albert Pape | Football career | Albert Arthur Pape (13 June 1897 – 18 November 1955) was an English footballer. His regular position was as a forward. Born in Elsecar, West Riding of Yorkshire, he played for several clubs in The Football League, including Notts County, Clapton Orient and Manchester United. | Born in Elsecar, then in the West Riding of Yorkshire, Pape began his football career with Wath Athletic, a club from the nearby town of Wath-upon-Dearne. Upon the outbreak of the First World War, Pape joined the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry and played for the regimental football team, returning to play for Bolton-on-Dearne at the cessation of hostilities. In December 1919, Pape was signed by Rotherham County, who had been elected to the Football League Second Division at the start of the season, and he made a goalscoring debut on 17 January 1920 in a 4–3 win over Coventry City. In four seasons with Rotherham County, Pape scored 41 goals in 113 league appearances, including a spell in the 1922–23 season in which he scored eight goals in five matches.
He signed for Notts County at the end of that season, but made just six appearances in 1923–24 before moving on to Clapton Orient. In eight months with Orient, he scored 11 goals in 24 league matches. In February 1925, Orient travelled to a match against a Manchester United side that had just sold its star striker, Bill Henderson, to Preston North End. United manager John Chapman had telephoned the Orient manager Peter Proudfoot before they left London, and the two clubs agreed a fee of £1,070 for Pape. They met up at Manchester Piccadilly station just after noon, and Pape – who was a friend of the United captain Frank Barson, and had relatives in nearby Bolton – quickly agreed terms. The details were wired to The Football Association and The Football League at around 1:30 p.m., and although Pape had been named in Orient's starting line-up for the match, he was confirmed as a Manchester United player with about an hour left before kick-off. Pape was not only allowed to start the match in the colours of Manchester United, but he also scored the team's third goal in a 4–2 win over his previous employers, as well as hitting the post with a header late in the game. He made 15 further appearances that season, and scored four more goals. He also made two appearances in 1925–26, but he was then sold to Fulham in October 1925. However, he was reluctant to return to London, and only signed with Fulham on the condition that he could continue to live in Bolton and train with Manchester United. Five months later, the two clubs met in the Sixth Round of the FA Cup, and although Pape scored, Manchester United won the match 2–1.
After two seasons with Fulham, in which he scored 12 goals in 42 appearances, Pape dropped out of League football to join North Wales coast side Rhyl Athletic, but he was there for less than six months before joining Hurst back in Manchester for the second half of the 1927–28 season. He scored at a rate of almost one goal a game, and even scored a hat-trick on his debut against Port Vale Reserves in the Cheshire County League. Towards the end of the season, the club suffered a goalkeeping injury crisis, and Pape was forced to play one match in goal. In September 1928, Pape was named as player-coach at Darwen, and was also made club captain. However, five months later, he was signed by Manchester Central, before returning to League football for the start of the 1929–30 season with Hartlepools United. He scored 21 goals in 37 appearances for Hartlepools United in the Football League Third Division North, and was signed by Halifax Town for one final season of League football in July 1930, scoring 15 goals in 25 appearances in 1930–31. He spent time with Burscough Rangers, Horwich RMI and Nelson before retiring from football. | [] | [
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"Manchester United F.C. players",
"Fulham F.C. players",
"Rhyl F.C. players",
"Ashton United ... |
projected-20465937-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Pape | Albert Pape | References | Albert Arthur Pape (13 June 1897 – 18 November 1955) was an English footballer. His regular position was as a forward. Born in Elsecar, West Riding of Yorkshire, he played for several clubs in The Football League, including Notts County, Clapton Orient and Manchester United. | General
Specific | [] | [
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"Ashton United ... |
projected-56565380-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.%20K.%20V.%20Desikachar | T. K. V. Desikachar | Introduction | Tirumalai Krishnamacharya Venkata Desikachar (21 June 1938 – 8 August 2016), better known as T. K. V. Desikachar, was a yoga teacher, son of the pioneer of modern yoga as exercise, Tirumalai Krishnamacharya. The style that he taught was initially called Viniyoga although he later abandoned that name and asked for the methods he taught to be called "yoga" without special qualification. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1938 births",
"2016 deaths",
"Indian yoga gurus",
"People from Mysore"
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projected-56565380-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.%20K.%20V.%20Desikachar | T. K. V. Desikachar | Biography | Tirumalai Krishnamacharya Venkata Desikachar (21 June 1938 – 8 August 2016), better known as T. K. V. Desikachar, was a yoga teacher, son of the pioneer of modern yoga as exercise, Tirumalai Krishnamacharya. The style that he taught was initially called Viniyoga although he later abandoned that name and asked for the methods he taught to be called "yoga" without special qualification. | Desikachar was born in Mysore, son of the pioneer of modern yoga Tirumalai Krishnamacharya, under whom he studied. He moved to Madras (now Chennai) in the early 1960s. He had trained as an engineer, but, inspired by his father's teachings, he studied under his father in the 1960s, and from the 1970s he taught in many parts of the world. He published many books, especially the 1995 The Heart of Yoga. During his thirty years of study, Desikachar learned the practice and application of yoga techniques and texts, for therapeutic, exercise, and spiritual purposes.
Desikachar developed Viniyoga, a term from the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. This approach is claimed to be holistic and aligned with the Yoga Sutras.
In 1976 Desikachar and A. G. Mohan founded the Krishnamacharya Yoga Mandiram (KYM), a yoga therapy clinic and yoga center in Madras, India, as a non-profit public charitable trust. Under Desikachar’s leadership, it offered teacher training and individual instruction in asana, pranayama, meditation, yoga philosophy, and Vedic chanting. It conducted research into the impact of yoga on people suffering from schizophrenia, diabetes, asthma, and depression. It has been recognized by the Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation of the Department for Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India. The institution is a public registered charity, identified by the Department of Family Health and Welfare of the Government of Tamil Nadu. | [] | [
"Biography"
] | [
"1938 births",
"2016 deaths",
"Indian yoga gurus",
"People from Mysore"
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projected-56565380-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.%20K.%20V.%20Desikachar | T. K. V. Desikachar | Family | Tirumalai Krishnamacharya Venkata Desikachar (21 June 1938 – 8 August 2016), better known as T. K. V. Desikachar, was a yoga teacher, son of the pioneer of modern yoga as exercise, Tirumalai Krishnamacharya. The style that he taught was initially called Viniyoga although he later abandoned that name and asked for the methods he taught to be called "yoga" without special qualification. | His wife, Menaka Desikachar, taught yoga and Vedic chanting at KYM and continues to do so at Krishnamacharya Healing and Yoga Foundation (KHYF), founded in 2016. Bushan Desikachar, Dr. Kausthub Desikachar and Mekhala Desikachar are his three children. Kausthub is the Chief Executive and a senior teacher and yoga therapy consultant at KHYF. Kausthub was the Executive Trustee of the Krishnamacharya Yoga Mandiram (KYM) till 2012, when he stepped down after sexual misconduct allegations. | [] | [
"Family"
] | [
"1938 births",
"2016 deaths",
"Indian yoga gurus",
"People from Mysore"
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projected-56565380-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.%20K.%20V.%20Desikachar | T. K. V. Desikachar | Death | Tirumalai Krishnamacharya Venkata Desikachar (21 June 1938 – 8 August 2016), better known as T. K. V. Desikachar, was a yoga teacher, son of the pioneer of modern yoga as exercise, Tirumalai Krishnamacharya. The style that he taught was initially called Viniyoga although he later abandoned that name and asked for the methods he taught to be called "yoga" without special qualification. | Desikachar died on 8 August 2016 in Chennai, India at the age of 78. | [] | [
"Death"
] | [
"1938 births",
"2016 deaths",
"Indian yoga gurus",
"People from Mysore"
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projected-56565380-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.%20K.%20V.%20Desikachar | T. K. V. Desikachar | Bibliography | Tirumalai Krishnamacharya Venkata Desikachar (21 June 1938 – 8 August 2016), better known as T. K. V. Desikachar, was a yoga teacher, son of the pioneer of modern yoga as exercise, Tirumalai Krishnamacharya. The style that he taught was initially called Viniyoga although he later abandoned that name and asked for the methods he taught to be called "yoga" without special qualification. | Desikachar authored books that include
Desikachar, T. K. V. (1995). The Heart of Yoga: Developing a Personal Practice. Rochester, VM: Inner Traditions International.
Desikachar, T. K. V., with Kausthub Desikachar and Frans Moors (2001). The Viniyoga of Yoga: Applying Yoga for Healthy Living, Krishnamacharya Yoga Mandiram, India
Desikachar, T. K. V. (2003). Nathamuni’s Yoga Rahasya. Krishnamacharya Yoga Mandiram, India | [] | [
"Bibliography"
] | [
"1938 births",
"2016 deaths",
"Indian yoga gurus",
"People from Mysore"
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projected-56565380-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.%20K.%20V.%20Desikachar | T. K. V. Desikachar | References | Tirumalai Krishnamacharya Venkata Desikachar (21 June 1938 – 8 August 2016), better known as T. K. V. Desikachar, was a yoga teacher, son of the pioneer of modern yoga as exercise, Tirumalai Krishnamacharya. The style that he taught was initially called Viniyoga although he later abandoned that name and asked for the methods he taught to be called "yoga" without special qualification. | Category:1938 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:Indian yoga gurus
Category:People from Mysore | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1938 births",
"2016 deaths",
"Indian yoga gurus",
"People from Mysore"
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projected-20465970-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy%20Boyle%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201901%29 | Tommy Boyle (footballer, born 1901) | Introduction | Thomas Boyle (21 February 1901 – 9 January 1972) was an English footballer who played as an inside right or right half. He played for Sheffield United, Manchester United and Northampton Town, winning the FA Cup with Sheffield United in 1925. He later spent a season as player-manager of Scarborough. | [] | [
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"Northampton Town F.C. players",
... | |
projected-20465970-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy%20Boyle%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201901%29 | Tommy Boyle (footballer, born 1901) | Playing career | Thomas Boyle (21 February 1901 – 9 January 1972) was an English footballer who played as an inside right or right half. He played for Sheffield United, Manchester United and Northampton Town, winning the FA Cup with Sheffield United in 1925. He later spent a season as player-manager of Scarborough. | Born in Sheffield, Boyle was spotted playing for the Bullcroft Colliery team and signed for Sheffield United in 1921. He initially found it difficult to establish himself in the first team, but over time his form improved, particularly his heading, which was a factor in him being selected for the 1925 FA Cup Final ahead of the more experienced Tommy Sampy. He left the Blades in 1929 after making over 140 appearances and scoring 40 goals.
