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Online teaching Get Adobe Flash player . Geography Terms Author: Siler Brandy Description: Match the term with the correct definition, description, or example. Keywords: Coordinates, Cardinal Directions, Intermediate Directions, Latitude %26 Longitude, Geography, , online teaching 0. Latitude Lines 1. Compass Rose 2. Degrees 3. Correct Format for coordinates 4. Relative Location 5. Relative Location 6. Prime Meridian 7. Latitude Lines 8. Cardinal Directions 9. Tip for finding or providing directions between places 10. Absolute Location 11. Hemisphere 12. Intermediate Directions 13. Longitude Lines 14. Equator 15. Longitude Lines 0. (Latitude #˚, Longitude #˚) 1. The location of an area defined by it%27s relationship to another area 2. units of measure used when finding absolute location ex: 24˚ N 3. The location of an area defined by its exact position on Earth %26 given in coordinates 4. the directions which lie in between the cardinal directions NE, NW, SE, SW 5. 0˚ Latitude starting point for finding latitude 6. run east %26 west but measure distances North %26 South of the Equator 7. also called parallels 8. run north %26 south but measure distances East %26 West of the Prime Meridian 9. You can find AR on a map by looking NE or TX or W of TN. 10. Start with the %22FROM%22 and end with the %22TO%22. 11. 0˚ Longitude starting point for finding longitude 12. also called meridians 13. A design on a map that shows the directions 14. half of a sphere; in geography - half of Earth 15. the four main directions: North, East, South, %26 West
A Short History of Suspension by on 12/10/2013 One of the newest members of Life Suspended, Brandon, who has taken to suspension like a duck to water and become one of our rising stars, brings us an account of the history of suspension. Flesh suspension has a couple of different histories, which I find especially interesting because this means that there exists something within human nature that draws us to such an act, as strange as that act may seem to some people. Of course there are passage-into-manhood ceremonies in cultures all over the world, but even the specific act of piercing the flesh and hanging from those piercings originates in two completely independent parts of the world. This also tells us that enduring the kind of pain that suspension produces isn’t just an act of showmanship, as so many lay observers tend to infer; rather, it’s an act of vulnerability, honesty, and pure human emotion. In India the practice has been documented for at least 5,000 years. Practitioners of sects of the Hindu faith would take part in ceremonies in which participants, usually men, would be flogged, pierced, and in some cases, hanged from hooks placed in various locations around the body. The practice, they believed, brought them closer to a higher power or demonstrated devotion to God. As taboo as the practice appears at first glance, it’s not too surprising to learn that these body suspensions became outlawed in India, perhaps out of concern that these celebrations were literally taking place in the streets of heavily populated, urban areas. After being outlawed in India however, it spread to neighboring countries where it’s still practiced today. The history of contemporary suspension, most would argue, has its roots in North America. Unlike India, the written record of North America only date back as far as white man’s presence, which in the big picture, is not that long; the culture of the Native American planes Indian was one of oral history. An explorer affiliated with the Louis and Clark expeditions, George Catlin, was the first to formally document the practice of human flesh suspension when he encountered the Mandan tribe along the Missouri river around what’s now North and South Dakota. The Mandan called it the “Okeepa” and it differed significantly from modern-day suspension. The suspension in the Okeepa was preceded by four full days of physical torment, starvation, and sleep deprivation. Young men taking part would go all four days without any food, drink, or sleep, and after that, they were taken into the village lodge where their chest or sometimes back were pierced with a knife and a bone was immediately inserted into the fresh wound. The young men were also pierced about the arms and legs where weights were hanged, or sometimes buffalo skulls. Then they would be hoisted up off of the ground by ropes tied to the piercings in their chest. Those who expressed agony were considered weak, so they remained calm and quiet throughout the entire process. They would hang for minutes, or sometimes hours until losing consciousness. After losing conscious, it was believed, they could convene with the “Great White Sprit” who had come down from the mountains generations before to give the Mandan the gift of the Okeepa. Upon losing consciousness, they would be lowered back to the ground, and by some accounts, the strongest of participants would offer their pinky to be severed by a knife. Then, as a final test to show who was the toughest of all those participating, they would race around the village with the buffalo skulls or rocks still dragging behind them, supported only by the piercings in their limbs. It was called the “Last Race” and if a man lost consciousness during the bloody run around the village, he would be dragged the rest of the way, often times ripping the piercings from his body. It was a gruesome practice, but it held meaning to the Mandan. Its documentation only dates back around 500 years, but it very well could have been practiced for untold centuries or even melena before then. Just like in India however, the sight was too shocking for those who didn’t understand and both Canada and the United States eventually would come to pass laws outlawing the practice of the Okeepa. Suspension is rooted deep within the human condition though, and it didn’t go away in the states after that. Instead, it spread south and west and changed into something new: the “Sun Dance.” The Sun Dance is still seen around multiple southern and south western native American cultures. In the Sun Dance, two piercings are made in the chest and ropes are tied to bone or sticks that are inserted into the wound. The dancers then tie the ropes to a tree and dance and lean against the piercings for days. The objective of the Sun Dance is to eventually rip the piercings out, and only then will the participant be able to achieve the highest state of enlightenment. By most accounts, a traditional Sun Dance would last around four days, during which time the dancers would do nothing but tug and pull at the wounds in their chest until the flesh gave and the piercings ripped out. Modern suspension is often credited to Fakir, father of the Modern Primitivism movement. He adopted and adapted what had been documented in the Okeepa and Sun Dance and made it more well known in the larger world. From there contemporary body piercers, performance artists, thrill seekers, spiritual gurus, and body modification artists started pursuing and refining the practice until it became what it is today. Liked this? Share it with your friends! Find more like this: Uncategorized Comments are closed.
How Far Was Hitler Responsible For The Triumph Of The Nazis In Coming To Power In March 1933? 2750 words - 11 pages The 23rd of March 1933, and the Reichstag was on the verge of passing the Enabling Act, which would effectively surrender its political powers to the Nazi dominated cabinet and Hitler. The Centre Party and National People's party capitulated, voting for the bill and thereby destroying the Weimar republic. The eighty-one Communist deputies were 'absent', on account of being imprisoned, assassinated, forced into hiding or exiled. Some of the Socialists had been taken into 'protective custody', but there were enough present to make the bill legal by the constitution, and not enough to oppose it effectively. Nevertheless the Socialists, who had been responsible in many ways for the collapse of the Weimar Republic, made a final gesture of defiance:"We German Socialists pledge ourselves solemnly in this historic hour to the principles of humanity and justice, of freedom and socialism. No enabling act can give you the power to destroy such ideas which are eternal and indestructible" .However well put this speech was, it did not fully represent the standpoint of the SPD (alias Socialists or Social Democrats), who had been the initiators of the doomed Weimar Republic. They had been ruthlessly suppressed before World War One, even though they were mostly benign trade-unionists. They were the main writers of the constitution, and they refused to side either with the pre-war Aristocracy or the radical revolutionaries. There position was strictly moderate, and they did little to change the traditional structure of Germany, except allow unions and increase spending on public services. Its failure to unite with either the far left or the other central parties made its resistance to the enabling Act academic.The Communists or KPD had boycotted the first election, protesting that the general disorder after the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm had not turned into a German Soviet Revolution. It was very much an instrument of the Soviet Union and Stalin, with its significant paramilitary organisation das Rotfront (the Red Front). It, like the Nazi Party, lost out whenever there was economic prosperity, and gained when there was not. Its leaders were unable to oppose the enabling act because they had all been arrested.The only other significant party of the left was the anarchist Independent Socialist Party, or USPD. It was originally the radical wing of the Socialist SPD, but it broke away and aided the Spartacist revolts in Berlin. Despite this, they chose to participate in the elections gaining eighty-four seats at their zenith in June 1920. They became a political obscurity after failing to get the 60,000 votes required for a single seat in the next election, probably losing votes to the Communists.The Catholic Centre Party or ZPD was the backbone of most of the coalition governments, and being religiously orientated it maintained its support well. Although it never polled more than a fifth of the vote, it exerted an influence beyond its size on its coalition... Find Another Essay On How far was Hitler responsible for the triumph of the Nazis in coming to power in March 1933? Why was Hitler able to dominate Germany by 1934? The Nazi regime: How effectively did the Nazis control Germany, 1933-45? The Nazi regime: What was it like to live in Nazi Germany? 2966 words - 12 pages parties when the economy was good (Stressman Era).They also had little success because, Hitler tried to seize power by force. The evidence for this was the Munich Revolt in 1923. Using the hyper inflation, and the unpopularity of the government, he and General Ludendorff tried to lead a march from Munich to Berlin. This was unsuccessful, since the German police were much powerful than the Nazis at that time.--Why was Hitler able to become To what extent was Hitler responsible for the outbreak of the second world war in 1939 ? 1716 words - 7 pages countries' economy for labour. The populations were weakened and desperate, having been harshly brutalised and slaughtered.The governments having difficulty reconstructing their country thought it right to impose reparations to the responsible for the outbreak of the war and so the losers. Many treaties were signed and imposed on the Axis. The treaty of Versailles the most important of the treaties was signed in June 1919 to end the war and wasn't Reasons Behind the Nazis Coming to Power How did Hitler gain the power to become chancellor in 1933-34? 718 words - 3 pages , they put their last hope upon Hitler.The final step for Hitler to gain his power was to take the power that Hindenburg gave him----the Chancellor. Franz von Papen (a friend of Hindenburg) was Chancellor before Hitler. However, he could not get enough support in the Reichstag. As a result, Hindenburg and he had to use Article 48 frequently. Thus, they said they would offer Hitler the position of vice-chancellor if he promised to help them, but Hitler Why was Hitler able to rise to power in Germany in 1933? 1305 words - 5 pages was the weak democratic government of the Weimar Republic, and Germany's social and economic scene in the 1930's that made the people restless and ready for a dictator to come to power.There was no single reason for Hitler's rise to power. However the main reasons were that the political and economic chaos of the 1920's and the 1930's joined forces with German culture that enabled Hitler to rise to power. Both play an equal part. Together, both Life did get better in the 1930s. How far was Roosevelt responsible for this - or was it due to other factors? Explain your answer 525 words - 3 pages Roosevelt's responsibility in making life better for many Americans in the 1930s was considerable, but it took World War II to actually lift America out of the Great Depression.First of all, Roosevelt gave $500 million for relief to cities and states through the Federal Emergency Relief Administration. Agencies like the Civil Works Administration (CWA) supplied funds to local authorities such as mayors of cities and governors of states. These Was economic collapse the main reason why the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1993? 776 words - 3 pages Essay - Was economic collapse the main reason why the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1993?The Nazi rise to power in Germany brought an end to the quasi-democratic system of presidential rule due to series of key causes. By following his appointment as chancellor by President Paul von Hindenburg on January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler started laying the foundations of his Nazi state. Guided by racist and authoritarian principles, the Nazis 'Hitler's charismatic personality and policies only partly explain the Nazis' rise to power in 1933.' To what extent do you agree with this statement? How far was the Provisional Government responsible for its own downfall? 951 words - 4 pages aid in the informal redistribution of land. During all this there was no direction from above which only caused this social and economic revolution to rage on in the essencially governmentless countryside. This revolution only aided in proving that the Provisional Government was seriously incapable and causing them to fall from power. Overall the Provisional Government is essentially responsible for its own down fall because of their lack of Why Did Hitler Achieve Power in Germany in 1933 794 words - 4 pages lacked any self belief in their country and had begun to give up generally. When Hitler arrived with his political party, he offered a sense of self worth and encouragement for the German people. This is why many people voted for Hitler, thus helping his rise to power as a result of the need of a role model and a sense of trust reliance to help rebuild the country. Also, because all of this made Germany an awful place to live with everyone Similar Essays Essay On Hitler: How Was It Possible For Hitler To Come To Power In 1933? 1077 words - 5 pages Adolf Hitler can be considered one of the most powerful and terrifying people in history. It’s surprising how someone like him, with his intentions and plans for Germany and the world, rose to power. However, it happened, resulting in the death of sixty million total dead. The main reason of Hitler’s rise to power in 1933 is the fact that he was a very charismatic personality and he spoke so convincingly, that everyone believed him How Successful Was Hitler Between 1933 45 In Solving The Problems Which Brought Him To Power ? 1665 words - 7 pages Hitler was brought to power in 1933 because the German people were desperate for solutions to their political, economical and social problems. By his fall in 1945, he had solved many of the problems which had allowed him to come to power but when Germany surrendered to the allies and the country was divided, most of the problems resurfaced so the solutions were not long-term.After World War I, in the 1930's especially, the Great Depression hit How Far Was The Failure Of The Weimar Democracy Responsible For Hitler’s Rise To Power? 1674 words - 7 pages How Far Was the Failure of the Weimar Democracy Responsible for Hitler's Rise to Power?The failure of the weakened Weimar Democracy was a significant factor that allowed for Hitler's unprecedented rise to power, but there were many other considerable events and circumstances that practically 'forced' Hitler into power and enabled him to assume leadership of the country at a dismal time of recovery and rebuilding. Other factors also responsible How Far Was Nicolas Ll Personally Responsible For The Problems Of The Tsarist Regime In Russia? 1078 words - 4 pages obstinant belief clearly illustrates he stuck to his beliefs, although in his early years as tsar his uncles had huge influence. That said, the fall of the Russian Empire was not all a result of Nicholas' character and poor leadership qualities, we must also see that the huge socio-economic changes happening as well as the outbreak WW1 hugely influenced the coming about of and the timing of the revolution. These changes would be hard for any
William Shakespeare: Romeo And Juliet Essay 3507 words - 14 pages William Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet There are many alternating reasons as to what could be blamed for the death of the two “star-crossed lovers”, Romeo and Juliet, whether it be the long running family feud between the Montague and Capulet families, the risk of adolescent love, or simply the hast and secrecy in which the romance developed, through Shakespeare’s captivating tale of two predestined teens held in a captive love we are taken to the extremes of every emotion. In this essay I plan to look at the reasons why the adversity happened and if anything could have stopped it from happening. A popular theory into the reasoning of Romeo and Juliet’s death is that it is due to the older generation, through many threads and stages; the adults of the age seem to contribute towards the tragedy in a somewhat major fashion. Firstly if we look at Juliet’s family, the Capulets, we can see a strong pressure placed upon Juliet to do the family’s will. Her father, to begin with, places a strong weight upon Juliet to marry a good man. He believes Paris is the perfect match for Juliet to unite with and so will not hear of Juliet’s disagreement in the matter. Capulet is unaware of Juliet’s admiration for Romeo and completely blinded to their surreptitious love. He cannot understand why Juliet does not want to marry Paris, a wealthy, charming, attractive young man, perfect for a girl of her standard and class. He becomes extremely exasperated at the fact of her censure in Paris’ hand and so upsets Juliet dearly by shouting and telling her “Hang thee, young baggage, disobedient wretch!” In this quote Capulet seems to change from a loving father to being a figure controlled by rage. This seems to provoke her to the decision that she shall either be able to lead a life with Romeo or she shall die, she becomes extremely upset that her father disagrees with her in such an unpleasant way, this may be used as another reason as to why the deaths occurred. After the nurse has left her, Juliet begins to feel sorry for herself and become very over the top about her situation, crying “Do thou but call my resolution wise And with this knife I’ll help it Shakespeare seems to show the child in Juliet as this point by showing her sulking and looking for sympathy from the nurse, the language used helps to describe her desperate state of mind for sympathy and all to be right. When Capulet loses his temper, we feel somewhat sorry for Juliet and angry with him for acting in such an aggressive manner but the reality of this scene is that, in the era of which Romeo and Juliet was written and set, it was any young girl’s father’s job to find his daughter a husband who he thought was eligible and someone that would do his family and daughter proud. When Juliet quickly turns down Find Another Essay On William Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare 950 words - 4 pages Many people make decisions hastily, based on only their emotions at a given time. The authoritative emotions people experience block any foresight they may have had into the potential results of their actions. In high emotion, people stop thinking pragmatically. They make rash decisions, looking only to gratify their immediate desires. Rash decisions are prevalent among the characters of Shakespeare’s play The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. The Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare 1768 words - 7 pages Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare How does Shakespeare present the themes of love and hate in Act 1 (focusing on Scene Five) of Romeo and Juliet? The presentations of both love and hate reach their first climaxes in Act 1, in the meeting of Romeo and Juliet, and in the hatred that Romeo stirs in Tybalt during that meeting. The characters playing major roles in this scene, Romeo, Juliet and Tybalt, are each seen Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare 3192 words - 13 pages Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare ‘O brawling love, O loving hate’. This short quote from Shakespeare’s romantic, ‘Romeo and Juliet’ perfectly sums up what I believe the play to be about; both love and hate, entwined with one-another. Without love there would be no hate and without hate there would be no love. Each character is motivated by both at either separate or simultaneous times. To truly prove this Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare 2148 words - 9 pages Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Shakespheres Romeo and Juliet has many facets. One of the most prominent is the theme of love. The play suggests that this love between the two main characters is all consuming and self focused and seems to ignore all realities of the real world. Youth is the season of love and is full of desires and hopes. With Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare - 1374 words 1374 words - 5 pages Love at it’s finest Love at initial sight is a broadly debated belief. Some believe that true love that only has physical attraction without a deeper understanding of an individual doesn’t exist. Although, others argue that someone may be able to identify true love instantly. In fact, Shakespeare dedicates part of his play to this matter. In addition, he refers to Romeo and Juliet as "star-crossed lovers". To put it in another way, the two Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare - 2492 words 2492 words - 10 pages Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare In the opening scene of William Shakespeare's play, 'Romeo and Juliet' he introduces us to the Italian walled city of Verona in the north of Italy that is being ripped apart by two powerful noble families in a ancient feud. Such things were common in the days when Italy was ruled by independent city-states and principalities. Shakespeare does not specify an exact date and so Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare 1190 words - 5 pages As one of the most complex characters in the play, Romeo and Juliet, Mercutio’s purpose is to act as a static catalyst for the death of most of the characters. Shakespeare uses Mercutio’s character cleverly as the kind of character that stays in the background, but influences the rest of the cast in the utmost amount. Mercutio’s light and occasionally sardonic humor at inapt times relieves the play from being a complete tragedy and allows the Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare 1158 words - 5 pages The wise woman, Margaret Mead, who was a distinguished anthropologist, once said, “Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed it’s the only thing that ever has.” A group of citizens in Verona sought to change the world of two star-crossed lovers. In spite of trying to improve their situation, Friar Laurence, Balthasar, Paris, Benvolio and Mercutio only lead Romeo and Juliet into tragedy. These Romeo Montague of Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare 1189 words - 5 pages The prosperous and vibrant Elizabethan Age made England the heart of all commerce, culture, and most importantly, theatre. Romeo and Juliet, the masterpiece tragedy by William Shakespeare, takes place in this time period and relays the story of two young lovers whose ill-fated deaths eventually end an ancient family feud. The two, Romeo and Juliet, come from quarreling families who adamantly disapprove of their union. Thus, after knowing each Death And Violence In Romeo And Juliet By William Shakespeare 2266 words - 9 pages Death And Violence In Romeo And Juliet By William Shakespeare Romeo And Juliet is quite possibly the most famous love story of all time. It has many concurrent themes running throughout the course of the entire story and one that is very prevalent is that of death and violence, the violence being both verbal and physical. Shakespeare merged the themes of death and violence with those of passion, love, and affection Violence and Conflict in 'Romeo and Juliet' by William Shakespeare 1443 words - 6 pages Violence and Conflict in 'Romeo and Juliet' by William Shakespeare In any play by the well-known William Shakespeare, there is bound to be plenty of meat on the bone in regards to the script. Underneath the concrete elements of character, plot and theme there are very complex and unique ideas and images. Throughout one of Shakespeare's more established plays, Romeo and Juliet, many images are evoked through the Similar Essays Romeo And Juliet By William Shakespeare 1194 Words 1194 words - 5 pages Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet are described as a "pair of star-crossed lovers." Write about the way in which fate is shown to contribute to their tragedy. "Romeo and Juliet" would have been performed to an Elizabethan audience. The Elizabethan audience believed very strongly in "fate" and "fortune". They believed in the power of herbs, the sun and the stars. Herbs had to be picked at Romeo And Juliet By William Shakespeare 1821 Words 1821 words - 7 pages Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeare’s most famous plays and has been described as a romantic tragedy. I will be looking at the different types of love in the play and how the language and drama reflect these. The play opens with a Prologue from the Chorus who warn of the tragedy to come. “……….A pair of two star-cross’d lovers take their life:……. ” Romeo Montague "Romeo And Juliet" By William Shakespeare 1128 words - 5 pages The Fate of Romeo and JulietThe disastrous death of the star-crossed lovers, Romeo and Juliet, was fated before their decisions could prevent their deaths. In William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, many hints and signs of foreshadowing were given to this tragedy that is fated in the stars. Shakespeare says throughout the book that Fate really controlled the destiny these two lovers face. Even the Prologue points out that their love is "death Romeo And Juliet By William Shakespeare 1183 Words 1183 words - 5 pages Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Shakespeare Never Lets His Audience Forget That the Play Ends In Tragedy At the time the play was written, in 1595, everyone believed very strongly in fate and the stars. London at the time was a walled city of about 200,000, with seven gates providing access to the city from the east, north and west. It was considered small and was criss-crossed by narrow little streets and
Philosophical Shortcomings of Methodological Naturalism and the Path Forward • Jonathan Bartlett Methodological naturalism, when used to enforce an exclusive view of scientific investigation, is based on three problematic streams of philosophy: mechanical philosophy, positivistic epistemology, and divine incomprehensibility. Each of these philosophies has inherent flaws that prevent them from being usable across the entirety of causal relationships that science attempts to investigate. However, even in the face of such criticisms, methodological naturalism as a methodology does have some positive features that should be retained even if methodological naturalism itself is not.
Georgia: A Peach of an Energy Policy Georgia’s energy policy is much better than you’d expect from its Southern location and politics. Georgia is a bit of a surprise. It is a leader in solar energy in a region that generally has not been very friendly to renewables. It currently ranks 9th nationally in total solar installations (and even more surprisingly, ranked 3rd in 2016 in newly added solar). What’s also surprising is that Georgia has done this with only a voluntary Renewable Portfolio Standard. Both houses of the state legislature have roughly 2-to-1 GOP margins. But despite the lack of a legislative mandate, the integrated resource plan with the state public utility commission commits Georgia Power to developing or acquiring 1600 MW of renewable energy, mostly through a competitive bid process. The company claims to have the biggest voluntary renewable portfolio in the country. How did this come about? The military may have played a role in Georgia’s recent foray into solar energy. Georgia Power signed an agreement with the Pentagon to supply 30 MW to each of five military bases, a $400 million project in total. Still, the overall energy mix isn’t that great, at least not yet. According to the Energy Information Agency, “Georgia’s four existing nuclear reactor units accounted for 26% of the state’s net electricity generation in 2016, coal accounted for 28%, natural gas accounted for 40%, and renewable energy, including hydroelectric power, contributed more than 6%.” The 28% share of coal could go down even more, if Georgia completes the two new nuclear reactors under construction. But it’s unclear whether that willl happen given that the reactors have already had massive cost overruns. According to the pre-Trump EPA, Georgia will begin to feel the effects of climate change in upcoming years: “Like other southeastern states, Georgia has warmed less than most of the nation during the last century. But during the next few decades, the changing climate is likely to harm livestock, increase the number of unpleasantly hot days, and increase the risk of heat stroke and other heat-related illnesses.” In addition, “Whether or not storms become more intense, coastal homes and infrastructure will flood more often as sea level rises, because storm surges will become higher as well. Rising sea level is likely to increase flood insurance rates, while more frequent storms could increase the deductible for wind damage in homeowner insurance policies. Parts of Savannah and Brunswick are vulnerable to coastal flooding, which is likely to become more severe as sea level rises.” Of course, it would be unthinkable for this highly conservative state government to make any actual plans to deal with these issues. As in many states, city government is ahead of the state as a whole on energy issues. Atlanta’s city council adopted a resolution in May 2017 giving the city’s Office of Sustainability until the end of the year to “develop a plan for City of Atlanta operations to achieve 100% clean energy by 2025 and community-wide 100% clean energy by 2035.” The plan must include “interim milestones, budget estimates, equity metrics, estimated financial impacts, financing mechanisms, and the percentage of clean energy that shall be locally and distributively generated.” The city also has a plan to create a modern streetcar system. Atlanta’s mayor denounced Trump’s decision to withdraw from the Paris Agreement: “The President has made a disappointing decision today to withdraw the United States from the Paris climate agreement, and by extension, global leadership. This decision isolates our country from international partners in shared, global efforts to curb climate change, and at its core is an assault on our future stability and prosperity.” The mayor promised that the city would “intensify our efforts to reduce CO2 emissions, work to cool the planet by two degrees, ramp up clean energy solutions, and seek every opportunity to assert our leadership on this urgent issue.” Hopefully, the state as a whole will move further in that direction.
Site Loader Agriculture has an important role in Malaysia economy. Agriculture contribute more than 23% to the Malaysia’s economy. Agriculture is the backbone of Malaysia economy where it produced agriculture products for internal consumption. Trade also has increase the total number of employee in agriculture sector since this sector is more demand for the import and export. Besides that, trade have improved the agriculture production. The production of many agro-food merchandises has increased extremely and as a result Malaysia reduced its importation of several agriculture product since it begins to export its product to the other countries through international trade. The production of agro-food products will definitely improve the balance of trade. Malaysia introduce assortment of food such as Japanese sushi, Korea cuisine and Chinese dumplings through import. On the other, Malaysia takes advantage to export their specialty to other countries. For example, Malaysia has good resources of rubber so they focus on exporting it to other countries that needs it whereas Malaysia don’t enough resources to grow rice. Thus, Malaysia depends on importing from other countries. Importing food from other countries have increase the food production in Malaysia. Malaysia usually rely on importation of food in terms of spices, sauce and so on through international trade. International trade has changed the style of cuisine in Malaysia which have increases the food demand. Although the ingredients are imported from other countries, but the food is cooked by Malaysian itself to be served in local restaurants, hotel and cafe. Foreigners who come to Malaysia has no worries for the food since Malaysia is serving a variety of cuisines. Nevertheless, import have helps Malaysia to expand their variety of food. Post Author: admin
2D Composition Final Project: Pascal Campion • What kind of movement? • He creates movement in a few different ways. His illustrations usually are of people, so their body language usually conveys a sense of movement. The background does the same thing. For example, when he created an outside setting, the trees and glass will all lean a certain direction to help guide the viewer’s eyes through the composition. • Do the artists establish shallow or deep space? • I think that with the use of overlapping, shadows, and light, Campion is able to evoke the illusion of deep space, even with his flat illustrations. • What techniques do they use to suggest that kind of space? • Campion created his space by both overlapping figures. When trying to create space with geometric figures though, he will use simple perspective techniques like creating a horizon line and vanishing point. • Where are focal points positioned within the frame? Symmetrical, asymmetrical, regular, irregular, repeated, etc. • Focal points are placed in one of two places. Either in the center of the page, or off to the side with specific emphasis on them made by color choices that stand out from the rest of the image. • What techniques does the artist use to convey a consistent composition? (Unity). • I think his color schemes are the biggest factor in holding unity in his pieces. He usually pics a certain color scheme for the entire piece, but breaks it only for the focal point. For example, in the image below, it looks like he uses an analogous color scheme, but he breaks that by using orange on the character in the middle. • What techniques does the artist use to make focal points stand out? (Contrast) • He will usually make them larger, centered, or give the focal point brighter and more vibrant colors. • What color schemes (analogous, complementary, triadic, etc.) does your artist employ and to what effect? • He uses all kinds of color schemes. Each illustration uses a different one and the scheme will change depending on the emotion he is trying to evoke. • Does your artist use saturated or muted colors, and to what effect? “Bright, prismatic colors to create energy”, or “muted, dull colors to create atmosphere or natural environment”. That kind of stuff. • It depends on the image. When depiction delicate moments with his family, he usually uses vibrant colors to help the reader understand that his three, young, children have tons of energy, but he also has other images that use muted colors to convey a sense of serenity or peacefulness. Pascal Campion Leave a Reply WordPress.com Logo Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
The most popular company course among employees at Google is not what you’d expect. It has a six month waiting list and has been going strong since 2007. Called ‘Search Inside Yourself’, it involves no technology. Instead, participants learn mindfulness and meditation. Microsoft and Nike have also invested in mindfulness training for their staffs, and the trend is even bigger in other countries. “The Japanese government is putting millions of dollars into neuroscience,” says Linda Terry, owner of Linda Terry Brain Training in Olympia. “Canada also does a lot more corporate brain training than the U.S. does.” As science continues to discover more about how our brains work, that knowledge can be applied in the workplace, says Terry, to the benefit of both individuals and organizations as a whole. With so many distractions and the ubiquity of technology, staying focused can be a challenge. Understanding basic neuroscience can also make communication and collaboration more effective. A key player is the amygdala, says Terry Taylor, owner of Versoria, an Olympia business consulting firm specializing in executive coaching and leadership management. This almond-shaped cluster of neurons determines how we process memory, make decisions, and react emotionally. It is also where the fight-or-flight response is born. “Often, conversations at work can inadvertently cause the stress response that triggers the amygdala to go into fight-or-flight,” says Taylor. “Once cortisol has been released, we’re functioning from the reptilian brain, which is about survival. We become defensive, inhibited and fearful.” At that point, no work is getting done and communication falls apart, she says. “When people are triggered and in survival, they can only see things from their own perspective. They can hardly hear the other person’s.” Once one person has gone into fight-or-flight, it’s common for others to react in a similar fashion. However, a good leader can recognize when the conversation has been ‘hijacked’ by the amygdala, she says. “It takes a person who is aware, accountable and responsible to skillfully navigate the executive brain in that moment and respond from that brain, rather than simply reacting.” Chris Lee of Sandler Training in Olympia also works with groups to recognize those moments. “When I’m training a company, I’m really teaching individuals that they have a choice,” he says. “They don’t have to respond just because someone pushes their buttons. The amygdala gets hijacked all the time.” Another way companies can apply neuroscience at work is improving memory, a crucial skill for anyone in sales. “Most of my business clients want to remember clients’ or customers’ names,” says Terry. “We’ll go through a whole lesson in paying attention and repeating the name. I give them a bunch of tools. Then, we’ll do a reflection so they can understand how they did it. Reflection is a huge key to memory.” One of those tools is writing the name down. In fact, says Lee, writing anything down by hand helps you to remember it. “The physical act of writing tells your brain that this is important. It puts us in a more creative mindset.” In her courses, Terry walks clients through 10 ways to boost their brain health, including breathing techniques and walking. “So often, the only people that get to get away from their desks are smokers,” she says. “Giving people time to walk away and reset themselves can be a great tool for upsets in the workplace. Brain awareness can actually help the health of the whole and make it more productive.” Participants also learn about ways to stay focused. “It’s tough in a cubicle,” she sympathizes. “You’ve got split attention with so many people milling around. People have to have that boundary to say, ‘I need to finish what I’m doing.’ If they can manage their focus and problem solving at work, it will result in less illness and stress.” Taylor points out that poor communication and lack of self-awareness at work can also cost employers substantially. “If you’re dealing with a lot of fear and defensiveness, you’re losing creativity, honest conversation, and problem solving,” she says. “When people feel like they can’t contribute their talent, it drags the whole organization down.” Negative culture can lead to high turnover. “It costs about $55,000 to hire an onboard employee over time, “she continues. “When you’re constantly having to train new employees, that’s about a problem in the culture. You can do something about that.” Companies are increasingly using neuroscience in their hiring practices, says Terry. “In Hong Kong, HR departments are considering more about how people think,” she says. “It’s about being able to place the person into the right job based on their strengths.” According to Taylor, learning about how our brains work is ultimately empowering. “The realization dawns on people that they have control over the way they react and respond when their amygdala gets triggered. It’s not only about locus of control, it’s also about accountability,” she says. “When my clients realize that’s happening, that’s a moment of self-awareness that they can get a hold of and change.” Terry would like to see more businesses provide brain training for their employees. “I see a lot of companies investing in physical health but not brain training,” she says. “Our brains are the source of everything we do. There’s a huge need to recognize the importance of that piece as well.”
Manual For Teachers manual for teachers 1. Who Are God's Teachers? 1. A teacher of God is anyone who chooses to be one. His qualifications consist solely in this; somehow, somewhere he has made a deliberate choice in which he did not see his interests as apart from someone else's. Once he has done that, his road is established and his direction is sure. A light has entered the darkness. It may be a single light, but that is enough. He has entered an agreement with God even if he does not yet believe in Him. He has become a bringer of salvation. He has become a teacher of God. 2. They come from all over the world. They come from all religions and from no religion. They are the ones who have answered. The Call is universal. It goes on all the time everywhere. It calls for teachers to speak for It and redeem the world. Many hear It, but few will answer. Yet it is all a matter of time. Everyone will answer in the end, but the end can be a long, long way off. It is because of this that the plan of the teachers was established. Their function is to save time. Each one begins as a single light, but with the Call at its center it is a light that cannot be limited. And each one saves a thousand years of time as the world judges it. To the Call Itself time has no meaning. 3. There is a course for every teacher of God. The form of the course varies greatly. So do the particular teaching aids involved. But the content of the course never changes. Its central theme is always, "God's Son is guiltless, and in his innocence is his salvation." It can be taught by actions or thoughts; in words or soundlessly; in any language or in no language; in any place or time or manner. It does not matter who the teacher was before he heard the Call. He has become a savior by his answering. He has seen someone else as himself. He has therefore found his own salvation and the salvation of the world. In his rebirth is the world reborn. 4. This is a manual for a special curriculum, intended for teachers of a special form of the universal course. There are many thousands of other forms, all with the same outcome. They merely save time. Yet it is time alone that winds on wearily, and the world is very tired now. It is old and worn and without hope. There was never a question of outcome, for what can change the Will of God? But time, with its illusions of change and death, wears out the world and all things in it. Yet time has an ending, and it is this that the teachers of God are appointed to bring about. For time is in their hands. Such was their choice, and it is given them. 2. Who Are Their Pupils? 3. What Are The Levels of Teaching? 1. The teachers of God have no set teaching level. Each teaching-learning situation involves a different relationship at the beginning, although the ultimate goal is always the same; to make of the relationship a holy relationship, in which both can look upon the Son of God as sinless. There is no one from whom a teacher of God cannot learn, so there is no one whom he cannot teach. However, from a practical point of view he cannot meet everyone, nor can everyone find him. Therefore, the plan includes very specific contacts to be made for each teacher of God. There are no accidents in salvation. Those who are to meet will meet, because together they have the potential for a holy relationship. They are ready for each other. 4. What Are The Characteristics of God's Teachers? I. Trust A. Development of Trust 3. First, they must go through what might be called "a period of undoing." This need not be painful, but it usually is so experienced. It seems as if things are being taken away, and it is rarely understood initially that their lack of value is merely being recognized. How can lack of value be perceived unless the perceiver is in a position where he must see things in a different light? He is not yet at a point at which he can make the shift entirely internally. And so the plan will sometimes call for changes in what seem to be external circumstances. These changes are always helpful. When the teacher of God has learned that much, he goes on to the second stage. II. Honesty III. Tolerance IV. Gentleness V. Joy VI. Defenselessness VII. Generosity VIII. Patience IX. Faithfulness X. Open-Mindedness 5. How Is Healing Accomplished? I. The Perceived Purpose of Sickness 2. And what, in this insane conviction, does healing stand for? It symbolizes the defeat of God's Son and the triumph of his Father over him. It represents the ultimate defiance in a direct form which the Son of God is forced to recognize. It stands for all that he would hide from himself to protect his "life." If he is healed, he is responsible for his thoughts. And if he is responsible for his thoughts, he will be killed to prove to him how weak and pitiful he is. But if he chooses death himself, his weakness is his strength. Now has he given himself what God would give to him, and thus entirely usurped the throne of his Creator. II. The Shift in Perception 1. Healing must occur in exact proportion to which the valuelessness of sickness is recognized. One need but say, "There is no gain at all to me in this" and he is healed. But to say this, one first must recognize certain facts. First, it is obvious that decisions are of the mind, not of the body. If sickness is but a faulty problem-solving approach, it is a decision. And if it is a decision, it is the mind and not the body that makes it. The resistance to recognizing this is enormous, because the existence of the world as you perceive it depends on the body being the decision maker. Terms like "instincts," "reflexes" and the like represent attempts to endow the body with non-mental motivators. Actually, such terms merely state or describe the problem. They do not answer it. III. The Function of the Teacher of God 6. Is Healing Certain? 7. Should Healing Be Repeated? 1. This question really answers itself. Healing cannot be repeated. If the patient is healed, what remains to heal him from? And if the healing is certain, as we have already said it is, what is there to repeat? For a teacher of God to remain concerned about the result of healing is to limit the healing. It is now the teacher of God himself whose mind needs to be healed. And it is this he must facilitate. He is now the patient, and he must so regard himself. He has made a mistake, and must be willing to change his mind about it. He lacked the trust that makes for giving truly, and so he has not received the benefit of his gift. 2. Whenever a teacher of God has tried to be a channel for healing he has succeeded. Should he be tempted to doubt this, he should not repeat his previous effort. That was already maximal, because the Holy Spirit so accepted it and so used it. Now the teacher of God has only one course to follow. He must use his reason to tell himself that he has given the problem to One Who cannot fail, and must recognize that his own uncertainty is not love but fear, and therefore hate. His position has thus become untenable, for he is offering hate to one to whom he offered love. This is impossible. Having offered love, only love can be received. 3. It is in this that the teacher of God must trust. This is what is really meant by the statement that the one responsibility of the miracle worker is to accept the Atonement for himself. The teacher of God is a miracle worker because he gives the gifts he has received. Yet he must first accept them. He need do no more, nor is there more that he could do. By accepting healing he can give it. If he doubts this, let him remember Who gave the gift and Who received it. Thus is his doubt corrected. He thought the gifts of God could be withdrawn. That was a mistake, but hardly one to stay with. And so the teacher of God can only recognize it for what it is, and let it be corrected for him. 4. One of the most difficult temptations to recognize is that to doubt a healing because of the appearance of continuing symptoms is a mistake in the form of lack of trust. As such it is an attack. Usually it seems to be just the opposite. It does appear unreasonable at first to be told that continued concern is attack. It has all the appearances of love. Yet love without trust is impossible, and doubt and trust cannot coexist. And hate must be the opposite of love, regardless of the form it takes. Doubt not the gift and it is impossible to doubt its result. This is the certainty that gives God's teachers the power to be miracle workers, for they have put their trust in Him. 6. The mistake is always some form of concern with the self to the exclusion of the patient. It is a failure to recognize him as part of the Self, and thus represents a confusion in identity. Conflict about what you are has entered your mind, and you have become deceived about yourself. And you are deceived about yourself because you have denied the Source of your creation. If you are offering only healing, you cannot doubt. If you really want the problem solved, you cannot doubt. If you are certain what the problem is, you cannot doubt. Doubt is the result of conflicting wishes. Be sure of what you want, and doubt becomes impossible. 8. How Can Perception of Order of Difficulties Be Avoided? 1. The belief in order of difficulties is the basis for the world's perception. It rests on differences; on uneven background and shifting foreground, on unequal heights and diverse sizes, on varying degrees of darkness and light, and thousands of contrasts in which each thing seen competes with every other in order to be recognized. A larger object overshadows a smaller one. A brighter thing draws the attention from another with less intensity of appeal. And a more threatening idea, or one conceived of as more desirable by the world's standards, completely upsets the mental balance. What the body's eyes behold is only conflict. Look not to them for peace and understanding. 2. Illusions are always illusions of differences. How could it be otherwise? By definition, an illusion is an attempt to make something real that is regarded as of major importance, but is recognized as being untrue. The mind therefore seeks to make it true out of its intensity of desire to have it for itself. Illusions are travesties of creation; attempts to bring truth to lies. Finding truth unacceptable, the mind revolts against truth and gives itself an illusion of victory. Finding health a burden, it retreats into feverish dreams. And in these dreams the mind is separate, different from other minds, with different interests of its own, and able to gratify its needs at the expense of others. 3. Where do all these differences come from? Certainly they seem to be in the world outside. Yet it is surely the mind that judges what the eyes behold. It is the mind that interprets the eyes' messages and gives them "meaning." And this meaning does not exist in the world outside at all. What is seen as "reality" is simply what the mind prefers. Its hierarchy of values is projected outward, and it sends the body's eyes to find it. The body's eyes will never see except through differences. Yet it is not the messages they bring on which perception rests. Only the mind evaluates their messages, and so only the mind is responsible for seeing. It alone decides whether what is seen is real or illusory, desirable or undesirable, pleasurable or painful. 4. It is in the sorting out and categorizing activities of the mind that errors in perception enter. And it is here correction must be made. The mind classifies what the body's eyes bring to it according to its preconceived values, judging where each sense datum fits best. What basis could be faultier than this? Unrecognized by itself, it has itself asked to be given what will fit into these categories. And having done so, it concludes that the categories must be true. On this the judgment of all differences rests, because it is on this that judgments of the world depend. Can this confused and senseless "reasoning" be depended on for anything? 5. There can be no order of difficulty in healing merely because all sickness is illusion. Is it harder to dispel the belief of the insane in a larger hallucination as opposed to a smaller one? Will he agree more quickly to the unreality of a louder voice he hears than to that of a softer one? Will he dismiss more easily a whispered demand to kill than a shout? And do the number of pitchforks the devils he sees carrying affect their credibility in his perception? His mind has categorized them all as real, and so they are all real to him. When he realizes they are all illusions they will disappear. And so it is with healing. The properties of illusions which seem to make them different are really irrelevant, for their properties are as illusory as they are. 6. The body's eyes will continue to see differences. But the mind that has let itself be healed will no longer acknowledge them. There will be those who seem to be "sicker" than others, and the body's eyes will report their changed appearances as before. But the healed mind will put them all in one category; they are unreal. This is the gift of its Teacher; the understanding that only two categories are meaningful in sorting out the messages the mind receives from what appears to be the outside world. And of these two, but one is real. Just as reality is wholly real, apart from size and shape and time and place--for differences cannot exist within it--so too are illusions without distinctions. The one answer to sickness of any kind is healing. The one answer to all illusions is truth. 10. How Is Judgment Relinquished? 11. How Is Peace Possible in This World? 1. The answer to this question is--one. One wholly perfect teacher, whose learning is complete, suffices. This one, sanctified and redeemed, becomes the Self Who is the Son of God. He who was always wholly spirit now no longer sees himself as a body, or even as in a body. Therefore he is limitless. And being limitless, his thoughts are joined with God's forever and ever. His perception of himself is based upon God's Judgment, not his own. Thus does he share God's Will, and bring His Thoughts to still deluded minds. He is forever one, because he is as God created him. He has accepted Christ, and he is saved. 2. Thus does the son of man become the Son of God. It is not really a change; it is a change of mind. Nothing external alters, but everything internal now reflects only the Love of God. God can no longer be feared, for the mind sees no cause for punishment. God's teachers appear to be many, for that is what is the world's need. Yet being joined in one purpose, and one they share with God, how could they be separate from each other? What does it matter if they then appear in many forms? Their minds are one; their joining is complete. And God works through them now as one, for that is what they are. 3. Why is the illusion of many necessary? Only because reality is not understandable to the deluded. Only very few can hear God's Voice at all, and even they cannot communicate His messages directly through the Spirit which gave them. They need a medium through which communication becomes possible to those who do not realize that they are spirit. A body they can see. A voice they understand and listen to, without the fear that truth would encounter in them. Do not forget that truth can come only where it is welcomed without fear. So do God's teachers need a body, for their unity could not be recognized directly. 4. Yet what makes God's teachers is their recognition of the proper purpose of the body. As they advance in their profession, they become more and more certain that the body's function is but to let God's Voice speak through it to human ears. And these ears will carry to the mind of the hearer messages that are not of this world, and the mind will understand because of their Source. From this understanding will come the recognition, in this new teacher of God, of what the body's purpose really is; the only use there really is for it. This lesson is enough to let the thought of unity come in, and what is one is recognized as one. The teachers of God appear to share the illusion of separation, but because of what they use the body for, they do not believe in the illusion despite appearances. 13. What Is the Real Meaning of Sacrifice? 2. It takes great learning both to realize and to accept the fact that the world has nothing to give. What can the sacrifice of nothing mean? It cannot mean that you have less because of it. There is no sacrifice in the world's terms that does not involve the body. Think a while about what the world calls sacrifice. Power, fame, money, physical pleasure; who is the "hero" to whom all these things belong? Could they mean anything except to a body? Yet a body cannot evaluate. By seeking after such things the mind associates itself with the body, obscuring its Identity and losing sight of what it really is. 3. Once this confusion has occurred, it becomes impossible for the mind to understand that all the "pleasures" of the world are nothing. But what a sacrifice,--and it is sacrifice indeed!--all this entails. Now has the mind condemned itself to seek without finding; to be forever dissatisfied and discontented; to know not what it really wants to find. Who can escape this self-condemnation? Only through God's Word could this be possible. For self-condemnation is a decision about identity, and no one doubts what he believes he is. He can doubt all things, but never this. 4. God's teachers can have no regret on giving up the pleasures of the world. Is it a sacrifice to give up pain? Does an adult resent the giving up of children's toys? Does one whose vision has already glimpsed the face of Christ look back with longing on a slaughter house? No one who has escaped the world and all its ills looks back on it with condemnation. Yet he must rejoice that he is free of all the sacrifice its values would demand of him. To them he sacrifices all his peace. To them he sacrifices all his freedom. And to possess them must he sacrifice his hope of Heaven and remembrance of his Father's Love. Who in his sane mind chooses nothing as a substitute for everything? 5. What is the real meaning of sacrifice? It is the cost of believing in illusions. It is the price that must be paid for the denial of truth. There is no pleasure of the world that does not demand this, for otherwise the pleasure would be seen as pain, and no one asks for pain if he recognizes it. It is the idea of sacrifice that makes him blind. He does not see what he is asking for. And so he seeks it in a thousand ways and in a thousand places, each time believing it is there, and each time disappointed in the end. "Seek but do not find" remains this world's stern decree, and no one who pursues the world's goals can do otherwise. 6. You may believe this course requires sacrifice of all you really hold dear. In one sense this is true, for you hold dear the things that crucify God's Son, and it is the course's aim to set him free. But do not be mistaken about what sacrifice means. It always means the giving up of what you want. And what, O teacher of God, is it that you want? You have been called by God, and you have answered. Would you now sacrifice that Call? Few have heard it as yet, and they can but turn to you. There is no other hope in all the world that they can trust. There is no other voice in all the world that echoes God's. If you would sacrifice the truth, they stay in hell. And if they stay, you will remain with them. 8. Teacher of God, do not forget the meaning of sacrifice, and remember what each decision you make must mean in terms of cost. Decide for God, and everything is given you at no cost at all. Decide against Him, and you choose nothing, at the expense of the awareness of everything. What would you teach? Remember only what you would learn. For it is here that your concern should be. Atonement is for you. Your learning claims it and your learning gives it. The world contains it not. But learn this course and it is yours. God holds out His Word to you, for He has need of teachers. What other way is there to save His Son? 14. How Will the World End? 15. Is Each One to Be Judged in the End? 1. Indeed, yes! No one can escape God's Final Judgment. Who could flee forever from the truth? But the Final Judgment will not come until it is no longer associated with fear. One day each one will welcome it, and on that very day it will be given him. He will hear his sinlessness proclaimed around and around the world, setting it free as God's Final Judgment on him is received. This is the Judgment in which salvation lies. This is the Judgment that will set him free. This is the Judgment in which all things are freed with him. Time pauses as eternity comes near, and silence lies across the world that everyone may hear this Judgment of the Son of God: 2. Is this your judgment on yourself, teacher of God? Do you believe that this is wholly true? No; not yet, not yet. But this is still your goal; why you are here. It is your function to prepare yourself to hear this Judgment and to recognize that it is true. One instant of complete belief in this, and you will go beyond belief to Certainty. One instant out of time can bring time's end. Judge not, for you but judge yourself, and thus delay this Final Judgment. What is your judgment of the world, teacher of God? Have you yet learned to stand aside and hear the Voice of Judgment in yourself? Or do you still attempt to take His role from Him? Learn to be quiet, for His Voice is heard in stillness. And His Judgment comes to all who stand aside in quiet listening, and wait for Him. 3. You who are sometimes sad and sometimes angry; who sometimes feel your just due is not given you, and your best efforts meet with lack of appreciation and even contempt; give up these foolish thoughts! They are too small and meaningless to occupy your holy mind an instant longer. God's Judgment waits for you to set you free. What can the world hold out to you, regardless of your judgments on its gifts, that you would rather have? You will be judged, and judged in fairness and in honesty. There is no deceit in God. His promises are sure. Only remember that. His promises have guaranteed His Judgment, and His alone, will be accepted in the end. It is your function to make that end be soon. It is your function to hold it to your heart, and offer it to all the world to keep it safe. 16. How Should the Teacher of God Spend His Day? 17. How Do God's Teachers Deal with Magic Thoughts? 1. This is a crucial question both for teacher and pupil. If this issue is mishandled, the teacher of God has hurt himself and has also attacked his pupil. This strengthens fear, and makes the magic seem quite real to both of them. How to deal with magic thus becomes a major lesson for the teacher of God to master. His first responsibility in this is not to attack it. If a magic thought arouses anger in any form, God's teacher can be sure that he is strengthening his own belief in sin and has condemned himself. He can be sure as well that he has asked for depression, pain, fear and disaster to come to him. Let him remember, then, it is not this that he would teach, because it is not this that he would learn. 2. There is, however, a temptation to respond to magic in a way that reinforces it. Nor is this always obvious. It can, in fact, be easily concealed beneath a wish to help. It is this double wish that makes the help of little value, and must lead to undesired outcomes. Nor should it be forgotten that the outcome that results will always come to teacher and to pupil alike. How many times has it been emphasized that you give but to yourself? And where could this be better shown than in the kinds of help the teacher of God gives to those who need his aid? Here is his gift most clearly given him. For he will give only what he has chosen for himself. And in this gift is his judgment upon the holy Son of God. 4. Perhaps it will be helpful to remember that no one can be angry at a fact. It is always an interpretation that gives rise to negative emotions, regardless of their seeming justification by what appears as facts. Regardless, too, of the intensity of the anger that is aroused. It may be merely slight irritation, perhaps too mild to be even clearly recognized. Or it may also take the form of intense rage, accompanied by thoughts of violence, fantasied or apparently acted out. It does not matter. All of these reactions are the same. They obscure the truth, and this can never be a matter of degree. Either truth is apparent, or it is not. It cannot be partially recognized. Who is unaware of truth must look upon illusions. 5. Anger in response to perceived magic thoughts is a basic cause of fear. Consider what this reaction means, and its centrality in the world's thought system becomes apparent. A magic thought, by its mere presence, acknowledges a separation from God. It states, in the clearest form possible, that the mind which believes it has a separate will that can oppose the Will of God, also believes it can succeed. That this can hardly be a fact is obvious. Yet that it can be believed as fact is equally obvious. And herein lies the birthplace of guilt. Who usurps the place of God and takes it for himself now has a deadly "enemy." And he must stand alone in his protection, and make himself a shield to keep him safe from fury that can never be abated, and vengeance that can never be satisfied. 9. Madness but seems terrible. In truth it has no power to make anything. Like the magic which becomes its servant, it neither attacks nor protects. To see it and to recognize its thought system is to look on nothing. Can nothing give rise to anger? Hardly so. Remember, then, teacher of God, that anger recognizes a reality that is not there; yet is the anger certain witness that you do believe in it as fact. Now is escape impossible, until you see you have responded to your own interpretation, which you have projected on an outside world. Let this grim sword be taken from you now. There is no death. This sword does not exist. The fear of God is causeless. But His Love is Cause of everything beyond all fear, and thus forever real and always true. 18. How Is Correction Made? 1. Correction of a lasting nature,--and only this is true correction,--cannot be made until the teacher of God has ceased to confuse interpretation with fact, or illusion with truth. If he argues with his pupil about a magic thought, attacks it, tries to establish its error or demonstrate its falsity, he is but witnessing to its reality. Depression is then inevitable, for he has "proved," both to his pupil and himself, that it is their task to escape from what is real. And this can only be impossible. Reality is changeless. Magic thoughts are but illusions. Otherwise salvation would be only the same age-old impossible dream in but another form. Yet the dream of salvation has new content. It is not the form alone in which the difference lies. 2. God's teachers' major lesson is to learn how to react to magic thoughts wholly without anger. Only in this way can they proclaim the truth about themselves. Through them, the Holy Spirit can now speak of the reality of the Son of God. Now He can remind the world of sinlessness, the one unchanged, unchangeable condition of all that God created. Now He can speak the Word of God to listening ears, and bring Christ's vision to eyes that see. Now is He free to teach all minds the truth of what they are, so they will gladly be returned to Him. And now is guilt forgiven, overlooked completely in His sight and in God's Word. 3. Anger but screeches, "Guilt is real!" Reality is blotted out as this insane belief is taken as replacement for God's Word. The body's eyes now "see"; its ears alone can "hear." Its little space and tiny breath become the measure of reality. And truth becomes diminutive and meaningless. Correction has one answer to all this, and to the world that rests on this: You but mistake interpretation for the truth. And you are wrong. But a mistake is not a sin, nor has reality been taken from its throne by your mistakes. God reigns forever, and His laws alone prevail upon you and upon the world. His Love remains the only thing there is. Fear is illusion, for you are like Him. 4. In order to heal, it thus becomes essential for the teacher of God to let all his own mistakes be corrected. If he senses even the faintest hint of irritation in himself as he responds to anyone, let him instantly realize that he has made an interpretation that is not true. Then let him turn within to his eternal Guide, and let Him judge what the response should be. So is he healed, and in his healing is his pupil healed with him. The sole responsibility of God's teacher is to accept the Atonement for himself. Atonement means correction, or the undoing of errors. When this has been accomplished, the teacher of God becomes a miracle worker by definition. His sins have been forgiven him, and he no longer condemns himself. How can he then condemn anyone? And who is there whom his forgiveness can fail to heal? 19. What Is Justice? 20. What Is the Peace of God? 21. What Is the Role of Words in Healing? 2. As symbols, words have quite specific references. Even when they seem most abstract, the picture that comes to mind is apt to be very concrete. Unless a specific referent does occur to the mind in conjunction with the word, the word has little or no practical meaning, and thus cannot help the healing process. The prayer of the heart does not really ask for concrete things. It always requests some kind of experience, the specific things asked for being the bringers of the desired experience in the opinion of the asker. The words, then, are symbols for the things asked for, but the things themselves but stand for the experiences that are hoped for. 22. How Are Healing and Atonement Related?
