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Poetry and philosophy What Plato says about poetry? As a moralist, Plato disapproves of poetry because it is immoral, as a philosopher he disapproves of it because it is based in falsehood. He is of the view that philosophy is better than poetry because philosopher deals with idea / truth, whereas poet deals with what appears to him / illusion. What does Socrates say about poetry? As a result of the imitative nature of poetry Socrates views the influence of poetry as pernicious as it teaches people to value the wrong things and encourages poor dispositions and character. What are the 4 main types of poetry? From sonnets and epics to haikus and villanelles, learn more about 15 of literature’s most enduring types of poems. Blank verse. Blank verse is poetry written with a precise meter—almost always iambic pentameter—that does not rhyme. Rhymed poetry. Free verse. Epics. Narrative poetry. Haiku. Pastoral poetry. Sonnet. What are the 3 major types of poetry? There are three major types of poetry: Narrative Poetry, Dramatic Poetry, and Lyric Poetry. Who said poetry is the mother of lies? What are the 4 major critical theories in literature? Who made a difference between poetry and poem? You might be interested:  Define philosophy of education What is the true essence of poetry? The human being is the essence of poetry . The essence of the human being resides in poetry . In poems we express something substantial belonging to ourselves, and we rediscover something substantial of ourselves. Why did Plato banished poetry? Plato is famous for having banished poetry and poets from the ideal city of the Republic. He banished them because they produced the wrong sort of poetry . What is the easiest type of poem to write? What is a Cinquain poem? What are the elements of a poetry? What is a 28 line poem called? Why is poetry so important? You might be interested:  Philosophy purity cleanser review How do you classify a poem? Three Classifications of Poetry THREE CLASSIFICATIONS OF POETRY By: Ma. Lorraine Dee A. Narrative Poems tells us a story. (Series of Events) A. Narrative Poems tells us a story. Narrative Poems tells us a story. Lyric Poems expresses an emotion. Lyric Poems expresses an emotion. Lyric Poems expresses an emotion. Lyric Poems expresses an emotion. Leave a Reply
Select Page Criminal Law University of Oklahoma College of Law Thai, Joseph  I.                  Principles of punishment                   A.                        Theories                                      1.                              General                                                        a.                                    Kent Greenawalt (Punishment):                                                                            i.                                          Punishment in some cases is a practical necessity for any system in which threats of punishment are to be taken seriously; and to that extent, the justification of punishment is inseparable from the justification of threats of punishment.                                                                          ii.                                          The dominant approaches to justification (for punishment) are retributive and utilitarian.                                                                                             1.                                                Retributivist: claims that punishment is justified because people deserve it. It is based on the principle that people who commit crimes deserve punishment (backward looking)                                                                                            2.                                                Utilitarian: believes that justification lies in the useful purposes that punishment serves. It is based on the sense that punishment is justified on the basis of the supposed benefits that will accrue from its imposition (forward looking)                                                                         iii.                                          Notes: Greenawalt notes 3 questions that retributivists and utilitarians seek to answer (shortened to 2):                                                                                            1.                                                What is the general justifying aim of the criminal justice system? And                                                                                            2.                                                To whom may punishment be applied and in what manner and amount?                                                                         iv.                                          Characteristics of punishment:                                                                                            1.                                                Performed by, and directed at agents who are responsible                                                                                            2.                                                It involves harmful or unpleasant consequences                                                                                            3.                                                The unpleasant consequences usually are preceded by judgment of condemnation.                                                                                            4.                                                It is imposed by one who has authority to do so                                                                                            6.                                                It is imposed on an actual or supposed violator of the rule of behavior                                      2.                              Utilitarian Justifications                                                        a.                                    Pain and pleasure. Punish for deterrence (specific and general). Goal is maximum pleasure.                                                       b.                                    Jeremy Bentham                                                                            i.                                          Pleasures, and the avoidance of pains are the ends which the legislator has in view. Pleasures and pains are the instruments he has to work with.   It behooves him to understand their value and force.                                                                          ii.                                          The value of a pleasure or pain considered by itself, will be greater or less, according to the 4 circumstances:                                                                                            1.                                                Its intensity                                                                                            2.                                                Its duration                                                                                            3.                                                Its certainty or uncertainty                                                                                            4.                                                Its propinquity or remoteness                                                                         iii.                                          All punishment is mischief. Upon the priciple of utility, if it ought to be admitted it should only be admitted in as far as it promises to exclude some greater evil.                                                                        iv.                                          Punishment shouldn’t be inflicted when it is:                                                                                            1.                                                Groundless, inefficacious, unprofitable, too expensive, needless                                                        c.                                    Kent Greenawalt                                                                            i.                                          In modern usage, utilitarianism is often employed to refer broadly to theories that likely consequences determine the morality of action.                                                                          ii.                                          Catalogs of beneficial consequences of punishment:                                                                                            1.                                                General deterrence                                                                                                              a.                                                      Knowledge that punishment will follow crime deters people from committing crimes, reducing future violations of right and the unhappiness and insecurity they would cause                                                                                                             b.                                                      With a properly developed penal code, the benefits to be gained from criminal activity would be outweighed by the harms of punishment, even when those harms were discounted by the probability of avoiding detection                                                                                            2.                                                Individual deterrence                                                                                                              a.                                                      The actual imposition of punishment creates fear in the offender that if he repeats his act, he will be punished again.                                                                                                             b.                                                      To deter an offender from repeating his actions, a penalty should be severe enough to outweigh in his mind the benefits of the crime. For the utilitarian, more severe punishment of repeat offenders is warranted partly because the first penalty has shown itself ineffective from the standpoint of individual deterrence                                                                                            3.                                                Incarcerating more people for longer terms is sometimes justified by the fact that incarcerated people can’t commit crimes while in prison (specific deterrence), and the increased likelihood of long sentences will dissuade others (general deterrence)                                                                         iii.                                          Incapacitation and other forms of risk management                                                                                            1.                                                Physically taking criminals out of circulation, or requiring supervision, drug tests, etc.                                                                        iv.                                          Reform                                                                                            1.                                                Punishment may help reform the criminal to be more happy and useful                                                                                                              a.                                                      Reform is usually conceived a         a.                                    The Queen v. Dudley and Stephens: castaways killed and ate a fellow castaway out of desperation. Court said necessity is no defense against murder                                                                            i.                                          The act isn’t just what merits the punishment, but also the motive/intent/thoughts                                                                          ii.                                          Punish because: morally reprehensible, socially undesirable.                                      2.                              Sentencing systems:                                                        a.                                    Indeterminate. A sentencing system is sometimes described as indeterminate if trial judges have broad sentencing discretion. The judge and not the legislature sets the appropriate punishment for each offender w/in very broad legislative imposed parameters. The purest version of indeterminate sentencing, the judge imposes an indeterminate sentence. The D doesn’t know how long he will be incarcerated, except w/in the broad parameters of the indeterminate sentence.                                                       b.                                    Determinate. Many states and fed. Courts have shifted toward a more determinate system. In some determinate sentencing jurisdictions, the legislature sets a specific sentence for each crime, although sometimes permitting a specified higher or lower sentence if specific aggravating or mitigating circumstances are proven. The convicted D goes to prison knowing exactly how long he will be incarcerated. Parole boards do not exist in these jurisdictions.                                                         c.                                    Other jurisdictions have enacted determinate sentencing programs through a system of sentencing guidelines rather than fixed sentences. In 1984 Congress enacted the Federal Sentencing Guidelines.   They were mandatory, but were held unconstitutional and are now only advisory.                                                       d.                                    An increasingly common legislative method for limiting judicial sentencing discretion is to enact mandatory min sentencing statutes. Such statutes provide that when a specified circumstance exists in connection w/ the commission of a crime, the judge is compelled to sentence the D to a prison sentence substantially longer than would otherwise be required.                   C.                        Proportionality of Punishment (slides 3)                                      1.                              General Principles                                                        a.                                    Kant continued:                                                                            i.                                          The undeserved evil which any one commits on another is to be regarded as perpetrated on himself. This is the right of retaliation and properly understood, it is the only principle which in regulating a public court, as distinguished from a private judgment can definitely assign both the quality and quantity of a just penalty                                                                          ii.                                          Whoever has committed murder must die.                                                        b.                                    Bentham continued:                                                                            i.                                          Punishment serves to prevent, to manage that no offense whatsoever may be committed.
Electrification The Silent Killer Can you even wildly imagine that power lines in your home or in your workplace can be a cause of cancer? If we are to accept what is coming out of research, then this is a dangerous reality. Power Lines And EMFs Lines that carry electricity, powerlines, have electric and magnetic fields around them. Together these fields form what we call electromagnetic fields or EMFs. Studies have revealed that there is a very strong link between exposure to electromagnetic radiation of power lines and incidence of both childhood and adult leukemia. Electricity Sickness So wherever you are living in close proximity to an electric line, be it your bedroom, or your workstation, or when you are traveling in transport run on electricity, you are increasing your risk of cancer. Electricity consumption is galloping at an incredible pace, all over the world. We have become totally dependent on electricity. Most people could not think of living without it. But I honestly believe, electrification has caused us more harm than good when it comes to our health. There is evidence of increasing incidences of conditions such as diabetes, depression, cardiac disorders, circulation problems and suicides, not to mention cancer, which clearly correlate with the intensification of electrification, over the years. I believe these illnesses are not due to lifestyle changes, as is generally argued, but are quite simply different manifestations of electricity sickness. Is Electricity Safe? Given this situation, two fundamental questions obviously come to mind : 1. How safe are our homes where we have so much electricity and electric lines around us? 1. What amount of exposure can be considered as safe? Our homes have low-voltage supplies. There are indications that these supplies account for around 77% of our exposure of moderate levels. On the other hand, supplies that run along the overhead power lines, which are usually high-voltage supplies, account for around 23% of exposure. There are no clear-cut indications on what could possibly be safe exposure. But one thing is clear – the higher the flow of current, the higher the electromagnetic radiation, and hence, the higher are your chances of being affected. Electricity Friend Or Foe? Electricity is indispensable, yet it can be detrimental to our health. This is a strange dichotomy that we have to accept. The key to this problem is, finding some way utilizing it whilst minimizing the health risk. Many Governments have already made laws about safe zones surrounding high-voltage electricity transmission and distribution lines. These laws are meant to regulate setting up of homes and establishments in the proximity of power lines. Why so often have these laws been flouted? Similarly, in homes, the layout of electricity wiring and furniture plans needs to be made in such a way so as to ensure that exposure over long periods of time while sleeping, reading, working or simply relaxing are brought down to bare minimum. Gradually there are people who are now waking up to this new threat. I’m one of them. I had to wake up about it, my body saw to that. What about you? Have you woken up to the dangers of electricity sickness? Add A Comment Leave a Reply
News Release Excessive drinkers, high income households pay majority of state alcohol tax increases Raising alcohol taxes is an effective strategy for reducing excessive drinking and alcohol-related harms Peer-Reviewed Publication Boston University School of Medicine BOSTON -- People who drink too much and those with higher household incomes would pay more following an increase in state alcohol taxes than those who drink less and have lower household incomes, according to a new study led by researchers at Boston Medical Center (BMC) and published today in the journal Preventing Chronic Disease, a publication of the CDC. Across all states, excessive drinkers would pay more than 5 times as much as nonexcessive drinkers on a per-person basis, and would pay nearly $3 in $4 of the increased cost of alcohol following the state alcohol tax increases examined in the study. Even the largest hypothetical tax increase ($0.25 per drink) would cost those who don't drink excessively an average of less than $10 per year. Additionally, the study found that drinkers who were non-Hispanic whites and those with higher household incomes would pay higher per capita costs than people with lower incomes and racial minorities, reflecting the fact that those with financial means tend to drink more than their counterparts. "This study shows that, contrary to popular opinion, alcohol tax increases don't unfairly burden those who drink less or are financially disadvantaged," said Tim Naimi, MD, MPH, physician and alcohol epidemiologist at BMC who is the lead author of the study. "This is important because many studies have found that raising the cost of alcohol through taxation greatly reduces excessive drinking and alcohol-related harms." Excessive alcohol consumption is responsible for approximately 88,000 deaths in the U.S. each year, including 1 in 10 total deaths among working-age adults, and cost the U.S. about $249 billion, or $2.05/drink in 2010, according to the CDC. For the purposes of this study, excessive drinking included binge drinking (four or more drinks on an occasion for women, five or more drinks on an occasion for men); consuming eight or more drinks a week for women or 15 or more drinks a week for men; or any alcohol use by those under the minimum legal drinking age of 21. Non-excessive drinkers may have consumed alcohol, but did so at levels below those used to define excessive drinking. Overall, about 1 in 5 U.S. adults were classified as excessive drinkers, and about 1 in 3 were classified as non-excessive drinkers. About 45% of U.S. adults were non-drinkers, who would not be affected by an alcohol tax increase. Researchers determined the change in the net cost of alcohol in all 50 states by studying a series of hypothetical alcohol tax increases ($0.05, $0.10, $0.25 per drink) to people based on drinking pattern and other characteristics using data from the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, IMPACT Databank and the Alcohol Policy Information System. "It is our hope that we can use this valuable information to educate policymakers and inform evidence-based public health practice to reduce excessive alcohol use and related harms," Naimi said. "It could also reduce the gap between the amount we pay in alcohol-related costs compared to the amount of revenue generated from alcohol taxes." This study was supported by contract no. 200-2011-40800 from the CDC. Additional information about the consumer costs and job impacts from state alcohol tax increases for specific states can be found on the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health website. About Boston Medical Center
Update (23 Feb 2021) Signs and symptoms to determine if a patient presenting in primary care or hospital outpatient settings has COVID‐19 23 Feb 2021 Can symptoms and medical examination accurately diagnose COVID‐19? COVID‐19 affects many organs of the body, so people with COVID‐19 may have a wide spectrum of symptoms. Symptoms and signs of the illness may be important to help them and the healthcare staff they come into contact with know whether they have the disease. Symptoms: people with mild COVID‐19 might experience cough, sore throat, high temperature, diarrhoea, headache, muscle or joint pain, fatigue, and loss or disturbance of sense of smell and taste. Signs are obtained by clinical examination. Signs of COVID‐19 examined in this review include lung sounds, blood pressure, blood oxygen level and heart rate. Often, people with mild symptoms consult their doctor (general practitioner). People with more severe symptoms might visit a hospital outpatient or emergency department. Depending on the results of a clinical examination, patients may be sent home to isolate, may receive further tests or be hospitalised. Why is accurate diagnosis important? Accurate diagnosis ensures that people take measures to avoid transmitting the disease and receive appropriate care. This is important for individuals as it reduces harm and it saves time and resources. What did we want to find out? We wanted to know how accurate diagnosis of COVID‐19 is in a primary care or hospital setting, based on symptoms and signs from medical examination. What did we do? We searched for studies that assessed the accuracy of symptoms and signs to diagnose COVID‐19. Studies had to be conducted in primary care or hospital outpatient settings only. Studies of people in hospital were only included if symptoms and signs were recorded when they were admitted to the hospital. The included studies We found 44 relevant studies with 26,884 participants. The studies assessed 84 separate signs and symptoms, and some assessed combinations of signs and symptoms. Three studies were conducted in primary care (1824 participants), nine in specialist COVID‐19 testing clinics (10,717 participants), 12 studies in hospital outpatient settings (5061 participants), seven studies in hospitalised patients (1048 participants), 10 studies in the emergency department (3173 participants), and in three studies the setting was not specified (5061 participants). No studies focused specifically on children, and only one focused on older adults. Main results The studies did not clearly distinguish between mild and severe COVID‐19, so we present the results for mild, moderate and severe disease together. The symptoms most frequently studied were cough and fever. In our studies, on average 21% of the participants had COVID‐19, which means in a group of 1000 people, around 210 would have COVID‐19. According to the studies in our review, in the same 1000 people, around 655 people would have a cough. Of these, 142 would actually have COVID‐19. Of the 345 who do not have a cough, 68 would have COVID‐19. In the same 1000 people, around 371 people would have a fever. Of these, 113 would actually have COVID‐19. Of the 629 patients without fever, 97 would have COVID‐19. The loss of sense of smell or taste also substantially increase the likelihood of COVID‐19 when they are present. For example, in a population where 2% of the people have COVID‐19, having either loss of smell or loss of taste would increase a persons’ likelihood of having COVID‐19 to 8%. How reliable are the results? Most studies were conducted in hospital settings, so the results may not be entirely representative of primary care settings. The results do not apply to children or older adults specifically, and do not clearly differentiate between disease severities. The results suggest that a single symptom or sign included in this review cannot accurately diagnose COVID‐19. However, the presence of loss of taste or smell may serve as a red flag for the presence of the disease. The presence of high temperature or cough may also be useful to identify people who might have COVID‐19. These symptoms may be useful to prompt further testing when they are present. Further research is needed to investigate combinations of symptoms and signs; and testing unselected populations, in primary care settings and in children and older adults. How up to date is this review? For this update of the review, the authors searched for studies published from January to July 2020.
We’ve heard a lot about motivation this year. How to keep it up during lockdown, how to find it in hard, lonely times. And we hear about it a lot in general. Here at Selfish Darlings, we’re always encouraging you to find motivation. Motivation for health and wellbeing, lifestyle and relationships. But for all the talk of being motivated, how much do we really understand what motivation is? Motivation (noun) • a reason or reasons for acting or behaving in a particular way. • desire or willingness to do something, enthusiasm. Synonyms of motivation include drive, incentive, ambition, stimulation. It derives from motive, from the late Latin motivus, from moevre, meaning to move. When we use the word nowadays, we often use it to understand why a person does something. It’s the process that helps us establish and complete certain goals or desires. But it is not something we have often, nor it is something we can draw upon at any time. Motivation is a response to stimuli which trigger the brain and move us towards productivity. These stimuli and these triggers can all vary. This means that we can’t pull motivation out of anywhere, it’s not a natural well we have inside ourselves to source from at any given point. Motivation has to be inspired by something and depending on what we want to achieve, we have to consider what things have inspired us before. Now, there is a hefty scientific explanation to with the brain, dopamine and nucleus accumbens that explains exactly what happens in the brain when we experience motivation. Put in very simple terms: dopamine is a neurotransmitter and the nucleus accumbens is the part of our brain used for reward behaviour. When the dopamine reaches this area in our brain, it predicts whether something good or bad is about to happen. This prediction is what prompts us to act in certain ways; to avoid the bad or maximise the good. Types of Motivation So, what stimuli out there triggers this process in our brain? Well, there are several. If you scour the internet, you’ll find lists from four to fourteen, but I’ve taken the liberty of narrowing it down for us here. The basic two types of motivator are intrinsic and extrinsic. • Intrinsic: Internal, simply put. This is the motivation that comes from inside of us. We do it because we want to do it, not because outside forces are driving us to. Often, we don’t have an end goal or outcome for these types of motivation, they’re more about us, and we do them because we enjoy doing it. Intrinsic motivators include creativity, curiosity, learning, meaning, love. These give us personal satisfaction, feelings of pride, acceptance or growth. • Extrinsic: External. The motivation that comes from outside of us. These motivators come from other people or outside forces, and they are not always our natural desires or motivation, but things we do usually because we have been told to do them. An extrinsic factor could be money, fear, competition, rewards, praise. These offer less personal satisfaction, more driven by outward appearance or success, and external measures of pride. These can overlap, often in regard to our careers, our relationships or how we do academically, for example. Doing well on a test can give us a feeling of internal pride, and also a nice gold sticker. We can also think about motivation in terms of push and pull. Things we do that push us towards a goal or pull us away. Finding Motivation The number of times I have been told that making your bed or going on a jog can motivate you is astonishing. But for a lot of people, it would work. And we’ve all been in one of those slumps where we just don’t feel like doing anything, so how do we find the motivation to crack on? Well, as I mentioned above, we need to stimulate our brain. Get inspired, get excited, set yourself small, easy tasks that give you a good hormone boost when you achieve them. In truth, there are hundreds of people out there with advice on getting motivated, any one of which can help with any specific problems, but at least now we know what motivation is. It’s not something we have an endless resource of, not something we can pull up out of nowhere. We do have to trigger it, from our own curious, creative excitement, or with external praise and stickers. Generally speaking, a motive is a need that requires satisfaction. A need that could be influenced by culture, lifestyle or society. A need could be acceptance, praise, love, exercise, social contact, status, independence, love or sometimes, hunger. When we have these needs, we find the motivation to fulfil them. Please note, that a lack of motivation can be a sign of depression, and if you think you might be depressed, do not hesitate to ask for help. Posted By  : The Hormona Team Our favorites Be the first one to know when we launch! About the author About the author Be the first one to know when we launch! You may also like
Fashion and power have moved hand-in-hand for thousands of years in what is now Mexico. In Oaxaca, textiles are the lifeblood of a multi-ethnic, cosmopolitan community, run mostly through local customs. Indigenous designers have used Oaxacan fashion to work toward collective liberation and colonial resistance for generations. Slide, 1961.  Location: Santiago Llano Grande  Photographer: Frances Bristol Zapotec women like Doña Isabel Saguilán have woven cloth on horizontal looms like this one for thousands of years. European colonizers brought vertical looms to Oaxaca, but horizontal looms are more portable because weavers can tie them to trees and belts. Weavers also have more control over the spacing of the threads on horizontal looms. Doña Isabel wears a short-sleeved white blouse and a tiered skirt while working under the shade of a tree. Women often wear outfits like this when traveling between urban and rural areas because huipiles (unisex tunic) may be restricted or attract too many prying eyes. This photo (right) of textile seller Fidel Diaz Valenciana and his family shows the clothes urban Indigenous people had to wear to appear respectable. Their clothing, emulating Western dress, changes the context of the photo. Even though Diaz Valenciana sells textiles to tourists every day, his family cannot show who they are through traditional clothes in a photo as important as this. The threat of losing respectability or being equated with the intellectually disabled because of the way they dress is an ever-present danger to Indigenous people. Slide, 1961 Location: Oaxaca City Photographer: Frances Bristol Indigenous people who assimilated were called gente de razón — "people of reason." The Mexican government used this language in documents until the late 1960s to dehumanize Indigenous people and culture.  That does not mean all is lost. The craft stays alive, even if Diaz Valenciana could not wear the clothing he makes for such a special occasion.
Feature Articles The Color Of Science Although the number of science and engineering (S&E) degrees earned by underrepresented minorities—African Americans, Native Americans, and Hispanic Americans—continues to slowly increase, their numbers are still small. According to the National Science Foundation, the number of S&E doctorates awarded to these minorities in 1990 was 831—just 6% of all S&E doctorates. In 1980, 559, or 4% of all S&E doctorates were earned by minorities. Of 63,087 engineering degrees granted in 1991-92, 7.4% went to African Americans, Hispanics, and American Indians. The National Action Council for Minorities in Engineering (NACME) contends that two-thirds of freshmen enrolling in engineering programs never complete their programs and half of those students drop out of college altogether. by Susan M. Reiss What “Waves” In A Lightwave? In this column, we have introduced experiments you can do with youngsters to help them understand a variety of light phenomena. Many of these articles have dealt with the characteristics and behavior of light, such as reflection, scattering, and color. A much more difficult question, in my opinion, is the very basic: What is light? In observing light phenomena with children, there are a lot of ways we can observe what light does. But to know what light is seems more difficult. I am not speaking so much of the wave/ particle quality, as of the simple idea of an electro-magnetic wave, and the concept of the existence of electric and magnetic fields. by Janet Shields An International “Aye” For Optical Drawing Standards As we have talked about international standardization efforts in optics, I often get the feeling that few people believe anything will ever come of this work. This feeling is understandable, since it has taken almost 14 years to finish and adopt ISO 10110, the optical drawing standard. However, the vote is in and all nine parts that were being voted on were approved, with only one country casting a negative vote on just two parts of the standard. In all, 12 countries took part in the voting, and it is interesting to see how international the vote was. In addition to seven votes from European countries, the balance came from China, India, Japan, South Africa, and the U.S. In several cases, the countries contributed nothing to the writing of the standard, yet voted for acceptance without even making comments on it. To me, this indicates an understanding that this will be the international optical drawing standard, and that these countries have accepted this and are ready to move ahead using the new standard. by Robert Parks Taking The Blur Out Of Autofocus Camera Mechanisms by Peter Carellas Manufacturing Low Cost Optoelectronic Components Why do some products sell well while others with considerable technical merit languish? For an optoelectronic product to be successful in the marketplace, several important elements must be simultaneously achieved. First, the performance of the product must meet customer needs. Second, the product should have excellent quality and reliability. Finally, the price must be sufficiently low that customers are willing to buy the product. Selling price is determined to a major extent by the product's cost—the dollars it takes to manufacture each unit of product. This article discusses how manufacturing costs are calculated and how the issues of volume, yields, complexity, process robustness, and packaging impact cost. It is written for those who have little or no knowledge about manufacturing costs and presents easy to remember "rules of thumb" that provide considerable insight into what one must consider to achieve low production cost. by Robert H. Weissman
Sweden’s goal to become a fossil-free welfare society with net-zero emissions by 2045 calls for a deep reconfiguration of social systems. Transitioning to fossil-free society will require changes in current consumption patters but also new practices with improved environmental and health benefits. These changes will disrupt the fundamentals of daily life such as food and transport. The impacts upon Swedish citizens will vary across socio-economic demographics, as well as gender and places of residence, which is why it is essential to identify policies that allow for a just transition. The project aims to further knowledge on how Sweden can govern the transition to a fossil-free welfare state. The research will investigate: • The differences in climate change footprints across socio-economic and demographic groups, gender and geographic regions in Sweden. • The equity implications that arise from likely changes to consumption patterns across socio-economic groups, gender and geographies during the transition to a fossil-free society. • How to govern a fair transition to a fossil-free welfare society. Partners and Funders The project is funded by Formas and will last 3 years.
Can a generator damage electronics? Can a generator damage electronics? A generator will not damage your electronic devices if you use an inverter generator because inverter generators produce clean energy that is reliable. Take your time when choosing a generator. Everyone has different electrical needs, and this can greatly affect which generator is right for you. How do I protect my appliances with a generator? Is It Possible to Make A Generator Safe? 1. Install Surge Protectors. 2. Install A Power Surge Arrestor. 3. Install an Uninterruptible Power Supply. 4. Set the Inverter Generator on a Level Surface. 5. Never Attempt to Back-feed Power into the Home. 6. Make Savvy Purchases. 7. Keep It Dry at All Times. 8. Manage the Electronic Devices Properly. Will a surge protector protect my TV when using a generator? You can plug your appliances directly into the generator or use an outdoor-rated extension cord rated for the watts carried. A surge protected power strip can help protect your appliances from damaging surges. Do not operate your generator at maximum wattage for more than 30 minutes. Can you plug electronics into a generator? You can safely operate appliances plugged directly into the generator. You can power your refrigerator, power tools, and computers (for example) by running long extension cords to the generator. Start the generator, and plug the cords into it. Then go inside and plug the loads into the extension cord. Is it safe to run sensitive electronics on a generator? Answer: Many portable generators are not entirely safe to use with sensitive electronics such as TVs and computers. The power can be uneven and the surges and voltage fluctuations can fry sensitive circuits, especially if the generator runs out of gas and stutters. What kind of generator is safe for electronics? Using an inverter generator is the easiest way to make generator power safe for electronics on a reasonable budget. With conventional generators, it’s best to add additional surge protection devices to give your electronics the clean power they need and protect them from damage. Do I need a surge protector for my generator? Will a generator damage my household appliances? Overloading a generator could damage your appliances. Don’t run appliances or other electronic equipment unnecessarily. Never refuel a running generator, even a generator with a still-hot engine because heat from the engine parts or exhaust could ignite the gasoline. Does my inverter generator need a surge protector? Over-voltage failures can happen anywhere, anytime, no matter what you’re plugged into. So an advanced surge protector (called EMS or Total Electrical Protection) is your best friend since it will shut down the over-voltage before it can ever reach your RV’s electrical system. What is dirty power from generator? What does open ground mean on a surge protector? “Open ground” means discontinuity between the ground wire arriving at the surge protector and the Earth (which behaves as a large electrical “sink” where excess current can be dumped in case of malfunctions to protect the user, etc), so it’s something important that you should investigate and fix. Is it safe to use a generator for electronics? The good news is that generators are safe for electronics because of features that ensure power does not surge through the circuits. This makes the power coming out of the socket just as safe as what normally comes out. How can I protect my portable generator from EMP? Install MOV (metal-oxide-varistor) transient protectors on portable generators. Use UPS equipment to protect electronics from an EMP spike. Use blocking devices. Braid or twist wire runs so they cancel induced voltages. Use hybrid in-line protection devices (e.g., band-pass filter followed by lightning arrestor). How to protect my gear when using a generator? “I’ve read lots of blogs but surge protection didn’t really come up, maybe because the generators used are newer “clean” power ones. I have no idea how to protect my kit or where to hire or buy the protection. I certainly don’t want to blow up my kit!” Can a surge protector be used on a generator? It is a safe practice to use a surge protector even when using the main power supply in your home, but a surge protector can also add an extra layer of protection to your devices when using an inverter generator. This surge protector has 12 outlets and a long cord so you can use it to plug in and protect all your devices in one area.
Is rubber band harmful? Is rubber band harmful? Not fun. And that’s not the worst of it. Those unsuspecting folks who wear them on their wrists are actually in danger of contracting an infection due to excess bacteria and raw or irritated skin. Better to keep them in our locks, even though elastics are known for damaging hair, too. Do rubber bands have plastic? Answer 2: Rubber bands are made of natural rubber. Natural rubber is made of long chains of molecules called polymers. Most plastic materials have some elasticity, but the amount the material will stretch depends on the type of polymer and length, etc. What does wearing rubber bands on your wrist mean? For many years people have used a rubber band placed around their wrist to help them successfully break bad habits and therefore make a change to their life. Pull and then let go of the rubber band so it twangs the sensitive skin of your wrist causing you mild discomfort. Is it bad to keep a rubber band on your wrist? When you put a rubber band on your wrist, you pinch the blood vessels. This interferes with the normal movement of blood in the body. As a result, you could develop carpal tunnel syndrome which manifests itself in prolonged pain and numbness of the fingers. What is stronger plastic or rubber? A polymer, Rubber is a material that is either acquired through natural means i.e. rubber plants or by using petroleum oil whereas A polymer, Plastic is a material that has the power to be shaped and formed by the appliance of warmth and pressure. In terms of toxicity, rubber is more toxic than plastic. What is the record for the largest rubber band ball? The largest rubber band ball weighs 4,097 kg (9,032 lb), was made by Joel Waul (USA) and was measured in Lauderhill , Florida, USA, on 13 November 2008. The measurement took place during the celebrations of Guinness World Records Day 2008. What things can be made from rubber? Many things are made from rubber, like gloves, tires, plugs, and masks . A few things can be made only from rubber. Sometimes the word means only natural rubber (latex rubber). Natural rubber is made from the white sap of some trees such as the Hevea brasiliensis (Euphorbiaceae). Other elastomers, called synthetic rubbers, are made by chemical processe How are rubber band balls manufactured? Processing natural latex. – Impurities such as tree sap and debris are filtered out and combined with acetic or formic acid to form slabs. • Mixing and milling. – Slabs are machine cut into small pieces. • Extrusion. – Rubber sheets are cut into strips. • Curing. • Cutting. • Quality Control. What is the diameter of a rubber band? Generally, rubber bands are numbered from smallest to largest, width first. Thus, rubber bands numbered 8-19 are all ​ 1⁄16 inch wide, with lengths going from ​ 7⁄8 inch to ​ 3 1⁄2 inches. Rubber band numbers 30-35 are for width of ​ 1⁄8 inch, going again from shorter to longer. Nov 24 2019
Can Eating Like Our Grandparents Make Us Healthier? In today’s world, we have access to many different types of food, especially those of us who live in large, bustling cities. We can walk down a city block and find Mexican food, Chinese food, burgers and fries, to name just a few. While some would argue that variety is the spice of life, there is also a lot to be said for sticking to your culinary roots. Stephen Le, a biological anthropologist based in Canada, has recently written a book entitled 100 Million Years of Food: What Our Ancestors Ate and Why It Matters Today. In his book, Le states the importance of eating what our ancestors ate for optimal health.  Le writes that humans don’t, on average, consume more calories today than past generations. He adds that our metabolism rates are faster today, so that even if we do eat more calories, our bodies should be able to burn them. According to Le, this means that the food we are eating today, compared to the food of our ancestors, is the dividing factor.  In essence, Le’s point is that up until just a few generations ago, people only ate the foods that could be produced in their region. Each culture therefore adapted to eating that particular group of foods. He states that because we have access to so many different foods now, we are eating a much more varied diet, which is a far cry from the diet of our ancestors. As a result, our bodies may not be equipped to reap the benefits of all these foods.  The authors of a report titled “2013 Diabetes Atlas for the Region of Peel” (Ontario) wrote:  “Migration may influence the risk of diabetes through nutrition transition (i.e., a move from a diet rich in fruits and vegetables to a Western diet rich in fats, meat, processed foods and salt), changes in physical activity levels and stress.”  It is this “nutrition transition” that Le focuses on. He states that a “one size fits all” healthy diet does not exist, and that we’re better off eating the foods that our grandparents ate. If our grandparents ate meat and potatoes, for example, we should do the same. If our grandparents’ dinners consisted of fish and veggies, we would do well to follow suit.  Le also stresses that eating foods sourced close to home may be much better than seeking out the latest healthy food craze. He focuses on the importance of balanced, traditional meals. It’s certainly safe to say that most of our grandparents emphasized a balanced diet. They did not rely on processed foods; they cooked at home from scratch, with real ingredients. This is definitely a healthy way to eat. However, if the diet of your heritage isn’t appealing to you, Le advises picking one traditional diet and sticking to it. While there is a lot of wisdom in eating like our grandparents (or great-grandparents depending on your age), a little variety isn’t necessarily a bad thing, especially if it includes nutritious, real foods. It is certainly better than the pitfalls of today’s Western diet, which relies on processed carbs and sugars. It is also better than eating out at restaurants, where food is often cooked in unhealthy oils, and contains sugar and processed additives (thanks to bottled sauces, etc.), which negatively affect the nutritional value of the food. Le’s research brings up a lot of good points. It would be interesting to see a study that compares the benefits of a diet comprising a variety of homemade foods from different cultures — made with real ingredients and no processed additives — with the benefits of a single ancestral diet that’s also made with whole foods. I wonder if the traditional ancestral diet would in fact be considered healthier. —Tanya Rakhmilevich Recommended Articles
How a Line of Credit Works Lines of Credit Are Different Than a Standard Loan Image shows four icons: a home sitting on top of money, a hand signing a second mortgage application, a credit card bill, and an ATM in overdraft. Text reads: "4 types of lines of credit: Home equity lines of credit (HELOC): Borrow as much money as you need with your home's equity as collateral. Home equity loans: Borrow the maximum amount in one shot with your home's equity as collateral. Credit card lines of credit: Borrow money within your credit card limit. Overdraft lines of credit: Borrow small amounts of money when you overdraft your checking account." The Balance / Maddy Price A line of credit is a pool of money that you can borrow from as you need. A credit card is a common example, but there are other types of lines of credit. You have a set amount of money that you've been approved to spend, but you don't have to borrow it (or pay interest on it) until you decide you need the funds. How Do Lines of Credit Work? Your line of credit will have a "draw period" and a "repayment period." The draw period is the time that you have access to the credit—you can borrow money. This stage might last for 10 years or so, depending on the details of your agreement with the lender. You'll repay the principal and interest on the loan during the repayment period. However, you will also be expected to make minimum payments during the draw period. A portion of those payments will go toward reducing your interest costs. The portion of your payments that go toward the principal can be added back to your credit line for future borrowing, but this replenishing effect isn't the case with all lines of credit. With some lenders, your payments during the draw period will represent only interest. This is another factor that will depend on the specifics of your credit line agreement. The major difference between the draw period and your repayment period is that, when you enter the repayment period, you'll be given a set period within which you're expected to pay off your entire debt. As you look toward your repayment period, use our loan calculator to understand the long-term cost of your line of credit: When Are These Lines of Credit Appropriate? Few consumers can state with absolute certainty that they'll be employed next month or otherwise ensure the exact same amount of income. Still, you should be as sure of this as possible before you commit to any type of loan, including a line of credit. Like any loan, it's rarely advisable to take out a line of credit for "wants" rather than "needs." That means it probably isn't a good idea to use a line of credit to fund a dream vacation or major shopping spree. Reserve this option for major purchases and financial emergencies such as higher education or situations in which you need to consolidate high-interest credit card debt into one payment with lower interest rates. It's also common to use lines of credit to repair or renovate a home. If you're taking out the line of credit to help meet monthly expenses, your finances could quickly spiral into debt. Paying off this month's expenses with debt is just going to increase next month's expenses. Tips for Successful Borrowing • As with most types of lending, your credit score can be critical. If your score isn't great now, you might want to delay taking out a line of credit, if possible. Take steps to improve your score so you get better terms on a line of credit loan. • Know exactly what you're getting into. Not all lines of credit are created equally, and not all assert the same terms. Shop for the best deal with your personal situation in mind. Compare your options. Secured or Unsecured? Lines of credit are typically "unsecured," but some are "secured," which means that the borrower is required to put up collateral. The lender will place a lien against some item of your property, typically your home or your vehicle, but you might also be able to pledge a bank account or a certificate of deposit. The lien acts as security if you default. The lender can foreclose or repossess your collateral if you fail to perform under the terms of the loan. Lines of Credit vs. Personal Loans Lines of Credit vs. Personal Loans Lines of Credit Personal Loans May cost more May cost less Borrowed amount is flexible Borrowed amount is set Borrowed amount is disbursed gradually Borrowed amount is disbursed in a single lump-sum A line of credit will typically cost you a bit more in the way of interest than a personal loan would, at least if it's unsecured. Taking out a personal loan involves borrowing a set amount of money in one lump sum. You can't go on paying the principal back then reusing it as you can with a credit card or a line of credit. Types of Lines of Credit There are four main types of lines of credit: home equity lines, home equity loans, credit cards, and overdrafts. Learn more about each below. Home Equity Lines One of the most common lines of credit for consumers is a home equity line of credit (HELOC). This is a secured loan. Your home's equity—the difference between its fair market value and your mortgage balance—serves as the collateral. Your HELOC forms a lien against your property, just like your first mortgage. Your credit limit is determined by your loan-to-value ratio, your credit scores, and your income. These loans are popular because they allow you to borrow relatively large amounts at relatively low interest rates compared to credit cards or unsecured loans. Banks consider these loans to be quite safe because they assume you'll repay the line of credit to avoid losing your home in foreclosure. Home Equity Loans A HELOC is similar to a home equity loan, but there are some important differences, and the two should not be confused. A HELOC is generally more flexible than a home equity loan. You only borrow what you need when you need it, and you can typically go back for more money if you need to—assuming you stay below your maximum credit limit. You might use a checkbook or payment card to access the money. You'll only pay interest on any outstanding loan balance you've borrowed with a HELOC. You get the money all in one shot with a home equity loan, sometimes referred to as a "second mortgage." You'll get the entire maximum loan amount in one lump sum, and you'll have to pay interest on the entire loan balance from the inception. In other words, home equity loans are more like traditional loans rather than lines of credit. The only difference is that, after you've repaid your home equity loan, you will have replenished the equity in your home, and you can take out another home equity loan. Your monthly payments will typically remain the same each month with a home equity loan. Like a mortgage, you can have a fixed interest rate or one that only changes periodically. A HELOC, on the other hand, will have a variable rate that can frequently change so that the monthly payments can vary. As with a HELOC, your home acts as collateral, and the lender can foreclose if you default. Credit Card Lines of Credit Your credit card is effectively a line of credit. You get to borrow up to a maximum limit. As you repay what you borrowed, that maximum limit is replenished. You can repeat this cycle of borrowing and repaying numerous times. A major difference with credit cards compared to other lines of credit is that you'll most likely pay an increased interest rate if you try to take cash. These "cash advances" typically come with different rates than when someone directly charges a purchase at the point of sale. Overdraft Lines of Credit Another line of credit is the overdraft line of credit. These lines of credit are typically available for your checking account. It's essentially a small loan that is only triggered if you spend more than you have available in your account. The amount of the loan is just enough to bring your account back in the black again. It's usually less expensive than an overdraft fee, assuming you only overdraw by a few bucks.
Skip to main content A handout picture taken on May 3, 2017 and released on May 8, 2017 shows wind turbines at the Gemini windpark, an offshore wind farm in the North Sea.-/AFP / Getty Images Mark Winfield is a professor of environmental studies at York University The large-scale electrification of transportation and other energy-based services is widely seen as an important element of efforts to significantly reduce greenhouse-gas emissions produced by the combustion of fossil fuels. Major reductions in those emissions will be essential to meeting the requirements of the Paris Agreement on climate change, which the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has termed "dangerous." The focus on electrification has emerged at a time of three major technological revolutions in the electricity industry. Over the past decade, we have witnessed dramatic declines in the costs of renewable-energy technologies, particularly wind, solar photovoltaic (PV) and thermal technologies, while the performance of these technologies has been improving. Similar developments have been occurring around energy-storage technologies. Batteries, mechanical systems such as compressed air and flywheels, as well thermal and gas-based technologies have seen significant breakthroughs in cost and technological performance. Finally, the emergence of "smart" electricity grids, through the digitization of communications and control systems, has the potential to lead to more adaptive and resilient electricity systems. Such systems will be better able to co-ordinate and integrate smaller-scale and geographically-distributed energy-generation and storage technologies into reliable, grid-scale resources. These three developments have the potential to make energy systems more environmentally and economically sustainable than is currently the case. They will be able to make better use of renewable low-carbon energy sources, be more reliable and resilient through the greater use of distributed and technologically diverse energy sources, have greater ability to adapt to changing circumstances and needs and have the potential to offer greater control to consumers. While the technological elements needed to realize this potential are coming together rapidly, the required policy and institutional arrangements are evolving much more slowly. The full attainment of the sustainable-energy potential of these developments will require new business models for utilities, and the recognition of new types of actors and service providers in energy markets and systems. A key focus of discussions in the United States and Europe around these developments has been the issue of aggregation services. This involves the co-ordination and integration of distributed energy production and storage resources, such as rooftop solar-PV systems, household or commercial-building scale energy-storage systems, such as Tesla Powerwalls, and electric vehicles with substantial battery storage capacity, into useful resources at the local, regional and national levels. There are several dimensions to the creation of these sorts of "virtual power plants." Information and communications technologies are needed to monitor, control and co-ordinate distributed resources. Technological developments in these areas are moving rapidly. The questions of who will provide these integration and co-ordination services, and how they will be paid to provide them, are emerging as significant challenges. Except for limited purposes such as peak-demand shaving, distributed resource-aggregation functions fall outside of the current rules for electricity systems in North America and Europe. There are generally no structures for the offering of bundles of services as energy suppliers, managing and co-ordinating cumulative output of distributed generation and storage when more electricity is needed, conservation and demand management resources, reducing grid demand by relying on distributed generating and storage capacity and ancillary services such as grid-frequency regulation. The issue of the role of aggregation services is now moving to the forefront of the future design of electricity markets and systems. A paper issued by the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) just before the arrival of the Trump administration proposed that aggregators of distributed generation and storage resources be treated as a new form of actor in electricity markets, with appropriate mechanisms to pay for their services. Similar proposals are being discussed in Germany as part of that country's Energiewende or energy transition. Here in Canada, Ontario's local hydro companies (also known as local distribution companies or LDCs), have proposed that they be permitted to function as "fully integrated network orchestrators (FINOs)" in relation to these kinds of activities, something which the current electricity-market rules in Ontario do not fully enable them to do. Some of Ontario's LDCs have been in the forefront of efforts to integrate and co-ordinate household-level renewable-energy generation and energy-storage technologies. A technological revolution in energy systems is now under way. How governments respond to these developments will have a major impact on the shape of future energy systems, and their role in enabling us to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement. Research for this article was conducted as part of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) –funded Network on Storage Technology (NEST) project. Report an error Editorial code of conduct
602 11 AVE SW #320, Calgary AB, T2R 1J8 +1 877-888-9929 How to Manage Social Anxiety cartoon man having social anxiety How to Manage Social Anxiety Social situations aren’t always comfortable. Even for the most confident people, there would be at least one social situation in their lives where they have felt nervous…and that’s okay! It’s normal for some social events like public speaking, going on a date or joining a new exercise class to evoke a little anxiety. However, if this type of anxiety begins to have a negative effect on your daily life and relationships it can be suggestive of a social anxiety disorder. (ps. check out some of our thoughts on anxiety HERE) What is social anxiety disorder? Social anxiety disorder is characterized by an extreme fear of, and anxiety within social situations or situations where you are required to perform. What distinguishes social anxiety disorder from normal nerves is that the level of anxiety (and associated symptoms) experienced with social anxiety disorder is much higher than would normally be expected within that particular situation and that fear doesn’t go away. For someone experiencing this disorder, simple social situations like grabbing a coffee with a friend can become so frightening and cause such severe anxiety symptoms that they become extremely unpleasant. So unpleasant, that if given the opportunity to avoid the situation, someone suffering from social anxiety disorder will almost always choose to do so. Social anxiety disorder involves experiencing both physical and psychological symptoms leading up to and during social events. The physical symptoms include excessive sweating, stomach upset (including nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea), trembling, light headedness, blushing and even stuttering. Psychological symptoms consist of a fear that someone will notice that you’re uncomfortable (that is that they will notice you experiencing the above symptoms), low self-esteem, excessive concern around your appearance and excessive worry surrounding social events. What is the cause? There is no one particular thing that’s been found to cause social anxiety disorder. However, there are some things believed to contribute to someone developing the disorder. Family history for instance. So if a direct family member suffers from social anxiety disorder, your chances of developing the disorder are higher. Particular personalities can also be at higher risk than others. If you’re naturally shy, you may be more likely to experience social anxiety than someone who is outgoing and confident. Also, as with many other anxiety disorders, social anxiety disorder can be brought on by a negative event (or series of negative events). We all learn from our experiences, and sadly if those experiences are not very positive, it can have very damaging effects. Managing social anxiety If you’ve read the above and feel like you might be having some trouble with social anxiety, you’ll be happy to hear that there are ways to treat it. Like anything else, managing social anxiety begins with understanding how anxiety works. So let’s dive into that first… An often-forgotten truth about anxiety is that it is not actually a bad thing. Anxiety (and all the lovely symptoms that come along with it) is our body’s natural response to danger. Every symptom we experience when anxious, from the increased heart rate and sweating, to the racing thoughts and stomach upset, has a function in preparing our body to either fight or flee from danger. A problem only occurs when our mind triggers this same response when there isn’t actually any life-threatening danger (your brain only thinks there is). For example, let’s say you had a really hard time at school and tended to be picked on by the other children. From this experience, your brain might develop the belief that being in a social situation is dangerous. Even though this behaviour happened at school, quickly your brain may begin to label all social situations with a big red “danger” sign. Then, regardless of whether it is a bad experience or not, the next time you’re in a social situation, this label (and fear) is enough to trigger anxiety symptoms. Those anxiety symptoms will then make it an unpleasant experience and therefore confirm your belief that being social is dangerous. Thus, the vicious cycle of social anxiety begins. So how do you break the cycle? Breaking the vicious cycle of social anxiety disorder consists of three goals. 1) First, you’ll need to find some ways to reduce the physical anxiety symptoms you experience. This might involve learning some relaxation techniques such as breathing exercises, meditation or muscle relaxing exercises. 2) Once you’re feeling a little more comfortable, then you go after the thoughts. Often with social anxiety disorder, somewhere along the way your brain has decided to misinterpret something as dangerous when it’s really not. This leads to lots of unhelpful thoughts about social situations and how other’s view you, that aren’t necessarily true (like thinking your friends don’t actually like you, everyone will just be bored by you or thinking you’re just going to make a fool of yourself so it’s not worth going). Tackling social anxiety disorder means confronting these thoughts for what they are (unhelpful and inaccurate) and helping your brain to think about social situations in a more helpful and realistic way. 3) Finally, you need to give your brain the opportunity to learn that social situations don’t need to be labelled as dangerous. This can be a daunting step as it involves actually participating in these feared situations and rather than avoiding them. By providing your brain with positive examples of social experiences, it begins to break that connection between social experiences and danger. This means that you will no longer associate social events with negative experiences, therefore reducing your unhelpful thoughts and physical symptoms all in one step. However, as this step involves enduring some uncomfortableness and actually approaching your fears, it is important that you complete steps one and two first. Next steps… If you feel you may be struggling with social anxiety disorder, please seek some counselling through a therapist. A qualified therapist is trained in being able to recognize the unhelpful thinking patterns behind social anxiety and can support you in working towards a more helpful thinking style. They will also be able to guide you towards developing the coping and relaxation skills needed to reduce your symptoms. Once you’re armed with these skills, your therapist will then be able to work out a step by step plan with you to ease you back into social situations gradually. Tackling social anxiety this way means you have all the bases covered and you have the support and expertise of your therapist to help you navigate your way through those trickier or more daunting steps. If you feel like you’d like some support around social anxiety, book a session with one of our therapists today.