Boyle signed for Manchester United for £2,000, but failed to settle and spent only one relatively unproductive season at Old Trafford in which he made just 17 starts. He was registered as a player by Macclesfield Town in May 1930 but by July of the same year had left for Northampton Town where he spent a successful five seasons, starting over 140 games for the Cobblers.
In 1935, Boyle was appointed player-manager of non-league Scarborough where he spent a reasonably successful season before retiring. | [] | [
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"Manchester United F.C. players",
"Macclesfield Town F.C. players",
"Northampton Town F.C. players",
... |
projected-20465970-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy%20Boyle%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201901%29 | Tommy Boyle (footballer, born 1901) | Personal life | Thomas Boyle (21 February 1901 – 9 January 1972) was an English footballer who played as an inside right or right half. He played for Sheffield United, Manchester United and Northampton Town, winning the FA Cup with Sheffield United in 1925. He later spent a season as player-manager of Scarborough. | Boyle was the son of Irish international Peter Boyle who had also lifted the FA Cup trophy with Sheffield United in both 1899 and 1902. After leaving Scarborough, Boyle became the licensee of the Plough Inn in nearby Scalby, North Yorkshire. | [] | [
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"Manchester United F.C. players",
"Macclesfield Town F.C. players",
"Northampton Town F.C. players",
... |
projected-20465970-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy%20Boyle%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201901%29 | Tommy Boyle (footballer, born 1901) | Honours | Thomas Boyle (21 February 1901 – 9 January 1972) was an English footballer who played as an inside right or right half. He played for Sheffield United, Manchester United and Northampton Town, winning the FA Cup with Sheffield United in 1925. He later spent a season as player-manager of Scarborough. | Sheffield United
FA Cup: 1924–25 | [] | [
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"Northampton Town F.C. players",
... |
projected-20465974-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renos%20Doweiya | Renos Doweiya | Introduction | Jalon Renos Doweiya (born 16 November 1983) is a Nauruan weightlifter.
At the Commonwealth Games in Manchester in 2002 he finished in third place in the 77 kg weight class. However, this was later upgraded to a silver medal after Indian Satheesha Rai was disqualified due to doping. He also won gold medals at the Oceania Games, in both 2001 and 2002. | [] | [
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] | [
"Nauruan male weightlifters",
"1983 births",
"Living people",
"Commonwealth Games medallists in weightlifting",
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] | |
projected-20465974-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renos%20Doweiya | Renos Doweiya | References | Jalon Renos Doweiya (born 16 November 1983) is a Nauruan weightlifter.
At the Commonwealth Games in Manchester in 2002 he finished in third place in the 77 kg weight class. However, this was later upgraded to a silver medal after Indian Satheesha Rai was disqualified due to doping. He also won gold medals at the Oceania Games, in both 2001 and 2002. | Category:Nauruan male weightlifters
Category:1983 births
Category:Living people
Category:Commonwealth Games medallists in weightlifting
Category:Weightlifters at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Nauru | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Nauruan male weightlifters",
"1983 births",
"Living people",
"Commonwealth Games medallists in weightlifting",
"Weightlifters at the 2002 Commonwealth Games",
"Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Nauru"
] |
projected-56565384-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golgotha%20%28oratorio%29 | Golgotha (oratorio) | Introduction | Golgotha is an oratorio for five soloists, orchestra, organ, piano and mixed choir composed by Frank Martin from 1945 to 1948, premiered in Geneva on 29 April 1949 under the direction of Samuel Baud-Bovy. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Compositions by Frank Martin",
"1948 compositions",
"Oratorios"
] | |
projected-56565384-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golgotha%20%28oratorio%29 | Golgotha (oratorio) | Movements | Golgotha is an oratorio for five soloists, orchestra, organ, piano and mixed choir composed by Frank Martin from 1945 to 1948, premiered in Geneva on 29 April 1949 under the direction of Samuel Baud-Bovy. | First part
Introduction choir: Père! Père! Père! Jusqu'à quel point nous as-Tu donc aimés!.
Les Rameaux.
Le Discours du Temple.
La Sainte Cène.
Gethsémané.
Second part
Introduction dialogue: Que dirais-je, Que ferais-je?.
Jésus devant le Sanhédrin.
Jésus devant Pilate.
Le Calvaire.
Dialogue of conclusion: O Mort! Où est ton aiguillon?.
(texts from the four Gospels and Confessions of Augustine). | [] | [
"Movements"
] | [
"Compositions by Frank Martin",
"1948 compositions",
"Oratorios"
] |
projected-56565384-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golgotha%20%28oratorio%29 | Golgotha (oratorio) | Bibliography | Golgotha is an oratorio for five soloists, orchestra, organ, piano and mixed choir composed by Frank Martin from 1945 to 1948, premiered in Geneva on 29 April 1949 under the direction of Samuel Baud-Bovy. | Frank Martin, Lettres à Victor Desarzens (introduction, notes et index by Peter Sulzer); L'Âge d'Homme, Lausanne, 1988.
Maria Boeke Martin, Souvenirs de ma vie avec Frank Martin; L'Âge d'Homme, Lausanne, 1990.
Harry Halbreich, Frank Martin: esquisse biographique et personnelle - Genèse et naissance de Golgotha, considérations générales - Frank Martin comments "Golgotha" - Brief analytical overview of the score; Erato Records STU 70497-Club Gutenberg, January 1975 (recording "canned" on 1, 2 and 3 November 1968, expression in quotation marks from the composer to conductor of 25 September 1968).
Frank Martin and Jean-Claude Piguet, Entretiens sur la musique; La Baconnière, Neuchâtel, 1967 (a text based on interviews broadcast on Radio Suisse Romande during the 1966-1967 season).
Roger Boss, Frank Martin, Introduction to the concert of 18 February 1962; Concert program for the 40th anniversary of the Société chorale de La Chaux-de-Fonds (1922-1962) Cover of ERATO's compact disc with the lyrics of Harry Halbreich (citing Frank Martin through the Entretiens sur la musique) and Frank Martin himself about his "Messe pour double chœur a capella" attached to the Golgotha''. | [] | [
"Bibliography"
] | [
"Compositions by Frank Martin",
"1948 compositions",
"Oratorios"
] |
projected-20465983-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskimo%20Artist%3A%20Kenojuak | Eskimo Artist: Kenojuak | Introduction | Eskimo Artist: Kenojuak is a 1964 Canadian short,documentary film about Inuk artist Kenojuak Ashevak, directed by John Feeney. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
Regarding the use of the term "Eskimo" in the title, Feeney wrote in 1993 that he had suggested using the now-accepted term "Inuit" in the film, but had been told that it would be confusing for non-Inuit audiences of the day.
Eskimo Artist: Kenojuak found new life again in 1992, when filmmakers Colin Low and Tony Ianzelo combined archival and contemporary footage of Kenojuak in Momentum, Canada's IMAX HD film for Expo '92. | [] | [
"Introduction"
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"1964 documentary films",
"1964 short films",
"Canadian short documentary films",
"Inuktitut-language films",
"National Film Board of Canada documentaries",
"Films directed by John Feeney",
"Documentary films about visual artists",
"Documentary films about women",
"... | |
projected-20466001-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lin%20Anghel | Cătălin Anghel | Introduction | Cătălin Anghel (born 4 October 1974) is a former Romanian footballer and current assistant coach of Liga I club Farul Constanța. | [] | [
"Introduction"
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"1974 births",
"Living people",
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"Association football midfielders",
"FCV Farul Constanța players",
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"Kaposvári Rákóczi FC players",
"FC Stal Alchevsk players",
"FC Irtysh Pavlodar players",
"Romanian expatriate fo... | |
projected-20466001-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lin%20Anghel | Cătălin Anghel | Club career | Cătălin Anghel (born 4 October 1974) is a former Romanian footballer and current assistant coach of Liga I club Farul Constanța. | Anghel played for his native club Farul Constanța. He joined Ukrainian First League side FC Stal Alchevsk during the 2003–04 season, and helped the club reach the quarter-finals of the Ukrainian Cup. He then moved to Hungary playing for BVSC Budapest and Kaposvári Rákóczi. | [] | [
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"Association football midfielders",
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"Kaposvári Rákóczi FC players",
"FC Stal Alchevsk players",
"FC Irtysh Pavlodar players",
"Romanian expatriate fo... |
projected-20466001-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lin%20Anghel | Cătălin Anghel | Coaching career | Cătălin Anghel (born 4 October 1974) is a former Romanian footballer and current assistant coach of Liga I club Farul Constanța. | After his retirement he worked as head coach for CSO Ovidiu and Viitorul Constanța. | [] | [
"Coaching career"
] | [
"Sportspeople from Constanța",
"1974 births",
"Living people",
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"Association football midfielders",
"FCV Farul Constanța players",
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"Kaposvári Rákóczi FC players",
"FC Stal Alchevsk players",
"FC Irtysh Pavlodar players",
"Romanian expatriate fo... |
projected-20466001-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lin%20Anghel | Cătălin Anghel | Coach | Cătălin Anghel (born 4 October 1974) is a former Romanian footballer and current assistant coach of Liga I club Farul Constanța. | Viitorul Constanța
Liga III: 2009–10 | [] | [
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"Coach"
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"1974 births",
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"Association football midfielders",
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"FC Stal Alchevsk players",
"FC Irtysh Pavlodar players",
"Romanian expatriate fo... |
projected-20466001-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%83t%C4%83lin%20Anghel | Cătălin Anghel | References | Cătălin Anghel (born 4 October 1974) is a former Romanian footballer and current assistant coach of Liga I club Farul Constanța. | Category:Sportspeople from Constanța
Category:1974 births
Category:Living people
Category:Romanian footballers
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:FCV Farul Constanța players
Category:Budapesti VSC footballers
Category:Kaposvári Rákóczi FC players
Category:FC Stal Alchevsk players
Category:FC Irtysh Pavlodar players
Category:Romanian expatriate footballers
Category:Expatriate footballers in Hungary
Category:Expatriate footballers in Ukraine
Category:Expatriate footballers in Kazakhstan
Category:Romanian expatriate sportspeople in Hungary
Category:Romanian expatriate sportspeople in Ukraine
Category:Liga I players
Category:Nemzeti Bajnokság I players
Category:Romanian football managers
Category:FC Viitorul Constanţa managers
Category:Association football forwards | [] | [
"References"
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"FCV Farul Constanța players",
"Budapesti VSC footballers",
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"FC Stal Alchevsk players",
"FC Irtysh Pavlodar players",
"Romanian expatriate fo... |
projected-06900719-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-East%20Region%2C%20Singapore | North-East Region, Singapore | Introduction | The North-East Region of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state. The region is the most densely populated and has the highest population among the five, with Sengkang being its most populous town as of 2020 and Seletar as the regional centre. Comprising 13,810 hectares, it includes seven planning areas and is largely a residential region with 217,120 homes. Housing largely consists of high-density HDB public housing estates, however private housing is also present in the region. As its name implies, it is located in the north-eastern part of Singapore.