Skip to main content Welcome, the Hub connects all projects School Features and Student Opportunities for Deeper Learning "The Study of Deeper Learning: Opportunities and Outcomes aimed to determine whether Students attending high schools with a mature and at least moderately well-implemented approach to promoting deeper learning actually experienced different instructional strategies, greater deeper learning opportunities, and better outcomes than they would have had they not attended these schools. The main findings from this study indicated that students in deeper learning network schools did in fact experience different instructional strategies, greater opportunities to engage in deeper learning activities, and more positive results on a range of outcomes than their matched counterparts in comparison sites. This report extends those main findings by investigating the potential facilitating role of certain school features in schools' ability to provide deeper learning opportunities for their students. Researchers examined teachers' survey responses related to their own beliefs about teaching, their assessment of their peers' professional culture, and their assessment of the success of the principal in providing instructional leadership and program coherence. They then asked whether these features help to explain variation in students' reports of their opportunities to engage in deeper learning in their core classes."
Go to National Library of New Zealand Te Puna Mātauranga o Aotearoa Volume 53, 1921 This text is also available in PDF (249 KB) Opens in new window – 423 – Art. XLV.—New Species of Flowering-plants. [Read before the Auckland Institute, 15th December, 1920; received by Editor, 31st December, 1920; issued separately, 12th August, 1921.] 1. Agrostis pallescens Cheesm. n. sp. Affinis A. subulatae Hook. f. (A. Muelleri Benth.) sed tenuior, culmis 3-nodis, nodo superiore supra culmi medium disposito, spiculis stramineis. Annual, densely tufted and often forming a close sward, pale straw-coloured. Culms 3–6 in. high, slender, smooth, erect, 3-noded, the uppermost node high up the culm. Leaves numerous at the base of the culms and shorter than them, very narrow, almost filiform, smooth or very minutely scabrid, erect or somewhat spreading; sheaths long, deeply grooved; ligules thin, scarious. Panicle narrow, but not so much so as in A. subulata, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, ½–1 in. long, straw-coloured; branches in fascicles of 2–4, unequal in length, somewhat spreading, finely scabrid. Spikelets 1/12–1/10 in. long. Two outer glumes slightly unequal, oblonglanceolate, subacute, membranous, scabrid on the keel; margins thin; third or flowering glume about ⅓ shorter, thin and membranous, hyaline, truncate, faintly 5-nerved; awn wanting. Palea not developed. Grain oblong.—A. Muelleri var. paludosa Hack. in Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906), 864. Hob.—South Island: Swamps near the Broken River; T. Kirk! Swamps in the Tasman Valley, not uncommon; T. F. C. 1,500–2,500 ft. Near to A. subulata, but amply distinct in its 3-noded culms, the upper node of which is sometimes situated quite ⅔ of the way up the culm, in the straw-coloured spikelets, and in the broader and more open panicles. In A. subulata the culms are seldom more than 1-hoded, the node being placed near the base of the culm, the panicles are narrow and spike-like, and usually purplish in colour. In addition to the above, A. subulata is always limited to the steep rocky slopes of high mountains, and never occurs in swamps, 2. Atropis chathamica Cheesem. n. sp. Affinis A. Walkeri Cheesem. a qua differt culmis multo robustioribus et laxe caespitosis, paniculis longioribus, spiculis 4–6 floribus. Tall, stout, loosely tufted, perfectly smooth and glabrous, 9–18 in. high. Culms erect or decumbent at the base, 4-noded, the upper node placed above the middle; innovation shoots intravaginal. Leaves numerous, those at the base short and scale-like, membranous, without any lamina; cauline leaves sheathing the whole culm and the greater part of the panicle, perfectly smooth and glabrous, pale whitish-green, folded, grooved, tip cartilaginous, subobtuse; sheaths very large and broad, longer than the blades, split to – 424 – the base, compressed, deeply striate; ligules broad, transversely oblong, membranous. Panicle narrow-linear, 2–6 in. long, rigid, erect, glabrous; branches few, unequal, solitary or 2-nate, more rarely 3-nate, erect, often almost appressed to the rhachis. Spikelets ⅓–¼ in. long, narrow lanceolate, 4–6-flowered. Two outer glumes unequal, the longer one about ⅓ the length of the spikelet, lanceolate, 3-nerved; the shorter one broader, 1-nerved. Flowering-glume oblong-ovate, subacute, faintly 3-nerved, glabrous, or a tuft of fine silky hairs on the callus. Palea nearly as long as the glume, margins ciliate. Hab.—Chatham Islands: Exact locality not stated; F. A. D. Cox! This appears to be a distinct species, easily recognized by the stout loosely-tufted habit, long narrow panicle, and narrow many-flowered spikelets. 3. Plantago Masonae Cheesm. n. sp. Affinis P. triandrae Berggren, sed differt foliis crassis et carnosis, spathulatis lanceolatisve, integerrimis vel dentatis vel pinnatifidis, lobis callosis, floribus minoribus, pedunculis brevissimis. Rootstock short, stout, putting down numerous thick and fleshy rootlets. Leaves many, all radical, spreading, the outer closely appressed to the surface of the ground, thus forming rosettes ½–2 ½ in. diam., very thick and fleshy, greenish blotched with purple, ½–1 ½ in. long, rarely more, ovate- or oblong-spathulate to lanceolate-spathulate, suddenly narrowed into a broad flat petiole of variable length, towards the apex gradually narrowed into a blunt fleshy or almost callous point; margins, with the exception of the triangular tip, regularly and almost pinnatifidly divided into numerous shallow blunt fleshy or callous lobes; upper surface furnished with short whitish jointed hairs that are usually arranged in transverse bands; under-surface glabrous or nearly so; base of the leaf usually furnished with longer brownish tortuous hairs, but sometimes almost glabrous. Flowers minute, solitary in the axils of the leaves; peduncles wanting or nearly so, apparently not elongating in fruit. Bract ovate, minute. Calyx-segments 4, ovate, obtuse. Corolla-tube three times the length of the calyx in the flowering period; limb 4-lobed, lobes oblong, obtuse. Stamens invariably 4 in all the numerous flowers examined. Capsule globose; seeds numerous, 10–20. Hab.—North Island: Sea-cliffs at Manaia, Taranaki, often in localities well washed with sea-spray; Mrs. F. Mason!. This is evidently a close ally of P. triandra Berggren, but differs in the more robust habit, very fleshy and proportionately much broader leaves with obtuse callous tips, more minute sessile flowers the peduncles of which apparently do not lengthen in fruit, in the stamens being always 4, and in the smaller capsules. I have pleasure in associating the plant with the name of its discoverer, to whom I am much indebted for information respecting the vegetation of south-western Taranaki. 4. Colobanthus strictus Cheesm. n. sp. Dense pulvinatus glaberrimus, foliis arcte imbricatis, strictis, erectis, rigidis, lineari-subulatis, supra canaliculatis, apicibus piliferis: sepalis 5, basi late ovatis, incrassatis, supra longe attenuatis. A perfectly glabrous densely-tufted rigid plant, forming hemispherical cushions 1–3 in. diam. Leaves numerous, densely imbricated all round the – 425 – branches, straight or slightly curved, strict, erect, broad and membranous and sheathing the branch at the base, above rigid and coriaceous and gradually narrowed into a straight acicular apex, channelled above, convex beneath, ⅓–⅔ in. long. Peduncles terminating the branchlets, stout, shorter than the leaves, stiffly erect. Sepals 5, broadly ovate at the base, suddenly narrowed into long acicular points half as long again as the capsule.—C. Muelleri var. strictus Cheesem., Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906), 68. Hob.—South Island: Upper Clarence Valley, near Lake Tennyson; T.F.C. Shingly flats in the Tasman and Hooker Valleys; T.F.C. Dunstan Mountains; Petrie! Altitudinal range, 2,500–3,500 ft. In the first edition of the Manual I treated this as a variety of C. Muelleri; but since then I have had opportunities of studying it in the Mount Cook district, where it is not uncommon, and have now no hesitation in constituting it a distinct species. It is mainly distinguished by the short, strict, erect leaves, and broad calyx-lobes which are suddenly narrowed into long acicular points much exceeding the capsules. 5. Colobanthus Hookeri Cheesm. new comb. A small densely tufted moss-like plant, forming small rounded patches 1–1½ in. across, smooth and glabrous in all its parts. Leaves closely imbricate, ⅙–¼ in. long, strict and rigid, subulate, tapering from the base to a short acicular apex, channelled above, convex below, sometimes with a groove between the midrib and the margin. Flowers terminal, solitary; peduncles short, the flowers slightly exceeding the uppermost leaves. Sepals 5, ovate-subulate, thickened at the base, acute or very shortly mucronate, equalling or very slightly exceeding the capsule. Stamens always 5.—C. subulatus Hook, f., Fl. Antarct., i (1844), 13, but not Sagina subulata D'Urv., Fl. Ins. Mal. (1826), 617, or Fl. Antarct., ii (1847), 247, t. 93. C. subulatus Hook. f., Handb. N.Z. Fl. (1864), 25. C. Benthamianus Cheesem., Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906), 68, but not of Fenzl. Hab.—Auckland and Campbell Island: Hooker, Kirk! Aston! This is the plant long known to New Zealand botanists as Colobanthus subulatus. But in the Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand (ii, p. 402) I have pointed out that the plate of C. subulatus given in the Flora Antarctica (ii, t. 93) under the name of Sagina subulata represents a plant with a much more lax habit than the Auckland and Campbell Islands species; and that the sepals are only 4 in number, instead of 5. I think that it is quite clear that the New Zealand plant differs in several important characters from the Fuegan and Falkland Island species, and, as the name subulata must remain with the South American plant, I have applied the name Colobanthus Hookeri (in memory of its original discoverer) to the species found within the New Zealand area. I have not seen any South Island specimens that I can refer to the species, although three localities are quoted by Hooker. Possibly they represent small states of C. acicularis.
Category: technology articles How Secure Is Your Operating System? May 31, 2018 technology articles Comments Off on How Secure Is Your Operating System? Ever wonder how secure your information truly is? What security protocols do you practice? Maybe creating a password? Locking the computer so others cannot access your data? Bypassing windows passwords only takes a minute or less and the windows 10 installation disk. Thus far, I have been successful in using the Windows 10 disk to bypass account passwords and even activating deactivated accounts on Windows Server 2012, Windows 10, Windows 7, and Windows 8.1. I have yet to test the technique to bypass locked computer accounts in Windows XP and Vista, but I do not foresee any complications with those operating systems. Before you think this makes you safer because you use Mac OS X. I have also been able to bypass root level account passwords on a MacBook Pro, running Mac OS X (10.10) Yosemite operating system, using built-in Apple commands. This method also took less than a minute to accomplish. The security implemented in an operating system and accounts always has a level of vulnerability. Most security measures are feel good methods. Username and passwords, for example, represent single level authentication, identifying who you are, the username and proof that you are who you are, the password. It is said for modern security protocols to require the username to be unique and the password to have a minimum of 16 characters and a random combination of uppercase, lowercase, numbers and special characters to be utilized. 16 digits the extent of the average person to remember their own passwords. With the growing technological advancements of computer processing power, such passwords will eventually be capable of being broken in shorter amounts of time, eventually making them completely useless. Most operating systems store username and password combinations as hash algorithms in specific files that can be viewed as plain text, resulting in the need for passwords to be ultimately obsolete. Stating those facts does not mean “So, why bother?” with username and passwords. Passwords do stop the average person from gaining access and some level of security is better than no level of security. There, of course, are other ways to better secure your operating systems, preventing the method mentioned here from being capable of being utilized. Data at rest encryption, for example, is an option at the operating system level. This means a decryption process must occur prior to the operating system boot. 2 factor and 3-factor authentication also increase the security level of your operating system. CAC (Common Access Cac) cards, commonly utilized by the DoD and other government agencies are a prime example of 2-factor authentication. The first factor, requiring the card itself that maintains encrypted certificates to identify who you are and who you say you are, plus the second factor of a pin as secondary proof. 3-factor authentication would include features such as biometrics. Keep in mind, even with all of these methods being utilized. There is no such thing as a 100% secure system. Googling Your Corporate Secrets Google & Your Website – A Blind Alliance Assume you have a website “onlineshopperdotcom” and when you search it on Google with keywords “online shopper website” you might get a sneak peek on the page results of your website and other websites relating to your keyword. That’s quite universal as we all urge to have our websites searched and indexed by Google. This is quite common for all e-commerce websites. A. Your website “onlineshopperdotcom” is directly allied with Google. B. Your website & your web server (where you have all usernames & passwords saved) are directly allied with each other. C. Alarmingly, Google is indirectly allied to your web server. You might be convinced that this is normal and may not expect a phishing attack using Google to retrieve any information from your web server. Now given a second thought, instead of searching “online shopper website” on Google, what if I search “online shopper website usernames and passwords”, will Google be able to give the list of usernames and passwords for online shopper website? As a security consultant, the answer will be “MAYBE, SOMETIMES!”, but if you use Google dorks (proper keywords for accessing Google), the answer will be a big “YES!” if your website ends up with mislaid security configurations. Google Dorks can be intimidating. Google pops in as a serving guardian until you see the other side of it. Google may have answers to all your queries, but you need to frame your questions properly and that’s where GOOGLE DORKS pitches in. It’s not a complicated software to install, execute and wait for results, instead it’s a combination of keywords (intitle, inurl, site, intext, allinurl etc) with which you can access Google to get what you are exactly after. For example, your objective is to download pdf documents related to JAVA, the normal Google search will be “java pdf document free download” (free is a mandatory keyword without which any Google search is not complete). But when you use Google dorks, your search will be “filetype: pdf intext: java”. Now with these keywords, Google will understand what exactly you are looking for than your previous search. Also, you will get more accurate results. That seems promising for an effective Google search. However, attackers can use these keyword searches for a very different purpose – to steal/extract information from your website/server. Now assuming I need usernames and passwords which are cached in servers, I can use a simple query like this. “filetype:xls passwords site: in”, this will give you Google results of cached contents from different websites in India which have usernames and passwords saved in it. It is as simple as that. In relation to online shopper website, if I use a query “filetype:xls passwords” the results might dismay anyone. In simple terms, your private or sensitive information will be available on the internet, not because someone hacked your information but because Google was able to retrieve it free of cost. How to prevent this? The file named “robots.txt” (often referred to as web robots, wanderers, crawlers, spiders) is a program that can traverse the web automatically. Many search engines like Google, Bing, and Yahoo use robots.txt to scan websites and extract information. robots.txt is a file that gives permission to search engines what to access & what not to access from the website. It is a kind of control you have over search engines. Configuring Google dorks isn’t rocket science, you need to know which information to be allowed and not allowed in search engines. Sample configuration of robots.txt will look like this. Allow: /website-contents Disallow: /user-details Disallow: /admin-details Sadly, these robots.txt configurations are often missed or configured inappropriately by website designers. Shockingly, most of the government & college websites in India are prone to this attack, revealing all sensitive information about their websites. With malware, remote attacks, botnets & other types of high-end threats flooding the internet, Google dork can be more threatening since it requires a working internet connection in any device to retrieve any sensitive information. This doesn’t end with retrieving sensitive information alone, using Google dorks anyone can access vulnerable CCTV cameras, modems, mail usernames, passwords and online order details just by searching Google.
Language model: the anticipation of coherent words\| Authôt \| The study of the language model in speech recognition Language model: the anticipation of coherent words language model and speech recognition We have seen in our previous articles how the system is able to recognize words, and the importance of pronunciation. We also concluded that the system could recognize a sequence of inconsistent words. In this article we will focus on the language model and describe how to force the detection of coherent sentences. Phrase recognition using the language model In order to force the detection of more coherent sentences, we use the language model. The language model, just like the acoustic model, is built on a statistical study. There are many methods, but here we will focus specifically on the n-gram model. During the learning phase, large quantities of texts are analyzed in order to estimate the conditional probability of word. This means that for each word present in a text, we will study the probability that this word appears by knowing the last n 1 words. This study, when carried out on a large amount of text, makes it possible to model links between words. It is more likely that a verb will be preceded by a subject or that an adjective will be preceded or followed by a name. Indeed, in texts used during the learning process, these cases will be further considered. During the decoding phase, we use the pre-calculated statistics to predict a future word with the previous word. For example, it will be more likely to observe this sequence of words "I want to eat a tomato",rather than "I want to hit a tomato", and even more likely than "I want to eat a carpet". All these probabilities are modelled in the form of a graph called a Word Lattice. language model and word lattice Figure 1: Example of a Word Lattice Thanks to the language model we are able to create probabilistic links between words, which allows us to obtain a more logical sequence of words. The flaw is that the speech contains syntax errors, hesitations and formulations specific to a spoken language. This is simply because we do not speak in the same way as we write. For example, while it is more common to say ”Went to Barcelona for the weekend. Lots to tell you. ", it is more common to write ”We went to Barcelona for the weekend. We have a lot of things to tell you. ”. It will be more challenging to model these differences. Decoding: the transformation of speech into text We saw the acoustic model, the pronunciation model and the language model. We have seen all the steps involved in transcribing an audio file into text. The decoding phase, by a combination of the three models, makes it possible to predict the sentences most likely pronounced by a person. Here is a diagram summarizing the process. language model and pronunciation model Figure 2: Summary of the different models This concludes our R&D series which aims to show you how the system is able to make the link between: – an audio file containing speech, – the pronounced text. In these 3 articles, we looked at the question of phonemes, the importance of pronunciation, and finally how the language model allows the system to make the word sequences coherent. All these steps are essential to understand how speech recognition technology works. Authot. You speak. We write. 0.00 avg. rating (0% score) - 0 votes Related Posts Speech production system 4 August 2016
Category:Coinage of the Samanid Empire From CoinFactsWiki Jump to: navigation, search This category lists the coinage issued by the Samanid Empire. The Samanids were the first native dynasty to emerge since the Muslim Arab conquest, defeating the Saffarids, and replacing Arabic with Persian as the official language. They were established in 819 AD. At their maximum extent, the Samanids ruled over eastern Iran, Afghanistan, and other parts of central Asia including Uzbekistan. They eventually became weak and Turkic slave commanders (the Ghaznavids) took control of all Samanid lands south of the Oxus River. Their capital in Bukhara (Uzbekistan) was seized by the Karakhanids in 999 AD, ending the dynasty. Pages in category "Coinage of the Samanid Empire"
Who Invented Facebook In which Year Who Invented Facebook In Which Year - On the Fourth February Facebook transformed 14 years of ages. Currently among the most significant business worldwide, it's come to be a day-to-day fixture of millions of lives everywhere. Services, as well, have located their location from market titans to the quaint cafe in a small town of a couple of hundred individuals. So just how did one young US student go from coding in his dormitory to the head of one of one of the most essential and influential technology firms in history? Who Invented Facebook In Which Year Zuckerberg starts Mark Zuckerberg took the initial steps of his course at a very early age. Clearly comprehending the significance of coding, Zuckerberg's dad Edward instructed him Atari BASIC computer system programs. It really did not take wish for his abilities to become obvious. When he was 11, his moms and dads worked with a software program developer named David Newman to tutor him. Newman to this day calls Zuckerberg a "prodigy". Within a few years, Zuckerberg developed an incredibly functional programme: ZuckNet. His father ran a dental professionals out of the house and also desired a basic method for the assistant to call him without yelling with their home. ZuckNet, which worked like an internal split second messaging system, did simply that. While going to Phillips Exeter Academy, an elite boarding institution, his drive to develop did not ease off. He drew in interest from AOL and Microsoft. The wanted to purchase Synapse, an item of software program that learned a customer's songs preference through AI and also listening practices he created with a buddy, and provide him a work. Ultimately, he turned it down and establish his sites on Harvard. It's below where the origins of Facebook can be located. It's a decision he not likely remorses now. Having actually refused 2 of the greatest technology firms worldwide, Zuckerberg avoided to Harvard in 2002. Plainly he had bigger plans. He decided to major in psychology, however took lots of computer technology classes in addition to it. Initially the psychology choice appears odd. Why not major in programs or something similar? But when you consider Facebook's nature, the supposed 'addicting' nature of the sort, remarks, and jabs, the psychology part ends up being more clear. Facebook from the off pulls you into share individual details and choose interaction from other people. Being able to create something like this must include some knowledge of the human mind. Zukerberg attracts his first big conflict in October, 2003. He produces as well as published Facemash, a site that allows Harvard pupils evaluate the appearance of each other to create rankings (just like the Hot or otherwise site that released in 2000). As he didn't actually get consent to utilize pupil pictures, unsurprisingly several were not happy with his job. Within a couple of hours the website had actually seen 22k photo views, yet within a couple of days it was closed down. He was taken front of the Harvard Administration Board. With the danger of expulsion on the table, the board lastly chose to allow him stay. After a public apology he went on from his first brush with authority and also set his sights on his following project. After that, ultimately, in December, 2009, Facebook hits a significant turning point. With 350m registered customers and 132m distinct regular monthly customers, it comes to be one of the most popular social system in the world. Certainly, the business wasn't intending to leave it at that. The list below year saw whole lots extra tweaking and also modifications, such as the ability to such as comments and also renovations to photo tagging. July saw the number of registered individuals hit 500m, while the end of the year saw a big valuation of the firm. In November, 2010 Facebook was valued at an enormous $41bn. On the other hand it became the 3rd largest internet firm in the United States, resting behind Google as well as Amazon. All of this being achieved in under five years without any indicator of development slowing down. Another massive turning point was reached the following year. June, 2011 saw Facebook reach 1 trillion page sights, inning accordance with a study by DoubleClick. And afterwards, for the year in general, Nielsen discovered the site was the Second most visited in the USA. August also saw the launch of Facebook Carrier as a standalone application. This followed the business got Beluga, a team messaging solution, back in March. Facebook had currently end up being a massive name, a worldwide utilized site, and also ahead of the social media change. Not too shabby from somebody that was still in school just a couple of years prior. Iklan Atas Artikel Iklan Tengah Artikel 1 Iklan Tengah Artikel 2 Iklan Bawah Artikel
Skip to content Commercial and Patent Incentives Reduce Study of Drugs that Prevent Disease An article in the New York Times (NYT) describes the perverse incentives that make it more profitable for private drug companies to produce drugs that improve survival marginally in late-stage cancers than to produce drugs that prevent cancer in the first place. It is a medical axiom that the best way to cure a disease is to prevent it from occurring in the first place (“an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.”) However, when we survey the medical literature, we find very few studies of drugs that prevent disease, especially cancers. The reason for this is the perverse incentives of patent exclusivity. The developers of a drug are given 20 years to exclusively produce (or license others to produce) that drug. On average, after clinical studies are complete, there are 12.5 years left of exclusivity for the company to profitably sell a drug. This incentive works against clinical studies that take many years to complete. By definition, a drug that prevents disease will take much longer to show significant results than a drug which treats the disease after it has already appeared. In many cases, prevention lasts a lifetime: 70 years or more, much longer than the patent exclusivity period. The article refers to research done by Eric Budish, Benjamin N. Roin, and Heidi Williams that shows how this works for cancer drugs. The abstract of the study concludes: … we document several sources of evidence that together show private research investments are distorted away from long-term projects. The value of life-years at stake appears large. We analyze three potential policy responses: surrogate (non-mortality) clinical-trial endpoints, targeted R&D subsidies, and patent design. A good example (in a non-cancer context) is the case of Lipitor, formerly a widely advertised and popular drug that had patent exclusivity for Pfizer and made them a great deal of money. It took many years for a study to appear that had adequate statistical strength to prove that it lengthened lives. By the time this information was available and accepted by a preponderance of medical doctors, the patent had expired and there was no longer any financial incentive for Pfizer to advertise it or to sponsor studies of its use. Despite the loss of patent protection, atorvastatin has come to be used for many other things than hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol and high fats in the blood): for example, atorvastatin has been used for progeria, polycystic ovary syndrome, transient ischemic attacks (mini-strokes), type 2 diabetes (the most common type), coronary artery disease (obstruction of the arteries that supply the heart muscle with blood, that leads to heart attacks), peripheral artery disease (obstruction of peripheral arteries), arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis generally, after a heart attack to prevent further damage, and so on. Most of these diseases are directly related to hyperlipidemia, but polycystic ovaries and progeria are not. Studies of high doses of atorvastatin given to patients with severe coronary artery disease, especially after heart attacks, have already shown that it lengthens the life span of people who take it. The main side effects, muscle pain and weakness, may require a patient to discontinue the drug, but most patients tolerate it extremely well with no side effects. It will take many more years to prove that atorvastatin lengthens the lives of people who merely have high cholesterol; some studies already suggest that administration of the drug to otherwise normal individuals has advantages. One approach that reduces this problem is to look for “surrogate end points”, a method that has helped in the development of drugs for AIDS. In this approach, blood tests or other tests, even symptoms and signs, are used to determine if the drug shows any indications that it may improve survival in the long run. For AIDS, the surrogate end points are such things as the number of T cells in the blood. Very low numbers are associated with severe, end-stage AIDS, and drugs that can increase the number of T cells will usually improve survival, despite unpleasant side effects. Drugs that improve the patient’s weight, strength, and other outward signs of illness can also be used as surrogate markers. The article discusses other approaches that may improve the incentives to produce drugs that prevent cancer, but it concludes: Drug patents incentivize innovation, and F.D.A. approval is a check regarding drug safety and efficacy. The way they work together affects the incentives for research and could reduce something many would view as highly valuable: cancer prevention. The approach that is not discussed in the article is the only one that is certain to improve incentives: government sponsorship of drug development for specific long term purposes. If the federal government were to set up a program that looked for and developed drugs that improve long term survival and well-being, the problem of perverse incentives would be overcome with a single stroke. This idea is sure to be controversial because it sets up the government in competition with private drug companies; if it can be made clear that development will proceed in parallel and that the government will only develop drugs with long term benefit, drugs in which the private companies have no financial interest, it may be possible to further proceed in this direction. The only alternative, the condition that exists today, is for naturopaths and other “quacks” to produce and sell drugs that have anecdotal evidence for benefits, hardly a productive state of affairs. No comments yet Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s %d bloggers like this:
Real Exchange Rates And Purchasing Power Parity Finance Essay The construct of the existent exchange rate is one of the most controversial issues in economic theory. It plays a really decisive function in the economic wellbeing of a state ( normally an unfastened economic system ) in the sense that it helps a state maintain and carry on a cautious and distinct pecuniary policy. Hire a custom writer who has experience. It's time for you to submit amazing papers! order now Harmonizing to ( Pilbeam, 2006 ) , the existent exchange rate can be defined as the nominal exchange rate adjusted for comparative monetary values between the states under consideration. In the words of ( Gandolfo, 2000 ) , “ A widely held sentiment is that the existent exchange rate should give a step of the external fight of a state ‘s goods and the international trade of a state. Simply put, the existent rate can be viewed as the nominal exchange rate which takes into awareness the differences in rising prices or monetary value degrees among states involved. The existent exchange rate is made up of assorted constituents and can be expressed as: Qt = St – Pt + Pt ( 1 ) Qt = The log of existent exchange rate St = The log of nominal exchange rate Pt = The log of domestic monetary value degree Pt= The log of foreign monetary value degree In a instance whereby buying power para holds absolutely, Qt would be a changeless and therefore, combining weight ( 1 ) would be rewritten as: Pt + St = Qt + Pt. The PPP construct is one of the oldest and most controversial relationships in the theory of exchange rates and a really of import mechanism in international economic sciences. It is the basis and cardinal edifice block of the pecuniary theoretical accounts of exchange rate finding ( Dornbucsh, 1976 ; Mussa, 1982 ) . It is by and large attributed to the Hagiographas of Swedish economic expert, Gustav Cassel in the 1920s, even though its rational beginnings day of the month back to the plants of 19th century British economic expert, David Ricardo ( Pilbeam, 2006 ) . The nucleus model underlying the theory suggests that goods monetary values worldwide must be equal as a consequence of arbitrage forces every bit long as the monetary values are measured in the same currency and it can besides be viewed in footings of the fact that the exchange rates should equalise the national monetary value degrees of different states in footings of a common currency. As such, the PPP supports the finding of the long tally equilibrium existent exchange rate and therefore allows us to analyze the development of the comparative buying power in two states ( Duarte, 1997 ) . Therefore, the PPP reflects the jurisprudence of one monetary value which in its absolute signifier provinces that a common basket of goods expressed in the same currency costs the same in all states and in its comparative signifier provinces that the rate of alteration in the nominal exchange rate peers the derived function between the growing rates in the hom and foreign monetary value indices. This status ensures that the buying power in footings of goods for each currency is the same regardless of where person uses the currency to purchase goods. The exchange rates are really of import for practical intents such as puting of exchange rate paras, comparing of international income degrees and other policy grounds. The para status remainders on the premise of perfect inter-country trade good arbitrage, and is the cardinal edifice block of many theoretical and empirical theoretical accounts of exchange rate finding, ( Rogoff, 1996 ) and ( Froot and Rogoff, 1995 ) . A better step for capturing the fluctuations in the overall value of a currency is the existent exchange rate. Initially, empirical surveies such as ( Frenkel, 1981 ; Branson, 1981 ; Adler and Lehmann, 1983 ) were non in favor of PPP. This was mostly due to the fact that institutional factors such as dealing costs, trade barriers and limitations, revenue enhancement, non-tariff barrier, being of non traded goods, subsidies, differences in assets ‘ hazard and liquidness, capital controls, monetary value favoritism policies, foreign exchange and other trade hindrances were non good addressed and specified in their theoretical account which finally led tot restrictions in the utility of their analysis. This is besides the instance where neither the goods market nor capital markets are absolutely competitory which is a suited account to why one may anticipate PPP to keep merely in the long tally and non in the short tally. Most empirical groundss and Hagiographas provide significant grounds that the velocity of convergence of existent exchange rates to PPP is really slow and as a affair of fact, a big bulk of surveies such as ( Roll, 1979 ; Adler and Lehmann, 1983 ; Darby, 1983 ; Huizinga, 1987 ) reveal that the existent exchange rate follows a random walk and to farther buttress this, other surveies such as ( Corbae and Ouliaris, 1988 ; Enders, 1988 ; Taylor, 1988 ; Mark, 1990 ) besides fail to set up a cointegrating relationship between nominal exchange rates and their comparative monetary values. These surveies therefore reveal that divergences from the PPP are about lasting and persist over a really long period of clip. In contrast to this, ( Frankel and Rose, 1996 ; Lothian, 1997 ; Pappel, 1997 ; Pappel and Theodoridis, 1998 ) reveal that the existent exchange rate depicts a strong grounds of average reversion by implementing the panel information discrepancies of standard unit root trials. However, late a figure of alternate surveies show that the divergences from PPP are largely attributed to the presence of market and trade clashs that disrupt international trade and arbitrage. Dynamic general equilibrium theoretical accounts of existent exchange rate finding were developed by ( Dumas, 1992 ; Uppal, 1993 ; Sercu, Uppal and Van Hulle, 1995 ; Benninga and Protopapadakis, 1988 ) . These equilibrium theoretical accounts take minutess costs into consideration and besides provide significant grounds that the accommodation of existent exchange rates towards accomplishing equilibrium in buying power para is non additive. Therefore, as implied by the theoretical accounts, in the presence of dealing costs or trading costs, the existent exchange rates are bewildered with relentless divergences from the PPP. These theoretical accounts predict that there exists some ‘bands of inactivity ‘ in exchange rate accommodation whose breadth is related to the uncertainness sing the permanency of the dazes doing monetary value alterations within which arbitrage is non profitable due to drop costs ( Dixit, 1989 ; Krugman 1989 ) . Besides, the premise of instantaneous goods arbitrage at the borders of the set leads to the presence of barriers. Therefore, when no trade takes topographic point, the procedure is normally divergent thereby making an avenue for the exchange rate to float off from the equilibrium or para degree. This procedure therefore shows that the existent exchange rate does non follow a random walk, which is an resistance to the findings of ( Roll, 1979 ; Adler and Lehmann, 1983 ; and Darby, 1983 ) . However, ( Coleman, 1995 ) suggests that the premise of instantaneous trade should be replaced with the fact that the procedure of transporting goods takes clip. A figure of empirical documents have been put frontward in order to prove the cogency of the general equilibrium theoretical accounts. For illustration, ( Michael, Nobay and Peel, 1977 ; and Baum, Cagalayan and Barkoulas, 1998 ) find that the average reversion is important for ample divergences from PPP utilizing exponential smooth passage autoregression ( ESTAR ) theoretical accounts, ( Cheung, Chinn and Fujii, 1999 ) find that exchange rate uncertainness has a negative consequence on average reversion coefficients. Besides, ( Obstfeld and Taylor, 1997 ) use a threshold autoregression ( TAR ) theoretical account that allows for convergence velocities to differ across two separate regimes-one when divergence from PPP is inside the set and the other when it is outside the set and happen that the grade of average reversion is stronger in the latter than in the former. The long tally PPP, with the exclusion of the ‘no dealing costs ‘ premise can be expressed as: St = Log of nominal exchange rate ( the foreign monetary value of domestic currency ) Pt = Log of the foreign monetary value index Pt = Log of the domestic monetary value index degree Celsiuss = Changeless Yt= A stationary mistake term stand foring the divergences from PPP. The conventional theoretical accounts assume a additive procedure for Yt, which implies that the procedure of accommodation is uninterrupted and moves at a changeless velocity. Recent developments in PPP nevertheless extend the effects of the traditional theoretical accounts merely by admiting the fact that trade hindrances such as dealing costs, duty and non duty barriers, information and transit cost, make the exchange rates adjust towards para in a non additive manner and empirical groundss of this can be seen in the Hagiographas of ( Davutyan and Pippenger, 1990 ) . Even more late, ( Michael, Nobay and Peel, 1994a ; Obstfeld and Taylor, 1997 ) have investigated the nature of the accommodation procedure in footings of a threshold autoregressive ( TAR ) theoretical account ( Tong, 1990 ) . The TAR theoretical account which was applied by both surveies acknowledges that no accommodation in divergences from PPP takes topographic point within the minutess costs band so that the divergences off from para may possess a unit root characteristic while Yt shows a average returning behavior outside the set. Similarly, the non additive accommodation procedure and cogency of the PPP can be reviewed utilizing the smooth passage autoregression ( Granger and Terasvirta, 1993 ) . In the STAR theoretical account, the effect of non one-dimensionality of exchange rate is that the velocity of accommodation to parity degree depends on the grade of the divergence from para or equilibrium. I'm Heather Check it out
Child Protection Child protection is used to describe a set of services designed to protect children and young people who are underage and to encourage family stability. These typically include foster care, adoption services, services aimed at supporting at-risk families so they can remain intact, and investigation of alleged child abuse. Most children who come to the attention of the child welfare system do so because of any of the following situations, which are often collectively termed child abuse: Child sexual abuse Neglect including the failure to take adequate measures to safeguard a child from harm and/or gross negligence in providing for a child’s basic needs: Physical abuse Psychological abuse
Bratislava Castle One of the most prominent structures in the city is Bratislava Castle. Sat 85 metres (279 ft) above the Danube. The “upside down table” as it is affectionately known by locals, is an imposing glaringly white block. You can see it from most places as it looms, in an almost affectionate way, over the town . The castle was converted into a Gothic anti-Hussite fortress under Sigismund of Luxemburg in 1430, became a Renaissance castle in 1562 and was rebuilt in 1649 in a baroque style. 10389193_10152153947972353_8355655988821787731_n 10151968_10152153947947353_985262388064759943_n In 1811, the castle was destroyed by fire and lay in ruins until the 1950s when it was rebuilt mostly in its former Theresian style. As usual we whisked around the outside but refused to pay to go in! I have a lot of exterior memories of places . . . Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
Poverty is a cruel thing … Day Eighteen: Hone a Point of View First person, second person, third person, whew! Point of view is a type of narrative mode, which is the method by which a story’s plot is conveyed to the audience. Point of view reveals not only who is telling the story, but also how it is told. Consider a recent short story published on The Worship Collective, “Funny Things,” in which the narrator is a child who has passed away. Need a refresher on first-person narration? Recall Scout Finch, the six-year-old first-person narrator of Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird. Scout tells the story through her eyes: Mrs Pauley was quiet but friendly neighbour. I had known her since I was old enough to recognize the inhabitants on this street. I thought back to Mr. Pauley. How he had used the garage for a workshop. The small battery powered small car, that he let the neighbourhood kids play on in the alley behind his house. Once upon a time it had been a “Barbie” car. Pink. Yet for an eight year old, it was dream come true. Up and down the alley in a small cloud of dirt dust. I had revelled in the seeming freedom, that electric motion had given us. A small taste of what adult cars would bring. My sister, Adele, was a year and a half younger. We shared the rides, one or the other in the small interior seat. Squished up against each other. We would argue over who’s turn next to press the pedal, that made it go. Mr. Pauley, then a small figure of a man. Stood patiently or sat in the plastic chair, from the workshop. Watching to allow us to play. Waving down any passing motorist along the alley. Thanking them for going slow, around the play area. The cones that depicted it. Mr and Mrs. Pauley had children of their own. All grown and gone. To other parts. All except George. “Georgie boy”, who would visit once in a while. He looked a lot like Mr. Pauley. Slight build. Greasy hair, with a rag tag beard and blue jeans. He never stayed long. Mrs. Pauley was grey-haired and dumpy compared to my mother. Mom was still young, vibrant and cheerful. Mrs. Pauley … Edna. Was bowed down with work and raising six boys we had never seen. Except for Georgie boy, of course. Their photos were all on the mantelpiece, for the world to see. Poses with smiles and children, that were their own. A few of the pictures were just young men looking out past the camera lens. No children. Just like Georgie boy. Here I sat on my stoop watching. For this was a grown-up state of affairs. The police were there, as too Mr Davis. Landlord for these small houses of working folks. There was another car parked at the kerb. One that a small, heavy-set woman had emerged from. She was arguing with both police and Davis, the landlord. Mr Pauley had died last spring. As too all the cheerful rides and happy hellos, given by him. It was now late summer and the air was hot and humid. Snatches of conversation drifted across the street. Fragments of a larger one. Recrimination and a pleading for some human sense of compassions. How the longevity of their stay should be recognized. The younger woman, was trying to be calm in the face of mounting tensions and emotions. It was difficult for her too. It seemed she was from social services? Here to stand up for Mrs. Pauley in the face of an aggression, from authority. She had a phone in her hand, consulting with whoever it was on the other end. Mrs. Pauley, Edna, was grey faced and streaks of tears, ran down her normally placid face. She said things like, “if my husband were here”? The police too, looked uncomfortable. For they were reminded that this might be their mothers. Some of Edna’s furniture had been pulled onto the lawn. A lawn that was now shaggy from being uncut. A wooden chair lay on its side. My mother came out and stood beside me, on the veranda. She held a cloth in her hand, drying them. She stood and said nothing, watching the scene across the road. Mom stood and pulled the clinging shirt from her arms and muttered something about rain later that day. She went back into the cool interior, to reemerge some minutes later with a tray of drinks. Lemonade, that she took across the street and offered around. The woman with the phone was grateful. The ruckus subsided as the participants drank. The phone in the stout woman’s hand rang. After a brief but meaningful conversation. I could see her turn to the cops and Davis. “It’s arranged”, she said. The four of them lapsed back into more reasonable tones. They got back into their vehicles and left. Mrs Pauley dried her tears and began to look happy. My mother came back with the empty glasses. “Mrs. Pauley’s been evicted”, she said. “Mrs. Lacey, has found her somewhere else to live”, my mother added, with a relieved tone in her voice. “What about her stuff, I asked”? “They will come and move it by the weekend”, my mother said with a grim look. Mom added, “that’s what forty years of living and being a part of our street gets you”. “Tossed aside, like so much garbage”. An odd thing for Mom to say? I continued to sit and watch. Remembering those times when Adele and I barreled down that alley, in the old Barbie car. Realizing that I was almost grown-up and my childhood was disappearing fast. Like Mrs. Pauley. Mom called out. “Wash your hands, kiddo”. “Time for lunch”. My memories faded, as the prospect of food presented itself. I got up from my seat of the past hour and I limped inside to the cool room and our life on the street would not seem the same, without Mr. and Mrs. Pauley. The life of a polio victim, was hard enough for now.