Present studies supply a perspective that is new what causes poverty traps We examine exactly exactly exactly how chronic financial obligation impacts cashland loans title loans behavior by learning exactly exactly how a big, unanticipated credit card debt relief system impacted emotional functioning and economic choice making in beneficiaries. A charity provided low earnings households debt settlement worth as much as Singapore bucks 5,000 3 month’s home income). We exploited variation that is quasiexperimental the dwelling of credit card debt relief: for similar buck quantity of relief, some beneficiaries had more debt accounts eliminated, although some had fewer paid down. Comparing 196 beneficiaries pre and post credit card debt relief, and controlling for debt settlement quantity, having a debt that is additional reduced improves cognitive functioning by about one quarter of a SD and decreases the probability of displaying anxiety by 11% as well as current bias by 10%. To achieve the exact same impact on intellectual functioning of eliminating one financial obligation account, a beneficiary must get credit card debt relief worth 1 month’s home earnings. Leer más
Research Summaries: Self-Discipline Gives Girls the Edge: Gender in Self-Discipline, Grades, and Achievement Test Scores Today’s post summarizes a paper by Angela Duckworth and Martin Seligman, that parses the same set of data, as obtained in their earlier paper (see research summary of that paper here), to come up with new insights about gender differences in self-control and scholastic achievement. Dangal (Photo credit: Wikipedia) 1. Girls, typically outperform boys when it comes to getting good grades overall and within each subject. this is true of US; however from what I have seen of Indian board results, the same is true of almost every board exam in India, be it CBSE, ICSE or State Boards. 2. The girls however do not outperform boys on achievement tests like SAT or on ability test like IQ tests. 3. If one were to assume that achievement and ability test are a better measure and can be used for predicting the grades, then girls grades as predicted by IQ etc fall shorter of what they actually achieve; and boys typically achieve lower actual grades that those predicted on the basis of their IQ. This phenomena is called underprediction and overprediction respectively. 4. Traditional accounts of explaining this gender gap focus on how boys are better at achievement tests and are at an advantage. For example, as boys are expected to do better on such tests, girls face ‘stereotype threat’ which leads to poor performance by girls. 5. Angela set out to find whether the undeprediction of grades for girls, and the advantage that girls have over boys when it comes to grades, might be due to gender differences in self-control. Specifically she surmised that girls are more self-controlled than boys and this factor could partially explain the female advantage when it comes to grades. 6. I had lamented in my earlier research summary, that Anglea hadn’t defined self-control; she does in this paper: 7. We use the terms self-discipline and self-control interchangeably, defining both as the ability to suppress prepotent responses in the service of a higher goal and further specifying that such a choice is not automatic but rather requires conscious effort. Examples of self-discipline include deliberately modulating one’s anger rather than having a temper tantrum, reading test instructions before proceeding to the questions, paying attention to a teacher rather than daydreaming, saving money so that it can accumulate interest in the bank, choosing homework over TV, and persisting on long-term assignments despite boredom and frustration. 8. Parsing the data from previous study they found that indeed VIII class girls outperformed boys when it came to grades achieved; that their grades were underpredicted if one looked at achievement test results; girls were more self-controlled than boys and that gender differences in self-control partially mediated the relationship between gender and grades. In study 2, they had administered an IQ test also, and that too underpredicted girls’ grades. 9. To me, if we put the two papers together, one showing that self-control trumps IQ, and the second showing that girls have an advantage in grades due to self-control over boys, and we club this with the fact that in some IQ tests etc boys show a greater variance than girls on IQ, I think a safe bet for boys, is not to rely too much on IQ, but develop self-control too.  Both intelligence and self-control are immensely malleable, and depending on the type of test / grade that my be more meaningful criteria of academic achievement for you, you should develop either or both- but most important do not compromise on your love of learning, curiosity and creativity while being lured by these indices of scholastic achievement- these are way too important in their own way and without being a means to an end. Effecient Related Posts:
Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) Test Description:  sIgA is secreted by all mucosal lymphoid tissue, and represents the first line of defense of the GI mucosa. Deficient levels of sIgA can result in the increased uptake of intestinal pathogens or macromolecules, and stimulate a systemic immune response. Measuring levels of sIgA can provide the link between gut disorders and systemic illness.
Can Artificial Intelligence Really Read Your Emotions? Photo Credit: Conceptual image of the brain. Brain and digital. (Photo by: BSIP/Universal Images Group via Getty Images) Can Artificial Intelligence Really Read Your Emotions? When it comes to artificial intelligence, developers make a lot of bold claims about what their programs can do.  It’s quickly become a part of our every-day lives, especially with the rise of the ever-controversial facial recognition technology. There’s even software advertised to read your emotions and even predict criminality. What these types of claims show aren’t the endless possibilities of AI, but how the technology is used to legitimize pseudosciences, or believes that claim to be based in science. Generally, the idea that AI can read your emotions is referred to as “affect recognition.” It builds on the pseudoscience of phrenology, which is an offshoot of physiognomy, or the idea that you can judge character based on someone’s appearance. As noted by Dr. Richard Firth-Godbehere, physiognomy helped to provide the scientific justification for many prejudices. For example, U.S. physician James W. Redfield’s 1852 book, Comparative Physiognomy, compares various groups to animals, including “of Negroes to Elephants,” “of Jews to goats,” and more. The idea that AI can legitimately read emotions has become so entrenched that VCs are giving funding to companies making these claims. Last year, Realeyes, a company that “reads” people’s emotional responses as they watch videos, raised $16.2 million in funding. Used for marketing, TechCrunch reported that Realeyes added customers like Coca-Cola and Mars to its list. However, in a 2018 report, NYU research institute AI Now responded to the claims of reading emotion, mental health, and more with the following: “These claims are not backed by robust scientific evidence, and are being applied in unethical and irresponsible ways that often recall the pseudosciences of phrenology and physiognomy. Linking affect recognition to hiring, access to insurance, education, and policing creates deeply concerning risks, at both an individual and societal level.” Physiognomy was also used to develop race science, which can be seen in AI today. For example, the idea that Black people resemble apes, in both appearance and behavior, draws from physiognomy. There is often a knee-jerk reaction to saying these bad sciences couldn’t make their way into AI, but is it a coincidence that Google Photos once began classifying Black people as “gorillas”? Meanwhile, companies like Faception claim to offer “facial personality analytics,” including the ability to supposedly determine if someone is a terrorist. The company claims that, based on appearances alone, it can determine if someone is “psychologically unbalanced,” depressed or anxious. Despite Faception’s claims that its technology is objective due to machine learning, all mentions of mental illness correlate with categories of criminal offenses such as white-collar offender, terrorist, and pedophile. “From Faception claiming they can ‘detect’ if someone is a terrorist from their face to HireVue mass-recording job applicants to predict if they will be a good employee based on their facial ‘micro-expressions,’ the ability to use machine vision and massive data analysis to find correlations is leading to some very suspect claims,” AI Now Co-founder Kate Crawford told The Intercept Perhaps the biggest issue is untangling the faith that many people put into digital technologies. The myth of AI’s objectivity has been perpetuated again and again. However, AI systems are created. That means they can — and will — begin to back the biases of their creator, whether those are conscious or not. For example, Amazon’s AI recruiting tool learned to have bias against women. In some ways, the AI may have taught itself this, as nobody explicitly called for it. However, remember that machine learning relies on data. If you give AI garbage data, it’ll give you garbage back, something referred to as “garbage in, garbage out.” “What you would do is you go back and look at historical data from the past and look at successful candidates and feed the algorithm with that data and try to find patterns or similarities,” Oxford University researcher Dr. Sandra Wachter told Business Insider. “You ask the question who has been the most successful candidates in the past…and the common trait will be somebody that is more likely to be a man and white.” Although we all would like to think that we won’t be tricked by pseudosciences — the reality is that these sciences were fostered by people regarded as intelligent or educated by their peers. As the technology shows, pseudosciences will adapt themselves to new technologies, if given the chance.
, , , The US Plans to Reduce Poverty in Central America Reduce Poverty in Central AmericaIn an effort to stem migration, the Biden administration has unveiled a plan to reduce poverty in Central America. The administration hopes that improving the quality of life in places where people are likely to emigrate from will cause fewer people to make the dangerous journey to the U.S. border. In May 2021, Vice President Harris called on the private sector to increase investment in the Northern Triangle to bolster the United States’ efforts to develop the region and address the root causes of migration to the U.S. Plans to Improve the Economy In a public statement, the White House referred to the economic development initiative for the Northern Triangle as a call to action. The U.S. government hopes to bolster economic growth in the Northern Triangle region of Central America. Northern Triangle countries consist of Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. The aim of this directive is to implement sustainable action that will stem the mass migration of asylum seekers and ease the ensuing border crises between the U.S. and Mexico. The call to action involves six key areas. 6 Focal Areas of Development in the Northern Triangle 1. Reform: Increased transparency and predictability by implementing “international best practices in licensing, permitting, procurement, regulation and taxation.” 2. Digital and Financial Inclusivity: Ensuring affordable internet is more accessible to support digital inclusion and prioritizing financial inclusion of marginalized populations. 3. Food Security and Agriculture: Developing initiatives to reduce food insecurity by improving agricultural outcomes and prioritizing resilient crops. 4. Renewable Energy and Climate Change: Taking actions to achieve climate resilience and transitioning to renewable, clean energy. 5. Education and Employment: “Expand job-training programs, support greater access to technical and secondary education and create higher-paying formal sector jobs,” with females and rural people as priorities. 6. Healthcare: Develop strategies to strengthen healthcare systems in order to be better prepared for future health crises and to “ensure inclusive access to healthcare.” Companies Aiding Poverty Reduction Efforts The aim of the initiative is to reduce the need to emigrate by equalizing living standards between neighboring nations of varying economic status. This supports the broader goal of creating international stability with efforts to reduce poverty in Central America. The U.S. government believes partnering with the private sector will make the plan of action a reality. So far, 12 companies and organizations have committed to the goal of developing the Northern Triangle. Technology companies such as Microsoft will provide broader internet and digital communication systems to the Northern Triangle and teach people the digital skills needed to thrive in a digital world. Furthermore, the language learning app, Duolingo, hopes to bolster literacy rates, help people learn English and provide wider access to quality education. Beyond this, international financial institutions such as Mastercard will allow for financial inclusion by giving people the financial and digital skills and services needed to reduce the digital divide and combat poverty. The Focus on Security A major obstacle to the plan is how to allocate such loans and funds. Part of this wider initiative of economic recovery includes cracking down on political corruption and increasing transparency and international regulation. Vice President Kamala Harris traveled to Mexico and Guatemala in early June 2021 as a gesture of the beginning of a diplomatic response to the migration crisis. Her discussions mainly focused on issues regarding food security, border security and economic security. Harris emphasizes that women and the youth are priorities in the action plan as they are most vulnerable. Along with economic rejuvenation efforts, the U.S. hopes to bring its own border security expertise to other nations. This will create an extended security buffer between migrants and the U.S. border. Additionally, the Biden administration wishes to broaden legal pathways toward migration and asylum to offer alternative options to illegal migration. The Allocation of Funds In April 2021, the U.S. pledged more than $300 million worth of aid to Central America in order to stem the migration crisis. Almost half of the funds have been allocated toward food security and COVID-19 recovery efforts. The rest of the financial assistance will help in the areas of “health, education and disaster relief services” and aid refugees and asylum seekers. The division of funds reflects the priorities of the strategy in order to reduce poverty and increase security in the Northern Triangle. According to the World Food Programme, the number of people facing food insecurity in the Northern Triangle increased to 7.8 million in 2021. The cause of this increase correlates directly to hurricanes and the economic crisis caused by the pandemic. Therefore, the development of Northern Triangle economies will reduce poverty in Central America and decrease migration to the U.S. Jack Thayer Photo: Flickr
I have been into gardening for years but last year I went knee-deep into it. While the entire world was literally collapsing, I found solace in my houseplants and so did several people I met through plant clubs. But, growing houseplants indoors, which normally grow in the pristine conditions of the tropics is a formidable challenge. One of the biggest challenges is watering as improper water usage can severely affect the health of the plant. Water contaminated with pathogens and other hard materials can cause deterioration in root health and leaf burns. Given that the houseplant market is extremely inflated right now coupled with the fact that losing a plant can be both emotionally and financially exhausting, we propose a solution to the watering problem. The houseplant market is in full bloom right now. A recent survey of local plant groups that I am a part of showed that on average, a person bought around 100-200 plants last year averaging $1K in expenditure. These same people spent 100's of dollars on plant accessories and watering needs. Thus, the proposed solution already has a viable customer base to build a sustainable business around. What it does Our solution suggests a Point of Use (POU) water disinfection system that can be either coupled to an indoor greenhouse/ attached under a sink to meet the watering needs of your houseplants. A tubular-shaped coaxial electrode copper ionization cell (CECIC) was invented by Georgia tech researchers and can be used for this. (Technology number: 7981) This POU system can enable long-lasting and high-efficiency bacteria removal with very low effluent copper concentration. How we built it We built a schematic for the proposed solution which can be found in the video/images. We envision two scenarios: 1) The water is disinfected remotely under a kitchen sink/ bathroom sink and then the filtered water is carried over by custom water hoses with which the plants can be manually watered. 2) The POU system is installed as an attachment to the greenhouses directly and plants can be watered by drip irrigation through PVC pipes. Challenges we ran into There is significant seepage of water through planting pots as they usually have drainage holes. This extra water will accumulate at the bottom of the greenhouse which is not ideal for indoor conditions. So, we realized that this accumulated water can be pumped back through the inlet of a POU system using a motor, thus creating a sustainable solution around this challenge. Accomplishments that we're proud of This method is going to reduce the energy consumption and the per cubic meter cost of plant watering significantly while making the life of plant owners easy and ensuring good plant health. What we learned We learned that a technology developed for solving decentralized drinking water disinfection can also be used as a commercial product for a rather unrelated problem that has the potential of generating huge amounts of revenue while providing value to the quality of life. What's next for A point of use (POU) water disinfection system for plants It will be interesting to add more filters or add a chamber with plant nutrients to the POU tailored to the need of individual plants. Built With Share this project:
Researchers Identify Genetic Drivers of Most Common Form of Lymphoma Sandeep Dave, MD, MBA, MSSandeep Dave, MD, MBA, MSLymphoma is the most common blood cancer, but the diagnosis belies a wildly diverse and little understood genetic foundation for the disease that hampers successful treatment. An international research effort led by Duke Cancer Institute scientists has been working to better understand the genetic underpinnings of the most prevalent form of this cancer -- diffuse large B cell lymphoma – and how those genes might play a role in patients’ responses to therapies. These findings published online Oct. 5 in the journal Cell. “This work provides a comprehensive road map in terms of research and clinical priorities,” said Sandeep Davé, MD, professor of medicine at Duke. “We have very good data now to pursue new and existing therapies that might target the genetic mutations we identified. Additionally, this data could also be used to develop genetic markers that steer patients to therapies that would be most effective.”
Plants to Purify Indoor Air nature is life eraoflightdotcomIt’s officially winter, which means much more of your time will be spent indoors. Without being able to open your windows to let in the fresh air, your home or office may start to feel stuffy and stale. The fact is, with poor ventilation, indoor air can be filled with pollution and toxins. How can you improve air quality? Try adding some houseplants. It’s the easy, affordable and natural way of creating clean and breathable air this winter–plus, it’s NASA-approved! Try these top air purifying plants that the scientists and NASA have found effective at cleaning indoor air. Spider Plant If you’re lacking a green thumb, taking on a houseplant might seem out of the question. Luckily, the Spider Plant is easy to care for and grow! Just keep it in indirect sunlight and take a deep breath while it filters any formaldehyde and xylene compounds out of the air. Peace Lily If you’re looking for a plant with a bit more visual appeal, try a Peace Lily. This plant can remove formaldehyde, ammonia, trichloroethylene and ammonia pollutants from the air. However, it does flower during the summer, which comes with pollen, which may not make it the best option if you are worried about allergies. Garden Mum One of the top air-purifying plants found by NASA is the common Garden Mum. You can find this plant at any garden store and use it indoors to rid your home of benzene, formaldehyde, ammonia and xylene. Another bonus is you can then plant it in your outdoor garden once winter passes! Rubber Plant If you’re looking for a tall plant to spruce up your office, try the rubber plant. It’s one of the top plants for removing formaldehyde. It’s also easy to care for, as it can survive with very little light and will do just fine in cooler temperatures. Depending on how large the room is you may need more than one plant for the best results. » Source
Gödel’s First Incompleteness Theorem in Relation to the Liar Paradox Kurt Gödel How does Gödel’s first incompleteness theorem relate to the liar paradox? The liar paradox is the sentence: “This sentence is false.” An analysis of the liar sentence shows that it cannot be true – for then, as it asserts, it is false – nor can it be false – for then, it is true. A Gödel sentence G for a theory T makes a similar assertion to the liar sentence, but with truth replaced by provability: G says “G is not provable in the theory T.” The analysis of the truth and provability of G is a formalized version of the analysis of the truth of the liar sentence. It is not possible to replace “not provable” with “false” in a Gödel sentence because the predicate “Q is the Gödel number of a false formula” cannot be represented as a formula of arithmetic. This result, known as Tarski’s undefinability theorem, was discovered independently by Gödel when he was working on the proof of the incompleteness theorem. 3 thoughts on “Gödel’s First Incompleteness Theorem in Relation to the Liar Paradox 1. Pingback: Atheism Violates The Laws Of Reason And Logic 2. In my interpretation of truth, provability, what constitutes each, so forth, the debate on the liars paradox is a moot one. Does a question have a truth value? Does an exclamation? The point is, in language, some sentences, though consistence and which make perfect sense, wont necessarily have truth values to them. It stands to reason then that there may indeed exist some statements of the sort. A statement, in language, is one that provides usable, consistent, and meaningful information. The liars sentence does none of that. It is a sentence for the sake of sentences. Its no more meaningful than had you tossed words together out of the dictionary quite randomly. In fact, arguably, there is more meaning in simply remaining silent. The liars paradox has no resolution, because there is nothing to resolve. Its nonsense from ground up. There is no dilemma and there is no inconsistency. Its a hypothetical situation that cannot and does not exist. This is like debating over how much paint it will take to paint Gabriel’s Horn. If something cannot exist in reality then debating its traits, or any practical use made of it, is nonsense. The paradox is a phenomenon of language, a hypothetical situation invented solely to confuse, because it is a contradiction. And we all know that contradictions cannot exist in reality, so searching for a resolution is moot, pointless. There is a difference between a hypothetical contradiction and an actual contradiction. In logic, it is not unusual to assume a faulty premise, arrive at a contradiction, and then reject that faulty premise as a result. Proof by contradiction is a valid tool because, in the end, you are left with one consistent and true statement. The Liars Paradox, however, asserts that the contradiction exists in actuality. Those are my thoughts. 3. Pingback: Kurt Gödel « Earthpages.ca Leave a Reply WordPress.com Logo Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
gadganzu proposal From Lojban Jump to navigation Jump to search Part of the gadganzu series, a joint proposal by la zipcpi and la cadgu'a If you have at least a basic familiarity with Lojban you are likely also familiar with its system for forming noun-phrases. One where verb words are surrounded and transformed into nouns. The words that do this parenthetical surrounding and perform this transforming, called the Gadri, have a confusing and contentious history. Their semantics have changed over time and lack of a clear formulation leaves them the topic of endless debate. This paper will present a framework for unifying the Gadri under a regular semantic system that is mostly backwards compatible, can be readily explained and that empowers communicators. What the Gadri do The Gadri are articles that are used to denote the beginning of a noun-phrase or description. In addition to denoting the head of the noun-phrase they also act as a "determiner" that inform how the description should be interpreted. The specific Gadri article used to start the noun-phrase is what determines this interpretation. For example, noun-phrases starting with la denote a name. In the wider linguistic world, there are many kinds of possible determiners. Those that denote definite or indefinite descriptions, demonstratives which relate to spatial context, possessives, and quantifiers. They all share in the goal of expressing what the speaker intends to reference in their noun-phrases. Lojban has a number of different types of articles that serve these various determiner roles; the Gadri are just one of them. But what determiner semantics do the existing Lojban Gadri provide today? The Gadri la and lai both create name descriptions which designate strong or even absolute definite references. la denotes the name of an individual, lai denotes the name of a group. Masses and Groups For each of the main Gadri and their associated semantic, there is a alternative form of that Gadri that denotes a description which deals with a group or mass as a whole. Like explained for names, lai is the mass forming version of la. Similarly there is lei for le, and loi for lo. As defined, le, lei and le'i are all defined as creating descriptions for which the intended referents may not necessarily qualify but are useful in helping the listener identify the intended designation anyway. All other Gadri produce "veridical" descriptions which express that the speaker intends to be understood literally. Sets are distinguished from Masses in that Sets only ever refer to constituent members once. Otherwise they are typically treated similarly to masses. One common property of the existing Gadri is that they all assert the existence of definite referents. Behind every description, is some existentially quantified referent.
The Science of Personality As human beings, what determines the ways in which we are alike and the ways in which we are different? What makes each of us unique? Are we born that way and do we stay that way for life.  Or do we—can we—change? These questions have fascinated us for centuries.   Now we have the tools to really tackle the science of human behavior. Nature? Nurture? We know, for example, that our genes play an important role in determining who we are.  Different personality types are inherited, at least in part.  We sometimes refer to this component of personality as “temperament.”    How each of us is hard-wired from birth can predispose us to be, say, an adventurer, a loner, a brainy nerd, or a sentimental puddle of tears. But we also know that experience counts. Our brains develop gradually and are not fully formed until our mid-20s. What happens to us during those years will shape our behavior (anxious, belligerent, placid, trusting, crafty). Indeed, our experiences also contribute to the very functioning of our brain itself.  The hard-wiring we inherit is rudimentary at birth.  How our maturing brain circuits connect with each other as we grow up is crucial. Bad luck, such as early trauma or neglect, can interrupt or derail the process.  Good luck, such as having a supportive and caring family, can facilitate a sturdy outcome. Can we change? By the time we’re in our 20  we have all of the brain cells we’ll ever have–or so the textbooks used to teach.  Wrong!  New technology such as brain imaging has revealed that new brain cells can be “born” in parts of the brain throughout the life cycle, even into old age. Sometimes diseases, such as dementia or schizophrenia, directly alter functioning of the brain, and with it personality.  Yet, the brain is remarkably flexible and adaptive.  It proves able to enrich itself or adjust, assisted by things like medication, exercise, or even psychotherapy. Can we change?  Indeed we can. Personality styles and personality disorders Psychiatrists, psychologists, sociologists, and other students of human behavior have struggled throughout history to devise a standard system to classify the most common personality patterns. The NPSP25  system was developed from the American Psychiatric Association (APA) personality disorder system.  Diagnostic criteria define each of the personality disorders.  They appear in the APA’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Personality disorders are hard to change.  They are long-term patterns of inflexible and maladaptive behavior.  People with these conditions are often in conflict with family members, employers, and friends.   Their ability to succeed in life can be greatly impaired. With effort and long-term persistence, some people can be helped enormously with psychotherapy.  Unfortunately, those with disordered personality patterns usually do not realize that there is anything amiss with them.  Indeed, they often believe the faults lie with everyone else instead of themselves. Personality styles, however, are flexible and adaptive.  Even if you are set in your ways, with sufficient incentive you can change if you want to. How personality is like blood pressure Think of it personality as on a spectrum, or dimension, like blood pressure. You need it to be alive, but too much or too little of this biological essential can become a problem. Likewise, each of us has a personality, necessary to function in this world. But if certain personality traits are too prominent (or maybe too minimal), problems can ensue. Consider Obsessive-Compulsive personality disorder, characterized by traits such as rigid perfectionism, inability to express emotions, stubbornness, indecisiveness, and excessive devotion to work. But then “turn the volume down” and imagine what these traits might look like if they were no longer extreme.   They might describe what we call Conscientious personality style.  This is characterized by clarity about doing the right thing the right way, willingness to work hard and persevere, prudence, attention to order and detail.  All these are features that can lead to success rather than failure. If you are a strongly Conscientious person, you may sometimes seem like a workaholic, but you can call a halt at some point.   Perhaps at the suggestion of someone you trust,  you can chill, return to the task energized, and accept that the finished product, even if not perfect,  is good enough. Normal For You The dimensional nature of normal, adaptive personality style is the guiding principle of the NPSP25.  Once you take the self-assessment test and view your entire Self-Portrait, you’ll know what is normal for you.   If you are seeking a new normal, don’t forget that with motivation and persistence, you can do it. The New Personality Self-Portrait 25 Logo Please enter your information: For myself For others
Description: Craft and Structure Distinguish their own point of view from that of the narrator or those of the characters. Maps to Reading Plus skills: 3B 3B: Analyzing Plot/Character 3B: Analyzing Plot/Character Description: Analyzing setting, plot, and character ✓ standard met Selection: C-59 Grade level: 3 Word count: 1357 words Author: R. Bender Synopsis: Why is the mouse such a small animal? This legend from long ago offers an interesting explanation. Excerpt: The girl was an average size, but the boy was very small. He was no more than two feet high. One day she said, "Look, little brother! I have made you a bow and some arrows. It is time you learned to take care of yourself. While I am gone, practice shooting. Each day he practiced, shooting at a tree when there was nothing better to aim at. At last he killed a bird. But he had made up his mind to see the world for himself, and off he went. His legs were short and he was not used to walking far. Question: Which two statements about the boy are correct? 1. He was not able to walk great distances because he was small. 2. He learned to hunt by practicing every day. 3. He was as large as a Mastodon and as smart as a coyote. 4. He took care of his older sister, and kept her safe from harm. 5. He was a skilled hunter who never missed a shot. ✓ standard met Writing prompt: Explain why you agree or disagree with the behavior of a character. Organization: Certica Solutions
statistics in health Step 3: Using the data you collected for the Week 5 assignment (heights of 20 different people that you work with, discuss the method of collection of the values that you are using in your study (systematic sampling). What are some faults with this type of data collection? What other types of data collection could you have used, and how might this have affected your study? Step 4:  Use the Spreadsheet to help you with calculations for the following questions/statements. b) Find a 95% confidence interval for the true mean height of all the people at your place of work. What      is the interval? [ provide a screenshot below] d) Post a screenshot of your work from the t value Confidence Interval for µ from the Confidence  table  Interval tab on the Excel spreadsheet Two references required
Genuine Pros and Cons of Virtual Reality in Education, Training, Healthcare, Etc 2022 Pros and Cons of Virtual Reality in Education, Training, Healthcare, Business, Marketing, gaming, etc. Everything you need to know about the Pros and cons of Virtual Reality: Virtual Reality is an advanced technology that uses a combination of both software and hardware for creating a simulated world. It creates artificial senses reproducing multiple senses such as hearing, vision, smell, and touch. Virtual reality technology merges the power of 3D graphics.  3 types of VR systems:  1. Non-immersive virtual reality 2. Semi-immersive virtual reality 3. Fully immersive virtual reality Today’s VR technology makes use of multi-projected environments or VR headsets to create lifelike sounds, sights, and other sensations that a user can easily enjoy in the virtual world. Using VR Accessories and devices like VR headsets, VR Controllers, and more, anyone can enter the virtual reality environment and are also capable of interacting with Virtual objects or structures. Virtual reality combines video and audio feedback, but force feedback and other sensory types can be added with the help of haptic technology. People are submerged and allowed to communicate within virtual worlds rather than viewing a display in front of them. Check out VR Guide. Virtual Reality is growing rapidly in recent years and many companies are using VR to achieve new levels of user engagement. Virtual reality is widely employed in various sectors, including entertainment, education, engineering, video games, design, media, filmmaking, medicine, and more.  This expanding technology has started to make some important changes to a person’s daily activities. VR devices are becoming accessible to a broad audience because their prices are gradually coming down.  The advantages and disadvantages of Virtual Reality are also presented just like any mainstream technology. In this article, we will describe the pros and cons of Virtual Reality. Pros and Cons of Virtual Reality in Education, Training, Healthcare, Business, Marketing, etc. Benefits of Virtual RealityDisadvantages of Virtual Reality 1. Better and Improved Experience Than Reality1. Expensive/High cost 2. Can Be Used in Different Sectors2. Addiction and Loss of human connections 3. Can Get Awesome Experiences3. Health effects 4. Provides Detailed Views4. VR Technology is still experimental 5. Connects People Through Effective communication5. Practicing or Training in a VR environment is not completely real 6. Risk-Free Training and Safe Practice Into Simulated Environment6. Feeling of worthlessness 7. Conferencing 8. Increased Learning Possibilities Pros and Cons of Virtual Reality Pros of Virtual Reality This VR technology has several advantages, and its adoption has had a favorable impact on various fields. The following are some of the advantages of virtual reality: 1. Better and Improved Experience Than Reality Virtual Reality offers better visuals in comparison to reality and while playing games or watching videos, the technology gives the user a unique feeling of being in a completely different universe. A user can get the experience of being inside the game while playing using the VR controller.  With the visual, sound effects, and other technologies, the user can feel every moment of the game as if it is happening in the impressive real world. For example, one can get the real experiences of flying in the sky, riding on the roller coaster, or fighting with aliens or zombies. 2. Can Be Used in Different Sectors Nowadays, Due to its comprehensive features, Virtual Reality technology is applied in many sectors such as Company training, Business, Military combat training, Heath, Education, Gaming technology, and more sectors we discussed above in this post’s intro section. The aviation and Architecture sector is also using Virtual reality to see the final products easily. That’s why the project failure percentages are dramatically going down. 3. Can Get Awesome Experiences Virtual reality has provided users with amazing experiences. VR technology does its job successfully by producing almost real sounds and objects, so the users easily feel that they are experiencing the real world. Many consumers want to use virtual reality technology more and more. Disabled people treat it in great regard. They can explore the actual world through virtual reality. Films made for virtual reality allowing viewers to see the entire environment in each scene. As a result, the audience has an interactive viewing experience. 4. Provides Detailed Views Virtual reality provides a comprehensive and complete view of a location. Virtual reality, for example, makes tourism sites more interesting and visible. It provides a detailed overview of the location you wish to visit. As a result, viewers may plan their journey by seeing the actual locations. Furthermore, users can see essential landmarks as well as important areas that they want to visit. Another example: When you go furniture shopping and find the dining room table of your dreams, but you’re not sure how it’ll look in your dining room. To make an informed decision, you can utilize virtual reality to compare the interior of your dining room with the table. 5. Help to Get Connected With People Through Effective communication You can speak with strangers you’d never meet in real life via virtual reality. It helps to make new relationships with unknown people around the world more efficiently as compared to real life.  Users learned about various types of people and were able to connect with them. Effectively communicating with people is one of the main advantages of virtual reality. Users can communicate with one another and thus enjoy spending time. It provides a new experience of communicating with others. 6. Risk-Free Training and Safe Practice Into Simulated Environment Among countless benefits of VR technology, VR training and practices are one of the best topics. When it comes to training topics, virtual reality can play an important role. One of the best advantages of VR is that it can simulate an important, dangerous, and risky environment like surgery, combat, flight, fields of medicine, law enforcement, architecture, and aviation, etc. for training and practice purposes. This indicates that firefighters can practice their abilities in a safe environment before needing to put out a real fire, or that a pilot can get a lot of practice flying a virtual plane before flying the actual thing, and many other uses. As a result of such an engaging experience, the gap between experienced workers and beginners will be narrowed, helping them to grow into their positions more quickly. Without risking their own or others’ lives, anyone can learn to perform operations, fly a plane, and do many other tasks. 7. Conferencing VR software developers are now working on creating live VR coverage of an event. Even if the participants are thousands of kilometers distant, virtual reality will make them feel as if they are all in the same room. If they can successfully create the software for Virtual Reality then you don’t need to go to sit through a bunch of meetings driving your car every morning. 8. Increased Learning Possibilities Doctors may understand any medicine’s new qualities and adverse effects using virtual reality technology, providing them a clear picture of the outcome.  Content writing and editing fields can also benefit from VR technology by detecting faults through certain software settings. When used in education, virtual reality makes learning easier and more enjoyable. Cons of Virtual Reality Despite the numerous benefits of VR technology, there are some disadvantages to be aware of when exploring this type of technology. The cons of virtual reality that should be considered are outlined below. 1. Expensive/High cost One of the primary disadvantages of virtual games is that not everyone can buy them. It is too expensive, and those who cannot afford it will be excluded from using it. But the good news is the prices slowly going down. As many companies will be involved in VR technology, maybe the price will be affordable. 2. Addiction and Loss of human connections Someone who spends a large amount of time in a virtual environment may grow addicted to it. Because you may create your avatars and meet other individuals online, this is especially risky with social networking. Also, numerous actions are prohibited in the actual world that may be done in the virtual world, and there is always the risk that someone will act out anything from the digital world in the real world. For example, Many people enjoy games that allow for violence and other illegal activities, but if this becomes an addiction, they are more likely to commit crimes in real life. This addiction can also lead to various health issues. 3. Health effects The usage of virtual reality for an extended period might cause dizziness, disorientation, Vomit, and nausea. If you are a beginner and playing VR games for a long time, then sometimes you may feel VR motion sickness. Check out how to prevent motion sickness in VR. People will love to play in the VR environment every time, and they won’t get the time to do workouts and physical exercise.  Keeping the health issue in mind, VR developers crated some Omnidirectional VR Treadmills for exercise. 4. VR Technology is Still Experimental Virtual reality technology is being employed in a variety of fields, but it is still in its experimental stages. It hasn’t been properly developed. VR has several disadvantages that make it unsuitable for everyday use. 5. Practicing or Training in a VR environment is Unreal Another disadvantage of virtual reality is that a person who has been trained in a Virtual environment can work well in that environment but not in the actual world. As a result, in real-life situations, it will not produce the same results as in a Virtual Reality environment. 6. Feeling of worthlessness Virtual reality users frequently experience feelings of worthlessness. They have the impression that they are escaping from reality, which can be quite dangerous for them. Virtual reality, when used appropriately, can be a great tool for improving our lives and revolutionizing the way we go about achieving things in our everyday lives. Many businesses are already using it to provide clients with a more personalized and intuitive experience, as well as to connect people from all over the world. Finally, one must comprehend the meaning of the virtual world and its characteristics after learning about all of the Pros and Cons of VR technology. In a sentence, virtual reality may be amazing and informative, and it can also help people relieve stress by allowing them to visually visit different environments. Needless to say, it is quite expensive and can easily lead to addiction in some people. Addiction causes plenty of health issues, including depression, anxiety, and so on. Regardless of how much training one receives in the virtual world, one’s talents can never be perfect, and hence the experience gained there will never be considered as real or sufficient. We think you got Everything you need to know about the Pros and cons of Virtual Reality. Thanks for reading. We will be back soon with another Virtual Reality content. Leave a Comment Share on pinterest Share on facebook Share on twitter Share on email Share on reddit Signup newsletter for daily Tech & Gadget Updates
Ask Shelley: What Is Thrush And Why Am I Getting It While it's totally normal, there are ways to prevent it. Periods and puberty are totally natural, but often totally confusing too. If you’re worried, curious, or questioning something in this area, we’ve got you. Nurse, midwife and all-round puberty expert Shelley is on hand to answer all your burning questions Today’s question is from a reader who wants has a health issue they want to understand. Hi Shelley, can you explain what thrush is and why I keep getting it? Shelley says: So, thrush is a fungus, called Candida albicans. It is a very common pathogenic yeast which when growing in your body, causes thrush. Common symptoms if you have vaginal thrush can be a white discharge, itchiness and stinging when you pass urine. But you can also become infected with thrush of the mouth, nipples or feet, men can get genital thrush, and babies can get a nappy rash caused by thrush. It’s quite common to develop thrush if you have taken a course of antibiotics, are wearing tight synthetic underwear frequently, or aren’t maintaining good hygiene. It is very easily treatable over the counter, go to your location pharmacy and ask for a treatment for thrush. It clears up in a couple of days, just make sure you’re showering every day and wearing cotton underwear! For more of Shelley’s expert advice on periods, puberty and body, check out the other questions she’s answered. If you’ve got a question you want answered, DM us on Insta or email with the subject line ‘Ask Shelley’.
Mental Health, AI What role can AI play in diagnosing mental health patients? Diagnosing mental health disorders involves numerous steps and isn’t always easy. Doctors may perform a physical exam or order lab tests to determine or rule out physical conditions that may be causing a patient’s symptoms. However, there is no specific medical test to directly diagnose a mental health condition. A psychological evaluation is also performed, during which patients are asked to talk about their emotions, thoughts, behavior, and symptoms. Different symptoms are associated with different mental illnesses, so doctors can use the patient’s responses as well as reference the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) to help determine a diagnosis. There’s another technology that’s emerging as an additional resource when diagnosing mental health patients: artificial intelligence (AI). Even though using AI for this purpose is relatively new, it’s already showing great potential. Various AI tools are allowing mental health professionals to predict mental health conditions by analyzing medical data and written and verbal communication. Here’s a closer look at the role AI can play in diagnosing mental health patients.   Mental Health, AI Predicting the onset of mental health issues using AI and medical data Data is a valuable resource, and AI makes it even more valuable by using it to generate actionable insights. With the right AI tools, mental health care professionals can identify signs of mental health issues in patients and even predict the onset of mental health conditions.  Lumiata, for example, uses AI and machine learning (ML) to predict the onset of depression, dementia, and bipolar disorder, among other acute and chronic diseases. We start by bringing a client’s data into our ecosystem, then optimizing it for machine learning by validating, normalizing, and cleansing it. We also add our proprietary disease codes, which help identify risk factors regarding the onset or progression of different diseases, and create Person360 records, longitudinal records of each person in the dataset. The data can then be used with the clinical ML models in our Spectrum AI Model Catalog, including our disease onset model, which can predict the onset of more than 20 diseases within the next 12 months.   Lumiata can identify markers for depression by looking at multiple complex conditions. For example, if obesity or malnourishment is predicted in a patient along with a history of or predictions for deficient thyroid activity, this is a strong indicator for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). A history of the cardiac bypass with no history of completed physical rehabilitation is another strong marker for MDD.  We combine our client’s optimized data with our AI technology to predict the onset of mental health conditions, giving mental health care professionals another tool in their tool belt to use when diagnosing mental health patients. Predicting mental health issues using AI and written language AI can be used to assess written messages and identify signs of mental health issues. Some apps, for example, have patients “talk” to chatbots via text-based messages, which can then be analyzed for signs of mental illness. In December 2020, researchers announced they had used data from Facebook messages to predict psychiatric diagnoses up to 18 months before the user was officially diagnosed. [1] Michael Birnbaum, an assistant professor at the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, led the study. The team collected 3,404,959 Facebook messages and 142,390 images across 223 participants, some of who had diagnosed mental health disorders, including mood disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and some who were considered healthy. The researchers looked at features that had been uploaded prior to the participant’s first hospitalization, some up to 18 months prior. [2] Since the researchers knew when the participants had been diagnosed, they could work backward and see how far prior to the diagnosis a prediction could be made about that person’s mental health.  The team found that the use of swear words was indicative of mental illness in general, and negative emotions as well as perception words like “see,” “hear,” and “feel” were indicative of schizophrenia. Photos with blue tones were associated with mood disorders. [3] The ability to predict mental health issues by using AI and Facebook posts or other text-based messages could allow professionals to diagnose patients months before they would otherwise receive a diagnosis from traditional methods. Predicting mental health issues using AI and verbal language Apps can ask people questions and have people answer by speaking their responses into their phones. Apps can also have people respond via text-based responses. The apps then assess the responses. Changes in pace, tone, etc. may signify a mental health issue. If the app identifies areas of concern, it can alert the person and their healthcare provider. In a similar way that AI can be used to assess written text and identify signs of mental health disorders, AI can also be used to assess verbal language. Speech and mental health are closely linked, according to Dr. Henry Nasrallah, a psychiatrist at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center. He says that fast speech can be indicative of mania, monotone can point to depression, and disjointed word choice can be connected to schizophrenia. While these traits must reach a certain level before a human clinician will notice them, AI could be trained to identify the traits when they’re more subtle. [4] Peter Foltz, a research professor at the University of Colorado Boulder, and his team designed a mobile app that guides users through verbal exercises like answering questions about how they’re feeling or telling a story. AI then analyzes the audio content and looks for signs of mental distress by comparing the content to the user’s previous responses as well as responses from a larger patient population. In a study involving 225 participants, the app was able to identify speech-based signs of mental distress at least as well as clinicians. [5] What’s the impact of using AI when diagnosing mental health patients? AI enables mental health care professionals to better identify a patient’s risk factors for mental health conditions and predict mental health conditions sooner than traditional diagnostic methods allow. These predictions can result in earlier diagnosis, which enables mental health care providers to address the patient’s risk factors sooner, provide better care in a timely manner, and achieve better outcomes for their patients. To see how Lumiata can support your organization in diagnosing mental health patients, click here to request a demo.
For the first time in human history, Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have broken through a symbolic mark of 400 parts per million (ppm), U.S. government scientists said Friday. The last time such high amounts of greenhouse gas were in the air was several million years ago, when the Arctic was ice-free, savannah spread across the Sahara desert and before modern humans existed. Scientists say the climate back then was also considerably warmer than it is today. Carbon dioxide is considered the most important of the manmade greenhouse gases blamed for raising the temperature on the planet over recent decades. The measurement was made in Mauna Loa, Hawaii, where the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration observatory is located. The volcano has long been ground zero for monitoring the worldwide trend on carbon dioxide, or CO2. Devices there sample clean, crisp air that has blown thousands of miles across the Pacific Ocean, producing a record of rising carbon dioxide levels that has been closely tracked for half a century. The station feeds its numbers into a continuous record of the concentration of the gas stretching back to 1958. The amount of carbon dioxide varies daily somewhat and has cycled historically in accordance with changes in the Earth's orbit, a phenomenon known as Milankovitch cycles. But the exponential rise in carbon dioxide levels since the Industrial Revolution is far out of the ordinary, experts say.
Sunday, April 22, 2018 Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology) It's been 48 years since the first Earth Day was declared, though of course the environmental movement has been around since the smokestack days of the 19th century Industrial Revolution. While there has been an increasing awareness of how humans have affected the planet with their various forms of pollution, nothing has really changed in their behavior. Relentless population growth with its emphasis on deforestation, the burning of fossil fuels, and the dumping of our collective waste into the ocean, has led to species extinction, ruined the land, sea, and air, and raised Earth's temperature. Like the boiling frog analogy, we love to write letters to our politicians, march and demonstrate, but refuse to make any changes to our lifestyle. Our suburban world is centred around the automobile, our consumption economy is based on producing garbage and, while we may live longer, we certainly aren't any healthier. The only thing that might save the planet is if it gets so hot there is mass extinction of the humans. SpaceX Interplanetary Base On The Moon  If we persist in ruining planet Earth for ourselves to live on, and by all indications that is exactly what we will do unless a stray asteroid does it for us like it did 65 million years ago for the dinosaurs, then we need to get behind the movement for interplanetary colonization. The SpaceX folks are making plans to use the Moon or Mars as an exploration base for Space travel and other organizations will be soon following suit. After all, in another 2 billion years our Sun will burn out and Earth will disappear so we might as well get started. While space travel is inevitable and no doubt exciting, I can't help but feel a certain fondness for my own beautiful place here on Earth. Outer space is cold and unfeeling and requires all sorts of complicated equipment to survive whereas here I can go for a walk or hike in the forest, swim in the ocean and just enjoy all the life around me free of any encumbrances. For now it's still paradise but, for how much longer, who knows. As Marvin Gaye would say, mercy mercy me.