The North-East Region, along with the four other planning regions, was officially established by the Urban Redevelopment Authority in 1999. Prior to the 1970s, the region was predominantly rural and experienced very little urbanisation. It was only with the development of towns such as Ang Mo Kio and Hougang over the next few decades that the region began to grow significantly in population and experienced dramatic urban development. As of 2020, the North-East Region has a population of 930,910. While predominantly a residential region, the North-East Region is also home to tourist attractions, such as Pulau Ubin and Coney Island. The region has a number of hospitals, parks, educational facilities, and security and defence services. There are also a variety of transport options, including Mass Rapid Transit, Light Rail Transit and public bus services, facilitating transport within and outside the region. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"North-East Region, Singapore",
"Planning areas in Singapore",
"Regions of Singapore"
] | |
projected-06900719-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-East%20Region%2C%20Singapore | North-East Region, Singapore | History | The North-East Region of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state. The region is the most densely populated and has the highest population among the five, with Sengkang being its most populous town as of 2020 and Seletar as the regional centre. Comprising 13,810 hectares, it includes seven planning areas and is largely a residential region with 217,120 homes. Housing largely consists of high-density HDB public housing estates, however private housing is also present in the region. As its name implies, it is located in the north-eastern part of Singapore.
The North-East Region, along with the four other planning regions, was officially established by the Urban Redevelopment Authority in 1999. Prior to the 1970s, the region was predominantly rural and experienced very little urbanisation. It was only with the development of towns such as Ang Mo Kio and Hougang over the next few decades that the region began to grow significantly in population and experienced dramatic urban development. As of 2020, the North-East Region has a population of 930,910. While predominantly a residential region, the North-East Region is also home to tourist attractions, such as Pulau Ubin and Coney Island. The region has a number of hospitals, parks, educational facilities, and security and defence services. There are also a variety of transport options, including Mass Rapid Transit, Light Rail Transit and public bus services, facilitating transport within and outside the region. | Before the 1960s, the North-East Region was primarily made up of farmland and rainforest. At this time the majority of urbanisation in Singapore was concentrated in the southern part of the country, where the Central Region is now located. The first Master Plan was adopted in 1958. The Master Plan was a statutory plan which regulated land use and development over a 20-year period, to be reviewed every five years. One of the main aims of this plan was to establish New Towns away from the Central Region, laying the precedent for the North-East Region’s urban development. However, this plan was soon deemed inefficient and not flexible enough to accommodate the rapid demographic and economic development in Singapore. In 1971 the Concept Plan was introduced, a more long-term plan which rather than providing a detailed guide for urban planning, it simply provided a general direction for development over the next 40 to 50 years. These two combined planning processes (The Master Plan and the Concept Plan) continue to be revised every few years, led by the Urban Redevelopment Authority.
It was over the next few decades that towns within the North East Region were built up. The first new towns were Ang Mo Kio and Hougang. Ang Mo Kio New Town began development in 1973 and Hougang in 1979. Up until the 1990s, the North-East Region was included as part of the Rural Planning Area. This area consisted of most of the land outside of the Central Planning Area. However, under the 1991 Concept Plan, the country was officially organised into five regions, along with 55 subdivision. Thus, the North East Region was established. This system allowed for more area specific planning and detailed land use guides. | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"North-East Region, Singapore",
"Planning areas in Singapore",
"Regions of Singapore"
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projected-06900719-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-East%20Region%2C%20Singapore | North-East Region, Singapore | Geography | The North-East Region of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state. The region is the most densely populated and has the highest population among the five, with Sengkang being its most populous town as of 2020 and Seletar as the regional centre. Comprising 13,810 hectares, it includes seven planning areas and is largely a residential region with 217,120 homes. Housing largely consists of high-density HDB public housing estates, however private housing is also present in the region. As its name implies, it is located in the north-eastern part of Singapore.
The North-East Region, along with the four other planning regions, was officially established by the Urban Redevelopment Authority in 1999. Prior to the 1970s, the region was predominantly rural and experienced very little urbanisation. It was only with the development of towns such as Ang Mo Kio and Hougang over the next few decades that the region began to grow significantly in population and experienced dramatic urban development. As of 2020, the North-East Region has a population of 930,910. While predominantly a residential region, the North-East Region is also home to tourist attractions, such as Pulau Ubin and Coney Island. The region has a number of hospitals, parks, educational facilities, and security and defence services. There are also a variety of transport options, including Mass Rapid Transit, Light Rail Transit and public bus services, facilitating transport within and outside the region. | Situated at the northeastern corner of Singapore Island, the region comprises a total land area of , including the North-Eastern cluster of islands, Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong and Pulau Tekong Kechil. It borders Singapore's East Region to the east, Central Region to the south and North Region to the west. | [] | [
"Geography"
] | [
"North-East Region, Singapore",
"Planning areas in Singapore",
"Regions of Singapore"
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projected-06900719-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-East%20Region%2C%20Singapore | North-East Region, Singapore | Government | The North-East Region of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state. The region is the most densely populated and has the highest population among the five, with Sengkang being its most populous town as of 2020 and Seletar as the regional centre. Comprising 13,810 hectares, it includes seven planning areas and is largely a residential region with 217,120 homes. Housing largely consists of high-density HDB public housing estates, however private housing is also present in the region. As its name implies, it is located in the north-eastern part of Singapore.
The North-East Region, along with the four other planning regions, was officially established by the Urban Redevelopment Authority in 1999. Prior to the 1970s, the region was predominantly rural and experienced very little urbanisation. It was only with the development of towns such as Ang Mo Kio and Hougang over the next few decades that the region began to grow significantly in population and experienced dramatic urban development. As of 2020, the North-East Region has a population of 930,910. While predominantly a residential region, the North-East Region is also home to tourist attractions, such as Pulau Ubin and Coney Island. The region has a number of hospitals, parks, educational facilities, and security and defence services. There are also a variety of transport options, including Mass Rapid Transit, Light Rail Transit and public bus services, facilitating transport within and outside the region. | The North-East Region is governed locally by four different Community Development Councils, namely the Central CDC, North East CDC, North West CDC and South East CDC. | [] | [
"Government"
] | [
"North-East Region, Singapore",
"Planning areas in Singapore",
"Regions of Singapore"
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projected-06900719-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-East%20Region%2C%20Singapore | North-East Region, Singapore | Planning Areas | The North-East Region of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state. The region is the most densely populated and has the highest population among the five, with Sengkang being its most populous town as of 2020 and Seletar as the regional centre. Comprising 13,810 hectares, it includes seven planning areas and is largely a residential region with 217,120 homes. Housing largely consists of high-density HDB public housing estates, however private housing is also present in the region. As its name implies, it is located in the north-eastern part of Singapore.
The North-East Region, along with the four other planning regions, was officially established by the Urban Redevelopment Authority in 1999. Prior to the 1970s, the region was predominantly rural and experienced very little urbanisation. It was only with the development of towns such as Ang Mo Kio and Hougang over the next few decades that the region began to grow significantly in population and experienced dramatic urban development. As of 2020, the North-East Region has a population of 930,910. While predominantly a residential region, the North-East Region is also home to tourist attractions, such as Pulau Ubin and Coney Island. The region has a number of hospitals, parks, educational facilities, and security and defence services. There are also a variety of transport options, including Mass Rapid Transit, Light Rail Transit and public bus services, facilitating transport within and outside the region. | The North-East Region is divided into 7 different planning areas, with a total of 48 subzones. | [] | [
"Government",
"Planning Areas"
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"North-East Region, Singapore",
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projected-06900719-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-East%20Region%2C%20Singapore | North-East Region, Singapore | Demographics | The North-East Region of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state. The region is the most densely populated and has the highest population among the five, with Sengkang being its most populous town as of 2020 and Seletar as the regional centre. Comprising 13,810 hectares, it includes seven planning areas and is largely a residential region with 217,120 homes. Housing largely consists of high-density HDB public housing estates, however private housing is also present in the region. As its name implies, it is located in the north-eastern part of Singapore.