Application of Quantum Dots 1 Application of Quantum Dots 1. Quantum dots in medicine a) According to Biju (2014), Quantum dots are utilized demandingly in the advancement of FRET-based biosensors for ultrasensitive spotting of biomolecules such as sugars, enzymes, acids, antigens and antibodies and as well in the furtherance of fluorescence. Their narrow emission band is the attribute that causes them to be capable in bio-sensing applications which allows complexes findings of antibodies, toxins or DNA strands in revealing portions of gene in DNA fingerprinting or pathogen. They also aid in a lot of conditions in applications of biosensor, constructed by organic dyes including fluorescein treated as pH sensors or FRET. Coupled through different anticancer antibodies, they also attain purposes in identifying cancer biomarkers within immune-microchannels or immunochromatographs. The unification among quantum dots’ oligonucleic acids are efficient foundation for FRET-based exposure of dye-labeled matching strands, which is parallel to the seeming plasmon-based, by means of gold NPs, unveiling of oligonucleotides. The expanse amongst the dye and the quantum dot and are the vital aspect in the susceptibility of these findings. Thus, the formulation of a FRET-based biosensor constructed of quantum dots alongside eminent hydrodynamic diameter demands cautious features of the space amid the giver and the receiver. b) Quantum dots can also be enclosed inside a shell modified to copy organic receptors among the body and such receptors can link to specific viruses, diseases or further stuffs. Consequently, quantum dots will search and bind to the illness all together. Because of the fluorescent attribute of quantum dots, the location of the conflict is then become well evident. Likened to the expanse of the dot, the amount of receptors needed on the surface of the dot is smaller. Therefore, it leaves a great quantity of space to locate additional matters on the dot. It can comprise several medications to treat a disease the quantum dot regulated to obtain. By means of this, quantum dots can be designed to search cancer cells and accustom chemotherapy drugs straight to cancer cells to prevent poisoning of healthy cells and so the horrible fallouts concerning cancer therapies. c) Based on Akerman et al., (2002), Larson et al., (2003), Bateman et al., (2007) and J.D. Smith et al., (2007), the Cadmium selenium–zinc sulphide quantum dots is utilized to see capillaries hundreds of micrometers deeply the skin of an alive mice. Cadmium-based quantum dots are also employed to picture cerebral vasculature while Methoxy-PEGylated quantum dot are applied to envision arterioles and capillary networks in mouse’s back limb skeletal muscle. Lewis et al., (2006), also stated that Pathological nanoparticles can correspondingly be marked fluorescently to great densities. For example, is the usage of the cowpea mosaic virus (within alive mouse and embryos of chick) as an examination that lets vibrant projecting of the vascular endothelium for capable of 72 hours and to a deepness of 500 ?m. 2. Quantum dots in photovoltaics The pleasant appearance of utilizing quantum dots in producing solar cells dwells in various gains above early methods and they can be produced in an energy-saving room-temperature procedure as they can be formulated after excess and cheap resources that do not need massive purification as silicon makes and they can be operated to a range of low-priced and adaptable substrate necessities like weightless plastics. Even though, using quantum dots as the foundation for solar cells is not a recent conception, the attempts to buid photovoltaic devices have not achieved so far by means of high efficiency in transforming sunlight to power. An assuring course for quantum dot solar cells is a semiconductor ink having the aim of permitting the covering of substantial regions of solar cell substrates in a particular deposition step and thus removing tens of deposition steps essential alongside the former layer-by-layer process. 3. Graphene quantum dots Graphene is a primarily unfolded planar shape of a carbon nanotube that has turned into an exceptionally and appealing contender material for nanoscale electronics. Researchers have proven that it is likely to create nanoscale transistors from a sole graphene crystal namely graphene quantum dots. Contrasting all additional recognized constituents, graphene stays extremely steady and conductive even if it is reduced into fragments one nanometer wide. Moreover, Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) show significant meaning in the subjects of photovoltaics, photoelectronics, bio-imaging and bio-sensing due to their exceptional photoluminescence (PL) assets comprising low toxicity, outstanding biocompatibility and great constancy versus photoblinking and photobleaching. 4. Perovskite quantum dots Luminescent quantum dots (LQDs), possess extreme photoluminescence quantum yields, pliable production color manipulating, and ability to process solution are ensuring for usages in lighting systems (infrared irradiation and cozy white light devoid of UV) and great class displays. On the other hand, the market of LQDs has been restrained because of the excessively high price of their creation. At present, LQDs are formulated thru HI method demanding at high temperature and monotonous cover handling in able to progress both visual assets and permanency. 5. Quantum dot TVs and displays Quantum dots are both photo-active (photoluminescent) and electro-active (electroluminescent). It also have unique physical properties which will be at the core of next-generation displays. Compared to organic luminescent materials used in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), Quantum dots-based materials have purer colors, longer lifetime, lower manufacturing cost, and lower power consumption compared to organic luminescent materials used in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Another advantage of quantum dots is it can be deposited on any substance which are expected to be printable, flexible and even rollable quantum dot displays of all sizes. 6. Optical application As of now, quantum dots attracted interest of everyone because of its interesting optical properties. QDs are being used for all kinds of applications in which those applications need the importance of the precise control of colored light. In a simple and relatively minor application, quantum dots made in a thin filter has been invented so it can fit on top of a fluorescent or LED lamp and will convert the light from a blueish color to a warmer, redder producing more attractive shade like the light produced by old-fashioned incandescent lamps. QDs can also be used as an alternative to pigments and dyes. Embedded in other materials, quantum dots also absorb incoming light of one color and producing different color which are brighter and more restraint than organic dyes. In addition, quantum dots are also considered as part of those breakthrough technologies in the development of more efficient solar cells. In a traditional solar cell, photons of sunlight knock electrons out of a semiconductor into a circuit which use to make beneficial electric power, but its process efficiency is somewhat low. It also produce more electrons (or holes) for each photon that strikes though enable to boost the efficiency of perhaps 10 percent over conventional semiconductors. CCDs (charge-coupled devices) and CMOS sensors are the image-detecting chips in such things as digital cameras and webcams which also work the same as solar cells. It can also be use to make smaller and more systematized image sensors for applications. 7. Quantum computing Computers get faster and smaller as time passes by. But there comes a time wherein physical limits of materials prevent computer in advancing unless there is a new development in the field of technologies. One possibility would be to store and transfer information with light as a replacement of electrons known as photonics. Optical computers could use quantum dots as the basic components in memory chips and logic gates as electronic computers use transistors In a quantum computer, bits (binary digits) are stored by atoms individuallly, ions, electrons, or photons that are linked together and act as quantum bits called qubits. These switch of the quantum-scale can store many values contemporaneously and work on different problems in parallel. Atoms and so on are hard to control in this way but quantum dots in a larger scale would be much easier to work with. However, there is a very high degree of precision with in which one can measure the quantum particles resulting to an easily constructed quantum computer. 8. Lighting Applications The energy emitted from quantum dots as light is close to a hundred percent of the energy put into the system. This remarkably high efficiency make quantum dots fascinating for use in lights and as individual colour pixels in a vibrant colour flat panel displays. A layer of quantum dots can be placed in between two electrically conductive layers in lighting purposes. A current applied to the quantum dots directly between these layers will produce fluoresce and will having an extremely high light source efficiency. 9. Quantum dots in a solar cell Quantum dots have the ability to increase the efficiency of solar cells. A photon of light generates one electron in a normal solar cell. Based on some experiments, silicon quantum dots and lead sulfide quantum dots can create two electrons for a single photon of light. It also have been found that up to three electrons per photon of light a quantum dot can emit as opposed to one for standard photovoltaic panels. Therefore, it was concluded that with the use of quantum dots in solar cells could significantly change the efficiency to produce electric power. Quantum dots are the new and innovative perspective on the traditional semiconductor. It can be synthesized to be essentially any size, and therefore produce essentially any wavelength of light. The applications of quantum dots are useful in many conditions due to their physiochemical properties that may be used in different fields and by altering their surface property, internal structures, preparation techniques, coating material etc. The bright future will be exciting with the use of those possible applications of quantum dots.
Racism Is Dying At least when it comes to geography. Publish date: Updated on A residential street in Lakewood, Ohio. (PHOTO: JOSHUA ROTHHAAS/WIKIMEDIA COMMONS) Geographer Joni Seager taught me well. I signed up for the seminar "Gender, Place, and Culture," not knowing what to expect. Dr. Seager outlined the research agenda. Concerning geographic analysis, did gender matter? Her fundamental question wasn't rhetorical. It was open-ended. If we introduced a gender variable, did our understanding of human geography change significantly? I approach issues of race the same way. If we introduce a race variable, does our understanding of human geography change significantly? Spoiler alert, it does. But like gender, the race variable isn't always the most important. That the race variable wouldn't be the most important is blasphemy. Well, sometimes gender trumps race. Sometimes, neither race nor gender are the best predictors. For migration, gender beats race. Gender beats class. Gender beats any other variable championed. Yet gender and migration get short shrift. For the most part, migration is migration. You go where you know. Race taking a back seat to a river in Cleveland: Emphasis added. Those Rust Belt city divides don't fall neatly along racial lines. OK, they do if you completely ignore ethnic enclaves. Parochial geography rules. Race does a poor job of explaining Lakewood. Yet race holds our understanding of cities hostage. We're stuck fighting the fallout from the MLK riots of the late 1960s. Trumping race, and even gender, is economic globalization. African Americans are gentrifying the West Side of Cleveland.
Meaning of BRICK in English I. ˈbrik noun Usage: often attributive Etymology: Middle English bryke, from Middle Dutch bricke Date: 15th century 1. plural bricks or brick : a handy-sized unit of building or paving material typically being rectangular and about 2 1/4 × 3 3/4 × 8 inches (57 × 95 × 203 millimeters) and of moist clay hardened by heat 2. : a good-hearted person 3. : a rectangular compressed mass (as of ice cream) 4. : a semisoft cheese with numerous small holes, smooth texture, and often mild flavor 5. : gaffe , blunder — used especially in the phrase drop a brick 6. : a badly missed shot in basketball he threw up a brick II. transitive verb Date: 1592
Virginia Pioneers Newgate Prisoners Indentured Themselves as Servants to Settle in Virginia Newgate PrisonEnglish residents who were unable to pay their debts usually ended up in prison, with no hope of release. It was the ultimate condemnation for poor people and generally accepted by society. James Edward Oglethorpe (before he colonized Georgia) was an avid supporter of prison reform, especially after an artist friend died in Newgate. The friend was a popular artist who lived large. Oglethorpe struggled to get him released, but the artist was put into a cell with a person having a contageous disease and the artist soon died. However, Oglethorpe made his views known by pushing pamphlets and articles in various London newspapers. Ultimately, prisoners were given the choice of indenturing themselves to American colonists. Peter Coffey was born in Ireland and was apparently one of the prisoners of debt in Newgate Prison given the choice of the prison cell or the opportunity to indenture himself in the colonies. He put himself in bondage to come to America in the ship Forward Galley. The voyage was made in October of 1730 and 18 years later after being released from service, he was granted 220 acres of land on Vaughans Creek. Before the 17th century, finding Genealogy is Tedious London in the 16th Century A major goal of the genealogist is to find the country (or place) of origin of his ancestors as well as other families and friends. Colonists enjoyed entertainment with them in social gatherings. They married someone in the neighborhood. Therefore, one should not overlook the community nor its historical setting. In other words, the activity of the times is history. Once the genealogist traces back to the 17th century, finding records becomes for tedious. Yet, our ancestors were part of history, and tidbits of information concerning them is scattered about in a wide variety of resources. A unique list of Origins of some of the earliest settlers to Virginia is compiled and published on Virginia Pioneers List of Traced Virginia Families on this website Virginia Immigrants Origins of Colonists Map of Prince Edward County Virginia Seal of Prince Edward county Office of the Clerk Become a Members So Easy to Read/Print/Download old Virginia Wills online last will and testament Do the Magic Centipede Join Genealogy History Blog Prince Edward County Genealogies, Wills, Estates, Probate Records Linden Plantation Prince Edward County, Virginia was formed in 1754 from Amelia County. It was named after Prince Edward, the second son of Frederick, Prince of Wales and the younger brother of George III of the United Kingdom. The original county seat was called Prince Edward Courthouse; it is now the village of Worsham. In 1798, the town of Farmville was formed (incorporated in 1912) near the headwaters of the Appomattox River. The county seat was moved from Worsham to Farmville in 1871. Probate Records and Wills available to Members of Virginia Pioneers Marriage Bonds • 1755 to 1850 Indexes to Probate Records Index to Inventories, Accounts and Wills 1785 to 1795 Miscellaneous Wills and Estates Collicot, James LWT ca 1770 Harris, Thomas (1792), LWT, (transcribed) Whitlock, James Images of Wills 1754 to 1785 Testators: Archdeacon, James \| Atkins, Robert \| Atwood, James \| Baker, Duglass\| Baker, Martha \| Baker, Martha (2) \| Baker, Mary \| Baker, Robert \| Barns, William \| Beaker, Caleb \| Booker, William \| Bryan, Thomas \| Caldwell, Thomas \| Caldwell, Thomas (2) \| Carter, Theodrick \| Cary, William \| Christian, Ann \| Coffee, Peter \| Collicott, James \| Crisman, Daniel \| Cunningham, Alexander \| Davidson, John \| Dearman, Michael \| DeJarnett, Daniel \| DeJarnett, Elias \| DeJarnett, Mary \| Donnel, James\| Ewing, Samuel \| Fielder, Thomas \| Flournoy, David \| Garden, James \| Gillespie, Patrick \|Gillespie, Robert A.\| Gordon, John\| Graven, John\| Griffin, James\| Hackley, Samuel\| Harper, Edmund \| Harris, Micajah\| Harris, Thomas \| Harrison, William \| Hawkins, Benjamin \| Hill, William \| Hughes, Leander\| Johnston, Edward \| Ligon, Henry Sr. \| Littlejohn, Joseph \| Lugh, Zachariah \| Martain, Samuel \| Martin, James \| Mathews, Samuel \| MacCartney, James \| McCroy, James \| McLard, David \| Moor, Royall \| More, George \| Nash, John \| Nash, Mary \| Owens, John \| Price, Pugh \| Read, James \| Reed, John \| Reed, Samuel \| Rice, Charles \| Rice, Joseph \| Richey, Hugh \| Rowlett, John \| Tuggle, Benjamin \| Walker, George Sr. \| Watkins, John \| Whitlock, Sarah \| Wimbish, Benjamin \| Wimbish, James \| Woodson, Constant \| Woodson, Obadiah \| Woodson, Richard \| Yarbrough, William Images of Wills 1785 to 1795 Testators: Adams, William Robert \| Allen, James \| Armstrong, Thomas \| Baker, Samuel \| Brooks, Isaac \| Burks, George \| Carr, Hugh \| Cawthon, John \| Chambers, Josiah \| Childres, Robert \| Clarke, John Jr. \| Clark, Thomas \| Cobb, Sarah \| DeJarnett, John \| Dixon, John \| Gillespie, Francis \| Hambleton, Alexander \| Harper, Hannah \| Hay, Daniel \| Holt, Plunkett \| Hughes, Jesse \| Jackson, Thomas \| Johnston, Henry \| Lawson, Benjamin \| Lewellin, Daniel \| Lewellin, Thomas \| Lewellin, William \| Lockett, Stephen \| McFeley, Manassah \| Moore, Joseph \| North, William \| Price, Charles \| Ritchie, Charles \| Scott, John Scott, Mildred \| Ward, Robert B. \| Watts, Sarah \| Woodson, Charles \| Zachery, Bartholomew Images of Wills 1795 to 1807 Anderson, William \| Anderson, William (2) \| Baker, Andrew \| Baker, Christian \| Baker, Douglass \| Baldwin, Caleb \| Baldwin, John \| Baldwin, William \| Beasley, Peter \| Bever, John \| Blanton, Richard Sr. \| Booker, Mary \| Brightwell, Reynold \| Cardwell, John \| Cason, Seth \| Cathern, Adam \| Chambers, Mary \| Clarke, Joel \| Downs, Margaret \| Elliott, Andrew \| Farley, William \| Fears, James \| Flournoy, Thomas \| Foster, Richard \| Gibson, Ann \| Goode, Robert \| Goode, Samuel \| Hambleton, Obedience \| Hartgrove, Thomas \| Haskins, Thomas \| Hix, John \| Holland, Dick \| Holland, Sarah \| Hudson, James \| Hudson, Thomas Sr. \| Hudson, William \| Hunt, Elizabeth \| Huskegson, Luceasy \| Jackson, Matthew \| Jackson, Nancy \| Jenning, Eleanor \| Lewis, David \| Ligon, James \| Maner, Ferguson \| Mason, Benjamin \| Mason, William \| Matthews, William \| Meadows, Joel \| Miller, John \| Milley, Thomas \| Moore, George \| Morton, John \| Nash, John Sr. \| Neat, Stephen \| Owen, Thomas \| Pankey, Mary \| Peek, William \| Phillips, Richard \| Pinick, Mary \| Pinick, Charles \| Price, James \| Redd, Thomas \| Ritchey, Mary \| Ritchey, Mary (2) \| Shepherd, Isaac \| Smith, Henry \| Thompson, John \| Tucker, Joseph \| Venable, Matthew \| Waddell, Richard Sr. \| Wade, Phillip \| Walthall, Christopher \| Walton, George \| Watkins, Henry \| Watkins, Robert \| Watson, John \| Williams, Willis \| Winge, Andrew
Sources of Oxidant Species There are multiple oxidase enzymes that generate ROS, and each enzyme appears to have specific mechanisms that regulate ROS production and specific cellular localization sites. Evidence is rapidly emerging that one of the most important types of oxidases in physiological processes are NAD(P)H oxidases (containing specific nox subunits) that resemble the oxidase initially identified in phagocytic cells, which is now called nox-2. Vascular smooth muscle and endothelium appears to contain the nox-1, nox-2 and nox-4 forms of these nox oxidases. The nox oxidases appear to be composed of membrane bound nox and p22phox subunits possessing an electron transport system that transfers electrons from cytosolic NADPH and/or NADH to molecular oxygen through a flavin site and a 6558-type cytochrome. Electron transfer resulting in the generation of ROS by the nox oxidases appears to be controlled by stimulation of the binding of one or more cytosolic protein subunits that include or resemble rac-1, p47phox and p67phox. All cells seem to generate ROS under unstimulated conditions, and it appears that nox-containing systems are an important contributor to the basal levels of ROS production in vascular cells. Stimuli including stretch and shear and the activation of receptors linked to cell growth (e.g., angiotensin II) are thought to increase nox activity through cytosolic subunit binding triggered by mechanisms including phosphory-lation by protein kinase C or other signaling processes. Some growth factors also appear to increase oxidase activity through promoting the expression of the nox and p22phox subunits. The nox enzymes that are present in vascular cells appear to have important roles in intracellular signaling events that control vascular function and cellular growth. Endothelium contains multiple additional oxidant-generating enzyme systems, including cytochrome P450, NO synthase (NOS), cyclooxygenase (COX), and xanthine oxidase (XO). Recent evidence suggests that H2O2 is an important endothelium-derived relaxing factor, and receptor stimulation of its generation by cytochrome P450 and other oxidases appears to be a source of its generation. Although the major product of the NOS reaction is NO, this system has NADPH oxidase activity that is suppressed by the availability of the reduced form of its cofactor tetrahydro-biopterin, and by the availability of L-arginine for NO biosynthesis. When NOS is making both NO and O2-, the reaction between these molecules generates peroxynitrite (ONOO-), which is a reactive species that generates other RNS (including nitrogen dioxide), which oxidizes tetrahy-drobiopterin and causes thiol oxidation, nitrosation and nitration, and tyrosine nitration, whereas, when the generation of O2- is the primary product of NOS, this system appears to become a major source of vasoactive endothe-lium-derived H2O2 generation. Vascular disease processes are known to promote oxidant production from NOS, COX, and XO. The generation of O2- from COX seems to be associated with the availability high levels of arachidonic acid and high rates of prostaglandin generation by this enzyme. Generation of both O2- and H2O2 by XO appears to require conversion of this enzyme to an oxidase from its dehydro-genase form by a combination of thiol oxidation and/or pro-teolysis, and the availability of its substrates hypoxanthine and xanthine. Prolonged hypoxia and reoxygenation generally stimulates XO activation and the accumulation of its substrates from the degradation of tissue ATP. Thus, while endothelium is a source of vasoactive levels of H2O2, this cell type can also become a major source of vascular oxidant production during pathophysiological processes. Mitochondria of vascular cells also appear to have an important role in controlling oxidant generation either through producing O2- or as a result of their role in controlling the redox status of cytosolic NAD(H), and perhaps NADP(H). The NADH dehydrogenase and coenzyme Q sites in the electron transport chain appear to be sites where electrons can be transferred to molecular oxygen, and processes associated with the development of apoptosis seem to markedly increase mitochondrial oxidant generation. Mitochondria appear to contribute to the sensing of physiological PO2 levels through poorly understood redox processes that seem to be linked to the generation of ROS. Mechanisms of Interactions of Oxidant Species with Vascular Signaling Systems Each oxidant species has unique ways, shown in Figure 1, of interacting with the signaling systems listed in Table I as a result of its chemical and metabolic properties. The major ROS that is generated by cellular oxidases appears to be O2-, which is a negatively charged free radical at physiological pH, with very selective chemical reaction properties. The levels of SOD in the cytosol (SOD-1) and mitochondria (SOD-2) appear to function in a manner that maintains intracellular O2- concentrations in the picomolar Figure 1 Scheme showing oxidases that generate ROS, and potential ways in which ROS interact with vascular signaling systems. Table I Oxidant Species and Some of Their Interaction with Signaling Systems. Regulatory action Cyclooxygenase Glutathione peroxidase Catalase Fe2+ Heme binding Thiols (RSH) Mitochondria (Fe-S) Tyrosine Oxidation or Nitrosation (RSSG, RSSR, RSOH, RSNOx) Inhibits actions of NO Releases iron bound to proteins as Fe2+ Converts O2- to H2O2 Stimulates prostaglandin production Converts GSH to GSSG Stimulates sGC and cGMP production Generates reactive "OH" species Stimulates sGC and cGMP production Reversibly inhibits mitochondrial respiration Generates peroxynitrite (ONOO) Oxidation and nitrosation Irreversible inhibition of respiration Nitration, inactivation of PGI2 synthase Opens potassium channels Activates tyrosine phosphorylation Altered Ca2+ reuptake mechanisms Inhibits calcium influx range. These low levels of O2- appear to keep it from directly interacting with most signaling systems. Because of the extremely rapid rate of reaction of NO with O2-, increases in O2- are observed to readily attenuate physiological actions of NO [e.g., stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and inhibition of tissue mitochondrial respiration] and can form ONOO- in amounts that interact with signaling systems when high levels of NO are present. Vascular smooth muscle secrete an extracellular form of SOD (SOD-3), which appears to protect NO from O2- as it diffuses through the vessel wall. Elevated levels of O2- are also known to damage iron-sulfur centers, associated with the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, and release of iron. A major role for O2- and SOD in signaling appears to be the generation of H2O2. Hydrogen peroxide has a vast array of interactions with signaling systems, and its basal levels in cells are thought to be in the low nanomolar range. The signaling mechanisms most sensitive to the actions of H2O2 appear to be linked to its metabolism by heme peroxidases, catalase, and glu-tathione (GSH) peroxidase, and these systems participate in the generation of prostaglandins, cGMP, and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), respectively. The local concentration of GSSG and proteins present that have thiol groups (RSH) that can be S-thiolated (RS-SG) or oxidized to disulfides (RSSR) are key processes that link ROS to cellular signaling systems. Some of the cellular proteins and systems known to be regulated by thiol redox that potentially influence microvascular function are included in Table I. When ferrous iron (Fe2+) is released, it promotes the formation of very reactive or hydroxyl radical ("•OH")-like species from H2O2, which cause cellular injury. Evidence is emerging that RNS have important regulatory functions through interactions with signaling systems. These species readily modify proteins with reactive thiol groups (see Table I) by nitrosating (RS-NO), nitrating (RS-NO2), or oxidizing (RS-SG, RSSR, RSOH, RSOx) them in a manner similar to H2O2 (or elevated levels of other ROS). Protein tyrosine groups, iron-sulfur centers, and unsaturated fatty acids are also readily modified by RNS (and ROS). Some well-documented actions of ONOO- that potentially influence microvascular regulation include the inactivation of prostaglandin I2 synthase by nitration of a key active-site tyrosine, and inactivation of tissue mitochondrial respiration by damaging key iron-sulfur centers. Thiols linked to zinc binding sites are also very sensitive to oxidative processes that release zinc and promote cellular signaling. While O2-and peroxide have the potential for interactions with the protein thiols and other sites modified by RNS, there seems to be a need for an enhancement of the reactivity of the thiol site (e.g., by acidification) or ROS by cofactors such as iron for the observance of selective signaling-type regulation. Thus, although both peroxide metabolism and RNS cause the oxidation of GSH to GSSG, the chemical reactive properties that RNS possess enable them to have multiple additional regulatory and pathophysiological interactions, especially at activated thiol and metal-binding sites. Tyrosine phosphorylation, potassium channel opening, and certain systems that control intracellular Ca2+ and phospholipid metabolism appear to be cellular regulatory systems having components that seem to be directly regulated by ROS, RNS, or changes in the redox status of cytosolic NADH, NADPH, and/or GSH. Tyrosine phosphatases have activated thiols (RSH) at their catalytic sites that appear to be readily modified or oxidized by ROS and RNS, resulting in inhibition of the tyrosine-phosphate hydrolyzing activity of these enzymes. Some tyrosine kinases appear to autoacti-vate when the status of their phosphorylated tyrosine groups changes. Tyrosine phosphorylation appears to control multiple processes often associated with vascular contraction, gene expression, and cell growth through changes in the activities of systems including protein kinases B and C, growth factor receptor signaling, and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. Potassium channels often open when they undergo oxidation, and the thiol groups they contain may be key sites for redox regulation. Plasma membrane Ca2+ channels (e.g., L-type channels) and the sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATP pump or SERCA also appear to readily show inhibition of Ca2+ influx and alterations in Ca2+ reuptake, respectively, when these systems are modified by thiol oxidation. Many of these oxidant-regulated signaling systems seem to function in a coordinated manner to control phospholipid signaling, including the release of arachidonic acid, which is used for the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. The hyperpolarization-mediated relaxation induced by opening K+ channels activated by H2O2 has resulted in it being considered as an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor. Overall, the subcellular localization of both ROS generation and redox changes observed may have fundamental roles in controlling which oxidant-regulated signaling mechanisms are activated, and which physiological or pathophysiological responses are observed. 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How Vitamin Deficiencies Might Affect ADHD Health Writer Like many parents of children with ADHD, I’ve always been interested in the connection between ADHD and diet. I know that what you eat can affect your behavior. After a big meal you might get sleepy. When you are hungry, you can become irritable. Eating too much junk food can make you feel sluggish. But can what you eat really reduce ADHD symptoms? Over the past year, a few studies have been published that suggest nutrients and certain vitamins do make a difference in some people with ADHD. Almost half the children with ADHD who received supplemental nutrients containing 13 vitamins, 17 minerals and four amino acids showed significant improvement of ADHD symptoms compared to a second group who received a placebo, in a study published in October 2017 in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. According to the researchers, the results were modest but there were improvements in several symptoms as well as in overall function. They indicated that the micronutrients reduced impairment and improved inattention, emotional regulation and aggression. They said micronutrients also have the benefit of having a “low rate of adverse effects.” Another study found that low levels of certain B vitamins could play a role in the severity of symptoms in adults with ADHD. There were 264 participants in the study; 133 had previously been diagnosed with ADHD. The researchers looked at levels of vitamins A, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12, D and E. They found that low levels of vitamins B2, B6 and B9 was significantly associated with ADHD and that low levels of B2 and B6 were associated with more severe levels of ADHD. The scientists did indicate that levels of B vitamins are often lower in smokers, and that there is a higher incidence of smoking in people with ADHD. However, they pointed to other research that found that children with ADHD also have lower nutrient levels. It is also possible that ADHD medications, which decrease your appetite, could contribute to the lower nutrient levels. They also noted that there was a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiencies in those with ADHD. The researchers believe that low vitamin B levels might contribute to ADHD symptoms. Vitamins, especially B vitamins, “play important roles in the formation of different neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin, which are involved in ADHD-related traits.” They suggested that identifying and resolving vitamin deficiencies might help in treating ADHD. A well-balanced diet is always best. Individual nutrients might not be as important as your overall diet, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics. Researchers concluded in a study published in 2011 that “a Western-style diet may be associated with ADHD.” In contrast, they said, a Mediterranean diet, which consists of unprocessed foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains and nuts and limited red meat, might help to reduce symptoms of ADHD. See more helpful articles: ADHD and Diet: What the Research Tells Us Is a Gluten-Free Diet a Cure to ADHD? Myth: Sugar and Food Additives Cause ADHD Can Certain Foods Impact ADHD Medication? Can Foods Influence ADHD Symptoms?
Complete the following sentences with the singular or plural form of the word in brackets. 1. John spoke to his teacher about his spelling problem and he gave him some very good (advice). 2. Sheila has long, wavy, blond (hair). 3. You should call the travel-agent if you need more (information) about your journey to China. 4. He went to the open-air market today and bought lots of (fruit) and (vegetable). 5. Elizabeth lives in a small village with only five (hundred) inhabitants. 6. We have to buy new (furniture) for our cottage in Lyme Regis. 7. She was disgusted to find several (hair) in her soup. 8. The bellboy carried all my (luggage) to my room. 9. How many (time) do I have to tell you not to use this entrance ? It is only for authorised staff. 10. Hurry up! We don’t have much (time), the play starts in a few minutes. Προσομοιωτής Διαγωνίσματος
In the Year of Return, what is African Diaspora returning to? Source: By: Samuel Obeng Appah \| Content Editor \| VoyagesAfriq Travel Magazine Date: 06-02-2019 Time: 03:02:22:pm Celebrations have begun in earnest to commemorate 400 years since the first Black slave reached the shores of the new world, United States of America. While the idea is to attract the Africa Diaspora to every nook and cranny of the continent, Ghana as the leader of Pan-Africanism has taken initiative to be the central point for the celebrations. For the thousands Diasporans that are expected to troop in, one would ask, what are they returning to? For starters, Ghana is one of the countries in Africa which played a very significant role in the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, becoming one of the biggest purveyors of human cargo to the Americas and Europe. Evidence abounds in the many slave dungeons, forts and castles strewn across the length and breadth of the country. These monuments which have since become World Heritage Sites are concrete reminders of our crude and cruel history and cue that never again shall the Black man allow himself to be at the receiving end of such gross injustice and dehumanizing brutality. Following this era of darkness was colonization which also saw Ghana playing a pivotal role in this “legal slavery” until March 1957 when it became the first Black nation south of the Sahara to declare independence from its colonial imperialists. In 1960, it attained absolute sovereignty when it became a republic, ending a period of unwanted colonization and foreign dominance. The struggle for independence for Ghana had been spearheaded by the man described by many as African Man of the Millennium, Dr. Kwame Nkrumah. This man was so passionate about Black liberation that he made it his life’s work and his famous line on Ghana’s Independence Day, “Our independence is meaningless unless it is linked up to the total liberation of the African continent,” was in furtherance to his disposition as a Pan-Africanist. It is instructive to note that following that momentous speech, over 30 African nations broke free from colonial rule in the next decade. His charisma and strength of purpose towards a free and strong Black continent attracted the likes of Maya Angelou, George Padmore, and W.E. B. Dubois to Ghana with most of them staying for years to work to consolidate the independence that had been won. With that, Ghana became the mecca for Blacks in diaspora who love to embark on the pilgrimage to discovering their ancestral roots. Since then, the West African country has played host to several visitors of black descent both known and unknown with the first Black President of the US, Barack Obama coming into the country on his first visit to Africa after his inauguration in 2009. In addition to this is the fact that Ghana was the first African country to commemorate Emancipation Day and together with the Pan-African Historical Theatre Festival (PANAFEST) and other initiatives such as the Joseph Project, have given the opportunity for the Diaspora community worldwide to come home to become part of the global African Renaissance. Fast forward to 2019, the Year of Return where Ghana has opened its doors even wider to receive the thousands who would want to be part of the celebrations. Again, why come to Ghana? Ghana continues to be the beacon of hope for Africa. With a current Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of nearly $50billion, the country has become an investment paradise attesting to its relatively conducive atmosphere for doing business. It is Africa’s fastest growing economy. Its capital city, Accra has become a melting pot of artistic and cultural excellence with an ever-growing skyline which gives it a more picturesque look by the day. There is little or no argument to the fact that Ghana is the centre of the world being the closest landmark to the point at which the equator (0° latitude) and the prime meridian (0° longitude) intersect. This makes it pretty much accessible no matter which part of the world one is emigrating from. Ghana’s democratic credentials make it the envy of her peers in Africa. Having ushered itself into democratic dispensation since 1992, the country has had six peaceful general elections since that period. Peace and security define the hallmark of Ghana as much as its legendary hospitality of the citizens. The peace is fuelled by the sense of community and camaraderie that exist among Ghanaians; visitors will find the people as some of the most gregarious in the world. So welcome to Ghana where you will not just find our internationally acclaimed Jollof Rice, but Banku with grilled Tilapia, Waakye with its accompaniments, Tuo Zaafi and the almighty Fufu with Aponkye Nkrakra or Palm nut soup and the many variety of soups not just satisfying, but also are sure to bedazzle your taste buds. As much as you might find pizza, burger or hot dogs anywhere you go across the country, roasted plantain with peanuts, buff loaf, and roasted maize are reliable tummy fillers anytime, anywhere. Asana and Sobolo will help drown these foods for easy digestion. You will find in Ghana, like in every other nation on the planet, a country which is far from being perfect but in acknowledging this, citizens are making efforts at ensuring their comfort in their own way. And that is why it is imperative that you take a trip to Kaneshie, Makola or Okaishie markets to get a better understanding of the entrepreneurial side of the average Ghanaian, and that is when you are in Accra. Kumasi, the second largest city and capital of the Ashanti Kingdom also has very large markets with many others across the country that are worth seeing. In the evenings, the mini versions of these markets can be seen as well, adding to the vivacity of the country’s nightlife especially within city centres and big towns. Ghana has birthed some of the finest human resources in the world. Kofi Annan (Former UN Secretary General), Abedi Pele, Azumah Nelson (Sports Icons), Komla Dumor ( Former BBC Broadcaster), Prof. Francis Allotey (Mathematician and Physicist), Prof. Kwabena Frimpong Boateng (Physician and cardiothoracic surgeon) Ashitey Trebi-Ollennu (Robotics Engineer at NASA) are a few of the many who have helped and continue to shape the world in their respective work disciplines. These are beside the many others around the world who trace their ancestry to the motherland. Boris Kodjoe, Oswald Boateng, Idris Elba, Jerome and Kelvin Prince Boateng, Abraham Attah, Bozoma Saint John are just a handful who are still giant strides in their fields of endeavour. Nature’s best secret is kept here on this west coast of Africa. The flora and fauna, the large expanse of rainforest, the national parks and botanical gardens are just a few of nature’s provisions which define the green in our national flag. Pristine beaches, waterfalls, lakes and rivers (both and natural) will ensure that an adventure with water is made complete. Home to the friendliest crocodiles, a large variety of monkey species and birds, the country’s wildlife is one of the most diverse in the world. On the arts scene, you hear in Ghana some of the best sounds in the world; so whether you are a jazz, R&B, Hip Hop fan or like to hear authentic African Highlife music, then you are welcome. Ghana has produced Music Greats such as the Osibisa Band, Kojo Antwi, Daddy Lumba, Amakye Dede, Rocky Dawuni with young acts such as Sarkodie, Stonebwoy, Samini, Shatta Wale, Fuse ODG and many others flying high on the global music scene. A vibrant film industry also thrives in Ghana and has birthed Ghallywood and Kumawood; the respective English and local language speaking sub industries. A visit to the many arts markets and centres in every part of the country gives visitors inkling into how creative the local people are. Here, all manner of artifacts can be seen, and the world acclaimed Kente fabric is a further testament to the sheer brilliance and creativity of the Ghanaian. With intricate patterns and a splurge of assorted colours, Kente gained much more notoriety when the Congressional Black Caucus of the US Congress wore it in protest during President Trump’s first State of the Union address. Festivals are ostentatious part of the Ghanaian culture; there is practically, a festival or two being celebrated at different parts of the country all throughout the year. Peak festival periods however are between, July and November where one can be witness to rich and beautiful display of traditional dance, chiefs and queen mothers in their full regalia propped up in palanquins and an endless display of street activities. Like many other celebrations in Ghana, festivals are always elaborate and the pomp and pageantry that accompany them are a sight to behold. Sweetening all this is the tall list of activities that have been planned to commemorate the Year of Return, so yes, there are many reasons why should be in Ghana in 2019. And if for nothing at all, one thing is guaranteed, the warmth of the smiles of the friendliest people on earth that meet you right at the airport in Accra to Zabzugu in the north; who knows, it might give you a clue as to how happy our ancestors were living on their own land. Have your say More Opinion Headlines What others are reading Undercover cops posing as drug dealers arrest cops posing as drug buyers The world's most powerful passports revealed Children killed after car hits Easter parade Barcelona close in on La Liga title with routine win at Alaves
Recommended Books Essays on Hinduism Ganesha - The AuspiciousThe Beginning: An Introduction MahaVastu Hindu Rites and Rituals Where They Come from and What They Mean Author : K V Singh About Author : K. V singh was Born in 1938, Lt Cdr K.V. Singh served in the armed forces for thirty years approach to life that has characterized Hindu thought since ancient times .At first thanks to K V Singh for this book which really helps hindus Author has done his best and I feel some chapters could have been dealt better. About Book : Hindu Rites and Rituals is essential reading for anyone interested in India's cultural tradition. Why is the tulsi considered sacred, What is the significance of namaste, Why do Hindus light a lamp before performing a ritual,Why is it forbidden to sleep facing the south? Author mainly concentrated on rites and rituals of cultural tradition of hinduism from where they came and what are meanings ,why do we follow them.