November 2, 2021 Carving Horse Chestnut Wood | The Curious Guide Horse Chestnut wood is a beautiful, desirable hardwood for many different reasons, and it’s quite popular in decorating, furniture making, and even musical instruments. If you are interested in horse chestnut wood, you might be asking yourself why you should carve your horse chestnut trees. What is horse chestnut wood? Horse chestnut wood is a type of wood from ornamental trees. Although it is excellent for carving, it is not a better choice for building since it is a weaker wood and is not rot-resistant. What makes it a beautiful type of wood is its creamy color.  There are multiple types of horse chestnut trees, and these include types of buckeye native to the U.S. Horse chestnut originated from Europe and Japan. Horse chestnut is quick to grow, ornamental shape, large and distinctive leaves.  It has beautiful flowers that grow in spring. That is how the tree gives an attractive, light, creamy color to your ornaments. As much as the color is beautiful, it varies depending on when the tree fell. Sometimes it comes in white, and that is if it is cut in winter.  As time goes on, it turns yellow. The Japanese type is darker than the rest of the wood. It also comes with a waiver grain that makes it beautiful for veneers. Horse chestnut wood has a fine grain and a soft texture, making it easy to use. However, it has a low density that makes other woodworkers dislike it.  Horse Chestnut Wood is not ideal for building and construction since the wood is weak and absorbs moisture. Workability makes it easy to use for turning, carving, veneer, and cabinetry. It is for carving bowls and other storage pieces for fruit.  It also makes racket grips, broom handles, kitchen utensils, boxes, and toys. Although it is soft, it is easy to cut, plane, chisel, sand, and polish. It has a close-grained hardwood with a smooth, silky texture. Is horse chestnut wood easy to work with? Horse chestnut wood is easy to work with since it is soft, and you only have to know the ideal items to make. However, its low density and interlocked grain sometimes lead to fuzzy surfaces like Aspen and cottonwood.  Despite the setbacks, it glues and finishes well.  Although there are health risks associated with any wood dust, there are no further health reactions associated with horse chestnut. The wood is ideal for making handles and kitchen utensils, and it is easy to cut, plane, chisel, sand, and polish.  Despite the wood being soft, as it is a close-grained hardwood with a smooth silky, it still makes excellent items. As much as you should be careful of the wood texture, the overall workability is good. Horse chestnut wood is not regularly available in North America. Availability is limited to its natural range in Europe, and that is where prices are moderate. Due to its scarcity, it should have a high price tag. That is not the case since it has specific items to make. Sometimes chestnut wood is not affordable due to its minimal availability. However, chestnut wood veneers are more affordable and remain beautiful.  Is Horse Chestnut good for carving? Although chestnut wood easily tears, it remains an easy wood for carving. Keep the cutting edges sharp to avoid disappointments. It is absorbent and stains well, and you can also finish it with a high polish. Horse chestnut wood has a smooth and soft texture, and it also comes with a pale and creamy color for great carving. How do you carve horse chestnut wood? 1. Gather your materials and tools. 2. Invest your time learning to sharpen your tools for precise cuts. Sharp tools make cuts easy and fast. Take your time studying the chestnut wood and take small cuts.  3. Put on your safety gear. That includes a dust mask and safety goggles.  4. Grab the material with both hands and a well-sharpened knife. 5. The wood is a little stringy, and if the wood piece is exposed to a lot of heat, it becomes more brittle than what you are used to. Although it is harder than basswood, it cuts with ease. It does not hold sharp detail very well, and that is why you have to watch out for the wormholes. Sanding and staining  Before sanding, all surfaces should be clean and free from all dirt and oils for precision. Prep sanding with finer grits. Do not start using fine sandpaper chest wood. Prepare the surface using medium paper first. After that, you are allowed to proceed to finer grades. If the woods are hard,  start sanding following the grain.  Use a #120-150 grit paper before staining and work up to #220 grit paper. If the wood is too soft to sand, start with #120 and finish with sandpaper less than #220 for water-based stains and 180 grit for oil-based stains. If the chestnut wood is hard, start with #120 and finish-sand no finer than #180 for water based stains and #150 grit for oil-based stains. Avoid over sanding; otherwise, you may seal the wood so much that it will not take a finish. End-grains are areas where the wood is cut against the grain, such as the front side of a table, soaking up more stain than other surfaces. Give the end-grain areas more sanding to control the absorption of wood stain. You are allowed to use an orbital power sander and a dust bag as you prep the wood surface and buff out between topcoats. Make sure you are using the correct grade of sandpaper when buffing. Hand sanding the final topcoats ensures the safety of your material.  Using an orbital sander when distress sanding flat painted surfaces sometimes damages the wood, and it digs in as you apply pressure to get through the paint, which takes away the wood surface’s natural look. Apply a clear coat A clear coat seals and protects the wood’s surface. Oil-based polyurethane is a better product for sealing. Make a homemade sealer by thinning the polyurethane with mineral spirits and use this for your first coat. Follow up with two coats of undiluted polyurethane from the can. Sand the surface once again, and apply your final clear coat. Cleaning the Surface 1. Make sure you are working in a well-ventilated area. There has to be minimal dust for precision. Good lighting helps you notice and get rid of streaks and bubbles in your work. 2. Sand the surface with medium-grit sandpaper. 3. Large projects require the use of an electric sander or sanding block. 4. Sand again with a fine and extra fine-grit sandpaper. Smooth out blemishes. A smooth surface gives you a clear coat. 5. Get rid of the dust using a shop vac. 6. Wipe down the surface with a damp cloth with mineral spirits. Getting rid of traces of the cloth’s material is left behind. Go over the wood surface for the last time with a dry tack cloth. David D. 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Contoh Soal Expressing Agreement And Disagreement That is the practice I can give you. For this period, we will discuss examples of English issues of consensus and disagreements and its importance. Hopefully the practice of this agreement and disagreements can deepen or lead you to work on the problem of practicing un-English smk. The expression concordance and disagreement often appear in a context of conversation, so there are several characteristics that we can encounter, among others: Jamilah: I think about going camping the next vacation. Rosa: It`s great, I think. The underlined expression expresses…. a. Security b. Capacity v. Disagreement of Agreement As this means, the term agreement and disagreement has the meaning of consent or non-opinion of something, in general, the expression is used when we wish to respond to the discourse of others, especially to an opinion. Check out some examples of Present Perfect Tense essay questions and their answer keys. Discussion: The expression that I do not consider to be a righteous person in the position is an expression of disagreement. Answer: d Understand the use of sample dialogue formulas. The two types of possibilities are as follows. 10 complete questions from the contract as well as answer keys in English. Buddy can also learn about the example of current and past participatorys as adjectives with the answer. Discover other examples of Noun multiple-choice phrases and answer key questions that are easy to understand. Home Education « Practical Questions » Examples of English problems on agreement and disagreement with responses Here are some expressions that indicate adequacy and disagreement. A collection of examples of expressions of agreements and disagreements and their importance. Vote with confidence or commonly known as a strong chord all the phrases below strongly means strongly approve the alias 100. Discussion: I don`t understand why she says too much. is an expression of disagreement. Answer: c 5 Examples of dialogue expressing agreement and disagreement is to declare consent to one thing. For more information, read the following examples. Here is an example of a text question of English junior description that you can learn. Talk smk grade xi curriculum training level unitktsp expression of agreement and disagreement. Sbi`s friends also had to understand, because in the previous material we also discussed well the Mengani agreement in English, if you understood the time we practice this time, because yes friend sbi.
Relaciones Internacionales – Comunicación Internacional History of contested elections in the U.S. | 0 Comentarios  Written by: March 27th, 2016 As a presidential historical junkie I’m following this year’s GOP nominating process with many emotions including fascination and discouragement.  We appear to be watching history in the making. One possible outcome of this year’s GOP primaries and caucuses is a contested nominating convention where no candidate has enough delegate votes going into the convention to secure a first ballot nomination.  Here’s a quick history you may all enjoy about contested conventions.  For this purpose, I’m defining a contested convention as requiring more than one ballot to select a nominee. Contested nominating conventions are unusual, but not uncommon for either of the major parties.  Since the founding of both political parties (1832 for the Democratic Party, and 1856 for the Republican Party, or GOP) a total of 90 nominating conventions have been held. Of these 90 conventions, 26 – or nearly 30% have been contested conventions.  The Democrats have had 16 contested conventions out of 48, and the GOP has had 10 out of 42 conventions. They seem rare to us because the last two contested conventions for either party was 1952 for the Democrats, and 1948 for the Republicans.  In the modern political era where a large majority of delegates for each party is chosen through primaries and caucuses, a contested convention has not occurred.  (In 1976 neither Gerald Ford, the incumbent president nor Ronald Reagan had enough committed delegates to claim a majority heading into the GOP convention; however Ford prevailed prior to the first ballot in securing 52% of the delegate (votes). When a contested convention does occur, the candidate with the highest number of delegates after the first ballot has only won a minority of times.  For the Democrats, the leading candidate after the first ballot secured the nomination 7 out of 16 times.  For the Republicans, the leading candidate only secured the nomination 3 out of 10 times. When a candidate is ultimately selected in a contested convention, it doesn’t appear to be fatal for the party’s nominee.  For the Democrats in 6 out of 16 contested conventions the eventual nominee has won the presidency.  For the Republicans the odds have been even better – their candidate has won the general election 5 out of 10 times.  Interestingly, in only 3 out of 26 contested conventions has the leading candidate for either party after the first ballot eventually secured the presidency – Buchanan in 1856, Cleveland in 1884, and FDR in 1932.  In the other 7 occasions where the contested nominee has won the general election, he was not the leading candidate in the first round of balloting. Some very strong presidents have come out of contested conventions.  These include Abraham Lincoln (1860), FDR (1932), Woodrow Wilson (1912), and James Polk (1844). They have also resulted in some weak presidents – Franklin Pierce (1852), James Buchanan (1856), and Warren G. Harding (1920), but in whole the contested conventions appear to have strengthened the party rather than destroying it. Most of the contested conventions were decided after a handful of ballots, but a few went on for many rounds.  Perhaps the most famous, and certainly the most divisive for the country occurred in 1860 when the Democrats failed to select a nominee during their first convention held in Charleston, S.C.  Prior to the first ballot most of the delegates from southern states walked out in protest of the party platform.  The remaining delegates went through 56 rounds of voting without selecting a nominee.  A later convention that summer held in Baltimore without the southern delegates nominated Sen. Stephen Douglas.  The protesting delegates held their own convention later in Baltimore and selected John Breckenridge as their presidential nominee.  The honor for highest number of ballots still belongs to the 1924 Democratic Convention where John W. Davis was selected on the 103rd ballot. Another famous but not contested convention, based on my definition of multiple ballots, was held in 1912 when Teddy Roosevelt had the largest number of committed delegates and landslide primary victories over the incumbent president (and his handpicked successor), William Howard Taft.  Roosevelt had won primaries in 9 out of 12 states – eight by wide margins, and arrived at the convention with strong support.  However, 36 states did not hold primaries and selected delegates in state conventions.  A fight broke out during the certification of delegates with Roosevelt claiming fraud. Deja una respuesta Campos requeridos marcados con *.
On October 16-19, 2014, Loyola University Chicago will hold a conference marking the bicentennial of the Restoration of the Society of Jesus in 1814. The conference aims at locating works–of both restored Jesuits and their colleagues from women’s religious orders–within the specific experiential context of building an American nation. The stories of these men and women provide studies in what Thomas Tweed has termed Crossing and Dwelling (2006): refugees from European exclusions; transatlantic immigrants; multilingual and transnational identities; settlers in ethnic urban cores; boundary-dwellers in frontier peripheries. The American story of the Jesuits contrasts sharply with European ones. On the Continent, along with the shifting fortunes of France after Napoleon, both German-speaking lands and the Italian peninsula (including, of course, the Papal States) underwent steady processes of “unification” into the eventual nation-states of Germany and Italy. Ultramontanist Jesuits became identified with the Papacy’s own intransigent antimodernist opposition to 19th-century “Liberalism” (representative government, separation of church and state, popular suffrage, freedom of speech, press, and religion, etc.). Perhaps the most important battleground in these culture wars was education: free public school systems set up over and against religiously affiliated ones. As a consequence, the narrative of European Jesuits and their extensive educational network is one of alternating waves of endorsement and repression, retrieval and expulsion. By contrast, Jesuits who came to America, and most especially to the Midwest and Great Lakes regions during a rapid surge in urban industrial expansion, found enthusiastic reception. In new urban centers, a surge in Catholic immigrant populations provided much-needed labor. Like the people they served, these first restored Jesuits and their women religious collaborators–for example, Arnold Damen, S.J. and Mary Agatha Hurley, B.V.M.–were also European immigrants.  Nevertheless, they were expected to lead the way even as they themselves underwent the process of becoming “Americans.” They needed to create new identities, at once continuous with their European Catholic inheritance even as they accommodated themselves to a new world of democratic participation, scientific innovation, religious, ethnic, and cultural pluralism. Contemporaneous with this immersion in urban cores, restored Jesuits and their women religious collaborators–for example, Pierre-Jean Smet, S.J. and Philippine Duchesne, R.S.C.J.–engaged in explorations of and settlements on ever-shifting frontier peripheries. Prior to the Suppression of the Society of Jesus (1773), Jesuits had been well-known for their tradition of linguistic, anthropological, and ethnographic exchanges. Painstaking descriptions of the cultures and regions they encountered were collected and published in the mammoth Jesuit Relations. This same wondrous fascination recommenced after 1814–although it was now inflected through the perspectives of both 19th-century Romanticism and contemporaneous expeditionary literature (like that of Lewis and Clark). As American Indians underwent forced migrations and westward displacements, both Jesuits and women religious transported their institution-building to reservations, establishing mission schools on these frontier peripheries. As the 19th century passed into the 20th, cultural boundaries continued to shift as previous peripheries became established cores. Descendants of marginal immigrants became central players; territory that had once been prairie-filled boundaries grew into urban cores. Successful expansion of higher education institutions demanded the hybridization of a distinctively Catholic modernity. The first classroom building at Chicago’s Loyola University lakeshore campus was Cudahy Science Hall (1910), marked as such by its distinctive observatory dome; similarly, laboratories and scientific education played a leading curricular role in the adjacent Mundelein College (1930) for women established by the Sisters of Charity of the B.V.M. Throughout the Great Depression, World War II, the Cold War era and Vietnam, descendants of immigrants continued to shape and be formed by the American Experience. Thus, in marked contrast with the European Jesuit experience, largely a story of church-state conflict in an age of nationalism, the American Jesuit experience was a story of innovation and expansion. Although it too took place within an overall context of nation-building, the circumstances were radically different as the American project was not one of church-state conflict. Immigrant Catholics were minorities and marginal, many of them non-Anglophone as well as illiterate. Cultural soil was ready for the Jesuit educational tradition of the pre-Suppression Society, distinguished by its Renaissance Humanist emphasis on language and literacy. After the 1814 Restoration, this tradition was redeployed in radically new contexts for a multi-pronged mission of “Americanization”: crossing and dwelling in geographies both core and peripheral, urban and frontier; encountering immigrant newcomers and indigenous peoples; adapting religious traditions for both cradle-born and newly-converted believers. 3 thoughts on “About 1. I was fortunate to attend the opening talk at the recent conference and thoroughly enjoyed it. I have been sharing some of the enlightening information with other women and they have been amazed. I am wondering if the recording of the opening will be available as I have a cousin who is a Franciscan sister and I know she would love to hear it. Thank you so much. Kind regards, Annette Knitter 2. This was such a great conference, I am sure everyone could learn lot of thing and this Crossing and Dwelling conference end with a great success
Unit Two‎ > ‎ Transport Mechanisms The Cardiac Cycle is the process of contraction and relaxing of the heart's atria and ventricles. Although when we talk about the heart we use the words systole instead of contraction and diastole instead of relaxing. The heart is divided into four chambers consisting of two atria and two ventricles. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior Vena Cava. This blood then passes into the right ventricle by atrial systole, which is then pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary artery, by ventricular systole. This blood becomes oxygenated as the haemoglobin in the red blood cells combines with the oxygen, creating oxyhaemoglobin. This blood is transported back to the heart via the pulmonary vein into the left atrium. This is pumped into the left ventricle during atrial systole, and then pumped into the rest of the body through the aorta. Strucure of the Heart The frequency of the beats of the heart is controlled by the heart's own conducting system - the Conducting system. The pacemaker, also known as the sino-atrial node (SAN), is the source of the electrical impulse which causes the heart to beat, located in the top of the right atrium. This spontaneous stimulation causes atrial systole, this impulse travels down the middle of the heart and through the atrio-ventricular node (AVN). This impulse then travels down through the apex of the heart via conducting fibres, causing ventricular systole. This process allows the heart to either speed up or slow down, this depends on the stimulation of either the sympathetic or parasympathetic nerves. Blood Pressure: The pressure of blood as it flows through the circulatory system fluctuates. This is caused by the ventricular systole and diastole. Blood pressure can be measured with an instrument called a sphygmomanometer. The pressure of blood decreases in progressive order: (highest to lowest) arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules then veins. Peripheral Resistance is the resistance of blood flow caused by the friction between the blood and walls of the vessels. The arterioles present the greatest resistance to blood flow and are the cause for the greatest overall resistance. Lymphatic System The walls of the minuscule lymphatic vessels are porous, allowing them to absorb the excess tissue fluid filtered out of the bloodstream in capillary beds. This fluid, called lymph, is collected by a network of lymph capillaries which unite to form larger lymphatic vessels. These vessels eventually return their content back to the bloodstream via two lymphatic ducts which enter the veins coming from the arms. The Lymphatic System The flow of lymph through these vessels is brought about by the movement of the limbs which pushes the lymph around, the back-flow of lymph is prevented by the presence of valves. Each finger like villus in the small intestine has its own channel for absorbing lipids (fats) called a lacteal. The lipids is then a constituent of lymph, which will be transported into the bloodstream to use as an energy source during respiration (or stored for the future). Lymph nodes are bean like structures found throughout the lymphatic system. They mostly occur in groups found around the neck, groin and armpits. Each node consists of a layer of lymph nodules surrounding a Central Medulla. In the middle of each lymph nodule there is a germinal centre which is the site of lymphocyte production. As the lymph enters the nodes they pass through a channel covered with macrophage cells which are able to engulf any pathogens which may have entered the body.
When discussing healthy foods, eggs often get a bad rap. There’s good news for egg lovers, however. When eaten in moderation (just one egg per day), the breakfast staple enjoyed by millions of people on a daily basis isn’t just good for you. Start the day off right. These are 3 reasons why you should eat eggs: 1.  Eggs are Low Calorie, High Nutrition Despite being low in calories, eggs are one of the most nutrient dense foods available. They are an excellent source of protein and also provide quite a dose of vitamin D, vitamin B-12, selenium, and choline. 2.  Eggs Promote Eye Health Eggs might even be able to help protect your eyesight. The high levels of antioxidants found in eggs work to prevent age-related mascular degeneration, which is the leading cause of blindness. 3.  They’re Versatile and Easy to Enjoy Eggs are versatile, filling, and packed with everything your body needs to function properly. Despite outdated claims that any egg consumption is bad for cholesterol levels, recent studies show that eating 1-2 eggs per day has no effect on total cholesterol for most people. Fry them, scramble them, poach them, or boil them—regardless of how you prepare them, eggs can do wonders for your health.
Outline of the discussion following the Telders Lecture by Orlando Figes In document Stalin's ghost: the legacies of Soviet history and the future of Russia (Page 31-36) After a few words of gratitude towards Orlando Figes for his brilliant and provocative speech on the awful history of Soviet Russia and its after- math, Frits Bolkestein – president of the Telders Foundation – invites the public to take part in the discussion. Under Stalin there was without doubt a great deal of terror, much more than nowadays, but at least there was less corruption. This might be one reason, why Stalin is remembered more positively. Another reason can be found in sheer numbers. In his speech, Figes mentioned that under Stalin there were 25 million victims of repression, which means that 175 million people did not suffer from direct repression. Figes agrees that the corruption might be worse nowadays, but he disa- grees on the smoothing over of the impact of 25 million victims of repres- sion. This number of suppressed is only by conservative estimates. In fact there were 35 million sentences to the Gulag, but as many people got several sentences during Stalin’s regime it is hard to figure out the exact number of victims. This is why the actual number of victims is estimated on 25 million, which means that one in eight of the Soviet population in 1940 had been repressed. Statistically, Figes states, this involves virtually every family in Soviet Russia in some sort of repression, if not directly than through their mother, grandfather, brother etc. This makes it even more dazzling that Russian textbooks only mention 3 million sentences. Imagine a German textbook in which people could read about 600.000 people who died in the Holocaust. How did the Soviets gain control over all Russia? Their bureaucratic ma- chine seemed to have worked quite well. Although a good answer to this question would take another lecture, Figes tries to explain it in short. Many people would say centralized pow- er did not work, as it does not work in Russia nowadays. The October Revolution was based on a mass movement of soviets who had grown up in 1917. In the beginning this was a revolution of workers taking over factories and villages being run by peasant committees. They just hap- pened to call themselves soviets. Soviet doesn’t mean anything Bolshevik, it just means council. This trend and these movements became increas- ingly controlled by the Bolshevik party during the civil war. In the 1920s the Bolsheviks had control over parts of the cities, but the countryside remained way beyond their real control. There was a lot of opposition in the countryside. Stalinism is about crushing independent organizations, crushing the village. The collectivisation was a war on the peasants. It was not primarily about economic control, but about crushing the village as an independent political entity. Stalinism is very much about seizing control of the country, and terror was an important and inherent mean to achieve that. Why is the civil war veiled with so many uncertainties? Why did the whites loose in 1919, when in fact they were only 100 kilometres away from the capital, and they were in so large numbers? Figes explains that he spent quite some time doing research on the number of desertions on both sides. Normally, peasants flee from the bat- tlefield as soon as they have to take care of their harvest, to make sure they survive the winter. What happened in October 1919 is remarkable. Large numbers of peasants voluntarily came back to fight on the side of the red army against the whites. This was not because they only hated the whites; on the contrary, they hated both the red and the whites. But they chose the side of the reds, because they were afraid that the whites would take away their land. Unfortunately for the peasants they helped the Bolsheviks to win the civil war. Then followed the massive uprisings in 1920-21, that forced the Bolsheviks to retreat. Asked about the role played by the Russian Orthodox Church in reshaping collective memory, Figes explains that the church has mainly been ac- tive for repressed priests and believers. Besides, the church was concerned with the reconstruction of their sacred sites and the church buildings. In the beginning the Yeltsin regime tried to separate church and state, but already in the late Yeltsin years the Russian Orthodox Church (re)gained a privileged position. Although the church has its own victims of oppres- sion to lament, it is very compromised by its involvement in the national- ism of the Putin-regime. It was during this regime that the link between church and state grew stronger again, and Putin is very visible as a devout orthodox believer. There is some hope that under influence of Western television and the internet the attitude of the Russians towards their national history will change. In fact Russian society is opening up, as a growing number of peo- ple is now connected to the internet which gives them the opportunity to learn about Western ideas – also on their own Russian history. More Russians also start to travel abroad, which brings them in contact with the world outside Russia. There are possibilities enough for Russians to revaluate their history, apart from the information they receive in Russia. The problem, however, is that young Russians are not interested in history at the moment; they just want to make a living. If you look on the way the continuing of history is represented in the public media, you see that there is an authoritarian, statist tradition. This is in fact the Russian way with the concept of sovereign democracy. This tradition is different from the traditions in the West, but this does not necessary have to abide the principles of liberal democracy. In a sovereign democracy there are so-called democratic institutions, but meanwhile the authoritarian tradition of the state as the main manager of history is pre- served. The very symbol of this was a poster in the election campaign of Russia. On this huge poster was the map of Russia with in its borders pic- tures of everyone the leaders wanted to claim as part of a positive inherit- ance Russia could build upon. So there were the faces of Peter the Great, Catherine the Great, Alexander Nevsky, Lenin, Putin and also Stalin. This was a shock, Figes recalls, it would be like a German election poster with Hitler on it as positive part of German history. Asked whether he can draw something positive from Soviet history, Figes admits that he himself once was an optimist in that respect, but not any- more. After many visits to the country and making many friends with Russians in the last twenty-five years, he cannot think of something in the Stalin era we can look at as a positive development. Especially in the last six months he never heard so much pessimism from people who other- wise are optimistic like himself. In his book Natasha’s Dance Figes writes about the positive elements in Russian history. These are mainly found in the Russian culture, the creative spirit and the endurance of its people, but that time unfortunately belongs to the past before the Soviet regime. Figes is not so pessimistic as to see the current administration becoming fascist in the future. Although the system is corrupt, statist, and succeeds in keeping its neighbours weak, Figes cannot imagine that the massive waves or terror will return, nor the threatening of large minorities. In Figes’ opinion the future importance of Russia on the world stage will diminish in comparison to the last 60 years. The prospects for the country are worrying under the present regime. Although there has been a massive exploitation and export of the countries natural resources, there has not been much development of high-tech industry or infrastructure. Besides, Russia has huge demographic problems, caused by the combination of a very low birth rate and an alarmingly high death rate. This mortality is very often alcohol related and mainly affecting the male population. Two other problems Russia is facing are the brain drain and the flight of capital. The current administration finds itself confronted with serious and alarm- ing concerns for the future. With the enormous promotion of nationalism the regime tries to counteract these trends a bit. Asked about the popularity of Stalin among the non-Russians living in Russia, Figes states that the picture is mixed. Some groups like the Geor- gians – Stalin was born in Georgia – and eastern-Ukrainians have a posi- tive view of Stalin. On the other hand, groups from Chechnya or the Baltic states have a negative view of the dictator. For a large part the identifica- tion with Stalin is not just a Russian thing, but a Soviet thing. In former Soviet states like the Baltics, where the regime is not trying to preserve some positive image, you get an entire different picture. At the end of the evening Figes said that now it would not be possible any- more to do the project for The Whisperers. Most of the people that were interviewed are now dead and this was the last generation that could speak with any authority about their experiences during the Stalin period. But the project also could not have been done before. People probably would not be prepared to speak to the researchers as they did now, because they would feel too frightened with the memory of communism still vivid. Notwithstanding all the problems Russians and organisations like Memo- rial are facing nowadays, Figes expects to continue working in Russia.
Menu Home You Will Certainly Never Ever Idea That Knowing Health And Wellness Could Be So Beneficial! The Globe Health and wellness Organization defines health and wellness as “a state of full psychological and physical well-being devoid of illness or infirmity.” Lots of other interpretations exist, yet the World Bank and the USA Department of Farming define health and wellness as the lack of physical, social, or mental impairments. Regardless of the interpretation, it is necessary to note that there is no solitary, generally agreed-upon meaning. The complying with listing supplies some standard standards. The very first step is to choose just how you define health and wellness. As a whole, wellness is the capability to execute tasks that promote physical as well as psychological health and wellness. The last classification, social and also psychological, includes the ability to manage circumstances that can intimidate one’s physical health. It is also a representation of a person’s social and also emotional health. There are several various sorts of examinations that assess wellness, from blood pressure to cholesterol levels. A physical exam will commonly consist of a variety of examinations to figure out the level of health. Another interpretation for health and wellness is an absence of handicaps. An individual’s state of health can be defined by their mental, emotional, and also social wellness. This definition makes the concept of health and wellness an extravagant and also disadvantageous objective. It falls short to account for the effects of different persistent problems as well as a variety of various other factors. As an example, an individual may have a handicap that influences their physical health. On top of that, it does not think about a person’s health and wellness, including their mental, emotional, and spiritual health. Normally, an individual’s state of health and wellness is figured out by the level of physical activity they do. On top of that, an individual’s psychological state may affect the way they really feel regarding their wellness. A high psychological state will be most likely to lead a much healthier lifestyle. A favorable psychological state is important in promoting health and wellness. Individuals’s mental wellness depends upon a person’s capacity to cope with the stressors and also difficulties that life brings. The primary step in specifying health and wellness is to identify what it suggests to you. A person’s state of wellness can be defined as the lack of physical issues and the lack of mental disorders. However, it is not constantly simple to identify what constitutes health. Although some individuals assume that wellness is the lack of disease, the World Wellness Company’s constitution really refers to wellness as a state of complete physical as well as mental wellness. The World Health and wellness Company’s constitution, the term “wellness” is an extensive idea that encompasses not only the lack of physical or psychological conditions yet the individual’s social circumstances. According to the WHO, wellness is the capacity to adjust to a particular setting. A person’s physical and also mental health are very closely linked. A healthy body can help an individual manage stress and anxiety and enhance their quality of life. It is crucial for a specific to preserve excellent mental as well as physical health to flourish worldwide. This is the vital to a full life. There are a number of factors of wellness: The World Health And Wellness Company (THAT) specifies it as a resource that is necessary for a specific to make it through. Comprehending just how various people specify health is a vital primary step. Words is not universal, yet there are many differing interpretations of wellness. For instance, the WHO defines health and wellness as “a state of complete and also mental wellbeing.” In the US, the term “health and wellness” additionally incorporates a variety of various other aspects. While typical medical methods take into consideration the physical, behavioral, and environmental aspects, the principle of wellness relates to the human right to wellness and health. Wellness can be viewed as the absence or existence of disease. It is a person’s responsibility to attain the highest level of physical wellness feasible. It can also be considered as a state of full physical well-being. There are many different measures of health and wellness as well as what defines an individual’s health is a complex concept. For example, the World Wellness Organisation defines a healthy person as a person that has no physical or psychological restrictions. There are many variables that influence a person’s health and wellness. The physical setting consists of contamination degrees, economic degrees, and the social and political setting. For example, sea-level occupants might endure anemia or shortness of breath when they are in the hills. For those that live at sea-level, it is not uncommon for a sea-level person to have a heart attack or anemia. A fragile person can endure lack of breath in the mountains as a result of heavy shoveling. The World Health Company has specified that wellness is a basic human right. However, this meaning is much from global. There are various means to define health and wellness, and also it is necessary to understand just how the various point of views associate with it. It is essential to understand the link between health and engagement in culture. While health care is an integral part of life, a healthy way of life additionally supports an individual’s capacity to take part in society. It’s also a basic human right. There are lots of elements that influence health. Some of these are inherited, while others are based upon social aspects. As an example, a top notch way of life is an individual’s responsibility. A healthy individual has a healthy family. A healthy and balanced individual is a healthy individual who has a favorable attitude. It is an ideal problem for an individual to feel well. It can likewise help them cope with stress. A much healthier neighborhood will be able to make the most effective use of their staminas. According to the World Wellness Organization, wellness describes the state of being literally, psychologically, and socially healthy and balanced. The Globe Health and wellness Organization’s meaning of health and wellness requires the presence of equilibrium between the body and the social setting. Simply put, health and wellness is a balance between a person’s wellness as well as their environment. It is the result of a balanced life. This is an important high quality in society, as well as is fundamental to an individual’s capacity to successfully join culture. While wellness is a complicated concept, it is a global human right. It is the state of health. It consists of mental as well as social health and wellbeing and is established by the client’s mindsets and also plans regarding dealing with a condition. The Globe Health And Wellness Organisation has an interpretation of health and wellness that resembles that of health. Although both ideas are essentially related, the that states that “health and wellness is a state of complete physical as well as psychological well-being.” Additional hints The Globe Health Organization’s meaning of health and wellness differs from what you may assume. The word “health” refers to an individual’s total health. In the USA, the interpretation of health and wellness is the lack of infirmity and also death. However on the planet, it is also regarding the way of living. A person may have a reduced life span than a person in one more nation. A great meaning of health is “a state of complete physical and also mental wellness.” Categories: Uncategorized Leave a Reply
The biotech sector is one of the most carefully regulated industries in the world.  Biotech products must meet an exhaustive series of regulatory requirements to ensure environmental and human safety before they are released onto the market. Sound regulation and proper stewardship are essential to ensure the responsible and sustainable use of biotechnology.  CropLife international supports a global, innovation-friendly regulatory environment – one that is predictable, transparent and guided by good science.  Science-based regulation is the most effective way to ensure farmers have the choice of the best available technologies to help them meet their own agricultural needs in a sustainable way. We work with international institutions and governments to ensure the introduction of transparent, workable standards based on sound science and risk assessments that are harmonized where possible.  Unfortunately, the regulation of plant biotechnology is currently far from harmonized.  Different regions have quite different approaches and do not recognize the validity of other countries’ approvals.  And not all countries base their decisions on scientific evidence: in Europe in particular, decision-making is often political.  Such differences do nothing to protect consumers or the environment, but instead create unnecessary barriers to innovation and trade.
8 Brain Training Websites & Games to Level up Students Attention Brain training games consists of a whole range of tests and exercises which is aimed to stimulate the cognitive functions of individuals, students being no exception. The reason why these games hold importance for students more than ever is because students in the 21st century do not have the same attention span as students did few years back. Games of any kind have the power to motivate students and fill them with energy. Say, the use of video games in education was a matter of huge debate some time before. However, academicians from worldwide have taken under consideration various studies to ascertain the educational benefits of using video games as an educational tool. One of the greatest benefits of video games is that, it allows students to challenge their imagination and develop necessary life skills such as cooperation with others and understand new concepts. Few other benefits being- 1. Games offer a challenging learning environment 2. The knowledge and skills learnt through game playing are more suited to the 21st century than what has been traditionally taught in schools; and 3. Games offer opportunities for social and collaborative practices to emerge around them. Therefore, think it for yourself, isn’t it more logical to consider including brain training websites and Apps in your pedagogy if you wish to teach your students the necessary 21st Century skills in an amusing way. Exciting Brain training website, Apps to Include in Your Teaching Repository Brain training resources help to improve the memory, response time and logical skills, giving the mind a workout it requires. Let’s thus explore the top websites and games which will keep students brain sharp and improve their mental fitness one by one. 1. Sudoku A highly logic based, combinational number placement puzzle, this game surely tops the list. It will help students sharpen their both their memory and logical ability side by side. With a number of websites offering free Sudoku now, one can play this game online as well and not just on paper. Just like crosswords, Sudoku is available at varying degrees of difficulty. 2. Lumosity Lumosity is yet another highly developed brain training and mental fitness website to consider. One can sign for free account which offers three games per day- or choose the subscription services. The reason why this tool is super cool for the students is because, by playing this game; students find themselves challenging their brain and getting better at scores along the way. Most importantly, these are fun brain training and mental fitness games, tests and activities backed by science. 3. Happy Neuron It is a scientifically designed brain training solution that helps students to stimulate their cognitive functions. The website contains various kinds of games and activities that can be divided into five critical brain areas: memory, attention, language, executive functions and visual/spatial. Like Lumosity, it personalizes the training to fit the needs of the students, tracks their progress and the games are based on scientific research. Using the website does come with a monthly subscription fee. However, for the first try, the benefit of free trail can be utilized by students. 4. Brain Age 2 for Nintendo DS This brain game contains a number of games that help hone students concentration, memory, calculation and other brain skills. This resource is a worth try out game as it has everything in it, say from fun to portability to challenges that level up the brain functions. 5. My Brain Trainer This brain trainer website contains a series of exercises or games to improve memory, increase information processing, sharpen visual discrimination and improve mental fitness. The tool can be regarded as an online brain gym and it is similar in format to Lumosity and Happy Neuron. For the best effect, the website recommends 10 minutes of brain training twice a day. It also has a basic training program that claims to improve the mental speed. 6. Braingle It has over 15,000 brain teasers, riddles, logic problems and mind puzzles. In order to give the brain a super workout, one can even create their own puzzle in this super exciting game. 7. Queendom Queendom is a completely addictive and free website that has thousands of personality tests and surveys. This tool also has an extensive collection of “brain tools”- including mind-stretches, trivia quizzes and aptitude tests- for the students to exercise and test their brain. 8. Brain Metrix This education website also contains a number of brain fitness programs that has in it both fun and stimulating power to charge up the brain muscles. Through this tool students can train as well as test memory or their reflexes and sharpen creativity levels by working on the shortcomings. Did you find the information on the tools useful? Did we miss out any other super cool tool which is your personal favourite? Please drop a comment mentioning the name of the tool and what feature of the web resource excites your students the most. Before we finally wind off this piece, we would like to request you to make use of the list of tools mentioned above and recommend your colleagues as well to make use of the tools. About the Author Author: Ananya DebroyWebsite: http://edtechreview.in Like what we do? The Latest EdTech News To Your Inbox Follow us:
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: Overview, Symptoms and Treatment By August 20, 2019December 28th, 2020No Comments Excessive Sleepiness in DaytimeHealthMental Health What is Excessive Daytime Sleepiness? The human body has a sleep-wake cycle. An average individual needs 6-8 hours of night sleep. Excessive sleepiness refers to when the individual feels drowsy even after sleeping at night. This becomes a problem when the routine activities and the job of the person gets affected. What are the causes of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness? The causes can be categorized as lifestyle, medical and psychiatric. Lifestyle causes • Poor sleep habits like falling asleep in the late hours of the morning, sleeping late and getting less nighttime sleep, excessive stress leading to decreased nighttime sleep can lead to sleepiness in the daytime. Also Read: Foods to Eat for a Good Night’s Sleep Medical causes • Hypothyroidism: Decreased thyroid hormone levels can affect the brain leading to increased lethargy and drowsiness in the individual. • Obstructive sleep apnoea: These individuals have problems in breathing during sleeping leading to frequent episodes of awakening in the middle of the night. This leads to compromised sleep which in turn causes drowsiness and sleep spells during the day. • Restless leg syndrome: It is a disorder of the nervous system leading to an uncontrolled involuntary urge to move the legs in sitting or lying down position especially in the evening and night. This constant leg movement can disrupt the sleep of the person leading to daytime sleepiness. • Parkinson’s Disorder • Alzheimer’s disease • Medication: Patients suffering from insomnia, depression, anxiety are often prescribed medications to help them sleep which leads to increased drowsiness in the day time as a side effect among other symptoms. Psychiatric causes • Anxiety and Depression: Individuals with anxiety and depression either suffer from insomnia or excessive sleepiness • Narcolepsy: This is a disorder where there is deficiency of certain chemicals leading to increased sleep and other symptoms • Insomnia: People suffering from insomnia have excessive sleepiness in daytime as result of compromised sleep at night due to various reasons. Also Read: Remedies to fight Insomnia in elderly What are the symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness? • Sudden sleep spells in the day • Excessive drowsiness • Constantly feeling tired • Making lapses in judgments • Inability to concentrate What are the investigations for excessive daytime sleepiness? The investigations depend upon the type of causes suspected. Blood tests, thyroid hormone levels will be advised in case of hypothyroidism. In other causes like obstructive sleep apnoea a complete ear nose throat (ENT) examination is done followed by the appropriate investigations. MRI and CT scan can be done in individuals of suspected Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinsonism etc to understand the diagnosis and the severity of the disease. In the case of suspected psychiatric causes, investigations are not required. The doctor asks various questions pertaining to their sleep patterns, how much they sleep at night, their mood patterns and other questions to reach the diagnosis. Also Read: 5 Apps That Will Help Older Adults Sleep Better What is the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness? It is important to have a proper sleep schedule and to improve sleeping habits. Certain techniques to help the person sleep properly at night can help. If any medical cause is detected, it should be promptly treated. Also, the doctor can prescribe medicines to treat depression and anxiety in individuals. However, the correct dose and the correct medicine is important in this case as these medicines cause increased sleep during the day. If the medication is found to be the culprit, it should be stopped and an alternative can be given. In some cases, doctors can prescribe modafenil to the patients. In cases where the cause is unknown or cannot be treated, symptomatic treatment is given. Also Read: 10 Magical Herbs by Ayurveda for Holistic Health Write a Comment
Polygon Created with Sketch. Home | Investing in skills for inclusive trade Over recent decades, the global economy has experienced a profound transformation, mostly as a result of the joint forces of trade integration and technological progress, accompanied by important political changes. Increased trade integration has helped to drive economic growth in both high- and low-income economies, lifting millions out of poverty in emerging and developing countries. Since the global financial crisis of 2007–08, however, trade, productivity and income growth have decelerated. At the same time, trade is increasingly perceived as leaving too many individuals and communities behind. Reaping the benefits from global trade and effective integration into global markets goes hand in hand with the adoption of new technologies, improved forms of work organization and productivity increases. Given the role of skills in trade, it is vital to put a strong emphasis on skills development. Human capital is one of the principal enablers of trade growth and economic diversification and is also an important “buffer” facilitating the adjustment to more open trade. Appropriate skills development policies are key to helping firms expand their export activities; they are also key to helping workers who lose their jobs make a smooth and rapid transition to new jobs with equal or higher wages. These two effects reinforce each other. For trade to grow, it needs to be more inclusive; and more exports offer more employment opportunities. Skills development policies constitute one among many policy instruments available to governments to make trade inclusive by enabling firms and workers to participate in trade, by lowering adjustment costs and by distributing more evenly the benefits of trade and technological progress. Other active labour market policies (ALMPs), such as job-search assistance or activation strategies, passive labour market policies such as unemployment insurance, and social policies, as well as complementary policies such as housing or credit market policies, can also be used to lower adjustment costs, while various instruments are available to redistribute the gains from trade or technology to those whose skills are less in demand because of those changes.