The North-East Region, along with the four other planning regions, was officially established by the Urban Redevelopment Authority in 1999. Prior to the 1970s, the region was predominantly rural and experienced very little urbanisation. It was only with the development of towns such as Ang Mo Kio and Hougang over the next few decades that the region began to grow significantly in population and experienced dramatic urban development. As of 2020, the North-East Region has a population of 930,910. While predominantly a residential region, the North-East Region is also home to tourist attractions, such as Pulau Ubin and Coney Island. The region has a number of hospitals, parks, educational facilities, and security and defence services. There are also a variety of transport options, including Mass Rapid Transit, Light Rail Transit and public bus services, facilitating transport within and outside the region. | According to the Singapore Department of Statistics’ 2020 Population Trends report, the total population of the North-East Region is 930,910. Out of its 7 planning areas, Sengkang is the most populated, with 249,370 residents. Alternatively, the North-Eastern Islands is the least populated area with only 50 residents, as it is one of the few areas in Singapore that has not experienced dramatic urban development.
According to the 2015 General Household Survey, the most common ethnic background in the North-East Region is Chinese, accounting for the majority of the population. Additionally, English is the most common language spoken at home (35.4%), closely followed by Mandarin (33.9%). Other common languages spoken at home include other Chinese dialects (13.4%), Malay (7.8%) and Tamil (3.5%). The most popular religion followed is Buddhism (36.3%), while other prevalent religions in the region include Christianity (19.3%), Taoism (11.1%), Islam (9.1%) and Hinduism (4.6%). In addition, 19.1% of people practise no religion. | [
"Singapore Pulau Ubin Chek Jawa 26.jpg"
] | [
"Demographics"
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projected-06900719-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-East%20Region%2C%20Singapore | North-East Region, Singapore | Economy | The North-East Region of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state. The region is the most densely populated and has the highest population among the five, with Sengkang being its most populous town as of 2020 and Seletar as the regional centre. Comprising 13,810 hectares, it includes seven planning areas and is largely a residential region with 217,120 homes. Housing largely consists of high-density HDB public housing estates, however private housing is also present in the region. As its name implies, it is located in the north-eastern part of Singapore.
The North-East Region, along with the four other planning regions, was officially established by the Urban Redevelopment Authority in 1999. Prior to the 1970s, the region was predominantly rural and experienced very little urbanisation. It was only with the development of towns such as Ang Mo Kio and Hougang over the next few decades that the region began to grow significantly in population and experienced dramatic urban development. As of 2020, the North-East Region has a population of 930,910. While predominantly a residential region, the North-East Region is also home to tourist attractions, such as Pulau Ubin and Coney Island. The region has a number of hospitals, parks, educational facilities, and security and defence services. There are also a variety of transport options, including Mass Rapid Transit, Light Rail Transit and public bus services, facilitating transport within and outside the region. | The region is home to the Seletar Aerospace Park, which houses several aviation manufacturing and research facilities owned by companies such as Rolls-Royce, Pratt & Whitney and Singapore Technologies Aerospace, allowing the aviation industry in Singapore to expand out of Changi, which is a major aviation and commercial zone located in the East region of the country. Several industrial zones are also located within the region such as Defu Industrial Estate in Hougang and Ang Mo Kio Industrial Park in Ang Mo Kio. | [
"Coney Island Sign.jpg"
] | [
"Economy"
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"North-East Region, Singapore",
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projected-06900719-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-East%20Region%2C%20Singapore | North-East Region, Singapore | Tourism | The North-East Region of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state. The region is the most densely populated and has the highest population among the five, with Sengkang being its most populous town as of 2020 and Seletar as the regional centre. Comprising 13,810 hectares, it includes seven planning areas and is largely a residential region with 217,120 homes. Housing largely consists of high-density HDB public housing estates, however private housing is also present in the region. As its name implies, it is located in the north-eastern part of Singapore.
The North-East Region, along with the four other planning regions, was officially established by the Urban Redevelopment Authority in 1999. Prior to the 1970s, the region was predominantly rural and experienced very little urbanisation. It was only with the development of towns such as Ang Mo Kio and Hougang over the next few decades that the region began to grow significantly in population and experienced dramatic urban development. As of 2020, the North-East Region has a population of 930,910. While predominantly a residential region, the North-East Region is also home to tourist attractions, such as Pulau Ubin and Coney Island. The region has a number of hospitals, parks, educational facilities, and security and defence services. There are also a variety of transport options, including Mass Rapid Transit, Light Rail Transit and public bus services, facilitating transport within and outside the region. | Located within the North-Eastern Islands planning area, Pulau Ubin is a popular tourist attraction with both local and foreign visitors visiting the island as it is one of the last rural areas in Singapore, with an abundance of natural flora and fauna. It is particularly popular for outdoor activities such as mountain biking, as it is home to the Ketam Mountain Bike Park. Additionally, the Chek Jawa wetlands is also a popular attraction due to its array of wildlife and unique biodiversity. Ubin Town is the only settlement on the island and offers a number of restaurants, bicycle rental shops and other small shops catering to tourism.
Coney Island, also known as Pulau Serangoon, is also a popular attraction within the region. Located off the northeastern coast within the planning area of Punggol, Coney island is accessible via two bridges at the eastern and western ends of the island, linking it to the main island. Visitors to the island can participate in activities such as cycling, bird watching and nature walks. Coney island park is managed by the National Parks Board and home to a range of different habitats and a variety of fauna and flora. | [] | [
"Economy",
"Tourism"
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"North-East Region, Singapore",
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"Regions of Singapore"
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projected-06900719-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-East%20Region%2C%20Singapore | North-East Region, Singapore | Education | The North-East Region of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state. The region is the most densely populated and has the highest population among the five, with Sengkang being its most populous town as of 2020 and Seletar as the regional centre. Comprising 13,810 hectares, it includes seven planning areas and is largely a residential region with 217,120 homes. Housing largely consists of high-density HDB public housing estates, however private housing is also present in the region. As its name implies, it is located in the north-eastern part of Singapore.
The North-East Region, along with the four other planning regions, was officially established by the Urban Redevelopment Authority in 1999. Prior to the 1970s, the region was predominantly rural and experienced very little urbanisation. It was only with the development of towns such as Ang Mo Kio and Hougang over the next few decades that the region began to grow significantly in population and experienced dramatic urban development. As of 2020, the North-East Region has a population of 930,910. While predominantly a residential region, the North-East Region is also home to tourist attractions, such as Pulau Ubin and Coney Island. The region has a number of hospitals, parks, educational facilities, and security and defence services. There are also a variety of transport options, including Mass Rapid Transit, Light Rail Transit and public bus services, facilitating transport within and outside the region. | Residents living within the area have access to different educational facilities ranging from preschools to primary and secondary schools as these are located around the different towns in the North-East region.
There are 28 secondary schools within the North-East Region, including:
Anderson Secondary School
Ang Mo Kio Secondary School
Bowen Secondary School
CHIJ St. Joseph's Convent
CHIJ St. Nicholas Girls' School
Compassvale Secondary School
Deyi Secondary School
Edgefield Secondary School
Greendale Secondary School
Holy Innocents' High School
Hougang Secondary School
Mayflower Secondary School
Montfort Secondary School
Nan Chiau High School
North Vista Secondary School
Paya Lebar Methodist Girls' School
Pei Hwa Secondary School
Peicai Secondary School
Presbyterian High School
Punggol Secondary School
Seng Kang Secondary School
Serangoon Garden Secondary School
Serangoon Secondary School
St. Gabriel's Secondary School
Xinmin Secondary School
Yio Chu Kang Secondary School
Yuying Secondary School
Zhonghua Secondary School
There are also 44 primary schools within the region, including:
Anchor Green Primary School
Anderson Primary School
Ang Mo Kio Primary School
CHIJ Our Lady of Good Counsel
CHIJ Our Lady of the Nativity
CHIJ St. Nicholas Girls' School
Compassvale Primary School
Edgefield Primary School
Fern Green Primary School
Fernvale Primary School
Greendale Primary School
Holy Innocents' Primary School
Horizon Primary School
Hougang Primary School
Jing Shan Primary School
Mayflower Primary School
Mee Toh School
Montfort Junior School
Nan Chiau Primary School
North Spring Primary School
North Vista Primary School
Northshore Primary School
Oasis Primary School
Palm View Primary School
Paya Lebar Methodist Girls' School
Punggol Cove Primary School
Punggol Green Primary School
Punggol Primary School
Punggol View Primary School
Rivervale Primary School
Rosyth School
Seng Kang Primary School
Sengkang Green Primary School
Springdale Primary School
St. Gabriel's Primary School
Teck Ghee Primary School
Townsville Primary School
Valour Primary School
Waterway Primary School
Xinghua Primary School
Xinmin Primary School
Yangzheng Primary School
Yio Chu Kang Primary School
Zhonghua Primary School
The area is also home to various tertiary institutions such as, Anderson Serangoon Junior College, ITE College Central, Nanyang Junior College, Nanyang Polytechnic and the Singapore Institute of Technology. There are also 3 international schools, namely, the Australian International School Singapore, the French School of Singapore and the Global Indian International School Singapore. | [
"Sengkang hospital.jpg"
] | [
"Infrastructure",
"Education"
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"North-East Region, Singapore",
"Planning areas in Singapore",
"Regions of Singapore"
] |
projected-06900719-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-East%20Region%2C%20Singapore | North-East Region, Singapore | Healthcare | The North-East Region of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state. The region is the most densely populated and has the highest population among the five, with Sengkang being its most populous town as of 2020 and Seletar as the regional centre. Comprising 13,810 hectares, it includes seven planning areas and is largely a residential region with 217,120 homes. Housing largely consists of high-density HDB public housing estates, however private housing is also present in the region. As its name implies, it is located in the north-eastern part of Singapore.