Friday, September 14, 2007 Barthes: Intro, Signifier and Signified, Denotation and Connotation Author: Bill Schnupp Abstract: Elements of Semiology: Intro., Signifier and Signified, Denotation and Connotation. I. Summary A. Introduction In this section, Barthes introduces readers to semiology, tempering his definition with the ideas of Ferdinand de Saussure to characterize the as yet undeveloped discipline as “a science of signs. . .[and] systems of signification” (9). These systems can encompass objects, music, public entertainment, and myriad other possibilities. Barthes stresses that at the time he is writing, semiology is a very underdeveloped area of study, “a tentative science.” In this science, no system can signify autonomously—language must, at some level, be present. In this sense semiology is a sub-discipline of linguistics: “it is semiology which is a part of linguistics. . .it is that part covering the great signifying unities of discourse” (11). Barthes closes by highlighting the four divisions of semiology he perceives and later discusses: Language and Speech, Signified and Signifier, Syntagm and System, and Denotation and Connotation. B. Signifier and Signified Perhaps the first thing that should be said about this section is that it is a continual parallel between linguistics and semiology, as the latter was, at this time, a rather raw and undeveloped mode of inquiry. Barthes draws continually on linguistics as the forbearer of semiology to inform his discussion in places where semiological thought is not yet fully articulated. Barthes opens this section with the concept of the sign, a signifying relationship (or meaning, as I read it) which is essentially the union of the components signifier (a term) and the signified (its concept or relation.) Ideas of content and expression are inextricable from this process. At the same time, readers are reminded that the sign is more complex than this basic formula: indeed, it is more than “the mere correlation of a signifier and a signified, but perhaps more essentially an act of simultaneously cutting out two amorphous masses” (56). Every element in the semiological relationship has more than one meaning. Like a sheaf of paper, each possesses a reverse image. Signs, particularly those with utilitarian, functional origins, are known as sign-functions. The idea I draw from this from this is that reality and meaning are based on use and function: “there is no reality except when it is intelligible” (42). The signified in the relationship Barthes imposes is defined as “the mental representation of a thing. . .a concept” (42-3). It incorporates such elements as practices, techniques, and ideologies. It is this component of the triadic relationship which triggers Barthes’ discussion of metalanguages (languages about languages—that is, a discourse employed to make sense of another discourse.) The signifier is a mediator to handle the words, images, and objects in the sign equation. It is the initial element triggers the process of investing meaning and thus making a sign. The union of the signifier and signified is termed signification. This process of making meaning is, according to Barthes’ interpretation of Saussure, arbitrary, a product of social convention. The sign can be interpreted as the value of the expression, and is a product of exchange and comparison among dissimilar words and ideas. Barthes closes with an estimate of where he believes semiology is headed: toward existence as a discipline concerned with the production of reality, fused with taxonomy—termed arthrology, a science of apportionment. C. Denotation and Connotation In this discussion, Barthes revisits the relationship between signifier, signified and sign. However, in this section, the relation is approached in a new way, in the relation (R) between expression (E) and content (C), expressed as ERC. The focus here is on staggered systems of signification, or those systems in which one or more of the components in the relation (ERC) is expressed by a relation all its own. Ex. (ERC) RC, where E=(ERC). The first system lies in the plane of denotation, and the second (collective), in the plane of connotation; it is wider and encompasses all the elements. The way I read this (and if I'm wrong somebody please correct me), denotation stands for the collectively agreed upon meaning of an image or text--comparable to the signifier-- and connotation represents the accompanying ideas and concepts--much like the signified and the ensuing process of signification. Barthes uses the discussion of denotation and connotation to branch off and further explore metalanguages, those discourses employed to speak about and analyze discourses. In this model, a language (in the linguistic sense) is a first-order language, and the ensuing metalanguage is a second-order language. The role of the semiologist, then, is to decipher the first-order language through the lens of the second, but in doing so there is a danger: just as connotation served as an extension of denotation in the system above, so too can each subsequent metalanguage serve as a segue into another and another, a self-sustaining and destructive cycle. As each language rises, another takes its place, “a diachrony of metalanguages, and each science, including of course semiology, would contain the seeds of its own death, in the shape of the language destined to speak it" (93). II. Analysis I’ll start by saying that a great deal of this was tough to grasp the first time around. I’ve tried to bring out some of the main ideas (or what I perceived as the main ideas) in this section. Clearly, the roots of Semiology stem from linguistics—“there is no meaning which is not designated, and the world of signifieds is none other than that of language” (Barthes 10)—but for me the two diverge in their scope: linguistics is dedicated solely to the study of languages and the various forms and processes encompassed therein; semiology, on the other hand, is devoted not only to the verbal, but to all other means of making meaning that intersect the verbal realm. In some additional reading, I even found that there are branches of semiotics that study animal behavior (zoosemiotics), human body language (kinsemics and proxemics), and one variety that examines communication by olfactory signs. Semiology seems a literal embodiment of the connotation Barthes is so enamored of (there is more to meaning than meets the eye; it goes beyond language to engage the public and the personal to include things like music, gestures objects, events, etc.) It is not difficult to perceive how the ideas of Barthes tie in with the ideas we have encountered in class to this point. Semiology is concerned with the interpretation of various cultural texts, and though the discipline is clearly very structuralist, I’m not sure it falls entirely under that paradigm. The meaning that arises from the triadic relationship between signifier/signified/sign is essentially arbitrary, an idea Barthes touches on—“the only link between signifier and signified, is a fairly arbitrary (although inevitable) abstraction” (54). This suggests that the meaning someone invests in a sign is largely socially dictated—a word means something because we collectively allow it to do so. Thus, our experience is dictated by the pre-approved structure. A good example can be found in Daniel Chandler’s discussion of semiotics, in which he gives the example of an open sign in a shop window. In this scenario, a passerby would likely invest meaning in the following way: the signifier, the word ‘open,’ is mentally combined with the accompanying signified concept that the shop is open for business, and these two combine to form the resulting sign, a shop with an ‘open’ sign in the window is prepared to exchange with consumers. ?My question here concerns the different meanings people may construct. Say someone outside is wearing a sweater. When I see this, I would see the signifier, sweater, combined with the signified concept that it is cold outside, and the sign, that someone is wearing a long-sleeved, heavily woven garment because it is cold outside. Perhaps, though, it isn’t cold. Maybe it’s a hot July day and the person wears the sweater because their office air-conditioner is too efficient. Maybe the sweater was a gift from a loved one no longer living and the wearer dons the sweater for sentimental reasons. Maybe the wearer’s friend made a bet that the wearer couldn’t go an entire July day wearing a wool sweater. There could be many variations in this story. My point is simply this: many of the myriad meanings for the wearing of the sweater are not socially configured; as such, personal experience seems to motivate the wearing of the sweater, and thus experience here is no effect, but a driving force. Isn’t this culturalist influence? ?I'm also still working on the idea of the metalanguage and its destructive potential. The way I read it, a metalangauge is a discourse used to discuss another discourse and is thereby its destroyer (for example, myth is a metalanguage for the language in which the myth originates.) So, couldn't, say, cultural studies be considered a metalanguage because it 's used as a means to interpret cultural texts? If this is the case, then isn't the discipline simultaneously studying and destroying its object of inquiry? Barthes ideas, though at times a bit difficult, nonetheless fascinate me. By-and-large, his work seems motivated by the relationship between language (and other modes of signification) and thought, and how the two combine to make meaning. It unites questions of culture, psychology, reality, and many others. III. Questions and Further Reading. 1. For you, does semiology seem more aligned with structuralism or culturalism? 2. After reading Barthes, what do you make of this statement: the limits of my language are the limits of my 3. How do you respond to Barthes’ idea of the destructive cycle of metalanguages? It always helps me to have other readings to draw on. I found some very accessible readings online at: No comments:
Home / Food Horrific dishes from the ancient times that fortify the kidneys and virility January 28 2019, 10:55 AM Since ancient times, people have used food to increase the virility. However, many of the horrific dishes that cause many people to shudder when speaking of its names such as rat fetus, solid heart, cancer eggs, etc. Snake’s heart: Many people believe that the majesty of poisonous snakes is closely related to the physiology of men. Therefore, the more toxic the snakes are, the rarer they are, the more hunted they are to trade. The most tonic parts of a snake are its heart and fetus. The snake is stuck when it’s alive, drop the alive heart of the snake into alcohol or swallow it up. This horrific dish is considered to strengthen muscles, fortify the kidneys and virility. The fetus of snake or mouse: the Animal fetus is the famous panacea that fortifies the kidneys and virility hunted by lots of people. And fetus of snake or mouse is the most popular. Snake’s eggs and fetus with the intact mucous membrane are taken out right after sticking the snake. The dish is used with hotpot’s broth and doesn’t need to wait for it to be cooked. Mouse’s fetus is easier to find. The fetus is still red but it’s told to be the cleanest because it comes from the mouse mother’s stomach. Lizards are well known and believed to enhance health and physical strength as well as fortify the kidneys and virility very effectively. However, according to the doctor’s share, lizards have very little meat so their nutritional value is not much. If compared to nutrition, toad meat is more nutritious. Therefore, doctors believe that eating lizard meat should not be encouraged because this species has insect-eating nature such as flies, mosquitoes, while there are much other nutritious food safer. The genital part of animals is often rumored to be the panacea. According to traditional medicine, the genital part is a warm thing that used to supplement kidneys. However, it’s not totally good for health. There were many people had been hospitalized because of eating it too much. This dish is rich in cholesterol, therefore it is not good for health if having it too much and frequently, especially the fat and those who have cardiovascular disease or high blood pressure. The addled eggs are cheap due to there are a few people eat it. However, there was news that eating addled eggs will fortify the kidneys and virility very effectively appeared, therefore, many women decide to buy them and cook them for their husbands. The effect of those eggs is unclear but there are many men who tried eating them have accidentally gotten pathogens and had a risk of digestive toxicity. Most people who eat rotten eggs often suffer from indigestion, vomiting, bloating, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and many cases of health poisoning. Source: Credit Nguyet Hang Do
Download Supplement as PDF file India is a Developing Nation -- Parth Kumar,9 A, Indian Learners Own Academy, Kuwait India is a developing nation which is emerging as the fastest growing nation in terms of economy. A nation, which is truly considered as an example for other democratic countries. It is said that in the next few years, India would be in the list of few economic powers of the country. There are many reasons that can be considered for the growth of the economy of India. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Product (GNP) have increased greatly in the year 2011- 2012 at an average of 7 per cent. With a population of over 1.024 billion, the number of people in the labour force has increased to 155 million in the year 2018- 2019 and is having an approximate value to reach above 160 million in the year 2020. The Government of India has been making developments in certain fields with the use of technology. The export rates have increased widely in India in the year 2018, in the field of agriculture, electronics, business etc.., that have in turn given a profit of 15%. Mergers and Acquisitions activity in the country had reached to US$82 billion in November 2018. The income tax collection in the country had reached to 2.5 lakh crore in 2018 (December) than that of 85 crores in 2005 and is expected to reach 5 lakh crores (approximately) in the year 2025. These were the main reasons for the increase in economy of India after its independence in the year 1947 after the British had left a depleted economy. The economy had increased from a few million dollars in 1950 to billions of dollars in 2018. There are other ways through which Indian economy can boost a lot. There are contributions from other services like hardware, software etc. To boost the economy and to increase employment, 10 million jobs were created. Increase in employment has helped people to contribute in the development and so, people can become independent. This can make the people an asset rather than a liability for the country. According to the World Bank’s report, India’s remittances are touching US$80 billion and will retain its position in the year 2019 and 2020. If India’s remittances increases, the instead of owing money, India can lend money to other countries. Government Initiatives India’s economy is touching the sky day by day. It is because of the efforts of all Indians whether it be a billionaire or a person who earns few rupees. The Government has also played a major role. The Government ministers, be it the union budget minister, each person has tried to implement few steps. There are many government initiatives taking place. The Make in India and Digital India is a positive way. It is because of this reason there is a boost in the economy since 2014. Other steps include setting up of more than 1000 schools in Delhi and Delhi- NCR, the launch of Mid-Day Meal Scheme in states like Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. This scheme is worth crores of rupees. It aims at providing elementary education to children under the age of 14 for free, along with providing them food. The government has also launched many Schemes to provide work for the poor with a sufficient wage rate. Example: - PradhanMantriRozgarYojana (PMRY) The Indian Government has spent Rs. 15 lakh crores (approximately) for creation of infrastructure and livelihood in rural areas. The government has also aimed at providing electricity to the whole of India and has also given LPG cylinders to women. The government also aims at increasing the public health facility by spending 2 per cent of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The mid-term review of India’s Foreign Trade Policy (FTP) 2015-2020 has been released by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India under whose annual incentives for labour intensive MSME sectors have been increased by 2 per cent. The government initiatives have helped to reduce unemployment and the expected rate of unemployment is 3.5 per cent according to the International Labour Organization (ILO). India’s gross domestic product (GDP) is expected to reach US$ 6 Trillion by the year 2027. It’s revenue receipt will increase to 27 trillion by 2019, because of GST and demonetization. If the government steps prove to be successful, development will take place in a large scale, then no one will be poor in the future and India will become a super power and will prosper. Download Supplement as PDF file Express your comment on this article Submit your comments...
Applicable Design Patterns from Alexander Christopher Alexander’s design patterns for architecture are above the domain level of the pattern language described on this site. A brief description of those that are supported by this pattern language are given below. They are designated as ‘Axxx’ to help refer to them, where xxx is Alexander’s pattern number. A240: Half-Inch Trim A free and natural building will contain minor variations and tolerance in materials, unlike a ‘totalitarian, machine building’, that requires finishing. Alexander argues that trim is not just ornamentation, but an essential part of the building process that is needed to absorb tolerances between pieces of material. In addition, there is a psychological reason for keeping trim on the order of half an inch: the perception that it belongs to part of the building’s hierarchy. Natural surroundings contain a range of detail from molecular to landscape. There are results in cognitive psychology (reference??) that show that jumps in scale must be in the range of 1:5 to 1:10 to be perceived as part of a natural hierarchy. Since most materials have a fibrous or crystal structure with detail on the order of 1/20″, the smallest building details should be on the order of 10x larger to bridge the perceived hierarchy (ie, ~1/2″). Whenever two materials meet, some of the trim components should be on the order of 1/2″ wide. This pattern can be supported by Ornament (A249) and Warm Colors (A250). A249: Ornament It is instinctual to decorate our surroundings. From Alexander: “The main purpose of ornament in the environment- in buildings, rooms, and public spaces- is to make the world more whole by knitting it together…” At a large scale, things such as properly designed entrance transitions tie boundaries into a united whole. At small scales, the grain of stone or wood can tie together a material. The intermediate scale (the ‘human’ scale that is the domain of our pattern language) requires ornament to fill the gap and tie things together into a whole. Use repetition of simple themes to bind together edges and transition in the building. A250: Warm Colors Warm and cool light in La Sagrada Familia The warmth of colors in a room can add comfort, unlike cool colors that can be depressing. Red, orange, yellow, and brown are considered warm colors; blue and grey are considered cool colors. It is the color of the light in the room, not the necessarily the things in it, that makes a room feel comfortable. Consider, for example, the difference between candlelight and overhead industrial fluorescent lighting. The color of the light is also influenced by the surfaces that scatter light. Choose surface colors that work with the available lighting to create warm light in the room. A252: Pools of Light Uniform illumination destroys the social nature of space, making people feel unbounded. Natural lighting is seldom even, usually containing dappled light that varies from minute to minute and across a space. We tend to create social spaces that are partly defined by the boundaries of light, so uniform illumination makes it more difficult to form a natural group. If a group can be contained within a ‘pool’ of light, the cohesiveness of the group is enhanced. Small bright light sources also distract less than large, less bright areas (Hopkinson and Longmore)- good for local lighting over a work area. Place lights to form pools of light to reinforce the social character of a space, making sure to keep darker spaces in between. A253: Things from Your Life In attempts to please others, we sometimes forget our instinct to keep things around us that have meaning to us. Interior Design can be taken too far- people are sometimes left feeling they will spoil the design by adding any personal touch. Decor is most beautiful when it comes straight from your life and contains the things you care for.
Iwo Eleru (Nigéria) : Skull points to a more complex human evolution in Africa Skull points to a more complex human evolution in Africa Daniel Boettcher Source - http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-14947363 Professor Chris Stringer compares one of the 13,000-year-old skulls (centre) with modern (l) and ancient (r) African fossils Scientists have collected more evidence to suggest that ancient and modern humans interbred in Africa. Reanalysis of the 13,000-year-old skull from a cave in West Africa reveals a skull more primitive-looking than its age suggests. The result suggests that the ancestors of early humans did not die out quickly in Africa, but instead lived alongside their descendents and bred with them until comparatively recently. The results are published in PLoS ONE. The skull, found in the Iwo Eleru cave in Nigeria in 1965, does not look like a modern human. It is longer and flatter with a strong brow ridge; features closer to a much older skull from Tanzania, thought to be around 140,000 years old. Prof Katerina Harvati from the University of Tuebingen in Germany used new digitising techniques to capture the surface of the skull in detail. The new technique improved upon the original measurements done with callipers by letting researchers see subtler details about the skull's surface. The cast of the Iwo Eleru skull shows marks of a more ancient ancestor "[The skull] has got a much more primitive appearance, even though it is only 13,000 years old," said Chris Stringer, from London's Natural History Museum, who was part of the team of researchers. "This suggests that human evolution in Africa was more complex... the transition to modern humans was not a straight transition and then a cut off." The researchers say their findings also underscore a real lack of knowledge of human evolution in the region. But palaeontologists are not all agreed on precisely what the new analysis is telling us - or, indeed, whether it is telling us anything definitive at all. "I do not think that these findings add anything new to our view," said Prof Clive Finlayson, director of the Gibraltar Museum, who was not connected to the study. "We have a few fossils, and no idea of natural variation within populations. That the situation is not simple and is deep and complex is what we would expect. "In my view, it is the field of genetics that will help us most in clarifying matters," he told BBC News. Separate research published earlier this month suggests that genetic mixing between hominin species happened in Africa up to 35,000 years ago. ANT 202 : Les Hominidés / Hominids Katerina Harvati, Chris Stringer, Rainer Grün, Maxime Aubert, Philip Allsworth-Jones, Caleb Adebayo Folorunso In recent years the Later Stone Age has been redated to a much deeper time depth than previously thought. At the same time, human remains from this time period are scarce in Africa, and even rarer in West Africa. The Iwo Eleru burial is one of the few human skeletal remains associated with Later Stone Age artifacts in that region with a proposed Pleistocene date. We undertook a morphometric reanalysis of this cranium in order to better assess its affinities. We also conducted Uranium-series dating to re-evaluate its chronology. Methodology/Principal Findings A 3-D geometric morphometric analysis of cranial landmarks and semilandmarks was conducted using a large comparative fossil and modern human sample. The measurements were collected in the form of three dimensional coordinates and processed using Generalized Procrustes Analysis. Principal components, canonical variates, Mahalanobis D2 and Procrustes distance analyses were performed. The results were further visualized by comparing specimen and mean configurations. Results point to a morphological similarity with late archaic African specimens dating to the Late Pleistocene. A long bone cortical fragment was made available for U-series analysis in order to re-date the specimen. The results (~11.7–6.3 ka) support a terminal Pleistocene chronology for the Iwo Eleru burial as was also suggested by the original radiocarbon dating results and by stratigraphic evidence. Our findings are in accordance with suggestions of deep population substructure in Africa and a complex evolutionary process for the origin of modern humans. They further highlight the dearth of hominin finds from West Africa, and underscore our real lack of knowledge of human evolution in that region.
How Long Does Nicotine Stay in the Blood System? What Is Nicotine? Nicotine is a liquid alkaloid that is derived from the Solanaceae plant and is one of the most addictive drugs in the world. It is an active ingredient in tobacco products like cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco and pipe tobacco. Nicotine is usually inhaled by smoking cigarettes. Once inhaled, it reaches the lungs and enters the bloodstream. As the body recognizes that nicotine is a toxic substance, the body processes it through the liver and excretes it from the kidneys. On average, a cigarette contains 1 to 2 mg of nicotine, whereas secondhand smoke contains traces of it. Factors That Affect the Life of Nicotine in One’s Body The duration of nicotine in the body depends on various factors: • How much tobacco a person uses • The age and health of an individual • The kind of test adopted to check the presence of nicotine • How a person’s body metabolizes toxins How Long Does It Take for Nicotine to Get Out of Your System? According to Health Essential, a healthcare website in the US, nicotine stays in the blood for around 1 to 3 days after the consumption of a tobacco product. Cotinine levels are also used at times to detect the presence of nicotine in a person’s body. Cotinine is what nicotine becomes after it is metabolized in the body and can stay in the blood for 1 to 10 days. Nicotine usually remains in the urine for approximately 3 to 4 days, as per Dr. Alan Wartenberg, but it can be detected till 15 to 20 days in more passive smokers. In a saliva test, which is the most accurate test, nicotine can be detected for more than 10 hours and up to 4 days. How to Effectively Clear Nicotine from the Body? Nicotine is intoxicating and highly addictive. There are a few ways you can use to flush out nicotine entirely from your body. • Drink plenty of water. The greater the water intake, the more nicotine is released from the body through urine. • Eat more fruits and vegetables. They are antioxidants with higher fiber and water content and help remove nicotine from the body. • It improves blood circulation which releases toxins through sweat, enabling the body to get rid of nicotine faster. • Eat foods like egg yolks, onion, and garlic. They increase the bile production in the liver, which helps in the removal of toxins and nicotine.
home> convicts Tocal's convicts 1822-1840 Where were the women? During the convict era Tocal was almost an all-male estate, and only one European woman definitely lived there before 1840. She was Ann Clarke, wife of Ralph Mills Clarke who was superintendent for Tocal's absentee owners, Caleb and Felix Wilson, who purchased the estate in 1834. Below right: Ann Clarke/Clements, the first European woman to have an enduring association with Tocal. Ann Clarke Ann Clarke was living at Tocal in 1837 when Patrick Costigan was killed in a violent fight. Her husband said in his evidence 'my wife was very much frightened and is unwell in consequence'. Ann Clarke was the first European woman to have an enduring association with Tocal. After her husband's death in 1841 she married Tocal ex-convict James Clements. They lived at Tocal until about 1855, and their first three children were born there. No doubt Catherine and Esther, the respective wives of Caleb and Felix Wilson, visited Tocal at various times. After Tocal Homestead was built in 1841, Felix and Esther still lived in Sydney but used Tocal as a country retreat until they leased it out in January 1844. Another Mrs Clarke may have lived at Tocal back in 1823. A convict named Richard Clarke received a Conditional Pardon in Tasmania in 1820 but was later found guilty of receiving a stolen sheep carcase and was re-transported to Newcastle for three years. In 1821 his wife Catherine and daughter Mary sailed with him to Newcastle. By September 1823 Richard Clarke was assigned to James Webber at Tocal, where he served about six months. If Catherine and Mary lived at Tocal with him they were probably the first European females to do so, but we don't know for certain.
Loading Map.... Date(s) - 04/01/2015 - 04/30/2015 12:00 am Eastern Categories No Categories Free Online Course – April Why is water at the heart of so much conflict in the American West? How have major cities and extensive agricultural systems been able to thrive despite most of the region being either a desert or semi-desert environment? How will a warming climate affect the availability and use of water in a region populated by tens of millions of people? This course, taught by Eric Gordon and Anne Gold combines an overview of the science behind water and climate in the Western United States with a survey of the major legal, political, and cultural issues focused on this precious resource. More information here Leave a Reply • (will not be published)
Perennial, often tufted. Stems: slender, woolly at the base and in the axils of the lower leaves. Leaves: basal ones slender-petioled, oblong, very obtuse, crenate; stem-leaves pinnatifid, sessile, small. Flowers: in corymbose many-flowered heads of both tubular and ray-flowers. This is a very common plant in the mountains. It has bright yellow flowers, which when in seed resemble small thistles. The rich loose clusters of the Golden Ragwort grow to an average height of eighteen inches. The basal leaves have long stalks and are rounded or oblong, with scalloped edges, while the stem-leaves are long, narrow, and slender, and very deeply cut. The name Senecio is from senex, ' an old man," and refers to the hoary-headed appearance of the plant when in seed, which is supposed to resemble the silky while hair of the patriarch. Different species of Ragworts are quite numerous at high altitudes. They all have yellow flowers of various hues, shading from primrose to amber and orange; but the Golden Ragwort is the most abundant of them all. It is principally by their widely diverse foliage that the Senecios must be distinguished. So bright and gay are these flowers, and all their fellows of golden mean, that we are compelled to wonder what caused Wordsworth, gentlest of poets and truest of Nature lovers, to write: "Ill befall the yellow flowers, Children of the flaring hours." What would the meadows be without the Dandelions, the Sunflowers, the Golden-rods, and the Arnicas? The land would lose much of its charm in Autumn did not these brilliant blossoms blazon back the beams of the declining sun. Senecio triangularis, or Giant Ragwort, is a large coarse species with closely set flower-heads and numerous long triangular leaves, strongly veined, and sharply toothed at the edges. Senecio canns, or Silvery Groundsel, is exactly described by its name, for it has white silky stems and leaves and pale yellow flowers. It is a small plant and grows on the dry open meadows. The basal leaves are oblong and have even margins, while the tiny stem-leaves are slightly toothed. Senecio lugens, or Black-tipped Groundsel, is so called on account of the conspicuous little black tips distinguishing the bracts of its involucres, or green cups, which hold up the deep amber-coloured flowers. The basal leaves are very long and toothed; the upper leaves cling closely to the stem, and are small,' bract-like, and smooth. Senecio pseudanreus, or Canada Ragwort, grows from one to two feet high from a creeping rootstock. The basal leaves are broadly ovate, somewhat cordate and serrate, and have long stalks, while the lower stem leaves are more or less lobed and the upper stem leaves are sessile. The rays are orange-yellow. Senecio discoideus, or Northern Squaw-weed, is smooth except for small tufts of wool in the axils of the lower leaves. The stem is stout and the basal leaves are oval obtuse, thin, sharply toothed and abruptly narrowed into stalks longer than the blade; the stem leaves are few, small and more or less cut into narrow lobes. The flower heads grow in a loose flat-topped cluster and the rays are very short or none. Senecio flavovirens, or Western Balsam Groundsel, is a slender pale yellow-green plant with tufts of wool at the base of the leaves, which are broadly oval, obtuse, crenate and taper into the stalks. The lower stem leaves are lanceolate in outline and the upper ones linear sessile and deeply pinnatifid. The flower heads have linear acute bracts with brownish tips and the rays are pale yellow or often lacking.
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Is saying that some theists are irrational dependent on whether theism is true? Plantinga says that in order to say that theism is irrational, one must first show that theism is false or that Plantinga’s own model of warranted religious belief is false. Hence, Plantinga is saying that the question of rationality is not independent of the question of truth, according to his model. One problem I have is that I’m not sure I would just plainly say “theism is irrational”. I would say theists themselves can be irrational or rational, which has more to do with persons. For instance, I would not say that Aquinas was irrational in his belief in God. On the other hand, I would say that someone (some theist) is being irrational if they say they believe in God only because it feels good or because they flipped a coin, and they are still being irrational even if God does exist (or doesn’t exist). And, some theists could presumably be (and are) irrational in their belief in God, even if Plantinga’s model is true. For instance, some theists’ cognitive faculties, as Plantinga words it, could be broken and that’s why they have come to believe that God exists based on dubious reasons. So, I’m not sure one would have to show that Plantinga’s model is false (or that theism is false) in order to say theism is irrational (whatever that means). If we have no good reason to accept Plantinga’s model as being true, then we should not believe that it is true (which is not the same thing as saying it is false). And once again, I think there is a distinction between “theism is irrational” and “some theists are irrational”. I don’t see the latter as being necessarily tied to theism being true or Plantinga’s model being true. Maybe Plantinga’s response to all of this is to grant that a theist (or theism) can be rational if God exists, not necessarily that all theists are rational. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
Some Icons Are Verbs, Some Icons Are Nouns Getting fluent at the Language of Iconography You see icons everywhere now, in websites, in apps, in software. It is an essential part of UI elements. UI is a language, so is iconography. In fact, some icons are verbs, some are nouns. Iconography is a language Iconography is so close to our traditional language system, that referring iconography as a language may differ from referring UI design as a language, because the latter is more of a metaphor and the former is more literal. So literal, that we create fonts for icons now, just like we do with text. In fact, in the early years of human history, you can’t really differentiate icon from text, they are ultimately the same thing: Ancient Chinese Each icon has its meaning. But unlike word, which most of the time has multiple meanings, each icon only has one meaning. That is why it is becoming more and more popularly used in UI design. UI should be clear, no double meaning, and icon has it in its nature. Another advantage icon has over text in UI design, is its universalness. You don’t need to translate it to other languages, everyone understands it. Like how our nature languages got developed thousands of years ago, iconography is going through the same process. Gradually the language gets richer, gets larger and larger vocabulary, and then a system will emerge – the grammar. Currently icon is at its early stage, where the language is growing its vocabulary. The noun project did a great job making this a team effort using crowd sourcing. The noun project, search results of “menu” When search “menu” at the noun project, you will get multiple results. These different interpretations of the same icon is equivalent to the same word set in different typefaces: the same word set in different typefaces It is not equivalent to saying the same word “menu” in different languages as “menu”, “菜单“, “menú”, “valikko”. Ultimately iconography is (or will be) one single language that is world wide universal, despite culture and geography differences. And that is beauty of it. Android icon system vs. iOS icon system Android icon system and iOS icon system shared some glyphs, for example, the hamburger icon for menu: mailbox app on iOS and Android both used hamburger icon for menu but they also have their own special glyphs that the other one doesn’t have the equivalent, such as android’s three vertical dots icon (joke name: kebab menu) image by Luke Wroblewski Some glyphs, they both have their own versions, such as “share”: iOS share on the left, Android share on the right These are so drastically different, that I consider them equivalent to the same word “share” spoken in different languages, such as French(“partager”) and English(“share”). Some words are similarity spelled (flower vs. fleur), while other words are completely different (food vs. nourriture); some words exist in one language, but not in other languages, such as “Fernweh” in German which means: the feeling of wanting to be somewhere else, this word doesn’t exist in many other languages. Icon will be in the same way, each system has a growing number of icons, and inevitably they will grow into two different systems, consist of unique icons that the other system doesn’t have, icon that shared the same meaning but not the same shape, icons that looks similar but not exactly the same, all above. Icons are now included in unicode If you aren’t familiar with unicode, it is a growing library of standard characters. It gives each character a unique id, and use it across platforms, so no matter which country you are in, whether you are using Mac or Windows, we all know which character you are speaking of. It used to just contain the main stream languages’ characters, such as latin characters, later on it included CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean) characters, and now more and more icons are part of unicode too, such as ✏! When you send a smiley face from your iPhone to your friend’s android phone, you aren’t sending image of smiley face any longer, instead you are sending the unicode U+263A, and on the other end, the operating system will understand this unicode as smiley face and render the smiley face emoji icon. Different phones may have different emoji icon sets, so your friend may not see the exact same emoji icon you sent out from your phone, but they will know it is a smiley face. It is similar to you send text “hello!” in Helvetica from your iPhone, but your friend will see it in Roboto on their android phone. Some icons are verbs, some are nouns If we treat icon as a language, then let’s get into the juicy part: the grammar. While letter is the smallest unit in language, icons resembles word more than letter. Icon carries meaning, just like word does. In some cases in UI design, the meaning of an icon is placed below it, like on TED.com Some icons are verbs in this example, such as “pause”, “favorite”, “download”. Some are debatable, they could be either a verb or noun, like the volume icon, while “volume” itself is a noun, the icon has underlying meaning of “change the volume”. google analytics use icons in the side tabs In this google analytics example, the icons used are all nouns. For example, audience icon couldn’t be interpreted as verb. the people figures icon means audience. It couldn’t be interpreted as verb in any way. A good practice of choosing icons, is to use the right category of icons grammar wise. One good example is choosing icon for floating action buttons. The icon on floating action button should always be a verb because the button should indicate an action. See the following examples of floating action buttons: they are all using verb icons. Floating actions buttons use verb icons, images from materialup.com “add”, “clean”, “write”, “search”, those icons are verbs, used on floating action buttons to suggest actions. On tabs, however, if we choose to use icon or icon + word to represent the tabs, the icon should be a noun. The google analytics is a good example of using noun icons on tabs, as well as the example below Tab use noun icons, images from materialup.com To sum up, some icons are verbs, some are nouns, some could vaguely be both. Try to use the right classification of icon in applied places, such as tabs and floating action buttons. What is next? If we see icons as a new language, then this would be the first time ever we collaborate on creating a language in such a global scale, in such an active way too. There are designers posting icons everyday on dribbble.com and the noun project, and new icon services popping up every now and then too. and the newest member: https://nucleoapp.com/ But it is still early to declare creating a new language is what we are doing. Most icons are just created for its own specific use in particular apps and websites. We are accumulating vocabularies. Inevitably, people will create two very different icons for the exact same meaning. What I see next is that after we have accumulated big enough vocabulary, we will start to eliminate some of them that shared the exact same meaning. Having different drawing style of the same icon is good and very necessary, but having 2 different icons shared the exact same meaning will only create recognition barrier and UX noises. Camera icons from the noun projects different drawing styles of the camera icon Having these camera icons in different drawing styles are necessary, because icon needs to fit into individual design’ visual system. We need icons to be drawn differently, in solid fill style, or line style, or more elaborative or more minimalistic styles, depending on what type of design we are creating. Share icons from the noun projects two completely different icons share the exact same meaning “share” However having these two icons which have the same meaning “share” are not necessary and bad, and when time is right, we will work on eliminating them, so that we will have a clean, efficient, abundant but not redundant language system of icons. Written by Wenting Zhang, creator of underline.js and typedetail.com. Mostly writing about typography, iconography and colors, or jokes around design and tech. If you are interested in these topics, follow me on medium or on twitter @DesignJokes.
National Mentoring Month – January 2019 Success comes with learning and what better way than with a mentor! Thanking your mentors might feel a little silly or embarrassing, but gratefulness goes a long way. The custom of mentoring is so traditional it even dates back before Greek mythology. In the book, “The Odyssey,” there is a character—called the mentor—whose sole purpose is to guide others in life. Mentoring does not only include professional development. You can also be mentored in beauty, life skills, craftsmanship and hobbies. January is best known for National Mentoring Month and giving your time back to those who help you. National Mentoring Month - History Technology Defines a Generation With the use of new technology, many millennial and gen-x generations focused the use of mentoring on individual development, instead of a career shift. The International Mentoring Association is Formed One of the largest mentoring programs today was first started by a small group of individuals interested in connecting youth to older mentors in Michigan. 750 B.C.E The Creation of the Word Mentor The word mentor is believed to arise from the "Mentor" character from Homer’s National Mentoring Month Activities 1. Be a mentor for someone Join a mentoring program if available in your city, or be a helping hand to someone who needs assistance. The best part about being a mentor is that there is no age limit. Excel in one skill and it can be taught to others. 2. Find a mentor to guide you Decide what goals you want to achieve. If the goals are professional improvements, search for a mentor in your work place. Finding a mentor will be easier to find once you know what goals to achieve. 3. Treat the mentors in your life Thank your mentor with a nice gift this month, or take them out for lunch. Mentors tend to be very patient and deserve all the appreciation given to them. Even if money is an issue the simple gesture of thanking them for their time and work in you makes all the difference. Best Mentor/Mentee Relationships In The Movies 1. "Good Will Hunting" Sean Maguire and Will Hunting 2. "Harry Potter" Albus Dumbledore and Harry Potter 3. "The Karate Kid" Mr. Miyagi and Daniel 4. "Star Wars" Yoda and Luke 5. "Rocky" Micky and Rocky Balboa Why We Love National Mentoring Month 1. Mentoring creates unity Mentoring allows people to grow and improve themselves. It brings people from all walks of life together. Goals are so much more attainable when there is a mentor who helps you accomplish your vision. 2. Seeking a mentor builds courage National Mentoring Month is a great way to introduce yourself to others and build courage. It can be daunting to ask someone to mentor you, but it all starts with what you want to succeed in. 3. Mentor others to help your community Many states offer chances for young people to join mentoring communities. Even if you are changing professions or are looking for a new start the mentoring programs allow for people of all ages to meet others to help them to achieve their goals.
Geology Midterm #1 Terms in this set (...) Percent of Earths surface covered in water Developed hypothesis of continental drift Alfred Wegener Components of culture are artifacts, social institutions and... Koppen-Geiger drier climates are under the letter B Three largest populations on a single landmass Worlds population 7billion total and 11billion in 2050 Earth rotates to the The islands of the Caribbean Sea belong to the Middle America realm. Where geographic realms meet transition zones, .....forces tie a nation together. A map with the fractional scale 1:250,000,000 has a ______scale than one with a scale of 1:1,000,000. The area surround an urban center is its At the height of the Pleistocene Glaciations, glacial ice extended as far south as the Ohio River Culture refers to patterns of learned behavior Nearly all of the world's richest countries lie in the __________ happens when people move and take their culture to a new location. Relocation Diffusion United Kingdom consists of ____ Northern Ireland, England, Wales, and Scotland. The European Union in 2014 contains _______ than it did when founded in 1957. More member states the Ruhr is not located in Paris Basin. It is in the Germany, near the Rhine The three largest Nordic countries all have their major concentrations of population in the southern part of their land area. one of the principals of spatial interaction is NOT Expansion diffusion the process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central Most populous country in the Europe Realm Wide plain that runs from western France to Poland North European Lowland The "Balkamization" of a region implies its political breakup A characteristic feature of Mediterranean Europe is the region's ___________________ especially on the Spanish Meseta. absence of natural forests ____________ is NOT one of the Four Motors of Europe Tirana, Albania The lowest income part of Italy is the The largest economy in Europe is Members of the European Union Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary are The Industrial Revolution began in The country in the Europe Realm with the largest area is The Iberian Peninsula is where ______ can be found is used to describe an inland climate that is remote from the moderating influences of large water bodies. refers to the range of conditions experienced over a long The southern border of Russia is about 50 degree N the name of the industrial region along the Volga Largest unbroken lowland in the world West Siberian Plain Murmansk, St. Petersburg, Vladivostok, and Kaliningrad are important Russian seaports, but Moscow is not a seaport The Ural Mountains may be described rich in mineral resources Russia's economy is highly dependent on its exports of oil and natural gas Lake Baikal in Russia is notable for being so In the past ten years Russia's population has During World War II, Soviet dictator Josef Stalin ordered the entire population of _______ exiled to the desert of Kazakhstan. Lenin's Tomb, the Kremlin, and St. Basil's Cathedral are in central Moscow, but the the Winter Palace is in St. Petersburg. The term "_______" is closely associated with taiga Coniferous trees In 2006 Azerbaijan began exporting oil to world markets via a pipeline through In the 16th Century, ________________ transformed Russia into a major military power and imperial state. Czar Ivan IV (the The huge size of Russia leads to decreased interactions among its farflung population, which geographers cite as an example of distance decay Russia's population density is greatest in the ________part of the country. _______is the Canadian province that contains the majority of Frenchspeaking The largest city in French-speaking Canada is The population of Canada is about the same as The two major language groups in Canada are English and French. __________ but not Wisconsin, Texas or Pennsylvania, contains territory located in the Intermontane Basin and Plateau physiographic province. but not Wisconsin, Texas or Pennsylvania, contains territory located in the Intermontane Basin and Plateau physiographic province. The major mountain chain in the eastern United States is the ________ . About ___% of US territory still remains in the hands of Native American . The first European settlement in what is now the United States was at St. Augustine, Florida. . The Great Lakes' main outlet to the sea is the St. Lawrence River. From 1790 until 2010, the center of US population has moved from _______ to Missouri. Humid America is generally considered to be ___________ east of 100° W longitude. The dryness in the western half of the US is largely due to the rain shadow . The recently created political unit of _________ is populated and governed by indigenous "First Nations" people. The ______ religious denomination is predominant at location X, below. Baptist (lower south area... not florida) In 1980, the geographic form of the American city was most strongly shaped by the The primary migration "pull factor" for the US is economic opportunity. Ethnic concentrations in the US include Asians and the Pacific Coast, Native Americans and the West, Blacks and Mississippi, but NOT Hispanics and South Dakota Haiti was once a colony of A narrow strip of land connecting two larger land bodies is known as an The core area of the Aztec state was located in the Valley of Mexico. that import capital and skills and usually produce only one crop for Plantations are efficient operations _______________initiated the decline of the Aztec civilization, not the Mayan Hernan Cortez The term applied to persons of mixed white and Amerindian ancestry is The "Switzerland of Central America," the region's only truly democratic republic, is Costa Rica. Panama was part of _________ before its 1903 US-supported revolution achieved independence. Communal land ownership in Mexico is by organizations called A _________is a foreign owned factory in northern Mexico that assembles duty-free goods. Cuba, on the largest Caribbean island, became independent in the 20th Century, ____________________ and has a cigar industry that is important. officially encourages tourism, The principal language of Cuba is The _________ elevation zone is typically used for dairying and growing barley and potatoes, according to altitudinal zonation tierra fria The Maya language is still spoken today in the Yucatán and Guatemala . The nationality of citizens of Curaçao is A devastating _________ struck Portau-Prince, Haiti on January 10, 2010. Bolivia, Ecuador, and Colombia are partially inside the Amazon Basin, but Paraguay is entirely outside it. The climate of Central Chile is South America's largest city in population is São Paulo. __________ population remains concentrated on its periphery, although many interior locations are growing rapidly. South America's The world's largest wetland is the Pantanal de Mato Grosso. . In the European-Commercial Region 85 percent of the population is pure Patagonia lies in both Argentina and Major reasons for bringing Africans as slaves to Brazil include its plantation economy, small Amerindian population, and the low cost of slave labor. Africans had no experience in sugar cane production. The Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 stipulated that a boundary was to be drawn separating newly "discovered" territories of Spain and Portugal. The ______ Current is a cool offshore ocean current conducive to commercial fishing that flows parallel to the Peruvian coastline. . In the Latin American city model, the elite residential sector contains the commercial/industrial spine. ____________ are coffee plantations. The poorest area of Brazil is the The major Brazilian city located on the Amazon River is Venezuela's Lake Maracaibo is famous its oil deposits Angel Falls is located in the same country as the Orinoco River. The world's driest desert, the Atacama, is located in northern Chile.