Chat with us, powered by LiveChat Increase In Money Supply Is Causing Inflation Economic Foundation Print Friendly, PDF & Email EDITOR'S NOTE: The Mises Institute pushes back against the central bank and mainstream analysts’ narrative that “shortages” are what is causing the skyrocketing inflation we are seeing in 2021. While there is no doubt that labor shortages and supply chain issues are leading to bare shelves and increased prices, “excessive demand stimulus and money creation are the real culprits.” Inflation is a product of the demand for the money supply brought on by the Fed’s unprecedented pandemic-related stimulus, and not shortages as many would like you to believe. The Mises Institute also thinks inflation is not transitory, and what’s happening now bears “a striking resemblance to the boom that preceded the Great Recession.” For central bankers and mainstream analysts the recent inflation outburst is only a transitory phenomenon which has nothing or very little to do with the massive monetary and fiscal stimuli unleashed during the pandemic. Although the Fed has recently conceded that price pressures are persisting longer than expected, the surge of inflation is allegedly due to supply bottlenecks caused by the pandemic. This superficial diagnosis serves as a convenient excuse for politicians to keep in place damaging growth stimuli and draconian public health measures. Inflation Is Not Driven by a Shortage of Supply Mainstream economists define inflation as an increase in consumer prices which occurs when the growth of money supply outpaces economic growth.1 In other words, too much money is chasing too few goods. If the recent surge in inflation were driven by a shortage of goods rather than an increase in the money supply, then aggregate output would be shrinking. But this is not the case, because global economic output is projected by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to grow by 5.7 percent in 2021 after having dropped by 3.4 percent in 2020. This year, the output lost during the pandemic is expected to be recovered in both advanced and emerging economies, including in the US (graph 1). As a matter of fact, inflation was accelerating this year at the same time that industrial production was recovering to prepandemic levels in both the US and the EU (graph 2). The alleged shortage of supply at an aggregate level appears to be a myth. Graph 1: Real GDP growth Source: IMF World Economic Outlook. Graph 2: Inflation and industrial production Source: IMF World Economic Outlook. Graph 2: Inflation and industrial production Source: FRED and Eurostat. The invoked shortage of supply is primarily based on anecdotal evidence about unmet demand and rising prices in specific economic sectors, such as semiconductors, cars, furniture, and energy. But those who claim that supply is insufficient do not bother to analyze whether the squeeze of supply chains is due to chronic shortage of production or to excess demand. Moreover, even if supply were short for certain goods due to production lockdowns, changes in consumer schedules, or environmental greening policies, a surge in the aggregate price level would not take place if the money supply and aggregate demand remained broadly unchanged. The squeeze on some individual supply chains would be compensated for by lower demand for other goods and services, and only relative prices would change in the economy. Let us have a closer look at specific cases of widely perceived supply bottlenecks. The shortage of shipping containers and logistic problems at several ports in the US and Asian countries seems central to many other supply chain bottlenecks. Shipping costs have soared indeed, but shipped volumes have increased as well (graph 3).2 This does not indicate a lack of supply, but rather buoyant demand for international transport. Experts from leading shipping groups report that major US ports, container groups, and logistics companies can barely handle the surge in international trade. This is not surprising given that both US imports and its trade deficit surged by more than 20 percent year on year in the first seven months of 2021, as consumers rushed to spend their stimulus checks. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development experts claim that the global demand for manufactured consumer goods increased throughout the pandemic, boosting the demand for container shipping and raising transportation costs. The surge in global demand has not only rearranged international trade flows to the advantage of China and other Asian economies, but has also pushed international trade volumes to new highs (graph 4). Graph 3: Global TEU shipping volume and price index global teu Source: Container Trades Statistics. Graph 4: Global volume of trade global volume of trade Source: World Trade Organization. The shortage of semiconductors, which affects car production, is also blamed on the inability of chip manufacturers to deal with an order backlog swollen by covid-19 and shipping disruptions. But the global semiconductor market expanded by 7 percent in 2020 and is projected to grow by another 20 percent this year (graph 5) and almost double in size by 2028. So, again, the shortage is being caused by a relatively rigid supply which cannot accommodate buoyant demand. The latter has increased not only from the automotive sector, in particular as electric vehicles use more chips, but also from manufacturers of computers and other consumer electronics, the consumption of which has surged during the pandemic. Graph 5: Global market for semiconductors global market Source: Statista 2021. The recent rally in energy prices, with coal and European gas hitting record highs and crude oil pushing above $80 a barrel, is also attributed to a constrained supply and perceived as a threat to the economic recovery. But the global supply has not shrunk; on the contrary, the world production of energy has been on a steady upward trend (graph 6). After growing by about 2.4 percent per year for the past three years, energy production fell by 3.5 percent in 2020 due to the lockdowns, but is expected to rebound by 4.1 percent in 2021. Graph 6: World energy production world energy production Source: Enerdata. The global energy supply would have been much higher and better balanced among sources and across regions had it not been for government-mandated green policies and carbon emission targets. In Europe, coal plants have been gradually phased out, as have nuclear power plants in Germany. They have been replaced by wind turbines and other renewable energy sources which underperformed recently due to adverse weather conditions. Together with lower gas deliveries from Russia, this has created a perfect storm in the European energy market. At the same time, China’s strict emissions targets and rising coal prices have also generated a power crunch, disrupting factory activity. In the same way that green government policies have undermined the production of energy, the lockdowns and stimulus paychecks generously handed out during the pandemic have created an artificial shortage of labor that is likely to exacerbate further inflationary pressures. Due to forced business closures, the US economy lost about 20 million jobs by April of last year. Despite the economic recovery, some 5 million jobs have not yet been filled, as millions of Americans have been paid to stay home or have left the labor force altogether. In Europe, trade unions are already asking for pay increases while surveys show that inflation expectations are rising. Excessive Demand Stimulus and Money Creation Are the Real Culprit The growth stimuli applied during the pandemic have been truly unprecedented in size and outreach. Massive government support and budget deficits monetized by central banks have been poured over economies weakened by recurrent lockdowns. Despite the loss of jobs and market incomes, US household wealth has increased by a staggering $32 trillion since the beginning of the pandemic, fueling consumer spending and aggregate demand. Together with an increase in the broad money supply by more than a third over the same period (graph 7), this indicates that the inflation is actually driven by too much money rather than too few goods. Graph 7: Money supply money supply Source: FRED. The rapid rise in inflation is also raising inflation expectations.3 Inflation depends not only on the mechanical outcome of changes in the supplies of money and goods, but also on the demand for money. If the public realizes that its cash holdings are being eaten away by significant price increases, it will move away from cash. In this case, inflation would accelerate beyond the pace of money creation, which is obviously the nightmare of all central bankers. The current surge in inflation is neither due to a shortage of supply nor transitory, as central banks want us to believe. It is primarily due to soaring consumer demand fueled by excessive growth stimuli and monetary creation. Government-imposed lockdowns and clean energy policies constraining output have exacerbated price increases. We are witnessing a consumption boom and persistent distortions in the structure of production, all bearing a striking resemblance to the boom that preceded the Great Recession. • 1.This definition is disputed by Austrian economists because price inflation lumps together monetary and nonmonetary causal factors, which have different consequences for the structure of production, incomes, and individual wealth. Therefore, Austrian economists define inflation as an increase in the supply of money beyond an increase in specie, i.e., commodity money such as gold or silver. • 2.According to the Financial Times, it costs more than $20,000 to ship a standard container from China to the East Coast of the US today, up from less than $3,000 two years ago. • 3.In the US, Consumer Price Index inflation advanced by 5.3 percent in August, housing prices grew by almost 20 percent year on year as of July, and the S&P 500 Index was up by almost 29 percent year on year at the end of September. Originally posted on Mises. Bank Failure Scenario Kit - sm2 Precious Metals and Currency Data Powered by nFusion Solutions
Machinist’s Accuracy Vs. Woodworker’s Precision There are at least two ways of making parts that fit together exactly. The first way is the Cartesian way, and the machinists way. Imagine that you could specify the size of both the hole and the peg that you’d like to put into it. Just make sure your tolerances are tight enough, and call out a slightly wider hole. Heck, you can look up the type of fit you’d like in a table, and just specify that. The rest is a simple matter of machining the parts accurately to the right tolerances, and you’re done. The machinist’s approach lives and dies on that last step — making the parts accurately fit the measure. Contrast the traditional woodworker’s method, or at least as it was taught to me, of just making the parts fit each other in the first place. This is the empirical way, the Aristotelian way if you will. You don’t really have to care if the two parts are exactly 30.000 mm wide, as long as they’re precisely the same length. And woodworkers have all sorts of clever tricks to make things the same, or make them fit, without measuring at all. Their methods are heavy on the jigs and the clever set-ups, and extraordinarily light on the calipers. To me, coming from a “measure carefully, and cut everything to measure” background, these ways of working were a revelation. This ends up expressing perfectly the distinction between accuracy and precision. Sometimes you need to hit the numbers right on, and other times, you just need to get the parts to fit. And it’s useful to know which of these situations you’re actually in. Of course, none of this is exclusive to metal or wood, and I’m actually mentioning it because I find myself using ideas that I learned in one context and applying them in the other. For instance, if you need sets of holes that match each other perfectly, whether in metal or wood, you get that precision for free by drilling through two sheets at one time, or by making a template — no measuring needed. Instead of measuring an exact distance from a feature, if all you care about is two offsets being the same, you can find a block of scrap with just about the right width, and use that to mark both distances. Is it exactly 1.000″ wide? Nope. But can you use this to mark identical locations? Yup. You can make surprisingly round objects in wood by starting with a square, and then precisely marking the centers of the straight faces, and then cutting off the corners to get an octagon. Repeat with the centers and cutting until you can’t see the facets any more. Then hit it with sandpaper and you’re set. While this won’t make as controlled a diameter as would come off a metal lathe, you’d be surprised how well this works for making round sheet-aluminum circles when you don’t care so much about the diameter. And the file is really nothing other than the machinist’s sandpaper (or chisel?). I’m not advocating one way of working over the other, but recognizing that there are two mindsets, and taking advantage of both. There’s a certain freedom that comes from the machinist’s method: if both parts are exactly 25.4 mm long, they’re both an accurate inch, and they’ll match each other. But if all you care about is precise matching, put them in the vise and cut them at the same time. Why do you bother with the calipers at all? Cut out the middle-man! 71 thoughts on “Machinist’s Accuracy Vs. Woodworker’s Precision 1. Wood is not a stable material. There’s not much room for precision. If the parts dont fit you hammer them down so they do. That’s why ikea furniture is a pita to assembe even though they are using precise and accurate cnc equipment. 1. Even when treated there’s some expansion and contraction in wood. It’s never perfectly stable. Density and grain interlock will affect that although that can also be negative. More likely to split than swell with the weather if it’s too interlocked. Metal has the benefit of mostly being affected only by temperature when it comes to fit. 1. The trick is to know that wood expands across the grain. If you try to bind something down by crossing the grain with two pieces, it either works the joints loose or cracks the board you’re trying to pin down. The puzzle boxes are built with careful attention to the grain direction, so the mechanism doesn’t bind. 2. QUOTE ” Wood is not a stable material. There’s not much room for precision.” In 1944 I went to “nursery school” at the Gesell Institute at Yale. ( They had great wooden toys. Sometimes they would sit down with you and ask you to do something like put different blocks through different shaped holes in a board. You had to get them lined up perfectly. 14 years later I had figured out what that was all about. And I met this guy who ran a precision machine operation in New Haven, drilling DEEP holes. Like aircraft machine gun barrels. In his home workshop he was making wooden blocks. Rock Maple, finished with beeswax. He trued each block up in a jig on a very fine sandpaper belt. Then he tested them under a dial indicator. He wanted them to be within a thousandth of an inch. We talked about Yale/Gesell and he told me he sometimes made identical tests for some other universities. I said, “How do you make the holes in the board??” “”Ahh..”. he said, “THAT”s the hard part…” 3. I remember talking about this to another machinist. He pointed out that making unique parts that fit each other is fine if you are making one-off prototypes. But if you are making multiple parts that need to match things made by other people, or if you are delivering parts that will be used by others in an assembly, you really have to work to dimensions — so it is good to discipline yourself to do so. The whole business of specifying tolerances for parts is a science in itself. 1. Metalworkers didn’t worry so much about accuracy and tolerances before the invention of mass production. If a skilled clockmaker is machining all the parts of a clock and assembling them one at a time, she only needs to make them fit each other. If you have a production line assembling a thousand clocks a day, the parts need to be interchangeable because there is no time for doing multiple trial assemblies and making tiny adjustments to every piece. 2. I’m all for precision and keeping in practice, but only when its practical to do so. The most important thing in any build/repair is that it works and you could make the part in whatever time frame you needed at a cost you can afford. To do real precision work often means custom fixtureing, and that both takes time, and costs in materials, where if you can tap it in well enough and just use your normal vice, the part might have taken longer in setup, but its done well enough and cheap… Really doesn’t work so well in wood either, which is partly why you think of working to measures and tolerances as machinist not wood working, as well as why most ikea furniture isn’t really wood. In wood you will have to adapt to that annoying placed knot, or shuffle around to avoid a void or warped section in a key spot (also remember it changes volume considerably with moisture content).. Its a natural product, full of ‘errors’ that make the 100% precision so any part from any run fits with any other in any order much harder to do well – Its not impossible, but suddenly you have to be very selective in species and cut of wood. Why lots of old wooden structures and benches etc use tapered pins or wedges (or metal mating surfaces), it lets you cut the important features as well as you can in the right sort of place and the wedge (or metal parts) will tighten up the imprecisions. 4. You actually do see some of the “equal by shared setup” in normal precise machining; this is why good 1-2-3 blocks and parallels come as matched pairs. The dimensions are made to hopefully quite good tolerances already, but the pair was made together, grinding them both in the same setup, so that they are _equal_ to a much tighter degree than their overall dimensions. You then lean on those equal-by-construction dimensions when you use them to have less error buildup. 5. Wood has a tendency to be a little flexible, so for example when building wooden frames for walls for my hackspace with my father. We’d notice some of the straight pieces would be a bit bent, but it didn’t matter as once everything was screwed together it would then straighten / pull out the bent bits and make everything straight as the final result. Metal on the other hand is very rigid by comparison, cast iron much more so that steel, which is why getting a perfect fit with metal is more important than wood. With wood you can just file a bit off more easily and it will shift a little bit over the year anyway as the humidity changes (sometimes noticeable with door frames if the gap around them isn’t big enough) 1. Cast iron is actually more flexible, but it’s more brittle so you don’t get to experience the effect. The Young’s modulus of cast iron falls between 1/2 to 3/4 that of carbon steel. People often confuse brittleness with rigidity. Concrete for example is about as flexible as stiff wood, such as oak. It just breaks at any tiny amount of tension, which is why it has to be built with a large enough cross section that there is negligible bending – which creates the illusion that concrete itself is stiff, when it’s the structure that makes it. 1. Indeed, I remember coming in my classroom one day in college, with all the tables and chairs put against the walls, and distinctly saw the floor lowering as we were walking in. 2. That is part of the difference. The other is that wood is much more affected by its environment. There is no point to working in thousandths with wood since it is moving constantly. It is also difficult to find two pieces of wood that would remain exactly in sync with each other in movement due to the variability of the material. Metals on the other hand remain more stable in size and in comparison to each other. Metal parts are very hard on each other if clearances are not correct. Another point is that metal parts are often made to be interchangeable with replacement parts, wood parts are generally built to only mate with each other and replacements would be custom made to fit. Interchangeable parts naturally require more careful consistent manufacturing processes. 6. Lol you talk about not having to “measure “ something and then in the next paragraph about creating a circle you say you “precisely marking the centers of the straight faces” Dude just learn to measure 1. Not necessarily. If you do it with something like a compass or gauge, yeah you have to set it to half the width before you mark it. But it’s common in woodworking to use a jig that has pegs on either side of the face of the workpiece, with the awl or pencil in the center. No measuring or setting required; just hold it at an angle with the pegs snug against either side, and the mark will be the center of the face. To Kerry’s point, it is a perfectly reasonable technique and easier to get a round part than with other methods. Some of which are hard to do without a hole in the center (like using a pencil on a string or similar). Honestly making a circular part out of flat stock seems hard to do with measurements, at least if you care about roundness. 7. I think its a spectrum…..wood working, precise (*very* generally) means different things than to say, people making air bearings, means something different to those in metrology. By the same token, techniques vary depending on your tolerance. Drill a hole through multiple parts? How perpendicular is your spindle? How much flex does the bit have? It may not matter depending on your tolerances, but then again, maybe it does. So I really think this is a problem of knowing your tolerances, knowing techniques, and knowing which techniques fit which tolerances. If your tolerance is 0.005″ you can be pretty sloppy and still get 0.005″ tolerances. I know, I’ve experimented on a machine I can maintain 0.0002″ tolerance with some effort and a relatively low rejection rate. So with a 0.005″ tolerance, its pointless to slow down, clean everything to exacting precision between parts, make sure as many surfaces are machined in the same setup as possible, measure every finished surface and adjust offset for thermal growth, etc….But when your tolerance is 0.0002″, you may not be able to get away with drilling multiple parts at once (how perpendicular is your spindle?, drill bit flex/walk), using a vise stop (how much space is between your part and the stop? How square is the surface touching the part, how square is your stop, etc). Make your tolerances even smaller, and you may not be able to to grind in the same operation (wheel wear), etc. So it really is a spectrum. The tighter the tolerance, the more exacting you have to be. The looser the tolerances, the more you can use woodworking techniques. 8. Often many fail to catch the difference between accuracy and precision – many MCUs incorporate an internal temperature sensor. They are often very precise, easily reading to a tenth of a degree. But, simultaneously, if not calibrated, the temperature can be several degrees off. So, precisely inaccurate. 9. Make it accurate or make it adjustable. I make a lot of one-off machines using a bridgeport mill, metal lathes and woodworking tools. Digital readouts on everything so I have a shot of getting what I expect for parts. Still, adjustability is good when I have to change the machine for other use. Sometimes its just because the final use isn’t well defined. Currently making a Rose Engine Lathe using 6 steppers and a servo motor. Everything is adjustable. 1. Seconded- I’ve done work in metal on one, would like to make my own since the real ones are so expensive and rare, please post that project when you’re done. Betting you already know of the Lindow Rose Engine Newsletter- if not, look it up. 1. Are you making it compatible with the Holtzapffel books for those lathes? It’d be neat to be able to use the data from those. Dunno why Charles Babbage didn’t team up with Holtzapffel. They made precise and accurate interchangeable parts for their fancy turning lathes. Calculating engine parts should have been easily within their abilities. 10. I suggest you acquaint yourself with the 19th century American invention of interchangeable parts. Even in 1900 a *lot* of metalwork was done with spring calipers and machines without calibrated dials. Parts were made to fit. That was especially the case in job shops where the majority of the work was repairs without the benefit of dimensional data other than the actual object. 1. Yep, if your making one offs precision is getting things to fit right, but if your making millions of things precision is making every part the same. In the 7 Years War if a Brown Bess broke it had to be rebuilt by a gunsmith, while in World War II an Indian Soldier could replace the bolt in an SMLE build in Britain with a bolt built in Australia and fire rounds made in Canada, both precision, both different. 11. I’m a life-long wood worker, CNCer and aspiring machinist. I think this missed a very important point – fit. Tolerances are a part of this but not the whole story. A lot of projects have parts that fit together. If you machine a 25.4 mm hole and a 25.4 mm peg, no matter what the material, they won’t fit together. At least not without a lot of force and maybe some cracking. So how much smaller than the hole do you make the peg? Well, it depends on the material and the kind of fit you want. Take a look at recommended hole sizes for screws and bolts and you will see “tight fit” and “loose fit” recommendations which are dependent on the materials involved. Just about everything you make needs fit factored in – by hand, CNC machined, laser cut, 3D printed. I find this issue far bigger than precision or accuracy. You can make something very accurately but if you want it to be perfect, you need to get the correct fit. 1. I was referring to “Know Your Fits and Tolerances,” Lewin Day, February 25, 2019. The link is in the first paragraph of this article. The video that article is about is very informative, has demonstrations, and even points you to industry standards for various types of fits. A nice way of doing that is to rig up a shear for thinner or softer materials, so you can set a center pivot at the right radius from the blade, and just chop material off as you rotate the piece. Works for some kinds of saw too, and against a disk sander. 13. I’m afraid the real definition of ‘precision’ doesn’t fit the theme of this article. To start, a ‘reading’ is a single test of some dimension or property. A ‘measurement’ is the average of a series of readings. One reading is only a ‘measurement’ in the trivial sense. A measuring system is ‘controlled’ if the average of the readings converges (always gets closer) to some value. Using that framework, ‘accuracy’ describes how well the measurement converges to the real value of the thing being measured. It’s also called ‘trueness’. ‘Precision’ describes how quickly the measurement converges. You can also see it as a measure of variation from one reading to the next.. the measurement converges slower when the difference between readings is a large fraction of the average, and converges faster when the difference between readings is small fraction of the average. It’s also called ‘repeatability’. So ‘precision’ only applies when you do the same thing multiple times. The trim-to-fit process implies a noticeable variation from one fit to the next. That’s the definition of low precision. Trim-to-fit is also called ‘truing up’ or ‘making true’, which fits the alternate name for accuracy. What we really have is a difference between consensus standards and ad-hoc standards. Consensus standards are maintained internationally by organizations like NIST in the US. Their goal is to make sure a 1.000″ hole fits in a 1.002″ hole with the same amount of clearance, regardless of whether they’re made in the same shop or in two shops with no communication other than calibration trails to their national standards organizations. Standards come in two general forms: artifact standards and process standards. Consensus artifact standards are things like the platinum-iridium bars that used to define the international meter, and the ones that still defines the international kilogram. Process standards are things that can be reproduced accurately, like the triple-point of water and the wavelength of a krypton-86 laser. Ad-hoc artifact standards are objects used as a reference for comparison within a given job or shop: a carpenter’s story stick is a great example. If you watch Adam Savage work in his cave, you’ll see him create and use ad-hoc standards over and over. The woodworker’s cut-and-fit process uses one part as the ad-hoc standard for the mating part. The part used as the standard doesn’t have to obey any conditions for size or uniformity, it just has to exist. The process of adjusting the mating part to fit the standard is one of improving accuracy: bringing the mating part into closer agreement with the standard. 1. Thanks for getting to the essence: the difference between precision and accuracy. To me, it’s understandable as shooting 100 times at a target. If 12 shots are to the core, and 88 scattered around the periphery, of which 40 are clustered very tightly in one edge. Although 12 shots were accurately in the desired place, the shooter or the weapon need to recalibrate because the majority of shots were precisely in the wrong place. 2. Respectfully you are using a specific definition of “precision” from metrology. But the word has been around for hundreds of years (therefore longer than metrology), and that’s not the only valid meaning. Traditionally, in English it means “exactly or sharply defined.” Outside of metrology, in the context of this article, it means that a machinist can make his parts accurately (with each part relatively close to the specified dimension—in other words, on average the machining process will be reasonably true to the specified dimension, which is necessary for interchangeable parts), and a woodworker can make his parts precisely (whether he even knows the dimensions or not, they fit precisely). The machinist probably also needs precision, depending on the required fit, but that’s not the point of the article. If you’ve ever seen a hand cut dovetail you will hopefully understand why “precision” applies to it even though nobody is going to pretend it’s NIST traceable in any way. “Sharply defined” doesn’t even do it justice. 1. The dovetail is not made by first cutting the parts and then fitting them together, but first cutting one part, then using it as a standard for the matching part, then making the matching part a bit oversize and whittling it down until you can bang it in. Then you trim off the bits that stick out and plane or sand the remaining surfaces flush, so you’re actually forming both parts at the same time. And, if you leave a tiny gap, you take a pinch of the sawdust and a dollop of glue, and mash it in the gap to hide your crime. 2. As a long time – and pretty decent – woodworker turned machinist, I can confidently say that thinking like a machinist will make you better at making that dovetail drawer front. And a lot of other things too. We, collectively, had to learn a lot to make modern machines and the parts we make on them. And that knowledge is applicable even if you’re using wood as your material. You spend a lot less time fussing and squaring and massaging if you machine your (wooden) parts accurately. And even if you can’t hold tight tolerances in your pine or mahogany like you can in a piece of brass, thinking about the deflection and rigidity and tool geometry you need to make a precise AND accurate part on your metal lathe or knee mill means you spend a lot less time sanding and shaving your wood parts to match each other. Of course you also eventually lose the sense of shame that comes from sticking a piece of metal in your project instead of keeping it traditional, or clamping up a board in the mill vice to cut a mortise…. -shrug- 14. I think that flat pack furniture is rather relevant. One cannot produce that economically if the parts are not interchangeable. Except for the tolerances, there is *no* difference between metal and wood work in a production environment. Comparing artisan practice to mass production is specious. The material is irrelevant. The significant difference is the number of pieces to be made. James Krenov and Ikea are worlds apart. Both are good, but the methods, products and prices are *very* different 15. I’m installing kitchen cabinets. To drill holes for the handles I made a simple jig from a piece of wood that’s about 1/2″ by 3/4″ and two tapered shims glued and brad nailed on at a right angle. Two of the small drawers had their fronts held on by a pair of screws exactly 3″ apart and halfway down the front. I drilled those through the drawer front and through the shims. With a center mark on the piece of wood for alignment I put a piece of painters tape on the top of a drawer front then measure and mark the center. Align the mark on the jig to the mark on the tape, then run the drill through the jig to mark the holes. Remove jig and finish the holes. The screws holding the handles reinforce the drawer front’s mounting to the drawer body. For the door handles, which have to be in a corner, and vertical, I measured where I wanted the holes on one door. Next, I aligned the edge of one shim with a horizontal feature at the top of one left base cabinet door, then measured out where the holes would be. I drilled those with a tiny bit so they just leave a small mark. To finish I flipped the jig over to a right door, aligning the other shim to the same feature. Then I finished the jig by making holes for the right door handles. Took me around 10 minutes to make the jig from scraps, and it’ll save a lot of time drilling all rest of the holes, plus ensure all the handles are properly positioned. 16. This article caught my attention and speaking as both a master wooden puzzlemaker and a master CNC machinist I can say that my own take on this is that precision is how many places past the decimal point you can make a measurement whereas accuracy is how close to the nominal intended dimension you make a part. So for example being able to take very precise measurements can help you make a part very accurately yet you can also make accurate parts that “do the job” just fine without needing to be precise about it, as this author has demonstrated with examples. Here is another way to look at it: just because something was made to a precise dimension does not mean it is accurate, for example I could precision grind a rod to 1.0000 inch diameter +\- 0.0001 which would be a very precise grinding job, yet if the customer wanted 1.1250 inch diameter then the part would be totally inaccurate. Also another example to consider is that when machining threads (of almost any sort) the standard way to measure the threads is by using calibrated GO / NO-GO gages and “feeling” how well the go gage fits, as opposed to directly measuring the threads in some sort quantitative way, like for example by using the 3 gage pin and micrometer technique. 17. Key point – metal parts are often built to be interchangeable, wood parts are often not. Metal parts are often in much harsher wear environments where fit matters more. Metal parts are often used in motion applications, wood much less so. It is that simple. 1. Not necessarily. Lignum vitae has been used in industrial applications like hydroelectric plants as bearings and even in a nuclear submarine (USS Nautilus). It’s a tropical hardwood with good wear resistance, high strength, extremely high density, and is naturally oily which provides a degree of self lubrication. There’s even bearings still in use today from back in the 70’s on turbines. You can machine it to within a few tenths and will remain relatively dimensionally stable. That said it is a bastard to machine and avoid tearout. Since it’s been logged to all hell and back it’s CITES appx II restricted so don’t expect to find much on the market. 2. Good point.. but… just because those are the common applications does not mean that there are outlying scenarios such as for example making wooden puzzles which must have pieces which slide across each other with high degree of accuracy, and which must also be interchangeable. It is possible to “machine wood” the same way one works with metal, and it is possible to hold tolerances with (certain types of) wood that would meet “basic” precision specifications for many machined metal parts (i.e. +/- 0.005″) Verawood is similar to Lignum vitae, but more readily available. It machines beautifully. Padauk is also incredibly dimensionally stable. 18. A friend of mine, fresh out of school, was hired to work in a metal shop His job was to mill out some blocks of metal according to a blueprint he was given. They needed 1000 of that part, in a given timeframe. The mill was and old worn out thing, and he did his best, but sometimes a part was out of spec and had to be scrapped. He had 2 pallets, one with scrap parts and one with good parts, one day he walked over to the next building where they mounted the parts he made, and discovered that none of the measurements were critical within 1mm or so, but the blueprint specifyed all tolerances to 1/10th of a mm. He then walked over to the constructor (in house) and asked him why the tight tolerances, the answer was “it’s the default in the program I design in, I never change that” Leave a Reply
Course by Andrey Losev,  Mathematical Department of HSE Research University and System Research Institute, Moscow.  Mathematical physics is a theoretical science that studies worlds that are somehow similar to the world we live in.  As a piece of physics it is a laboratory developing theoretical models that we would like to compare to observations in physics. Even if the model is definitely different from the real world it still is useful since it could contain phenomena similar to what we observe in the real world. In the model world such phenomena could look simpler and allow exact theoretical study. As a piece of mathematics it may be considered as geometry 2.0. Actually geometry started from studying the shapes that we meet in our world but later it turned on that its object of study are all possible shapes (spaces). We call mathematical physics as geometry 2.0 because it generalizes from shapes of the world to laws of the world (note that shape is one but not the only one law of the world). Just like geometry is unified with algebra Mathematical physics shares many ideas with modern mathematics, not only using them but providing different view on these ideas. Sometimes it even goes ahead of pure mathematical development. This course is aimed to give an introduction to some ideas of mathematical physics that surprisingly intertwine with ideas of algebraic geometry, supergeometry and homological algebra. I will also give a brief overview of developments of ideas of modern physics and explain how mathematical physics may be applied in real physics and in development of theoretical physics. I will also outline how ideas and models of mathematical physics could lead to new phenomena in mathematics and show it on simplest examples. We would start from the basics so the 3-4 year students can attend this course. Prerequisites include calculus and linear algebra including classical Lie groups such as SO(d) and U(d). No knowledge of physics is required. In considering examples I would often say – in such and such conditions the construction describes such and such notion or phenomena in physics.  In this way we gradually will get up to the Standard Model coupled to gravity. Standard Model is  not a model but a tested theory of fundamental laws of the Universe. The history of it’s discovery explains the name. It was invented as a model among other models. Later this model turned out to fit experiments better than other models and it was called standard model to distinguish it from competitors. Finally, it was tested and other models disappear. Students from both sides, from theoretical physics and mathematics are very welcome. The aim of this course is not only to teach some stuff (that student can apply in his research) but to get students the feeling of the subject and possibly to get them interested in studying it in more detail.   To get students interested I will not only illustrate everything that I say in simplest examples, but I will do my best to surprise students by unexpected analogies between pure mathematics and theoretical physics. The course will be given by zoom (zoom: 798-399-4886), twice a week.  On Tuesdays we will start at 16.00 Beijing time and work until 18.00 (11.00 – 13.00 Moscow time) On Thursdays we will start at 15.00 Beijing time and work until 18.00 (10.00-13.00 Moscow time). Extra topics for interested students would be discussed on Fridays, time would be decided. The first lecture would be on 11 of November (Thursday) and the main program will end around 30 of May (there would be no lectures during Chinese New year vacations). In summer I am planning to cover extra topics for interested listeners. To enter the course one has to register at Euler Institute site. Videos of lecture will be available, and I hope to make notes such that it would be possible to catch up if you have to miss the course. Highlights of the course. To get you a feeling about the course I picked up 27 statements from the list of what I call surprises.  Please take a look. If you know the concepts I am talking about you may decide if it surprises you. If you do not I will explain these concepts in the course and I hope then you will be able to evaluate surprise.  1.Newton laws (as published) are incomplete and missing the axiom of material point. The notion of Force mistakenly excludes theories with nonbinary potentials. 2.The first consideration of theoretical physics (Galileo argument on the acceleration of bodies Falling on Earth that he considered universal) is actually false in General relativity because it ignored (due to notion of Force) nonbinary effective potentials. We actually see these potentials in the motion of Mercury on the sky. 3.Newton’s mechanic is not a classical physics, it is a preclassical physics. Classical physics is an extremal action principle. 4.The classical theory of point particles and fields does contain ultraviolet divergences that have to be renormalized. 5.Figures are not collections of points. 6.In Einstein-Cartan formulation of gravity fundamental degrees of freedom (coframes) behave as quarks (and could be called graviquark) while metric is like a meson (white object constructed from two graviquarks) 7.In Einstein-Cartan description one can finally answer a question what spins in electron spin. The graviquark gets condensed and the only combination of truly rotational symmetry and global part of “gauge” symmetry is preserved. Invariance under this symmetry is related to conservation of rotational momentum. 8.Berezin odd integral can be understood by looking at integrals of functions on a circle with invariant measure. 9.Take a nondegenerate top form on X. It identifies polyvectors with differential forms by contraction with the top form. Then map from forms to polyvectors may be considered as an odd Fourier transform, De Rham vector field (first order operator) goes to BV operator (second order operator). It was missed by mathematicians since they considered canonical operations while BV operator depends on the choice of the top form. Action of BV operator on polyvectors generalizes the notion of divergence of a vector field (previously understood as a Lie derivative of the Log of the top form). If we use metric to identify polyvectors and differential forms, odd Fourier transform becomes  Hodge * operation, while BV operator would become d*. 10. Maxwell equations in all dimensions can be formulated in 3 letters d*dA=0 where A-is a 1-form. Equivalently, as a system of two equations dF=0 and d*F=0. Electromagnetic duality for Maxwell Theory in 2 dimensions can be written as a change F_D=*F, where F_D can be written as dA_D, So A_D is 1-form. Generalization of this duality to arbitrary dimension and arbitrary degree of the form A shows that k-forms in dimension D are electromagnetic dual to D-k-2 forms in dimension D. In particular, Maxwell theory for 3 dimensional spacetime has a dual description In terms of scalars (0-forms), that is an ether description! 11.Quantum field theory (in Dirac-Segal formulation)  is a monoidal functor from cobordisms to monoidal category of vector spaces. 12.Actually quantum theory contains no Plank constant, Plank constant is a description of how close quantum theory is to a classical one. So quantization is not so natural, the natural process is “classization”. 13.In most cases Plank constant is an inverse of an integer, it gets dimension due to dimensional transmutation. Like natural coordinates on a sphere do not have dimension, coordinates we use got dimensions only because of existence of the radius of the sphere.  14.Higher topological theories are those where category of vector spaces is replaced by category of complexes, functions of geometrical data are promoted to differential forms and the functor is closed. 15.All quantum mechanics can be completed to topological ones, this is a Polyakov completion. 16.Canonical higher differential in spectral sequence for bicomplex and canonical Massey  operations (as described in the textbooks) are partially defined on cohomology of the first differential. Higher differentials are defined on cohomology of preceding higher differential and Massey operation is defined only if some products of cohomology vanish. However, they can be refined in a way, depending on contracting homotopy. Then they are correctly defined and form infinity structure, while canonical operations correspond to moduli of such operations under the action of natural symmetries acting on higher operations. 17.Higher operations in homological algebra are close analogues of scattering amplitudes in quantum field theory. Namely, scattering amplitudes are higher operations in Polyakov higher topological Quantum Mechanics. 18.Gauge theories contain maps to algebra Lie with inversed parity, the inverse image of linear coordinates are Faddeev-Popov c-ghosts 19.In the process of gauge fixing we integrate over conormal bundle to gauge fixing constraints, Linear coordinates along the fibers are Faddeev-Popov b-ghosts. 20.Mathai-Quillen integral representatives of delta-forms on solutions to Bogomolny equations in different dimensions are topological theories obtained from supersymmetric theories by A-twisting, the smoothening of the delta-form is a coupling constant in these theories. 21.Scalar fields in d=4 N=2 Super Yand Mills theory are Faddeev -Popov ghosts for gauge fixing of odd counterpart of the gauge symmetry. That is why they are even. 22.The BV formalism implies the BV generalization of the concept of symmetry, called L-infinity symmetry, that maps the external algebra of the Lie algebra to polyvectors on the space X, where constant is mapped to invariant function. The L-infinity conditions mean that vector fields represent Lie algebra up to derivatives of S. This phenomena was first discovered in supersymmetric theories and was called closeness of the symmetry algebra on-shell. 23.The notion of complex structure determined by Beltrami differential is a particular case by a more general notion determined by polyvector with values in (0,*) differential forms, so Beltrami corresponds to vector field with values in (0,1) forms. The much simpler case corresponding to functions was originally discovered by physicists and was called superpotential. The complex Hodge theory can be generalized to a general case with superpotential is called N= 4 Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics. 24.All known Lagrangian topological field theories in different dimensions can be considered as particular cases of AKSZ model that is a Q-manifold of maps between two Q-manifolds. 25.Tropicalization of algebraic geometry being applied to functional integral leads to classical theory. 26.In Polyakov string theory the notion of the space-time equipped with the geometry satisfying Einstein-like equation is replaced by the concept of conformal field theory. The space-time becomes the emergent, i.e. asymptotic concept. Families of conformal field theories can have different geometric limits that is revealed, in particular, in the phenomena of mirror symmetry.  27.From the point of view of topological quantum field theory the number of degree 1 maps from the genus 3 surfaces to CP^1 equals to 8. Plan of the course (version 1) As you may expect, the logical structure of the course is Y-shaped. One horn comes from mathematics and another from physics. At the beginning they look separated at the pretty far distance and have nothing to do with each other. Still I have to explain both horns and at the beginning some lectures would be called “mathematics” and some  “physics”. Later horns would come closer and it will turn out that physics actually heavily uses the language developed in the “mathematical” horn. First it allows to write down simply looking formulas, later it becomes the necessary language to formulate concepts. At some moment horns join and I will use concepts from both horns together. However, time is linear, so I would start by giving one lecture from the “mathematical” horn (on Tuesdays) and one from “physics” horn (on Thursdays). When they join I will use both languages. Still, in describing phenomena I will try to explain it as physicist would do and also as a mathematician would do. In this way I will try to teach you how to “translate” from one language to the other. 1.Basics of categories and functors. 1.1.Motivation and definition of category 1.2.Examples: sets, linear algebra, smooth spaces, paths 1.3.Semigroups and groups as categories with one object 1.4.Definitions of covariant and contravariant functor 1.5.Monodromy as a covariant functor 1.6.Contravariant functor between vector spaces and dual vector spaces 1.7.Contravariant functor between spaces and algebras of functions on these spaces 1.8.Categories and functors in mathematical physics are used: in definition of affine schemes and superschemes, in Dirac-Segal’s definition of QFT, in D-branes in string theory (open string amplitudes are (higher) compositions in A-infinity category). 2.Algebra-geometric correspondence 2.1.Ideals, why they have such a funny name and how do they correspond to figures 2.2.Operations on ideals and corresponding operations on figures 2.3.Maximal ideals as points and how to understand the double root of equations Surprise: figures are not collections of points 2.4.New spaces, corresponding to algebras with nilpotents, double point as an example 2.5.Differentiations of the algebra as a replacement of the notion of vector fields, differentiations as module over the algebra (very bad name while good notion), Lie algebra of differentiations, examples for simplest schemes 2.6.What kind of spaces do appear in physics, why smooth manifolds are not enough 3.Superalgebra and supergeometry, I, general topics. 3.1.External algebra of the finite dimensional vector space and duality between components of complement degree 3.2.Applications: basis free definition of determinant and trace, meaning of “vector product” in dimension 3, magnetic field in 3 dimensions as element of the external square and geometry of Lorentz force. 3.3.Concept of Z_2 grading and supercommutativity of the external algebra, Z_2 graded supercommutative algebras 3.4.Affine superspace as a geometric object, corresponding to supercommutative algebra 3.5.Even and odd superdifferentiations, simplest examples of superdifferentiation of external algebra, analogue of Jacobi identity for superdifferetiations and notion of superalgebra Lie. Simplest examples. 3.6.Application: Dirac problem of taking square root out of Dalambertian, gamma matrices and spinors in term of external algebra. Why they were called spinors – story of a severe puzzle in the physics solved by mathematicians. 3.7.Superalgebra of supersymmetries as most well-known superalgebra Lie, representation of superalgebra as differentiations of the superspace. 3.8.Homological vector fields, example on the external algebra – surprise – quadratic vector fields are in one-to-one correspondence with ordinary Lie algebras  (Chevalley differential).  3.9.Quadratic homological vector fields on superlinear space (corresponding to polynomials times external algebra) correspond to superalgebra Lie. 3.10.Differential  and cohomology in general : Z_2 graded vector space and odd operator that squares to zero. Explanation of the origin of strange names (“differential” and “cohomology”) would appear later. 3.11.Linear homological vector field on superlinear space as the simplest example, Linear and quadratic homological vector field as differential graded superalgebra Lie. 3.12.If we make polynomial change of coordinates we will get polynomial homological vector field. In general, we may consider germs of the homological vector fields, such objects are called L-infinity algebras. In physics, Yang-Mills equation (we will meet it later) together with the gauge transformation may be considered as a homological polynomial homological vector field with the third degree of polynomial. Much more general homological vector fields are represented by tree level scattering amplitudes (that we will consider later). 3.13.Special homological vector fields a superlinear space multiplied by NxN matrices. Associativity condition, differential graded associative algebra and A-infinity algebra. Graphical representation in terms of ribbon trees (and Gershtenhaber bracket). 3.14.Berezin integral over odd linear supermanifold and comparison with the integral of functions over a circle in U(1) invariant measure. Odd delta-function and odd Fourier transform. Integral of exponent of quadratic expression in odd variables.  4.Superalgebra and supergeometry, II.  Differential forms. 4.1.  Oriented manifolds, boundary operation on submanifolds, square of boundary operator equals zero. 4.2.    Integration of differential forms over an oriented submanifold and  De Rham operator as operator conjugated to the boundary operator, 7 authors theorem 4.3.   Supermanifold T[1]X as dual to algera of differential forms, De Rham operator as an odd vector field, Lie derivatives and contractions of vector fields as even and odd differentiations of T[1]X, Cartan formula 4.4.   Homology and cohomology of De Rham operator, relation to topology 4.5.    Nondegenerate top differential form, geometrical meaning of divergence, algebra of polyvector fields and its identification with algebra of differential forms on the spaces with nondegenerate top form, BV operator as the image of De Rham operator under this correspondence 4.6.    Schouten bracket on polyvectors as a generalization Lie bracket on vectors 4.7.   Metric and another identification of differential forms and polyvector fields, Hodge * operation,  BV operator becomes d* operator 4.8.    Maxwells equations in 3 letters and electro-magnetic duality,  their generalizations to different dimensions, quasi-ether theory in 2+1 dimensions   4.9.    Harmonic forms on compact manifolds and their equivalence to De Rham cohomology (Real Hodge theory or geometric example of N=2 SQM) 4.10.  Overview of complex generalization - Kahler and Calabi-Yau manifolds,  Dolbeault operator and complex Hodge theory (geometric N=4 SQM) 4.11. Supersymmetric Quantum mechanics and Extended Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics, superpotential, examples and generalizations 4.12. Integration of differential forms along fibers (direct image), closeness of the integral 4.13.  Mathai-Quillen representation of the smoothed delta-form on cycles, interpretation in terms of integral against the supermanifold 4.14.  BV action, classical and quantum BV equations 4.15.  BV integral over Lagrangian submanifolds 4.16. BV integral as a Fourier image of  direct image 4.17. Application: integral proof that inverse of the invertible sнmplectic form is Poisson bivector 4.18. Symmetric systems in BV language, polyvectors and on-shell closeness 4.19.  BV integral and construction of polyvector on-shell actions 4.20.  Applications to supersymmetry in dimension 0 4.21.  Quantization of symmetries, anomalies, examples 0.Phenomenology SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1) Standard model: a bit of handwaving 1.Development of ideas in physics up to classical physics 1.1.Preclassical physics: Newton’s laws, its incompleteness and restrictions 1.2.Classical physics – fields coupled to extended objects, extremal action principle, Euler-Lagrange equations of motion 1.3.Classical mechanics of a particle, Hamiltonian an symmetries, symplectic Potential and Lorentz force 1.4.Relativity and nonrelativistic limit, Lorentz force 1.5. Symplectic Potential and Poisson mechanics  1.6. Hamiltonian and symmetries 1.7.Gauge theories and Yang-Mills equations 1.8.Gravity in Hilbert-Einstein formulation 1.9.Gravity in Einstein-Cartan formulation, coframe as graviquarks and metric components as gravimesons 1.10.Spinors in physics, coupling to gravity, torsion exchange  2.Quantum mechanics 2.1.Space of states and Schrodinger’s equation 2.2.Observations and probability, Heisenberg’s equation 2.3.Representation of SU(2) as simplest example 2.4.Classical limit and appearance of  the phase space as a spectrum 2.5.Classical limit of Heisenberg equations 3.Segal’s treatment of QFT as a functor  3.1.  Symmetric monoidal functor from cobordisms with geometrical data to linear algebra. 3.2.  Figure observables and deformation of QFT by local observables 3.2.  Dirac solution to Segal’s axioms in one dimensional case, Hamiltonian And deformations 3.3. Theories with quadratic actions and solutions to Segal axioms, examples In different dimensions. 3.4. Vortexes in different dimensions 4.Functional integral (Feynman) approach. 4.1.Definition and Feynman diagrams 4.3.Feynman integral in gaussian theories, Determinants (as D-modules), example of harmonic oscillator 4.4.Partition function of particle on a circle, Poisson resummation formula predicted and proved. 4.5.Two-dimensional gaussian theory with circle as a target space, 4.7.Sigma-models and geometric limits of OFT, T-duality as an example  4.8.Free chiral theories in dimension 2 4.9.Chiral algebras and energy-momentum tensor 4.10. Conserved charges equations as Segal-like approach to 2 dimensional QFT. 4.11.Modular invariance of partition function in gaussian models 4.12.Standard model and Higgs phenomena 5.Higher topological theories 5.1.Segal’s definition of higher topological theories 5.2.Topological quantum mechanics, general expression 5.3.Laplacian and  Cartan topological quantum mechanics 5.4.Polyakov topological quantum mechanics 5.5.Deformations of topological quantum mechanics and obstructions 6.AKSZ formulation of QFT 6.1.AKSZ solution to Master Equation, examples 6.2.AKSZ containing Lie algebra with inversed parity as a gauge theory 6.3.Gauge fixing as a choice of Lagrangian submanifold, b-ghosts as coordinates in the fiber of conormal bundle 6.4.One-dimensional AKSZ theories, gauged Quantum Mechanics and Integral representation for the number of states 6.5.BF , Chern-Simons and Landau-Ginzburg theories as examples of AKSZ 6.6.Type A and Type B theories in different dimensions 6.7.Correlator of closed zero-observables in type A in 2 dimensions, Quantum cohomology 6.8.Correlator of closed zero-observables in Landau-Ginzburg model  6.9.Handle gluing operator, explicite computations, surprise with 8 maps from genus 3 surface to CP^1 with degree 1. 6.10.Nontopological theories as AKSZ theories in external backgrounds 7.Instantonic theories beyond cohomology 7.1.Instantonic-like equations in dimensions 1,2 and 4 7.2.Mathai-Quillen representatives for QFT of type A, coupling constants as smoothening of the delta-form 7.3.Deformed instantons and definition of all correlators in terms of finite-dimensional space over slightly deformed instantons 7.4.Cartan topological quantum mechanics as instantonic quantum mechanics 7.5.Two-dimensional Gromov-Witten instantonic theory 7.6.Four dimensional gauge instantonic theory as a version of Yang-Mills theory, appearance of scalar fields as ghosts 8.Lagrangians of supersymmetric theories in different dimensions 8.1.Superfields – chiral, twisted chiral and vector. 8.2.Supersymmetric Lagrangians – D-terms and F-terms 8.3.Elimination of axillary field and generation the on-shell supersymmetry with byvectors 8.4.General form of Lagrangian  of (2,2) supersymmetric sigma-model, free field examples 8.5.Gauged sigma-models and supersymmetric gauge theories, R-symmetry, free field examples 8.6.A and B twisting of supersymmetric theories, Gromov-Witten instantonic theory as an A-twisted theory, Donaldson-Witten A-twisted theory as a deformed instantonic theory. 9.A bit of strings 9.1.String theory as a higher topological conformal theory in two dimensions 9.2.Observables, descendants and amplitudes 9.3.Gromov-Witten string theory, geometrical meaning of amplitudes 9.4.Polyakov string theory
106Southern Cultures Tumult and Silence at Second Creek: An Inquiry into a Civil War Slave Conspiracy. By Winthrop D. Jordan. Louisiana State University Press, 1993. 391 pp. Cloth, $24.95. Reviewed by Charles Joyner, Burroughs Professor ofHistory at Coastal Carolina University. He is author of"Down by the Riverside: A South Carolina Slave Community. More than twenty years ago, a young assistant archivist at the Louisiana State University Archives brought an unusual document to the attention of Winthrop Jordan, a visiting historian. A cover note said "these four sheets of paper" were "the literal, original testimony taken down" by Lemuel P. Connor regarding an "uprising of negroe Slaves near Natchez Miss just before Civil War." The document, written in Connor's own hand, consisted of reports of the testimony of twenty slaves, two of them examined twice, about a slave rebellion of unknown dimensions in Adams County, Mississippi, in mid-September 1862. Fascinated, both historian and archivist thought the subject might be developed into an article. The rebellion had been discovered and quashed by the slaveholders, and at least twenty-seven slaves had been executed. Yet, as Jordan began to look for corroborating evidence , he found that "this slave plot was kept so quiet at the time that it has since remained virtually unknown, or at least not written about by historians, or (so far as can be discovered) even spoken of by living descendants of the antagonists." After more than two decades of exhaustively searching for documents and patiently sifting an obscure array of "fragmentary and often ambiguous" sources, Jordan has produced Tumult and Silence at Second Creek. The book is not only a history of a particular slave conspiracy, but also an engaging detective story and a philosophical treatise on what Jordan calls "the nature of historical inference." He intensively cross-examines his sources and teases out the meaning of their collective silence, a silence that he says "lies like a smothering tarpaulin on the mountain of pain in Adams County, Mississippi, in 1861." Tumult and Silence offers possibilities, not proofs; it nevertheless sets an extraordinarily high standard of historical analysis. While Jordan makes no explicit claims to anthropological method, his careful attention to ethnographic details allows their meanings to become more visible. He is unusually sensitive to the otherness of people in the past, implicitly responding to the dictum of Claude Lévi-Strauss that "both history and ethnography are concerned with societies other than the one in which we live." The slaves who took part in the plot at Second Creek, Jordan writes, "need to be taken seriously as individuals with their own agendas and concerns, living as they did in situations very different from ours and, indeed, participating in a culture that, no matter how much it influenced our own, no longer exists." Jordan seeks to penetrate the surface of events to discover the skeletal substructure beneath the tough hide of behavior and expression. He treats the historical events of the Second Creek plot as a collection of "texts" in which the slaves as cultural actors reveal how they perceive their world. As he notes, "Expectations about what people should and would do powerfully shaped what individuals planned and said and did." In a dozen chapters Jordan reads his "texts" against the Mississippi environment, its sights, sounds, and voices; its water, land, and work; its politics, ideologies, and leaders; its rebels and road travelers; and its women, black and white. He even pays attention to the slaves' time orientation. Such close analysis perfectly exemplifies what others have called "ethnographic history." Jordan's perception of pattern in the historical events of the Second Creek plot is close to anthropologist Victor Turner's conception of "social drama," structured in time Reviews107 rather than in space and guided by subjective paradigms in the heads of the actors, "root" paradigms that reach toward the fundamental assumptions that undergird society. Jordan reads the plot as "a collaborative effort, with people on both the black and the white sides cooperating collectively amongst themselves and, without fully knowing it, with each other because both shared assumptions about what was possible, what was likely, and what was right." Tumult and Silence will enhance... Additional Information Print ISSN pp. 106-108 Launched on MUSE Open Access Back To Top
Frequent question: Which is modern Indian language? They include, besides Sanskrit, the following 21 modern Indian languages: Assamese, Bangla, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kashmiri, Kannada, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Santali, Sindhi, and Urdu. What is meant by modern Indian language? Modern Indian language (MIL) is a term used in India to denote several Indian languages used in modern times, with or without official status. Is Sanskrit a modern Indian language? Sanskrit is a language which belongs to the Indo-Aryan group and is the root of many, but not all Indian languages. … But Sanskrit is now spoken by less than 1% of Indians and is mostly used by Hindu priests during religious ceremonies. Is Hindi a modern language? Hindi (Devanagari: हिन्दी, ISO: Hindī), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: मानक हिन्दी, ISO: Mānak Hindī), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in North India. Pronunciation [ˈɦɪndiː] Native to India Region Northern, Eastern, Western and Central India (Hindi Belt) Who is the father of Sanskrit? Pānini is known as the father of sanskrit language . he was an linguist and he also wrote many books . Is Sanskrit older than Tamil? Tamil is older than Sanskrit and there is record of ‘Tamil Sangam’ dating back 4,500 years, he said. … Dravidian culture is not based on Sanskrit language, he asserted. THIS IS INTERESTING:  You asked: Is any woman hanged in India? Which is toughest language in India? Google admits Malayalam(official language of Kerala State) to be the toughest language in India. It is both difficult to learn and speak as compared to any other language in India. Which is the beautiful language in India? India is famous for its linguistic diversity, and one of the most beautiful languages spoken on the Indian Subcontinent is certainly Bengali. It has a gorgeous writing system to begin with, and a flowing sound that one of the world’s greatest poets, Rabindranath Tagore, used to create his art.
Data Warehousing Capabilities that can Enable Agile Software Delivery What is Data Warehousing? While talking about data warehousing, we need to know some basic concepts. What is Data? Any amount of raw facts, statistics, and information collected, measured, analyzed, and visualized can be called data. Data can be in any format. It could be in text, numerical, electrical signals, pictures, audio, or video format. What is a Data Warehouse? The data warehouse is a kind of database that is designed for query and analysis. The warehouse has historical data collected from different data sources.  The reference diagram represents a data warehouse that collects the data from many databases or data sources and then performs some ETL processes. ETL comprises three critical steps:  1. Extract: To collect the data from different data sources. 2. Transform: To clean and convert the data into a suitable format. 3. Load: To migrate data to the Data warehouse. For performing the ETL process, several ETL Tools are available, such as Talend, Informatica Powerhouse and cloud, Havo data, Stitch, etc. Data Warehouse Capabilities Data Governance: Data governance means the action or manner of governing the data. It is a collection of processes, roles, policies, standards, and metrics that helps to maintain its effective use of information in enabling an organization to achieve its goals. It creates the processes and responsibilities that ensure the quality and security of the data used across a business. Data governance outlines who can take what action, on what data, in what situations, and using what methods. To make data actionable by automating key business rules. As previously mentioned, the extraction process, the data transformation, or we can say the data cleaning, and last but not least, loading the data into the desired warehouse for further use. Data Quality: The quality of data can be measured based on what the data is, the format of the data, and how accurate the data is—consistency, integrity, validity. The data warehouse helps us to validate the data and correct data issues to ensure trust and accuracy. Master Data Management: Master data is the collection of variables that give the background story about business data, such as location, customer, product, asset, and the basic data that is important for performing operations within a business organization. Master Data Management is the basic process used to manage, centralize, organize, synchronize, and improve master data as per the business rules. Logical Data Model: After going through the ETL, quality check, and Master Data Management(MDM) process, it’s time to arrange the data into a logical model.   The logical data model includes: 1. Entity: An entity represents a person, place, thing, event, or concept of interest to a retailer. 2. Attribute: An attribute represents the names and defines a characteristic or property of an entity type. 3. Relationship: A relationship represents names and defines an association between two entity types. 4. Domain: It is a named type of data description that can apply to one or more than one attribute. What is Agile Methodology? Waterfall Model: Traditionally, we used the Waterfall model during the development process. The waterfall model defines the basic order process of software development. It talks about what should be the order of steps. But, following the Waterfall model for the whole project development process is somewhat painful because it is a linear process. As the waterfall model suggests, every step should be executed for the entire project development. Client interaction will be after completing the whole project. If any flows are disapproved by the client or the software is not completing the client’s requirements, the entire waterfall model will be followed once again until the client gets satisfied. As a solution to this pain and time-consuming process, Agile methodology comes to help. Agile Methodology:    The Agile methodology is a path to manage a project by dividing it up into several phases. It includes continuous communication with stakeholders and improvement constantly at every stage. When the work begins, teams repeatedly go through a process of planning, executing, and evaluating. Continuous collaboration is important, both with team and project stakeholders. How Data Warehousing Capabilities can Enable Agile Software Delivery As the reference diagram describes, every process during warehouse building is done in the iteration format. It is not possible without following an agile process. For example, An organization X assigned a project to design a warehouse for us. We will: 1. Gather all the information and requirements. 2. Design partial data governance. 3. Design some part of an ETL process. 4. Check the quality of data with the client’s requirements. 5. Design some part of the Master Data Management(MDM) strategy. 6. Create a basic logical view of the data. 7. Present the work to the client. If he is satisfied with the work till now, then we move forward with further requirements and follow the same procedure. 8. If he is not satisfied, then again, we gather requirements and follow the same procedure. This is how the data warehousing capabilities enable agile methodology. One platform that is the ideal modern data warehousing cloud is Snowflake. It lets you democratize data analytics at all levels of your business so all users with different expertise can make informed, data-driven decisions. Develop and run modern apps to best serve your employees, customers or other stakeholders. 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Does punching your stomach can cause miscarriage? Can squeezing a stomach cause miscarriage? Both gas and constipation can sometimes make it feel as if the stomach is tightening. Rarely, tightening of the abdomen can signal a miscarriage, which is the loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks. What drinks can cause miscarriage? Caffeine can cause miscarriage Be it in the form of tea, coffee or chocolate, caffeine is a miscarriage causing food. Caffeine affects sperm life. A male partner’s caffeine consumption is strongly associated with pregnancy loss in females. What if I accidentally hit my stomach while pregnant? What activities lead to miscarriage? What to do if a girl gets pregnant by mistake? The first step for any woman facing an unexpected or unwanted pregnancy is to make an appointment with a doctor or clinic. Your doctor can confirm that you are pregnant and tell you how far along you are in your pregnancy. Your doctor can give you some advice to help keep you and the baby healthy. IT IS SURPRISING:  Why do babies stop breastfeeding on their own? How do miscarriages start? Most miscarriages happen before the pregnancy is 12 weeks along. In the first several weeks of a pregnancy, a miscarriage sometimes happens because a fertilized egg did not properly form a fetus. In many cases, the activity of the fetal heart stopped days or weeks before the symptoms of miscarriage began. What causes Miscarage? Why Do Miscarriages Happen? According to the American Pregnancy Association (APA), the most common cause of miscarriage is a genetic abnormality in the embryo. But several other factors can also be the culprit, including thyroid disorders, diabetes, immunological disorders, drug abuse, and more. What week is the highest risk of miscarriage?