The North-East Region, along with the four other planning regions, was officially established by the Urban Redevelopment Authority in 1999. Prior to the 1970s, the region was predominantly rural and experienced very little urbanisation. It was only with the development of towns such as Ang Mo Kio and Hougang over the next few decades that the region began to grow significantly in population and experienced dramatic urban development. As of 2020, the North-East Region has a population of 930,910. While predominantly a residential region, the North-East Region is also home to tourist attractions, such as Pulau Ubin and Coney Island. The region has a number of hospitals, parks, educational facilities, and security and defence services. There are also a variety of transport options, including Mass Rapid Transit, Light Rail Transit and public bus services, facilitating transport within and outside the region. | Sengkang General Hospital is the largest hospital in the region. The 1000-bed hospital was opened on the 18th of August 2018 and is managed by SingHealth. Other hospitals in the North-East region include Ang Mo Kio - Thye Hua Kwan Hospital, Bright Vision Hospital and Sengkang Community Hospital, which is attached to Sengkang General Hospital. | [] | [
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"Healthcare"
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projected-06900719-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-East%20Region%2C%20Singapore | North-East Region, Singapore | Parklands | The North-East Region of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state. The region is the most densely populated and has the highest population among the five, with Sengkang being its most populous town as of 2020 and Seletar as the regional centre. Comprising 13,810 hectares, it includes seven planning areas and is largely a residential region with 217,120 homes. Housing largely consists of high-density HDB public housing estates, however private housing is also present in the region. As its name implies, it is located in the north-eastern part of Singapore.
The North-East Region, along with the four other planning regions, was officially established by the Urban Redevelopment Authority in 1999. Prior to the 1970s, the region was predominantly rural and experienced very little urbanisation. It was only with the development of towns such as Ang Mo Kio and Hougang over the next few decades that the region began to grow significantly in population and experienced dramatic urban development. As of 2020, the North-East Region has a population of 930,910. While predominantly a residential region, the North-East Region is also home to tourist attractions, such as Pulau Ubin and Coney Island. The region has a number of hospitals, parks, educational facilities, and security and defence services. There are also a variety of transport options, including Mass Rapid Transit, Light Rail Transit and public bus services, facilitating transport within and outside the region. | There are a number of parks within the region, all of which are managed by the National Parks Board.
Parks within the North-East region include:
Ang Mo Kio Town Garden East
Ang Mo Kio Town Garden West
Chek Jawa
Coney Island
Japanese Cemetery Park
Ketam Mountain Bike Park
Pulau Ubin
Punggol Park
Punggol Point Park
Punggol Waterway Park
Sengkang Riverside Park
Sengkang Sculpture Park | [
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projected-06900719-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-East%20Region%2C%20Singapore | North-East Region, Singapore | Fire Department | The North-East Region of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state. The region is the most densely populated and has the highest population among the five, with Sengkang being its most populous town as of 2020 and Seletar as the regional centre. Comprising 13,810 hectares, it includes seven planning areas and is largely a residential region with 217,120 homes. Housing largely consists of high-density HDB public housing estates, however private housing is also present in the region. As its name implies, it is located in the north-eastern part of Singapore.
The North-East Region, along with the four other planning regions, was officially established by the Urban Redevelopment Authority in 1999. Prior to the 1970s, the region was predominantly rural and experienced very little urbanisation. It was only with the development of towns such as Ang Mo Kio and Hougang over the next few decades that the region began to grow significantly in population and experienced dramatic urban development. As of 2020, the North-East Region has a population of 930,910. While predominantly a residential region, the North-East Region is also home to tourist attractions, such as Pulau Ubin and Coney Island. The region has a number of hospitals, parks, educational facilities, and security and defence services. There are also a variety of transport options, including Mass Rapid Transit, Light Rail Transit and public bus services, facilitating transport within and outside the region. | The Singapore Civil Defence Force operates two fire stations in the region:
Ang Mo Kio Fire Station
Sengkang Fire Station
Ang Mo Kio Fire Station has been operational since 1984 and provides services to Ang Mo Kio and Serangoon.
Sengkang Fire Station has been operational since 2001 and provides services to Hougang, Punggol, Sengkang and Serangoon.
Along with the fire stations, there are also two fire posts in the region:
Punggol North Fire Post
Cheng San Fire Post | [] | [
"Infrastructure",
"Fire Department"
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projected-06900719-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-East%20Region%2C%20Singapore | North-East Region, Singapore | Transportation | The North-East Region of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state. The region is the most densely populated and has the highest population among the five, with Sengkang being its most populous town as of 2020 and Seletar as the regional centre. Comprising 13,810 hectares, it includes seven planning areas and is largely a residential region with 217,120 homes. Housing largely consists of high-density HDB public housing estates, however private housing is also present in the region. As its name implies, it is located in the north-eastern part of Singapore.
The North-East Region, along with the four other planning regions, was officially established by the Urban Redevelopment Authority in 1999. Prior to the 1970s, the region was predominantly rural and experienced very little urbanisation. It was only with the development of towns such as Ang Mo Kio and Hougang over the next few decades that the region began to grow significantly in population and experienced dramatic urban development. As of 2020, the North-East Region has a population of 930,910. While predominantly a residential region, the North-East Region is also home to tourist attractions, such as Pulau Ubin and Coney Island. The region has a number of hospitals, parks, educational facilities, and security and defence services. There are also a variety of transport options, including Mass Rapid Transit, Light Rail Transit and public bus services, facilitating transport within and outside the region. | The public transport system in Singapore was designed to connect the North-East Region to the city centre, with Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) stations in each town centre. There is also a number of bus stops and Light Rail Transit (LRT) stations which connect towns within the region. As of 2015, 59.5% of the working population aged fifteen and older use public transport regularly to get to work. The North East region also has one airport: Seletar Airport. The airport was formally a military airbase, but is now owned by the Singapore government and operated by Changi Airport Group. It is mostly used for flight training, private aircraft and chartered flights. | [
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projected-06900719-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-East%20Region%2C%20Singapore | North-East Region, Singapore | Rail | The North-East Region of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state. The region is the most densely populated and has the highest population among the five, with Sengkang being its most populous town as of 2020 and Seletar as the regional centre. Comprising 13,810 hectares, it includes seven planning areas and is largely a residential region with 217,120 homes. Housing largely consists of high-density HDB public housing estates, however private housing is also present in the region. As its name implies, it is located in the north-eastern part of Singapore.
The North-East Region, along with the four other planning regions, was officially established by the Urban Redevelopment Authority in 1999. Prior to the 1970s, the region was predominantly rural and experienced very little urbanisation. It was only with the development of towns such as Ang Mo Kio and Hougang over the next few decades that the region began to grow significantly in population and experienced dramatic urban development. As of 2020, the North-East Region has a population of 930,910. While predominantly a residential region, the North-East Region is also home to tourist attractions, such as Pulau Ubin and Coney Island. The region has a number of hospitals, parks, educational facilities, and security and defence services. There are also a variety of transport options, including Mass Rapid Transit, Light Rail Transit and public bus services, facilitating transport within and outside the region. | There are three MRT lines that operate in the North-East Region: North East line, North-South line and Circle Line. The North East line is the most prominent. It runs from HarbourFront station in the Central Region to Punggol station in the north, connecting six MRT stations within the North-East Region, namely Serangoon, Kovan, Hougang, Buangkok, Sengkang and Punggol stations. In 2024 the line is expected to be extended to include the Punggol Coast MRT station, which is under construction. Yio Chu Kang and Ang Mo Kio are the stations located on the North-South line in this region. Tai Seng, Bartley, Serangoon and Lorong Chuan stations are on the Circle line in this region.
In addition, the Cross Island MRT line, which is currently under planning, is expected to cross through the region. Plans for the project were first announced in 2013, and the Land Transport Authority expects that it will be completed by 2030. The line will connect to Ang Mo Kio station, Hougang station, Punggol station and Riviera station, along with future MRT stations including Serangoon North station, Defu station, Tavistock station and Teck Ghee station.
There are also 28 operational LRT stations in the region, connecting residential areas to the MRT lines. There are two main LRT lines in the region: the Punggol LRT line and the Sengkang LRT line. | [
"NE17 Punggol MRT Platform B 20201223 125945.jpg"
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projected-06900719-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-East%20Region%2C%20Singapore | North-East Region, Singapore | Bus | The North-East Region of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state. The region is the most densely populated and has the highest population among the five, with Sengkang being its most populous town as of 2020 and Seletar as the regional centre. Comprising 13,810 hectares, it includes seven planning areas and is largely a residential region with 217,120 homes. Housing largely consists of high-density HDB public housing estates, however private housing is also present in the region. As its name implies, it is located in the north-eastern part of Singapore.
The North-East Region, along with the four other planning regions, was officially established by the Urban Redevelopment Authority in 1999. Prior to the 1970s, the region was predominantly rural and experienced very little urbanisation. It was only with the development of towns such as Ang Mo Kio and Hougang over the next few decades that the region began to grow significantly in population and experienced dramatic urban development. As of 2020, the North-East Region has a population of 930,910. While predominantly a residential region, the North-East Region is also home to tourist attractions, such as Pulau Ubin and Coney Island. The region has a number of hospitals, parks, educational facilities, and security and defence services. There are also a variety of transport options, including Mass Rapid Transit, Light Rail Transit and public bus services, facilitating transport within and outside the region. | The North-East Region has an established public bus network and a number of bus interchanges connecting towns within the region and to other parts of the country.
The following bus interchanges are located within the North-East Region:
Ang Mo Kio Bus Interchange
Compassvale Bus Interchange
Hougang Central Bus Interchange
Punggol Temporary Bus Interchange
Sengkang Bus Interchange
Serangoon Bus Interchange
Yio Chu Kang Bus Interchange | [
"Serangoon Bus Interchange berth.jpg"
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projected-06900719-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-East%20Region%2C%20Singapore | North-East Region, Singapore | Expressways | The North-East Region of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state. The region is the most densely populated and has the highest population among the five, with Sengkang being its most populous town as of 2020 and Seletar as the regional centre. Comprising 13,810 hectares, it includes seven planning areas and is largely a residential region with 217,120 homes. Housing largely consists of high-density HDB public housing estates, however private housing is also present in the region. As its name implies, it is located in the north-eastern part of Singapore.