twitter google New Study Proves Having An Active Social Life Is Good For Seniors To Stay Healthy! It’s likely no surprise to most that seniors can often suffer a decline in their health if they are alone on a daily basis, as your mental health can impact so much of your physical health. One of the biggest challenges that families face when their loved ones get into those golden years, is how will be able to take care of themselves alone? Will they be safe? Will they be lonely? New research shows that if those seniors are living with some form of a social life, even meeting with peers or friends twice per week, that they could very well be obtaining a natural method of increasing their brain health just by sharing a meal, or playing a card game. The research team at Northwestern University has been busy looking into the group of “SuperAgers”, and how their memories are often more sharp than those much younger in their 30’s. During the studying process, they look into resources such as brain scanning, and neuropsychological testing. The findings displayed the Superager group members as those with thicker cortexes, they also had a resistance to things like age-related atrophy, and larger area of the brain where it stores the functions of how to pay attention, and how to operate an exceptional memory abilities. Those that do participate in routine social engagements, such as group meeting settings for an hour or two a few times per week have a wonderful edge up on their peers that don’t engage in social activities. The article on the Chicago Tribune describing all of these wonderful findings certainly brings some light to the topic of how such a subtle change in your week can make lifelong lasting improvements in your health. Start now, if you feel you aren’t getting enough socialization in you week. Perhaps you’re a stay at home parent that mostly spends your time around little ones with seldom time interacting with adults. Getting involved in a social setting even once per week for 1 hour could greatly improve not only your memory, but your sanity, and your self esteem as well. Follow RM Healthy New Articles
Accounts Payable Sometimes referred to as trade payables, accounts payable is an account sub-ledger that records all the amounts that a company or a person owes to suppliers but has not paid yet. A debit signifies a decrease in any of 3 instances: . 1. A liability: such as Accounts Payable 2. Equity: such as Capital Draw. 3. Revenue: a debit to a revenue account decreases it. Correct Answer:. not affect total assets.. Accounts Payable is a liability. Accounts receivable is an asset. If you are looking for a college level book to follow: Crash Coursein Accounting and Financial Statement Analysis, 2nd Edition Matan Feldman Arkady Libman ISBN: 978-0-470-04701-9 Accounting Principles, 7th Edition, with PepsiCo Annual Report Jerry J. Weygandt, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison Donald E.... They are the same; in the financial year we earned income. Trade unions are organizations made up of workers and their representatives that negotiate with employers for pay, benefits, work conditions, and schedules. An accounts payable is a "Liability" account. Payable being the "key" word, meaning something you have to "Pay" or "Owe".. ALL payable accounts are liabilities no matter what they are for. Whether it is a bill payable, mortgage payable, note payable, wages payable, etc, they are all listed as a... Yes, a debit decrease liability and a credit increase liability. ifa debtors/customer make the repayment obligation, it will decreasedebtors, meaning decrease in liability. Debiting the Projects expenses once they are approved and before they are paid or accrued violates all Accounting standards and distorts Financial reporting .The NFP Organization may keep track of projects Payments through budgeted Accounts in its Accounting System. The bast book ever on "Financial Management " is "Fundamentals of Financial Management" by Jam C. Van Horne and it can be purchased online by the residents of Europe from at cheap wholesale prices The person that receives is the the Debit account. The giver is thecredit account. Current Assets: 1 - cash 2 - bank 3 - inventory Current liabilities: 1- accounts payable 2 - loan payable 3 - tax payable etc The current portion of long-term debt is usually broken out to an a liability account known as Current Portion-Long Term Debt. This is usually for a 12-month period. Using the amortization schedule for the loan, debit the long-term note account for the 12 month period of principal and credit the... Notes payable is same like accounts payable aliability of business and it is shown under current liabilitysection of balance sheet. financial statement order Who says accounting is a science. It is not. It's just simply a way to manage and control money flowing in and out of company. Any accounting theory is not based on some scientific experiments, it is not required. Managing money is no science so, accounting is what it is: Just a set a general... No difference. It is just a matter of symantics (different ways to say the same thing). Capital is one of the major problems of small business enterprise. Yes. And Liabilties are increased by credits. Dividend payable is the amount which ispayable by the company to share holders so it is a liability ofcompany and not an asset. The exact year of Mansa Musa's birth is unknown. Accounts Payable and Notes Payable are liabilities. Accounts receivable - assets . All "payable" accounts are "liabilities". This is because a liability is something the company OWES, a payable is the very same thing, hence the term "payable". Though some payable accounts change from being a... Give the check to someone you trust, and have them do it. Then, just get the money from them. yes you can. blizzard does not know what your accounts are for private servers. so as long as you dont go around advertising your private server, blizzard will have no reason to ban you for private servers. it can reveal any nip slips on any of the accountants. also helps with the blood sausage. Each business transaction will have only two entries. all expenses are debited Journal for transfer of donation amount unspent to corefund for project Expenses DR To bank CR To cash CR ( Budget amount spent ) For core fund Bank Cash Advance To Transfer of balance of project To TDS transfer to HO Yes, stick war2 is on its way probably around february 2011 this year. assets, liabilities, stockholders' equity, revenues, expense Three most important reports generated by the accounts payable department? . Debit Note - Money being taken out such as invoiced or charged Credit Note - Money being given back such as refund or over payment. General Journal Sales Returns and Allowances - A company with sales returns and allowances can record them in the General Journal. There are several things that people may not enjoy about theirjobs, including the money. People may also not enjoy dealing withcustomers. A cash advance received from customer journal entry is requiredwhen a business receives a cash payment from a customer in advanceof delivering goods or services. Liability has credit balance as normal balanceso credit joins credit and increases it while assets has debitbalance as normal balance so debit and credit cannot join togetherlike plus plus is equals to plus. non financial assets characteristics Prepaid Expenses would normally have a debit balance. Paid in capital is liability for business and like all liabilitiesit also has credit balance as normal balance. Total manufacturing cost. A company assigns overhead cost to completed jobs on the basis of 116% of direct labor cost. The job cost sheet for Job 413 shows that $23,936 in direct materials has been used on the job and that $10,400 in direct labor cost has been incurred. A total of 1,450 units were... Preliminary expense are those expense which incurred before startof operating activity so it is called other assets and shown inasset side of balance sheet. The outstanding liabilities are which are not paid yet. These outstanding liabilities are due on company's balance sheet and we have to pay them. Muhammad Asif MBA (Finance) 1) USD Provider and EURO Provider, directly or through their authorized mandated representative would accept, sign, seal and returna private currencies exchange agreement, along with IMFPA which is an integral part of this PFCTA, by fax or e-mail (hard copies to be sent by courier service if... Accounting provides businesses with useful and relevantinformation. The more accurate the information, the more thebusiness can base business decisions on the information. Accounts Payable on the Balance sheet represents a liability. It is the amount to be payable by the business/person to which/whom such balance sheet relates. It generally includes short term payments. The payments which need to be made for day to day business activites. It is important to know which financial statements are beingreferred to in order to know which include significant accountestimates. Providing the statements would be helpful. Perform the day to day processing of financial transactions to ensure that municipal finances are maintained in an effective, up to date and accurate manner Main Activities: Receive and verify... the ability to back flip whilst balancing several fish bowls on your head.. Vernon Street Capital is a company that provides individuals the ability to get into the lending industry. They provide a complete training program in addition to a lending platform to submit loans. They also have a variety of additional financial products to offer their customers who may be having... In answer to your question: no. Accounts Payable is the total amount you owe to your creditors, therefore it is a liability and should be left on your balance sheet. debit accumulated depreciation debit cash credit asset credit gain on sale of asset Debit to Cash (or Accounts Receivable) for the sale Price. Debit to Accumulated Depreciation for the total amount of depreciation charged against that piece of equipment since its original purchase date. Credit to... The main difference is: An account receivable is an account that is expected to be paid off in one year or less making it a current asset. A note receivable is generally used for any account that.Accounts Receivable and Notes Receivable are very important to a company. These two accounts will show... Generally Service Revenue is nothing more than Revenue made by providing a service. If you paint a persons house for $5,000, you provided a service and the Revenue you brought in due to that service is considered SERVICE REVENUE. excluding tax because the inside column on financial statements is used for subtotaling includes the ability to collapse or expand a document six and seventy four hundredths To supervise that all accounting entries ,payments and receivables are posted correctly and timely. purchase, marketing, selling and distribution expenses, production When liability is payable within one fiscalyear then it is current liability while one liability is payablewithin more than one period then Is non-current liability. Unearned Revenue is any "revenue" that a company or business has received but has not yet earned. I recently ordered a Sharper Image Grill, the company I ordered the grill from has my money, I have paid for this item, but I have not received the item yet. Until they ship the item and I receive it... First of all, all accounts needs to be definedin company charts of accounts. So if any account is not alreadyexists, first create it in charts of accounts for anytransaction. Short term loans, Insurance prepaid a/c as per accounting norms.the organisation and the owners are different persons. eg in partnership firm and partners,company and shareholders. thus any contribution received from the latter is considered as liability. equity is shown seperately from liability because of the basic difference in its... f I got your question right then a DD has been issued from bank XYZin your name and you want to deposit it in ABC. I don't see aproblem in this. If the DD only has your name on it you can depositit in any bank where you have an account. While if the DD has yourbank & account details printed along... 800-283-7918 is a toll free number to reach CitiMortgage. Good luck! the answer is........... account title; cash 2600 merchandise sold 1500 debit the client account (debtor account) and credit the income account (bill amount) it's a liability account, it is use to record the amount of money employer owe to employee Long term liability becomes the currentliability in that year in which it is to be cleared so Yes, longterm liability become current liability. Management accounting starts where financial accountingends
Tabling a bill means that it is placed on a table for discussion? already exists. Would you like to merge this question into it? already exists as an alternate of this question. exists and is an alternate of . In Uncategorized 1 person found this useful What is a table? A piece of furniture that has four legs and a plate like structureon top of it. Or it is a graph you can put values and comments into. What effect does tabling a bill in committee have? The effect of a tabling a bill in committee enables the members todiscuss the bill. It is important for the bill to have a person whoproposes it and the second you who seconds it. What do the periods mean on the periodic table? The periods mean the number of lines there are on the periodic table of elements. For example: Hydrogen is in period 1 Iron is in Period Four The periodic table includes ___ _______ periods. Answer: What does Hg on the periodic table mean? Hg is the symbol for Mercury It comes from the Latin word hydrargyrum no its not its the symbol for hydrogen and it comes from the Irish word hydrargyrum What Does Ga Mean on A Periodic Table? \n. \n. \nGa on the periodic table means Gallium\n. \n[MORE INFO...]\n. \nMass number is 70\nAtomic number is 31\n. \n=p What does it mean when a bill is 'tabled'? In U.S. parliamentary procedure, it means that the deliberative body has ended discussion of a resolution In non-U.S. parliamentary procedure it means that the body has taken up discussion of a resolution. What is tables? In relational databases and flat file databases, a table is a set of data elements (values) that is organized using a model of vertical columns (which are identified by their name) and horizontal rows. A table has a specified number of columns, but can have any number of rows [ citation needed ] . ( Full Answer ) What is a round table discussion? An open discussion where everybody is on an equal footing. Nobody is at the head of the table; you're all peers. The implication is that everyone has an equal voice and that you can speak your mind freely on the subject. When did chlorine get placed in the periodic table? 1806 was the date of first recognition of chlorine as an element. Chlorine was placed in all of the first three attempts at periodic classification -- Newlands in 1864, Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer in 1869. There was really no such thing as a 'periodic table' before 1869. What is tabling a bill? means that the vote on it is simply adjourned until a later time. It comes from the concept that the bill is put back on the table to await future action instead of being voted on and moved to the next appropriate step in the legislative process Why is thallium placed on the periodic table? Thallium is placed on the periodic table because all elements are put there.. If you meant where is thallium placed it is element 81, group 13, period 6. How are elements placed in the periodic table? Elements are arranged into rows in order of increasing mass, so that elements with similar properties were in the same column. They are organized by type, such as nonmetals, metals, and metalloids, and solids, liquid, gas, or not found in nature. What exactly is tabling a bill? What is the meaning of table appointments in table settings? The Table Appointments Include any Item Used to Set a Table; Tablecloth, Place mats, Dinnerware, Glassware, Flatware and Centrepiece ---------------------------------------------------------- Table appointments are implements used for dining, which consist of linen, silverware, dinnerware, glas ( Full Answer ) What does it mean when a bill is laid on the table? It is to "kill" a bill that was not accepeted by a committee in congress. More than 90% of proposed bills are tabled. After the bill has been "tabled", the full House or Senate can override committee decisions (but this rarely happens). Where are the metals placed in the periodic table? All of the metals on the periodic table are on the left side. Your periodic table probably has what looks like a broken diagonal line running around the middle. Everything to the left of this line (except hydrogen) is a metal. How was helium placed in the periodic table? It comes second because it has the second lowest relative atomic mass (2). . The reason it is on the right hand side instead of the left is because it is a noble gas and has a full outer shell of electrons. What does table a motion mean? In British English, to table a motion, means to bring up a motion for debate. In American English, it means to postpone a motion. Opposites! What does table mean in math terms? In math a table is a chart. For example times table is a chart that shows all the multiples of the numbers on the chart. 1 2 3 4 X One. 1 2 3 4 X two. 2 4 6 8 X three. 3 6 9 12 X four. 4 8 12. 16. What CD was set a place at your table on? Justin Bieber singing an original song in STEREO written by Jake Leiske and produced by Jay Riehl and recorded at the swamp recording studio located near Gadshill Ontario, just outside of Stratford Ontario. The CD is called "Set a Place at Your Table". The song was produced for a CD to raise money ( Full Answer ) What does tables mean? A table is a flat-topped piece of furniture used for dining or other activities. A table is also a form of data display containing elements list in columns and rows. The verb "to table" in legislative terms has different meanings in US and world parliamentary use. The primary use of tabling outsid ( Full Answer ) Where the dot on pool table is placed? The only dot typically applied to a pool table is for the rack spot. This spot is located where the foot line and center line cross. The foot line is an imaginary line connecting the 2nd diamond from the end where the balls are racked. The center line is the imaginary line connecting the center diam ( Full Answer ) Why is radium placed on the periodic table? because who ever put it there wanted it on the periodic table. i mean no one really knows but its obvious that that old person wanted it in the periodic table cause he thought it would balance it out.... i really don't know i just guess lol hahahahaha but i bet you read this any ways. What is the meaning of the pow-mia table? The POW/MIA table is symbolic of members of the armed forces who have become prisoners of war in foreign countries as well as those who are missing and unaccounted for. There 2 different versions of the table: one place setting, and up to 6 or even more. The table with only one place setting is ( Full Answer ) What place the table tennis started? The game of table tennis has its roots in lawn tennis. When lawn tennis became very popular in the 1870s & 1880s, game makers tried to emulate its' success by developing indoor versions of the game. David Foster of England introduced the first action game of tennis on a table in 1890. What do the numbers on a periodic table mean? At the very least, the atomic number and atomic weight of each element will be displayed on a periodic table. The atomic number is the number of protons in the nuclei of the atoms of a given element. The number of protons identifies an element, i.e. each element has its own unique atomic number. The ( Full Answer ) What does H2SO4 mean on the periodic table? The chemical compound H 2 SO 4 is not on the Periodic Table as it is a compound not an element. However, it is made up of three elements: Hydrogen, Sulphur and Oxygen. In one molecule of this compound there are 7 atoms: 2 Hydrogen atoms, 1 Sulphur atom and 4 Oxygen atoms. The common name for H 2 SO ( Full Answer ) What does group mean in a periodic table? The group number is the number of electrons in the outer shell of the element. They are columns that move along from left to right, 1 to 18, increasing. So elements in group one will have one electron in its outer shell, and so on. Note: electrons in the outer shell of an element are called vale ( Full Answer ) Who did Macbeth lay a place for at the table? Nobody. He was the King, not a kitchen wench. A place was laid at the table for Banquo, but of course it was. Do you think Macbeth could go to the kitchen staff and say, "Uh, don't bother setting a place for Banquo since he's going to be dead by suppertime. Not that I know anything about it. How cou ( Full Answer ) Where is the best place to buy a Stiga Table Tennis table? Many sporting goods stores carry Stiga Table Tennis tables. You can also often find them in general merchandise or discount stores like Wal-Mart. They are sold in nearly 100 countries around the world. Where do you place the spot on a pool table? The spot, referred to as the foot spot, is placed at the intersection of two imaginary lines. The first is the line in the center of the table that runs the length of the table. The second is an imaginary line connecting the second diamonds from the end of the table. How are isotopes placed in the periodic table? Isotopes and their prevalence are not shown on the periodic table. Instead, the atomic weight shown for each element is an average of the atomic weights of all naturally-occurring isotopes (calculated from percentages occurring on Earth). Where are the actinides placed in the periodic table? The actinide series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium. There are two rows below the periodic table, the first row is lanthanides and the second row is actinides. What does table it mean? It means to delay making a decision on a matter- leaving it on thetable, rather than acting on it.
Cheating Is A Motive Behind Cheating 2585 Words Nov 30th, 2016 11 Pages Cheating is , “ representing someone else 's work as your own”. This includes sharing another 's work , paying for others to do your work, and or purchasing a piece of work. This means turning it in or not it 's still cheating because in reality in a piece of work or content done by someone. Cheating is inferior because it lowers your ability to do something. It may lead you to think that you can 't do it. Causes of Cheating There is a motive behind cheating. In fact, many reasons. Some of them include that they believe that they will not pass. Also, pressure by others, maybe workload can be too heavy , the pressure from parents into passing, too many assessments in one day, professor might have also not explained as well for the student to be able to understand the content ,or maybe the pressure of having a good job . A good job means good grades. Another motive might be unfair teachers. There might be unfair test meaning a test on work content that you have not studied on. Another reason can be harsh grading. This means that maybe you have a little part of the question misunderstood and the professor would mark it wrong or ect. Another reason might be the student itself. He or she may have not studied the content that they were supposed to. Another reason might be the fact that the student was absent the day when some notes or content was given. Others may influence cheating as well. Students or others may think that cheating is “helping” a friend or being “loyal”… More about Cheating Is A Motive Behind Cheating Open Document
The Poverty And Poor Economic Infrastructure 2224 Words Jun 16th, 2015 9 Pages CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Throughout the world, it has become increasingly noticeable in recent decades that the gap between the developed and developing nations of the world continues to widen to an almost unfathomable proportion. This truth is not only been seen from an individual wage earner’s perspective, as it is truly a regional and global economic phenomenon (Ojo and Gaul (2012)) . It is no secret that much of the world has been concerned over the course of the past century with the amount of poverty that is existent in various parts of the globe, and how the rate of poverty seems to only be increasing. Consider the abject poverty and poor economic infrastructure that has been endemic to the countries of Africa for all of the modern era. According to Ana (2007) one of the primary reasons limiting economic expansion in countries such as Nigeria is that basic lack of access to financial capital that is necessary to usher in an era of expansion and prosperity. Since it is now a near universal reality that locally owned small and medium sized enterprises can rarely expand at a level that supports sustainable growth over a long period of time, microfinance has become a most sought after option that should be considered in Nigeria due to the cumbersome process involved in acquired loans from commercial banks and in the end only credit worthy clients loans are approved leaving the poor majority of the population unenthusiastic in entrepreneurship. There are many… Open Document
Truman 's Choice Was A Good One 989 Words Apr 5th, 2016 4 Pages On August 6, 1945, a bomb with the force of 20,000 tons of TNT, was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Three days later a similar bomb was dropped on the city Nagasaki. Both cities were effectively eradicated and so was there people. Six days after that, Japan surrendered, thus ending World War II. Americans supported the action of Truman, that is until they saw the images of the destructive power of the bomb. The horrific images showing the victims of radiation and of burns that are caused by the force of the sun. As the Christian Century writes “What the use of poison gas did to the reputation of Germany in World war I, the use of the atomic bomb has done for the reputation of the United States in World War II.” The people of America began to question is Truman’s choice was a good one. Could have there been a different way to end the war without using Nuclear force? After six years of war, Germany finally surrendered. This did not mean that Japan would too. Both countries ultimately entered the war for different reasons. Germany did not because other countries declared war on it because of their imperialism in Europe. Japan entered the war because they saw a opportunity to acquire land in the Pacific and jumped on it, even if it meant war. So when Germany surrendered, it did not really affect Japan 's plan. They still wanted land and continued to fight for it. Truman only learned of the bomb when he became president. It had only recently been tested and found… Open Document
Legionnaires' Disease Cooling Towers and Evaporative Condensers What is Legionnaires' disease? Legionnaires' disease occurs more frequently in men than women. It usually affects middle-aged or elderly people, and it more commonly affects smokers or people with other chest problems. About half the cases of Legionnaires' disease are caught abroad - useful advice on travel can be obtained from the European Working Group for Legionella Infections. The other half are the result of infections acquired in the UK. How do people get it? The agent that causes Legionnaires' disease is a bacterium called Legionella pneumophilia. People catch Legionnaires' disease by inhaling small droplets of water suspended in the air, which contain the bacteria. Certain conditions increase the risk from legionella: • a suitable temperature for growth, 20 to 45oC; • a source of nutrients for the organism, eg sludge, scale, rust, algae, and other organic matter;and • a way of creating and spreading breathable droplets, eg the aerosol created by a cooling tower or spa pool. However, remember that most people exposed to legionella do not become ill, and Legionnaires' disease does not spread from person to person. What are the symptoms? The symptoms of Legionnaires' disease are similar to those of flu: • high temperature, fever and chills; • cough; • muscle pains; and • headache. In a bad case there may also be pneumonia, and occasionally diarrhoea and signs of mental confusion. Where does it come from? Legionella bacteria are widespread in nature, mainly living in natural water systems, eg rivers and ponds. However, the conditions are rarely right for people to catch the disease from these sources. Outbreaks of the illness occur from exposure to legionella growing in purpose-built systems where the water is maintained at a temperature high enough to encourage growth, eg cooling towers, evaporative condensers, spa pools, and hot water systems used in all sorts of premises (work and domestic). Most community outbreaks in the UK have been linked to installations such as cooling towers, which can spread droplets of water over a wide area. These are found as part of air-conditioning and industrial cooling systems. Fatal cases of Legionnaires' disease have also been associated with spa pool demonstrations. What measures are there to control legionella? To prevent exposure to the legionella bacteria, you as a dutyholder must comply with legislation that requires you to manage, maintain and treat water systems in your premises properly. This will include, but not be limited to, appropriate water treatment and cleaning regimes. Remember, legionella can grow in any workplace if the conditions are right - you do not have to work with microbiological agents, eg in a laboratory, for exposure to occur. If you are responsible for any of the water systems described in HSE's Approved Code of Practice (ACoP) and Guidance "Legionnaires' disease: The control of legionella bacteria in water systems" (L8) you will need to assess the risk of employees and others in the workplace contracting Legionnaires' disease. Copies of L8 can be purchased from HSE Books. HSE also publishes several free leaflets and a video explaining legal duties and the control of legionella in cooling systems and hot/cold water systems available from HSE Books. Further information about Legionnaires' disease can be found on the Health & Safety Executive (HSE) website. Contact us Commercial Services - Cheshire East Council 0300 123 5015 Rate this page We value your feedback. How do you rate this information?
readers questions AD and Circular Flow of Income 1. How can you show an AD shift left or right, using the circular flow? The conflict in my understanding is W MUST equal J because of identities etc. Yet AD can only move if W>J or J>W. I thought that if that happened, that is macroeconomic disequilibrium. Not a shift. is it disequilibrium (excess supply or demand), that leads to a shift? (like market forces and ordinary D&S diagrams?) AD = C + I + G + X – M (total demand in the economy) Keynesian Model In the Keynesian model we… UK House Price Crash? Readers Question: Critically evaluate the argument for and against the likelihood of an imminent house price correction in UK ? House prices in the UK have risen much faster than inflation; in the past 6 years average house prices in the UK have more than doubled. This has caused many to speculate that house prices are overvalued and are likely to fall, in the near future, to more realistic levels. These are the arguments in favour of house prices falls. House prices have risen faster than average incomes. This has made it… Is A Strong Canadian Dollar A Good Thing? Q. Is A Strong Canadian Dollar A Good Thing? This is an interesting question. The effects of an appreciation are good for some aspects of the Canadian economy, but, create problems for Canadian exporters. The real winners are Canadian consumers who are able to buy US goods at a much cheaper price. US border towns are reporting booming trade as Canadians make the short trip across the border to buy more goods. example: Disney World trip: Oct 2006 cost C$3,839. In Oct 2007, the same holiday would cost C$3,428 Steak dinner in…
Impacts of Positive Communication in Healthcare Impacts of Positive Communication Depositphotos_42812197_original.jpgStrong and effective communication is important in the healthcare sector. A doctor, nurse or clinician may excel at their work, but if the communication is not clear and effective, it is of no use. Building positive relationships between healthcare representatives and patients is extremely important to the success of the organization. Research shows that the quality of interaction between a patient and care provider affects the patient’s overall opinion of services received. A positive interaction encourages patients to follow medical recommendations, adopt healthy behaviors and even promote the hospital or practice throughout the community. Effective communication involves listening, explaining and sympathizing. Positive communication fosters the best possible delivery of healthcare services. Here are some results of effective communication in the workplace and ways your Intranet can help you achieve them: Accurate diagnosis Many patients feel that they do not get enough time to tell their story. Listening carefully to the patient’s medical history helps doctors and nurses make an appropriate diagnosis. Incomplete facts will result in inaccuracy. Interrupting patients may prevent them from sharing important information. Proper adherence by patients While giving medical advice, a kind approach – along with clear, concise instructions – will encourage patients to listen. They will follow the instructions more seriously, go for checkups, adopt healthier practices, follow medical recommendations, and so on. Patient satisfaction Patient satisfaction is imperative to the success of a healthcare organization. The satisfaction of a patient and their family is not limited to the services provided by the doctor or nurse. It extends to the whole care providing team; Even the receptionists at a clinic, diagnostic center or hospital must work to satisfying the needs of their patients through efficiency and kindness. This helps develop a better rapport with the patients so they receive continued care. Reducing errors Effective communication reduces medical errors. Using tools such as a Hospital Intranet can provide staff with access to procedures and policies regarding specific patient care. This increases efficiency, because staff can spend less time looking for documentation and more time listening to their patients. Additionally, empowering your administrative or clinical staff with knowledge prevents errors in the workplace and reduces stress levels. Team satisfaction Positive communication within the team creates better working conditions. Promoting a culture of mutual support can increase job satisfaction and employee retention. For example, using your Intranet for employee recognition is one way to motivate staff. Increased job satisfaction can impact the care your staff provides to their patients. A happy doctor or nurse will form better relationships with their patients and their families. As a result, everyone will feel valued, understood and supported. provides hospitals and healthcare organizations Intranets and Policy Management Systems, so their staff can quickly and easily access vital information. With simple access to this information, staff can better deliver quality care to their patients. By providing healthcare staff and physicians with a reliable place for internal communications, your organization can strengthen the skills, minds and hearts of your workplace. Schedule a Demo See why so many Healthcare organizations trust HospitalPORTAL.
Remote Sensing Technology will Continue to Gain Traction with Technical Advancements in Geoinformatics Remote Sensing technology has changed the way we see the world. Literally! In past 2 decades, the advancements in imaging and data accumulation has radically evolved the process of remote sensing. Remote Sensing technology has changed the way we see the world. Literally! In past 2 decades, the advancements in imaging and data accumulation has radically evolved the process of remote sensing. Its basically a process of collection of information relating to objects without being in physical contact with them. To put it in simpler words, our eyes and ears are our remote sensors which do not physically come in contact with any object, but transmit information nonetheless. Same concept is applicable for cameras and microphones in the remote sensing technology. The process involves an interaction between incident radiation and the targets of interest. Remote sensing is an increasingly expanding domain of technology that is attracting a large horde of individuals. Companies like Google have propelled the field to a whole new extent. The demand for geoinformatics experts is getting higher and higher with time. As a result of that, Masters programs like M Tech in remote sensing are offered to the students who wish to claim a bright career in the field. This article sheds some light on the topic and discusses its merits. Mainly remote sensing is classified in Passive remote sensing and Active remote sensing. Passive Remote Sensing: In this type of sensing, passive sensors detect the radiation that is emitted naturally or reflected by the object being observed. Reflected sunlight is the most common source of radiation measured by passive sensors. Film photography, infrared, and radiometers are some of the examples of passive sensors. Active Remote Sensing: In Active remote sensing, energy is emitted in order to scan objects and areas while the sensor detects and measures the radiation that is reflected off the target. Most commonly known application of active remote sensing is RADAR. A RADAR measures the time delay between emission and return and establishes the location, height, speeds and direction of an object. For a successful remote sensing activities, there are certain aspects are prerequisites. Education programs like MSC in remote sensing discuss the several factors about remote sensing application in detail. In this article, we will look at below listed factors which play a crucial role in the process. 1. An Illumination source: For a fruitful remote sensing, it is necessary to have an energy source which illuminates or provides electromagnetic energy to the target of interest. 2.Radiation and the Atmosphere: Energy travels from its source to the target and comes in contact with & interact with the atmosphere it passes through. The same interaction is repeated as the second surge of energy travels from source to the target. 3.Sensor - Post energy emission from the target, a sensor is required to collect and record the electromagnetic radiation. After that the transmission, Reception, and Processing of the energy is recorded by the sensor has to be transmitted. The aforementioned constituents are just the tip of the ice-berg called Geoinformatics. Symbiosis Institute of Geoinformatics (SIG) is among the few premier education institutes in India which offer comprehensive learning to students. Featured Product
Linux and UNIX Man Pages Linux & Unix Commands - Search Man Pages RedHat 9 (Linux i386) - man page for close (redhat section 2) CLOSE(2) Linux Programmer's Manual CLOSE(2) close - close a file descriptor #include <unistd.h> int close(int fd); close closes a file descriptor, so that it no longer refers to any file and may be reused. Any locks held on the file it was associated with, and owned by the process, are removed (regardless of the file descriptor that was used to obtain the lock). If fd is the last copy of a particular file descriptor the resources associated with it are freed; if the descriptor was the last reference to a file which has been removed using unlink(2) the file is deleted. close returns zero on success, or -1 if an error occurred. EBADF fd isn't a valid open file descriptor. EINTR The close() call was interrupted by a signal. EIO An I/O error occurred. SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3. SVr4 documents an additional ENOLINK error condition. Not checking the return value of close is a common but nevertheless serious programming error. It is quite possible that errors on a pre- vious write(2) operation are first reported at the final close. Not checking the return value when closing the file may lead to silent loss of data. This can especially be observed with NFS and disk quotas. A successful close does not guarantee that the data has been successfully saved to disk, as the kernel defers writes. It is not common for a filesystem to flush the buffers when the stream is closed. If you need to be sure that the data is physically stored use fsync(2). (It will depend on the disk hardware at this point.) open(2), fcntl(2), shutdown(2), unlink(2), fclose(3), fsync(2) 2001-12-13 CLOSE(2)
An Overview of Eye Tumors The Difference Between Malignant and Benign Growths Show Article Table of Contents Eye tumors, also known as ocular tumors, are tumors associated with the eye. A tumor is a collection of cells that grows abnormally, and it can be malignant (cancerous) or benign (usually harmless). The most common type of eye tumor is metastatic—this is a secondary tumor caused by cancer that has spread from one part of the body to another, often coming from the lung, breast, bowel, or prostate. Although rare, ocular melanoma is the most common adult tumor that forms in the eye. It is sometimes called "uveal" melanoma or "choroidal" melanoma. It forms from pigmented cells in the eye and occurs in three main areas of the eye: the iris, ciliary body, and the choroid. These three regions of the eye collectively make up the “uvea.” Most eye melanomas occur in the choroid, which is located between the retina and the sclera. Other less common types of primary intraocular tumors include intraocular lymphoma, retinoblastoma, and hemangioma. Other rare cancers of the eye include conjunctival melanoma, eyelid carcinoma, and lacrimal gland tumor. Eye moles, like skin moles, develop when certain cells grow together in a group. You may notice an abnormal brown spot on or in your eye. Referred to as nevi, these benign moles usually develop on the choroid, iris, or conjunctiva of the eye. An eye tumor may first appear as a dark spot on the iris, the colored part of your eye. If you notice a spot in your eye, it is best to inform your doctor. Occasionally, people who suffer from eye tumors may have blurry vision or complain of floaters (the visible shadow of fibers that appear in your vision). Most people have no symptoms of eye tumors at all, and they are often discovered during routine eye examinations. If you have a spot on or close to your eye growing larger or changing shape or color, notify your doctor immediately—not all eye tumors are benign. Benign Eye Tumors Benign eye tumors can grow on the eyelid or within the wall of the eye. These are called choroidal nevi, which are pigmented lesions found inside the eye. Benign eye tumors can develop from abnormal growth of blood vessels inside or surrounding the eye, called hemangiomas. Choroidal hemangioma is the most common type of non-cancerous eye tumor. Non-cancerous tumors of the eye might appear with these signs and symptoms: • Bulging or protrusion of the eye (usually painless) • Redness • Changes to vision • Burning • Itching • Swelling • Feeling like something is in your eye Malignant Eye Tumors Several types of cancers can affect the eye. Orbital cancers affect the tissues surrounding the eyeball (called the orbit), including muscles that move the eyeball and nerves attached to the eyeball. Adnexal structures include the eyelids and tear glands. Cancers that develop in these tissues are called adnexal cancers. Malignant melanomas usually form from simple moles, which is why you need to check them often for changes. If you have a mole in or near your eye, it should be examined regularly. Not all cases of eye cancer produce symptoms, but the following could be present: • Flashes of light • Visual distortion • Loss of vision • Floating objects (floaters) • Irregularly shaped pupil • Glaucoma Early detection of cancer often allows for more treatment options. Although not all cancers of the eye can be detected early, some types of eye cancers have noticeable symptoms. It is very important to schedule regular eye exams, as many eye diseases do not produce symptoms. If your doctor determines that you are at higher risk for eye melanoma, you may be recommended to have an eye exam every year—eye melanomas are often found during routine exams. Benign Eye Tumors A non-cancerous, benign tumor of the eye is a growth that does not spread to other parts of the body. There are several types of benign eye growths that should be differentiated from malignant eye growths. Many of these are more often associated with the skin around the eye and the eyelid. Some eye tumors can appear on the conjunctiva, the clear tissue that lies on top of the sclera—the white part of the eye—and some are inside the eyeball itself, making it difficult for anyone to see them aside from a doctor. Typically, growths that appear suddenly are infections and inflammations rather than a benign growth of cells. Benign tumors and growths on the skin around the eye, eyelid, and the conjunctiva are commonly caused by exposure to both wind and ultraviolet rays from the sun. Some benign growths are thought to be caused by a virus. Others appear due to a change related to aging. Large pigmented lesions or moles can be genetic or a part of an overall syndrome related to a medical problem. Freckles and growths inside the eye are most often a benign choroidal nevus or congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelial layer, also called CHRPE for short. These are usually just an accumulation of pigmented cells that appear darker. Although most are benign, there is a very small chance a choroidal nevus can become cancerous. The presence of one or two CHRPE lesions is usually no cause for concern. However, multiple CHRPE lesions have been associated with an increased risk of developing colon cancer. Malignant Eye Tumors Cancer is caused by changes (mutations) to DNA within cells. The DNA inside a cell contains a set of instructions telling the cell what functions to perform, and how to grow and divide. Errors in the instructions can cause the cell to stop its normal function, allowing a cell to become cancerous. Several factors can contribute to gene mutations including inherited gene mutations and gene mutations that occur after birth. You may be born with a genetic mutation. Some mutations can be inherited and passed down through families. This type of mutation accounts for a small percentage of cancers. On the other hand, most gene mutations occur after you're born. Many things can cause gene mutations including smoking, radiation exposure, viruses, carcinogens, obesity, hormones, chronic inflammation, and lack of exercise. Risk Factors for Eye Cancer • Age • Race • Medical History • Family History Age and Race Primary intraocular melanoma generally develops in people over the age of 50, with the average age of diagnosis being 55. This type of eye cancer is rare in children and people over the age of 70. It also occurs more commonly in white people and less commonly in black people. (Men and women are equally affected by intraocular melanoma.) Medical History Basal cell carcinoma, squamous carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, and malignant melanoma are all types of eyelid cancers. People who have extra pigmentation of the eye or skin around the eye, spots like moles in the eye, or multiple flat moles that are irregular in shape or color are more likely to develop intraocular melanoma. Family History Intraocular melanoma also sometimes runs in families. Usually, it develops due to a mutation or change in a gene. Sunlight or certain chemicals may increase the risk of intraocular melanoma development. Retinoblastoma is an eye cancer that affects young children and is caused by a genetic mutation. It begins in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye. Retinal nerve cells begin to grow and multiply, then usually spread into the eye and possibly to other parts of the body. If you have any of the risk factors associated with developing cancer of the eye, you should see an ophthalmologist each year for a thorough examination. Also, be sure to protect your eyes from ultraviolet (UV) radiation by wearing sunglasses. If you see an unusual mole or other skin growth on or around your eye, consult your ophthalmologist. An optometrist or ophthalmologist can usually readily tell the difference between malignant eye lesions and benign lesions when they occur around or in the eye. Sometimes a dermatologist will also become involved, depending on the type of growth. If deemed suspicious at all, the lesion will be cut off or excised and sent to a laboratory for testing to see if it is benign or possibly cancerous. A pathologist will determine if a growth is cancerous and send a report back to the treating doctor. Lesions inside the eye are studied in a variety of ways. Eye doctors will usually take a digital photograph of the lesion and monitor it for growth or changes over time. Sometimes, eye doctors will perform an ultrasound of the lesion to determine how solid or reflective the growth may be. Growths inside the eye that are benign usually have distinct margins and are flat or slightly raised. Malignant lesions may have a more irregular shape, pigmentary changes, and have fluid on the top. Your doctor will use many tests to make a diagnosis of eye cancer. If eye melanoma is suspected, she may recommend a variety of tests. Eye Exam: Your doctor will thoroughly examine your eyes, both outside and inside. Enlarged blood vessels on the outside of your eye is usually a sign of a tumor inside your eye. Your doctor may then look deep inside your eye with the help of a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope (BIO). This instrument uses lenses and a bright light to see inside the eye. A slit-lamp may also be used to view the interior structures of your eye. Eye Ultrasound: An eye ultrasound may be used to produce images of the inside of your eye. The ultrasound transducer is placed on your closed eyelid or near the front surface of your eye. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): OCT is an imaging test used to create pictures of the inside of your eye. Fluorescein Angiography: For this procedure, a fluorescent dye called fluorescein is injected into your arm. The dye moves through your body and into the blood vessels in the back of the eye, allowing your doctor to take pictures. Fine Needle Biopsy: During this procedure, your doctor will remove tumor cells from your eye with a needle. The cells can then be studied under a microscope. However, eye melanoma can almost always be diagnosed accurately without a biopsy, so this procedure is not usually needed. If you are diagnosed with eye cancer, imaging tests may be ordered to find out whether the cancer has spread to other parts of your body. Benign Lesions Benign lesions on the outside of the eye can be removed surgically. They can also be removed with certain chemicals or cauterization. If freckles and growths inside the eye are truly determined to be benign, they are usually left alone to be examined every six to 12 months for any possible changes. Eye Cancer Treatment for eye cancer will aim to reduce the risk of spreading and to maintain the health and vision of your eye, if possible. Treatment options for eye cancer depend on several factors, including the type and stage of cancer, possible side effects, and the patient’s overall health. People with eye cancer are sometimes treated using a multidisciplinary team approach. With this type of plan, you may have several specialists using several types of treatment to maximize the chances of a successful outcome. How eye cancer is treated depends on the tumor and whether the cancer has spread to other areas of the body. The goal of treatment is to save vision whenever possible. Depending on your diagnosis, your treatment plan may include the following: • Surgery. Surgery is common in the treatment of eye cancer. During surgery, your ophthalmologist may remove parts of your eye depending on the size and spread of the tumor. • Eye removal. In some cases, the only choice for treatment is to remove the eye. Depth perception will be compromised due to the loss of vision, but most people adjust fairly quickly. • Radiation therapy. Radiation therapy is used by radiation oncologists to destroy cancer cells. Radiation therapy usually consists of a set number of treatments over a period of time. • Laser therapy. Laser therapy uses lasers to shrink tumors. This treatment normally has fewer side effects than surgery or radiation therapy. A Word From Verywell If you notice any symptoms of an eye tumor on or near your eye, it's best to contact your doctor immediately. There are many different kinds of eye tumors; while some are not harmful and require no treatment, others are more severe and may require testing to determine if they are benign (usually harmless) or malignant (cancerous). Was this page helpful? Article Sources • Leung, Loh-Shan, MD and Mark S. Blumenkranz, MD. Ocular Tumors, American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO). • Editorial Board. Eye Cancer: Overview. American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). • Porter, Daniel. What Is Ocular Melanoma? American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO).
editor \| Health \| , , The most valuable trade item from the ancient and medieval times are spices but nothing else. They are used for the traditional making of medicine by herbalists, as they occupy the best part of treating solutions for centuries. The powers of herbs and spices are also understood by modern medicines. Spices useful for the heart. There are two important ingredients found in coriander seeds that are linaloon acid decanoic acid. It takes the place of lengthy history in the field of traditional medicine by reducing cholesterol level and blood sugar effects. Many tests and resources done on animals have shown that there will be a complete reduction in total cholesterol, in bad cholesterol LDL and also in HDL good cholesterol. Coriander seed powder used for medicinal benefits and also as an ingredient in Indian food recipes. Additional benefits of coriander powder seeds are one or two tsp of seeds when soaked the whole night and taken in the early morning is useful to those who suffer from diabetes and heart disease. Medicinal properties of turmeric Turmeric which is also referred as haldi (turmeric) is famous as Indian gold and well known for its therapeutic properties in the books of Siddha and ayurveda. Healthy heart sprouts from the benefits of curcumin which is an active principle with antioxidants, anti-clotting, anti-inflammatory and also antiproliferative resources. The researchers and readings have explained the effects of curcumin in reducing the level of blood cholesterol which has antioxidants properties to keep safe from diabetics and cardiovascular problems. Read More Healthy Eating Plan For Stomach Toning. Black pepper There is piperine in black pepper spice. It is noted with a number of physiological and drug effects. Studies done on it proved that black pepper helps in functions of heart preventing from heart attacks by maintaining the cholesterol level in the body. One thing to be aware of is piperine changes the effects of medicines mostly in the blood-thinning components. It is been written and mentioned in many books about the circulatory and stimulant effects of cinnamon. It helps in controlling the cholesterol by increasing the level of good cholesterol. Insulin ability is improved by it and also useful for managing diabetes. As cinnamon is formed internally in the box of spice, the extra benefits can be gained by preparing a decoction of it and taking in the form of tea. Fenugreek seeds The other name referred generally to fenugreek seeds is methi which is used as a medicinal herb and derived from the Greek, Ayurvedic and Latin literature. Fenugreek seeds are better known as a herb to reduce the level of serum lipids like triglycerides and total cholesterol. This fiber also has the properties of lowering cholesterol and also stopping diabetic level. It can also be added to chapattis, dal recipes, and rice. Black cumin seeds This is also referred as black caraway or kalonji but doesn’t be confused with the cumin seeds that are in herbs. Black cumin seeds have a main effect in reducing total bad cholesterol due to the presence of phytosterols that has the3 benefits to strengthen it. The Chinese, Unani and Ayurvedic medicine has this ginger used in them as it has good properties to cure sore throats, Pins, indigestion, arthritis, vomiting sensation and also to level the high blood pressure. In ginger, there are bioactive compounds like gingerol and phenolic properties. It is hoped that ginger relaxes the blood vessels makes the easy flow of blood and reduces pain. It also has a great anti-inflammatory agent present in it which is helpful for heart patients, cancer and diabetes. It is proved that ginger has anti-clotting and anti-cholesterol decreasing energy. The first Indian physician Charka in 3000 BC and also Hippocrates who is the father of modern medicine has proved that garlic effects on the heart as a refresher to maintain the blood flow and making the heart healthy. From many centuries a unique position is occupied by garlic in medicinal properties and also related to reducing the risk of heart diseases. Many modern scientific studies from the last 20 years have confirmed their research work all through the world. Garlic has allicin in it which is a sulfur compound. Allicin is best regarded as the supplement to reduce cholesterol level, blood pressure, and stoppage of clotting. To explain in short spices adds not only flavor or taste to food but even have health beneficial properties in them.
The lost secrets of classical athenian vases Rise and Fall of a technique The Rise Ancient ceramic art reached its apogee in Athenian workshops during the 6th-5th centuries BC. The products of Athenian workshops were in great demand throughout the Mediterranean markets from Etruria and South Italy, to Carthage, Egypt and the coasts of Anatolia (Asia Minor). The Attic black and red figure vases, often signed by their creators, served as aesthetic and technical reference points in very much the same way as the products of the great names of European pot¬tery and glass making such as Wedgwood, Sevres, Limoges, Meissen, Galle, Lalique. The Fall The decay of the social and economic fabric of Athens which followed the Peloponnesian war marked the beginning of a long period of gradual decline of both aesthetic and technological standards, the appearance of lower quality imitations and finally, during the Roman period, the complete abandonment of the “iron reduction technique” that produces the characteristic ATTIC BLACK glaze of classical vases. Present day copies sold in tourist markets are painted over and bear no relation to the techniques of the Classical period. The Rediscovery Modern times The aesthetic interest in Classical antiquity which followed the Renaissance led to an active search for the lost technique of the ATTIC BLACK glaze.In 1752 le Comte de Caylus published a treatise in France where he describes the glaze as "basically ferruginous earth". Fifteen years later Josiah Wedgwood, after failing to reproduce the glaze produced the now famous "black basalt" substitutes, decorated in the red-figured style to celebrate the opening of his factory at Etruria (Staffordshire). During the next two centuries chemists, archaeologists and ceramists met with the same difficulties to reproduce the ATTIC BLACK glaze devoting numerous articles and treatises to the subject. Several such attempts involved "exotic" additives such as urine, dregs of wine, blood, bone powder, and wood or seaweed ashes or modern chemicals. The definitive answer to the mystery was provided in 1993 by Eleni Aloupi, founder of THETIS Authentics Ltd, in the course of PhD research on the "Nature and Micromorphology of Paint Layers in Ancient Ceramics". The key to the technique lies in the use of carefully chosen and laboriously processed natural clays, followed by a rather complex firing cycle during which the clay based paints acquire their final black or red colour depending on the kiln temperature and atmosphere. Through research and experimentation the THETIS team has been able to recover and revive the techniques of classical ATTIC pottery and thus produce objects whose style, color, texture, chemical composition and microstructure cannot be distinguished from the original.