“And Enoch walked with God: and he was not; for God took him” [Genesis 5,24] Enoch is a biblical figure, a righteous and pious man, also known as “the seventh generation of Men” [Genesis 5, 3-33], the son of Jared and the father of Methuselah, and the only one except Elijah (Elias) who rose up to the Heavens while still alive . During the rise of the jewish mysticism- in the beginning of the first millennia- he began to be regarded as the human phase of what was to become an angel- Metatron. Metatron was one of the most important angels, residing in the seventh hall next to God, witnessing all the secrets of Creation and Divinity, and in fact- the highest authority in the Celestial Hierarchy except God himself. A fundamental concept in Monotheistic religions is the unity of GOD. There is one GOD, and ONE GOD ONLY. Nevertheless, it seems that the angels represent different aspects of divine power or authority and as such may be considered as the plural aspect of the one and only God (A polytheistic aspect of monotheism). In fact, the Hebrew name for God is itself plural (ELOHIM, ?????? ). So God is One, but in the same time God is Many. In this sense the angels in monotheism (such as Metatron) resemble the gods in polytheism (such as Hermes).  Similarities to Hermes The figure of Enoch-Metatron, across its varied depictions and representations, shows quite a few resemblances William Blake Enoch lithograph of 1807 (4 copies of the print are known. Only known lithograph of William Blake (lithograph was quite new and experimental in 1807), which illustrates Genesis 5:24 “Enoch walked with God, and was no more, because Dios was taken”.). Wikipedia. to the god Hermes in his different aspects. Enoch The Writer and Deliverer of knowledge The most basic resemblance is the depiction of Enoch- in the more archaic sources- as THE writer, the deliverer of writing and knowledge. He receives from the angels the knowledge of Writing and Science, of Astronomy and Calendar, in order to deliver it to Men: And he was the first among men that are born on earth who learnt writing and knowledge and wisdom and who wrote down the signs of heaven… he saw and understood everything, and wrote his testimony, and placed the testimony on earth for all the children of men and for their generations. [The Book of Jubilees, 4, 17-19]. Enoch “reads” from “the tablets of heaven” and gets secret knowledge of “what’s going on” in the celestial planes, and delivers it to humanity. In that aspect he resembles Thot-Hermes. Enoch The Initiate Another important resemblance to Hermes is the depiction of Enoch as an initiate. In the days of the Jewish mysticism Enoch became a symbol of the journey of the initiate. The descriptions of the different Heavens through which Enoch moves became metaphors of inner experience. In Heichalot Literature Enoch-Metatron testifies he was lifted to the Heavens to serve The Chair of Honor (the chair of the Lord) and was transformed: After all these things the Holy One, blessed be He, put His hand upon me and blessed me with 536O blessings. And I was raised and enlarged to the size of the length and width of the world. And He caused 72 wings to grow on me, 36 on each side. And each wing was as the whole world. And He fixed on me 365 eyes: each eye was as the great luminary. And He left no kind of splendor, brilliance, radiance, beauty in (of) all the lights of the universe that He did not fix on me. [Enoch 3, 9, 1-5] Enoch is said to be granted the glamor that was taken back from the first Man due to his sin. Within Enoch this glamor reached perfection and for that he had to become an angel (since after the original sin perfection could no longer be reached in a human form). So he lived near the garden of Eden and after the glamor started shinning inside him he could enter the garden and he found the tree of life (“The Tree of Life” is also the name of the kabalistic system of the layers of reality / creation, and the knowledge needed in order to climb the stages of awareness). He smelled the tree and absorbed the life of it. Then angels came and taught him divine wisdom and gave him a book that was hidden inside the tree, and from that book Enoch studied the secrets of God. In The Secret Doctrine HPB writes that Enoch was also known as Enos, Hanoch and Enoichion, and that The Book of Enoch was a “secret book”- “one that belonged to the catalogue of temple libraries under the guardianship of the Hierophants and initiated priests, and was never meant for the profane”. Quoting from other writers HPB concludes that Thot, Hermes and Mercury belong all to the same category of sacred writers- recorders of occult wisdom. In the Quran the same function appears as Edris (the “Learned” or “Initiated”) and for the Jews- Enoch. HPB clarifies that esoterically Enoch and Hermes Trismagistus are identical. The number Seven being attached to, and connected with, each of those primitive Initiators, as well as the number 365, of the days in the year, astronomically, it identifies the mission, character, and the sacred office of all those men, but certainly not their personalities . Enoch is the seventh Patriarch; Orpheus is the possessor of the phorminx, the 7-stringed lyre, which is the seven-fold mystery of initiation. Thoth, with the seven-rayed Solar Discus on his head, travels in the Solar boat, the 365 degrees, jumping out every fourth (leap) year for one day. Finally, Thoth-Lunus is the septenary god of the seven days, or the week… Enoichion means in Greek the “inner eye,” or the Seer; in Hebrew, and with the help of Masoretic points it means the initiator and instructor . Enoch The Psychopomp As a psychopomp, Metatron the angel (formerly Enoch) is in charge of the souls. He is a guide to the Wise traveling the skies and an instructor for those in mystic exaltation; He is the one to escort the souls of the dead; He is the one in charge of future resurrection in the end of days. As a psychopomp Enoch-Metatron resembles some dimensions of Hermes-Mercury. There are some other aspects of Enoch-Metatron that resemble Hermes though they are not as dominant in Enoch’s figure: • His ability to move between the world of matter and the divine • His function as a messenger due to this mobility • The assistance he provides to men in difficult quests In other aspects there are also differences between the two figures: Enoch is not depicted as light or swift in his duty of delivering knowledge, nor is he portrayed as a trickster or deceiver, or have any known duty concerning merchantmen or thieves, money or wealth. Though he is a kind of “middle man” and a bridge between the visible and invisible world, he is not involved in “making things flow” (at least “horizontally”… since he does create a vertical “flow” from the unknown to the known). He is also not depicted as a figure related to the “small things” or as having a main characteristic as “the harmony between opposites”. To conclude, Enoch is seemingly related to the principle we regard as Hermes. He is the writer, giver of knowledge; He is the initiate and a psychopomp; He is periodically a messenger that moves between the worlds carrying massages and giving assistance to those in need. Interestingly, Enoch’s attributes can be paralleled to the attributes of Hermes before the Renaissance. Blavatsky, H. P., The Secret Doctrine, Theosophocal University Press Online Edition, 2003. Dagan, H., The Jewish Mythology, MAP, 2003. Enoch 3 (Sefer Heikhalot) Second Book of Enoch Sefer ha Yashar (The Book if Jasher) The Bible (Book of Genesis) The Book of Enoch The Book of Jubilees
Fernando Schwarz “Through the sensitive beauty the Soul rises to true beauty, and from the Earth where she lay reborn in heaven through the light of her splendors.” Abbot Suger Traditionally the period from 1130 to 1280 is called the “century of the cathedrals” in which more than 80 cathedrals were built in France.This new art and architecture, was called “art nouveau” or “new art” and also “French art”. It is only from the XV-XVI centuries that this sacred architecture will be denominated by the Vatica itself with contempt “Gothic art”, in relation to the Germanic tribes that invaded and partly destroyed Gaul, the “Goths” or Goths, to accentuate the idea of a barbaric art. The Church opted for the neo-classical style to make forget the metaphysical and theological contents of this style that took as fundamental ideas “God is light” (and not an anthropomorphic being) and the “Virgin has redeemed Eve’s sin”. The abbot Suger of the Benedictine Abbey of Saint Denis de Paris, in the eleventh-twelfth century, is based on the writings of the Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagite, translated from Greek to Latin in the abbey, to conceive the cathedral as a theological work. He takes the idea of the Pseudo-Dionysus, who had compiled part of the work of the Platonic philosopher Proclo, that God is light and that each creature participates in it. Dionysus, to Christianize the theology of light, refers to the Gospel of St. John, in which the divine Logos is conceived as the true light that shines in darkness and is at the origin of all things. “I am the light of the world; he who follows me will not walk in darkness but will have the light of life ”, Saint John, VII, 12. From the aesthetics of light to the metaphysics of light For Dionysus, creation is an illuminating action and the created Universe cannot exist without light. If the light stops shining, everything that exists falls into nothingness. He remembers that creation is a revelation of God, and that all created things are “lights” that by their very existence bear witness to the divine light and thus allow it to be perceived by the human intellect. God is light and each one receives and transmits this light according to a hierarchy conceived by God (angels, saints, kings …). God interposes images between him and us, which act like veils: the Holy Scripture is nature that presents us with images of God deliberately imperfect and contradictory. This imperfection and contradiction, evident to our intelligence, are intended to awaken in us the need for transcendence, the desire to access, from a world of shadows and apparent images, the contemplation of divine light. Thus God hiding from us manifests gradually. Physical light serves to create analogies with transcendent light so that the spirit of men awakes. Every object, every creature, reflects the divine light: everything then returns to God through visible things. This conception is the basis of Gothic thinking. This establishes the connection between the metaphysics of light and the aesthetics of light. In his treatise on metaphysics, Dionysius affirms that the divine light that irrigates the world ensures the union between created beings. For Abbot Suger, light is conceived as the form that all things have in common, the principle of simplicity that gives unity to the whole. Dionysus and the theory of a double symbolism: the similar and the different. In his famous treatise “The celestial hierarchy” distinguishes two theological images. First there are similar images whose model would be the figuration of God through an elderly man for being the father of the parents, which exists since before time. Hence his long beard representing wisdom, his golden throne because he is the king of the Universe. Then there are the different images like a multicolored stone, a cloud or a luminous veil. It is these images that should be preferred to any similar image, he says, precisely because these images do not seek to define the indefinable nor write the indescribable and are content with a pure glow, a pure colored and evanescent mystery. Because of its implicit rejection of objective forms, this “distinct” image is directed to the mystical dimension of each one, forwarding to the origin, proposing analogies that imagination and intuition must capture in an ascending approach. To figure something is no longer to look for similarity, but to use light to indicate the presence of Christ instead of personifying him. Abbot Suger explains that you can contemplate something divine in a simple brightness of matter, a multicolored jasper or the light refracted by stained glass. It is the complementarity between the similar and the different that the abbot proposes through the new Gothic art: the opposites intersect as in a caduceus through the symbolic iconography of the new cathedral. The gothic cathedral, expression of a metaphysics In Suger’s thinking the technique comes in the background and serves to express an idea. Contrary to what is generally believed, the distinctive sign of this new art is not the ribbed or ribbed vault that already existed in pre-Gothic architecture in the Anglo-Norman style and was used to decorate certain chapels. This technical artifice to support as a skeleton through the columns and ribs to the building, gives Suger the idea of emptying the walls of the cathedral and enhancing them so that an uninterrupted light shines. Thus, from the choir to the porch the light diffuses without obstacles, and this luminous cohesion reflects the unity of the Universe of which Dionysus spoke. A mystical church is that is born with the Gothic style. If in Romanesque art, light and matter are opposed as good and evil, the Gothic wall gives the impression of being porous. Light infiltrates and penetrates the building by transfiguring it; matter seems lighter and light more and more present. All the architecture is conceived to empty the matter of the walls and replace it with the immense stained glass windows and rosettes. The gothic cathedral is transformed into a monument dedicated to transparency. Heaven and Earth enter into intimate communion thanks to the light that crosses all parts of the building. Matter ceases to be impenetrable and becomes the substance carrying the verb light; the ascension of the arrows with its lightness defies Earth’s gravity. The stained glass radiates the divine light For Suger, the Lux Nova, which he introduces into the Church, is associated with Christ himself. That is why it will qualify the windows with stained glass windows of “very sacred and miraculous”. Stained glass windows are like veils that hide and reveal the ineffable at the same time. To suggest the entire Universe is a veil illuminated by divine light. The windows are not designed to be windows in a wall but as translucent surfaces that carry the forms of the sacred and that radiate throughout the building. In this theology, beauty is not significant except to the extent that it reveals what is beyond itself: the ineffable. In their exchanges Suger and Saint Bernard define the role of stained glass: “as the splendor of the Sun (the Christ) crosses the glass without breaking it and penetrates its solidity without piercing it or breaking it when it goes outside, thus the verb of God, the Light of the Father, penetrate the interior of the Virgin and leave her breast intact.” The light explains the Cosmos, the Virgin the program of the Soul The Romanesque Virgin, called “Virgin of the Child in Majesty”, sits on her throne-chair, carrying an infant almost an adolescent, king of the world. It is the throne of Christ, the house of wisdom and primordial matter. It represents nature, and it was often called “the black virgin”. In the Gothic era a new representation of the Virgin, “the white virgin” or “tenderness” is created. She is standing and carrying a baby assuming motherhood, love and life; she is crowned and can carry the rose or lis, as a symbol of matter that is spiritualized and rises towards the light. It was considered the new Eve, which redeems the sin of Eve, and the people considered it the mediator par excellence between men and the Christ: the Marian cult spread in all layers of the population causing the alteration of Rome that was afraid of their own dogmas. The Gothic will represent the Virgin in a final stage as Queen of the Skies, the Virgin of the Assumption, who brings the hope of a return to Heaven of all souls. In Gothic theory, the Virgin with her three transmutations indicates the program of the future of the soul in light.
Blame It On El Nino Students understand what the weather phenomenon El Nino is and what causes it. Students recognize how remote sensing technology can detect and predict El Nino. Students discover how El Nino effects weather conditions throughout the globe through researc 3 Views 12 Downloads Classroom Considerations
Where I'm From: Personal and Cherokee Young scholars write a poem about the land they are from. They research the previous inhabitants of the same land - the Cherokee Indians - and write a poem about the land from a Cherokee perspective. 3 Views 2 Downloads Resource Details 9th - 12th English Language Arts 5 more... Resource Type Lesson Plans 2 days Instructional Strategies Project-Based Learning 1 more...
Since the soul, as intimately connected with the Form of Life, cannot admit of death, it must either withdraw or disappear at the approach of death. But if the soul is undying, it cannot possibly disappear and perish. Therefore, it must simply withdraw at the approach of death. Therefore, Socrates concludes, the soul does not die with the body, but simply withdraws from it, living on, eternal and indestructible. At this point, Cebes admits that he is entirely convinced by Socrates' argument. Plato's fourth and final argument for the immortality of the soul is probably the best and most convincing. Certainly, Plato treats it as such. It is the most direct application of the Theory of Forms to the question of the soul's immortality, and, as Plato constantly reminds us, the Theory of Forms is the most certain of all his theories. It seems that Plato is asserting here a third metaphysical level in his theory. If we take the example of a beautiful person, not only does Plato want to say that there is the Form of Beauty and there is the beautiful person, but he also seems to say that there is the beauty present in that person which is distinct both from the person and from the Form. This beauty can come and go, and must, for instance, either withdraw or disappear at the approach of ugliness. This might lend some credence to the view of Forms as stuffs: there is a little bit of beauty in each person, which comes and goes as it pleases. Plato also asserts here the existence of essential properties. (This idea will bear far more weight in Aristotle, but it does play an important role in this argument.) The distinction is drawn between essential properties, properties without which the thing that has them would be other than it is, and accidental properties, properties that just happen to hold of a thing, but which it could do without. So, for instance, being orange is an accidental property of fire, whereas being hot is an essential property. A fire can become blue, for instance, and still be fire, but a fire cannot be fire unless it is hot: there is no such thing as a cold fire. Analogously, Plato suggests that life is an essential property of the soul, whereas its existence within a body is only an accidental property. So a soul can leave the body and still be a soul, but it cannot be a soul unless it is alive. Further, because it cannot possibly admit of death, the opposite of life, a soul cannot die. We should note that there is a difference between being destroyed and dying, but both of these options are ruled out for the soul. Pre-Socratic physics held that nothing could cease to be without being replaced by something else, so absolute destruction is not possible. The living soul cannot simply be destroyed, but would at the least be replaced by something else--namely, death. But since the soul's essential property rules out this possibility as well, it must live on forever. Popular pages: Phaedo
Iron Phosphate Lab Report 1084 Words5 Pages 1st Paragraph Iron phosphate (FePO4) has a trigonal lattice structure with space group P3121. It resembles that of quartz very closely. Iron phosphate exists as α-FePO4 below 980oK. This exhibits trigonal lattice structure, with the space group of P3121. Wyckoff positions of the atoms are as follows: iron on 3a; phosphate on 3b; oxygen on 6c. Each of the iron and phosphate atom is connected to 4 oxygen atoms. This forms a connected FeO4 and PO4 tetrahedra. At temperature levels above 980oK, α-FePO4 will transition from α to β and result in β-FePO4. This new β-FePO4 has a hexagonal lattice structure which is essentially the space group P6422. Wyckoff positions of the atoms are as follows: iron on 3d; phosphate on 3c; oxygen on 12k. Consider…show more content… But in contrary, the inter-tetrahedral bridging angle will increase as temperature increases. This similar trend can also be observed in β-FePO4. However, the trend of thermal expansion is not clear for β-FePO4. As temperature is increasing from 1005K to 1073K, the unit cell volume will not increase that much, only increasing 0.18 Å3. This can be explained by the fact that the tilt angles are already at the minimum value 0o in β-FePO4. The volume of the cage is therefore at its maximum and further increase in temperature will never lead to a significant expansion in…show more content… The tetrahedra atoms in PO4 tilts more than those in FeO4. Quoting from the article, “the tilt angle of the smaller tetrahedron is greater than that of the larger one”, the fact before is therefore consistent. The phosphate(V) ions have5 smaller ionic radii compared to the iron(III) ions. This causes the tetrahedron of FeO4 to be greater than that of PO4, and will result in larger tilt angles. Analyzing from the temperature range levels, when the temperature level ranges from 294oK to 969oK, the bond distance between Iron and Oxygen decreases from 1.858 Å to 1.818 Å. The bond length continues to decrease beyond the transition phase of α-β at 980oK. The bond distance between iron and oxygen atoms (Fe-O) continues to decrease to 1.75 Å after transition, and continues to decrease even further to 1.73 Å as the temperature levels rise beyond 1073oK. This consistent decrease in bond length only occurs in FeO4 tetrahedron. In the PO4 tetrahedron, the bond length varies between different temperature levels More about Iron Phosphate Lab Report Open Document
Scheduled Energy Savings By: Eric Schultz The purpose of this tutorial is to show you how to set up scheduled changes to your energy settings in both Windows and Linux. Back Story With the rising cost of electricity I figured it was time to set up those pesky Energy Star settings on my computer. Idealy, I'd like it to sleep/hibernate to save the most. The only problem is that I actually WORK on my computer! Imagine that. In the past, the first time a computer went to sleep while I was working/reading the screen, I'd set it to "Always On". So, then I tried setting it up to suspend after a very very long time (4 hours.) But this isn't all that good since even during off hours I sometimes use the computer to check something. Setting it all up on Windows Step 1 - Create Power Profiles Go to: Start -> Control Panel -> Display Select the "Screen Saver" Tab Click on the "Power" Button Now set up 2 or more Power profiles by Selecting your settings and Clicking "Save As". We will need the names of the power profiles later... so write them down. Step 2 - Configure Task Scheduler to Change the Power Profiles Tricks and Tips -- (or Troubleshooting) On Windows, sometimes things don't work like they should. These are some of those things. Hardware/Software Blocking Suspend Sometimes a piece of Hardware or Software will block suspend. You'll have to google these problems, sometimes it's an old driver, or just a setting. Beware any software that Polls (or has "poll" in it's name.) If the computer is not auto-suspending (test by setting suspend to 1 minute) these programs are good culprits. ati Hotkey Polling Service If you have an ATI graphics card, this "service" is installed to allow you to use hotkeys (keyborad shortcuts) to change display settings. I've NEVER seen any sane person do this, and this "service" WILL stop your computer from auto-suspending. You can safely disable it. Setting it up on Linux Well I have never had my Linux box suspend since I run servers on it (Even locally for testing and monitoring other computers.) But the screens I have hooked up do need a rest. So this only sets the sleep timeouts on the screens. 1. Get a terminal 2. run: crontab -e 3. Add two lines to the crontab: 01 07 * * 1-5 your_username xset -display :0.0 dpms 3600 3600 3600 01 19 * * * your_username xset -display :0.0 dpms 600 600 600 The first part (before your_username) is the schedule of when to run the command (read "man 5 crontab" to learn more) The second part (after your_username) is the command that is run (read "man xset") The numbers are the dpms settings in seconds (3600 = 1 Hour, 600 = 10 Min.)
Collaborating Authors Cold, clear view of molecules nets chemistry prize More than a dozen Nobel Prizes have been awarded over the past century for techniques that use x-rays to take pictures of proteins and other complex molecules. This year, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry went to three pioneers of an approach that could ultimately displace x-rays: Jacques Dubochet of the University of Lausanne in Switzerland, Joachim Frank of Columbia University, and Richard Henderson of the Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Biology in Cambridge, U.K. Called cryo–electron microscopy, it can take snapshots of large, wriggly structures, such as the cell's proteinmaking machinery and the structure of the Zika virus, that x-rays have trouble seeing. Use of the new technique is growing fast among biologists, and has funding agencies around the globe racing to build new imaging centers. Genome editing wins Nobel chemistry prize BBC News Two scientists have been awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing the tools to edit DNA. Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna are the first two women to share the prize, awarded for their work on the technology of genome editing. Their discovery, known as Crispr-Cas9 genetic scissors, is a way of making specific and precise changes to the DNA contained in living cells. They are the first women to share the prize without a male collaborator. The winners will share the prize money of 10 million krona (£861,200; $1,110,400). CRISPR gene editing pioneers win the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry CRISPR gene editing promises to revolutionize medical science, and two of its pioneers are getting a prestigious award for their efforts. Emmanuelle Charpentier (shown at left) and Jennifer Doudna (right) have received the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their roles in discovering the CRISPR/Cas9 "genetic scissors" used to cut DNA. Charpentier found the key tracrRNA molecule that bacteria use to cut and disable viruses, and collaborated with RNA expert Doudna to eventually'reprogram' the scissors to cut any DNA molecule at a specific point, making the gene editing method viable. While the team including Charpentier and Doudna published its work in June 2012, seven months before a Broad Institute-led group released its own findings, it didn't include certain aspects Broad used when it started patenting gene editing methods in 2014. That led to a patent battle that's still raging today, with Broad getting "priority" for its patents even as it as denied several motions that could give Charpentier and Doudna an advantage. Nobel in chemistry honours pair for new way of building molecules Al Jazeera The Nobel Prize for chemistry has been awarded to German scientist Benjamin List of the Max Planck Institute and Scotland-born scientist David WC MacMillan of Princeton University. The two scientists' work had advanced pharmaceutical research and "made chemistry greener", the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said in a statement on Wednesday as it announced the winners. List and MacMillan, working independently of each other, had developed a new type of catalyst to accelerate chemical reactions called asymmetric organocatalysis. Such catalysts are essential in molecular construction, the academy said. "This concept for catalysis is as simple as it is ingenious, and the fact is that many people have wondered why we didn't think of it earlier," said Johan Aqvist, chair of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry. Nanoscale Machines Snag the Nobel Prize in Chemistry They toil against equilibrium, entropy, death. And since the Industrial Revolution, machines have become ubiquitous, a practically invisible backdrop to the macroscopic world. This year's Nobel Prize for chemistry goes to scientists who did foundational work in making machines part of the nano-scale world--that is, actually invisible. Molecules are governed by random rules, and naturally edge towards equilibrium. They are also impossible to manipulate without using chemistry.
In September 2019, the German government wants to present a new package of climate protection measures. The pricing of CO2-emissions in the sectors not covered by the EU-ETS will play a major role here. But what are the basic CO2-pricing options in the transport and heating sectors? What are the differences between the political options discussed and what are the respective advantages and disadvantages? © Sven Petersen / Fotolia How are CO2-emissions currently priced? Explicit pricing of CO2 in Germany only takes place via the European Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS). Since 2005, the EU-ETS has been the central instrument for climate protection in the European Union. The EU-ETS operates according to the “cap and trade” principle: the upper limit of CO2-certificates (cap), which is fixed between states and reduced annually, determines the maximum amount of CO2 emitted the participating sectors (source: EU Commission). The emission allowances or certificates can be traded. Trading results in a price for certificates, which is intended to encourage companies to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. Currently, the EU-ETS comprises some 12,000 installations in the energy and energy-intensive industries. In the EU, around 45 percent of greenhouse gas emissions are by now subject to the EU-ETS (source: Federal Environment Agency). Since 2012, the trading system also includes intra-European air traffic. As part of the Paris Climate Agreement, the EU has committed itself to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 40 percent by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. The EU-ETS plays a major role here. While prices for CO2-certificates remained at around 5 EUR/ton until before 2018, prices at the end of July 2019 were just under 30 EUR/tonne (see Figure 1). Price development of CO2-certificates in the EU-ETS Figure 1: Price development of CO2-certificates in the EU-ETS You can also find out more about CO2 trading, the changes for the next trading period and the effects on the electricity market in one of our seminars. The EU-ETS is not sufficient for German emission targets The EU-ETS ensures the reduction of greenhouse gases only in the energy and industrial sectors. This means that more than 50 percent of European emissions are not covered. For several years, it has been clear that the German climate target of 40 percent less greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 compared to 1990 can no longer be achieved. In particular, emissions in the heating and transport sector decreased only slowly or stagnated. Further measures are required, in order to at least achieve the emission target of minus 55 percent CO2-emissions compared to 1990 for the year 2030. In addition, Germany might incur costs in the three-digit million range in case emissions are too high due to the EU-Effort-Sharing-Regulation. The discussion about an additional pricing of CO2-emissions has therefore gained considerable momentum in the course of 2019 (source: DIW, IMK, FÖS, Sachverständigenrat Wirtschaft, Wuppertal Institut, CO2 Abgabe e.V.). What possibilities are there for additional CO2 pricing? There are many possibilities for CO2-pricing in theory. Only the options discussed in Germany right now are elucidated on below. Basically, three different variants of additional CO2-pricing are being on the political agenda. 1. an extension of the EU ETS to the heat and transport sectors, 2. a new emissions trading system for the heat and transport sectors, 3. and a CO2-tax on fossil fuels in the two sectors. Option1: Extension of the EU-ETS protracted but appropriate on European level The extension of the EU-ETS to the heat and transport sectors would make it possible to reduce emissions across the EU where it is most economically efficient. It would also be a relatively “accurate” instrument to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by choosing the appropriate emissions cap. Furthermore, integration into the European framework would have the advantage that small-scale and national solutions are rendered unnecessary. A uniform price in the EU-ETS would continue to give a signal for investments in low-emission technologies in all sectors. However, the political feasibility of an expansion can be classified as low. Especially since the new regulations for the fourth EU-ETS trading period (2021-2030) were only agreed in lengthy negotiations during 2017 and 2018 and have already entered into force. The inclusion of the heating and transport sectors in an EU-wide emissions trading system would realistically be possible from the fifth trading period onwards, i.e. in more than ten years’ time. However, emissions must be avoided as soon as possible. The option of an EU-ETS extension is primarily of medium and long-term character, but should be taken into account when designing short-term climate protection instruments (source: German Council of Economic Experts). Option 2: An emissions trading scheme for non-EU-ETS sectors as a transitional solution? In the short term, the inclusion of the heat and transport sectors in the EU-ETS is not possible. The establishment of a further emissions trading scheme for sectors that are not subject to the EU-ETS (source: German Council of Economic Experts) could, however, prepare this at least in the period 2020 to 2030. However, a number of important decisions need to be taken: 1. Which non-EU-ETS sectors should be included in the new system? Should only heat and transport be included, or should emissions from agriculture also be part of the new system? 2. What is the certificate obligation, or who can or must participate in emissions trading? In very heterogeneous sectors with a large number of different emitters (e.g. individual motorists, importers of fuels, small farms) the design of the certificate obligation can be very complex. A logistical and manageable solution would be for example when importers and producers of fossil fuels are obliged to buy CO2-certificates instead of end consumers. 3. Will the new emissions trading system be set up throughout Germany? Or should it be structured as an European system with opt-in with a coalition of willing states? Here, too, the question arises as to whether it can be implemented quickly, and potential differences in the height of the cap for certificates in the new emissions trading system. Option 3: CO2-tax quicker and easier to implement The implementation of a CO2-tax is an alternative to the expansion or establishment of new emissions trading systems. Such a tax for the transport and heat sectors could be levied on top of existing energy taxes. In July, the reports by the Ministry of the Environment examined the impact and social compatibility of this version in particular. The revenues from an additional CO2-tax on fossil fuels could then be reused. It is conceivable, for example to reduce the electricity tax to the European minimum rate or the EEG-levy. A repayment of tax revenues as a per-capita lump sum was also discussed. There ist one problem with the introduction of a new tax. What is the “correct” price for the ton of CO2 ? The correct level is not known and that the price might have to be adjusted annually. This could lead to the tax being set at a lower level than necessary for short-term political reasons. In the discussion, the most recent studies assumed an additional CO2-tax of 35 EUR/ton in 2020 linearly rising to 180 EUR/tonne in 2030 (DIW, IMK, FÖS). A CO2-tax, however, is no guarantee for actually decreasing emissions. There is no upper limit compared to an emissions trading scheme. Consumption is only made more expensive. As a result, emission targets could not be achieved. A summary of the pros and cons of the three options for additional CO2-pricing can be found in Table 1 (source: German Council of Economic Experts, CO2 Abgabe e.V.). Pros and cons of the different CO2-pricing options Table 1: Pros and cons of the different CO2-pricing options What is the yardstick for an additional CO2-emissions pricing scheme? It is clear that Germany’s CO2 emissions must be reduced as quickly as possible in order to comply with both national and international emission targets. Additional pricing should have a steering effect on the various emitters. One fact must be clear: The measure must be socially compatible so that commuters or rural areas are not disadvantaged. The redistribution of revenue from the scheme plays a major role here. When the CO2-pricing scheme is designed and applied, the European and international perspective should not be forgotten. It is absolutely expedient to include other European countries in the design. Or at least in the medium-to long-term planning. A number of instruments exists that enable additional pricing of CO2 in Germany. They all have different implications as explained above. How will the Federal Government’s decide on its climate protection measures on 20th of September 2019? Either way it will be of great importance.
As was the case with the subsidies for charity, the subvention for common schools varied in amount according to the prosperity of the state treasury. Table I shows a marked increase in the amount of the subvention after 1836. The augmentation of the grant could not, of course, have come from the growing revenue of the school fund of 1831, since the revenue from land sales declined after 1835. The large grants to common schools during the years 1838 to 1840 were due to sudden accessions to the state treasury of incidental revenue in extraordinary amounts. In 1836 the state chartered the Bank of the United States, providing that in addition to the other payments to the state treasury " the further sum of one hundred thousand dollars on the first day of June next, and like sums of one hundred thousand dollars, on each succeeding first Monday of June, for nineteen years thereafter, to [shall] be added to and paid over with the annual appropriation provided by the Commonwealth for school purposes and be distributed according to the several laws of the Commonwealth regulating the distribution of such appropriations. " *77 That the bank bonus, or a part of it, should thus be used for the benefit of the schools was quite in harmony with the policy of other states of providing for free education out of non-tax income. In the following year (1837), the schools received additional aid from other incidental sources. The legislature decided that the surplus revenue, which the federal government turned over to Pennsylvania, should be deposited with banks at 6 per cent interest, and the proceeds devoted to the schools. *78 The interest on this deposit would have meant an annual accretion of more than $170,000 had it been permitted to remain invested for the benefit of education; but the legislature soon appropriated the principal and thus wiped out that source of school income. But, as it happened, the schools received a liberal share of the surplus in a different way. A most serious difficulty encountered during the first years of the school system had been the lack of schoolhouses. In some localities the districts had been able to utilize buildings previously constructed for the education of pauper children. In other instances they were able to rent or to purchase the buildings that had been used for parochial or private schools. But in a majority of cases the districts were obliged to construct buildings before they could put the schools into operation. Since the terms of the subvention did not require the districts receiving the grant to maintain schools for any specified length of time, it was possible to expend the state money, as well as the proceeds of local taxation, in the construction of buildings. But this meant that while the district was paying for buildings it would be obliged to economize severely in other directions. Hence, for the first few years the school system was a "system of taxation" and not of education. *79 77 Act 18 February, 1836, P.L. pp. 42-43. 78 Act 27 February, 1837, P.L. pp. 24-25. 79 Superintendent of Common Schools, Report (1838), p. 9. The effect of this situation upon the acceptance of the common schools was anything but favorable, and in 1836 Governor Ritner recommended that $500,000 of the surplus revenue deposited by the federal government be appropriated to the districts for the erection of school-houses. *80 That the burden of building houses was a relatively large item in the expenses of the schools during the first few years is shown by the fact that in the districts outside of Philadelphia, from 1836 to 1842 inclusive, almost one-third as much was paid for building purposes as for instruction, fuel and other maintenance costs. *81 In order to relieve the localities of a part of the cost of construction and to hasten the time when the schools should be fully in operation, the legislature followed the recommendation of the governor and appropriated for the construction of schoolhouses $500,000 of the surplus revenue. In case any district already had a suitable building, it was permitted to utilize its share of the grant, which was distributed in the usual way, for the maintenance of schools. *82 The amount actually paid to all accepting districts83 during the year 1837 was $553,300, *84 the highwater mark of the subvention for more than thirty years. The circumstances surrounding this grant of a round half-million of dollars for the building of schoolhouses support the general principle that a treasury suddenly become prosperous by reason of unusual productiveness of the taxes or by reason of the unexpected appearance of large incidental revenues, supplies a very favorable opportunity for the establishment of new grants or the extension of old ones. 80 Pennsylvania Archives, IV Ser. VI, p. 295. 81 See table, page 65 infra. 82 Act 3 April, 1837, P.L. p. 405. How large a proportion of the money thus appropriated was actually used in building is not indicated by the table on page 65, and the inadequacy of the reports of the time make anything but a conjectural estimate impossible. It is significant, however, to note that in the year when the special grant of $500,000 was made, the average length of the school term, as given by the reports of the state superintendent, increased from four months and three days to six months, (Report (1844), p. 8) and at no time afterwards did so short an average term as five months prevail. 83 The wide variations between the amounts appropriated and the amounts actually paid over, as reported by the Auditor General, are principally due to the presence of the non-accepting districts, whose share remained in the state treasury. 84 This included, in addition to the proportion of the $500,000 for building purposes paid to accepting districts, the annual subvention for the maintenance of the schools.
Expert sessions chapter 2 | Nursing homework help If unable to pull up video let me know.  You will need to listen to the lecture above and write a summary. You must organize the information and explain it in a way that helps someone else learn the material. You can use diagrams or charts to help organize the information effectively. Approximately two pages (single-spaced) should be appropriate for most of these assignments. You could write somewhat more or less based on the contents in the videos. Click Here to Make an Order Click Here to Hire a Writer
What is an Online Citizenship • Why citizenship matters in the real world • How one person can behave differently online and off • What happens when someone forgets that real people get their comments • Why citizenship is important online and off Video Transcript: Most people are good citizens in the offline world. They are kind to others, they obey laws and want their community to be a better place. But these days many of us are also citizens of the online world. We participate in discussions, share photos, and get help using websites. While this makes communication faster and easier, it can also cause problems. Stewart is a good guy. He cares about the feelings of others and avoids saying insensitive things at the dinner table. He would never call someone a hurtful name on the street or yell rude comments in a restaurant. But when Stewart goes online, he seems to become a different person. In his mind, the Internet is the wild, wild west, where he doesn’t need to use his real name. He feels anonymous. He often writes provocative comments on blogs and video websites without contributing anything valuable. His discussions on Twitter are often mean-spirited and personal. And sometimes he writes to companies using unnecessary profanity. It’s kind of a joke to him - a way to mess with people. Recently a friend recognized his online name on a few comments and gave him a call. She had seen horrible things that he said to her brother online, and wanted Stewart to know that it hurt him, personally. She had one question for Stewart: Why? Stewart was speechless - he never meant to hurt anybody. Before that moment, he never even considered the real people who were the targets of his comments. As icons on a computer screen, it was easy to feel disconnected. He didn't have to see their faces or reactions - it was like they weren't real. But that all changed. Suddenly he could see that real people, just like the ones across from him at dinner, received and read his words online - and those words mattered. He also realized that his family uses the Internet every day. And if everyone behaved like him, it could become a pretty bad place. Now he sees that citizenship means giving people the same respect he does in the real world, even when he disagrees with them. We all want to live in safe, productive communities and that takes awareness and effort from all of us, online and off. Last updated on 20th November 2021 by Eran Bucai Want to support the growth of this search engine? Learn more about the subscription
Where Is The Closest Life Line Screening To Me Located What Type Of Stroke Testing Tests Are Common? Stroke testing is really essential in the treatment of stroke, particularly when the stroke is brought on by a blood clot in the capillary. Embolism that created in a capillary are referred to as “thrombosis.” An embolism can be triggered by anything: a cars and truck accident, an acute rhinitis, and even a stroke. Stroke is seriously, and if it is caught early enough, stroke testing can conserve your life. Screening for clots is done primarily with blood tests and electrocardiograms (ECG). ECG is the “excellent” kind of examination to use for stroke screening, due to the fact that it measures the electric impulses in the heart. When there is an issue in the arteries, the heartbeat will slow down or quit entirely. This is the major indicator of whether or not there is a trouble in the capillary. This is why it is called the “cardiac arrest displays.” There are several things that go into a testing for a heart attack. These testings consist of taking your relaxing heart price, and checking for boosts or reduces in both the rhythm as well as pressure of your heart. Your relaxing heart price is really crucial, because it provides medical professionals a great idea if you go to danger for a cardiovascular disease. There are other points that enter into stroke screenings too, such as points that impact brain feature, such as memory and interest. When it pertains to carotid artery disease screening, the medical professionals will take a look at your head to see if you have any indications of what is called “tachycardia.” Tachycardia is the uneven rhythm of your heart. The most usual sign of this problem is a battering heart. Additionally, if you have an enlarged or puffy heart, it might indicate that you have a much more severe problem. An additional thing that they consider is the vision. Lots of people think that if you are doing a normal regular eye examination, then it suffices. It is important to understand that numerous of these screenings will certainly likewise include the use of eyeglasses or get in touch with lenses. If you require to wear these to be able to see effectively, then it is essential that you go through a stroke testing for ischemic strokes. An ultrasound is likewise another sort of stroke screening that is done. An ultrasound functions by using sound waves to separate any blocked blood vessels. It basically journeys the blockages up to ensure that the medical professional can much better see what is taking place. Blood clots can be very hazardous, as well as once they are broken up, they are less likely to be dangerous to your brain. An ultrasound is made use of to not just break up embolism, yet likewise to separate big plaque build-ups in the arteries, as well. Why Cardio Screening Is a Must! Cardio Testing, likewise referred to as heart testing, is a diagnostic approach utilized by the healthcare market to determine the efficiency of the heart in pumping blood. This straightforward, fast, non-intrusive test will certainly expose important details of the heart such as: Pulse recognition to precisely determine any kind of abnormalities in your ventricle’s heart beat; ECG type analysis; and your cardiac output reading. Screening tests are performed previously, during, as well as after workout training programs along with throughout and also after maternity. This is necessary for individuals that frequently participate in high-intensity exercises. This is additionally essential for those who have various other health issue such as cardiac troubles, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Cardiovascular disease is just one of the leading causes of death in America today. While being examined for numerous conditions, cardio testing usually shows lots of non-threatening conditions that can be dealt with as well as also stopped. Improper therapy commonly results in further complications. Early evaluating for hypertension can protect against a heart attack; and also very early screening for high cholesterol can stop a stroke. Early screening can additionally result in weight management, reduced high blood pressure and lower blood cholesterol. Cardio Testing can assist determine whether you have a heart disease. There are several sort of cardio screening that can screen for different kinds of conditions. The first kind is a Workout Heart Price Monitor. This tiny tool records the heart price during laborious workout without revealing the individual any type of information that would enable the tracking of the heart’s rhythms. An upper body x ray can be used to recognize whether or not a heart disease is present. These tests are not 100% precise and also do not result in a complete heart history of the person. An additional kind of cardio screening is the analysis of oxygen saturation of the bloodstream. Oxygen saturation of the blood shows the quantity of oxygen exists in the blood as a percentage of the overall quantity of blood that is included within the body. High degrees of oxygen may show a serious medical problem such as a heart issue or a kidney condition. High degrees of carbon monoxide gas can additionally indicate a significant problem. Carbon monoxide is produced from the burning of fuel in lorries, however can be absorbed by the body via inhalation. Electronic Doppler technology is one more kind of cardio screening. An individual goes through a collection of basic examinations that show much anxiety on the arteries and heart. Throughout the test, the Doppler produces an acoustic wave that is listened to by the person as he or she walks, skips, jumps, or bumbles. The regularity as well as strength of the sound waves are very correlated with just how much stress and anxiety is being put on the arteries. In addition, the Doppler can likewise measure the heart price as well as blood pressure of the subject. A much more advanced kind of cardio testing is the cardiac catheterization. An unique stent is placed in the person’s groin area to place a catheter tube into the circulatory system as well as to keep track of the oxygenated blood versus the stress of the blood being pumped by the heart. The rate of the heart is kept track of by means of the stent for adjustments in the electric present as well as to determine if the heart is pumping sufficient oxygenated blood to provide the body. Some forms of cardio screening do require the use of a specialized pump; most call for making use of a finger pulse monitor. There are several various other methods to get screened for cardiovascular issues, including through ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. These sorts of exams give thorough info concerning the heart, lungs, and kidneys without needing the individual to undergo invasive procedures. It is important to get these kinds of cardio testings regularly in order to remain healthy. Lots of health care specialists recommend routine cardio screening a minimum of once a year. This can help to determine potential heart problem risks as well as to spot the beginning indications of possible strokes or various other medical issues. The advantages of cardio testing frequently outweigh the benefits of the intrusive procedures made use of to evaluate for cardiovascular problems. Because of this, lots of people locate that performing non-invasive tests instead of obtaining intrusive treatments, such as electrocardiograms or sclerotherapy, is the very best means to remain healthy. • Life Line Screening .com • Mri Life Line Screening Houston Tx • What Is A Cardiovascular Screening Blood Test • Lipid Screening And Cardiovascular Health In Childhood. • Screening Tests For Heart Disease That Can Be Ordered By Myself • Icd10 Screening Heart Disease • Life Line Screening. Can It Save Your Life? • Free Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening • Life Line Screening Discount Codes • Life Line Screening, Christine Ahrens
Autoimmune Diseases: When our immune system turns against us Print More The immune system has become a topic of interest during the COVID pandemic. It is our goal to create a healthy internal environment to fight disease by eating right, exercising, getting enough sleep, and taking supplements. However, sometimes our immune system turns against us, mistakenly attacking the very body it was meant to protect. Allergies are one way our immune system overreacts to substances such as pollen, insect bites, pet dander and various food. These reactions usually vary in severity and are controlled with medications. Chronic problems occur when that same immune system causes autoimmune diseases by attacking organs or glands. The immune system usually guards against bacteria and viruses. When it senses these invaders, it sends out an army of fighter cells to attack them. Typically, the immune system can tell the difference between the bad guys and the good guys. In an autoimmune disease, the immune system mistakes body parts, such as joints or skin, as foreign. It releases auto-antibodies that attack the healthy cells. Some attack one organ, others attack the whole body.  It’s not known exactly what causes an immune system to misfire. Women get these diseases twice as often as men, usually during the child-bearing years. Some ethnic groups are more prone to autoimmune diseases, and some diseases tend to run in families. Exposure to chemicals, highly-processed foods, a highly stressful life event, or a lack of exposure to germs due to excessive hygiene, are all thought to cause the immune system to overreact. There are more than 80 autoimmune diseases, and a few are very common, and it is beneficial to understand the autoimmune system’s role. Let’s take a look at some of the most familiar ones. Type 1 Diabetes is when the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. High blood sugar results, leading to blood vessel and organ damage if not controlled. Rheumatoid Arthritis is when the joints are attacked. Joints become red, swollen and stiff, often with pain. Celiac Disease causes a deficiency in processing gluten, a protein found in grain products. Many people have gluten sensitivity, which is not an autoimmune disease, but it can have similar abdominal pain symptoms and diarrhea. Psoriasis/Psoriatic Arthritis is caused when skin cells multiply too quickly and build-up, forming inflamed scaly patches of plaque on the skin. Up to 30 percent of those afflicted also develop psoriatic arthritis with pain and swelling in the joints. Multiple Sclerosis damages the myelin sheath, the protective coating around nerve cells. This damage slows the speed of messages between the brain and spinal cord, leading to numbness, weakness, balance issues and trouble walking. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus affects many organs, including joints, kidneys, brain and heart. Common symptoms are joint pain, fatigue and rashes. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) causes inflammation in the lining of the intestinal wall. Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis both affect different parts of the GI system. Other Autoimmune Diseases include Addison’s, Graves’, Sjogren’s, and Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, affecting the endocrine system and disrupting metabolism. Myasthenia Gravis results in muscle weakness; Autoimmune Vasculitis attacks blood vessels; and Pernicious Anemia causes a protein deficiency in the stomach cells.  Early symptoms of many autoimmune diseases are similar: fatigue, achy, swollen muscles, low-grade fever, trouble concentrating, hair loss, numbness in hands/feet, and skin rashes. These occur when the immune system is attacking the body. Other symptoms are specific, such as Type 1 diabetes causing thirst, fatigue, weight loss, and IBD causing belly pain and bloating. Symptoms may come and go, making the attacks hard to diagnose. Depending on the symptoms, various medical specialists treat autoimmune diseases. No single test can diagnose exactly, but your doctor will use a combination of tests and a symptom review. The antinuclear antibody test (ANA) is one of the first tests indicating autoimmune disruption. Treatments can’t cure autoimmune diseases, but they can control the response and reduce inflammation. Drugs used include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and naproxen, steroids, and immune-suppressing drugs, which relieve symptoms by reducing autoimmune reactions.