The North-East Region, along with the four other planning regions, was officially established by the Urban Redevelopment Authority in 1999. Prior to the 1970s, the region was predominantly rural and experienced very little urbanisation. It was only with the development of towns such as Ang Mo Kio and Hougang over the next few decades that the region began to grow significantly in population and experienced dramatic urban development. As of 2020, the North-East Region has a population of 930,910. While predominantly a residential region, the North-East Region is also home to tourist attractions, such as Pulau Ubin and Coney Island. The region has a number of hospitals, parks, educational facilities, and security and defence services. There are also a variety of transport options, including Mass Rapid Transit, Light Rail Transit and public bus services, facilitating transport within and outside the region. | There are four expressways that pass through the North East Region: Central Expressway, Seletar Expressway, Tampines Expressway and Kallang–Paya Lebar Expressway. Additionally, the North–South Corridor, an under-construction expressway, is planned to connect to Ang Mo Kio. | [] | [
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"Expressways"
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projected-06900719-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-East%20Region%2C%20Singapore | North-East Region, Singapore | Housing | The North-East Region of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state. The region is the most densely populated and has the highest population among the five, with Sengkang being its most populous town as of 2020 and Seletar as the regional centre. Comprising 13,810 hectares, it includes seven planning areas and is largely a residential region with 217,120 homes. Housing largely consists of high-density HDB public housing estates, however private housing is also present in the region. As its name implies, it is located in the north-eastern part of Singapore.
The North-East Region, along with the four other planning regions, was officially established by the Urban Redevelopment Authority in 1999. Prior to the 1970s, the region was predominantly rural and experienced very little urbanisation. It was only with the development of towns such as Ang Mo Kio and Hougang over the next few decades that the region began to grow significantly in population and experienced dramatic urban development. As of 2020, the North-East Region has a population of 930,910. While predominantly a residential region, the North-East Region is also home to tourist attractions, such as Pulau Ubin and Coney Island. The region has a number of hospitals, parks, educational facilities, and security and defence services. There are also a variety of transport options, including Mass Rapid Transit, Light Rail Transit and public bus services, facilitating transport within and outside the region. | The North-East Region is predominantly a residential area. Like other regions outside the city centre, towns in the North-East Region are largely made up of high-density, high-rise public housing, provided by the Housing and Development Board (HDB). HDB estates make up 78.72% of households in the region. Each of these housing developments are designed for self-sufficiency, with schools, hospitals, parks, sports facilities, shopping malls and other amenities easily available to residents. The North-East Region experiences continual development of housing and other public facilities. New housing in Ang Mo Kio, Hougang and Serangoon is being developed, along with new transport options, parks and other amenities. In recent years, the HBD has also developed more of a focus on sustainability and incorporating ecological considerations into town planning. The town of Punggol was branded as the “first eco-town”, with more greenery incorporated into the area, along with the development of the Punggol Promenade and Waterway.
While the majority of housing in the region is still public, some have noted that there has also been an increase in private housing in the North East Region. Excluding the Central Region, the North East Region accounted for 40.3% of all private residential sales transactions in Singapore in 2019. | [
"Cove, Punggol Field.JPG"
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projected-06900719-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-East%20Region%2C%20Singapore | North-East Region, Singapore | Historic sites | The North-East Region of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state. The region is the most densely populated and has the highest population among the five, with Sengkang being its most populous town as of 2020 and Seletar as the regional centre. Comprising 13,810 hectares, it includes seven planning areas and is largely a residential region with 217,120 homes. Housing largely consists of high-density HDB public housing estates, however private housing is also present in the region. As its name implies, it is located in the north-eastern part of Singapore.
The North-East Region, along with the four other planning regions, was officially established by the Urban Redevelopment Authority in 1999. Prior to the 1970s, the region was predominantly rural and experienced very little urbanisation. It was only with the development of towns such as Ang Mo Kio and Hougang over the next few decades that the region began to grow significantly in population and experienced dramatic urban development. As of 2020, the North-East Region has a population of 930,910. While predominantly a residential region, the North-East Region is also home to tourist attractions, such as Pulau Ubin and Coney Island. The region has a number of hospitals, parks, educational facilities, and security and defence services. There are also a variety of transport options, including Mass Rapid Transit, Light Rail Transit and public bus services, facilitating transport within and outside the region. | The National Heritage Board has designated a number of “historic sites” in Singapore, some of which are located in the North-East Region. These include:
Chee Tong Temple, located in Hougang and finally completed in 1987.
Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, a Roman Catholic church built in Hougang in 1853.
Masjid Haji Yusoff, the oldest mosque in Hougang, originally built in 1921.
Paya Lebar Methodist Church, a church located in Hougang. It was established in 1932 and completed in 1998.
Seletar Airfield, a British Royal Air Force base designed to protect the naval base in Sembawang during World War II.
St. Paul's Church, an Anglican church built in Hougang in 1936.
Tou Mu Kung, a Taoist temple completed in 1921. It is the oldest temple in Singapore dedicated to the worship of Jiu Huang Ye.
Woodbridge Museum, established in 1993, provides information and exhibitions surrounding the history of the old Woodbridge Hospital, which has now become the Institute of Mental Health. The hospital dates back to 1841, where it was the first medical facility in Singapore for treating the mentally ill. It was also used during World War II to provide treatment to soldiers and civilians.
Zi Yun Kai Ji Gong, a complex of three temples completed in 1996. The three temples are Keat Sun Beo, Kai Hock Tong and Chao Ying Kong. | [] | [
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"Historic sites"
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projected-56565512-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral%20bridge | Integral bridge | Introduction | An integral bridge contains no expansion joints to accommodate enlargement due to increased temperature. Horizontal (axial) movements due to thermal expansion and braking loads are instead transferred to the fill adjacent to the abutment. The omission of the expansion joint removes a pathway for the penetration of chloride-bearing road salts to the bridge's sub-structure. In the United Kingdom there is a presumption that most new short to medium length bridges will be of the integral type.
An early example of an integral bridge is masonry arch bridge. Some of the earliest examples of integral bridges in reinforced concrete were constructed as part of the United Kingdom's M1 motorway in 1959. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Bridges by structural type"
] | |
projected-56565512-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral%20bridge | Integral bridge | Description | An integral bridge contains no expansion joints to accommodate enlargement due to increased temperature. Horizontal (axial) movements due to thermal expansion and braking loads are instead transferred to the fill adjacent to the abutment. The omission of the expansion joint removes a pathway for the penetration of chloride-bearing road salts to the bridge's sub-structure. In the United Kingdom there is a presumption that most new short to medium length bridges will be of the integral type.
An early example of an integral bridge is masonry arch bridge. Some of the earliest examples of integral bridges in reinforced concrete were constructed as part of the United Kingdom's M1 motorway in 1959. | An integral bridge contains no expansion joints, spanning monolithically from abutment to abutment. Movement due to thermal expansion and contraction or braking loads is accommodated by the end walls or abutments. Where intermediate supports are specified (e.g. bridge piers) these may also serve to resist thermal expansion movements.
The omission of the expansion joint removes a significant maintenance and durability issue, as it serves as a point of ingress for road salts which allows the abutment, piers and deck soffit concrete to come under chloride attack that can cause degradation and eventual span failure. A 1989 British study showed that the majority of expansion joints surveyed in existing bridges had failed and allowed water (and hence salt) ingress.
The movement experienced at the abutment in an integral bridge is an order of magnitude greater than those designed with movement joints. The size of movement depends on the stiffness of the bridge structure and the fill adjacent to the abutment (which is subject to compaction). The movement is largest in the upper portion of the abutment, where thermal effects are greatest. Highways England specify that integral bridges should be designed to limit movement to . Due to repeated expansion and contraction cycles the backfill adjacent to the abutment is subject to ratcheting, whereby the material's stiffness is increased. The maximum stiffness level is reached after around 100–200 thermal expansion cycles. | [
"BridgeExpansionJoint.jpg"
] | [
"Description"
] | [
"Bridges by structural type"
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projected-56565512-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral%20bridge | Integral bridge | Types | An integral bridge contains no expansion joints to accommodate enlargement due to increased temperature. Horizontal (axial) movements due to thermal expansion and braking loads are instead transferred to the fill adjacent to the abutment. The omission of the expansion joint removes a pathway for the penetration of chloride-bearing road salts to the bridge's sub-structure. In the United Kingdom there is a presumption that most new short to medium length bridges will be of the integral type.
An early example of an integral bridge is masonry arch bridge. Some of the earliest examples of integral bridges in reinforced concrete were constructed as part of the United Kingdom's M1 motorway in 1959. | Highways England recognises four types of integral bridge, defined by the construction of their abutments:
Frame abutments where the abutment acts as a retaining wall to the surrounding fill, connecting to the deck in a manner that allows for transfer of bending moments, shear forces and axial loads.
Embedded abutments, extending to a depth below the retained fill with restraint provided by the embedded length.
Bank pad abutments, designed to move horizontally to accommodate expansion and contraction of the deck. These must be of adequate weight (or a deck flexible enough) to avoid uplift forces due to differential settlement.
End screen abutments, which act only to retain the surrounding fill and transfer horizontal loads from the bridge deck to the fill. The vertical loads are transferred from the deck by means of a separate support system. The supports may be designed to take only vertical loading or accommodate the horizontal movement.
Where bridge bearings are used on an integral bridge (as is often the case for end screen abutment types) the structure is sometimes referred to as semi-integral. | [] | [
"Types"
] | [
"Bridges by structural type"
] |
projected-56565512-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral%20bridge | Integral bridge | Use | An integral bridge contains no expansion joints to accommodate enlargement due to increased temperature. Horizontal (axial) movements due to thermal expansion and braking loads are instead transferred to the fill adjacent to the abutment. The omission of the expansion joint removes a pathway for the penetration of chloride-bearing road salts to the bridge's sub-structure. In the United Kingdom there is a presumption that most new short to medium length bridges will be of the integral type.