Why do wet things feel wet? By Seriously Science \| October 16, 2014 6:00 am Photo: Flickr/martinak15 Photo: Flickr/martinak15 At first glance, this may seem like a completely moronic question. I mean, wet stuff feels wet because… well, it’s wet. Duh! But when you stop to think more deeply about it it, it quickly becomes a very profound question. That’s because, unlike heat or touch, we don’t have any sensors in our skin capable of directly detecting wetness. Therefore, scientists believe that we rely on other senses, like temperature or touch, to indirectly sense when something is wet. To test this idea, scientists wet subjects’ forearms while interfering with their senses of touch and temperature. Without being able to see their arms, the participants rated how wet they thought they were. In the end, interfering with their senses of touch and temperature did reduce the participants’ ability to sense wetness, providing support for the hypothesis. Taking a bath will never feel quite the same again… Why wet feels wet? A neurophysiological model of human cutaneous wetness sensitivity. “Although the ability to sense skin wetness and humidity is critical for behavioral and autonomic adaptations, humans are not provided with specific skin receptors for sensing wetness. It has been proposed that we “learn” to perceive the wetness experienced when the skin is in contact with a wet surface or when sweat is produced through a multisensory integration of thermal and tactile inputs generated by the interaction between skin and moisture. However, the individual roles of thermal and tactile cues and how these are integrated peripherally and centrally by our nervous system is still poorly understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that the central integration of coldness and mechanosensation, as subserved by peripheral A-nerve afferents, might be the primary neural process underpinning human wetness sensitivity. During a quantitative sensory test, we found that individuals perceived warm-wet and neutral-wet stimuli as significantly less wet than cold-wet stimuli, although these were characterized by the same moisture content. Also, when cutaneous cold and tactile sensitivity was diminished by a selective reduction in the activity of A-nerve afferents, wetness perception was significantly reduced. Based on a concept of perceptual learning and Bayesian perceptual inference, we developed the first neurophysiological model of cutaneous wetness sensitivity centered on the multisensory integration of cold-sensitive and mechanosensitive skin afferents. Our results provide evidence for the existence of a specific information processing model that underpins the neural representation of a typical wet stimulus. These findings contribute to explaining how humans sense warm, neutral, and cold skin wetness.” Related content: NCBI ROFL: Impact of wet underwear on thermoregulatory responses and thermal comfort in the cold. NCBI ROFL: Speedos: not just for streamlining your junk. NCBI ROFL: Apparently, swimming with your clothes on is hard. CATEGORIZED UNDER: feelings shmeelings, rated G • Tracy Shaw Makes sense seeing as when you bring washing in off the line sometimes you can’t tell if its damp or just cold lol slightly over complicated way of explaining something housewives(and husbands) have known for years lol • Andreas Achilleos Yes indeed! Is “good” to know that scientists have figured that out at 2014! • Tracy Shaw I know its taken a while but they do have to make sure they have control groups, and can repeat the results as well as securing funding for the research …Lol I’m willing to bet it was the securing funding that held the research up Lol Lol …all joking aside it is interesting to learn more about how our senses work and its possible this article is just a subsection of more interesting research glorified and condensed for the masses Lol • TLongmire Perhaps the osmotic pressure changes in individual cells are sensed by the nerve cells as they contract slightly. Seriously, Science? Follow us on Twitter: @srslyscience. Send us paper suggestions: srslyscience[at]gmail.com. See More Discover's Newsletter Collapse bottom bar
Teaching Our Kids to Code There’s no denying it. We are failing our kids. Estimates suggests that total global IT spending will hit $3.5 trillion this year alone. And that over the next five years, the use of digital technologies will expand the global GDP by $1.36 trillion. Given these statistics, it’s shocking to realize that learning how to code and program isn’t compulsory. As a matter of fact, most students need to seek out specific programs, workshops or after-school sessions in order to get introduced to the concept of coding. While this lack of coding or support to encourage this as a mandatory skill isn’t impossible, the real problem is in the discrepancy between the need for developer jobs and the lack of qualified candidates. These numbers are staggering, and only begin to hint at the skills necessary to survive in the workforce of the not so distant future. However, before we panic, about the lack of infrastructure set up to support teaching children how to learn how to code in the classroom, there are a number of sources that enable parents to help teach their kids these concepts and skills from a fairly early age. Code Kids is a great film that addresses the issue, and is worth watching in full. See the trailer below or watch the film in its entirety. Code Kids, The Documentary Trailer from Hemmings House on Vimeo. The Rise of the CFO Firoz PatelIn recent years, much has been made of the role of the Chief Information Officer. This position gained notoriety and visibility over the past decade or so, as the potential for data analytics swelled to be virtually limitless. With the improvement of our tools and capabilities, naturally this role grew in stature owing to the insight that that this person could uncover when given access to so much information. To this day, the CIO still plays a critical part in the healthy functioning of any company and in harnessing and understanding the data surrounding how the company itself is or is not working. The CIO can help identify where there is room for improvement and find innovative ways to problem solve. This role is still important because data and data analysis plays in integral role in how companies operate. However, the role of the CFO is undergoing an elevated role, owing to the ability to combine data and finance. By leveraging data and analytics to come up with new ideas for revenue streams or optimizing those that already exist, the modern CFO is becoming an executive to watch, and creating a new talent pool for potential CEOs. Although the change has been gradual, throughout the last decade, the role of the CFO has expanded to include greater responsibility and authority. This marks a significant departure from the traditional role that focused solely on crunching numbers all day. As the decisions made in the boardroom become more and more driven by real time data and insights, the role of the CFO becomes more dependent on data analytics and integral to the decision-making process. The ability to not only provide numbers, but analysis in a very immediate way requires that the CFO exercise a broader set of skills than those of the past. Although generating and managing revenue has always been a central component to operations and the role of the CFO, we have never had access to so much data. This increase in available data tied to spending, earning and potential earnings means that in many cases the CFO acts more as the CIO in practice. Through identifying and interpreting this data, the CFO is exposed to the same information normally associated with the CIO. However, the CFO is looking at this information with a very specific intention, in line with the financial objectives of the company. In practice, Chief Financial Officers must be highly analytical, well-versed in the technical aspects of running a company and have an intricate understanding of how to interpret data in a way that makes sense within the context of their company. With this rise in visibility and responsibility, it’s no surprise that we are seeing a spike in the trend of hiring former CFOs as CEOs. To learn more about some of the most successful CFOs in the tech sector today, please see my presentation here. What Makes a Great Leader in the Digital Era? firoz patelWhat makes a great leader? This question has been both asked and answered time and time again. However, perhaps the more relevant question now is, what makes a good leader, today? Of course the recommended character traits and suggested identifiers of great leadership vary by context. However, when looking specifically at the changing landscape of the technology sector, certain qualities tend to be encouraged. Below are the top qualities that make for an excellent leader in today’s digital landscape: 1. Vision: A leader must have vision, otherwise there is no innovation or true direction. 2. Self-Awareness: Being clear about one’s strengths and weaknesses, means that a true leader can compensate for his or her weaknesses by hiring others that are better equipped in those areas. 3. Results-Driven: Although one can implement various metrics for success, focusing on quantifiable results and more specifically how to translate successes into quantifiable results is critical. Start-up and tech cultures at large are known to be constantly in flux – particularly in the beginning. This means that traditional markers of “success” may not indicate the true progress and wins of the organization. Therefore a true leader must be capable of finding the appropriate metrics for this environment. 4. Life-long learners: There is an insatiable curiosity that comes from those who are constantly learning and see the value in this sort of growth. This quality is critical for those who want to be truly innovative. 5. Create a Safe-to-fail environment : Creating this kind of environment encourages imagination, problem-solving, creativity and gives employees a vote of confidence. By allowing employees the space to fail you are effectively creating a place for them to learn, to improve and to take risks. All of these things are what lead to eventual successes. 6. Encourage a collaborative environment: Similar to the thought process behind creating a space that is safe to fail, by nurturing a collaborative environment, you are pooling together resources that together have the potential to be greater than the sum of their parts. Encouraging a collaborative as opposed to strictly competitive environment is beneficial when problem-solving. This point of collaboration is also important when considering the kinds of people that you want working for your company. Do they have the capacity to work well with others? Are they different enough from each other to have varying perspectives and opinions, but still capable of creating a pleasant and engaging working environment? These are all standards set by leaders. 7. Problem-solver : In addition to having a vision, a great leader needs superior problem solving skills. Having a vision means little if you have no concrete steps for getting there. A leader who can easily try on different approaches to solving problems is well-equipped to face the challenges en route to attaining the vision. 8. Great Communication Skills: While this may seem like a fairly obvious skill for anyone who is a great leader, it can be a pitfall for those that don’t naturally possess an ability to communicate. Within the context of an organization or group setting, a leader needs to be able to express things so that others understand the mission, their role and how things work. This means speaking clearly with confidence and purpose. 9. Passion: A true leader needs to have passion as a driving force behind his or her work. It’s obvious when this is lacking. And how can a leader inspire others if he or she isn’t fully committed to the cause? 10. Mentorship: As an established leader, mentorship is a great way to pay your own success forward. Sharing what you’ve learned and offering advice to up and comers is beneficial for all-involved. Most successful leaders point to specific people in their lives who helped shape them in some way when they were just starting out. As an inspiring leader, seek out someone who is more experienced in your field that you respect and connect with, and as an established leader, offer your insight to someone that you believe in.
Where do you want to go? Jordan: Using Eco-Tourism for Sustainable Development Think of travel in the Middle East, and it's likely that eco-tourism isn't the first thought that comes to mind. Often associated with desert sands, rich history, deep religious symbolism, and political unrest, the Middle East has certainly projected an image to travelers, and eco-tourism is barely a pixel. However, up close, that pixel packs a pretty powerfully green punch, emanating from Jordan. The middle of the Middle East, the country of Jordan has suffered very little with regards to political instability, terrorism, and tourist safety concerns. As such, it is a relatively popular destination in the Middle East, although it remains definitively under the radar of many unadventurous travelers. While Jordan's approach to holistic sustainability, outlined in its National Tourism Strategy for 2004 - 2010, is full of sky-high ambitions and serious gaps in policies, their goal of diversifying their tourism industry through eco-tourism is a start in the right direction. In nurturing their eco-tourism niche, Jordan has ensured that the economic benefits yielded from eco-tourism are used in the preservation of the country's protected areas. Wild Jordan, a division of the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature (RSCN), is the organization responsible for socio-economic development through eco-tourism and conservation efforts. Wild Jordan has facilitated job creation through eco-tourism ventures for hundreds of members of the local population, meanwhile ensuring the protected environments remain properly attended to. They've also created eco-tourism facilities in four of Jordan's protected areas, including a variety of accommodations, trails, and tours. In addition to Wild Jordan, the country is also benefitting from the involvement of Friends of the Earth Middle East (FoEME), a grassroots division of the international Friends of the Earth, who coordinate environmental projects throughout the Middle East. In Jordan, FoEME have focused on ecosystems: reversing damage in the Jordan River, and preventing damage in Aqaba, while educating the Jordanian government on sustainable tourism development and working with them in an advisory capacity. Those in the know are probably aware of the unique eco-tourism features Jordan has been developing and promoting, and for those who don't - here's what you need to know, and where you should visit: Wadi Rum With a landscape that's meant to rival the moon, Wadi Rum is proof of what the Earth can look like when untouched by humans and left entirely to Mother Nature's devices. There are plenty of vast expanses and mazes of monoliths, perfect for avid hikers and adventurers. Visitors have plenty of guided exploration options, including hiring a 4x4, or a zero (well, sort of) emission camel, and the opportunity to sleep in a traditional Bedouin campsite. The only coastal city in Jordan lies on the Gulf of Aqaba, the northeastern arm of the Red Sea. Home to the world's northernmost coral reef ecosystem, the gulf and its accompanying city have a lot to offer tourists. The opportunities for marine engagement are vast, and the perpetually developing city has some of the best views in the country. Dominated by the Ajlun Castle, this area is both an ecological and historical haven. Dating back to 1184 AD, the castle itself is a site that could be explored for ages, and the view could easily consume a DSLR memory card. For the more ecologically inclined, the Aljun Nature Reserve, managed by the RSCN, provides endlessly diverse wildlife viewing opportunities, and two nature trails. One of the highlights of any eco-buff's trip to Jordan will likely be the Dana Biosphere Reserve. Encompassing over 300 square kilometres of diverse landscape features and rare species of plants and animals, the reserve is meant to be immensely awe-inspiring and incredibly unique. Halfway between the Jordanian capital of Amman and the sea resort of Aqaba, visitors should travel by land to the reserve for unforgettable panoramas. Azraq & Shawmari Also managed by the RSCN, the Azraq Wetland Reserve is an oasis in the middle of the Jordanian desert. Famous for its bird-watching, due to its placement on migratory routes, Azraq offers a wide variety of seasonal bird species as well as over 2,000 species of wild flowers in the springtime. However, if mammals are more appealing, the Shawmari Reserve, a breeding centre for rare and endangered animals, visitors can spot the Arabian Oryx, gazelles, and ostriches. The Future With tourism numbers continuing to rise, Jordan is gaining momentum as a must-see destination. Fortunately, visitors are being directed towards sites other than Jordan's excessively popular Petra, somewhat employing carrying capacity restrictions and thus preserving Jordan's most fragile attraction. Destinations such as Aqaba and other eco-tourism havens are increasing Jordan's popularity and attractiveness to informed travelers. Also, watch for Jordan to follow through with their plans to focus more strongly on voluntourism, something that will further enhance Jordan's image as an eco-tourism hot-spot. Photo Credit: _ambrown (Aaron Brown)
Before the sulphur match The first sulphur match Childrens labor Womens fight for their rights Work invironment The laws The swedish match industry The match king, Ivar Kreuger Was Ivar Kreuger assassinated? H.C. Andersen and the matches Drachmann and the matches Before the friction sulfur match Tinder Boxes has been widely used for the manufacture of fire throughout Europe for hundreds of years . A tinder box consists of a piece of flint and a fire steel, which was striked against each other. This was generating sparks that were captured in tinder and when the spark caught fire and there was a glow forth, they could ignite a wax taper, as the first matches, was called. Tinder box was stored in a bag in the belt. There was both portable and stationary lighters . In connection with the research for the book about the Danish matchstick industry , we found in the year 1801 a number of people who made sulfur sticks. Immediately we did not believe our own eyes, but these matches, has of course been the "light carriers", just bringing a flame from one place to another. . The phosphorous tinder box first appeared in 1780, and was a small bottle containing phosphorus, which one of those old-fashioned matches, worked up the bottle and rubbed against the plug, making it caught fire and lit the sulfur afterwords. Later - in 1805 - it got competition, as the Frenchman Chancel invented the so-called " dip stick " . To turn this stick on, you had to dip the stick into a small bottle with asbestos moistened with sulfuric acid. When the sticks were introduced into the bottle and pressed it against the asbestos this would ignite the sulfured stick. Tinder box (often used by ladies), where the tap with flint struck against steel and ignite a piece of tinder placed at the end of "gun". The first phosphorous matches, with sulfur in both ends and which could be ignited at any rough surface Container with matches that are dipped in the liquid in the container to the right, creating an explosive ignition of the cold.
Articles on Social psychology Displaying 1 - 20 of 52 articles To feel a pang of pleasure at the misfortune of others is to be human. VixCompaNi/ Why does it feel good to see someone fail? Schadenfreude seems to arise out of envy and a sense of justice. But some psychologists believe a darker impulse is at play. The lies most people tell on dating apps do serve a purpose. Dado Photos The lies we tell on dating apps to find love Researchers analyzed troves of messages sent between matches and found that the fibs people tell are usually rational ones that serve a purpose. Why do people constantly ‘move the goalposts’ when making judgments? JoeNattapon/ Why your brain never runs out of problems to find It's a psychological quirk that when something becomes rarer, people may spot it in more places than ever. What is the 'concept creep' that lets context change how we categorize the world around us? Say cheese … or not. A woman works a stand at a cheese festival in Moscow, Russia. AP Photo/Pavel Golovkin Why are Russians so stingy with their smiles? In the US, smiling is a reflexive gesture of goodwill, but Russians view it as a sign of stupidity. Social psychology research could help explain this cultural contrast. The prospect alone can make you want to avoid the person altogether. faber1893/ Why is it so stressful to talk politics with the other side? We can disagree with co-workers in meetings. We can argue about sports with friends. A new study explores why politics seems to be an entirely different beast. Should we celebrate the multicultural rainbow, or look away? pixabay Cultures fuse and connect, so we should embrace polyculturalism Cultural diversity is an inescapable fact of modern life. How we should think about it is less obvious. Should we celebrate the multicultural rainbow, merge its colours into one – like a colour wheel spinning… Social psychologists and sociologists have spent decades understanding how values are best assessed. pixabay Australian values are hardly unique when compared to other cultures There has been much talk recently about “Australian values”. The new citizenship test will require aspiring Australians to demonstrate they possess them, or can at least reproduce them under exam conditions… Two people dress up as Gaydar bots during San Francisco’s 2014 gay pride parade. Scott Schiller/flickr Debunking the ‘gaydar’ myth The idea of gaydar, the ability to discern who's gay and who isn't, promotes stereotypes. And research purporting to prove its existence is flawed. Top contributors
Definition of Physics Physics is the common science that includes the investigation of matter and its movement and conduct through space and time, alongside related ideas, for example, vitality and force. One of the most crucial logical controls, the primary objective of physics is to see how the universe carries on. Physics is one of the most established scholastic orders, maybe the most established through its consideration of astronomy. Over the most recent two centuries, physics was a piece of characteristic reasoning alongside science, science, and certain branches of arithmetic, however amid the logical upset in the seventeenth century, the normal sciences developed as remarkable research programs in their own particular right. Physics converges with numerous interdisciplinary territories of research, for example, biophysics and quantum science, and the limits of physics are not unbendingly characterized. New thoughts in physics regularly clarify the principal instruments of other sciences while opening new roads of research in territories, for example, arithmetic and reasoning. Physics additionally makes noteworthy commitments through advances in new advances that emerge from hypothetical leaps forward. For instance, propels in the comprehension of electromagnetism or atomic physics drove specifically to the improvement of new items that have significantly changed current society, for example, TV, PCs, local apparatuses, and atomic weapons; advances in thermodynamics prompted the improvement of industrialization, and advances in mechanics roused the advancement of math. See glossary of physics. Application and impact Connected physics is a general term for physics look into which is planned for a specific utilize. A connected physics educational modules generally contains a couple of classes in a connected train, similar to geography or electrical building. It normally varies from building in that a connected physicist may not outline something specifically, but instead is utilizing physics or leading physics look into with the point of growing new innovations or taking care of an issue. The approach is like that of connected science. Connected physicists utilize physics in logical research. For example, individuals chipping away at quickening agent physics may look to manufacture better molecule identifiers for investigate in hypothetical physics. Physics is utilized vigorously in designing. For instance, statics, a subfield of mechanics, is utilized as a part of the working of extensions and other static structures. The comprehension and utilization of acoustics brings about sound control and better show lobbies; also, the utilization of optics makes better optical gadgets. A comprehension of physics makes for more practical pilot test programs, computer games, and motion pictures, and is regularly basic in measurable examinations. With the standard accord that the laws of physics are all inclusive and don’t change with time, physics can be utilized to ponder things that would customarily be buried in vulnerability. For instance, in the investigation of the inception of the earth, one can sensibly show earth’s mass, temperature, and rate of pivot, as an element of time enabling one to extrapolate forward or in reverse in time thus foresee future or earlier occasions. It likewise takes into account reenactments in designing which radically accelerate the advancement of another innovation. Be that as it may, there is likewise impressive interdisciplinarity in the physicist’s techniques, such a significant number of other critical fields are affected by physics (e.g., the fields of econophysics and sociophysics) Leave a Reply
Children Fantasy Fantasy is a genre that uses magic and other supernatural forms as a primary element of plot, theme, and/or setting. Fantasy is generally distinguished from science fiction and horror by the expectation that it steers clear of technological and macabre themes, respectively, though there is a great deal of overlap between the three (collectively known as speculative fiction or science fiction/fantasy) In its broadest sense, fantasy comprises works by many writers, artists, filmmakers, and musicians, from ancient myths and legends to many recent works embraced by a wide audience today, including young adults, most of whom are represented by the works below. No products were found matching your selection.
VITAL SUPPLEMENTS for healthy life Minerals and vitamins are vital to health. In the hectic world in which we live, however, our bodies often do not receive enough of them - because of bad diet or denatured industrially produced food products. Even healthy foods like fruit and vegetables might not contain sufficient amounts of these vital substances. Diseases and stress can also cause a vitamin or mineral deficit. The unsupervised intake of vitamin pills is of little use. If the body lacks minerals and vitamins, it reacts with symptoms like headache, muscle cramps, insomnia, joint pains and fatigue. Chronic mineral or vitamin deficiency can even result in serious illness. The deficient substances cannot simply be 'shovelled back' at will, since the conditions for their absorption and metabolization by the organism are complicated and complex. Applied kinesiology techniques can be used to determine the precise nature of the vitamin or mineral deficit. The shortfall can then be made good by targeted and suitably dosed administration.
You are here Plant Draft 2 Submitted by lgorman on Tue, 04/24/2018 - 11:49 In conclusion, they discovered that mechanisms rice plants use to grow adventitious roots mostly involve light signals to stimulate growth, while gravity was a small factor. They found the root growth had a dosage dependent relationship with all colors of light, with red light having the most efficient effect. These plants use light as the most important signal because when there is less light, the plant is probably submerged and it needs to obtain more oxygen. Using this discovery, they proposed that plants monitor oxygen availability by sensing light.
Get the free mobile app Hearing Protection Hearing protection devices are worn on or in your ears to protect against hearing loss in environments with potentially hazardous noise levels. These protective ear muffs or ear plugs typically have a noise reduction rating (NRR) specifying the decibels (dB), or sound intensity, by which they reduce sound levels. OSHA standards call for hearing protectors that reduce exposure to below 85 dB over the course of an average 8-hour work shift to avoid noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Hearing protection is commonly used wherever loud machinery is being operated such as at factories, mills, mines, construction sites, landscaping operations, and medical testing facilities. Please select a Category
Articles on Robots Displaying 1 - 20 of 239 articles Libraries are offering new and innovative things that belie their historic image as silent places to read. 7 unexpected things that libraries offer besides books With advancements in technology, libraries are offering much more than something to read. A library researcher offers a sampling of some unexpected items that library patrons can check out these days. Sex with robots will increase, as technological developments produce new love interests. Shutterstock For the love of technology! Sex robots and virtual reality Developments in technologies like robotics and virtual reality are opening new possibilities for sexual experiences. Remote presence technology enables a medic to perform an ultrasound at the scene of accident. (University of Saskatchewan) How robots are helping doctors save lives in the Canadian North A remote medicine program in Saskatchewan allows acutely ill children and pregnant women to be treated by specialist doctors, without leaving their communities. As AI is deployed in society, there is an impact that can be positive or negative. The future is in our hands. Shutterstock The Montréal Declaration: Why we must develop AI responsibly The Montréal Declaration calls for the responsible development of artificial intelligence. A world expert explains why scientists must choose how their expertise will benefit society. Making the most of human-robot collaborations will require good teamwork. WeStudio/ 5 ways to help robots work together with people Years of research into how humans work best together yield lessons useful for designing robots to interact with people. A number of Australian nursing homes use Paro, a therapeutic robot that looks and sounds like a baby harp seal, to interact with residents with dementia. Angela Ostafichuk/Shutterstock Before replacing a carer with a robot, we need to assess the pros and cons It's easy to get excited about the potential for robots to help care for the sick, injured and elderly, but we need the right regulations in place to deal with issues as they emerge. Top contributors
the exhibit This document creates a blueprint for the web site and fill out some of the initial structure. The thinking and terminology is heavily influenced by the 1998 paper “Designing Navigable Information Spaces” by Mark Foltz1. In particular, the entire structure is modeled as an “exhibit,” using the concepts of “regions” and “signs” to help facilitate wayfinding and imageability. 1 layer 1.1 the exhibit is a layer The exhibit is a layer that helps us find our way around the documents. #document-layer <after> <div id="exhibit" class="active scroll-layer" tabindex="1" /> We put it “physically” after the documents—why? When a document is open, we consider it to be the most relevant content. We don’t want the exhibit—or anything else, really—to preëmpt that. Also, because we’re making the exhibit the scrolling layer right away, we have to make the HTML not the scrolling layer. html <class add="not-scroll-layer" /> 1.2 scrolling The exhibit layer is initially active. This must be a getflow thing. The exhibit already has active when you create it. But sometimes you have to add classes in this way in order for them to be reversed properly in pageflow. Also, I think what does “active” actually do? I think it’s just for the “keyboard” hack, which we don’t have in place yet. #exhibit <class add="active" /> 1.3 the parallax trick The exhibit is a structure with its own layers. We use parallax scrolling to help enhance the sense of depth and space within the exhibit. This technique creates a nice effect where the signs in the entryway scroll more slowly than the content being scrolled into view. If the preserve-3d property isn’t supported, you simply don’t get the special effect. This is not taking effect anywhere right now, even without the @supports condition. transform-style preserve-3d @import parallax perspective 1px transform-origin center transform translateZ(-1px) scale(2) // Scroll half as slowly as main body. 1.4 inside the exhibit The exhibit does not actually contain everything in the site, so much as it helps you find it. Most of the detailed content (as we indicate elsewhere) comes in the form of documents. Structurally, then, the exhibit occupies one layer in the overall space, while the documents reside in another, which “take over” the space when visited. @import layers @import order-of-main-layers z-index $exhibitLayer transform-style preserve-3d @import parallax perspective 1px transform-origin center Recall that the physical order of the content is based on what makes sense for the “plain” view of the site. Dividing the content into layers allows us to use a spatial arrangement that is independent of the document order. We define the regions as being the foremost layer of the exhibit: $entrywayLayer = 1 It seems counterintuitive that the entryway is thus in the “rear” of the exhibit. The reason has to do with how movement within the exhibit should feel. The entryway is a single place that is supposed to feel stable; whereas the regions lay in all directions and that traveling between them involves movement. In that sense, the entryway feels “farther away” than the regions. 2 the entryway Pray you, come in. Othello 3.1 The entryway is the first thing you see when you arrive at the exhibit. By this I mean what you see immediately upon entering, before taking a single step (i.e. scrolling or following a link). This coveted place is called “above the fold,” a term taken from the newspaper business. Since there is so much wonder and delight in store for those who venture further, it is tempting to crowd the entryway with all manner of enticements. And with space being so limited—even to the size of one’s hand—choosing what attractions to promote is a difficult matter. This difficulty drives many exhibitors to a paralysis of indecision, which they then project onto their visitors in the form of a “carousel"—those vertiginous spotlight rotators that notionally reduce all content, past, present and future, to a single form (viz, the picture and caption). Meanwhile, one could say that giving “pride of place” to so many candidates rather robs the place of its pride. But one would digress. A “news” site, or a “feed” would wish to put first those things that change the most often. To my mind, this subverts the notion of an hierarchy. Thus, willshake always puts foremost whatever will change the least. And what will change the least about willshake? Shakespeare. Choosing requires emotional energy. Visitors may feel too indimidated by the aura and prestige of “Shakespeare” to make choices right away. Well, the first one’s free. 2.1 space for the entryway The entryway is part of the exhibit. Insofar as we expect it to consist of minimal, navigational content, we put it physically up front (with prepend): #exhibit <prepend> <div id="entryway" /> (As such, this might be considered like a header.) The @import docking @import order_of_exhibit_layers hug-parent() // The entryway fills the viewport. Always. pointer-events none z-index $entrywayLayer overflow hidden // don't reflow in Gecko when children are translated Because of the z-index (and other things, I think?) a compositor layer is created. The contents of the entryway cannot be gone-between by other layers. The point of the pointer-events none rule on the entryway (and all of the “reset” rules on its children) is to allow click-through to the ground. Without this rule, the entryway itself would act like an invisible wall blocking pointer events to anything behind it (even where it is empty). However, this behavior is currently unused, as the ground doesn’t recognize any user actions. So if that continues, I’ll get rid of said rules. 2.2 signs in the entryway The only thing in the entryway are signs. I’m tempted to say the only thing allowed in the entryway are signs, but why set myself up to be forsworn? 2.2.1 acknowledgement of the possibility of other signs in the entryway There’s only one essential sign in the entryway—the one that says “Shakespeare.” Maybe you’ve seen it. (There’s also the beacon, but that’s part of the firmament, not the entryway.) #entryway <prepend> <nav id="entryway-signs"> That <nav/> element 2.2.2 the Shakespeare sign This sign is front-and-center in the entryway. It’s almost ridiculous. In document terms, it’s mostly significant as a header. <header id="shakespeare-sign"> <h1 id="shakespeare-sign-heading"> <a id="shakespeare-sign-link" href="/#Shakespeare"> <span class="text">Shakespeare</span> The Shakespeare sign is basically the central affordance on the site. It sits just above the center of the entryway. @import thumb-metrics @import responsive position absolute top 40% left 50% transform translate(-50%, -50%) sign_size(thumbs, font = undefined) width $thumbRems * thumbs height $thumbRems * thumbs font-size font if font != undefined sign_size(thumbs: 1.5, font: 150%) scale_sign(min, thumbs, font) @media (min-height min) and (min-width min) sign_size(thumbs, font) scale_sign(20rem, 2, 200%) scale_sign(25rem, 2.5, 250%) scale_sign(30rem, 3.0, 300%) scale_sign(35rem, 3.5, 400%) That’s just the positioning container; the actual “thing” is a link. // IT DOTH APPEAR that this h1 is just for semantics. @import docking margin 0 // beat h1 default font-size 100% // beat h1 default @import colors @import arrows @import pointing @import centering @import signs // The link fills the sign. pointer-events auto // reset from parent layer // Doing this here means it also applies to the down arrow. font-weight 200 // beat h1 default line-height 1.2 // Not really needed, just being explicit // Round, like a globe border-radius 50% // The first two box shadows help soften aliasing effects on some parts of // the circle. // Note that the large shadow does extend the area repainted by hover // effects. You can get around this (at least in Chrome) by putting the // shadow on a pseudo-element, but I don't find the extra painting to be // detrimental, since the event is infrequent. box-shadow \ 0 0 1px $worksColor, 0 0 3px rgba($worksColor, .6), 0 .25em 1em -.125em #111 // Sign stuff // IS THIS kind of a general thing? // Works sign stuff background rgba($worksColor, .8) background rgba($worksDarkColor, .8) // Down arrow, below text top 70% > .text position absolute // Center horizontally and (almost) vertically top 50% left 50% transform translate(-50%, -50%) margin-top -7% letter-spacing -.04em 2.3 the end of the entryway What happens if you keep going? It’s worth asking, because some people will. It’s kind of like the “back door"—the thing you reach if you walk past everything. Restrooms may be found there, or utility closets that say “staff only.” In document terms, a “footer” is a section, usually at the end, that implies a gentle return to the broader context. Maybe I’ll want something like that later. #exhibit <append> <footer id="entryway-footer"></footer> In space terms, the footer is just some “breathing room” at the bottom of the entryway, just as we have at the top. transform translateY(400vh) height 100vh 3 regions A region is a set of documents. But it’s more than that. It’s also a way of thinking about those documents. 3.1 region messages hyphens auto color rgba(#EEE, .8) font-weight 200 box-sizing border-box padding 0 2em text-align center @media (min-width 30rem) and (min-height 25rem) font-size 150% @media (min-width 50rem) and (min-height 30rem) font-size 200% font-weight bold @import signs $regionHeadingLineHeight = 1.25 $regionHeadingFontScale = 3 $regionHeadingPadding = .5 $regionHeadingHeightRems = unit(($regionHeadingLineHeight + $regionHeadingPadding) * $regionHeadingFontScale, rem) margin-top 0 // beat h1 default margin-bottom 0 // beat h1 default // Apply to exit link as well font-weight 200 // beats h1 default font-size $regionHeadingFontScale * 1rem display block padding-top unit($regionHeadingPadding / 2, em) padding-bottom unit($regionHeadingPadding / 2, em) line-height $regionHeadingLineHeight text-align center letter-spacing -.02em 3.2 region colors These colors will be used throughout the site, so we write them to a library. $worksColor = #8D7454 $worksLightColor = lighten($worksColor, 35%) $worksDarkColor = darken($worksColor, 35%) $resourcesColor = #579 $resourcesLightColor = lighten(desaturate($resourcesColor, 35%), 30%) $resourcesDarkColor = darken($resourcesColor, 55%) $aboutColor = #111 // also nightSkyColor Move these to the appropriate location (but you’ll have to split the colors library). $skyColor = #DDD $nightSkyColor = #111 // NOT SURE how much of the following is used $contextColor = desaturate(red, 50%) $highlightColor = desaturate(#FFA, 20%) // general interpolate(n1, n2, t = .5) min(n1, n2) n1 < n2 ? n1 : n2 min(n1, n2) + t * abs(n1 - n2) blend(color1, color2, t = .5) interpolate(red(color1), red(color2), t), interpolate(green(color1), green(color2), t), interpolate(blue(color1), blue(color2), t), interpolate(alpha(color1), alpha(color2)), t) background $contextColor Figure 1: Swatches of the main colors 4 the Shakespeare region 5 quotes from Foltz Using geography to place information creates an analogy between navigation along a path through knowledge and navigation along a path through a place in the real world. This creates an interesting cognitive economy: by reusing a viewer’s geographical knowledge of an area, the organizing principle of the exhibit is known before he even steps inside, and a mental map of it is already available.(47) The main message. This is the one, central idea that every visitor should learn and take home from the space. It is the one-line “story” that the space tells. It should be able to be stated concisely in one sentence, and every piece of material in the space should support this main message in some way. Every visitor to an exhibit should be able to recall this central idea after leaving. I love this guy: Information should be placed in the space should according to an organizing principle, and this principle should be communicated explicitly to the user. It is this crucial property that permits the user to form a conceptual map of the space: a correspon- dence between its spatial organization and the semantics of the information it contains Seriously, this makes me giddy: An information space that fulfills these requirements can solve the problem of being lost in hyperspace. The user will always know his location relative to other information in the space and can effectively construct routes to search for the information he needs. The user can also browse through the space in a more undirected manner to look for information of interest, /or take an instructive tour through the space that reveals the depth and breadth of its contents/. [emphasis mine] I can’t get enough of this: And, since the space is designed around a principle reflecting its content, his mental map is a conceptual map: a map of the ideas, concepts, and material within the space. Multiple wayfinding episodes will reinforce his conceptual map, improving his knowledge of the space and what it contains. But note, Information spaces do not need to be three-dimensional and Euclidian in nature, but should be constructed so that users can apply the navigation skills they use in the physical 20 environment. The basic elements mentioned earlier – landmarks, paths, and maps – will each play an important role as features in these spaces. The web version is here, but head tags indicate it is derivative of the \TeX version. A PDF version is here. about willshake Please report problems on the issue tracker. For anything else, Willshake is an experiment in literate programming—not because it’s about literature, but because the program is written for a human audience. Following is a visualization of the system. Each circle represents a document that is responsible for some part of the system. You can open the documents by touching the circles. Starting with the project philosophy as a foundation, the layers are built up (or down, as it were): the programming system, the platform, the framework, the features, and so on. Everything that you see in the site is put there by these documents—even this message. Again, this is an experiment. The documents contain a lot of “thinking out loud” and a lot of old thinking. The goal is not to make it perfect, but to maintain a reflective process that supports its own evolution. graph of the program An edition of the plays and poems of Shakespeare. the works
William Miller 's The Crucible Essay 1453 Words Mar 4th, 2016 6 Pages In almost every novel, there is always a main character with outstanding values. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth (1606) and Arthur Miller’s The Crucible (1953), the protagonists have very strong traits. In the novel Macbeth, Macbeth himself is a very ambitious character in the play. As for Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, John Proctor is a man of integrity. In the following will be shown that Macbeth is a very ambitious man in a way that he will do anything, like ruin his name, to have power in his hands whereas John Proctor will do anything to keep his good name and reputation. Although these two novels have some similarities, they also have some differences. In contrast, one of these two protagonists is a lot more noble than the other. In similar fashion, each of the protagonists are in a process of self questioning and finally, both of these main characters have fatal flaws, which leads both of them to their death. To begin with, John Proctor, the protagonist of Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, is a lot more noble than the protagonist in Shakespeare’s Macbeth, Macbeth. That said, John Proctor is proven to be more noble than Macbeth since he is honest and knows how to differ wrong from right. “A man may think God sleeps, but God sees everything, I know it now. I beg you, sir, I beg you—see her what she is. My wife, my dear good wife, took this girl soon after, sir, and put her out on the highroad. And being what she is, a lump of vanity, sir - Excellency, forgive me, forgive me.… Related Documents
Mumps is a contagious illness caused by a virus that infects the salivary glands, especially the parotid glands (between the ear and the jaw), and that sometimes infects other glands, particularly the testicles. The glands become swollen and tender as a result of the infection. Other symptoms include belly pain and flu-like problems. Mumps can affect people of all ages. In adults, symptoms may be more severe, and complications are more likely. Most people get better with rest and home care. But some people need treatment in the hospital. Although mumps is not common, it can spread to people who have not received the mumps vaccine (measles, mumps, and rubella series). Share This Page:
Australian researchers have discovered a protein in lung fluid that could help them determine if a patient has mesothelioma months or potentially even years before the tumor has grown large enough to be visible in scans. Proteins as Mesothelioma Biomarkers Proteins are found naturally in the body. They are what different parts of our bodies use to communicate with one another. But sometimes things go wrong, and the messages the proteins send can help cancerous cells grow and thrive. In those situations, some proteins can be used as biomarkers. This means pathologists (doctors who study disease) can look for these proteins to determine whether or not a person has or potentially has mesothelioma or some other disease. Recently, researchers at Flinders University in Adelaide, South Australia, decided to study the proteome (protein profile) in pleural effusions—the fluid build-up in patients’ lungs that is often the first pleural mesothelioma symptom. The scientists were hoping to see if any of the proteins associated with mesothelioma would be in the fluid in unusual amounts. They found several. In the article, Reuben White, the lead investigator, wrote: “We identified several proteins that may be possible targets and warrant further investigation.” Some of the proteins that were upregulated—there were more of them than usual—were S100 proteins, cytokeratin 5/6, serum amyloid protein-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The VEGF Protein VEGF is a signal protein that helps the body both form new blood vessels and ensure their survival. This process is called angiogenesis. However, while this is a vital process, when it comes to tumors, new and sustained blood vessels also promote the growth of cancer cells. Tumors need a blood supply for oxygen and nutrients that help it grow. Cancer cells trick VEGF into creating new blood vessels by giving off the chemicals that encourage angiogenesis. White and his team explains that “Due to the predominance of [up-regulated] proteins involved in VEGF [signaling] in [pleural mesothelioma], we [analyzed] VEGFA levels in effusions and found a strong correlation between VEGFA levels and survival in [pleural mesothelioma].” Unfortunately, that correlation is patients who have higher levels of VEGF in their pleural effusions tend to have poorer prognoses and do not live as long as others with lower levels of VEGF. Mesothelioma Biomarkers for Detection and Treatment While the correlation between VEGF and pleural mesothelioma survival rates sounds bleak, it is essential for researchers to learn about. Once they have determined whether or not the proteins they singled out for further research are mesothelioma biomarkers, they can turn to use them to improve diagnosis and treatment methods. One reason for this is because fluid build-up in the lungs is one of the earliest symptoms of mesothelioma. Therefore, once a patient has fluid in their lungs, a pathologist can draw fluid from the lungs to look for any biomarkers. If high VEGF levels in a pleural effusion is a mesothelioma biomarker, then pathologists can see if there is more VEGF than usual in order to accurately determine whether or not a patient has mesothelioma. Furthermore, because the pathologist did not have to wait for a tissue biopsy, this diagnosis can happen much sooner, mainly because the tumor must be visible for doctors to be able to remove part of it. VEGF may also be an excellent protein to target for therapy. Another study that was focusing on a different protein that stimulates angiogenesis—brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)—discovered that there might be a link between VEGF and BDNF. So those researchers are looking into ways to block the messages these proteins are sending to prevent the cancer from growing. View Author and Sources 1. National Cancer Institute. “Angiogenesis Inhibitors.” Retrieved from: Accessed November 1, 2018. 2. National Cancer Institute. “Biomarkers.” Retrieved from: Accessed November 1, 2018. 3. White, R. et al. (2018). “Quantitative mass spectrometry to identify protein markers for diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma.” Journal of Proteomics. Epub ahead of print. Retrieved from: Accessed November 1, 2018. Last modified: November 16, 2018
Quality of Life Comparison If you lived in Bosnia and Herzegovina instead of El Salvador, you would: live 2.0 years longer In El Salvador, the average life expectancy is 75 years (72 years for men, 78 years for women). In Bosnia and Herzegovina, that number is 77 years (74 years for men, 80 years for women). be 27.2% less likely to be obese In El Salvador, 24.6% of adults are obese. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, that number is 17.9% of people. make 42.7% more money El Salvador has a GDP per capita of $8,900, while in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the GDP per capita is $12,700. be 48.3% less likely to be live below the poverty line In El Salvador, 32.7% live below the poverty line. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, however, that number is 16.9%. spend 66.7% less on taxes El Salvador has a top tax rate of 30.0%. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the top tax rate is 10.0%. be 2.9 times more likely to be unemployed In El Salvador, 7.0% of adults are unemployed. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, that number is 20.5%. be 79.6% less likely to die during childbirth In El Salvador, approximately 54.0 women per 1,000 births die during labor. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, 11.0 women do. be 67.3% less likely to die during infancy In El Salvador, approximately 16.8 children die before they reach the age of one. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, on the other hand, 5.5 children do. be 11.9% more likely to be literate In El Salvador, the literacy rate is 88.0%. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is 98.5%. have 45.7% less children In El Salvador, there are approximately 16.2 babies per 1,000 people. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, there are 8.8 babies per 1,000 people. Basic Needs be 2.4 times more likely to have internet access In El Salvador, approximately 29.0% of the population has internet access. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, about 69.3% do. spend 41.2% more on healthcare El Salvador spends 6.8% of its total GDP on healthcare. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, that number is 9.6% of GDP. see 93.5% less coastline El Salvador has a total of 307 km of coastline. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, that number is 20 km. Bosnia and Herzegovina: At a glance How big is Bosnia and Herzegovina compared to El Salvador? See an in-depth size comparison. The statistics on this page were calculated using the following data sources: The World Factbook, Ministry of Finance, Indirect Taxation Authority of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Join the Elsewhere community and ask a question about Bosnia and Herzegovina. It's a free, question-and-answer based forum to discuss what life is like in countries and cities around the world. Share this
Species within a genus ge, gea, geo-, = earth, land; chloa, chloe, = the tender shoot of plants in spring, the blade of young corn or grass. (the name refers to the geophytic habit of the plants in this genus. This habit is unusual in the grasses and seems particularly characteristic of the three species of Geochloa) (LS, Mbg) Geochloa lupulina (La) Location: (K) lupus, = a woolf; -ulus, = diminutive; lupula, = a little she-wolf; a witch, a hag; lupulus, = the hop, a plant Humulus lupulus; -inus, = indicating material or colour, hence possession or resemblance. (resembling a bunch of hops) (ld, BL, Ox) Geochloa rufa (La) Location: (F) rufus, = red, reddish.