Can parrot fish switch gender? Parrotfish are unique in that they have the ability to change their sex throughout their lifetime. Primary males are fish that are born male and stay male throughout their life, while secondary males are males that are born female and become male when they reach sexual maturity. Can parrot fish change its gender? The stoplight parrotfish, Sparisoma viride, changes sex from female to male. In most cases, sex change is accompanied by dramatic change in coloration, from the female-like “initial phase” coloration to “terminal phase” coloration that is associated with males. Are all parrot fish born male? Almost all parrotfish start out their lives as female. Some are born male, known as primary males, but this is quite rare in most species. … At this point the largest female undergoes a sex change to become a secondary male. Which bird can change its gender? But to understand why female ducks can start reverting to a male appearance, it’s important to realise that their sex determination system is reversed compared with mammals. The sex chromosomes in birds are known as Z and W, and the presence of a W chromosome causes the development of a female (ZW). IT IS INTERESTING:  What does heavy metal do to fish? What is the life span of a parrot fish? There are about 60 species of parrotfish that live in reefs all around the world, but they all generally live about 5-7 years and grow to 1-4 feet in length. Is fish male or female? Is my blood parrot male or female? Males and females are identical in coloring and pattern, but males are slightly larger than females. Why we should not eat parrot fish? While parrotfish eat a lot of coral, they also eat the algae that grow on top of coral reefs. … In areas where overfishing has wiped out parrotfish populations, coral reef ecosystems are not as productive, and cannot sustain as much diverse life. How many fish can be in a parrot tank? What Size Aquarium Do They Need? A Blood Parrot Cichlid needs at least a 30 gallon tank – this will be enough for one fish. Every additional fish needs at least 10 gallons to ensure that they all have plenty of space. What animal has no gender? Can birds be both genders? A bird that appears to be half-female and half-male has been photographed in Pennsylvania by a birder who rushed out with his camera when he heard a friend had spotted the northern cardinal. Though not unheard of, mixed sex birds are rare. IT IS INTERESTING:  Where can you fish on Padre Island? Is duck a male? The term drake refers exclusively to males while the term duck can refer to either gender, and the term hen refers exclusively to females. Immature birds of either gender are called ducklings, not drakes or hens. What eats parrot fish? Why do parrot fish turn white? Parrot Cichlids can turn pale as a ghost in a very short time. Why do they lose their color? Unfortunately this isn’t one of those questions with a simple answer. Sometimes it is an indication that they are ill, but it is just as likely to happen when they are spawning, frightened, feeling shy or even depressed! Are parrot fish poisonous? At certain times of the year, various species of fish and shellfish contain poisonous biotoxins, even if well cooked. … Certain fish—groupers, barracudas, moray eel, sturgeon, sea bass, red snapper, amberjack, mackerel, parrot fish, surgeonfish, and triggerfish—can cause ciguatera fish poisoning. Fishing Fan Blog
Skip to main content NLPThere is a big difference between recognizing natural language and understanding it. Machine Learning has given the impression that it has or will solve natural language processing and that dictionaries, syntax, and all the traditional trappings of linguistics are simply not needed. This could not be further from the truth. The solution lies in understanding and, until now, human-like understanding has been impossible to achieve. Linguistic Facts Tell Us What To Do It takes children 4 to 14 years to learn a language. English takes 4 years to master and Finnish takes 14. Even with the most sophisticated brain, neural network, and high quality sensors, it takes humans many years to learn a language. This gives us the most important clue in our goal of getting computers to read and understand text like humans. If you put children on a desert island without language, they may develop some primitive gestures and sounds, but they won't come off the island ten years later speaking what is considered to be a modern, mature human language. Language is a system that has developed over thousands of years, accumulating words, concepts, and complex syntactic systems that children take years to master. It is a learned skill. The ability to read and write has to be taught separately, and that in itself takes many more years to master. Combined with the long journey to acquiring world knowledge, understanding language is a multi-layered, complex task. If we expect computers to read and understand text, they must exploit the same linguistic and world knowledge as humans. This is beyond a pattern recognition task, which is the realm of Machine Learning. You can give Machine Learning all the English text in the world, but it will still not know that grandma is a person or a female and be able to use that in a useful task. It could discover that those two words are related but if you ask it what is the meaning of female, it will not know. Machine learning cannot "understand" language by simply looking at text. What Was Needed Until the turn of the millennium, automating the understanding of human language seemed far from reach. Hand-built systems were cobbled together at universities with dictionaries, syntax rules, and semantics to do a reasonable job of parsing. But these were hard to modify and to extend beyond specific tasks and domains. What is worse, such systems were siloed, usually as a sequence of black boxes, with increasing degradation at each step in the processing. Such systems couldn’t operate in a cohesive or synergistic manner. What was needed was a “glass box” system, where lexical, syntactic, and semantic processing could all work synergistically with feedback to achieve as accurate a result as possible.  Integration with a knowledge base for linguistic, domain, and world knowledge was a critical component.  Such a knowledge base could build conceptual representations on the fly for the raw text being processed.  A unified programming language to address both the knowledge and the language processing would yield a flexible and extensible development environment. NLP++ and VisualText Such a system was developed between 1998 and 2001. The computer language NLP++ and its IDE, VisualText were developed in order to construct computer programs what were in effect "Digital Human Readers". NLP++ allowed for the syntactic matching of patterns in text, the use of linguistic and world knowledge, and the ability to create knowledge on-the-fly while processing. Some of the advantages of such a system are that, unlike Machine Learning, NLP++ relies on humans encoding linguistic and world knowledge needed to do a task, whereas Machine Learning requires large amounts of text for training purposes. There are several advantages that come with such a system: • A system can be developed with a small corpus of text • If a problem arises, it is easy to fix given 100% of the code for the system is visible (“glass box”) • The system can easily be enhanced with time like any computer program Automation Versus Building With the advent of Machine Learning (ML), we have been seduced into thinking that everything can be learned automatically by computers. Machine Learning today cannot learn the principal players in court cases and incorporate them in a system to understand court cases. Machine learning cannot learn that the length of an appendix (organ) is 8-10 centimeters and alert a doctor that a radiology report indicates appendicitis. Nor can Machine Learning learn that the son of a mother is also the son of the father in text about genealogy. If, however, we build systems using the necessary linguistic and world knowledge needed to perform a task, we CAN build Digital Human Readers that can understand text at the same level as human beings. We have the tools, now we need to have the wherewithall to build the necessary dictionaries, knowledge bases, and processing algorithms that allow us to use this technology across industry and truly revolutionize our capabilities in getting computers to read and understand text like humans. VisualText and NLP++Links for NLP++ and VisualText
Explore Courses Blog Tutorials Interview Questions 0 votes 1 view in Java by (10.2k points) Someone explain to me what InputStream and OutputStream are? I am confused about the use cases for both InputStream and OutputStream. If you could also include a snippet of code to go along with your explanation, that would be great. Thanks! 1 Answer 0 votes by (46k points) edited by The purpose of InputStream and OutputStream is to complex several approaches to input and output: whether that stream is a file, a web page, or the screen shouldn't imply. All that means is that you collect data from the stream (or send learning into that stream.) InputStream is practiced for several things that you viewed from. OutputStream is practiced for several things that you write to. Are you interested in learning Java from the basics! Refer to this video on Java provided by Intellipaat: Here's some example code. It considers the InputStream instr and OutputStream osstr have previously been performed: int i; while ((i = != -1) { Related questions 0 votes 1 answer asked Aug 29, 2019 in Java by Ritik (3.5k points) 0 votes 1 answer 0 votes 1 answer 0 votes 1 answer Browse Categories
Frank Herbert’s Dune: The Prescience Trap and the End of Free Will, Part One Paul Atreides’ prescience, the ability to see future events, in Frank Herbert’s ‘Dune’ is both a literary device and commentary on science throughout his novel. As a literary device, Herbert uses Paul’s ability to see the future as a way of foreshadowing events in the book. In Paul’s visions, the reader sees the destruction of the House Atreides, Paul meeting Chani and the Fremen, and his rise as a messianic figure. The author also shows how Paul may be the long-anticipated hero of this messianic story, the Kwisatz Haderach, as hinted in the scene with the Reverend Mother Gaius Helen Mohiam and the Gom Jabbar test. But Herbert also tells the reader another story, one about the danger of living in a deterministic society where freedom gives way to absolute predictability and control. The trap of the prescient as he calls it. To understand Frank Herbert’s fear of a world where everything is determined and predictable you have to understand the times in which he lived. From the 1940s through the 1960s science was both the boon and a bane of human society. Through science, human beings could increase lifespan, end hunger and disease, and promote peace. Science could also make more devastating weapons and introduce the threat of a technocratic despotic state. Computers, or thinking machines, could orchestrate all aspects of human life and, with their ability to predict future events, create a static society where everything is determined and controlled. Herbert hated this idea, of the loss of free will, so much that in his book he had the “thinking machines” destroyed in a Great Jihad. He also postulated that this folly by the people who wanted to predict the future, to control the fate of others, would not end with that. So in ‘Dune’, Herbert introduces the reader to prescience, and Bene Gesserit’s eugenics program to achieve this goal, and how this could lead to the extinction of humankind. The creation of the Kwisatz Haderach by the “witches” in the narrative gives the story both the reason for the central character, Paul Atreides, to be the messianic figure in this story and the theme which is the folly of predictability. Paul’s abilities set him apart from those around him through his visions of the future and foreknowledge of things he shouldn’t know. For example, when he knew how to wear his stillsuit for the first time or of his mother’s pregnancy with his sister. His visions of the future weren’t perfect, though. They were not always accurate and could even be open to interpretation as to when he failed to predict Gurney Halleck’s attack on his mother and the death of his first son, Leto. Paul himself described his prescience ability as a man traveling through the desert. When the traveler reaches the crest of a dune he can see for miles in the direction of his destination. It is only when he begins his journey, and climbs down to the lowest part of the dune, that his vision and sense of direction become obscured. Paul could see the future but once he attempts to move in that direction “his vision becomes obscured.” This is an analogy of computer efficiency in Herbert’s day. Computing technology was good at making short-term trend predictions but for predicting anything long-term with any accuracy it was virtually impossible. Like the traveler, the scientists could see their answers on the horizon but couldn’t see how to get there. In the novel, Paul saw an infinite number of scenarios, all equally valid, with the only difference being choosing the one least unfavorable. Instead of leading a conquering army on a bloody crusade under the Atreides banner, he chose the part of the messiah for the Fremen Jihad and Emperor of the Known Universe. Statistical analysts had the same problem, but not so dramatic. They also could see an infinite number of scenarios through the data they accumulated and from those chose the most plausible. If, they thought, you could build a better, faster thinking machine, a computer able to handle more data, then you could eliminate the uncertainty and make a better forecast of future events. Paul in his frustration in not being able to “see” Gurney Halleck’s attack on his mother echoes the same indignation futurists had with computing systems. They, like Paul, wanted a better way to improve their vision of the future, to make trends more predictable, and that is what Frank Herbert saw as dangerous. Herbert wasn’t the only science fiction author writing stories about “science going amok”. If scientists were to create machines that controlled human society it would mean the extinction of humankind. It is an old trope with countless examples (it is still in use today with the fear of AI and life under the control of the machines!). In ‘Dune’, the electronic machines were replaced by “human computers”, the mentats. Mentats were human number crunchers which is what computing systems were at the time Herbert authored his novel. They perform copious amounts of numerical computations quickly so that the data can then be analyzed and propose workable solutions to problems. It was making short-term predictions by following the trends in the data. The more data that could be accumulated the more accurate the predictable outcomes. A mentat is only as good as the information it was given. It is no surprise that mentat training was part of Paul’s education through Thufir Hawat. Making reliable predictions, to see into the future, was the goal for developing supercomputers. Once you had such a system you can control multiple aspects of functionality, control the fates of others, and eliminate randomness. Control, and the end of free will, is what scared writers, like Frank Herbert, in this genre. But there were limitations in building such a system. There was a need for new programming algorithms and the miniaturization of transistor electronics. An intuitive leap in technology was necessary to create the kind of control in trends for long-term predictions. There was a need to shorten the way. In the novel, Paul takes the “Water of Life” and makes his ascension to the level of the perfect seer. Computing technicians were doing the same in a way, through innovations in microchip technology and software, by building bigger and faster computing systems. To Frank Herbert this acquisition of technology was equivalent to Odin drinking from the Fountain of Wisdom and, as with Odin, it would come with a price. Paul drinks, pick the path of lesser evils (according to trend analysis seen as the possible scenarios in his visions), vanquishes his enemies, marries the princess, and becomes the new emperor. But what then, Herbert leaves us to ask? How will history judge us for following the words of the seer and ignoring the warnings of common wisdom (for Chani was wise!). Is the future a paradise of peace and plenty under the rule of the Perfect Prophet? Can a pre-deterministic controlled society, with no free will, end humankind’s problems? Frank Herbert continues his treatise on the scientific folly of predictability in his next three next books culminating with ‘God Emperor of Dune’. (To continue in Part Two) -A. M. Holmes Why AppleTV’s ‘Foundation’ Failed, and Villeneuve’s ‘Dune’ Succeeded. They are both wrote about the decline and fall of an empire but observe how this comes to be through different eyes and resolutions. Asimov’s approach in ‘Foundation’ is one of a historian. He describes how bureaucratic inefficiencies and a disconnected oligarchy caused the end of the Galactic Empire. He does so analytically and logically throughout ‘Foundation’ and ‘Foundation and Empire’. He changes in ‘Second Foundation’ when he introduces a proper protagonist/antagonist narrative. He had to. The first two books were an amalgamation of published short stories with a common theme. To continue the story beyond the first two books he had to shift style and construction. From ‘Second Foundation’ to his last Foundation book he continues the narrative in this way but never abandons the logic (as questionable it becomes) of the events to the end. Herbert tells the same story but from a more traditional mythological saga approach. The story of how the empire falls and rises again is the story of the hero’s journey. It begins with Paul Atreides and ends with Duncan Idaho, the last “true Atreides” (I do not include those works by Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson because those books were not part of the original vision). Herbert tells the story as a storyteller. Where ‘Foundation’ stresses the “Science” ‘Dune’ is all about the “Fiction”. AppleTV failed with its version of ‘Foundation’ because David S. Goyer and Josh Friedman tried to make it into something it wasn’t, a mythic saga. Nothing in the first book lends itself useful for this kind of format. Asimov’s ‘Foundation’ is systematically logical and few on character development. To adapt it, Goyer and Friedman used a familiar narrative, and it is the reason it feels more like a bad imitation of the worst ‘Star Wars’ tale. This is not the same for Denis Villeneuve’s ‘Dune’. Herbert’s ‘Dune’ is a mythic saga. Other than changes by the director for running time and artistic interpretation it is the same story by Frank Herbert. ‘Foundation’ failed with audiences because it tried to be something it wasn’t, and ‘Dune’ succeeded because it was what people expected. And He Called the Darkness Night “Well, now you know.” “Hello,” she said in a soft melodious voice. “And you are…?” “Laila? No last name?” “Just Laila.” “Maybe I can walk you home?” I felt annoyed by his question. “You’ll take care of it,” mocked Raffi. “I said, I’ll take care of it.” “I was hoping you’d say that.” “Must you go?” I asked, almost pleading. “I have to. It’s getting late.” That’s when we ended our argument that night. “But, but how?” “I don’t understand.” -A. M. Holmes Dancing Days I picked Jessie up from her parents’ house in my Nova at eight. Sitting with my car running on their driveway trying to keep warm. It was uncommon in December for it to be this cold in Michigan. I could hear the snow crunching under Jessie’s feet as she walked up to the passenger side. Without saying a word she opened the door and got in and I shifted in reverse to pulled out of the driveway. “I told my parents I wouldn’t be out late,” she finally said to me as I drove down the dark, lonely road. I could tell something was bothering her, but she wouldn’t tell me what. Maybe it was another argument with her parents. I didn’t know. There were times I found it hard to understand what she was thinking. It can be that way with couples. “Don’t worry, we won’t be out long. I was thinking maybe we’d go out to Rick’s and hang out.” Rick Lang was a friend of ours who lived with his parents just outside of Jackon’s city limit and a couple of miles from Jessie’s. We both knew him from Mickey D’s, a fast-food restaurant all three of us worked during the summer before I left for college in Ypsilanti. All three of us were part of the fast-food restaurant’s closing crew and used to party after work together. All that summer we’d spend hours sitting in the restaurant’s parking lot late at night drinking wine coolers and smoking the joints Rick would roll. Me and Jessie would sit in front seats of my blue ’79 Chevy Nova messing with the radio while Rick would sit in the back. He would use one of the store’s dining trays to sift the seeds out from the crumbled weed before putting it into the crease of the thin cigarette paper and rolled it into a joint. Jessie would tune in from one station to another until settling on one that was playing a song we all liked. “Stop there,” I would say when she came to a station playing Led Zeppelin. “This one? Okay, maybe this one song but only because I like it.” Jessie began singing along with the music as I took a drink from my wine cooler. “I saw a liar standing alone with a tadpole in a jar.” I burst out laughing and almost spilled my drink. “I saw a lion, not a liar.” “What?” She stopped singing and looked over at me with irritation. “It’s lion, not liar. I have the album and it’s got the lyrics.” “That doesn’t make sense. What would a lion be doing standing with a tadpole in a jar?”  “And a liar makes more sense?” She punched me in the arm, and we settled to the jams as we listen to another one of Rick’s stupid jokes. “What do you call a fake noodle? An im-pasta. What do you call a guy who never farts in public? A private tutor.” Rick would go on and on like this as he rolled another pausing only to lick the adhesive on the rolling papers to seal it. Jessie would laugh, so would I, and she would tell Lang how lame he was. Rick would just look up with that famous shitty grin of his, pop a freshly rolled joint in his mouth, and light it. They were fun times, and we enjoyed each other’s company as we drank and got high. After a couple of hours, just before the cops made their rounds to our part of town, Lang would crotch-pocket his sandwich bag full of weed and joints and climb out of the car. Before getting into his Ford Ranger Rick would always do this wink and clicking sound with his tongue as he waved goodbye. I think he thought it looked cool when he did it. I just thought he looked like a big dork, but it always seems to make Jessie laugh. Another thing he would do that he thought was cool was knock on my driver’s side window and hand me a joint before he is driving off. Other times, well, he left us with yet another groaner. After he pulled away I’d start the car, went, and dropped Jessie off at her house after a kiss, and I drove home to my parent’s house in town. None of us had met before working at Mickey D’s because we went to different high schools in town. I went to Denton High in the subdivision on the south side of Jackson while Rick and Jessie went to Jackson High on the city’s west end. They said they had never met before because they hung around with different crowds. High school was like that back then in the eighties. Our whole lives revolved around groups you fitted into. If you were into the sports you were a jock, primps were the rich kids, drug-users were burnouts, book readers with good grades were nerds, project housing kids were slums. You also had your black wearing goths, avant-garde weirdos, and the misfits who didn’t fit anywhere. It was social suicide to ever drift outside your circle. Rick played in both football and basketball teams so he was a jock. He got his dope from the burnouts and that was all right because that was just business. He would share what he toked so that made him cool. Jessie’s dad was a regional distribution manager for one of the automotive associated companies and made enough money to live comfortably in one of the nice homes outside of town. She worked at the fast-food to save up so that when she goes to college she would have spending money. So, Jessie, the primp, would never have known Rick, the jock, even though they went to the same school. My parents were part of the working middle class that lived in one of Jackson’s subdivisions. Dad worked the night shift in a plant that Jessie’s dad managed. In high school, I was a nerd because I read a lot and had been pulling a four-point-o since the sixth grade. Graduation changes all that, at least, it did for some. Jessie and I had been dating since April and a couple throughout that last summer we were all together. At first, it seemed like we were an odd pair, me being who I was and she, well, her dad was technically my dad’s boss. But after I mustered enough courage to ask her out, and she agreed, we found we liked each other. One date followed another and pretty soon we became a twosome. We did what most couples did back in the eighties. We wasted quarters on video games at the arcade in the mall and go out to the movies at the cinema plex. I had the Nova at the time and some nights we would just cruise around all night going from the mall to Cascade Park and back wasting gas. That summer was the best. Someone always knew somebody who was having a bonfire and kegger and we would go there to party. When we felt like being alone we would park at the Cascades and make out. We were each other’s first and, as such things go, we thought we were in love. Well, at least I did. Sometimes we would just sit in my car and talk. At Carl’s Liquor Mart I would get someone old enough to buy beer for us and we would drive out to Cascade Park to drink and smoke cigarettes. I would park the car, me in my denim shorts and printed t-shirt, and she in her designer jeans and tank top, and we would sit listening to the music playing on the WRIF radio station. We’d talk about our stupid parents, or how dumb our teachers were, and of how shitty friends can be. She had feathered her hair for her graduation pictures and had been playing around applying more makeup to make herself look more mature. The eye shadow she wore brought out her blue eyes which, framed as they were by her dark, curly hair, made them look beautiful. Sometimes we sat there in silence, and I would just look at her. She would turn and look at me and say something like, “What are you looking at?” I would answer, “You”. We would laugh, fall into each other’s arms and kiss. It was one of those warm summer nights when we talked about leaving town for college.  “When are you leaving for Ypsilanti,” she asked as she lit her cigarette using the car’s lighter. “The last week in August,” I answered as I took the lighter to light my own. “And you?” “I don’t have to be there until after Labor Day.” I was going to Eastern Michigan University in Ypsilanti to study teaching. Jessie had been accepted at Grand Valley State in the west part of the state on a fine arts scholarship. She took a puff from her cigarette. “Are you going to call me when I get there?” “You know I will.”  We had talked often about how hard it would be to stay together. We figured that we would stay in touch by calling each other every week, every day if we could and that we would see each other during the holidays. “Could you, maybe, drive out to visit?” ‘I don’t know, Jessie, Allendale is pretty far.” At this point, she would start crying and say how alone she was going to be and how she was going to miss everyone. Looking at her like this made me feel like a real jerk. I still loved her and knew I would continue to do so even if we were on the opposite side of the state. I felt helpless and did the only thing I could think to do; I reached out and cradled her in my arms. I still remember the smell of her perfume as I would rest my chin on the back of her neck. August came, we continued to do what we had done all summer until it was time to say goodbye. Jessie and I made love one last time at the Cascades before going out to Rick’s for a bonfire party. When we had arrived the party was going full blast with the music playing, everyone drinks, and having a good time. Led Zeppelin’s ‘Dancing Days’ from their ‘House of the Holies’ was blaring in the background. We got our cups of beer from the keg and sat in a couple of lawn chairs by the fire pit. There were lots of people there, some we knew and others we didn’t and we sat alone. This was an all-in-one graduation and going away party for Rick. The Langs were pretty cool in that they didn’t mind if you weren’t old enough to drink. They also didn’t mind us smoking pot as long as Dave didn’t make it so obvious. I remember spending most of the time asking Jessie if there was anything wrong. She would stare at the fire pit and say nothing as she drank her beer. Lang would occasionally pop in on us and do this “wink, wink, nudge, nudge” thing as he pointed to his parent’s house. We’d catch on followed him to the house and then the basement where he would pull a joint out of his pocket, light it, and we’d catch a buzz. After the joint was gone the three of us would go back to the party and grab some of the food that Rick’s mom had laid out. Again Jessie and I sat down by the fire but this time she seemed to be in a better mood. By now Jessie was laughing and looked like she was beginning to enjoy herself. At three in the morning, things started to wind down and everyone was leaving. Jessie and I said our goodbyes, got into my car, and left. Again she went into her solemn mood and remained silent the entire way to her house. I dropped her off after we kiss, and I drove home. Two days later I left for Eastern. It was in the same basement from the bonfire party five months ago that Rick led us down to when we arrived at his house. As we climbed down the stairs I noticed things had changed. Gone were the boxes of old toys, books, and picture frames. In their place was a raggedy old couch, a bed, and an old nineteen-inch television. Concert posters of Zeppelin and Pink Floyd covered one side of the walls and on another was a giant velour, neon green painting of a marijuana leaf. A lava lamp sat on a small table in one corner giving the room an eerie glow. It was apparent that Lang had moved out of his room upstairs and was now living in the basement. Rick pulled out a chair from under an old desk and sat in it. He then took a rolling tray, a Mickey D’s dining tray he must have stolen, and began sifting through the pot as he had always done before. Jessie and I sat next to each other on the couch as we watched him in silence. We still hadn’t said much to each other since leaving her house. Rick was the first one to speak. “So, what’s shaken, bacon?” he said as he pinched some of the pot to put on the cigarette paper. Thinking he was talking to me I answer, “Not much. What’s new with you, gnu?” Rick licked the joint to seal it and smiled as I’ve always seen him do hundreds of times. “Not much over here, partner. You know, same thing, different day. I’m working for my dad now. Business at the dealership is picking up and he said if sales continue to look good he might need another salesman. That might be me if I play my cards right.” Rick’s dad owns Lang’s Used and New Ford Auto Dealership in Concord. He did pretty brisk business. The news caught me by surprise. The last time I talked to Rick he was enrolled at Western State University. “What happened to Western? I thought you were going there?” “Nah, change of plans. Got a job with my dad. Making good money working at the dealership running around making coffee and picking up things. Did you check out my sweet ride outside?” I had noticed the used Mustang parked in the driveway. “Dad got me a deal on it.” He lit the joint and passed it to me. I took a quick hit and passed it to Jessie. She waved it off not wanting any and I passed it back to Rick. I didn’t want to say anything, didn’t want to start anything, but the silent treatment was really getting on my nerves. Rick took another hit and I looked over at Jessie with a pleading expression on my face. “I don’t feel like it, okay?” she responded angrily not looking at me. “Okay. Okay. But what’s the matter?” Rick and I took turns from the joint a few more times before it was gone. Whatever was going on was driving with Jessie was making me nuts. I was high from the pot, frustrated, and I couldn’t take it anymore. Something had changed between us and I couldn’t figure out what. Jessie and I started pretty well after we both left for college. We called each other every day when we first arrived from the phones in our dorms, me from Eastern and she at Grand Valley. But soon it became every other day and then once a week as classes started and the expense of calling made it difficult. There were a couple of times she missed my calls. She was out and I left messages with her roommate. I thought she was studying or making friends, joining a sorority, or something. I didn’t expect her to be waiting in her dorm room for my phone calls. But there were times I just wished she would call me back. Then there was Thanksgiving and she said she wasn’t coming home. Yes, I was upset, but I didn’t hold that against her. She told me finals were coming up and I told her I understood. But this? The cold shoulder? What was going on? Rick sat and watched the exchange between us, sifting and rolling, sifting, and rolling until the entire bag of pot was rolled. “We got two weeks before we have to go back! Is this how it’s going be?” I said as I got up from the couch out of frustration. “I’m not going back! I’m pregnant!” Rick sat with his head down looking at the tray full of joints. I stood there in silence. “What? Pregnant? How?” She looked up at me from the couch with angry tears before she said, “You know how. How does anyone get pregnant?” “You know what I mean.” “Yeah, I know what you mean. How? How? HOW? NOT WITH YOU! Is that what you want to hear? It’s not with you! Three months! There, you know now!” I lost my buzz as the floor from under my feet gave out. The last time Julie and I had sex was before we both left for college. Unless she was lying to me that would mean she got pregnant in September. I looked to see if she is showing. I couldn’t see the bump she may have been hiding under her coat. “Yeah, it’s there, dumb ass! I missed my period a couple of months ago and took the test. I’m pregnant. You happy now!” I don’t know why but I started to apologize. “I’m sorry, I’m sorry, I’m sorry,” I repeated over and over as I sat down on the couch my head between my knees. “And YOU! You’re not going to say ANYTHING?!” I looked up as her rage was focused on Rick. Why Rick? Then it hit me. “Yeah, college guy, Rick is the father.” Rick wouldn’t look up at us least of all me. He stared at the joints rolled on the tray in silence. Jessie got up and crossed the room. In her tear-filled anger, she smacked Rick several times on the shoulder. Rick closed his eyes and took it hunched over the tray of the pot. “I hate you! I hate both of you! You!” she said pointing at me. “You said you would never leave me! But you went and I was alone. You left me!” “I called,” I retorted back in anger. “But sometimes you didn’t call me back!” “So what did you do when I did? You acted like everything was okay. You didn’t ask where I was. You didn’t even ask if I was alright? It’s like, like you didn’t care. YOU DIDN’T CARE!” “But I did care! I do care!” “Then, why didn’t you come and see me? Because it was too far away. Yeah, that’s your answer, isn’t it? Isn’t it? Well, Rick drove up to see me. I called him and he came but you didn’t. You wouldn’t come to see me, and I felt so alone, and he came but you didn’t. Rick came to visit me three times and not once did you ever think of driving up to see if I was okay. Not once!” I didn’t know what to say. She was right. Not once did it ever occurred to me to ask if everything was fine. I once thought about driving across the state to surprise her but talked myself out of it thinking, as she said because it was too far away. Now I thought it may not have been a good idea because of what I might have found. Rick with my girlfriend. I got up, walked up the stairs, and left the house slamming the screen door behind me. It had just started to snow as I made for my car. It was that fluffy stuff that came down like little balls of cotton. The air was cold, and it was silent. The countryside was so quiet you could hear the interstate a couple of miles away. I fumbled through my pockets for my keys, but they had gotten stuck in the loose threads of the lining of my coat pocket. When they finally came out I dropped them into the loose snow, and I had to dig them out with my hands. When I found them I put them into the keyhole, turned them to unlock the door, and climbed in. I sat in the driver’s seat staring out at the screen door as it swayed unlatched in the wind. I hadn’t noticed that Lang had followed me on the way out until he rapped on my passenger side window. Startled from my inner thoughts I looked over before reaching the handle to the passenger side window. I rolled it down a crack, just enough to see Rick’s breathe blowing through it.  “You okay, dude?” “Yeah, I guess I’m okay. How’s Jessie?” “You know, crying, angry.” He shrugged. “You are coming back in?” “Nah, I think it’ll be better if I just go home.” I was still angry at Rick, the both of them. But mostly I was angry with myself for being so stupid. “I hear-ya. I’ll take Jessie home.” “Could you? Thanks.” It sounded lame after I said it. Of course, he would take her home. I was the last person Jessie wanted to see right now. A long minute passed before Rick said, “I guess I should go back in.” “Yeah, you should.” I started the car as I watched Rick make it back to the house. I didn’t talk to either one of them for the rest of the two-week Christmas break. I spent my Christmas with my family trying not to think of what had happened that evening. Once I thought I’d give Jessie a call, to see if she was okay and if she needed anything. But I thought the better of it. I even thought about visiting her house. You know, drive up, knock on her door. She would answer, give me a big hug as if things were okay, and we would laugh about it. I even entertained the idea of marrying her if Rick wouldn’t do the right thing. That was all a dream. I never drove by her house ever again. When Christmas break was over, I said my goodbyes to my parents and drove back to college. I haven’t spoken to either one of them since that night forty years ago. Never heard from either of them or what eventually happened. Did she have the baby? Did Rick and Jessie get married? I don’t know. What about the child? They are all grown up now and maybe with teenagers of their own. There are times when I sit at my desk typing, times like this when I hear Led Zeppelin’s ‘Dancing Days’ playing on a web station, and I remember that last summer when we were together. -A. M. Holmes Visualizing BIG Numbers Millions, Billions, Trillion; we hear these terms used about large values so often people have become numb to their actual meaning. I heard a fellow employee asked one time what he would do if he won a million dollars in the lottery. He replied, “a million isn’t enough to do anything.” He had no clue how much a million is. So, let’s take the most common object and use it to illustrate what these values are. A dollar bill is .0043 inches thick. A stack of 1000 one-dollar bills would be 4.3 inches which are also 109.2 millimeters. For the sake of mathematical simplicity, I will be using the metric system from here on. I will convert the here and there so people using “Standard” and are not familiar with the metric system can understand. I will also round-up from 109.2 cm to 110 mm because by the time we get to billions, trillion, and beyond that small difference becomes negligible (if you’re picky, you can go back and use the precise value I’m just too lazy to deal with it). Back to our stack of a thousand one-dollar bills. A 1000 one-dollar bills are 110 mm. A million, which is one thousand, thousand one-dollar bills (1000 x 1000) on top of each other would be 110,000 mm tall, or 110 meters high (see why metric is easy? 1000 mm = 1 meter). 110 meters is approximately 120 yards, longer than the length of a football field. That’s a million one-dollar bills stacked one on top of the other. So much for my fellow employee’s statement. A billion is one thousand million. 110 meters is .11 kilometers and when you multiply that by a thousand, to get one billion, (.11 kilometers x 1000) you get a stack of one dollar bills 110 kilometers (approximately 68 miles) tall. Mount Everest is 8.85 km (5.5 miles). 110 km is almost 12.5 times the height of Mount Everest. Twelve and a half Mount Everest mountains on top of each other would equal a stack of one billion one-dollar bills. Presently, there are 7.5 billion people in the world. What if each dollar bill represented one person alive today that stack would be 825 km (approximately 513 miles) tall or 93.75 times the height of Mount Everest! This is the height most low orbiting satellites travel at.  Take a moment to think about this. A stack of one billion one-dollar bills stacked on top of each other representing each person would be tall enough to reach space. I’ll wait. That’s a lot of people living on Earth today. This is why I find apocalyptic scenarios that speculate the complete extinction of human being so far-fetched. One billion is a large number and seven and a half, well, you see. Even if you were to kill off 99.99% of the human population there would still be 750,000 people alive. 750,000 is the estimated number of humans alive 10,000 years ago at the dawn of agriculture and city-states. From 750,000 to 7.5 billion in just 10,000 years, a blink of an eye in geological time! Hardly an extinction event in human terms. Nothing human beings have created thus far can kill every man, woman, and child on this planet. Yes, the human loss would be devastating but not complete. We are as indestructible as the worst of any infestation. Considering the number of species that have become extinct by our hands, beginning with the megafauna around 12,000 years ago, animal life on Earth has more to fear by our presence than any other natural event. By the end of the 21st century, if present trends continue, the human population on this planet will reach 10 billion! Not even climate change will kill us all off but the human suffering will be incalculable. Now, let’s take it up a notch and see what a stack of one trillion one-dollar bills would look like. That is if we can. A trillion of anything is thrown around these days with as little true meaning as a billion was decades ago. A trillion is, in fact, a huge number. We just saw that our stack of one billion one-dollar bills would reach outer space. Doing the math as we have done before, multiplying by one thousand, our stack is now 825,000 km tall (512,630 miles). The distance to the moon is 363,100 km (238,900 miles). That would make our stack a little over two and a quarter-time the distance from the earth to the moon. Another way to think of it would be to make two equal stacks reaching the moon with a lot of change leftover. The stack laid on its side would circle the Earth a little over 33 times! The United States’ national debt is now at $28.3 trillion and growing every year. I’ll give you another minute to think about that one. $28 plus trillion dollars is an amount in debt your great, great, great-grandchildren would barely make a dent in paying it off. And like I said, it grows every year. The United States would have to run on a balanced budget up to its quadricentennial to pay it all off. It’s just impossible. Yet, politicians are always talking about how cutting a million here, or a million there makes them fiscally responsible. Who are they kidding if it’s not their constituents? Quibbling over a billion dollars, and cutting vital programs in the process, seems a little like trying to empty an ocean with a teacup. Now, I’m going to skip a great deal of order of magnitude and discuss another term widely used but little understood by the general public, infinity. Just what does infinity mean? To most people, it means “something that goes on forever”. But can anybody truly picture what “forever’ means? Is it to the end of time? Well, no. Because the universe has a beginning, the Big Bang and, if physicists are correct, there is an end. One theory states that the “End” will come when the universe has expanded so far that star formation will come to a complete halt because the matter will be so thinned out no material could clump to make new stars a quadrillion years in the future. That’s one followed by fifteen zeros. What stars are left would form black holes that would eventually, due to the escape of Hawking radiation, will slowly fade away in ten to hundred quintillion (one followed by nineteen or twenty zeros) years from now. The only thing left at this point is a thin soup of basic particles that too will eventually lose energy and decay after a huge amount of time (1 followed by 200 zeros years from now). At this time, in the far, far future, with no movement, no particles, not even enough energy to register, time cannot be said to have any real meaning, and, so, it can be considered the “End of Time”. But this is not infinity for it goes on forever. This is why physicists hate infinity for to them it means simply “I don’t know”. There you are, working on equations that will solve the Grand explanation of Everything and after years of work your answer comes out as “infinity”. Talk about frustration. Yet, the general public throws it around like it’s a household word. There are Infinity Stones, infinite multiverses (redundant, really), infinite possibilities (but, really, only a few possibilities). Infinity is, in human terms, an unknown and one that, by definition, can never be known. -A. M. Holmes Author’s Note; I’m not going to include any citations for the piece because I went to Google for such things as “how tall is Mount Everest” and “how far is the moon”. If I could do this, so can you if you have any doubts. I do think my math is pretty sound but if I did make mistakes please point them down in the comments along with the correct answer. -A. M. Holmes Defining Science Fiction. I just listened to an intriguing podcast on Science Fiction with Damien Walter where he tries to answer, ‘What is Science Fiction?’ (https://damiengwalter.com/2021/07/20/what-is-science-fiction/). In it, Walter brings up what he calls the three fallacies concerning science fiction. He says science fiction is not a genre as it is more like an artistic movement, it is not just “speculative fiction”, and not entertainment. I agree with what he said about two of these fallacies and slightly disagree with him on one. First, what I agree with. Having viewed and read science fiction since I was a small child I have been inspired to write science fiction stories. For most of my life, I’ve done this as a hobby, something I did as a form of expression, to tell stories to myself. Now, encouraged by my wife’s publications, I wish to take this hobby and turn it into something that I can share with others. One of my wife’s questions, she writes epic fantasies, was what specific subgenre I was writing in. Well, I never considered that because to me science fiction is just that, and to break it down to a subgenre, or a sub-sub-genre seemed to me to be a ludicrous idea. Why would I want to pigeonhole myself into a specific slot and limit my creativity? Why does a story need to be limited to a specific arbitrary group when it can be more than that? “Who’s your target audience?” she answered. So the idea is a marketing tool and not a real literary definition. I agree with Damien Walter in that science fiction, with its crossover into many media forms and influence is more of an artistic movement no different than, say, post-modernism. It is only defined into its narrow literary definition of “genre” and all its “subs” to make it easier for the people who market it. So, the difficulty in defining it comes from it not being a specific product. Is science fiction speculative fiction? Yes, it can be. But is it speculation? Not necessarily so. If you take science fiction out of being a genre you can do so much more with it along other avenues of thought. Rod Serling’s ‘The Twilight Zone’ did this in many of their stories. It wasn’t always about the “if this now, this is where we’ll end up” but at times about “here we are, now take a good close look at it”. Science fiction is storytelling with one foot in reality and the other in fantasy. It is the combination of the imaginative and the rational into one narrative. Technology, physical phenomenon (e.g. time travel, black holes, etc.), and non-human encounters are aspects of the setting unless they are the protagonist/antagonist of the story. They do not define science fiction but are part of the framework. I think Damien Walter’s explanation of science fiction as the melding of the “Mythos/Logos” is very much true. It is storytelling using the abstract notion of creativity with the rationality of realism. It is a form of expression distinctly unique as in any other artistic movement, for a movement it is. Is it entertainment? Now, here is where he and I disagree. The reason I want to be a published writer is not that I want fame or notoriety, or to make a butt-load of money but to tell a good story. Storytelling is one of the oldest endeavors that first evolved in humankind. Our ancestors told stories around the campfire to educate and, depending on the manner it was told, to entertain. You can make the daily hunt more interesting if you tell it in a certain way. Storytelling is entertainment and science fiction is or should be, about the story. -A.M. Holmes But there are ways to improve your chances by, -A. M. Holmes Past, Present, and Future The future is the undetermined existence, space/time in a flux. The present is the coelising of the future into a fix point becoming the now. The past is those fixed elements existing as would a string within a tapestry. To pick the future is to fix it and so make it the present. To choose the past is to live within it like an insect trapped in amber. I would choose the present, because only there am I the master of both the future and the past. -A. M. Holmes Challenge Accepted! A Pro-Trump Meme from Facebook I couldn’t resist trolling Challenge accepted. I’ll go down the line of what I love about the Democratic platform (and what the party, Biden, and Harris have committed to) and then any of you Trumpsters can present the Republican’s version (betcha most of you don’t even know). And just like the meme says, INSTEAD OF BASHING DEMOCRATS, WHAT DO YOU LOVE ABOUT THE REPUBLICANS. 1. Instead of lying to the people of this country and not take responsibility how about acting like a real leader. When 9/11 happened, President Bush took control and mobilized our nation not only militarily but in political solidarity. We need that sort of leadership to get through the pandemic. Unity, not denial and finger-pointing. 2. Our economy is a mess and shoveling more money into big businesses isn’t doing anything but making the rich richer. We need to get our butts out of the 20th century and come up with new and innovative ideas to move forward. FDR did the same and brought our nation out of the Depression. 3. We have the ACA (Obamacare) and for as many times Republicans tried to repeal it, it remains. So, lets compromise and REFINE IT so it works for EVERYONE. 4. Reform, reform, reform. That’s all Washington has talked about concerning our justice system and all it has amounted to is building more prisons and shoving social worker duties onto our already overwhelmed police forces. What’s a “wellness check” going to do if crimes are committed elsewhere? The bottom line in many escalating circumstances is, we must separate mental/social care to those better trained, and the police to do what they do best -protecting people and property. 5. The scenes of the Western coast burn (due to severe drought), the numerous cat 4 hurricanes, weather patterns changing across the country are symptoms of what is happening around the world. You can continue to deny it, but the reality is CLIMATE CHANGE is here. But what can we do? There is an opportunity here that will not only provide jobs but make America the center of a NEW GREEN TECHNOLOGICAL INITIATIVE by investing time, money, and some of the brightest people to work on it. Fossil fuels, and the economies it supports, are like the diabetic eating only cake and ice cream, eventually, he will die soon than later. That’s what we need to avoid to make America TRULY great again. 6. Putting up a wall isn’t working. It never will and will be seen as a boondoggle someday. We have the technology (drones, motion cameras, etc.) that are more efficient than the old tech of “round them up and ship them out”. What about the ones already here? Let’s come up with a way to integrate them into our country. We’ve done it many times before with the Germans, Irish, Asians, Italians why not now? Canada has the largest number of immigrants and they can handle it by just doing that, handling it. 7. If there one thing that this pandemic has proven is that when it comes to wifi, we are a THIRD WORLD COUNTRY. Right now, there are Chinese goat herders in western China that gets better connectivity than most of us. What does this have to do with public education?  How many of you have kids who had to, or now, do online classes? Public education SHOULD BE FREE TO THE PUBLIC AND SO SHOULD THE MEANS IT IS PROVIDED! 8. Leadership. Truman once said, “Leadership is the ability to get men to do what they don’t want to do and like it.” Right now, nobody likes doing what needs to be done and avoiding responsibility. We need leadership back in our presidency and as another Truman quote goes, “if you can’t stand the heat, get out of the kitchen.” If you can’t stand the criticism, the hard work, the advice of others more learned in those areas of concern, then step down and let someone else a try. Your turn. What’s good about the Republicans? And don’t use single-syllable words and GIFs. Speak up and defend what Trump will do for you. by saying “America will be GREAT and Safe” means absolutely NOTHING if you can’t back it up.