An early example of an integral bridge is masonry arch bridge. Some of the earliest examples of integral bridges in reinforced concrete were constructed as part of the United Kingdom's M1 motorway in 1959. | It is widely accepted that short to medium length bridges should be designed as integral structures to minimise maintenance requirements. Highways England's Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (applicable to the whole of the UK and many parts of it, including the section on integral bridges, applying to the Republic of Ireland) states that all bridges with deck length less than and skew of less than 30 degrees should be designed as integral structures unless there is a compelling reason to do otherwise. | [] | [
"Use"
] | [
"Bridges by structural type"
] |
projected-56565512-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral%20bridge | Integral bridge | References | An integral bridge contains no expansion joints to accommodate enlargement due to increased temperature. Horizontal (axial) movements due to thermal expansion and braking loads are instead transferred to the fill adjacent to the abutment. The omission of the expansion joint removes a pathway for the penetration of chloride-bearing road salts to the bridge's sub-structure. In the United Kingdom there is a presumption that most new short to medium length bridges will be of the integral type.
An early example of an integral bridge is masonry arch bridge. Some of the earliest examples of integral bridges in reinforced concrete were constructed as part of the United Kingdom's M1 motorway in 1959. | Category:Bridges by structural type | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Bridges by structural type"
] |
projected-20466019-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockport%20Smith | Stockport Smith | Introduction | William Smith, commonly known as Stockport Smith, was an English footballer. His regular position was as an inside right, but he also played in various other forward positions and even as a wing half on occasion. He played for Stockport County, Manchester City, and Newton Heath. He joined Manchester City from Stockport in 1897 and scored 22 goals in 54 league appearances in three years at the club. He is often confused with another William Smith who played for Manchester City at the same time; because of this, they were known to Manchester City fans by the clubs they were signed from; this William Smith is referred to as "Stockport Smith" and the other as "Buxton Smith".
Smith rejoined Stockport in 1900, but was unable to reproduce his goalscoring feats and moved on to Newton Heath for their final season before they were renamed as Manchester United. He made his Newton Heath debut on 14 September 1901, playing at outside right for a 5–0 defeat away to Middlesbrough. His only goal for Newton Heath may have come on 5 October 1901 in a 3–3 home draw with his former club, Stockport County, although this goal is credited to Alf Schofield by some sources. No record of Smith's football career exists beyond the 1901–02 season. | [] | [
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"Manchester City F.C. players",
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projected-06900728-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roughskin%20spurdog | Roughskin spurdog | Introduction | The roughskin spurdog (Cirrhigaleus asper) is a dogfish of the family Squalidae, found circumglobally between latitudes 35°N and 35°S, at depths of between and . It reaches a length of .
The roughskin spurdog is ovoviviparous with 21 to 22 young in a litter. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Cirrhigaleus",
"Fish described in 1973",
"Taxa named by Nigel Merrett"
] | |
projected-06900728-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roughskin%20spurdog | Roughskin spurdog | References | The roughskin spurdog (Cirrhigaleus asper) is a dogfish of the family Squalidae, found circumglobally between latitudes 35°N and 35°S, at depths of between and . It reaches a length of .
The roughskin spurdog is ovoviviparous with 21 to 22 young in a litter. | Compagno, Dando, & Fowler, Sharks of the World, Princeton University Press, New Jersey 2005
Category:Cirrhigaleus
Category:Fish described in 1973
Category:Taxa named by Nigel Merrett | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Cirrhigaleus",
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projected-56565514-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lula%20kebab | Lula kebab | Introduction | Lula kebab (, ) is a type of kebab cooked on skewers. It is made from minced meat. It is a specialty of Armenian, Azerbaijani, and other cuisines of countries in South Caucasus, the Middle East, and Central Asia. | [
"Azerbaijani_lyulya_kebab.jpg"
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"Introduction"
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"Armenian cuisine",
"Azerbaijani cuisine",
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projected-56565514-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lula%20kebab | Lula kebab | Ingredients | Lula kebab (, ) is a type of kebab cooked on skewers. It is made from minced meat. It is a specialty of Armenian, Azerbaijani, and other cuisines of countries in South Caucasus, the Middle East, and Central Asia. | Mutton (or minced sheep and beef meat by 50:50)
Onion
Sheep tail fat
Salt
Pepper
Sumac (optional)
Lavash (optional) | [] | [
"Ingredients"
] | [
"Armenian cuisine",
"Azerbaijani cuisine",
"Skewered kebabs",
"Middle Eastern grilled meats"
] |
projected-56565514-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lula%20kebab | Lula kebab | Preparation | Lula kebab (, ) is a type of kebab cooked on skewers. It is made from minced meat. It is a specialty of Armenian, Azerbaijani, and other cuisines of countries in South Caucasus, the Middle East, and Central Asia. | The soft portion of the mutton is ground with onion using a meat grinder and mixed with pepper and salt. There should be 400 grams of onion in per 1 kilogram of minced meat. This ratio is followed, to make it stay on the skewer. The meat mash is mixed well and stored in a cold for an hour. Later the mince is extracted from the refrigerator and is mixed well. The mince is wrapped around the skewer. The mince gets slightly long form on a slightly wide skewer. Then it gets fried on coal barbecue, called a mangal. It's cooked for 10-15 minutes. The kebab is served between the lavash. Sprinkling sumac on it is optional. | [
"Lula kebab.jpg"
] | [
"Preparation"
] | [
"Armenian cuisine",
"Azerbaijani cuisine",
"Skewered kebabs",
"Middle Eastern grilled meats"
] |
projected-56565514-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lula%20kebab | Lula kebab | See also | Lula kebab (, ) is a type of kebab cooked on skewers. It is made from minced meat. It is a specialty of Armenian, Azerbaijani, and other cuisines of countries in South Caucasus, the Middle East, and Central Asia. | Kebab
Adana kebab
Şiş köfte
List of kebabs | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Armenian cuisine",
"Azerbaijani cuisine",
"Skewered kebabs",
"Middle Eastern grilled meats"
] |
projected-56565514-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lula%20kebab | Lula kebab | References | Lula kebab (, ) is a type of kebab cooked on skewers. It is made from minced meat. It is a specialty of Armenian, Azerbaijani, and other cuisines of countries in South Caucasus, the Middle East, and Central Asia. | Category:Armenian cuisine
Category:Azerbaijani cuisine
Category:Skewered kebabs
Category:Middle Eastern grilled meats | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Armenian cuisine",
"Azerbaijani cuisine",
"Skewered kebabs",
"Middle Eastern grilled meats"
] |
projected-56565519-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaslands | Gaslands | Introduction | Gaslands is a tabletop game of post-apocalyptic car combat published by Osprey Publishing in November 2017. It is designed to be played with toy cars, such as Matchbox and Hot Wheels die-cast vehicles. Players ram, skid and race their way through the wreckage of a burnt-out Earth. The game was designed by Mike Hutchinson.
The setting for the game is an alternate history where Mars was colonized in the 1980s. Tensions between Earth and Mars grew into all-out war, with Mars eventually emerging as the victor. In the setting of the game, "Gaslands" is a reality-TV show featuring car combat between desperate people seeking out an existence on the devastated Earth.
A second edition of the game, Gaslands Refuelled, was announced released in October 2019. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Wargames introduced in the 2010s",
"Post-apocalyptic games"
] | |
projected-56565519-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaslands | Gaslands | Awards | Gaslands is a tabletop game of post-apocalyptic car combat published by Osprey Publishing in November 2017. It is designed to be played with toy cars, such as Matchbox and Hot Wheels die-cast vehicles. Players ram, skid and race their way through the wreckage of a burnt-out Earth. The game was designed by Mike Hutchinson.
The setting for the game is an alternate history where Mars was colonized in the 1980s. Tensions between Earth and Mars grew into all-out war, with Mars eventually emerging as the victor. In the setting of the game, "Gaslands" is a reality-TV show featuring car combat between desperate people seeking out an existence on the devastated Earth.
A second edition of the game, Gaslands Refuelled, was announced released in October 2019. | Gaslands won both the Judges Award and the People's Choice Award for Best Miniatures Rules at the 2018 UK Game Expo. | [] | [
"Awards"
] | [
"Wargames introduced in the 2010s",
"Post-apocalyptic games"
] |
projected-56565524-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Love%20Trap%20%281929%20film%29 | The Love Trap (1929 film) | Introduction | The Love Trap is a 1929 American comedy film directed by William Wyler and starring Laura La Plante, Neil Hamilton and Robert Ellis. It was made as a part-sound film, with a soundtrack for the last few scenes. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1929 films",
"Films directed by William Wyler",
"1929 comedy films",
"1920s English-language films",
"American black-and-white films",
"Silent American comedy films",
"Universal Pictures films",
"1920s American films"
] | |
projected-56565524-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Love%20Trap%20%281929%20film%29 | The Love Trap (1929 film) | Synopsis | The Love Trap is a 1929 American comedy film directed by William Wyler and starring Laura La Plante, Neil Hamilton and Robert Ellis. It was made as a part-sound film, with a soundtrack for the last few scenes. | A young woman meets a millionaire, but his family suspect her of being a gold digger. | [] | [
"Synopsis"
] | [
"1929 films",
"Films directed by William Wyler",
"1929 comedy films",
"1920s English-language films",
"American black-and-white films",
"Silent American comedy films",
"Universal Pictures films",
"1920s American films"
] |
projected-56565524-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Love%20Trap%20%281929%20film%29 | The Love Trap (1929 film) | Cast | The Love Trap is a 1929 American comedy film directed by William Wyler and starring Laura La Plante, Neil Hamilton and Robert Ellis. It was made as a part-sound film, with a soundtrack for the last few scenes. | Laura La Plante as Evelyn Todd
Neil Hamilton as Paul Harrington
Robert Ellis as Guy Emory
Jocelyn Lee as Bunny
Norman Trevor as Judge Harrington
Clarissa Selwynne as Mrs. Harrington
Rita La Roy as Mary Harrington | [] | [
"Cast"
] | [
"1929 films",
"Films directed by William Wyler",
"1929 comedy films",
"1920s English-language films",
"American black-and-white films",
"Silent American comedy films",
"Universal Pictures films",
"1920s American films"
] |
projected-56565524-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Love%20Trap%20%281929%20film%29 | The Love Trap (1929 film) | Bibliography | The Love Trap is a 1929 American comedy film directed by William Wyler and starring Laura La Plante, Neil Hamilton and Robert Ellis. It was made as a part-sound film, with a soundtrack for the last few scenes. | Dick, Bernard F. City of Dreams: The Making and Remaking of Universal Pictures. University Press of Kentucky, 2015. | [] | [
"Bibliography"
] | [
"1929 films",
"Films directed by William Wyler",
"1929 comedy films",
"1920s English-language films",
"American black-and-white films",
"Silent American comedy films",
"Universal Pictures films",
"1920s American films"
] |
projected-06900735-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifixion%20%28disambiguation%29 | Crucifixion (disambiguation) | Introduction | Crucifixion is an ancient method of execution.