Why is Deep Breathing Important? Why is Deep Breathing Important? Anxiety is self-sustaining, often setting itself up cyclically: it causes physical symptoms that are often frightening… these then cause more anxiety, which leads to more physical symptoms and on it goes. This can cause poor breathing habits due to shorter, shallower breaths. Normal breathing is subconscious since your body takes in exactly how much it needs. “Chest breathing” increases anxiety and tension and limits the diaphragm’s range of motion. To help your body breathe more productively and normalize the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide, you’ll want to focus consciously on deep abdominal breathing. This breath focus allows you to disengage from distracting thoughts and sensations and taps into your body’s self-healing mechanism. Try a deep belly breath: breathe in slowly through your nose, allowing your chest and lower belly to rise as you fill your lungs. Let your abdomen expand fully. Now breathe out slowly through your mouth. A good technique to teach kids uses a visualization of filling a balloon in the belly and ask them to: smell the flowers and blow out the candles. Check out more videos in our Psych in 60 series! If you have a question or would like Dr. Wright to speak to your organization, let us know in the comment section below! Click here for more content by Juliet Kuehnle, MS, NCC, LPC! Juliet Kuehnle, MS, NCC, LPC Juliet Lam Kuehnle is a licensed professional counselor. She specializes in helping all ages with eating disorders, body image, self-esteem, picky eating, grief & loss, mood disorders, trauma, and with the LGBTQ population. She also works with lots of middle and high schoolers to help them navigate their challenges and stressors. She is trained in EMDR therapy and uses this often with trauma, phobias, anxiety, and other areas in which clients feel stuck. She spends her free time with her husband and two young daughters, watching Duke basketball & golf, and in the music scene! Please enter your comment! Please enter your name here
Machine learning. We’ve all fallen guilty to hearing the topic come up in conversation, looking confused for a moment and then gently nodding in agreement, having no knowledge of what it actually is. Machine learning is just like that “artificial intelligence” thing that everybody is talking about, right? Well, yes and no. Well then what’s the difference? Artificial intelligence is a general term used to describe machines that can carry out tasks similar to a human - think Scarlett Johansson as a sentient voice in Her, C-3PO in Star Wars, or the androids in the Alien franchise (but only bother with the first two movies). Artificial intelligence is a subject made up of equal parts doubt, fear, excitement, and anger. The wider implications of A.I. are staggering: from super-intelligent machines that have perfect recall, immense knowledge bases and the ability to multi-task, to what’s called “artificial general intelligence” or A.G.I. A.G.I. is a field of artificial intelligence research in which machines successfully perform cognitive tasks as a human would. This is an area filled with ethical dilemmas and moral quandaries - check out the response to Google’s much-hyped, yet polarizing automated voice calling technology, Duplex. Robots as we know them are the beginnings of AGI - but machine learning is happening now. Machine learning however has been designed to solve specific problems we face today. Machines in this field are taught to analyze and discover patterns for themselves, and then predict relevant solutions. Seamless, blended machine learning is not some far off concept in science fiction - it’s happening now. Self-driving cars, fraud detection, and how Netflix creepily knows what you’re going to binge next are all machine learning in action. The origins of machine learning What you might be surprised to know is that the term “machine learning” was coined before the Internet was even around. Way back in 1959, American computer genius Arthur Samuel was able to teach a simple computer to play checkers. To accomplish this, Samuel implemented what’s now known as alpha-beta pruning. The best way to imagine this is if you were to picture a tree of data, where each branch shows the available moves on a checkers board, and then each twig of that branch was to show the future sub-moves to come. Instead of a computer testing every possible move, Samuel realised it was easier for the computer to assign a score to each possible move based on the chances of winning. This is taking into account how many pieces were left, how many kings were in play and how close players were to creating a king. While it has been scientifically proven that checkers is the most boring game known to man, it being the beginning of machine learning is pretty cool. Today, what has made machine learning more productive than ever is the fact that the Internet is constantly being updated with new data. Combine this with cheaper and widely available computing resources, faster disks, and more intuitive software, machines now have the ability to learn quicker. The potential for machine learning in today’s age really is quite limitless; accessing patient records to predict diagnoses in hospitals, generating interested-in items for media and e-commerce sites, and matching resumes to the most appropriate job openings. Machine learning can gather huge swaths of data and make accurate predictions. Machine learning means relevant search results So how can machine learning be applied when searching a website? Analysing previous searches by users, Sajari looks at what results perform the best in terms of relevance, then over time will gradually begin to push these up to the first results of a search query. The search feature learns what results are the most useful while also knowing what results aren’t generating clicks, and these will then eventually fall from the list. Search results are now a fluid, ever-changing display depending on who your users are and what they consider to be the most relevant. Ordering these results manually can be done on other search engines, which is fine for the most popular queries, but the algorithm can get confused when it receives a few keywords from one popular query and a few from another. Manual ordering is also affected by one person’s bias, and one person will have no idea what is best for all individual search queries made by users. Sajari allows you to influence certain queries if they align with a predetermined rule, for example boosting a result by 30% if it contains a matching keyword or other characteristic. CGP Grey have made a fantastic video about the in-and-outs of how machines learn over time. The basis of search on a website is so a user can find information - up to 43% of users to a site go straight to the search box. Naturally then it would make sense for the most relevant and useful results to appear at the top of the page for any query. For some more information on one of the many ways Sajari is using machine learning to power the future of search, check out our blog post on reinforcement learning. As much as the story of artificial intelligence as a dystopian and apocalyptic future has been pushed by science fiction, the reality is that machine learning is already being used to organize and streamline our lives both on and offline. If something as trivial as movie recommendations is using machine learning, then using it to optimize your user’s search is an easy choice. . . . To sign up for a free trial of Sajari you can head here, or reach out to us at for more details. 😎 You might also be interested in:
Bending machine in a factory Style Options for Bending Machines You will need to bend various sheets or plates to achieve the desired shape for your product. Very few materials are entirely straight nowadays. There are multiple techniques used to accomplish the bent shape of materials, but roll bending is the most popular. In roll bending, your material will be neither cut nor decreased but rather bent through the application of a force. This is hence among the chipless methods of sheet metal forming. Baileigh bender machines are ideal if you desire to get a large and smooth radius for your sheet metal panel. Before your sheet metal is bent, you will determine the minimum bending radius that suits your application. This will represent the value up to which your material can be bent without defects. If the material’s radius is less than your required minimum bending radius, this means the material will tear and spall at the edges when bent. Here are the common roll bender styles that might suit your industry: Single Initial-Pinch Machines These are typically used for light-capacity work and can be hydraulic or electromechanical. The machines will pinch a flat sheet between two rolls that are vertically opposed, while a third bending or offset roll will contact the sheet and bend it. Once the rollers are set in motion, your material will exit at a specific radius and rolled into a cylinder. Single initial-pinch machines need someone to remove and re-insert the sheets on both its ends. Though cost-efficient, this will make them labor-intensive for production settings. Four-Roll Style Machines Worker putting the metal in the bending machineThese will suffice for heavy to light industrial applications. They have one top roll in a fixed position and two lateral or offset rolls on either side with an extra roller under their top roller. This roller will constantly pinch the plate as it passes through the machine. This is the only machine with CNC or NCs since the fourth roll will minimize the risk of your material slipping and support the automatic control of these technologies. True-Pyramid Machines These are among the oldest roller benders available and are generally found on the used machines’ market. They have three rollers. The top roller is also called the bending roller and will move up and down, while the two lower rolls remain fixed. Though inexpensive, true-pyramid machines are not very user-friendly and often leave some parts of your material unbent. Two-Roll Machines These are used for roll bending metals with a thin gauge. They comprise a urethane-coated large-diameter pinch roller that moves against a steel small-diameter top roll. Though two-roll machines have a high production speed and will roll round sections even when the blank has cutouts and holes, they are not as flexible as other roll benders. When buying the given benders, consider their hardened roll surface. Most materials in industries nowadays are hardened and will need a solid outer roll surface on your roll bender. A Rockwell C scale hardness rating of 50-55 is the ideal choice. This will guarantee a long-lasting machine and reasonable penetration depth for your material. Leave a Comment
The Symptoms of Dehydration Dehydration has a number of varied of symptoms. These are as varied as they are numbered. There is no standard case of dehydration symptoms but there is a long list of various symptoms that have been observed. The list includes acidosis, waste from the body that gets collected which is not or does not get or shock. The main cause of dehydration though is the loss of water or liquid intake. This needs to be done especially when there is a considerable amount of loss of replenishing fluids from the body – like after a long sweat most commonly. If one does not stack up his body on replenishing fluids, symptoms that will follow are usually headaches. But one thing that prevents simple cases of dehydration from happening is the instinct that makes one quench his or her thirst the moment they are facing a thirst quenching drive under the hot summer sun that makes them sweat all the fluid in the body away. There are other more grievous ways for the body to lose fluid that the body needs to star in balance. These have to be kept in check by having a proper regular fluid intake. That means keeping fluid – preferably water by your side so that you have a sip or regular adequate intake as your body would need. If you don’t keep these in check, you suffer from diarrhea, bleeding in large amounts and vomiting. These can be very painful symptoms as these usually occur when you are in a place of great discomfort and heavy body exercises like mountain climbing, running or exercising. You must ensure that you not only the regular fluid intake but that you also take a lot more than the regular fluid intake because you are over exerting yourself in addition to putting yourself in an environment not suited to the optimum conditions that your body is used to. In case your fluid intake does not contain the blood loss that might occur, then you must stop that from increasing first before things get any worse. The symptom of purging though (vomiting that comes along with diarrhea) is one that has to happen when toxins have to be forcibly removed by the body’s systems. So if it initially happens, it should be allowed to happen but if it carries on for longer than a day, then it must be seen to. Athletes and cyclists must drink while the run as they sweat a lot which results in loss of much needed bodily fluid. If the symptoms become unmanageable, then you must always get the situation under control first. After that, you need to get immediate help with the long term treatment of the situation. If the patient suffering from it has a strong enough immune system to recover, time will do its deed and cause the recovery of the person to happen. Category: Disease and Conditions
Irony Poems Irony poems with their unique style, where words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words. Irony in poetry is in various forms like- verbal, situational, dramatic and rhetorical. Ironic poetry may also be a situation that may end up in quite a different way than what is generally anticipated. Dramatic irony evokes emotions. One can treat their poetic instincts with our collection of remarkably written ironic poems. Ironic poems create thrill and suspense. Poetry on irony makes readers judge the reality by understanding the sarcasm and paradox, cleverly penned by the poets. Simple Irony Simple Irony short poem Irony short poem A severed hand on my shoulder wrenches it off. You sit on a toadstool to measure the depth of grass. A raven scans the earth: nothing was left to eat. The hungry urchins had already punctured the garbage can. A Irony of Being Irony of Being short poem Irony Of Author Irony Of Author short poem In the absence of a consenting moon half my night was in disarray, the density of poems was draining out the grape wine from the eyes. This amphitheater of your life: where you are spectator and you are a player, The Irony Called Life The Irony Called Life short poem prose poem This evening, when I waited for my bus, at the bus stand, I saw a lady walk to the litter bin nearby, with a lunch box in her hand, She emptied its contents into a clear polythene bag, and threw Poems you will love In Front Of Our Houses In Front Of Our Houses short poem A logo at the sole of my shoes on my feet Is stepping up to get into my skull To close the passages of my ear drum From hearing ventriloquism The distant dreams in my retina Are fading one after Three Poems Three Poems short poem The Brain Born Perverts The Brain Born Perverts short poem Brain Born Perverts : The denial of earthly existence ! Does The Existence sustain? Beguile compels to distort , And infuses the fickle fake plots . The dignity of faith and the formidable stature Are plundered by time winged lockouts. A Thrilling Blast A Thrilling Blast short poem Poems containing references to : Irony A Note To Self For Those Tough Days!! A Note To Self For Those Tough Days!! prose poem Changing Facets Of Stone Changing Facets Of Stone short poem The Plea Of Conscience The Plea Of Conscience prose poem 85 Improvisations On One Smile 85 Improvisations On One Smile prose poem Human Paradox Human Paradox short poem Love short poem Love carries a natural gust. Always fulfils souls’ thirst. Sees nothing but completion, Brings forth, that is hidden. Oh! It does, it does… Love knows no limits. It exists beyond infinite. It obeys no rules. It never makes one a A Baby Named Almost A Baby Named Almost long poem Something ominous and undefined, illustrative and versatile. Something ambiguous, and something so subtle it hardly exists. Almost is all these things and more. It occupies life around its every corner. It is the grey between the blacks and whites, The King Serpentine King Serpentine short poem The Hapless Poetry Event The Hapless Poetry Event short poem At the hapless poetry event I thought I’d have a splendid time But as a poet I should know That life has the habit of being cruel So immensely cruel So I had to avoid the debris Of classical poetry Trapped short poem Words short poem Vanishing Man Vanishing Man short poem hand the colour of sand tries to bury itself into the concrete as if it were sand the grey slab lumped is not going to lie though, tonight, he will lie on it under corrugated pre-creased sheets the bumps a Being Happy Being Happy short poem The Beasts’ And The Birds’ Claim The Beasts And The Birds Claim short poem Point Of View Point Of View short poem Numb prose poem Life is but a fleeting moment. Death is but an unseen influence. Neither have any significance. Humanity is all of empty shells walking on broken ground. Emotions are only uncontrollable hormones. We act like we live with feeling when we What I Ask of You What I Ask of You short poem Strange that you should judge me so unkindly, I have been true, faithful; yes, I have loved you blindly. Life’s twists and turns… bittersweet irony, Precious little harmony; way too much acrimony. Please listen to me if I need to To Be Or Not To Be To Be Or Not To Be short poem Envy long poem I Failed You, Robin Williams! I Failed You, Robin Williams! long poem Words Jumbled Words Jumbled short poem Poems you may like : Nature’s Picture Natures Picture short poem To Childhood, With Love To Childhood, With Love short poem Looking back, I see That I’ve come a long way From where I used to be. In the faraway town, Where I spent the best days of my life. Rainy, sunny, cloudy… Whatever it may be. I had my own The Girl in Red Sari… The Girl in Red Sari... long poem Heavens descended Agni, Varuna, Indra & Yama¹ lined up To witness a Swayamvar² Of a heart with a soul, A reunion on earth & a Meghdutam³ With a cloud as pen The universe as canvas Was asked to describe The 1998 short poem Superficial Change Superficial Change short poem Cacophony within Cacophony within prose poem The Banyan Square The Banyan Square short poem Letter To You Letter To You short poem Ecstasy long poem Hobby? short poem The Unusual Home Coming The Unusual Home Coming prose poem Home did he come that fateful day But in a way too hard to believe Wrapped in the Tricolor Solemn and still . And truly it was a befitting tribute to a braveheart who put his life at stake To Suck Nectar From Petals Of My Red Lips Suck Nectar From Petals Of My Red Lips short poem When Darkness Prevails When Darkness Prevails short poem The Absent-minded Boy The Absent minded Boy short poem The Troubled Faith The Troubled Faith short poem
This content is FREE to subscribers Looks like you have entered a product ID (7587) that doesn't exist in the product database. Please check your product ID value again! We reserve the right to validate your circulation 696 words, with tag (Troy Media) Jason Kenney, the newly-elected leader of Alberta’s United Conservative Party, has made it clear that Alberta Premier Rachel Notley has no business dictating how sex education should be taught in the Catholic school system. It’s not for me or the premier to dictate to the Catholic education system how it teaches Catholic values, he has said. But isn’t intervening in defence of Canadian values the very purpose of government? In Canada, governments large and small codify our values in the form of laws that, by definition, intervene in our lives. And they do so in areas that many consider religious. For example, the Quebec government has recently introduced legislation that would prohibit the facial coverings worn by Islamic women. Is that not a case of governments dictating values? The idea of religious freedom is a central pillar of western culture. Unlike many cultures, and even our own historically, modern western culture advocates that differing religious values are to be respected in a pluralistic society. This broad-minded position on religion is an essential quality of our freedom. And it helps separate modern society from the bad old days of religious conflict. Not so long ago, religious beliefs weren’t up to the individual in western culture. Religion was assigned at birth and individuals were thoroughly indoctrinated. It was thought a common religion’s core beliefs helped stabilize society by shaping its values and institutions. In Europe during the Protestant Reformation, religion was a particularly heated subject. Monarchs and princes changed from Catholic to Protestant (or vice versa) and enforced their chosen religion on society with extreme cruelty. Common religious values were thought to be essential to political unity, so non-believers were hunted down and prosecuted mercilessly. They often ended up burned at the stake for the crime of holding unorthodox religious beliefs. The idea of religious freedom and tolerant pluralism (as we understand it today) was hard won. It came only after centuries of intolerance, cruelty and war. So is Kenney right? If we respect the principle of religious freedom, what right does the state have to impose values of its own? Notley has a duty to ensure that the individual rights of Albertans are protected. And that includes protecting the rights of young people in Catholic schools to have differing values, even if those values conflict with Catholic beliefs. The resolution of this religious paradox is complex. And it’s dependent on a unique compromise found in western culture. Bitter religious war led western society to a unique bargain. To have both a stable society and one with a diversity of religious beliefs required compromise. Individuals were free to choose any religion. But their religious beliefs were to be held personally and must be secondary to that individual’s civic responsibilities. So if you’re a strict Catholic, your religious beliefs may lead you to believe that LGBTQ lifestyles are to be discouraged and that those who participate in these lifestyles are denied God’s grace. However, to meet your civic responsibilities, you need to cede society’s democratically-established values, which consider LGBTQ lifestyles perfectly legitimate and a fundamental human right. So whether Notley can legitimately intervene in the Council of Catholic School Superintendents of Alberta’s proposed sex education program is complex. Yes, the law protects Catholic schools in Alberta. They’re entitled to promote Catholicism and its values. In that sense, Catholic sex ed is beyond the reach of a provincial premier. But if we’re to simultaneously have religious freedom and preserve our pluralistic society, the more liberal values of society must be recognized. It’s complicated, but it’s a complication that has allowed Canadians to enjoy a religious freedom too often denied in other nations. Disputes are bound to erupt when religious values and societal values clash. And every religion will face these conflicts. The secret to preserving civil order in the face of this complexity is to compromise. That creates the freedom that allows us to live and prosper together in peace. Included in Troy Media’s Unlimited Access subscription plan. sex ed, rachel notley, jason kenney, sex educationTroy Media Marketplace © 2017 – All Rights Reserved Trusted editorial content provider to media outlets across Canada Terms and Conditions of use Tags: , , , , , ,
Bedouin Life \| Democrats of the desert Bedouin Life is drawn from Chapter One, beginning on page 30, of Volume Five, The Sword of Islam of the twelve-volume historical series The Christians: Their First Two Thousand Years. If you would like to order this book please visit The biggest economic boom the Arabian Peninsula had ever experienced brought the people known as Arabs bursting onto the stage of world affairs Bedouin Life - Democrats of the desert Bedouin Life - Democrats of the desert By the fifth century, the caravan trade from the southern Arabian ports northwards across the desert had created an economic boom. Spices, perfumes, and all manner of Oriental imports were carried in camel trains like this one (above), from a painting by Paul Lazerges. Into affluent sixth-century Constantinople, with its expensive tastes, poured a steady avalanche of Oriental goods. Its host of imperial courtiers were clothed in Chinese silk. The pomp and ritual of its great cathedral and churches required huge quantities of incense and other fine Oriental materials. The wood of the palace’s interior walls was impregnated with aloe to afford a pleasant scent for the occupants. Food required rare spices, people rare perfumes. Bribes and gifts to barbarian chieftains required exotic cloth, precious stones, pepper and other products from India. Early on, these luxuries reached the west via an overland route from the valley of the Indus, through the Khyber Pass, Afghanistan, the Caspian coast and Persia. Then sea routes were developed across the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea and the Greeks built a canal connecting the Red Sea to the Nile, so that waterborne transport could run all the way from China and India to the Mediterranean. However, the Romans neglected the canal because of its high upkeep costs, so that by the fifth century the cargoes were carried only as far as the South Arabian ports, then by caravan northward. This created the biggest economic boom the Arabian Peninsula had ever seen, and in turn brought that strangely fascinating people known as the Arabs bursting irreversibly onto the stage of world affairs. The Arabs were neither a race nor a nation, however. In fact, the only denominators common among them were a uniform clan and tribal system, and a passionate interest in a certain style of poetry. The nomads of northern Arabia emerge in English and French as “the Bedouin,” from the Arabic word for desert-dweller. Hard, sinewy and lean like the desert itself, they held in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries a peculiar fascination for Europeans, especially Englishmen, and occasionally Englishwomen. The addiction was distinctly upper crust: Thomas Edward Lawrence “of Arabia,” who organized a motley Bedouin army against the Turks during the First World War; Sir Harry St. John Philby, who was the first European to make it across the Empty Quarter east to west, and later became himself a Muslim;1 Sir John Bagot Glubb, otherwise “Glubb Pasha,” who organized the Arab Legion against Germany during the Second World War, and against the Israelis after it, only to be dismissed in 1956, when the Arab forces were purged of British influence; and Lady Anne Noel Blunt, who lived with the Bedouin while searching out Arab living habits to embellish her diary and Arabian horses to improve her stable. To describe Bedouin life in the early twentieth century is to describe it in the sixth, for it scarcely changed. The nomad still ate, traveled, slept and traded much as he did in the age of the Roman emperors Constantine or Justinian. But Bedouin life does not reach back into antiquity. It probably developed during the first century as a utilitarian means of gaining a livelihood out of the advancing desert. For the Bedouin was not a barbarian. To move herds of sheep, goats and camels to wherever there was moisture enough to water and pasture them required a sophisticated expertise, just as dry-dirt cattle ranching does today. In winter and spring the Bedouin followed the elusive rainfall, in summer he remained close to the sources of permanent water. Every aspect of his life was fashioned to make such an existence possible. His diet of dates and camel or goat’s milk and goat meat was varied in good times with flour from the cultivated areas in South Arabia, or on occasion with the delicacy of locusts baked in salt. What water he found went to the livestock. His clothing–an undershirt to the knees and a robe to the ankles–hung loose upon him so that the air insulated him against the heat. A shawl wound about his face and tied with a cord to his head shielded eyes against sun–and ears, nose, mouth and eyes against sand and dust. His goat-hair tent was a technological triumph. In summer, its top shaded him from the sun and the sides were raised to admit the cooling breeze. In winter, the sides came down, and when the rare rains descended violently upon it, the loosely woven fibers would rapidly swell and waterproof the dwelling. The family tent was partitioned, a section for the women and children and one where the family head entertained his male guests. The chief or sheikh had a special tent, a diwan, or reception hall, used for tribal business and “occasions of state.” All tools and utensils and the tents themselves were portable, with boxes and carrying cases into which everything fit. Rapid mobility was essential. All of this could work only if the social unit was both cohesive and small. Each tent in a Bedouin camp represented a family unit. Several closely related family units might pasture their flocks together in winter, then join other such groups around an oasis in the summer. All these family groupings together formed the clan, the central factor in Bedouin life. The clan constituted every Bedouin’s society. It provided his means of livelihood; it represented his law and government; it served as his school, private club, labor union, insurance company, and the executor of his estate. The clan also defined the limits of the tha’r, the rule of vendetta that was universal throughout the desert. Murder of a clansman by an outsider demanded money or blood, and the resulting feud might go on for half a century. The chief or sayyid of the clan was chosen at a meeting of all the members, at which anyone could speak and everyone held a veto. He came, however, from what was regarded as the clan’s noblest family, and was picked for his ability, generosity, affluence, eloquence and sense of justice. His term of office lasted as long as he could demonstrate these qualities, and no longer. Other clan members addressed him as an equal. “There is no king on the desert,” the saying went. “The Bedouin,” says the historian Philip K. Hitti in his classic History of the Arabs, “is a born democrat.” The chief could make treaties on behalf of the clan, ransom members made prisoner, and settle internal disputes. He must care for the clan’s poor, and he could claim one-fourth of anything won in the Bedouin national sport, razzia, raiding other clans and robbing them, if possible without loss of life. Few relished the inescapable tha’r if a life were claimed. Finally, a powerful chief could pledge his protection to an individual, or a weaker clan, or–for a price–to a caravan passing through his territory. Such a pledge was expensive, inviolate, and consistently fulfilled. The clans banded together into tribes that, nominally anyway, claimed one common ancestor, as often did the individual clan. Thus the word banu (sons of) might designate a tribe or a clan. The clans in the great Banu Ghassan, the Christian allies of Constantinople, considered themselves descendants of Ghassan. The tribes, in turn, often combined for purposes of war or diplomacy into confederacies. But these were ephemeral, and frequently dissolved or regrouped in new ways. Even the tribes would split when they became too large, or ally themselves to other tribes when they became weak. What did not change was the clan, and Sir William Muir, whose definitive nineteenth-century biography of Muhammad was the first in the English language and remains unsurpassed, noted that the same clan groups that lived around Mecca in Muhammad’s day were still there twelve hundred years later.2 Crimes within the clan might be punished by the loss of a hand or even execution. But the clan’s greatest power over the individual lay in its ability to expel him. In the desert, where any stranger was an enemy, such a prospect was unthinkable. The ostracized Bedouin lived alone. His family rejected him. Every hand was turned against him. Other clans, regarding him as flawed, would not take him in. Death by starvation or thirst was slow and almost inevitable. Expulsion therefore was rare, and social individualism was virtually non-existent. Though democrats, the Bedouin were also socially stratified. Many had slaves they had captured through raiding. And running within the system, then and now, were the equivalent of the Hindu castes. Some families were permanently laborers, some blacksmiths, some shepherds. Others, known as the “noble” Bedouin, disdained menial work and confined themselves to riding the camels, herding the livestock, plotting the raids and leading the frequent battles over grazing grounds. To take a wife above one’s social status invited reprisals from her family. To marry beneath one’s station was to risk expulsion from your own.3 The term Arab, probably deriving from an Arabic word meaning “nomad,” in the sixth century designated the six million or so inhabitants of the vast peninsula that lies between the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf, along with those in and around the arid tongue of the Syro-Mesopotamian Desert that reaches out of the peninsula to the north.4 The peninsula, a quarter the area of Europe and a third of the continental United States, was regarded as (and in the main still is) an arid, riverless, harborless, treeless, trackless waste–until the twentieth century, that is, when the “waste” was discovered to be accommodating the world’s largest and most easily productive oil reserves. Oil or no oil, however, some parts of it can go rainless for ten years at a time. When the rain does come, it often deluges the dried riverbeds called wadis in torrential flash floods. Long before it can reach the sea, the water vanishes into the ground, where the inhabitants sink wells, five hundred feet deep or more, to find it. Occasionally, it springs to the surface in an oasis, around which grow settlements, towns and a hundred varieties of date palm, whose fruit, along with camel milk, was until recent times the almost total diet of most inhabitants. Within this million-square-mile landmass, several features distinguish themselves. In the north spreads the Great Nefud, a forty-thousand-square-mile tract of reddish-white sand, which infrequent winter rains sometimes turn green with a thin carpet of grass, a joy and a bonanza for the nomads who eke a pastoral living out of it. Spreading south from the Nefud and then sprawling east and west lies the “Empty Quarter,” the largest continuous body of sand in the world, where winds can sweep the dunes to the height of a forty-story building, sometimes three to four miles in length. To the south, conditions ease. Oman, guarding the peninsula’s southeast corner, gets rain enough to support rice agriculture. The topsoil of Hadramawt along the south coast produces a dependable crop. Near the southwest corner, a very different world appears. The high mountains of Yemen are lush with rich foliage, the valleys thick with livestock. Yet it is in the west that history unfolds. Ridge upon ridge of gloomy sandstone and porphyritic mountains line the Red Sea coast. In the flinty valleys between them lies the long strip called the Hijaz, where nestles Mecca, transfer point for all northbound caravans, and in the sixth century, foremost beneficiary of the new boom. Here Muhammad was born and here too would lie, for centuries to come, the heart place of the faith known as Islam. The Arabs were Semites, a term used to distinguish the ancient Babylonians, Assyrians, Aramaeans, Chaldeans, Phoenicians, Amorites, Abyssinians, Arabs and Hebrews, all of whom appear to share a common root language. The Arabs, says the historian Hitti, preserve more of the original Semitic features than do the Jews. Biblically, they are viewed as the descendants of Shem, one of the three sons of Noah. Long before Muhammad, the Arabs considered themselves cousins of the Jews. The latter, they said, descended from Abraham via his wife Sarah and their son Isaac, they from Abraham via the handmaid Hagar and their son Ishmael. Hence in the Old Testament, the Arabs appear as Ishmaelites.5 To the Romans, the Arabs were Saraceni and to the Greeks Sarakenoi, possibly derived from the Greek corruption of an Arabic word meaning “east,” hence the English synonym for Arab, “Saracen.” Throughout their history, they moved northward in waves from the peninsula into the fringes of the settled regions of Egypt, Palestine, Syria, and Mesopotamia, where they preyed upon the townspeople and farmers, eventually supplanting them to become townspeople and farmers themselves. Here they became bilingual, learning the Aramaic language that from 1200 b.c. on had been the common parlance of farmers and townsmen alike throughout Syria and Mesopotamia. But they retained their Arabic as well, no great difficulty since the two languages are much the same.6 From its desert origins, Arabic emerged as a language rich with subtlety and gradations of meaning. Its lilting cadences made it a superb medium for lyrical verse, and it sounds better recited than spoken. Its ancient poetry was preserved solely by recitation. It revels in war, in the thrill of stalking an unsuspecting enemy, bursting in upon him to steal his livestock, women, and children, and then vanishing without trace into the trackless sands. It relishes alike the insufferable heat of the sun and the tranquil cool beneath the moon. Beyond being a warrior, a great man must also be an orator and a lavishly generous host. Woman, though man’s chattel, is celebrated as his companion and business partner. The poet was more than an entertainer. He was a tribal functionary. His verse must raise the tribe’s spirits and utterly dishearten the enemy. There were single-combat contests between poets, just as between warriors. To the Arab, whether townsman or Bedouin, poetry was a mystical, supernatural thing, a common bond among all Arabs. The distinction between town-Arab and nomad was not sharp. Some bands lived in the towns during one season, on the desert in another. Many eventually abandoned the desert permanently, retaining, however, their Arab names and genealogy, their family law and customs, and their language. Having settled in the towns, they might become farmers or traders, financing and organizing trans-desert caravans of merchandise. In all these pursuits, their worst problem was those Arabs who remained nomadic. The nomads needed the products of the towns, and acquired them either by raiding and stealing them, or by contract in exchange for “protection”–protection, that is, from yet other desert raiders. The arrangement sometimes reduced the townspeople to virtual bondage to the nomads whom the townspeople sometimes despised as wanton barbarians. To the macho desert people, on the other hand, the townsmen were mere wimps who had rejected manliness, the prized virtue of the nomad. The only way to stop the incessant raids on the communities along the edges of the desert was to bribe the tribes who were doing it, and to use them instead to fight off others who wanted to do it. Therefore, both of the great ancient empires established protective spheres of influence beyond their frontiers, the Roman embracing the hinterlands of Syria, Palestine and Egypt, the Persian the western borderlands of Mesopotamia, plus Bahrain and Oman down the peninsula’s east coast. Within these, each empire established client kingdoms and tribal federations, bestowing upon their chiefs the imperial authority and (in the case of the Romans) the title phylarch. In exchange for an annual subsidy, the phylarchs, when called upon, reinforced the Roman army with cavalry and camel units. The Arabs, both within the cities and without, called themselves “the People of the Camel,” and only one other word in their language had more synonyms and derivatives than the thousand that applied to the camel. That was the word for sword. The Bedouin slept by his sword, and often uneasily, for all his kin and property were at the constant risk of a raid by another clan. If he did not lie awake worrying about who might attack him, he lay scheming about whom he himself might attack. This was razzia, which Hitti describes as the Arabs’ “chronic mental condition.” It was as old, or older, than Bedouin life. The geographer Strabo observed in the first century b.c., “Every Arab is a tradesman and a robber.” The Syrian historian Ammianus Marcellinus compared the Saraceni to birds of prey. “Whenever they have caught sight of any prey from on high, they seize it with a swift swoop and directly make off.” He observes that they are usually leaderless; that they ride their swift horses or slender camels half-nude, clad only to the loins, that no farmer between the Tigris and the Nile was safe from them, and that they are “without homes, without fixed abodes, and without law.” St. Jerome recalls the chagrin of a monk who told him of a party of men, women, and children on a public highway between Syria and Mesopotamia that crossed through the desert. “Suddenly these Ishmaelites,” said the monk, “riding upon horses and camels, descended upon us in a startling attack, with their long hair flying from under their headbands. They wore cloaks over their half-naked bodies, and broad boots. Quivers hung from their shoulders; their unstrung bows dangled at their sides; they carried long spears. They had come not for battle but for plunder. We were seized, scattered and carried off in different directions.” The monk subsequently escaped. Others would have been sold back to their families, or on the open slave market. Razzia, however, was more than mere sport. Even the scant rain that the desert expected would often fail, and the dilemma facing the Bedouin was to either steal or starve. They chose the former, and by the sixth century, though few realized it, their lifestyle had made the Arab nomads the most dangerous assault troops in the world. To both the Romans and Greeks, they were an object of contempt. The Byzantine Romans, who distrusted all tradesmen, especially distrusted Arabs, and very especially Bedouin, whom they regarded as cynical, materialistic, avaricious to the point of addiction, insubordinate, lawless, and particularly treacherous to any who had been fool enough to befriend them. Though they could rarely satiate it, their appetite for food, wine and women was voracious, even gluttonous, as events were soon to prove. It was untrue, however, that they lacked scruples. Their greatest enemy was nature itself, and a man caught on the desert without water and food could count on their boundless hospitality. The young lad who was expelled by his father for slaughtering the family’s only three camels to feed some starving wayfarers is a hero in Arab poetry. (He was, as it happens, a Christian.) Guarantees of protection were rigidly observed, and the Bedouin’s courage and readiness to die for the honor of the clan was instant. The role of women in pre-Islamic Arabia is a subject of confusion and dispute. Some early tribes were undoubtedly matrilineal. A woman would spend a few days with her husband if he happened to be camped nearby, but would raise her children in her own family group. Whether she could have more than one husband is not clear, but divorce was easy, and some women over time certainly had several husbands. In the towns, prior to Islam, women led an active business life, some of them financing and organizing caravans just as men did. At the same time, female infanticide also seems to have been practiced, because the Qur’an had to prohibit it specifically. Men certainly had numerous wives, and on the death of the father, the eldest son added all his father’s wives to his own. Bedouin morality did not arise out of religion. Here the Bedouin has always been a skeptic. He embraced, if it served his purposes, Christianity, then–with some notable exceptions–paid it little real heed. When Islam came, he did the same. Though Allah entered into his poetry, it was always obliquely, referring to what religious people did, rather than enjoining religion upon the hearer. Even before Muhammad, the Bedouin had words, it is true, that meant “prayer,” and “worship,” and “ascribe glory to,” but their gods mostly derived from nature. And their worship of the sun, moon, trees and stones consisted of appeals for natural benefits and for propitiation against natural disaster. Since surviving each day wholly preoccupied them, they had no time for philosophic speculation. Their ultimate realities were birth, marriage, food, rain, death, goats, sheep and camels. Their poetry contemplated fate, usually as a dismal observation of its injustice. The Bedouin, however fearsome, were necessary to both the Romans and Persians. For one thing, only they could run the trans-desert caravans. They knew the trails and the watering places, and how to avoid trouble. For another, they could not be controlled. Their homeland, the desert, proved unassailable. Caesar Augustus’s efforts to invade the peninsula with ten thousand men down the Red Sea coast at the time of Christ had proved such a serial calamity of disease, hunger, toil, treachery and death that no one tried it again for more than five hundred years. This is the end of the Bedouin Life category article drawn from Chapter One, beginning on page 30, of Volume Five, The Sword of Islam. To continue reading more about Bedouin Life from The Christians, Their First Two Thousand Years we suggest experiencing the rest of the book, complete with hundreds of magnificent illustrations, by ordering it at
Cooking With Grains Culinary grains commonly undergo some degree o processing milling) before they reach the kitchen. The milling process either strips away or scores the bran and may also remove the kernel’s germ. In addition to refining, milling may also break the grain into small pieces or grind it into a meal. There are various levels of preliminary processing. For example, brown rice that reaches the kitchen has undergone little refining; white rice, on the other hand, has been stripped of its bran and may be polished or converted as well. . . . The grain’s most nutrientrich part is the endosperm, which serves as a storage facility for the carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, and for some of the proteins and oils. Humans rely on the endosperm’s nutrients; even if the germ and the bran are removed, the endosperm itself is still a potent energy source. The techniques covered here are for cooking the major culinary grains-rice, barley, bulgur wheat, couscous, cornmeal, and certain grains used as side dishes.
Home bio contact events links wave solar hydroelectric nuclear wind oil energy economics energy user gas user oil & gas cities energy user energy user Energy Economics RSS feed Starks Energy Economics, LLC 3rd quarter 2012 Low First-Half Natural Gas Prices Help Clean the Air Recent news about the environmental benefits of natural gas price competition with coal is upbeat: because US natural gas was so inexpensive in the first half of 2012, it displaced carbon-intensive coal as a generating fuel for electricity, part of the reason carbon dioxide emissions fell to their lowest level in twenty years. US Electricity Generation by Fuel US Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions These changes can be seen above in the full-year projections by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) of a 25% increase in the use of natural gas for electricity generation almost completely offsetting coal use and the corresponding drop in CO2 emissions in the first quarter of 2012. The EIA gives a more complete explanation: a) CO2 emissions are typically highest in the winter from use of energy for heating, but last winter was exceptionally warm, reducing this demand (incidentally, much heating is from natural gas), b) The "excess" natural gas, coupled with its vastly increased US supply, led to such a low price that it displaced coal in the electric utility market. For example, the price of natural gas delivered to utilities between May 2011 and May 2012 fell an average of forty percent, from $4.91/million British Thermal Units (MMBTU) to $2.95/MMBTU. Utilities have moved from producing fifty percent of their electricity from coal in 2005 to 34 percent from coal in the early part of 2012. c) Reduced gasoline demand also led to reduced CO2 emissions. The graphs below show natural gas prices and a coal-natural gas price comparison. The source for the first graph is the EIA; for the second, the EIA and Stuart Staniford's blog. The coal price in the second graph is Central Appalachian coal. The vertical axes for both graphs are $/MMBTU. Natural gas spot prices Coal-natural gas price comparison According to investment bank Tudor Pickering Holt (TPH), switching from coal to gas starts to occur when the price of natural gas falls below $3.50/MMBTU. Switching at the beginning of 2012 was 3 billion cubic feet (BCF)/day, and it rose to 10 BCF/day during the second quarter of 2012. (Average US consumption is over 60 BCF/day.) Total US natural gas consumption is 22-24 TCF/year, with about a third of that used for electricity generation. Moreover, according to TPH, gas demand is expected to increase 5-10% after 2015 due to EPA-required retirement of 40-70 gigawatts of coal-fired power. The US has the world's largest recoverable reserves of coal. In 2011, over a billion short tons was produced, with more than ninety percent of that used to generate electricity. Only recently have the technologies of horizontal drilling and fracking unlocked US natural gas reserves. This gas production is "trapped" in the US; the expensive facilities to liquefy and export natural gas as LNG are at least three to four years away from start-up. Coal companies do not face such export limits. So, as some have said, US natural gas is now being "exported" as coal. Coal companies find plenty of demand worldwide. China consumed four times more coal than the US in 2011, about half of all coal used in the world. India, too, is a big consumer. Coal Consumption China and India produce much of the coal they use. Australia and Indonesia are large global coal suppliers. Carbon dioxide emissions from coal align with its use. So China is the largest emitter of CO2 overall and from coal use. Coal Production CO2 Emissions from Coal Why not use only emission-free sources? a) installed capacity is cheaper and most is coal, nuclear, and natural gas, b) a comparison of new plant costs by technology shows renewables are expensive, c) solar and wind plants can't operate 24/7. Estimated Levelized Cost of New Generation Resources in 2016 Previous Free Quarterly Updates sitemap \| home \| contact us \| bio \| links \| events All content copyright 2019, Starks Energy Economics, LLC.