Jargons examples business report Jargon Definition of Jargon Jargon is a literary term that is defined as the use of specific phrases and words in a particular situation, profession, or trade. Jargons examples business report Please listen to this brief message and request Note: If you are using Internet Explorer click twice on the triangle Examples of Jargon Words - sometimes used in Business Below are some example of jargon words used in different businesses, sometimes by people within the industry alone, and other times, by the general public. This is an example of baseball jargon that refers to when the pitcher - ahead in the count - has more strikes than balls against a batter. In the business world, to be ahead of the count means you have pulled out in front of your competitors and are doing well in your market. In order to stay ahead in the count, you may to continue doing what you're doing, but also re-evaluating ways to stay ahead of your competition. In business, this term does not need to refer to an electrical device, but virtually anything that should work properly with not much thinking involved. This is one example. The term "cookies" is computer jargon. It refers to data placed on your computer from a web server that records the websites you visit, your passwords if you so chooseyour shopping cart preferences, and a record of your website preferences. How are cookies helpful to you? If you use the Internet regularly, cookies allow the websites to "know" you when you return. Examples of Jargon Words - sometimes used in Business Pages can load faster, passwords can be remembered so you don't have to key them in each time, etc. Although cookies are not absolutely necessary, they are very helpful when it comes to operating efficiently on the Internet. If you've observed them walking or swimming, they are all in a row! Examples of jargon words are commonly drawn from every day life. To get your ducks in a row means you're organized and carefully planned out the details of a project before starting. For example, let's say you've been chosen to pitch your company's new product to a prospect. In order to get your ducks in a row, you'll likely research the prospect's history, their target market, and how your product can reach their target market. When the presentation day arrives, you'll have everything ready to go and increase your chances that you know just what to say. If you say to someone, "let's connect ear-to-ear on the details of this project", you are using a hip or cool bit of jargon to say, "let's discuss this project in more detail over the telephone". A SWOT analysis is a business term often used by business consultants. A SWOT analysis is a helpful tool to assist a business in "seeing reality" clearly. By better understanding its current position in a market, it can better determine what areas its products, services, internal functions, etc. jargons examples business report Here's more examples of jargon: Get to know some jargon terms and learn to use them properly, in the right context and at the right time in the conversation or presentation. That's why you may want to watch this presentation on improving your business, career, and personal life. How many of these examples of jargon did already know? We'd love to hear others that you've heard in the workplace or have used yourself to communicate a specific concept or message. jargons examples business report Before you sign up, you may want to see some back issues. When you sign up, you will will qualify for a free coaching session with me. You will also gain full, free access to my complete video on making great changes happen, and qualify for a free coaching session with me. You can always unsubscribe anytime. Thanks, and good luck to you!34 Report Examples in Excel. Make your report simple. Do not use jargons that are not familiar with the organization and do not use complex language that only you can understand. More Business. 48+ Formal Letter Examples and Samples – PDF, DOC; 7 Examples of Sports Certificate;. What is a Report? According to the Business Dictionary, a report is a document containing information organized in a narrative, graphic, or tabular form that is prepared on periodic, regular, or as required basis. You may also see quality report examples 1. Avoid the Use of Jargons. If you have to use any specific words that are exclusive. Business Jargons Strategic Planning Definition: Strategic Planning can be understood as a systematic long-range planning activity, that an organization uses to fix priorities, strengthen operations, ascertain objectives and focus on the resources required and are to be allocated in order to pursue the strategy and attain the objectives. Next, present the facts, focusing on one main idea per paragraph, and discuss benefits and possible risks associated with your objective%(70). The following examples of jargon can help you understand exactly what jargon means. Examples of Jargon Jargon is like a type of shorthand between members of a particular group of people, often words that are meaningless outside of a certain context. Business Report writing 25, views. Share; Like Suhaib Khan, Internship Types of business reports Rahul Ahuja. Writing a Report (Tips and Sample of Reports) Po Po Tun. Report writing ICAB. Effective Business Communication Mazhar Iftikhar ([email protected]) Organizing and preparing your speech. Examples of Writing a School Report
What do they call an Indian priest? A Hindu priest performs worship services (generally referred to as puja) which include ceremonies and rituals. What do you call a Hindu religious leader? A Hindu priest or religious leader is called a swami. The word “swami” means “master” in Hindu, or “striving for the mastery over one’s smaller self and habit patterns, so that the eternal Self within may come shining through.” Who runs a Hindu temple? Although Hindus primarily worship individually, some Hindu services are led by a pujari (trained priest) or a head of household The worship service, known as puja, is a ceremony where Hindus express devotion to a god or other divine being through prayer, rituals and music. Do Hindu priests have to be Brahmin? For centuries in India, only people from the highest caste were allowed to become Hindu priests. Marichamy was the first from a caste lower than the Brahmin caste to be ordained as part of a state-sponsored programme. What is a Brahman priest? IT IS INTERESTING:  You asked: Who is known as the Mother of India? What is a Hindu holy man called? Sadhu and swami, sadhu also spelled saddhu, in India, a religious ascetic or holy person. … They are sometimes designated by the term swami (Sanskrit svami, “master”), which refers especially to an ascetic who has been initiated into a specific religious order, such as the Ramakrishna Mission. Can Hindu priests get married? In Hinduism, priests can marry. At the same time, Hindu monks (sanyaasis), who are usually expected to withdraw from saṃsāra (‘the world’), usually practice celibacy. The idea is to keep the mind free from distraction caused by sex-life and use that focus in serving God. Who is the richest God in India? Padmanabhaswamy is the tutelary deity of the royal family of Travancore. This article is written like a manual or guidebook. Padmanabhaswamy Temple Deity Maha Vishnu Governing body Travancore royal family Location Thiruvananthapuram Who founded Hinduism? What is a Hindu service called? Can a Dalit convert to Brahmin? Because a dalit Hindu can convert to Islam, Christianity or to Buddhism, but she can never turn into a Brahmin. Is Gandhi a Brahmin? Early life and background. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869 into a Gujarati Hindu Bania family of the Vaishya varna in Porbandar (also known as Sudamapuri), a coastal town on the Kathiawar Peninsula and then part of the small princely state of Porbandar in the Kathiawar Agency of the Indian Empire. IT IS INTERESTING:  How far is Italy from India? Is Gupta a lower caste? Gupta is one of the most common surnames in India that follow Hindu religion. … But it is believed that Gupta belongs to Kshatriya caste and Baniya community has adopted this surname in north India. Which god do Brahmins worship? Brahma, who is a Brahmin god, is also the prime originator of the ‘varna’ system which later solidified as the caste system. Brahmins used Brahma’s name as a pseudonym when they wrote the ‘vedas’. Which surname is highest in Brahmin? List Of Most Common Brahmin Surnames By Region 1. Bhagavatula. It is a Brahmin surname commonly found in the South Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. … 2. Battula. The surname means “soldiers” or “warriors.” It likely has a Sanskrit origin. 3. Deekshitulu. … 4. Josyula. … 5. Navuluri. … 6. Sharma. … 7. Sastry. … 8. Saurashtra. Which is the powerful caste in India? Contradictory India
What the Supreme Court Ruling Means for Fannie, Freddie, and FHFA The Supreme Court’s ruling on the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) is likely to bring major changes to the U.S. housing industry, which is fueled by trillions of dollars in loans. The FHFA, an agency whose name is unfamiliar to many consumers, was set up during the financial crisis to oversee faltering mortgage giants Fannie Mae (FNMA) and Freddie Mac (FMCC), which back half of the $11 trillion mortgage market. The Supreme Court opened the door to major changes at the agency when it ruled on June 23 that FHFA’s structure was unconstitutional because of its lack of accountability to the president of the United States. That decision is likely to dramatically change the agency’s future direction. The ruling was a major defeat for investors who lost their claim to $124 billion. The court also dismissed claims made by Fannie and Freddie’s private shareholders who wanted the two firms to be privatized after the government took control of the two companies during the 2007-2008 financial crisis. By contrast, the decision was a major victory for President Joe Biden, though he and his administration weren’t original parties in the case. Biden quickly removed the FHFA’s current director and appointed his own interim director. Instead of privatization, Biden is expected to focus the agency on helping solve the nation’s massive housing needs. The ruling also dealt a major blow to Fannie and Freddie shares in the stock market. Fannie’s stock closed 32.1% lower on Wednesday. And Freddie’s stock was down 36.8%. Background on the FHFA The FHFA is an independent federal agency that was created in 2008 under the Housing and Economic Recovery Act (HERA) to help strengthen the U.S. housing finance system during the mounting subprime mortgage crisis. That crisis helped push the U.S. economy into the worst recession since the Great Depression in the 1930s, and also fueled the most severe bear market in decades. The agency was given oversight of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, two government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) tasked with supporting homeownership by providing liquidity to the mortgage market. Fannie and Freddie don’t originate mortgage loans. Instead, they buy mortgages from lenders, package those mortgages into mortgage-backed securities (MBS), and then sell them to investors. Securitization increases the amount of financing available to potential homebuyers. Prior to the financial crisis, Fannie and Freddie bought close to a third of U.S. mortgages, which they packaged into securities and sold off to investors. But during the depths of the crisis in 2008, both entities suffered enormous losses on toxic mortgages, pushing them to the brink of insolvency. They were subsequently placed under the FHFA’s conservatorship, which granted the agency broad powers over the regulatory and financial affairs of the flailing mortgage giants. The move essentially nationalized the two firms. The Private Shareholder Lawsuit The Supreme Court’s ruling concerned legal issues that arose from a 2012 decision by the FHFA to direct all of Fannie and Freddie’s profits to the Treasury Department. The Treasury initially injected about $190 billion into the two companies in order to keep them afloat during the financial crisis. In exchange, the Treasury received shares of senior preferred stock and warrants to acquire close to 80% of the firms’ common stock. Fannie and Freddie were required to make annual 10% dividend payments on the issued shares as well as other fees, which was how the Treasury planned to recoup the initial investment of taxpayer dollars. The failure of Fannie and Freddie to make the required dividend payments subsequently prompted the Treasury to lift the requirement to make payments during quarters when the two firms were not profitable. However, this meant that nearly all subsequent profits earned had to be handed over to the Treasury as dividend payments. As of December 2020, Fannie and Freddie had paid more than $300 billion back to the government. Some argue that the Treasury has not even come close to being fully repaid for what was originally owed to the U.S. government. In addition to bailouts, critics say that Fannie and Freddie get other advantages from the U.S. government. As GSEs, they are quasi-governmental entities that enjoy an implicit backing from the government despite having private shareholders. This type of organizational structure is often criticized for privatizing profits while socializing risks. Private shareholders rake in huge profits during good times, but it is ultimately taxpayers that end up bailing these companies out when they are at risk of becoming insolvent, as happened during the financial crisis. The private shareholders who initially filed the lawsuit argued that the profit sweep initiated by the government was an illegal end-run to prevent Fannie and Freddie from rebuilding capital that might eventually be paid out to investors. They also argued that the director of the FHFA held too much unchecked power, rendering the agency’s structure unconstitutional. The shareholders claimed that Fannie and Freddie had overpaid the Treasury by $124 billion, an amount for which they demanded to be reimbursed. They also asked that the Treasury stop collecting future profits, and that both Fannie and Freddie be entitled to $29.5 billion worth of future tax credits. In response, the government argued that the FHFA was granted broad legal authority in order to ensure the solvency of Fannie and Freddie, and to protect the country’s investment in the two companies. Any problems related to the agency’s structure did nothing to undermine that power, the agency said. Supreme Court Ruling The Supreme Court concluded that the FHFA was structured unconstitutionally because, as stipulated by Congress, the president could not easily remove the agency’s director if policy priorities were contrary to the president’s. The court’s latest ruling means that the director can be quickly replaced. Under the previous arrangement, the director could only be fired for cause. The court’s ruling followed a similar major decision in 2020 that the structure of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) was unconstitutional because its director’s authority was too insulated from the White House. The CFPB was created in the wake of the financial crisis to protect consumers from financial abuses in areas such as mortgages and credit cards. In the case of the FHFA, the high court sent the case back to the lower courts to determine the issue of whether any remedial action should be taken to compensate shareholders for the alleged financial harm done to them by the agency’s structure. Justice Samuel Alito wrote that the FHFA’s “structure violates the separation of powers, and we remand for further proceedings to determine what remedy, if any, the shareholders are entitled to receive on their constitutional claim.” However, the Supreme court also unanimously ruled that the profit sweep did not exceed the statutory authority of the FHFA. What The Supreme Court Ruling Means The Supreme Court’s ruling means that Fannie and Freddie, which back approximately half of the mortgage market, will remain under government control for the time being. It was a harsh blow to shareholders looking for the mortgage giants to return to private hands after a dozen years under government control. As mentioned, stock investors in Fannie and Freddie suffered major losses in the stock market on news of the court’s ruling. The publicly traded shares of Fannie and Freddie both plunged on Wednesday. Immediately following the court decision, President Biden exercised his new authority to dismiss current FHFA director Mark Calabria . Calabria, whose term was set to expire in 2024, was appointed by the Trump administration. During his term, he aggressively pushed to privatize both Fannie and Freddie. In Calabria’s place, Biden appointed Deputy Director Sandra L. Thompson as acting director. Since 2013, Thompson has overseen regulatory, capital, policy, and other issues for Freddie and Fannie. President Biden has signaled that he is in no hurry to return Fannie and Freddie to the private sector. Biden’s successor to Calabria is likely to focus on addressing the president’s policy goals. That could mean aiding those in lower-income communities to buy homes and reducing the racial homeownership gap. Related post
Ancient World $37.50 / £30.00 Jul 21, 2014 6 x 9.25 in. 16 halftones. 7 maps. Buy This Most classical authors and modern historians depict the ancient Greek world as essentially stable and even static, once the so-called colonization movement came to an end. But Robert Garland argues that the Greeks were highly mobile, that their movement was essential to the survival, success, and sheer sustainability of their society, and that this wandering became a defining characteristic of their culture. Addressing a neglected but essential subject, Wandering Greeks focuses on the diaspora of tens of thousands of people between about 700 and 325 BCE, demonstrating the degree to which Greeks were liable to be forced to leave their homes due to political upheaval, oppression, poverty, warfare, or simply a desire to better themselves. Attempting to enter into the mind-set of these wanderers, the book provides an insightful and sympathetic account of what it meant for ancient Greeks to part from everyone and everything they held dear, to start a new life elsewhere—or even to become homeless, living on the open road or on the high seas with no end to their journey in sight. Each chapter identifies a specific kind of “wanderer,” including the overseas settler, the deportee, the evacuee, the asylum-seeker, the fugitive, the economic migrant, and the itinerant, and the book also addresses repatriation and the idea of the “portable polis.” The result is a vivid and unique portrait of ancient Greece as a culture of displaced persons.
Which international agreement was used to justify the United States involvement in Vietnam? Was the United States involvement in Vietnam justified? How did domino theory justify Vietnam? The domino theory was the basis for the United States strategy of containment, and the reason for entering the Vietnam War. … The domino theory basically stated if one new countrywent communist in Asia then it would begin a chain reaction that would cause several more Southeast Asian countries becoming communist. Who supported the domino theory? The first figure to propose the domino theory was President Harry S. Truman in the 1940s, where he introduced the theory in order to “justify sending military aid to Greece and Turkey.” However, the domino theory was popularized by President Dwight D. FASCINATINGLY:  How fishery affects the economy of the Philippines? Why did the US stay in Vietnam for so long? How is the US involved in Vietnam during the 1950’s? Beginning in 1950, U.S. involvement increased from just assisting French collision forces to providing direct military assistance to the associated states (Annam, Tonkin, Laos, and Cambodia). Why did containment fail in Vietnam? What was the cause of the domino theory? Domino theory came in to play in 1950 when the communist victory in China and subsequent war in Korea were seen as a threat to Southeast Asia. The combination of these factors persuaded the Eisenhower administration to begin aiding the French in their war. What was the domino theory quizlet? A foreign policy during the 1950s to 1980s that states if one one land in a region came under the influence of communism, then surrounding countreis would follow. Brought most of the countries of Eastern Europe under its influence as part of the post — World War II settlement. Why was the policy of containment used to prevent the spread of communism? The policy of containment was adopted by President Harry Truman as part of his Truman Doctrine in 1947, which redefined America’s foreign policy as one that supports the “free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures.” This came at the height of the Greek Civil War of 1946 … FASCINATINGLY:  What is the best investment in Indonesia? Which statement best describes the domino theory? The statement that best describes the domino theory is “A communist victory in one country could lead to the spread of communism to other countries. How did the domino theory influence American foreign policy in the 1960s? During the Cold War, the “domino theory” dominated American foreign relations. The theory proposed that a communist takeover over of one country would quickly lead neighboring countries to fall to communism, like dominoes falling in succession. Keep Calm and Travel
You asked: How do you select text in Photoshop? You can select text in Photoshop Elements by choosing the type tool you used to create the text. Then click into the text to select to place it into “Edit” mode. Click and drag over the text to select within the text bounding box or within the lines of point text. Doing this then highlights and selects the text. How do you select all text in a layer in Photoshop? Do one of the following: 1. Click a layer in the Layers panel. 2. To select multiple contiguous layers, click the first layer and then Shift-click the last layer. 3. To select multiple noncontiguous layers, Ctrl-click (Windows) or Command-click (Mac OS) them in the Layers panel. 22 июн. 2020 г. How do I edit text in a picture in Photoshop? IT IS INTERESTING:  What does illustrate mean in essays? How do I select outline of text in Photoshop? How to Easily Outline Text in Photoshop 1. Open Photoshop and go to File > New. … 2. Select the Text tool (T) and type your text. … 3. With the text layer selected, go to Layer > Layer Style > Stroke and apply the following settings: … 9 нояб. 2017 г. How do you select everything on a layer in Photoshop? What is a type layer? Type Layer: The same as an image layer, except this layer contains type that can be edited; (Change character, color, font or size) Adjustment Layer: An adjustment layer is changing the color or tone of all the layers underneath it. Can we edit text in image? Once you are done typing, select the text (Ctrl+A, or press the mouse at the beginning of the text, move to the end and release the mouse). You can change the text style in the top bar. The main parameters are the Font, Size and the Color of the text. Click on them and choose a new value. How do I edit text in a picture in Photoshop 7? How to Modify and Move Text in Adobe Photoshop 1. Open up your layers panel by going to Window > Layers. 2. In the list of layers in your Layers panel, find the text you want to edit and double-click the large T button. … 3. You can then click your cursor in that text to select, delete, or add more text. IT IS INTERESTING:  You asked: How do I use lens profile in Lightroom? 1 окт. 2020 г. How do I edit text on a picture in paint? Select the “Text” tool and click to place a text box. As long as the text box is open, you’re free to edit the text. If you’re wondering how to change the color of text in paint, in addition to typing or deleting text, use the settings on the menu bar to edit the text’s formatting, such as font, size and color. How do you select part of an image in Photoshop? 1. Open both of your images in Photoshop. … How do I make a text box transparent? Figure 2. 1. Place your text box, as normal. 2. Right-click on the text box. … 3. Choose Format Shape from the Context menu. … 4. At the left side of the dialog box click Fill. … 5. Use the Transparency slider to adjust how transparent you want the Text Box to be. … 6. At the left side of the dialog box click Line Color. 9 нояб. 2019 г. Photoshop master
Why is sublimation important in the water cycle? Why is sublimation important in the water cycle? Why is sublimation important? Sublimation is used most extensively for separation of volatile components from non-volatile components. Hence, it is a useful preparative technique for recovery of compounds that can be sublimed at reasonable temperatures, at either atmospheric or reduced pressure. Is sublimation caused by cooling? In sublimation, a solid substance is volatilized by heating and the vapor is condensed back to the solid at a cooled surface. What is sublimation and why does it occur? The process in which a solid changes directly to a gas is called sublimation. It occurs when the particles of a solid absorb enough energy to completely overcome the force of attraction between them. Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide, CO2) is an example of a solid that undergoes sublimation. What is a real life example of sublimation? Examples of Sublimation The best example of sublimation is dry ice which is a frozen form of carbon dioxide. When dry ice gets exposed to air, dry ice directly changes its phase from solid-state to gaseous state which is visible as fog. Frozen carbon dioxide in its gaseous state is more stable than in its solid-state. What is the principle of sublimation? What is the application of sublimation? Practical Applications of Sublimation Sublimation of iodine may be used to reveal latent fingerprints on paper. Sublimation is used to purify compounds. It is especially useful for organic compounds. Because dry ice sublimates so readily, the compound is used to produce fog effects. What is sublimation and its application? Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through an intermediate liquid phase . Here are several application of sublimation :1. Naphthalene, mothballs, sublime into the air, not getting the area wet, while keeping moths away. What is the principle of crystallisation? The principle of crystallization is based on the limited solubility of a compound in a solvent at a certain temperature, pressure, etc. A change of these conditions to a state where the solu- bility is lower will lead to the formation of a crystalline solid. How does crystallisation purify? Crystallization is used in the chemistry laboratory as a purification technique for solids. An impure solid is completely dissolved in a minimal amount of hot, boiling solvent, and the hot solution is allowed to slowly cool. The crystallized solid is then filtered away from the impurities. What is crystallization and its application? What are the types of crystallization? Types Of Crystallization • Evaporative crystallization. • Cooling crystallization from solution or the melt. • Reactive crystallization or precipitation. What is called crystallisation? What are the steps of crystallization? Crystallization Steps • Choose an appropriate solvent. • Dissolve the product in the solvent by increasing the temperature until the last product molecule disappears. • Reduce solubility via cooling, anti-solvent addition, evaporation or reaction. • Crystallize the product. What mixtures can be separated by crystallization? Sugar and salt are examples of products where crystallization does not only serve as separation/purification technique, but where it is also responsible for getting crystals with the right size (and shape) for further application of the products. Can crystals be made of mixtures? In nature, crystals can form when liquid rock, called magma, cools. If it cools slowly, then crystals may form. Another way crystals form is when water evaporates from a mixture. Salt crystals often form as salt water evaporates. What is the final stage in crystallisation? This generally means ending up with a concentrated solution of pure compound, or the pure dry solid, which may or may not be crystalline. The prelude to this final stage is to establish that the purification is complete. Why do we use crystallisation? Crystallisation is used to produce solid crystals from a solution. When the solution is warmed, some of the solvent evaporates leaving behind a more concentrated solution. 1. A solution is placed in an evaporating basin and heated with a Bunsen burner. What is crystallisation point? crystallization The crystallization temperature of a brine is the temperature at which a solid phase begins to form, resulting in a mixture of solid particles and solution. It is the point at which the minimumcrystallization temperature can be realized. How do we use crystallization in everyday life? Crystallization is a common and useful laboratory technique. It can be used to purify substances, and can be combined with advanced imaging techniques to understand the nature of the substances crystallized. In laboratory crystallization, a substance can be dissolved into an appropriate solvent. What is the importance of leaving the crystal growth undisturbed? It is important to keep the experiment covered to prevent dust and other unwanted material from disturbing crystal growth. Observe the formation of crystals on the string every day. Left undisturbed, the crystals should grow larger every day until the solution runs dry. Do crystals grow better in light or dark? Why does Epsom salt make crystals? When you add Epsom salt to water, the salt dissolves. When you leave the pan in the sun, the water evaporates and the salt forms crystals shaped like long needles. As the water evaporated, the salts crystallized, making beautiful shapes that kept growing and changing. How do you speed up crystal growth? Which crystal grows the fastest? Epsom salt What factors affect crystal growth? Factors Affecting Crystal Growth Variables that control crystal growth include the amount of dissolved material, evaporation, pressure and temperature. The higher the amount of dissolved material in the water and the more pressure that is placed on the material, the bigger the crystals will grow. Do sugar or salt crystals grow faster? Make crystals using salt instead of sugar as salt crystallizes faster. How long does salt crystals take to grow? Epsom salt or alum crystals can start growing within a few hours, but might take a couple days. Table salt usually takes a day or two to get started, and sometimes up to a week. Once you see little crystals on the string, those will usually keep growing bigger and bigger over the next couple weeks. For a given solvent, some solutes have greater solubility than others. For example, sugar is much more soluble in water than is salt. But even sugar has an upper limit on how much can dissolve. How long does it take for Epsom salt crystals to grow? These crystals may take a few hours to a couple of days to grow. Quick crystals grow when the liquid cools quickly, as in a refrigerator. Chilling the liquid produces smaller, delicate-looking crystals. Refrigerating the liquid usually produces crystals within 30 minutes to a couple of hours.
Given existing low-orbit and geo-synchronous satellites, would it be possible to build a device that could send a signal to a satellite and then have that signal received on another device? Essentially I'm wondering whether it would be possible to reverse-engineer satellite phones (without just dismantling an existing one) to send/receive signals, and if so, what would be the steps involved? Both in terms of hardware as well as any additional steps needed (e.g. figuring out the frequency that existing satellites are listening on, any encryption/decryption that would have to happen, etc). • 1 $\begingroup$ Relevant: security.stackexchange.com/questions/6424/… $\endgroup$ – Paul Oct 13 '18 at 22:18 • 1 $\begingroup$ Welcome to Space! This is really a question about the electronics inside satellite phones. However I think it is too broad to ask in Electronics SE in its current form, and there's no prior research cited. In other words, no information about what you've read or studied about satellite phones. So I wouldn't ask this there either. $\endgroup$ – uhoh Oct 14 '18 at 0:16 • $\begingroup$ About reverse-engineering of the encryption, you could have a look at existing questions in Security SE to see if it's already been addressed. $\endgroup$ – uhoh Oct 14 '18 at 1:20 • $\begingroup$ Becca, you can very easily insert the prior research: google a little bit, and insert what you found. $\endgroup$ – peterh Oct 14 '18 at 4:56 • 1 $\begingroup$ This would be considered off topic on Electronics SE since no specific satellite standard is identified and what remains to be asked about is a protocol security question, not an electronics one. $\endgroup$ Oct 15 '18 at 14:38 As a radio matter, yes. Amateur radio operators have built and contacted their own satellites, had conversations with Astronauts and Cosmonauts who were licensed Amateurs orbiting on the Shuttle, MIR, and ISS, and bounced signals off the moon, which is not only far beyond even geosynchronous orbit, but a fairly lossy reflector compared to an active satellite transponder. And done all of these with home built equipment as well as commercially purchased gear. As an access code matter, probably not, at least in the intent of the satellite owners. Commercial satellites, especially those with end user terminals sold to the public are generally going to be somewhat locked down. Someone might be able to figure out how to emulate an approved terminal like a satellite phone (especially an aging scheme where flaws might have since been discovered), but it's certainly not the design intent to support DIY efforts. As a legal matter, almost certainly not. Most commercial radio services are limited to type accepted equipment (or else that signed off on by a licensed professional technician) which excludes that home built by an individual. Home building amateur radio gear is permitted, but as with all operations under the Amateur Radio Service, that can only be used on frequencies where amateur radio operations are permitted, which is not where commercial satellites would be. And even if there is a case where a commercial satellite allocation and an amateur radio band share the same frequency range, such cross-service operation would not be permitted. These rules will be fairly consistent from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, differing slightly in allowed frequencies but not in general intent. • $\begingroup$ Thanks, that is helpful. My use case is a hypothetical time when government/legal restrictions have collapsed, so I am more interested in the technical ability than legality. However, this post and others have made me think that trying to come up with some kind of communication scheme would be better served by ham radio (possibly using APRS) bounced off some kind of satellite like the ISS that's set to digipeater mode, than trying to rebuild a satellite phone. $\endgroup$ – Becca Oct 15 '18 at 13:45 • $\begingroup$ Great answer! Is type accepted a legal term? If you can add a link, that would be great. Welcome to Space! $\endgroup$ – uhoh Oct 15 '18 at 20:49 Your Answer
Internet and people with disabilities: The equality of the web in front of the human being Nicolas Schmitz, 2018/06/05 What are the problems experienced by people with disabilities on the web? What are the latest innovations that contribute to improving access to websites? Subforce takes stock! In a world where we are all looking for equality among society, the digital business is not the exception by strengthening the accessibility of people with disabilities to websites. In this context, the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) version 2.0 specifically refers to the topic of improving the accessibility of websites since December 11, 2008. Making your website accessible to everybody it's a social commitment, but it also provides your website with significant benefits . First of all, current consumer trends encourage companies to strongly consider environmental, social and ethical issues in their daily activities, what is more commonly known as CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility). As a result, working to improve accessibility for people with disabilities greatly enhances the image of your brand and highlights the core values ​​of your company. On the other hand, people with disabilities are most of the time, people with reduced mobility and potentially important users of remote services such as e-commerce.Therefore,the additional costs of redesigning or improving your website can not be an excuse, especially in  order to strengthen the principles of equality in our society. What solutions? For which type of disabilities? Visual impairment The concerned population suffer different problems such as nearsightedness or presbyopia (10% of the population). Additionally there is also a high percentage of population struggling with difficulties differentiating colors. "Do you know that 4.5% of your audience potentially suffer from daltonism?" And if the audience of your website is mainly masculine this figure increase to 8%.The main problem is the differentiation of color, but fortunately online tools such as Color Oracle (allows to see your website with the eyes of a color-blind person) or Check My Colors (evaluate your site and send you recommendations) this tools are available to make your website accessible to users with disability. Hearing impairment Hearing impairment is a disability that affects more than 11% of the population, although hearing impairment is often neglected. Influencers are increasing the use of subtitles on Facebook and Youtube videos because  most of them acknowledge the fact that people with hearing impairment are an important part of their audience. The subtitles in all your content with audio, is therefore a social responsibility. Another solution is the use of Ava, the application that allows transcription of audio content directly on your smartphone. The motor impairment A motor impairment is often referred to as mobility difficulties.  Is it possible to navigate your website without needing the use of the mouse? Are the elements on your website accessible through the "tab" key? Can links of images or related pages be activated with the "Enter" key?   You must consider the cases where the use of the keyboard might be an alternative to the mouse and in consequence facilitates navigation on your website. Cognitive impairment Cognitive impairment can be summed up in 3 categories: problems of concentration, memory and comprehension. Here, the challenge lies in the structure and organization of your website. For example, for people suffering from dyslexia, it would be very useful to be able to change the font or colors of the text content to be able to differentiate groups of words by sizes or color codes. Here, the most important thing is to have a clean design and a simple web architecture, that will also benefit your entire audience. A website that is easy to use, often results in a website with a significant conversion rate. Innovative enterprises that make people with disabilities their priority Facil'iti is a French company that won the 1st Prize for social innovation in 2016 and 2017 as well as recognition and support from Google to grow in New York market. The concept is simple: the content of a website is adapted to the needs of each user for example, clickable areas are modified for a person with Parkinson's disease, fonts can be magnified for a visually impaired person, colors changed for a color-blind (importance of the contrast between 2 colors), sounds are replaced by colors to facilitate the dyslexics, the design is also adapted for the seniors, etc ... The company is developing by charging Internet sites for the adaptation of their websites and offers his service for free to disabled people, who just need to register once on a platform that was developed by the company. Inside Vision  This company has created the first touch pad that can be used by visually impaired or blind. This tablet is in braille and is the first in the world! The principle of this technological innovation is the bi-acuity, which allows visually impaired people to take courses taught by sighted people. The slogan of this company is "the world at your fingertips". Subforce and the alt attribute At Subforce, we believe in the website accessible to all and for this purpose, when coding we integrate the  "alt attribute" which means "alternative text". This short text associated with each image of the website has a role of description and allows visually impaired people who use screen-reading by speech synthesis, to truly understand the textual and visual content of the web page. In addition, this method allows a better SEO of the website by providing accurate information for each image to search engines. In this article, we were able to see the different issues surrounding the access of people with disabilities to the website, and in each case, the optimization of your website for this population brings significant benefits for everyone. Therefore, to help the other is also to help oneself. Let us a comment Related articles
Subnautica Wiki The Pinnacarid is a friendly fauna species in Subnautica: Below Zero A small, intelligent and social predator species that effectively fills the role filled by seals on Earth. They are a predator of small fish and are friendly towards the Player. Their appearance suggests a distant relation to the Pengwing. The Pinnacarid has a long, streamlined body with seven pairs of fins that decrease in size towards the tail fin. An additional pair of fins adorn each side of the face, these appear decorative rather than functional. The head has two pairs of small green eyes arranged that one pair is above the facial fin and the other pair is below. Atop the head are two purple-tipped antennae that can be retracted into the head when the Pinnacarid is hunting. The front and underside of the head and neck are orange and the head ends with a small black beak. The dorsal side of the body is black and the ventral side white, a common method of camouflage. About one third of the way down the dorsal side there are two, thick orange bands that continue all the way to the tip of the tail. Pinnacarids spend a majority of their activity underwater, hunting smaller fish. They can be seen attacking nearby herbivores, but remain friendly toward the player. Additionally, Pinnacarids have the ability to traverse between land and water, a behavior observable within either Arctic region. Any small herbivores that can be found near Pinnacarids can also be fed by hand to them. Holding one of these fish in the player's hand will prompt the Pinnacarid to swim toward the player. Data Bank Entry Pinnacarid Ency.png An intelligent and curious creature which hunts and forages below the waterline, but returns to the surface to breathe. - Its many flippers make this an acrobatic hunter underwater but vulnerable on land, where it is capable at best of a fast shuffle - Generally consumes small fish, its diet may also include various plant materials - Side-facing eyes unusual for a predator, these likely serve as a defensive warning system - Purple-tinted antennae on the head detect the movement of prey fish nearby - Shows no aggression towards humans, and even curiosity if there is the chance of a meal Assessment: Friendly Source: Scan Pinnacarids The body shape and general behaviour of the Pinnacarid takes inspiration from seals whilst the many fins are a trait inspired by the Cambrian era predators, anomalocarids. File Type Land death Water death Callout 1 Callout 2 Callout 3 Callout 4 Callout 5 Land flinch 1 Land flinch 2 Land flinch 3 Water flinch 1 Water flinch 2 Water flinch 3 Fast hop 1 Fast hop 2 Fast hop 3 Fast hop 4 Slow hop 1 Slow hop 2 Slow hop 3 Slow hop 4 Push 1 Push 2 Push 3 Push 4 Push 5 Push 6 Ride Hurt 1 Ride Hurt 2 Ride Hurt 3 Ride Off Ride On Slide on land Fast swim 1 Fast swim 2 Fast swim 3 Fast swim 4 Fast swim 5 Fast swim 6 Fast swim 7 Slow swim 1 Slow swim 2 Slow swim 3 Slow swim 4 Slow swim 5 • The Pinnacarid's name is a portmanteau of two taxonomic names; The clade Pinnipedia which contains seals, sea lions and walruses, and the suborder of Cambrian era predators Anomalocarida that the Pinnicarid takes its appearance from. • The name given in the concept art for the Pinnacarid is Pinnicarid, which matches Pinniped, from which the name was derived. It is likely that the current name was a misspelling made when adding the creature to the game. • You can ride the Pinnicarid.
Knowing The Idea of Virtual Inventories Most importantly, individuals refer into the net as “the web”, but some of the popular sites, such as for instance Wikipedia, use the definition of “Bit coin ” rather than Fundamentally, you may consider the Web as a worldwide currency, in which folks around the globe could trade one another’s currencies. One can also say the web is similar to a global virtual market, where by people can offer their items to get cash (the “marketplace “), or exchange a currency for a second (a “coin”). However, there is significantly more to the online ‘s inherent tech compared to this simple description. Lots of people these days refer into the internet as being a “virtual money “, as a lot of people make use of the web to perform items which make them income, as an alternative of actually having real cash. By way of instance, whenever you make payments together with your credit or bank card, you’re spending the funds from the bank accounts. However, when you transact along with other individuals ‘s accounts by means of the internet, you are really making them money. As the net is composed of virtual worlds, it is easy that people float via this virtual world without actually having to get into one coin. This really is where the concept of why “digital Money ” stems in. In short, if you were able to offer people “money “they wouldn’t need to put on real cash in any way. In fact, virtual monies might not even have to get exchanged, as they’d only need to prove that the worthiness of their account has been more than the worth of their money being supplied. This would allow folks to transact minus the need for holding any kind of currency whatsoever, mainly because they are ditching their virtual money for RealMoney within a matter of seconds. Virtual monies are in existence since the 1970s. If you enjoyed this short article and you would certainly like to get additional details concerning 投注网站比特币 kindly check out our web page. The first ones were created as “digital commodities”. These currencies were used by companies and individuals as being a means to obtain things with out even holding their own income. As the supply of these digital commodities had been repaired, and also there could always be a lot of them available, these companies could “publish ” their particular money. They would subsequently utilize the digital money to purchase the services and goods they needed to supply to the general public. As time goes on, far more people became interested in purchasing these digital products instead of an alternate to making use of actual money. The idea of the virtual commodity became very popular, and lots of organizations started devoting their very own digital monies to sell products and solutions. Eventually, this caused the creation of that which we all know today as “The web. When you type in “virtual currency” into an internet search engine, you’ll discover lots of sites that offer various sorts of digital monies. You can find websites which give you information about a special digital product, such as the Australian Dollar, the Euro, ” the Chinese Yuan, and also the Japanese Rolex, among others. Thus far the most common virtual product is that the “Bitcoin. ” This digital currency is predicated online ‘s popular currency, the US dollar, also works on the assumption it is dependant on a peer reviewed network in contrast to the traditional financial system. It follows that you don’t even have to worry about retaining some physiological money at all, so you won’t actually need to handle financial institutions or other finance institutions, so unless you would like to use one. A few people today believe that this type of online money is going to function as the main one to replace the united states buck. In spite of the fact that it’s unlikely to displace the dollar, it’s gained fame and is already being used more by a lot of people around the world. Although a lot of people still overlook ‘t grasp the concept of the online ‘s inherent technologies, the most crucial thing to keep in mind is that we’re managing the digital environment, that will be susceptible to the whims of their forces that function as Folks who create excellent small business awareness have started to develop products and companies in this virtual marketplace as the existing market will never let’s eliminate of this buck. In the event the government would like to remove a number of the problems of their present market, they are going to simply expel money entirely, which is going to result in the present economy being substituted with the one that is dependant on an entirely different system. As a way to avert this particular happening, folks want to realize the continuing future of the Web will depend upon the future of the dollar. As well as the capacity of organizations like “Bit-coin “, to keep the present customers and companies in business. Leave a Reply
Keyword Analysis & Research: merville battle Keyword Analysis Keyword Research: People who searched merville battle also searched Frequently Asked Questions What happened at the Battle of Merville? Merville’s battery was the subject of new battles on June 7, especially following the assaults led by commando N°3, which however failed to seize it. Upon their disengagement, the British commandos were caught under the firing of the guns directed with the reticles of direct fire. What are the coordinates of the Battle of Merville Gun Battery? /  49.27000°N 0.19639°W  / 49.27000; -0.19639 The Battle of Merville Gun Battery occurred on 6 June 1944, as part of Operation Tonga, part of the Normandy landings, during the Second World War. Why visit the Merville Battery and Museum? You will also be able to see the whole of this battery site, whose guns would be silenced, and hence understand the difficult D Day mission that had been given to Lieutenant Colonel Terence Otway’s 9th Battalion… The Eastern flank of the fighting on 6th June 1944 the Merville battery and museum form the Eastern portal to the battle of Normandy. What was the Merville Battery made of? The Merville Battery was composed of four 6-foot-thick (1.8 m) steel-reinforced concrete gun casemates, built by the Todt Organisation. Each was designed to protect First World War-vintage Czech M.14/19 100 mm guns. Other buildings on the site included a command bunker, a building to accommodate the men, and ammunition magazines. Search Results related to merville battle on Search Engine
Challenge the Brain Geography Trivia Questions Test your general knowledge with our selection of geography trivia quiz questions readymade for friends and family to enjoy. For the best pub quiz night, check out our free geography trivia quizzes with questions regularly updated by the team at Challenge The Brain. Geography quiz image by Challenge the Brain Geography trivia questions for the best quiz night! Geography Trivia Questions 1. How is igneous rock formed? 2. True or false: South America is the world’s fourth largest continent? 3. What type of fuel are coal, oil and natural gas? 4. What word describes the point on the Earth's surface, directly above the focus of an earthquake? 5. Which of the following is not a well-known river: Amazon, Britannica, Mississippi? 6. What is the outer layer of the Earth called? 7. The emergent, canopy, understory and floor layers all form part of a what? 8. What term describes the movement of waves approaching the shore at an angle whilst transporting sediments and material? 9. What are the two longest rivers in North America? 10. What are convectional, frontal and relief all types of? 1. What is the world's largest non-polar desert? 2. Does the process of attrition cause strengthening or weakening? 3. Which continent has the lowest population density? 4. What occurs in large numbers in the Ring of Fire? 5. What is the tallest mountain in North America? 6. Unscramble the following word to reveal a tropical cyclone: NCRUHRIAE 7. Is Cape Town in the North or South of Africa? 8. What name is given to the imaginary line which divides the Earth into northern and southern hemispheres? 9. Where are stalactites and stalagmites formed? 10. What is the longest mountain range in the world?
Improved performance of dual carbon battery with new electrolyte mixture Aluminium piston (left) the new steel piston (right). Click to enlarge. The new pistons contribute to the maintenance of the same engine output (190 kW/ 258 hp), but with fuel consumption of around 5.0 liters of diesel fuel per 100 kilometers (47 mpg US)—the saving achieved through the use of the steel piston is around 3%. Steel pistons are already commonly found in commercial vehicle engines, where they are combined with heavy cast-iron crankcases, while aluminium pistons have over the years gradually become the norm for passenger car diesel engines. The steel pistons that Mercedes-Benz has now developed from scratch harmonize with the much lighter aluminium engine housings and the NANOSLIDE cylinder bore coating technology also developed by Mercedes‑Benz. Exploiting material advantages. Steel and aluminium have significantly different characteristics: steel expands less than aluminium when hot, conducts heat less well and is heavier. Mercedes-Benz engineers discovered opportunities by using the apparent differences between the properties of the respective materials to their best advantages. A steel piston expands with heat only to about a quarter of the extent of its aluminium equivalent, allowing the engineers to fit the steel piston more tightly within the aluminium housing, with the effect that it sits very snugly in the cylinder bore. However, as the temperature rises during operation of the engine, the aluminium housing expands more than the steel piston—and the result is greater tolerance of the piston within the cylinder and thus less friction. As the piston/cylinder assembly alone causes between 40 and 50% of the mechanical friction, the potential for efficiency here is significant. Steel pistons used up until this point were, however, little suited for the combination with engine housings made of aluminium, Mercedes-Benz said. So, Mercedes‑Benz redesigned the piston. The modern versions of the steel pistons that will now be fitted for the first time as standard in the V6 diesel on board the E 350 BlueTEC, within an aluminium crankcase with NANOSLIDE cylinder bore coating technology, are forged out of high-quality, high-strength steel. The challenge for the piston supplier is considerable, since the manufacturing process for the new, high-strength steels is similarly complex. The higher strength of the modern steel allows for a more compact piston design, which more or less compensates for the fact that the material is around three times as dense. The advanced steel pistons that will in future be used in the V6 diesel engine are as much as 13 millimeters lower than the aluminium equivalents used until now (aluminium pistons in the V6 diesel approx. 71.6 mm high, steel pistons only 58.6 millimeters). Experience has shown that the innovative steel pistons optimize thermodynamic performance and, at the same time, reduce friction significantly. Furthermore, measurements showed that significant consumption benefits can be achieved in the lower and middle speed ranges important in everyday driving. Mercedes-Benz is envisioning further application of the new pistons in its four-cylinder diesel engines. —Joachim Schommers, head of basic engine development at Mercedes-Benz Wow, these ICEs are complicated! And, expensive too! Once you drive an EV, it's difficult to even consider these overpriced stink boxes. ICEs are complicated, and yet cheap given the complexity. I suppose that is 120 years of development for you. Interesting how things go in and out of fashion as our knowledge expands, first steel, then aluminium, then steel again. It will be interesting to see what they get then they do the smaller 2L 4 cylinder engines. 47 mph(US) is incredible for a car the size and power of the E350. From a local pollution point of view, an EV beats an ICE hands down: from a CO2 point of view, it is less clear with any "normal" fuel mix for electricity generation (UK, Germany, USA). If you have a lot of hydro or nuclear (France), you are OK, but most industrialised countries have a fairly dirty mix with CO2 / KwH > 500 gms and this is not much better than a modern diesel which can get < 120 gms/km for car such as a BMW 520D. be still my beating heart. Yet another band aid on the wart that is called ICE. The comments to this entry are closed.
Archaeologists in Peru have discovered a historic site that they believe may have been a meeting place for ancient desert society rulers and dignitaries. The ruins were found at the Limon archaeological complex in the region of Lambayeque and can be traced back 1,500 years to the time of the Moche culture. The findings include two rooms that may have been used for political purposes. The first looks to be a banquet hall with two thrones, which may have been used to host feasts by the rulers for their guests. The other room features a circular podium and could have been where announcements were made. Some of the walls feature paintings of fish and sea lions and may have been designated for use only by the elite. Up until now, these two chambers were depicted on various Moche ceramics and indicate that the site was of special value to the culture. "These scenes had been depicted in the iconography of the Moche world but we had never been lucky enough to physically find where they took place," lead archaeologist Walter Alva told Reuters. "It's a very important finding." The Andean society, which ruled in northern Peru, flourished between the 1<sup>st and 8<sup>th centuries (from 100 to 700 AD), at a time that preceded the Incan civilisation and the Hispanic conquest. Recognised as a complex culture, the Moche people designed irritation systems to grow crop in the desert region and also are known for their elaborate gold work and sculptures featuring a wide variety of sexual acts. Scholars believe that some type of environmental catastrophe may have been responsible for the collapse of the culture and Alva pointed out that construction on some of the chambers appear to have been halted abruptly in the 5th century. A super El Nino is suspected of occurring sometime between 536 and 594 AD and led to heavy rainfall and flooding followed by extreme draught in the region. Moche culture Aerial view of the recently discovered pre-Hispanic Moche culture ceremonial precinct, at the archaeological complex of Limon in northern Peru JULIO REANO/AFP/Getty Images Alva believes a further study of the site will reveal clues towards understanding the Moche's political life. Earlier research was able to surmise that women played an important role in politics and religion of the time. In July 2017, scientists announced that they had reconstructed the face of The Lady of Cao, using 3D printing. The face was based on a replica of an ancient powerful female leader, which was discovered at a ruined mud-brick pyramid known as Huaca Cao Viejo near the city of Trujillo in 2006. She is thought to have been a female Moche ruler considering her elaborately tattooed body and the fact that she was buried with weapons including two massive war clubs and 23 spear throwers. Various other objects like a crown and gold and copper artefacts were found in her tomb. "The Lady of Cao discovery showed the political and religious role of females in the rich culture of northern Peru, while the current event presents a combination between the future and past [...]," Culture Minister Salvador del Solar said of the find. The Lady of Cao The Lady of Cao’s skull was found at a ruined pyramid known Huaca Cao Viejo in 2006 Reuters
Lesson 4 – الدَّرْسُ الرَّابِعُ Exercise – تَدْرِيبٌ o   Do not use diacritics in the following cases: §  Do not put the small Alif on words like هٰذا §  Do not put diacritics on long vowels. • For more instructions click here. اِقْرَأْ وَاكْتُبْ مَعَ ضَبْطِ أَوَاخِرِ الْكَلِمَاتِ • The Arabic sentence above means "Read and write specifying the vowel ending of the words". For each of the questions below, type out the full word or the sentence but include the vowel marks which have been missed on the ends of the words. • Once again, the sound has been included (click on speaker icon by sentence to hear) but once again please only listen to the sentences after doing the exercises. فِي الْمَدْرَسَة Madinah Arabic question sound Madinah Arabic question sound فِي بَيْت Madinah Arabic question sound Madinah Arabic question sound الطَّالِب فِي الْجَامِعَة Madinah Arabic question sound فِي الْمَطْبَخ Madinah Arabic question sound عَلى الْكِتَاب Madinah Arabic question sound الْقَلَم عَلى الْمَكْتَب Madinah Arabic question sound الرَّجُل فِي الْمَسْجِد Madinah Arabic question sound الشَّمْس وَالْقَمَر فِي السَّمَاء Madinah Arabic question sound
What Explanations tend to be once You Should Use All Of Them realize having So you realize that having a strategic mind-set toward proof and details is important to grasping simple tips to compose an argumentative article. Regrettably, evidence really doesna€™t talk for itself. Although it might be noticeable to you personally, the specialist and novelist, the way the items of proof wea€™ve provided are strongly related to your guests, it might not be as apparent your reader. Thata€™s exactly where explanationsa€”or test, or interpretationsa€”come in. There is a constant wanna merely place some charges from a piece of writing with your writing and refer to it as each and every day. Your are performing desire to translate evidence an individuala€™ve included to present their subscriber just how that facts assists your own case. Now, that really doesna€™t mean youra€™re probably going to be saying, a€?This section of information supporting my favorite point because. a€?. Rather, you wish to discuss the evidence in a manner that helps your subscriber see how it supports the position a person claimed inside thesis. Wea€™ll talk about tips do that when we show an illustration of a very good human body part from an argumentative composition within some. Learning how to include facts and facts for the best certainly important. Herea€™s the reason: at the time youa€™re composing an argumentative composition, especially on standardized checks and/or AP examination, the exam scorers cana€™t penalize you for its position you take. Alternatively, his or her review will concentrate on the option a person incorporated evidence and discussed they within article. Concentration Locations 2: Howa€”and Whena€”to Address Additional Viewpoints Exactly why would you be making reasons whatever if there werena€™t several vista nowadays on a given subject matter? Whilst you accomplish research and think about qualities encompassing their topic, youa€™ll likely discover reasons that stand-in direct opposition for your state. Oftentimes, instructors will ask you to a€?address the oppositiona€? inside argumentative composition. What exactly does which means that, nevertheless, to a€?address the resistance?a€? Opposing opinions perform kind of like an elephant in the room. Your own audience knows theya€™re present. In reality, your own guests may buy into an opposing viewpoint and also be available to demonstrate all of them the reason your own perspective is way better. If you decide to dona€™t, it indicates which youa€™ll find it difficult persuading your guests to buy your assertion. Approaching the opposition is actually a balancing function: one dona€™t wish challenge a argument, however dona€™t wanna disregard the quality of opposing opinions out-of-hand or disregard these people completely, which can also undermine your very own argument. This isna€™t choosing acceptable technique, but ita€™s a normal practice to attend to deal with the opponent until near to the conclusion of an argumentative essay. But the reasons why? Really, waiting to present a contradicting view until when youa€™ve completely recognized your discussion is definitely strategical. We arena€™t attending enter into excellent facts discussing the contradicting viewpoint: youa€™re likely explain just what that view is rather, nevertheless youa€™re also seeing highlight whata€™s wrong with it. It is also efficient to read simple things the opponent by the channel of your debate and so the facts youra€™ve accustomed support they. In the event that facts a persona€™ve already consisted of aids your own debate, it possibly really doesna€™t offer the opposing standpoint. Without being as well evident, it could be worth indicate this completely after you manage the opposition. Terrific results ensure you get your subscribers to evaluate the “I Agree” container on your complete composition. Concentrate Place #3: Authorship the Conclusion Ita€™s typical in conclusion an argumentative article by reiterating the premise statement one way or another, either by reminding the reader just what overarching debate was at 1st spot or by examining the actual primary information and explanation you’ll secure. Your dona€™t just want to restate their thesis assertion and review your details and refer to it every day, nevertheless. Much have gone wrong given that you reported the premise inside the advancement! And just why consume too much an entire paragrapha€”the last things your market will reada€”on only repeating your self? Herea€™s a procedure for the final outcome that offer your very own audience a brand new view individual assertion: reinterpret their thesis record in their eyes in mild of all of the research and facts a persona€™ve given. Imagine exactly how your readers might read your very own thesis statement in a brand new lamp now that theya€™ve seen all of your argument around. Thata€™s what you wish to leave the target audience with as you decide your argumentative newspaper: a brief description of exactly why all those things saying mattered in the first place. As much as possible provide your own visitors something you should manage thinking after theya€™ve look over the debate, thata€™s better. Another thing you ought to steer clear of in your bottom line, though: providing newer promoting points or unique proof. That you need to be complicated for the audience. Adhere to asking your visitor exactly why the argument youra€™ve already generated concerns, as well as your debate will stay with their subscriber.