Crucifixion may also refer to:
The Crucifixion or crucifixion of Jesus, a first-century AD event central to the founding and beliefs of Christianity | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-06900735-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifixion%20%28disambiguation%29 | Crucifixion (disambiguation) | Music | Crucifixion is an ancient method of execution.
Crucifixion may also refer to:
The Crucifixion or crucifixion of Jesus, a first-century AD event central to the founding and beliefs of Christianity | "Crucify" (song), a 1992 song by Tori Amos from Little Earthquakes
"Crucified" (Army of Lovers song) (1991)
"Crucified" (Bella & Filippa song) (2017)
"Crucifixion" (song), a 1966 song by Phil Ochs from Pleasures of the Harbor
"Crucified" (Sevendust song) (2001)
"The Crucifixion" (Stainer), an 1887 Passion cantata or oratorio by John Stainer
"Crucifixion" or "He Never Said a Mumblin' Word", a spiritual song recorded by Lead Belly in 1945 and by Marian Anderson in 1951
"Crucifixion", a song from the 1971 rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice
"Crucified", a 1996 song by Accept from Predator
"Crucified", a 2010 song by Disturbed from Asylum
"Crucified", a 2015 song by Venom from From the Very Depths
"Crucified", a 2017 song by Eighteen Visions from XVIII | [] | [
"Music"
] | [] |
projected-06900735-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifixion%20%28disambiguation%29 | Crucifixion (disambiguation) | Paintings | Crucifixion is an ancient method of execution.
Crucifixion may also refer to:
The Crucifixion or crucifixion of Jesus, a first-century AD event central to the founding and beliefs of Christianity | Crucifixion (Antonello da Messina), any of three 15th-century paintings by Antonello da Messina
Crucifixion (Bellini), a 15th-century painting by Giovanni Bellini
Crucifixion (Francis Bacon, 1965), a 1965 triptych painting by Francis Bacon
The Crucifixion (Cranach), a 1532 painting by Lucas Cranach the Elder
Crucifixion (Corpus Hypercubus), a 1954 painting by Salvador Dalí
The Crucifixion (Gérôme), a 1867 painting by Jean-Léon Gérôme
Crucifixion (Heemskerck), 1543 painting by Maarten van Heemskerck
Crucifixion (Nabil Kanso), a 1983 painting by Nabil Kanso
Crucifixion (Mantegna), a 1450s painting by Andrea Mantegna
Crucifixion (Masaccio), a 1426 painting by Masaccio
Crucifixion (Modena), a 1375 painting by Barnaba da Modena
The Crucifixion (Pavias), a 15th-century painting by Andreas Pavias
Crucifixion, seen from the Cross, an 1880s painting by James Tissot
Crucifixion (Titian), a 1558 painting by Titian
Crucifixion Diptych (van der Weyden), a 1460s two-panel painting by Rogier van der Weyden
Crucifixion (van Dyck), a 1630 painting by Anthony van Dyck
Crucifixion (van Eyck), a 15th-century drawing attributed to Jan van Eyck
Crucifixion (after van Eyck?), a c. 1440-50 painting usually attributed to the workshop of Jan van Eyck | [] | [
"Paintings"
] | [] |
projected-06900735-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifixion%20%28disambiguation%29 | Crucifixion (disambiguation) | Other uses | Crucifixion is an ancient method of execution.
Crucifixion may also refer to:
The Crucifixion or crucifixion of Jesus, a first-century AD event central to the founding and beliefs of Christianity | The Crucifixion (film), a 2017 horror film by Xavier Gens | [] | [
"Other uses"
] | [] |
projected-06900735-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucifixion%20%28disambiguation%29 | Crucifixion (disambiguation) | See also | Crucifixion is an ancient method of execution.
Crucifixion may also refer to:
The Crucifixion or crucifixion of Jesus, a first-century AD event central to the founding and beliefs of Christianity | Christ Crucified (disambiguation)
Crucifixion between Sts. Jerome and Christopher, a 1480s painting by Pinturicchio
Crucifixion in the arts
Crucifixion With a Donor (Bosch), a 1480s painting by Hieronymus Bosch
Crucifixion with Pietà (Lotto), 1530 painting by Lorenzo Lotto | [] | [
"See also"
] | [] |
projected-06900745-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Collins%20%28Irish%20author%29 | Michael Collins (Irish author) | Introduction | Michael Collins (born 4 June 1964) is an Irish novelist and international ultra-distance runner. His novel The Keepers of Truth was shortlisted for the 2000 Booker Prize. He has also won the Irish Novel of the Year Award and the Lucien Barriere Literary Prize at the Deauville American Film Festival. Collins is a graduate of Oxford University. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1964 births",
"Date of birth missing (living people)",
"Living people",
"Irish expatriates in the United States",
"Irish male long-distance runners",
"Writers from Limerick (city)",
"Irish ultramarathon runners",
"Irish male novelists",
"Male ultramarathon runners"
] | |
projected-06900745-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Collins%20%28Irish%20author%29 | Michael Collins (Irish author) | Early life and education | Michael Collins (born 4 June 1964) is an Irish novelist and international ultra-distance runner. His novel The Keepers of Truth was shortlisted for the 2000 Booker Prize. He has also won the Irish Novel of the Year Award and the Lucien Barriere Literary Prize at the Deauville American Film Festival. Collins is a graduate of Oxford University. | Collins was born in Limerick. He earned an athletic scholarship to University of Notre Dame and received his PhD in Creative Writing from the Oxford University. | [] | [
"Early life and education"
] | [
"1964 births",
"Date of birth missing (living people)",
"Living people",
"Irish expatriates in the United States",
"Irish male long-distance runners",
"Writers from Limerick (city)",
"Irish ultramarathon runners",
"Irish male novelists",
"Male ultramarathon runners"
] |
projected-06900745-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Collins%20%28Irish%20author%29 | Michael Collins (Irish author) | Athletics | Michael Collins (born 4 June 1964) is an Irish novelist and international ultra-distance runner. His novel The Keepers of Truth was shortlisted for the 2000 Booker Prize. He has also won the Irish Novel of the Year Award and the Lucien Barriere Literary Prize at the Deauville American Film Festival. Collins is a graduate of Oxford University. | A former member of the Irish National Team for the 100k distance (62.2 miles), Collins holds the Irish national masters record over the 100k distance. As captain of the Irish National Team in 2010, he won a bronze medal at the World 100k Championships held in Gibraltar. He has also won The 100-mile Himalayan Stage Race and The Mount Everest Challenge Marathon, along with The Last Marathon in Antarctica, and The North Pole Marathon. | [] | [
"Athletics"
] | [
"1964 births",
"Date of birth missing (living people)",
"Living people",
"Irish expatriates in the United States",
"Irish male long-distance runners",
"Writers from Limerick (city)",
"Irish ultramarathon runners",
"Irish male novelists",
"Male ultramarathon runners"
] |
projected-06900745-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Collins%20%28Irish%20author%29 | Michael Collins (Irish author) | Works | Michael Collins (born 4 June 1964) is an Irish novelist and international ultra-distance runner. His novel The Keepers of Truth was shortlisted for the 2000 Booker Prize. He has also won the Irish Novel of the Year Award and the Lucien Barriere Literary Prize at the Deauville American Film Festival. Collins is a graduate of Oxford University. | The Meat Eaters (short stories, also published as The Man who Dreamt of Lobsters), 1992
The Life and Times of a Teaboy, 1993
The Feminists Go Swimming, 1994,
Emerald Underground, 1998
The Keepers of Truth, 2000
The Resurrectionists, 2003
Lost Souls, 2004
Death of a Writer (British title: The Secret Life of E. Robert Pendleton), 2006
Midnight in a Perfect Life (British title), 2010
The New Existence (British title: The Death of all Things Seen), 2016 | [] | [
"Works"
] | [
"1964 births",
"Date of birth missing (living people)",
"Living people",
"Irish expatriates in the United States",
"Irish male long-distance runners",
"Writers from Limerick (city)",
"Irish ultramarathon runners",
"Irish male novelists",
"Male ultramarathon runners"
] |
projected-56565541-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Poland | John Poland | Introduction | John Poland (born 21 November 1996) is an Irish rugby union player. He plays as a scrum-half for the New England Free Jacks in Major League Rugby (MLR) in the United States. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Living people",
"1996 births",
"Rugby union players from County Cork",
"People educated at Presentation Brothers College, Cork",
"Irish rugby union players",
"Sundays Well RFC players",
"Cork Constitution players",
"University College Cork RFC players",
"Munster Rugby players",
"New England Free ... |