RANCH TALES: The legacy of the horse “Cowboys is noisy fellers with.” bow legs and brass stomachs that rides hosses and hates any kind of work they can’t do on one." An old-time cowhand once said, “Cowboys is noisy fellers with.” bow legs and brass stomachs that rides hosses and hates any kind of work they can’t do on one The cowboy and the horse have been inseparable since the beginning of the cattle trade in North America. British Columbia, where the open ranges stretched unfenced from the United States border to the Cariboo Chilcotin in the early days, was no different. Cattle roamed free and spent much of their time in a half-wild state. The only way to handle these wild range cattle was on horseback, for a man on foot was at the mercy of their sharp horns and pounding feet. The working cow horses of the early years were small, seldom over 14 hands high and no more than 600 pounds in weight, but powerful. They could run all day and then kick off the hat of their rider at night. They were descended from the Barb horse of North Africa that the Moors had brought to fight in Spain in 711. Unlike the bulky powerful horses of northern Europe, these horses, bred in the hot dry countryside of North Africa and Andalusia, were lean, sinewy and active. The Spanish then brought horses to North America in the 1500s and here they found an environment similar to that of their native North Africa. The hot dry climate of Mexico and the southern United States and the short grasses of the hot plains made the small lean horses even more wiry. The hundreds of horses that escaped into the wild thrived in the plains and mountains of the south and, in their wild state, grew as fleet as deer and strong as oxen. Generation after generation of horses lost flesh and gained “wind.” What they lost in beauty they made up for in utility. They were made for running and quick turns with their lungs built from generations of clean air, hearts of centuries of freedom and stomachs of years of dry feed. These superbly conditioned horses moved northward from Texas onto the plains and from California into the mountains and wet climate of the northwest. In Oregon and the Great Basin area the horses changed subtly, becoming stockier and heavier, perhaps due to the influence of the French-Norman horses brought to the area by the French-Canadian fur traders. On the ranges of the northwest, the wild horses generally became known as a “cayuses,” a term unknown in the south or east of the Rockies. It derived from the Native Cayuse people in eastern Washington and Oregon who were noted for their expert horsemanship and careful breeding of these small, strong horses. The term came north with the early drovers and miners and came to refer to any wild horse that could be broken for ranch work. Over time, the use spread east of the Rocky Mountains but in the early days it appears to have been unique to the northwest. Ken Mather is curator at O’Keefe Ranch.
What Are Contractual Agreement Used For by on Oct.14, 2021, under Uncategorized Contract law is based on the principle expressed in the Latin expression pacta sunt servanda (“Agreements must be respected”). [146] The common law of contracts arose from the assumpsit order, which was originally a trust-based offence. [147] Contract law, as well as tort, unjust enrichment and restitution, fall under the general law of obligations. [148] TREATY. This term, in its broad sense, includes any description of an agreement or obligation in which a party is required by another party to pay a sum of money or to perform or refrain from a specific act; or a contract is an act that contains a perfect obligation. In its narrowest sense, it is an agreement between two or more people who have something to do with each other, with both parties being related* or related to each other. 1 pow. 6; Civ. Code of Lo. section 1754; Code Civ. 1101; Poth. Obligatory. Pt. i.c. 1, p. 1, para. 1; Blackstone, (2 Comm. 442,) defines it as an agreement to do or not to do a particular thing with sufficient consideration. A contract was also defined as a pact between two or more people. 6 Cranch, R. 136. 2. Contracts shall be divided into explicit or implicit contracts. An explicit contract is a contract in which the terms of the agreement are openly stated at the time of manufacture and declared that they pay a declared price for certain goods. 2 Bl. Com. 443. 3. Express contracts are distinguished from three types 1. BI parol, or in writing, as specialties. 2. By specialty or under seal. 3. Protocol. 4.-1. A Parol contract is defined as an agreement that can be concluded or voluntarily, orally or in writing, unsealed, sealed, after a good consideration, capable of entering into contracts, doing a lawful act or refraining from doing anything, the execution of which is not required by law is not prescribed. 1 Com. Contr. 2 chit. No 2.5. It is clear from this definition that, in order to form a sufficient DeOl agreement, there must be one (1). The mutual or reciprocal consent of two or more persons with the capacity to contract. Any agreement must be so secure and complete that either party can have an action on it; and the agreement would be incomplete if one of the parties refused to accept any of its conditions. . Comments are closed. Looking for something? Use the form below to search the site: A few highly recommended websites...
Shylock and the Genius of Shakespeare Shylock and the Genius of Shakespeare Okay, so it may not be breaking news that Shakespeare was a genius. But I was reminded  of what a fabulous study his character Shylock in the Merchant of Venice is by watching Shakespeare Uncovered, a PBS TV series with F. Murray Abrahams discussing the role of Shylock. I know I don’t need to but it’ll make me feel better if I remind you of the plot. Bassanio wants to marry the rich Portia but needs the money to woo her. He asks his friend Antonio (the Merchant of Venice) for it and although Antonio is willing, his money is tied up in some ships soon to dock. Antonio borrows from Shylock, the Jewish moneylender, even though they despise each other. Shylock agrees but if Antonio defaults, he demands to be allowed to recoup his losses by taking a pound of Antonio’s flesh. And things go downhill from there. How did Shakespeare feel about Shylock? There is a hot debate among scholars whether Shakespeare was anti-Semitic. I think there is plenty to suggest he might have been. For one thing, Jews were forbidden to live in the England of Shakespeare’s time so he would have little direct experience but only the prevailing view across Europe which was profoundly anti-Semitic. Where the play is set, Venice, Jews were forced to live in a ghetto and were not allowed to practice most professions. But the strongest evidence, to my mind, is that The Merchant of Venice is supposed to be a comedy and Shylock seems to be set up as the comic villain. We first see him as funny but defensive and full of hate. The pound of flesh idea is introduced early on, to add to our perception of Shylock as vindictive scoundrel. Antonio’s friends ridicule him (“my daughter, my ducats”). Worthy of contempt. This is where the genius bit comes in Shakespeare gives us the comic villain needed in a comedy but he also—and this is the genius bit—makes Shylock is a complete person. So much so that the five hundred years later, when attitudes have changed, he has morphed from a figure of ridicule for Elizabethans to a tragic one to a modern audience. For example, in Shylock’s most famous speech—If you prick us, do we not bleed—Elizabethans would probably have heard it as a justification for the violence Shylock hopes to wreak on Antonio. But modern audiences interpret the same passage as a plea for tolerance. It’s not the words that have changed; we have. And Shylock is still a compelling character. What can we learn from this? Even if we can’t all be Shakespeares, we can try to emulate him in his ability to make fully human every character in our writing. The heroes are not all light but have dark shadows they must contend with to remain a worthwhile figure. The villains are nuanced—both evil and good, worthy of contempt and empathy.  Human, in fact. The closer we can get to this ideal, the more memorable our work will be. Although five hundred years may be a stretch. Using Your History can Hurt Your Writing Using Your History can Hurt Your Writing This post is proof that I can argue from both sides of my mouth. Or, more kindly, I can see both sides of the argument. In the last post, I discussed how to use your own life history to enrich a fictional piece. And generally, I think it’s a good idea.  But sometimes it can backfire. Especially if the scene morphs into more auto-biography than originally intended. Then it can cause problems. You avoid crucial scenes One way to avoid the dangerous bits of personal history is to skim over or leave them out. One writer was telling the story of a foster child whose foster parents wanted to adopt her. However, at the time, and in that locale, the birth mother had to give her permission. The ‘I’ character had to talk to her mother for the first time in years. This is my re-creation of how she handled the scene. I stood at the door, knowing my mother was already inside. I couldn’t bring myself to grab the handle. What if she says no? What if she wants me back? My stomach churned. But I took a deep breath and pulled the door open. When I came out of the room, I closed the door gently behind me. The tears I had been able to hold in now flooded my eyes so I could barely see. Thank god! Thank god! So, here, the writer has avoided the uncomfortable bits by almost literally closing the door on us. Something happens in that room which turns out well but we are just told about it, rather than shown the scene between the mother and the ‘I’ character. In this way, you protect yourself against having to possibly relive painful feelings but rob the reader of what is compelling in your story. Your writing goes flat Another way writers sometimes try to avoid raw feelings is to write the scene, say the one between the birth mother and the ‘I’ character, but make quite clinical or fact based. I’ll give a try at showing this. My mother didn’t look that different from what I remembered. Smaller but that was probably me. She kissed me lightly on the cheek. “My, how you’ve grown.” We sat down at the table. I began. “I want to be adopted by the Warnsleys. But I have to get your permission.” My mother paused for a moment and then said, “Well, I guess that would be for the best.” “Well, thanks.” Honestly, do you buy this? I don’t. We know the ‘I’ character was afraid the mother will say no, so how come no reaction from her when she says yes? In addition, this is presumably a big thing for the mother—how come she acquiesces so easily? Wouldn’t she try to justify why she had to put the ‘I’ character into foster care or regret  losing whatever tenuous relationship she has now with her daughter? In short, I think the writer is primarily concerned with protecting herself from old feelings but in the process, has produced flat writing. I know it’s hard, but to truly write well, you have to risk appearing naked on the page. If you cover yourself up carefully, even in fiction, the reader won’t see a real person or a compelling story. And isn’t that what you are aiming for? From Auto-biography to Fiction: Norman Mailer Approach From Auto-biography to Fiction: Norman Mailer Approach I know I have mentioned Norman Mailer before, but I can’t find where and in any case, I’d like to go into more detail on his approach than I did originally (I’m pretty sure). Specifically, his realization that you can use an emotion you understand to inform a character in a situation you’re unfamiliar with. He said that although he’d never been a soldier, he knew what it was like to be in fear for his life. He used that emotional appreciation in his debut novel, The Naked and Dead. Applying the Mailer approach This is a great way to use events which have happened in your own life to inform your writing without necessarily recreating the original scene. Let’s work through the process. 1. Consider a character you’re having trouble with. You can’t seem to get the feel of the persona. Say you’ve created an alien on an alien spaceship. Needless to say, you’ve never experienced this situation. 2. List what you think isn’t working with the character. I don’t care about him. He seems stilted and unreactive. 3. Pick the biggest problem. Let’s take stilted and unreactive. On the one hand, the stereotype of an alien might to exhibit just such qualities. On the other, readers being alienated from your alien doesn’t foretell gripping involvement in your novel. They need to identify or at least empathize.   What do you want the character to be? Spontaneous and curious. 4. Look into your own life. Take a moment to think about a time—a specific time—when you were spontaneous and curious. On a camping trip when you were ten? The first time you went to a museum? When you turned the car around and went in the opposite direction than planned? Whatever it is, drop into the scene again. Take in all the sensuous details—sounds, smells, images. And tap into how you felt. Excited? Calm? Floating? 5. Apply to the problem. Take that compendium of feelings and sensations and write from that space, but about your character. How does he feel (show, please)? What does he do? How does his alien nature change, warp, or enhance the feelings you had? Let it flow. It’s not foolproof I’m not saying this always works but it can kick you out of a stuck place into something more productive. You’ll know if it’s working if your writing feels emotionally true, even given the alien setting. In addition, this approach is somewhat mechanical just to illustrate the point. If you can conjure the feelings in your own life and apply them to the character rather than going through these steps, by all means do it. The more organic you can make the process, the more likely it will live on the page. But sometimes, using auto-biographical bits in your fiction can cause trouble. Next post. Combining Beauty of Language with Plot Combining Beauty of Language with Plot Last post, I was writing about The Nutshell, a novel by Ian McEwan to point out how a master craftsman can break all kinds of literary rules on the way to a compelling story. In this post, I want to particularly highlight a feat which McEwan accomplishes in this novel: his ability to combine beauty of language with a plot which has momentum. The language When the language is arresting and gorgeous, you want to stop and savor it. Roll it around in your mind to touch all its points of sweetness and sharpness. And there are plenty in the novel. Almost at random, I have chosen a few examples. ..the unweeded garden of their marriage (p. 13) In my mother’s usage, space, her need for it, is a misshapen metaphor, if not synonym. For being selfish, devious, cruel. (p.15) Usefully, each successive effort of memory removes her further from the actual events. She’s memorising her memories. The transcript errors will be in her favour. They’ll be a helpful cushion at first, on their way to becoming the truth. (p.169) But all this savoring does in fact slow the reader down and might even almost kick him out of the continuous dream to admire. To minimize the problem, I often find that authors do one of two things. They either write flowingly and evocatively with only minimal plot or they do the flowery bit up front and then drop mostly into plot for the rest of the novel. McEwan is able to sustain both insight and plot. The plot Here is a plot that works in all the ways a plot should. It has forward action, suspense, and even an ending which is a clever surprise. It’s a mystery, for heaven’s sake and we keep wanting to know how it turns out. Some of the success comes from the right pacing of the novel. McEwan knows how long he can tarry on an image or an insight and when he needs to introduce the next step in the murder plan and commission. Writing to aspire to I used to say that I didn’t like to read other writers’ work when I was writing because it had a deleterious effect. If the novel wasn’t very good, I’d get all puffed up and superior, sure I could do better. If the novel was wonderful, it would depress me so much that I felt it was encouraging me to give up the pursuit and get a good job. Having realized that this was a kind of shoot-yourself-in-the-foot stance, I have toned it down to admiration. Something to aspire to—beauty and plot together. Right now, I’m mostly all plot. But I aspire, I aspire. As to poorly written novels, I’m still working on my outlook. I’m trying for pity but isn’t just the flip side of superior? Still a work in progress. The Nutshell The Nutshell The Nutshell is a highly acclaimed novel by Ian McEwan. It is a brilliant story which is both a fantastic flight of fancy and a sharply observed, gritty tale of murder. With the overlay of compelling comments on the state of humanity. The plot in a nutshell An unborn baby is the protagonist (no, that’s not a typo). By listening through the womb, he discovers that his mother-to-be plans to kill his father, John, to continue her affair with John’s brother, Claude. The baby is outraged but helpless. He ‘witnesses’ John’s poisoning and the subsequent police sympathy for the pregnant widow (Trudy), on the assumption that John was a suicide. But the police become suspicious. Trudy and Claude decide to flee. The baby is desperate to stop them. You can read a fuller summary by clicking the link. The literary rules he breaks I’ve already written how amateur writers break writing rules at their peril but here is an example of where, in the hands of an experienced writer, they can be trampled upon to great effect. I want to concentrate on the cracked literary rules, but there are also many more exciting features. I encourage you to read a review  to get more on these aspects. Inherently unlikely premise Really, the story of an unborn baby—ridiculous. You’re supposed to write characters with whom the reader can identify. We’ve all been fetuses of course, but I think I may say with confidence that none of us told stories from the womb. Impossible, and yet by the end of the first page, I’ve bought it. And the erudition of the baby who pronounces insightfully on the world he has yet to enter.  Some of this acceptance can be attributed to the authority of the author. McEwan’s mastery of the language and confidence makes it easy to fall into his world, no matter how unusual. Both omniscient narrator and first person The unborn baby is the first person narrator. Typically, writers should stick with one point of view. It encourages identification with the protagonist and focuses the story. But McEwan doesn’t allow the strait jacket he has chosen hold him back. He enters into every character’s mind to further the story and is a fly on the wall for events the baby could not have been present for. Again, we move seamlessly from one perspective to another, hardly noticing. The protagonist doesn’t act I’ve already written a post on avoiding passive observers as main characters. A protagonist needs to act to achieve his goals. He can’t just stand around wringing his hands.  Otherwise, the reader loses interest or gains impatience. A baby in a womb. Is there a better definition of an inactive witness? Okay, he tries unsuccessfully to strangle himself with the umbilical cord, but for the most part, he can do nothing but observe. And I am right there, watching with him. So, that’s just three rules trampled over. There are more, one of which I will go into more detail in the next post. The Nutshell reinforces what I have said before—there are general rules for writing which master craftspeople can use with ease but also know when to break in the service of the story. You can do it also if (and only if) you have the same facility. This primarily mechanical breakdown of the novel is not, I hope, how you experience it if you have read it or will (sorry, the tense agreements got a bit tangled up there). Because there’s a lot of fairy dust in the novel, too.
Menu Home Quick Tips For Setting. Atmosphere is really crucial for our presence. We can not envision life without setting. It is our residence and we can not live without it. Environment indicates every little thing that surrounds us from air, land and water. If it is well preserved and also kept tidy after that it is really valuable for people. So, just how do we keep our setting? The natural environment encompasses all living creatures and non-living points occurring normally, which indicates in this sense no artificial. The term is primarily made use of in the organic globe or the earth as well as some parts of the planet. It describes the processes that take place normally to maintain the stability of the eco system and also to sustain the life of various types of organisms. Thus, it can be called as the physical, chemical as well as organic homes of the environment which enable and also keep its ecological equilibrium. There are 4 standard factors of environment which include air, land, water and atmosphere. Air refers to the gas or vapor and other gaseous matter present in the atmosphere such as clouds, rain, snow, haze, mist and others. Land describes the surface layer of the planet where living organisms exist such as soil, rocks, plant life as well as others. Water describes bodies of water such as seas, rivers, lakes, etc. Words ecology comes from Greek and etymologize methods “of the atmosphere”. In this sense, it can be stated that the word describes a physical, chemical as well as organic equilibrium in the environments which is required for the presence of living microorganisms and their connection as well as decline in their health and wellness. Environment plays an important duty in protecting and also preserving these ecological conditions. It is a massive range of mixes important integrating to make up the earths environments. Among the aspects existing in the earths setting are co2, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, carbon, hydrogen, sulphur substances, boron, oxygen, nitrogen, iron, silicon, phosphorus, silicon dioxide, boron, phosphorus, nitrogen, sulphur compounds, sulphur, boron, and also fluoride. All these elements incorporate chemically as well as biochemically to create the various earths eco-systems (environments) which consequently manage the earths atmosphere in a self-reliant process. There are lots of crucial aspects which identify how the organic and also abiotic factors interact with each other. All these pressures work collectively to keep the setting in its excellent condition. Without these eco-systems, the eco-systems would not be able to preserve as well as safeguard the environment for the living organisms present. The earths atmosphere is continuously being transformed due to human activities. Human activities like mining, burning of fossil fuels, use of pesticides and also herbicides, and also building and construction tasks are all altering the earths ambience as well as modifying the earths setting. Human tasks have actually caused a boost in the climatic concentration of Carbon Dioxide. The climatic concentration of co2 is thought to be among the leading sources of worldwide warming. Thus, the transforming climatic concentration of co2 is considered to be among the major vehicle drivers of environment modification. Another chauffeur of environment change is the extinction of types. Extinction refers to the progressive reduction of plant or animal life. This leads to minimizing the earths capacity to provide food as well as oxygen. Hence the ecological communities are impacted and also are incapable to sustain the regular functions of the eco-systems, and also the living organisms that belong to those communities are also not able to endure in that transformed atmospheric condition. An integral part of the earths environment is the bio-systems, which contains living points. All living things require an environmental niche to endure in. It is feasible for any kind of living thing to acquire an environmental specific niche gave it can adjust to the problems normally producing the niche. Nevertheless for the most part, an organisms capability to adapt is dependent on the kind of environment it resides in. The changes in the environment might either be steady or abrupt. The gradual nature of environment adjustment is brought about by human interference, as well as the impacts of the building and construction of facilities and transformed land use. On the other hand, sudden climate adjustment is mainly triggered by ice melting, which is triggered by enhanced greenhouse gas emissions. Instances of sudden human caused adjustments in the setting include the changing of the climatic oxygen, and also global warming. Both of these modifications have potentially devastating impacts on the native environments. Hence, for a lasting and controlled atmosphere, we require both took care of and native environments. Managed atmosphere suggests those environments that are developed in a lab by people. Nonliving points such as rocks, dirt, air and also water, are called natural environments. Both types of setting exist together, and they co-exist. Male developed nonliving points, such as structures, bridges as well as vehicles, as well as allow living things to grow in the natural surroundings. On the other hand, a taken care of setting is one in which living things have total freedom to walk around. In this kind of environment, there are no exterior obstacles to keep nonliving items, such as rocks, soil, air and also water, from moving into the home. There is additionally a lot of interaction in between living things and the nonliving things. For example, birds can communicate with each other and relocate from part of a landscape to one more part through noises. This kind of setting has obvious benefits over a natural surroundings. It offers greater ecological features such as controling the degrees of oxygen in the air, and also maintaining the population of numerous nonliving items in check. Additional info One more advantage of a handled atmosphere is that it offers a far better psychological wellness. In a native environment, one can be forced to simply exist, whereas the setting in a managed setting motivates you to feel that you belong to something bigger than yourself. A healthy economic climate is based upon strong environmental efficiency, as well as individuals spend a lot of money and time enhancing their atmospheres. Nonetheless, they typically fail to remember that they spend so much time within their environments. Hence, an efficient atmosphere can additionally be the resource of psychological advantages, leading to improved well-being. We can therefore wrap up that the administration of a setting plays a crucial function in a person’s ability to live a complete and successful life. Categories: Uncategorized Leave a Reply
What is Cache Poisoning ? Web cache poisoning is an advanced technique whereby an attacker exploits the behaviour of a web server and cache so that a harmful HTTP response is served to other users. Fundamentally, web cache poisoning involves two phases. First, the attacker must work out how to elicit a response from the back-end server that inadvertently contains some kind of dangerous payload. Once successful, they need to make sure that their response is cached and subsequently served to the intended victims. How does a web cache work ? If a server had to send a new response to every single HTTP request separately, this would likely overload the server, resulting in latency issues and a poor user experience, especially during busy periods. Caching is primarily a means of reducing such issues. The cache sits between the server and the user, where it saves (caches) the responses to particular requests, usually for a fixed amount of time. If another user then sends an equivalent request, the cache simply serves a copy of the cached response directly to the user, without any interaction from the back-end. This greatly eases the load on the server by reducing the number of duplicate requests it has to handle. Cache Keys :-  When the cache receives an HTTP request, it first has to determine whether there is a cached response that it can serve directly, or whether it has to forward the request for handling by the back-end server. Caches identify equivalent requests by comparing a predefined subset of the request's components, known collectively as the "cache key". Typically, this would contain the request line and Host header. Components of the request that are not included in the cache key are said to be "unkeyed". If the cache key of an incoming request matches the key of a previous request, then the cache considers them to be equivalent. As a result, it will serve a copy of the cached response that was generated for the original request. This applies to all subsequent requests with the matching cache key, until the cached response expires. Crucially, the other components of the request are ignored altogether by the cache. Impact of this attack ? 1.) What exactly the attacker can successfully get cached As the poisoned cache is more a means of distribution than a standalone attack, the impact of web cache poisoning is inextricably linked to how harmful the injected payload is 2.) The amount of traffic on the affected page The poisoned response will only be served to users who visit the affected page while the cache is poisoned.  Conducting the attack !!! >> Identify and evaluate unkeyed inputs Any web cache poisoning attack relies on manipulation of unkeyed inputs, such as headers. Web caches ignore unkeyed inputs when deciding whether to serve a cached response to the user. This behaviour means that you can use them to inject your payload and elicit a "poisoned" response which, if cached, will be served to all users whose requests have the matching cache key. unkeyed inputs can be identified manually by adding random inputs to requests and observing whether or not they have an effect on the response. >>Param Miner To use Param Miner, you simply right-click on a request that you want to investigate and click "Guess headers". Param Miner then runs in the background, sending requests containing different inputs from its extensive, built-in list of headers.  >>Get the input cached Whether or not a response gets cached can depend on all kinds of factors, such as the file extension, content type, route, status code, and response headers. You will probably need to devote some time to simply playing around with requests on different pages and studying how the cache behaves. How to prevent this attack ?  The definitive way to prevent web cache poisoning would clearly be to disable caching altogether. While for many websites this might not be a realistic option, in other cases, it might be feasible. Even if you do need to use caching, restricting it to purely static responses is also effective, provided you are sufficiently wary about what you class as "static". This is also related to a wider point about web security. Most websites now incorporate a variety of third-party technologies into both their development processes and day-to-day operations. Specifically in the context of web cache poisoning, this not only means deciding whether to leave caching switched on by default, but also looking at which headers are supported by your CDN, for example. • If you are considering excluding something from the cache key for performance reasons, rewrite the request instead. • Don't accept fat GET requests. Be aware that some third-party technologies may permit this by default. • Patch client-side vulnerabilities even if they seem unexploitable. Some of these vulnerabilities might actually be exploitable due to unpredictable quirks in your cache's behaviour. It could be a matter of time before someone finds a quirk, whether it be cache-based or otherwise, that makes this vulnerability exploitable. Connect me on LinkedIn!
Characteristics of persuasive essay 2017-8-14 · CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERSUASIVE ESSAY Purpose To get the reader to accept the writer’s point of view on the issue posed by the writing prompt To adopt the writer’s way of thinking about the issue posed by the writing prompt Organizational Pattern Introduction May have a hook or grabber to get the reader’s attention What are some examples of the characteristics of ... Characteristics of a Persuasive Essay: The purpose is to persuade readers to accept a certain view or to undertake a certain action. When writing any paper, you should follow these six steps. Characteristics of a Persuasive Speech | Pen and the Pad Characteristics of a Persuasive Speech. Good persuasive speeches share several common characteristics. Those qualities include an opening statement that grabs interest, evidence that establishes your credibility and a conclusion that compels the listener to support your position or take action. Writing Workshop - Characteristics of the Persuasive Essay ... What are the characteristics of a persuasive essay - Big Originally slated for a 2007 introduction, the Tcard what are the characteristics of a persuasive essay rollout timetable project was pushed back. They are prefixed by a zero, followed by what are the characteristics of a persuasive essay the zone prefix. The graphic is intended to summarize or be an exemplar for the main thrust of the article. Characteristics of Different Essays - CAES 2001-9-21 · Characteristics of different types of Essay: Note: With all the types of rhetorical strategy mentioned below, we are not talking about essay "types", but about rhetorical styles which writers use for particular purposes. Some essays ask for a more expository than argumentative style, and for particular strategies within those styles. What are some characteristics of persuasive writing and Characteristics of How to Write a Persuasive Essay ... Writing persuasive or argumentative essays - Persuasive or argumentative essays In persuasive or argumentative writing, we try to convince others to agree with our facts, share our values, accept our argument and conclusions, and adopt our way of thinking. Elements toward building a good persuasive essay include. establishing facts to support an argument Five Characteristics of Persuasive Speech - The Nation Newspaper •Persuasive speech demands commitment from the audience: if there is a type of speech that the audience is likely to feel uncomfortable listening to, it is persuasive speech. Persuasive Essay Characteristics & Outlining Video 6.4 - YouTube Persuasive speech thesis statement writing is a confusing task for many students. it doesn’t have to be hard if you learn to make a strong statement that has the characteristics necessary to impress others. Thesis and Support in the Persuasive Essay (English I Writing) 6 Trait Power Write Persuasive Essay 1. Which of the following should be considered when choosing a topic for a persuasive essay? CHOOSE 2 A. a topic my friends care about a lot B. a topic that is controversial C. a topic I am passionate about D. a topic that I have seen before in school E. a topic my teacher […] What the In-Crowd Won’t Tell You About How to Write the Body of a Persuasive Essay. Technology essay writing is no different to many different essays as soon as it regards the general rules which you want to follow. The more specific you’re, the simpler it is going to be to prove it in your essay. Writing Workshop - Characteristics of the Persuasive Essay
Industrial Revolution Essay Conclusion Tips Conclusion Revolution Tips Industrial Essay For those who worked in the factories, their every day life changed drastically. The peasants could supplement their agricultural income and take advantage of the winter months when farming was impossible. Industrial revolution resulted in the invention of textile machinery which marked a rapid growth in the productivity of the industry. Workers shifted to places near the factories where they were employed. Related posts: Why did the Industrial Revolution in England brought about a change in the nature […]. Search Results. The Early Industrial Revolution is said to be a domicile of Britain. Take into account the following tips on the content the three parts should contain. In England it became a transformation from hand tools and hand made items to machined and mass-produced goods. On the other hand, the industrial revolution …. Growing cities and factories led to changes in transportation, labor, and working conditions Writing a conclusion in an essay Ny: Kluwer and blessing mixed on essay an write the industrial revolution was a plenum, new york. This was due to the increased and improved use of machinery into the sector. After undergoing a 23 weeks of industrial training at ESQUEL SDN.BHD., there are a lot of new knowledge that can be learned and I get to understand altogether on how this firm plays an important role in industrial field, especially in Quantity Surveying. Geller and m The industrial revolution had an impact of most aspects of people’s lives. The steam engine developed by James Watt in England and perfected around 1788, came to America soon after Jul 16, 2020 · History Discussion Question 5 No later than the fourth day of the academic week, please respond to this thread by writing a thorough and thoughtful essay that addresses each part of one of the following question sets:How did the Industrial Revolution transform people's daily lives? Esl Term Paper Editing Service Us Elmo Presentation Devices L. The Agricultural Revolution did …. It started in Britain and then expanded to the faraway lands.. The first paragraph should give a short description and summary to enable people to understand the question that needs to be answered in the research paper. The Early Industrial Revolution emerged before the Industrial Revolution and laid the roots for the latter one. This Revolution I talk about today, started way back. These negatives were obstacles in …. The industrial revolution can be described as rapid growth and development of the industrial sector in Britain. England was a country that was the ideal for the Industrial Revolution it was an island, so it was perfect for trade. Then analyze various attributes of the industry and the rationales behind the changes Right, that’s the introduction, main body and conclusion. In the first place, the growth of factory system resulted in the growth of new cities. Conclusion The industrial revolution was a time of great imagination and progress. Interdisciplinary study of cooperation and collective action. Program Associate Cover Letter Examples Athlete Cover Letter Sample For Internship Notes 1 In conclusion, it can be underscored that both the Atlantic Revolutions and the Industrial Revolution have had a major effect on the history of the world. Industrial revolution had the limited ground can feed more people; it stimulates the increase of the population in Europe. Explain when and what prompted the Revolution. These inventions made everyday things much easier for centuries to come ADVERTISEMENTS: In the special sphere also the industrial revolution pro­duced far-reaching consequences. There are pros and cons to these developments. There are more and more people moving to the city, therefore, the western society urbanized gradually. The major effects of the Atlantic Revolutions can be seen through its advocacy for rights among women and the emphasis on …. Industrialization that has been talked about many changes during global business the railroads had touched. And rossman, gabriel. Descriptive Essay: The Industrial Revolution and its Effects. Below are the introduction, body and conclusion parts of this essay Industrial revolution resulted in the invention of textile machinery which marked a rapid growth in the productivity of the industry. The beginning of the Early Industrial Revolution dates back to 1500s. Some examples: * The Industrial Revolution was a messy, inhumane period that showed Man at its worst, but at the same time it l. Merchants usually reduced the number of workers to avoid the higher wages Descriptive Essay: The Industrial Revolution and its Effects The Industrial Revolution was a time of great age throughout the world. Now all members of a family took on new responsibilities and jobs. Sociology Thorstein Veblen's The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions is a sociological discourse that centers on the phenomenon of new technology, popularly termed as the technological revolution of human civilization Why Did The Industrial Revolution Began In England The Industrial Revolution of 18th and the 19th century oversaw the change from manufacturing of products using handmade tools in rural areas, to use of specialized machinery in factories in urban areas. Electronics (Microprocessor and Transistor) flourished in the World . These changes this expansive was not something the government was prepared to handle; they were still trying to regroup from the. The Early Industrial Revolution is said to be a domicile of Britain. Because in today’s world everything, every product come out of factories The Industrial Revolution did in a sense disrupt family life in a way never before seen in the world. Brinley thomas essay, related post of this site in word count in many changes to child poverty papers. Exposure that have been given to me by ESQUEL Sdn Bhd staff about. There were many events that led to the industrial revolution in Europe. Thanks. The second industrial revolution increased immigrants and immigrant labor that became a major factor in all of the progressive movements. What determines this process took nearly 6 months, part of relief panel in community college and took me to remain media-conscious to take place. In conclusion, the factors that caused the Industrial Revolution, were mainly as a result of mans hunger to develop, although it wasn’t steady at first, it grew to be one of mans best decisions towards the improvement of mans lifestyle, as well as the economy of the world The Industrial Revolution did in a sense disrupt family life in a way never before seen in the world. May 02, 2006 ·  The Industrial Revolution The Agriculture Revolution was a time when people worked the land by using simple hand tools. These negatives were obstacles in …. Elmo Presentation Devices
Eating Healthy Is Easy With These Great Ideas Nutrition is an important part of health consideration today, and we should make sure nutritional value in the food we have purchased and used, has not been depleted by over-processing. Lots of people balk at the high cost of organic foods, though it is possible to find some organic items in conventional groceries. In order to add more nutrition to your diet choose the organic versions of your favorite foods. Research is piling up that shows how organics have less nitrates and higher nutritional value. Choose lean meats and fruits and vegetables to get the nutrition you need. As soon as you give organic a try, you will notice the difference and never look back. Selenium is an important part of a healthy diet. Selenium is a mineral that serves as an antioxidant. It helps to promote tissue health and is beneficial to the skin. Selenium has also proven effective for countering free radicals, and helping skin rebuild from sun damage. Some of these foods that have an abundant amount of selenium are Brazil nuts, garlic, brown rice, and eggs. One way to improve the nutritional content of your diet is to make use of artificial sweeteners in place of refined sugar. Consuming sugar too often can also lead to diabetes and many other health problems. Try using artificial sweeteners like Stevia or Splenda. You won’t miss the sugar at all. It is important to get adequate amounts of calcium. Nuts, dried beans, soy milk, sardines, cheese, dark green vegetables, cheese and milk are all healthy foods that contain calcium. Calcium is essential for healthy bones and teeth. A deficiency in calcium can be responsible for osteoporosis. This painful disorder results in brittle, fragile bones which are easily broken but slow to heal. Be wary of fat-free or no trans fat foods. Oftentimes sugar is used in place of the missing fat. This negates any nutritional gain you could get from choosing to skip the fat. Study the nutritional facts carefully when you are shopping. When you are pregnant, be sure to get adequate calcium everyday. Your baby needs lots of nutrients like calcium to grow up healthy, and it will take them from you if you do not provide enough. An occasional cheat day is fine, but keep track of them so you don’t take too many and don’t go overboard. On your cheat day, choose a small reward such as one slice of pizza or a small sweet. Practice portion control to stop weight gain and bad habits. Have a friend or loved one diet with you to provide you with motivation. This person should be a mentor that has changed things in their life and who can level with you. Having someone you can turn to for support is essential. Eat meals that are smaller and more nutritious throughout your day. Eating small meals 5 or 6 times per day will improve digestion, and help you to lose weight. Keeping your weight in check may prevent diseases like hypertension and diabetes. Eating frequently also keeps hunger pangs at bay, making it less likely that you’ll binge. L-Carnitine, zinc and selenium are important minerals that provide essential skin nutrients. L-Carnitine normally comes in a pill form. Zinc is present in popular foods like eggs, nuts, whole grains and mushrooms. Many vegetables contain selenium because of the soil where they are grown. If they are hydroponically raised, though, they many not have it. Eating a wide range of natural foods and adding L-Carnitine supplements is a good way to maintain sound nutrition. Remembering to balance your uncooked and cooked foods is important to balance your diet. You should eat uncooked food about a third of the time. Doing this will guarantee you will get all of your vitamins and they are not cooked out. Increasing fruits and vegetables in your diet can accomplished this easily. Vegetables can be grown organically without having to pay a fortune for them. Many fruits and vegetables including lettuce, peppers and strawberries can be grown at home using a range of different sized containers.
Research Guide: Evaluating Sources Use this guide to learn more about how to evaluate your sources Why Evaluate Sources? Why Evaluate Sources? Your academic career and personal reputation depend on it! • If you use poor quality sources, your research paper could contain errors, overly-biased information or out-of-date facts • Instructors will check your sources to see if you have made good decisions about where you found your information • Knowing how to evaluate will help you make better decisions in other areas of your life, such as: finding accurate medical information, voting on issues during election time, presenting reliable information to your coworkers in a meeting...etc. Evaluate ALL your sources Do Your Sources Pass the CRAAP Test? Evaluation is about asking the right questions and using the C.R.A.A.P test of evaluation is just one way to review and assess the quality of your sources.  Do your sources pass the CRAAP test? If not, find a better source! Currency: The timeliness of the information • How recent is the information? Can you find a date of publication? • Is the currency of information important for your particular topic? • Does information about your topic change rapidly or frequently? • Is older, historical information important for your topic? • If source is a website, are the links functional? Relevance: The importance of the information for your needs • Is the source popular or scholarly? Authority:The source of the information • Who is the author/publisher/source/sponsor?  • What are the author's qualifications, credentials, organizational/educational affiliations?  Accuracy: The reliability, truthfulness and correctness of the content • Where does the information come from?  Does the source list its own references? • Has the information been reviewed or refereed? • Can you verify any of the information in another source? • Are there spelling, grammar or typographical errors? Purpose: The reason the information exists • What is the information being published? Is it to inform, teach, sell, entertain or persuade?  • Who is the intended audience? • Can you determine if the publisher/sponsor has political, ideological, cultural, religious, institutional or personal biases? • For web sources, what is the domain? (.edu, .gov, .com, .org, .net)? • For web sources, who are the sponsors of the site?  Are there advertisements? Do they affect or color the information being presented? Download a copy of the C.R.A.A.P. Test below Video: Using the C.R.A.P. Test to Evaluate Websites Source: "Using the C.R.A.P. Test to Evaluate Websites" by Portland State University Library, is licensed under a Standard YouTube License. This video explains the C.R.A.P. test and then uses it to evaluate three websites on the topic of performance enhancing drugs in sports. Can you pass the test? Try it out! What is your evaluation of these websites? Use the CRAAP Test to evaluate the three websites on clean energy below.
What is a normal body temperature during exercise? How much does body temperature rise during exercise? Given that mechanical efficiency varies from 20 to 25%, most of the metabolic energy converted to produce movement is released as heat. For example, exercise performed at 80 to 90% of maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 max) could increase core temperature by 1°C every 5 to 8 minutes if heat was not dissipated. Does exercise increase body temperature? Both the exercise itself and the air temperature and humidity can increase your core body temperature. To help cool itself, your body sends more blood to circulate through your skin. Does temperature drop after exercise? So your body temperature will rise for about half an hour until it plateaus when you’re losing enough heat through your skin to keep your body from baking. The Short Answer: When you finish exercising, your metabolic heat production immediately drops. Is 99.1 a fever? Can exercise cause a low-grade fever? But infections aren’t the only cause of low-grade fevers. There are several other reasons you may run a low-grade fever, such as: You’re exercising vigorously. You’re outside in hot weather or wearing heavy clothing. IT MEANS:  What factors contribute to muscle soreness? What can raise your temperature? Outside of Illness and Infection, What Raises Body Temperature? • Hot showers. … • Hot food & drinks. … • Laying on one side. … • Teething in children. … • Pregnancy. … • Gender. … • Stress. How can I increase my body temperature? What are some other tips for increasing your body temperature? 1. Stay close to someone else. If it’s safe (and comfortable) to do so, share body heat with someone else. … 2. Take a warm bath. A quick way to raise your internal temperature is hydro-immersion therapy — better known as taking a bath. … 3. Change into warm clothes. What body temp is normal? Why does body temp drop after exercise? What causes your body to not regulate temperature? There are many causes of hypothalamic dysfunction. The most common are surgery, traumatic brain injury, tumors, and radiation. Other causes include: Nutrition problems, such as eating disorders (anorexia), extreme weight loss. How does negative feedback regulate body temperature? Negative feedback – example Body temperature is controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain. If the hypothalamus detects that the body is too hot, the response is that the body begins to sweat to try and reduce the temperature back to the correct level. IT MEANS:  How can I make my biceps bulge fast?
How is India distinct from the rest of Asia? India has varying geography and climate which has been a big factor in their history. … Secondly, the Hindu Kush and Himalaya mountains cut India off from the rest of Asia. Also, India is a huge subcontinent divided into very distinct regions. How is India distinct from the rest of Asia Brainly? It is a landmass. It is a peninsula. It is a subcontinent. How is India distinct from the rest of Asia continent? India rests on its own tectonic plate, called the Indian Plate. … In addition to the Himalayas, India is also separated from the rest of Asia by two other mountain ranges. These include the Karakoram and the Hindu Kush. Different people include different countries in the Indian subcontinent. Why is India called sub continent? – India is sometimes referred to as a subcontinent because it is a separate landmass, not just a country. It is not as large as one, but it has certain characteristics of a continent, so it is not considered a continent. … India migrated north due to continental drift and became a part of Asia. What is the significance of the Himalayan mountains for the Indian subcontinent? IT IS INTERESTING:  What is the punishment for drunk driving in India? Is India a subcontinent? Who is the founder of India? What is the capital of Indian? Was Thailand a part of India? What are the 7 continents of India? What is the nation of India? Republic of India Bhārat Gaṇarājya (see other local names) Demonym(s) Indian Contradictory India
I have been reading about how lasers function : A photon is used for stimulated emission of electrons from the metastable state to a lower energy state. What I don't understand is : How can "giving" energy (in the form of photons) to electrons stimulate them to come to a lower energy state ? After stimulated emission , the old photon exists along with the new one and with the same energy as earlier, so how did it actually stimulate the electrons to fall ? PS : I have just begun to learn phy, so pls ans as simply as possible :) • $\begingroup$ I'm no laser physicist, but the key is having a population inverse in the gas. When you maintain more than half of the gas particles are in an electrically induced excited state, the few that do decay to lower states emit photons. Those photons then have a greater than 50% chance to hit an already excited particle and make it drop to the lower state, leaving you with 2 photons. If less than 50% of the particles are excited, any photons are more likely to hit non-excited particles and excite them, which means no net gain of photons. $\endgroup$ – Jim Jul 14 '15 at 15:59 • $\begingroup$ So you have to use electricity to excite more than half the population of the gas and then you get stimulated emission when photons interact with already excited particles. But a proper answer needs more details than that. So I'll let the laser physics people take it from here $\endgroup$ – Jim Jul 14 '15 at 16:01 • $\begingroup$ I think it comes from the fact that photon are Bosons and thus follow a statistical law that kinda help/force them to be in the same state (as opposit for the electron who cannot be in the same state at the same position). Sorry if it's kind of vague but I think that's the kind of answer you want. I'll let someone more expert answer in more detail $\endgroup$ – EigenDavid Jul 14 '15 at 16:46 • 1 $\begingroup$ Stimulated emission can also be explained without the concept of photons, see Fain, B.; Milonni, P. W. (1987). "Classical stimulated emission". Journal of the Optical Society of America B 4: 78, dx.doi.org/10.1364%2FJOSAB.4.000078 $\endgroup$ Jul 14 '15 at 19:31 • $\begingroup$ @jims bond thanks ! Well, the thing that's most confusing to me is how photons can make electrons fall by hitting them ? Shouldn't hitting them actually make them more energetic ? $\endgroup$ – biogirl Jul 15 '15 at 0:37 I guess your question is: how the electrons "know" they should jump down when the photons come in? Well, stimulated emission is a theoretical discovery by Einstein. The strict explanation requires quantum mechanism. A simple explanation is the electron at the upper level is too lazy to think about where should it jump. So it just follow the incoming photon, release the exact same energy and fall. If there is no incoming photon, it actually releases a random energy, which is called "spontaneous emission". If the electron at the lower level wants to jump back, it has to capture a photon, which is called "absorption". To amply the light, you will want to have more electrons at the upper level, which is called "population inversion". Hope this helps. Your Answer
Can Mosquitoes Spread HIV? Last Updated: 07.12.21 Given that mosquito season is just around the corner, a bug salt gun might be just what you need to protect yourself from these cruel insects. Also, if you have the time to check it out, this buying guide is packed with all the info that you need when it comes to selecting quality mosquito zappers. Because one of the biggest misconceptions when it comes to mosquitoes has to do with their ability to transmit the HIV virus, in this entry we have decided to set things straight. So, if you are interested in this topic, be sure to keep on reading! Can mosquitoes transmit HIV? According to researchers, each year mosquitoes are responsible for the death of more people than any other insect or animal. However, although they are carriers of numerous dangerous parasites such as malaria, mosquitoes cannot transmit the HIV virus. Why can’t they spread HIV? There are a couple of factors that prevent mosquitoes from transmitting this virus. Firstly, we have to talk about the “snout” of a mosquito, or, in other words, its needle-like mouth. The snout of an insect of this kind is made up of six distinct parts. Four of the pieces have the role of piercing the skin of the victim. The other two, are made up of two tubes, one that pumps saliva into the host, and one that carries the blood into the organism of the insect. Because of its dual structure, the last part of the snout makes it impossible for a mosquito to infect other people with HIV-infected blood. What is more, once the HIV-positive blood reaches the gut of a mosquito, the virus cannot replicate as these insects do not have T cells. So, once it reaches the digestive system, the virus is broken down and it cannot migrate to the salivary glands of the insect. During the digestion, the particles of the HIV virus are completely destroyed. Another reason why it is impossible for mosquitoes to transmit the HIV virus has to do with its low circulation level within the blood of the host. As the specialists have remarked, the HIV virus circulates in the human body at considerably low levels. The quantity of blood a mosquito takes from a host is considerably small and it not enough for infestation. It has been estimated that it would take around ten million mosquito bites for the virus to be transmitted to a single person. What is more, if you happen to accidentally swallow a mosquito that has bitten an HIV positive person, you are also safe, as the quantity of infected blood is considerably small. In what conditions can the HIV virus be transmitted? For the HIV virus to be transmitted, there is a specific set of conditions that have to be fulfilled. If any of these conditions are not entirely satisfied, the likelihood of transmission is negligible. First, it’s vital that there is a bodily fluid such as blood, breast milk or semen in which HIV can thrive. The virus cannot live in one’s saliva, sweat, feces or urine. Secondly, it is important that there exists a route through which the virus can enter one’s body. This route can be through direct blood-to-blood transmission, or through mucosal tissues that are vulnerable. Thirdly, there has to be a considerable amount of blood transmitted for a positive infection to occur. This is the reason why a person with a low viral load has lower risks of infecting others. The viral load of an HIV positive person expresses the concentration of the virus in one’s blood. A person that has a low viral load is not free of HIV. This is only an indication that the virus population has dropped below standard testing levels. Only 5 percent of the HIV virus can be found in one’s blood. How can I protect myself from mosquitoes? Although they cannot transmit the HIV virus, mosquitoes are still a nuisance and they have been linked to the transmission of other diseases such as malaria or the dengue fever. Because of this, it is crucial that you protect yourself from these insects in an appropriate manner. If you are a fan of natural products, you can use citronella, peppermint and lavender oils by rubbing them into your skin. Some other plants that mosquitoes are not fans of are marigolds, basil, catnip, and lemons. Moreover, you can keep yourself safe by eating garlic, as some argue that it can also do the trick. Some also recommend that one takes B1 supplements regularly. It seems like this vitamin can make us give off a certain smell that is imperceptible to us, but which can effectively repel mosquitoes and other similar insects. If you are the type of person that prefers a more severe approach, and you are not against the use of chemicals, you can purchase a spray that was created for the task. There are two types of insect repellents that you can opt for, those that include DEET (or diethylmetatoluamide) and those products that do not. DEET is an active ingredient that comes in the form of a yellow-colored oil. It can be applied directly to the skin and it is generally recommended by the specialists. Although this choice is not entirely safe – there have been people who have had allergic reactions to it – the DEET-based sprays are considered the best repellents invented. How long do repellents last? Another important question that you should know the answer to before taking a stroll in the evening has to do with the effectiveness of the product that you are using to repel mosquitoes. Most sprays available that you can use for the job remain active for around eight hours. Still, active people such as those that hike or do physical work throughout the day are advised to re-apply the product for maximum protection. Choose the right clothes Those who love to travel on a regular basis should also consider acquiring insect-proof clothing. Numerous manufacturers have also created items of clothing of this sort that are comfortable to wear in hot climates, which is a plus according to most users. To avoid being bitten by insects at night, it is also recommended that you wear light colored clothes. It has been noted that mosquitoes are attracted to dark colors such as black and blue. However, you should not opt for bright white clothes as they can make you easy to spot by mosquitoes. Furthermore, it is best that you refrain from wearing heavy doses of floral perfumes and scents. Because mosquitoes also feed on nectar from flowers, you will risk attracting more bugs than you want. If you have been bitten, it is important that you refrain from scratching yourself, as this will only make things worse. Instead, wash the bite gently and cover it with a calamine cream or lotion. Applying ice on the bite mark might also help reduce the general discomfort. The sign of the bite will go away in a matter of days. In case you are experiencing allergy-like symptoms after you have been bitten, it is highly recommended that you seek immediate medical attention, as your life might be in serious danger. Leave a comment 0 Comments Protection Status