• Background Image Yoga and Athletic Performance December 3, 2015 December 3, 2015 Yoga and Athletic Performance Introduction & Background This thesis discusses the importance of a regular yoga practice for sport specific training. The following material offers an argumentative analysis on sport related injuries and performance and how yoga can benefit the individual athlete and team, as a whole. Statement of Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to express why athletes should be incorporating yoga into their weekly training regimen and how that can be accomplished. III. Opening We need to pay special attention to the athletes’ needs, as their sport training naturally creates physical and mental imbalances. Depending on the sport, an athlete is prone to becoming strong in one area and weak in others. There is a mobility capacity that is often imbalanced in athletes that can create severe injury. For example, an athlete may find certain movements to be very easy and others to be very tight, rigid, or difficult. Typically, athletes are one-dimensional and yoga can diversify that. It is very difficult for an athlete to encounter a true yogic experience, as they are naturally competitive and hard on themselves. Athletes are likely to push themselves physically, ignoring cues and signs of pain in the body. A yoga practice will encourage a different level of body awareness. Yoga will encourage the athlete to listen to their body and note the difference between pain and discomfort. This will allow the athlete to prevent injury and possibly rehabilitate injury at a more appropriate pace. The yoga mat can offer a safe space for the athlete to remove their competitive nature and receive a much needed mental break from the pressures of the playing field. IV. Athlete Defined According to Webster, an athlete is a person who is trained or skilled in exercises, sports, or games requiring physical strength, agility, or stamina. (Webster, 2015) There are many different levels of athleticism, all of which I will describe below. An excerpt from the LTAD (Long Term Athlete Development) Model on the stages of athlete development will be used as an example to explore enhanced athletic participation and performance in athletics with long term development. Each stage is based on the individual’s development and not just chronological age. Age is merely used as a guide for the purposes of the study. Males and females develop at different rates, and ages differ throughout the stages. (Balyi, 2001) Learn to Train (Ages 8 – 12): Foundational Sport Skills The ages that define this stage for boys and girls are based on the onset and duration of the growth spurt, which is generally from ages 11 to 15 for girls and 12 to 16 for boys. This is the stage at which people are physiologically responsive to stimuli and training. Children should establish an aerobic base, develop speed and strength toward the end of the stage, and further consolidate their basic sport-specific skills and tactics. Skill training and physical development is considered superior to winning, at this stage. Concentrating on the process as opposed to the result of a competition leads to better development. This approach is critical to developing top performers and maintaining activity in the long term. Athletes are training at the middle and high school levels during this stage, both recreationally and competitively, club level play is also a factor. Train to Compete (Ages 15 – 23): College Exposure Once development is established, the athlete can train to compete. They can either choose to specialize in one sport and pursue a competitive stream, or continue participating at a recreational level and thereby enter the Active for Life stage. In the competitive stream, high-volume and high-intensity training begins to occur year-round. This is where club level play is pertinent. Clubs are defined as groups or organizations in which a specific sport is played at a level above high school varsity sports. At this stage, we see extreme competition for ages 13 – 18, and typically serves as a pre-cursor to collegiate sports and scholarships. Elite athletes with identified talent enter this stage to pursue the most intense training suitable for international performances. Athletes with disabilities and able-bodied athletes alike require world-class training methods, equipment, and facilities that meet their personal demands and the demands of the sport. This stage performs in the NCAA – National Collegiate Athletic Association and includes a level of competition in which one typically earns a scholarship for national play. This stage can also expand to the professional level or olympic competition. In professional and olympic play, a very small percentage of athletes qualify to compete. Professional sports include national play and high paying salaries. Elite olympic competition is at the International level. As yoga grows more popular in the west, we are seeing rapid incorporation of yoga at the professional sport level. Many National Football League (NFL), Major League Soccer (MLS), and National Basketball Association (NBA) players are required to have a regular yoga practice as a supplement to their training. V. Challenges Athletes Face Transitioning from middle school to high school, or high school to college can be stressful for any student. However, research shows that athletes may experience greater levels of stress due to the demands of their parents and coaches. The combination of athletics and academics in general can be overwhelming. It has been proven that athletics and physical activity can serve as a stress reliever as well. If a student-athlete is experiencing stress with scheduling/time demands, loss of star status, grades, injuries, or the possibility of sitting the bench, it can be quite overwhelming to have all these stressors concurrently. The interaction of these multiple stressors presents a unique problem for the student-athlete and can compromise total well-being. Research shows that student-athletes who experience these high levels of stress are more likely to acquire poor health choices and habits, experience mental health issues or suffer from low self esteem. In addition to mental health concerns, many student-athletes report physical health concerns that are not limited to injury. Common concerns include insomnia, tension headaches, fatigue, and digestive problems. In fact, 10% of college athletes suffer from psychological and physiological problems that are severe enough to require counseling intervention (Hinkle, 1994). Even more alarming is the fact that college student-athletes tend to avoid seeking out available counseling (Murray, 1997), so the percentage of student athletes who may actually require such intervention is possibly higher than this figure. Many studies have been conducted to research the struggles student-athletes face. Researchers have found that student-athletes have reported feeling uncertain in three common areas: personal uncertainty, social uncertainty, and future uncertainty. (Hinkle, 1994) As young athletes in today’s society, personal uncertainty is at all time high as children are being pressured to be uncertain about their body image, about the work-life balance, and so much more. Areas of personal uncertainty for student-athletes also include uncertainty about injury, future play, college, or about balancing school work and sports. Uncertainties developed during childhood can be transferred to the adult life. (Romo, 2014) Elements of social uncertainty, such as friends and cliques, are very common for student-athletes. There is the pressure of making your teammates your sole responsibility, your family. Social acceptance of performance on the court or field plays a large role with friendships and popularity, especially at the junior high and high school levels. Finally, student-athletes face uncertainty about the future. Which often spreads well into the adult years. Future uncertainty, such as uncertainty concerning post-collegiate careers and whether the time spent pursuing athletics will hurt career prospects, weighs heavily on choosing the right area of study. Juggling college sports and earning a degree can be very challenging. An athlete may want to pursue aerospace engineering, but is logistically unfeasible due to the nature of the team training schedule. When a high school senior is signing a scholarship contract with a University, they are quite possibly making a decision that will shape their entire future. The amount of pressure that puts on an 17 – 18 year old athlete can be extremely unhealthy. Most athletes are survivors and find ways to cope with stress and uncertainties. Most student-athletes have reported using a variety of stress relief techniques, including seeking social support from friends, family, or academic counselors; socializing with friends to take a break from sports and school pressures, which sometimes translates to binge drinking; negotiating with coaches in an attempt to raise their scholarship; and sometimes concealing their athlete status from peers to minimize people befriending them for the wrong reasons or prevent negative stereotypes. Other student-athletes come to terms with uncertainty as a natural part of life and turn to prayer to help them cope. Incorporating a solid yoga practice into the weekly routines of these student-athletes we can decrease the amount of stress, uncertainty, and injury. Having a self practice outside of team sports will greatly benefit student-athletes in the long run. It is the responsibility of educators to teach athletes the importance of and reasons why a yoga practice will greatly benefit their total well being. VI. Why should athletes practice yoga weekly Among yoga’s many benefits, stress relief ranks at the top. According to Timothy McCall M.D. (Medical Editor for the Yoga Journal), just about any system of yoga can help reduce stress levels, and the endemic of excessive stress levels is undoubtedly a major reason for the current surge in yoga’s popularity. Yoga means to “yoke” or from a union. This is the most profound tool that yoga offers. By linking breathe with movement through vinyasa, we naturally link our patterns with state of mind. The shallow, rapid breath that adults have acquired can be a result and/or cause of stress. Practicing proper breathing patterns through asana can help subdue our levels of stress. By incorporating breathing techniques into the athlete’s training regimen, we can slow down the breath, reduce stress and increase court awareness and clarity. The easiest of all techniques is to simply begin to breathe through the nose rather than the mouth. Lung capacity and focus will increase with nostril breathing. The greater resistance to air flow through the nasal passages compared to the mouth results in a naturally slower respiratory rate, which easily translates to a lower resting heart rate and quicker recovery. Abdominal breathing, in which the diaphragm is used to maximum advantage on the inhalation and the abdominal muscles help squeeze air out on the exhalation, results in larger breath volume. The diaphragm is also used as a stabilizer for the skeletal system during this breathing technique. Slower, deeper breathing is much more efficient in bringing oxygen into the body while not exhaling more carbon dioxide (CO2) than is desirable. Rapid, shallow breaths, in contrast, tend to deplete CO2 levels, which has a number of negative effects, including promoting mental agitation, says McMcall. (McCall, 2007) Another easy breathing technique to incorporate is lengthening the exhalation relative to the inhalation. This tool increases tone in the parasympathetic nervous system, as well as relaxation. This tool also decreases the fight or flight response controlled by the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. This technique allows athletes to make better game day decisions and deal with critical incidents in a positive manner. Technology has created a society of over stimulated beings. We all want immediate gratification and what we want is always at our disposal. Although this can be a positive tool for professionals, it is a leading cause of stress and burnout. Fortunately, one of the 8 limbs of yoga, Pratyahara, allows us to turn our senses inward. This practice not only relieves stress but gives us a platform for visualization and meditation. Cultivating states of pratyahara and meditation through practice, give us the tool to detect stress before it overwhelms us, allowing for more clarity and emotional control. All of which can be translated to the court, classroom, or office. In addition to stress relief, athletes will also acquire strength in underutilized muscles during a yoga practice. A regular, energizing yoga practice will cultivate strength as the athlete learns each posture. Not only will the athlete build strength in poses such as Virabhadrasana A & B (Warrior I & II), they will improve lean muscle mass. Sports such as swimming, running, and cycling typically under-utilize certain/specific muscle groups. Yoga will increase core stability and significantly decrease the likelihood of injury. As athletes grow rapidly, self control and stability are questionable. Yoga provides stability and balance, which equates to enhanced movement control. As the athlete cultivates balance, they will have improved technique and form. This leads to a more efficient stroke for a swimmer, a more fluid golf or bat swing, a longer running stride and even an improved jump shot. (Roll, 2012) Flexibility, the most widely assumed benefit of yoga, can do wonders for an athlete. Yoga improves crucial joint and muscular flexibility. This translates to greater range of motion in the shoulders and hips. A greater range of motion will make a volleyball spike more powerful, a swimmer able to pull more water, or allow a batter to have a more thorough swing at bat. Another great benefit, especially for youth, is mental and emotional control. The physical benefits of a regular practice are more commonly known. The mental benefit athletes acquire put yoga one step above all other training aspects. As the time comes to move inward on the mat, or quiet the mind, athlete’s tend to look for the exit. It is our job as teachers and coaches to encourage being still and quiet in poses such as shavasana, or corpse pose. Resting in shavasana or finding a sitting practice, allows the nervous and cardiovascular systems to do their jobs. A restored nervous or cardiovascular system will naturally increase performance on the court or playing field. VII: Yoga as a Visualization Tool Visualization can be defined as a formation of mental images; the act or process of interpreting in visual terms or of putting into visible form. Visualization allows the basketball player to see himself making the shot. It allows the volleyball player to see herself placing a serve. Visualization can be used for fundamental play or even to determine pain. The possibilities are endless when you have a strong visualization practice. Visualization, or mental imagery can be used to: familiarize the athlete with the playing field or site of competition, recall images of goals or past successes, perfect skills, and reduce negative thoughts while focusing on positive outcomes. Visualization should not be used to focus on outcomes, but to focus on the actions needed to achieve desired outcomes. Visualization will not only help to determine pain, it will also help to cope with pain. If an athlete can visualize the pain, they can describe it more accurately. Is it hot or sharp, tingling or throbbing? This will allow the athlete to differ pain from discomfort and/or help a professional orthopedic diagnose injury. Meditation plays a large role in coping with pain. Injury can be a travesty in the lives of athletes. Being able to deal with “sitting the bench” or rehab is extremely important and often overlooked. Fear, focus, and sleep are other important factors that can benefit from visualization. With fear, lack of sleep, and stress, the immune system takes a hit. Athletes cannot afford to get sick. If an athlete becomes ill and loses the chance of play time, it can negatively alter their mental state. A steady meditation or calming yin yoga practice will help strengthen the immune system. Fear is a common feeling for athletes; fear of losing, fear of failing, fear of injury, fear of the future, fear of letting your teammates down, fear of letting your fans down. Fear-based play can lead to mistakes. Fear consumes the mind and blocks the ability to perform. Meditation and visualization has been shown to calm the mind, surpassing the feeling of fear located in the amygdala. Focus plays a large role in determining certain plays, calls, wins, and losses. Focus increases court awareness. It may encourage a volleyball player to read the opponent to determine where to block a hit. Or, it may center the mind of a basketball player at the free throw line and increase the chance of making the shot. As a player gets frustrated on the court, focus and intention will allow the athletes mind to regain control of the situation. This practice will also encourage athletes to think in present tense, disregarding any failures that happened in the past or any game time in the future, focusing on the present situation and succeeding in the now. Athletes are typically comfortable in high stress situations and often pride themselves on that trait. However, having the ability to reduce stress in any situation can serve as a great tool for the individual athlete and his/her teammates. The lower the stress, the lower the intensity and opportunity for disaster. This also plays into emotion control. The life of an athlete is an emotional rollercoaster. Meditation can serve as a guide to understanding emotions and how to deal with them. This is something that can be embraced during a game or even when deciding which college to sign with. Sleep is one of, if not the most, important factor in an athlete’s life. Sleep is such a valuable tool that can be strengthened with a steady visualization or meditation practice. It is important that the athlete spend most of their sleep in stage three of the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) cycle. During stage three there is no muscle or eye activity. Stage three sleep consists of quality, deep sleep and can significantly serve an athletes performance on and off the playing field. With a regular visualization, breathing, and meditation practice, an athlete will undoubtedly increase performance on the court, increase lung capacity and strengthen the immune system. A steady practice will benefit the athlete individually and his/her team as a whole. All techniques used on the mat can be translated to the court or playing field and thereby enhancing total well being and performance. VIII. Injury Prevention and Rehab A very common training exercise for athletes is the over head squat. The over head squat can also be performed as a snatch or hang snatch. The movement can either be executed with body weight only or with a barbell over head. The proper positioning includes a very wide overhand grip while maintaining the bar and extended arms behind the head, the toes are positioned outward with a wide stance. To execute the movement, the athlete descends until knees and hips are at a 90 degree angle or until thighs are parallel to the floor. The knees travel in the direction of the toes and extend upward until the legs are straight. As the athlete moves through this exercise the head is forward, back is straight, chest is open toward the sky, and feet are flat on the floor with equal weight throughout. This particular movement is utilized in training for jump landing. Over use, poor form, and bad posture are just a few concerns that could lead to injury while practicing the over head squat. Common sport injuries from this movement (jumping) can affect the calves and ankles. The calf muscle, on the back of the lower leg, is actually made up of two muscles: the gastrocnemius and the soleus. The gastrocnemius is the larger calf muscle, forming the bulge visible beneath the skin. The gastrocnemius has two parts or “heads,” which together create its diamond shape. The soleus is a smaller, flat muscle that lies underneath the gastrocnemius muscle. The gastrocnemius and soleus muscles taper and merge at the base of the calf muscle. Tough connective tissue at the bottom of the calf muscle merges with the Achilles tendon. The Achilles tendon inserts into the heel bone (calcaneus). During walking, running, or jumping, the calf muscle pulls the heel up to allow forward movement. Possible conditions of calf injury include, but are not limited to, calf muscle strain, pulled muscle, muscle tears, and ruptures. Over stretching and over use of the muscle beyond normal length or capacity can result in common muscle tears or strains. Calf muscle strains can vary from mild to severe. A calf muscle strain is commonly called a pulled calf muscle. “Pulling” the muscle refers to stretching the calf muscle beyond its limit. These are all very common injuries for athletes and typically occur anywhere in the body. Moving downward on the leg, the ankle is a large joint made up of three bones: the shin bone (tibia), the thinner bone running next to the shin bone (fibula), and a foot bone that sits above the heel bone (talus). The bony bumps (or protrusions) seen on the ankle have their own names: the medial malleolus, the posterior malleolus, and the lateral malleolus. The ankle joint allows up-and-down movement of the foot. The subtalar joint sits below the ankle joint, and allows side-to-side motion of the foot. Numerous ligaments surround the ankle and subtalar joints, binding the bones of the leg to each other and to the foot. Ankle injuries are extremely common in athletics, especially in basketball, volleyball, and softball. Some conditions include sprains, fractures, arthritis, and gout. A sprain is caused by damage to one of the ligaments in the ankle, usually from an accidental twist or turn of the foot. Rehabilitation can prevent pain and swelling from becoming a long-term problem. The ligament joining the two bones of the lower leg (tibia and fibula), called the syndesmotic ligament, is injured in a high ankle sprain. A high ankle sprain causes pain and swelling similar to a true ankle sprain, but can take longer to heal. A fracture is a break in any of the three bones in the ankle. Most commonly, the bones of the lower leg (tibia or fibula) is fractured. And while it’s not common in athletes, osteoarthritis, the most common form of arthritis, can affect the ankle. Finally, a form of arthritis in which crystals periodically deposit in joints, causing severe pain and swelling, causes gout. The ankle may sometimes be affected by gout at later stages of the LTAD model. There are many ways to rehab the calf and ankle, but, one very common yoga posture which can facilitate healing – Downward Facing Dog (Down Dog), or Adho Mukha Svanasana. Down Dog calms the brain and helps relieve stress. It energizes the body and stretches the shoulders, hamstrings, calves, arches, ankles, and wrists. Down dog strengthens the legs and arms which prevents injury. Among the many benefits of this posture, it is also therapeutic for high blood pressure, asthma, flat feet, and sciatica. Fortunately, a sound yoga practice incorporates downward facing dog in most instances. IX. Stretching vs. Stabilizing Yoga differs from standard stretching in that it requires the athlete to stabilize specific muscle joints. By stabilizing the joints, we are increasing dynamic range of motion. This time also offers a mental break for the athletes as they focus on stabilizing muscle joints as opposed to power moves. A sound yoga practice reduces onset muscle soreness and reverses muscle imbalances caused from sport specific training. Having an intelligent yoga program will reduce pain and muscle cramps during competition. Yoga can accomplish improvement as simple as improved posture or as complex as increased athletic performance. By stabilizing the muscles, we are providing the athletes with the necessary tools to be more aware of their bodies on the court. Which in turn, increases performance both physically and mentally. (Melott, 2014) X. Yoga in the Training Season All athletes have an annual training program, regardless of sport. Most training programs contain an off-season and base period, a build period in which work intensifies, and a peak or competitive period. It is necessary for all training programs to include strength, agility, and plyometrics. Yoga should be used as a tool to compliment the training season, not undermine it. In order to incorporate yoga into the training season properly, there must be an inverse relationship between the intensity of training and yoga. In the off-season and base periods, training intensity will be light, and focus will be directed toward strength building and correcting imbalances caused by sport specific exercises. During this period yoga can be used to aid in injury rehabilitation by focusing on strength and building range of motion. As training intensity increases, the focus will become maintaining flexibility with yoga. Yoga practice during this period should focus on stretching over strengthening, with the exception of core strength asana. Yoga should always enhance performance, so it is important to listen to the body during this period, always erring on the safe side by not pushing past the edge. During peak and competitive training periods, yoga should be toned down significantly. Focus becomes the intention of the yoga practice. Yoga should include gentle modifications and restorative poses during this time. This is also a great training period to incorporate meditation, visualization, and breathing practices at least every other day. (Roundtree, 2008) Yoga is a great tool for athletes to teach them to listen to their bodies. In other words, yoga provides a platform for working an intelligent edge – sustainable intensity. Endurance athletes or marathon runners know this imagery all too well. A yoga practice should be deep enough to feel the benefit, but never so deep that it causes pain or injury. Working to the edge allows opportunity for growth, but athletes need to be smart and not over competitive. The key to incorporating yoga into a training regimen is to be efficient. Just as in a specific sport, in yoga energy, breath and intention is directed to a specified location. The athlete must be mindful of the muscles targeted in each pose. Effort and competition must remain positive, and resort away from judgment. A smart yoga practice will give the athlete the tools needed to move inward and relax. XII. Closing Yoga training offers a number of physical, emotional, and psychological benefits. A intelligent yoga practice, when coupled with sport specific training, will increase mental concentration and significantly reduce levels of stress and anxiety. Yoga can also help the athlete feel better about their body by increasing strength, flexibility, and body awareness. As an athlete becomes more in touch with their internal self, the doors of possibility begin to open rapidly. Whether an athlete decides to compete competitively or recreationally, yoga is the tool that is going to get them to the next level safely and soundly. XIII. References Athlete. (n.d.). Retrieved October 22, 2015, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/athlete Hinkle, J. S. (1994) Integrating sport psychology and sports counseling. Journal of Sport Behavior, 17, 52-60. Retrieved from http://www.athleticinsight.com/Vol7Iss1/StressAthletesNonathletes.htm. Murray, M. A. (1997). The counseling needs of college student-athletes. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 58, 2088. Retrieved from http://www.athleticinsight.com/Vol7Iss1/StressAthletesNonathletes.htm. Romo, L. (2014). Study Offers Insight Into Challenges College Athletes Face. NC State University News. Retrieved from https://news.ncsu.edu/2014/10/romo-athletes-2014/. McCall, T. (2007). Yoga for stress and burnout. The Yoga Journal. Retrieved from http://www.yogajournal.com/article/teach/yoga-for-stress-and-burnout/. Roll, R. (2012). Why Every Athlete should do you yoga. Mind Body Green. Retrieved http://www.mindbodygreen.com/0-4806/Why-Every-Athlete-Should-Do-Yoga.html. Melott, L. (2014). Why every athlete should do yoga. Elephant Journal. Retrieved from http://www.elephantjournal.com/2014/11/why-every-athlete-should-do-yoga/. Roundtree, S. (2008). The Athletes Guide to Yoga. Boulder, CO. Velo Press. Leave A Comment Leave a Reply
From Wikibooks, open books for an open world Jump to navigation Jump to search Fields of interest[edit] Computer graphics[edit] In the field of computer graphics, an anisotropic surface will change in appearance as it is rotated about its geometric normal, as is the case with velvet. Anisotropic filtering (AF) is a method of enhancing the image quality of textures on surfaces that are far away and steeply angled with respect to the point of view. Older techniques, such as bilinear and trilinear filtering don't take account of the angle a surface is viewed from, which can result in aliasing or blurring of textures. By reducing detail in one direction more than another, these effects can be reduced. A chemical anisotropic filter, as used to filter particles, is a filter with increasingly smaller interstitial spaces in the direction of filtration so that the proximal regions filter out larger particles and distal regions increasingly remove smaller pales, resulting in greater flow-through and more efficient filtration. Wood is a naturally anisotropic material. Its properties vary widely when measured with the growth grain or against it. For example, wood's strength and hardness will be different for the same sample if measured in differing orientation. Real World Imagery[edit] Cosmologists use the term to describe the uneven temperature distribution of the cosmic microwave background radiation. There is evidence for a so-called "Axis of Evil"[1] in the early Universe that is at odds with the currently favored theory of rapid expansion after the Big Bang. Cosmic anisotropy has also been seen in the alignment of galaxies' rotation axes and polarisation angles of quasars. Some materials conduct heat in a way that is isotropic, that is independent of spatial orientation around the heat source. It is more common for heat conduction to be anisotropic, which implies that detailed geometric modeling of typically diverse materials being thermally managed is required. The materials used to transfer and reject heat from the heat source in electronics are often anisotropic.[citation needed] The hydraulic conductivity of aquifers is often anisotropic for the same reason. When calculating groundwater flow to drains[2] or to wells,[3] the difference between horizontal and vertical permeability is to be taken into account otherwise the results may be subject to error. Medical acoustics[edit] Anisotropy is also a well-known property in medical ultrasound imaging describing a different resulting echogenicity of soft tissues, such as tendons, when the angle of the transducer is changed. In diffusion tensor imaging, anisotropy alterations may reflect diffusion changes of water in the brain, particularly in the white matter. Material science and engineering[edit] Anisotropic etching techniques (such as Deep reactive ion etching) are used in microfabrication processes to create well defined microscopic features with a high aspect ratio. These features are commonly used in MEMS and microfluidic devices, where the anisotropy of the features is needed to impart desired optical, electrical, or physical properties to the device. Anisotropic etching could also refer to certain chemical etchants which are etching a certain material preferentially over certain crystallographic planes (e.g., KOH etching of Silicon [100] produces pyramid-like structures) 1. 'Axis of evil' a cause for cosmic concern - space - 13 April 2007 - New Scientist Space
Every 9-14 years our sun’s magnetic fields reach a peak in activity known as the ‘Solar Maximum’. It’s the time when sun spots can be visible without telescope, and severe ‘weather’ events in space can be observed. In 2006 NASA researchers announced that the next cycle would be the most intense since the well-known solar maximum of 1958, when the Northern Lights could be seen as far south as Mexico. This next cycle is now due and is expected to peak 2011-2012. While we’re used to sudden economic turndown events such as floods, earthquakes, terrorist attacks and the like, this cyclic behavior of the sun represents to many a less well understood and acknowledged threat to global supply chains. The intense solar activity of 1958 happened when the world was still on the edge of a technical revolution. During that period the US experienced radio blackouts that effectively severed it’s connection to the rest of the world, furthermore electrical voltages in telegraphic circuits and equipment was recorded as exceeding 320 volts in Newfoundland. The Good News For more information on how Intersys® can provide effective risk management strategies get in touch with us today Information Sources:
"Shul" redirects here. For other uses, see Shul (disambiguation). Scolanova Synagogue, Trani, Italy A synagogue, also spelled synagog (pronounced /ˈsɪnəɡɒɡ/ from Greek συναγωγή, synagogē, "assembly", Hebrew: בית כנסת Bet Kenesset, "house of assembly" or בית תפילה Bet Tefila, "house of prayer", שול shul, אסנוגה esnoga or קהל kahal), is a Jewish house of prayer. Synagogues have a large hall for prayer (the main sanctuary), and may also have smaller rooms for study and sometimes a social hall and offices. Some have a separate room for Torah study, called the Beith Midrash (Sefaradi) "beis medrash (Ashkenazi)בית מדרש ("House of Study"). Synagogues are consecrated spaces used for the purpose of prayer, Torah reading, study and assembly; however a synagogue is not necessary for worship. Halakha holds that communal Jewish worship can be carried out wherever ten Jews (a minyan) assemble. Worship can also be carried out alone or with fewer than ten people assembled together. However, Halakha considers certain prayers as communal prayers and therefore they may be recited only by a minyan. The synagogue does not replace the long-since destroyed Temple in Jerusalem. Israelis use the Hebrew term Beyt Knesset (house of assembly). Jews of Ashkenazi descent have traditionally used the Yiddish term shul (cognate with the German Schule, "school") in everyday speech. Sephardi Jews and Romaniote Jews generally use the term kal (from the Hebrew Ḳahal, meaning "community"). Spanish Jews call the synagogue a sinagoga and Portuguese Jews call it an esnoga. Persian Jews and some Karaite Jews also use the non-Hebrew term kenesa, which is derived from Aramaic, and some Arab Jews use kenis. Reform and some Conservative Jews use the word temple. The Greek word synagogue is used in English (and German and French), to cover the preceding possibilities.[1] Although synagogues existed a long time before the destruction of the 2nd Temple in 70 CE, communal worship in the time while the Temple still stood centered around the korbanot ("sacrificial offerings") brought by the kohanim ("priests") in the Holy Temple. The all-day Yom Kippur service, in fact, was an event in which the congregation both observed the movements of the kohen gadol ("the high priest") as he offered the day's sacrifices and prayed for his success. During the Babylonian captivity (586–537 BCE) the Men of the Great Assembly formalized and standardized the language of the Jewish prayers. Prior to that people prayed as they saw fit, with each individual praying in his or her own way, and there were no standard prayers that were recited. Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai, one of the leaders at the end of the Second Temple era, promulgated the idea of creating individual houses of worship in whatever locale Jews found themselves. This contributed to the continuity of the Jewish people by maintaining a unique identity and a portable way of worship despite the destruction of the Temple, according to many historians. Architectural design Temple Sholom in Chicago's neighborhood of Lakeview Historically, synagogues were built in the prevailing architectural style of their time and place. Thus, the synagogue in Kaifeng, China looked very like Chinese temples of that region and era, with its outer wall and open garden in which several buildings were arranged. The styles of the earliest synagogues resembled the temples of other sects of the eastern Roman Empire. The surviving synagogues of medieval Spain are embellished with mudéjar plasterwork. The surviving medieval synagogues in Budapest and Prague are typical Gothic structures. Interior elements All synagogues contain a bimah, a raised platform where the table of the rabbi is found. The Torah Ark (Hebrew: Aron Kodesh—ארון קודש) (called the heikhal—היכל [temple] by Sephardim) is a cabinet in which the Torah scrolls are kept. The Ark is reminiscent of the Ark of the Covenant which held the tablets inscribed with the Ten Commandments. This is the holiest spot in a synagogue, equivalent to the Holy of Holies. The Ark is often closed with an ornate curtain, the parochet פרוכת, which hangs outside or inside the ark doors. A large, raised, reader's platform called the bimah (בימה) by Ashkenazim and tebah by Sephardim, where the Torah scroll is placed to be read is a feature of all synagogues. In Sephardi synagogues it is also used as the prayer leader's reading desk. Other traditional features include a continually lit lamp or lantern, usually electric in contemporary synagogues, called the ner tamid (נר תמיד), the "Eternal Light", used as a reminder of the western lamp of the menorah of the Temple in Jerusalem, which remained miraculously lit perpetually. Many have an elaborate chair named for the prophet Elijah which is only sat upon during the ceremony of Brit milah. Many synagogues have a large seven-branched candelabrum commemorating the full Menorah. Most contemporary synagogues also feature a lectern for the rabbi. Until the 19th century, in an Ashkenazi synagogue, all seats most often faced the Torah Ark. In a Sephardi synagogue, seats were usually arranged around the perimeter of the sanctuary, but when the worshipers stood up to pray, everyone faced the Ark. In Ashkenazi synagogues, the Torah was read on a reader's table located in the center of the room, while the leader of the prayer service, the hazzan, stood at his own lectern or table, facing the Ark. In Sephardic synagogues, the table for reading the Torah was commonly placed at the opposite side of the room from the Torah Ark, leaving the center of the floor empty for the use of a ceremonial procession carrying the Torah between the Ark and the reading table. Denominational differences New York's Reform Temple Emanu-El Orthodox synagogues feature a partition (mechitzah) dividing the men's and women's seating areas, or a separate women's section located on a balcony. The German Reform movement which arose in the early 19th century made many changes to the traditional look of the synagogue, keeping with its desire to simultaneously stay Jewish yet be accepted by the host culture. In following decades, the central reader's table, the Bimah, was moved to the front of the Reform sanctuary—previously unheard-of in Orthodox synagogues. The rabbi now delivered his sermon from the front, much as the Christian ministers delivered their sermons in a church. The synagogue was renamed a "temple", to emphasize that the movement no longer looked forward to the rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem. Synagogue as community centre Synagogue offshoots Another type of communal prayer group, favored by some contemporary Jews, is the Chavurah (חבורה, pl. chavurot, חבורות), or prayer fellowship. These groups meet at a regular place and time, usually in a private home. In antiquity, the Pharisees lived near each other in chavurot and dined together to ensure that none of the food was unfit for consumption.[7] Great synagogues Interior view of the New Synagogue (Berlin) During the 19th and early 20th century, it was fairly common for Jewish communities, particularly in Europe, to construct very large, showpiece synagogues. These edifices were intended not simply to accommodate worshipers, but to serve as emblems of Jewish participation in modern society. For this purpose, they were built to be not merely large, but architecturally impressive. Even small cities had elaborate synagogues of this type, albeit smaller than the synagogues of Vienna and New York. They are often designated as The Great Synagogue of..., or, in Russia, The Choral Synagogue. These notable synagogues include: World's largest synagogues Interior of the Belz Great Synagogue in Jerusalem. World's oldest synagogues The Sardis Synagogue in Manisa, Turkey. The synagogue was a section of a large bath-gymnasium complex, which was in use for 450–500 years. Oldest synagogues in the United States The Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue (1636), located in Recife on the site of the oldest synagogue in the Americas. Other famous synagogues See also 1. Judaism 101: Synagogues, Shuls and Temples. 2. 1 2 Second Temple Synagogues 3. 1 2, Egypt 4., Israel's Oldest Synagogue 6. Rabbi Ken Spiro., "Crash Course in Jewish History Part 54 - Reform Movement" 8. 1340 seats, the synagogue is 48 meters long, 35 meters wide, and 48.6 meters high. 9. Jewish Professionals Institute (JPI) - Holocaust Thesis Chapter 7 10. Snyder, S.C. (2008). Acculturation and Particularism in the Modern City: Synagogue Building and Jewish Identity in Northern Europe. University of Michigan. University of Michigan. ISBN 9780549818977. Retrieved 2014-12-07. 11. The Heart of Israel's Reform Judaism 12. Delos 13. Jericho 16. "Congregation Or HaTzafon". Retrieved 2014-12-07. 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Hillary Clinton Seeks to End Minimum Wage Loophole for Disabled Hillary Clinton is on a mission to propose something no major presidential candidate has done before which is pay all disabled workers the minimum wage or more. She is addressing the federal minimum wage loophole, Section 14 ( c ), that allows employers to gain an exemption from paying disabled workers minimum wage. Some Americans are not aware of the loophole while others have been fighting it for years. This federal loophole has left disabled workers in poverty for decades and it's time it stops. There has to be a resolution that allows people with disabilities to earn minimum wage. Currently, employers with special Section 14 ( c ) certificates are able to underpay disabled workers. The Section 14 ( c ) is responsible for underpaying 228,600 disabled workers at about 2,820 companies across the United States. The origins of Section 14 ( c ) disabled worker exemption dates back to the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act, which established the first federal minimum wage. Originally the Fair Labor Standards Act included provisions allowing employers to pay below minimum wage to disabled workers with a disability that could impact their employment prospects. At the time, there was a minimum set at the regular minimum wage. An amendment made to Section 14 ( c ) in 1986 eliminated the minimum wage for applicable workers completely. This allows employers to pay disabled workers whatever they choose as long as it falls under one of two categories. The first payment category is piece rates. This allows the employer to pay a disabled worker for the amount of completed units of a product. The second payment option is time studies. Under the time studies, options employers are able to time a disabled worker for the length it takes them to complete tasks related to their job duties. Section 14 ( c ) was primarily designed for employers who provided production line and manufacturing jobs for the disabled. Today, most of the employers who have a 14 ( c ) certificate are nonprofit organizations who exclusively hire people with disabilities. These organizations usually receive funding through Medicaid agencies that allow them to provide employment to workers. Clinton’s notable remarks regarding sub-minimum wage show she is taking a bold position regarding the topic. Clinton is also meeting with advocates to gain momentum in this fight to end the federal loophole. There are positive signs the tide is turning as advocates gain ground. There have been numerous provider associations coming to the table to discuss the situation and begin working on constructively phasing out workshops and sub-minimum wage. Hillary Clinton has been the first presidential candidate to specifically address phasing out sub-minimum wage for workers with disabilities. However, John Kasich has also mentioned moving away from workshops while on the campaign trail. Clinton seems determined to continue pressing this issue until a resolution is found in favor of the disabled worker. All Presidential candidates should be addressing this human rights issue. Hopefully, Clinton will find a successful resolution even if it means working on it beyond the campaign trail. ← Back to News
World Cancer Day 2019: Common Myths And Misconception About Cancer World Cancer Day 2019: Common Myths And Misconception About Cancer Cancer is the deadliest disease in the human era. World Cancer Day is celebrated every year to spread awareness about the symptoms and treatment of this disease. Cancer is a disease in which somebody cells divide rapidly without any control. This abnormal behavior of the growth and dividend of some body cells is called cancer. There are a number of known and unknown reasons which causes Cancer. One possible reason is genetics, however, the other reasons are not exactly known by anyone. There are many studies on cancer which have different readings and interpretations. Hence, we still have to wait for getting the exact treatment and reason of this abnormality. However, there are some common myths and misconceptions related to cancer. World cancer day is meant for spreading awareness about this cell abnormality. Hence, you should also be aware of the common myths and misconceptions that are usually related to cancer. We have listed down the most common myths and misconceptions of cancer. This guide will help you a lot in the long run. Cancer: Myths and Misconceptions Is cancer a death sentence? Back in the 1990s or early 2000, cancer was almost untreatable and most people died out of this untreatable disease. However, the death rate has gone down severely on account of the new methodology and approach to the treatment of cancer. Most people think that cancer is a death sentence and it cannot be treated at all. But this is a complete might and misconception. Cancer can be treated depending upon many situations. Recent survey reports show that death by cancer is going down day by day. Is consuming sugar harmful for Cancer patients? No, there has been no proof that consuming sugar can worsen the situation of a cancer patient. However, some initial research reports show that consuming more glucose can activate the cancer cells more vigorously. But most of these resources have got rejected by the central authorities. Hence, it is presumed that consume in sugar is not at all harmful for cancer patients as of now. However, you should refrain from a high sugar diet. Normal consumption will have least or almost no effect. Is cancer contagious? This is the most common misconception that the people in society help. Cancer is not at all contagious. Hence, cancer cannot spread by touch or any such means. Spreading awareness about this misconception has been the major motive of the world cancer day. Generally, people try to avoid those friends who have cancer. They think that if they are near them, they will also conceive it. However, this is completely false thinking because cancer has been certified as a non-contagious disease by the central authority. Can cancer surgery cause the spread of these cells in other body parts? Earlier, there have been many instances when the Cancer surgery or tumour biopsy has spread the cancer cells to the other parts of the body. This worsens the situation because it is further spread to other body organs. However, the risk of Cancer spreading because of such surgery has gone down considerably. This is because surgeons use the latest technology and tools for doing these surgeries. Hence, you should not be afraid because of this reason. Do cell phones cause cancer? This particular thing has got viral over the past few years. Many news agencies and social media platforms had been spreading rumours that cell phone causes Cancer. However, this is completely false because no research has ever found that the low frequency used by the cell phones can cause gene mutation. Moreover, the official website of the government, for cancer awareness has mentioned that cancer has no relation to The frequencies of cell phones. Spread the love You might like Trey Warsame About the Author: Trey Warsame
Columbus, OH, 02:00 PM ABC6: Brain Health & Concussions What Is Happening to the Brain During a Concussion We are hearing more about the impact concussions are having around the country, particularly in sports. The big questions still out there surround what is really happening inside the brain, and what can be done to slow them down. Of course, the biggest questions is how many concussions will cause permanent disabilities. It's something neurologists around the county are watching closely. Not only in the patients they are seeing daily, but in the research happening around the globe. "The old days it was kinda like shake it off, your bell's rung, get back in there. Now the players get educated, the coaches get educated, trainers, even the referees, so that if somebody is in field play and it appears they have suffered a concussion they are taken out immediately and they don't return to play," OhioHealth Neurologist Geoff Eubank told ABC6. Dr. Eubank says technology has come a long way in equipment, but most of all taking it seriously after signs of problems has really taken hold. "You need people to do normal non-exertion activities, lay low, don't have a lot of stimuli but after a couple, two to three days especially if symptoms subside, you need to kinda like get back to some normal but not aggressive activities," he told ABC6. Signs of a concussion could include mood swings or memory loss. Other times it could show up in smaller doses like lingering headaches. As for what is really happening inside the brain, Dr. Eubank says it can happen from the first hit to the last. "At the microscopic level, every time that brain is jostled, some of those nerve cells get twisted and they form proteins that exist within the cell that probably end up being toxic to that cell,” said Dr. Eubank. To see stories on CTE from ABC6, this past fall, click here or here. To learn more about neuroscience at OhioHealth, click here.
College papers help Evaluate the effectiveness of the progressive era reformers essay Personal use only; commercial use is strictly prohibited for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice. Political corruption seemed endemic at all levels of government. Despite this lack of agreement, all so-called Progressive reformers were modernizers. All Progressivisms were seeking a via media, a middle way between relying on older ideas of 19th-century liberal capitalism and the more radical proposals to reform society through either social evaluate the effectiveness of the progressive era reformers essay or socialism. Political corruption, economic exploitation, mass migration and urbanization, rapid technological advancements, and social unrest challenged the rhetoric of the United States as a just and equal society. Progressives did not seek to overturn capitalism. They wanted to replace an individualistic, competitive society with a more cooperative, democratic one. They sought to bring a measure of social justice for all people, to eliminate political corruption, and to rebalance the relationship among evaluate the effectiveness of the progressive era reformers essay, labor, and consumers by introducing economic regulation. Social Justice Progressivism Social justice Progressives wanted an activist state whose first priority was to provide for the common welfare. Several basic premises that currently structured the country had to be rethought, and social justice Progressivism was promoted largely by women who lacked official political power. Legal Precedent or Social Realism The existing legal system protected the rights of business and property over labor. In 1895, the Supreme Court in Ritchie v. The Court confined the police power of the state to protecting immediate health and safety, not groups of people in industries. The Brandeis brief to the Supreme Court in 1908, in Muller v. When the Court agreed, social justice Progressives hoped this would be the opening wedge to extend new rights to labor. Oregon ruling had a narrow gender basis. It declared that the state had an interest in protecting the reproductive capacities of women. Social justice Progressives lobbied municipal governments to enact new ordinances to ameliorate existing urban conditions of poverty, disease, and inequality. They argued that no society could progress if it allowed child labor. Julia Lathrop first headed the bureau, which was thenceforth dominated by women. The Supreme Court 1918 ruled the law unconstitutional because it violated state powers to regulate conditions of labor. A constitutional amendment banning child labor 1922 was attacked by manufacturers and conservative organizations protesting that it would give government power over children. Only four states ratified the amendment. The American Medical Association opposed the bill as a violation of its expertise. Businessmen and political leaders protested that the federal government should not interfere in health care and objected that it would raise taxes. These venues intended to bring people together to learn about one another and their needs, to provide assistance for those needing help, and to lobby their governments to provide social goods to people. This was not reform from the bottom; middle-class women almost always led these venues. Most of these efforts were also racially exclusive, but African American women established venues of their own. Hope urged women to investigate the problems of their neighborhoods and bring their issues to the municipal government. Despite these participatory venues, much literature on such movements emphasizes male initiatives and fails to appreciate gender differences. They helped write national anti-child labor legislation, minimum wage and maximum hour laws, aid to dependent children, and elements of the Social Security Act. Such legislation at least partially fulfilled the social justice Progressive agenda that activist government provide social goods to protect daily life against the evaluate the effectiveness of the progressive era reformers essay of the capitalist marketplace. Political Progressivism Political Progressivism was a structural-instrumental approach to reform the mechanisms and exercise of politics to break the hold of political parties. The plan advocated state-level reforms to electoral procedures. A key proposal of the Wisconsin Idea was to replace the existing party control of all nominations with a popular direct primary. Wisconsin became the first state to require the direct primary. The plan also proposed giving voters the power to initiate legislation, hold referenda on proposed legislation, and recall elected officials. Wisconsin voters adopted these proposals by 1911, 17 although Oregon was the first state to adopt the initiative and referendum, in 1902. They attended national conferences such as the National Conference on City Planning, discussing topics of concern to political Progressives. The National Municipal League formulated a model charter to reorganize municipal government predicated on home rule and argued that its proposals would provide good tools for democracy. Bemis into his administration. They failed in Chicago. A new breed of politicians who appealed to interest group politics gained control rather than rule by experts. When corporate interests challenged antipollution ordinances and increased government regulation as causing undue hardship for manufacturers, political Progressives countered with economic answers. Pollution was an economic problem: Des Moines 1915 ruled that there were no valid constitutional objections to state power to regulate pollution. The Pittsburgh Ladies Health Protective Association argued that smoke pollution was a general health hazard. They demanded immediate strict antismoke ordinances and inspectors to vigorously inspect and enforce the ordinances. The league urged all city residents to monitor pollution in their neighborhoods. For political Progressives, good government also meant using professional expertise to plan city growth and reorder the urban built environment. They abandoned an earlier City Beautiful movement that focused on cultural and aesthetic beautification in favor of systematic planning by architects, engineers, and city planners to secure the economic development desired by business. They proposed new street configurations to facilitate the movement of goods and people. • Women set up pure milk stations to prevent infant diarrhea and organized infant welfare societies; • The league urged all city residents to monitor pollution in their neighborhoods; • Their power lied mainly on the state level; • Next Is this essay good? She stressed that no plan was good if it emphasized only economy. Simkhovitch and Florence Kelley organized the first National Conference on City Planning 1909 around the theme of planning for social needs. Simkhovitch was the only woman to address the gathering. Evaluate the effectiveness of the progressive era reformers essay All the male speakers emphasized planning for economic development. As architects, lawyers, and engineers, and new professional planners such as John Nolen and George Ford dominated the planning conferences, Simkhovitch and Kelley withdrew. Howe believed that democracy was a political mechanism evaluate the effectiveness of the progressive era reformers essay, if properly ordered and led by experts, would restore the city to the people. The key to achieving good government and democracy was municipal home rule. Once freed from state interference, his theoretical city republic would decide in the best interests of its residents, making city life orderly and thereby more democratic. There people would apply democracy collectively and create an orderly society. Women and their ideas were consistently pushed to the margins of political Progressivism. Adams, among others, filled the role of social science expert. Social scientists founded new disciplinary organizations, such as the American Economics Association. Commons, University of Chicago sociology professor Charles R. Andrews were prominent members. John Dewey promulgated new theories of democracy and education. Their expertise laid the foundation for the profession of social work. She was kept on at the university, but by 1920 the sociology department directed social sciences away from seeking practical solutions to everyday life that had linked scholarly inquiry with social responsibility.
How Much Water Should You Drink Every Day? (Backed by Science) Water is essential for life. Without water, humans can only survive for a few days. 75% of the total body weight in infants to 55% in elderly comprises of water. All the chemical reactions that are essential for maintaining human life take place in the body’s water. However, we always tend to forget about the most essential component of the body and the diet, which is ‘water’. How much body water we lose per day and how? At rest, the body loses water in the following forms: Sweat: Sweating is the body’s natural cooling system. A large source of water loss in the human body is through sweating. In simple words, the more you work out or the more physically active you are, the more water you lose. Hence, the requirement of water in such individuals is higher. Approximately 5% of water from the body is lost through sweat. On an average, water lost through sweat can be 450 mL/day, but during physical activity in hot climate 3 liters loss per hour is also possible. Urine: A healthy human loses around 60% of the water via urine. The urine output generally ranges 1000-2000 mL/day, but it can be altered by heat strain and exercise. If your water intake is high, your kidneys will produce more urine, but if your water intake is less, small amounts of concentrated urine are produced by the kidneys. Less water intake or severe dehydration can damage the kidneys. Therefore, it is important to stay hydrated. Water Lost through UrineThe color of the urine is an indicator of hydration. Colorless or light-yellow urine indicates hydration, whereas dark yellow urine is a sign of dehydration. Feces: 5-7% water from the body is lost via feces. The gastrointestinal and fecal water output accounts for 100-300 mL/day. Body loses water through feces Water is important for a healthy digestion and to prevent constipation. If you drink less water, your large intestine will absorb water from your food waste, thus leading to constipation. Lungs: Hydration is the key to the healthy respiratory system. The body loses 15-16% water from the lungs. In other words, respiratory water loss averages 250-350 mL/day in sedentary adults and 600 mL/day in individuals who are physically active. Body loses water through lungs. While breathing, the water evaporates from the respiratory tract, hence it is also known as insensible water loss because we are unaware of it. Summary: The total water loss is estimated to be approximately 1500-3100 mL/day for adults in temperate climates, says research. (1, 2, 3, 4) Sweating450 mL/day Urine1000-2000 mL/day Feces100-300 mL/day Lungs250-350 mL/day Why Should We Drink Water? Drinking water is important to restore the required water level in the body and compensating the lost water. It also has other benefits, as below: Improves Brain Function Staying hydrated or dehydrated can influence the brain function. Studies state that mild levels of dehydration can produce disruptions in mood and cognitive functioning. Mild dehydration can alter the level of concentration, alertness and short-term memory in all age groups. It can further increase the feelings of fatigue and anxiety, which can interfere with a person’s ability to perform cognitive tasks. Not drinking adequate water increases sleepiness and confusion. This may result in poor cognitive performance and lack of interest in performing normal daily activities. (5, 6) Prevents Headache Water-deprivation headache is common in which, pain arises from the meninges. Meninges are the protective tissues that cover the brain and the spinal cord. This indicates that such a headache also involves the brain and impairs cognition and increases irritability. Because dehydration triggers headache, increased water intake could help, reports a study. Water intake reduces fatigue, increases alertness and makes a person feel fresh, which can help in relieving headache. (7, 8) Relieves Constipation Mild dehydration is a risk factor for constipation. A decrease in the water content increases the viscosity of the stools, thus making it difficult to pass. It further increases the colonic transit time and causes long duration contractions. Adequate water intake is recommended for constipated children, adults and elderly. Water intake softens the stools, reduces the colonic transit time and helps in the easy passage of stools without adding any stress on the digestive tract. (9) Improves Physical Performance Dehydration impairs an individual’s physical performance. A decrease in the body water level provokes changes in the cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, metabolic and central nervous system function. It increases fatigue and impacts a person’s ability to perform work negatively. Dehydration in athletes or sportspersons can hamper their performance. It reduces motivation, increases perceived efforts, decreases blood pressure and blood flow to the muscles. Therefore, athletes must drink plenty of water before and after their performance to replenish the lost water stores. (10) Boosts Kidney Function Drinking less water makes the urine concentrated, alters its colour and increases its odour. This increases the risk of developing kidney stones. By drinking adequate water, you can prevent the onset of kidney stones. Kidneys require water for the removal of waste products from the body through urine and feces. If the body water levels drop, a load of toxic substances on the kidneys increase. This can damage the kidneys and alter its functioning too. Studies have found that inadequate water intake can increase the risk of kidney injury from pesticides, heavy metals, agrochemicals and other potential exposures. Hence, it is important to drink plenty of water in order to prevent the kidneys against damage. (11) Enhances Skin Health Water benefits to improve skin health Studies have noted a positive association between water intake and better skin performance. Water is the most effective and inexpensive way to boost skin health. Water deficiency is associated with several dermatological dysfunctions. Furthermore, research has found that dietary water intake affects the skin in the same way as a topical moisturizer. It improves the elasticity of the skin and makes it soft and supple. Dietary water intake also moisturizes the skin and prevents dry and rough skin. It improves the skin health and boosts the supply of nutrient and oxygen-rich blood towards the skin. Keeping the skin well hydrated makes the skin look younger and healthier. Besides this, drinking water helps in flushing out the toxins and other harmful compounds and thus gives the skin a clear look. (12) How Much Water Should You Drink Every Day? How much water should you drink per day It is often said that 8-10 glasses of water are required for a healthy body, but this is not true for everyone. The amount of water required depends upon the following factors: Climate: – During summer season your body temperature increases, and you sweat more, hence, your body requires more water. Age: – Older persons are less thirsty and they drink less fluids as compared to younger ones. This is because older persons have diminished thirst sensation, which leads to reduced water consumption. Physical activity: – People who are more physically active require more water. Athletes or sportsperson sweat more, which helps the body to cool down. Hence, their requirement for water increases. Medical condition: – If you are dehydrated due to diarrhea and vomiting, your body needs more water. But in case of heart failure or kidney diseases, you may need to restrict your water intake. Your physician will adjust your fluid intake as per your medical condition. Hence, the total water intake for adult sedentary females and males is between 2000mL – 3000mL. (13) When should you drink water? When should you drink water • It is important to drink water all throughout the day for your body to function properly. • Drink 1-2 glasses of water on waking up. This helps to rehydrate and refresh your body, flush out the toxins and relieve constipation. • Some studies report that drinking water 30 minutes before eating your meal may make you feel full and aid in weight loss. • Avoid drinking a lot of water before going to bed. This may lead to frequent urination at mid-night and sleep disturbances. Don’t drink more than one cup of water before going to bed. • Before workout: Drink water before an exercise to guard against heat stroke and dehydration. Dietary water intake also improves physical performance and ability to concentrate on the task. • Post workout: After a workout or exercise session it is important to drink plenty of water to replenish the lost fluids through sweat or urine. The amount of water you need to drink depends upon the climatic conditions and the duration of exercise. Don’t drink cold water after physical workout. Lukewarm or normal water should be fine and recommended. • Drink water sip by sip and slowly. Don’t be in hurry to drink water quickly. • Do not drink water between the meal. Downing glasses of water along with the meal can interfere with the digestion of food and cause stomach cramps and indigestion. It can dilute the digestive juices and hinder the breakdown of food. (14) Why should we not drink cold water? Why should we not drink cold water • Drinking cold water has a deleterious effect on the heart rate or cardiac rhythm, especially in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Studies report that ice water ingestion can decrease heart rate. It stimulates the vagus nerve and reduces the heart rate. • An old study observed that drinking cold water is associated with upper respiratory tract viral infections. It causes nasal congestion, sore throat and overproduction of mucus. It also disturbs the body’s balance of hot and cold. • Another interesting study observed that cold water is devoid of many essential minerals that could become unfavorable to the digestive tract. These minerals are essential for keeping the digestive tract healthy. Drinking cold water along or after a meal can harden the oil in the foods consumed and create a fat deposit in the intestine. Replacing a glass of cold water with a glass of warm water improves the digestion of food and improves bowel movements too. (15, 16) Edited By: Dr. Jagdev Singh Recommended Readings
You are here: Home » PTI Stories » National » News Business Standard Picture was clear, but black hole's name a little fuzzy AP \| Washington The newly pictured supermassive is a beast with no name, at least not an official one. And what happens next could be cosmically confusing. The team of astronomers who created the image of the called it M87(asterisk). (The asterisk is silent.) A has given it a name from a Hawaiian chant Powehi meaning "the adorned fathomless dark creation." And the international group in charge of handing out astronomical names? It has never named a The last time there was a similar situation, poor Pluto somehow got demoted to a dwarf planet, leading to public outcry, said Jay Pasachoff, a star-naming committee member. Technically, our own galaxy the Milky Way has never been officially named by the IAU, said Rick Fienberg, an and press officer for the He said, "that's just a term that came down through history." When it comes to the black hole we saw this week , University of Hawaii-Hilo stepped up even before the photo was unveiled. Powehi (pronounced poh-veh-hee) is the black hole's Hawaiian name, not its official name, explained Jessica Dempsey, who helped capture the black hole image as Clerk Maxwell Telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii's tallest mountain. Gov. proclaimed April 10 as Powehi day, she said. "This isn't astronomers naming this," she said. When asked about Kimura's idea, IAU naming committee member Pasachoff said: "That's the first I heard of it." Eric Mamajek, of the IAU working group on star names, called it a "wonderful, thoughtful name." "This is exactly the Pluto situation," Pasachoff said. In 2006, astronomers at the IAU were discussing naming a large object in our solar system that eventually got called It wasn't considered a planet, so it wasn't the job of the planet committee. But some experts pointed out that it was bigger than Pluto, which added some confusion. First Published: Sat, April 13 2019. 03:10 IST
Home / Nurses / PQRST Pain Assessment Method PQRST Pain Assessment Method PQRST Pain Assessment MethodSince pain is subjective, self-report is considered the Gold Standard and most accurate measure of pain. The PQRST method of assessing pain is a valuable tool to accurately describe, assess and document a patient’s pain. The method also aids in the selection of appropriate pain medication and evaluating the response to treatment. Nurses can help patients more accurately report their pain by using these very specific PQRST assessment questions: P = Provocation/Palliation What were you doing when the pain started? What caused it? What makes it better or worse? What seems to trigger it? Stress? Position? Certain activities? What relieves it? Medications, massage, heat/cold, changing position, being active, resting? What aggravates it? Movement, bending, lying down, walking, standing? Q = Quality/Quantity What does it feel like? Use words to describe the pain such as sharp, dull, stabbing, burning, crushing, throbbing, nauseating, shooting, twisting or stretching. R = Region/Radiation Where is the pain located? Does the pain radiate? Where? Does it feel like it travels/moves around? Did it start elsewhere and is now localized to one spot? S = Severity Scale How severe is the pain on a scale of 0 to 10, with zero being no pain and 10 being the worst pain ever? Does it interfere with activities? How bad is it at its worst? Does it force you to sit down, lie down, slow down? How long does an episode last? T = Timing When/at what time did the pain start? How long did it last? How often does it occur: hourly? daily? weekly? monthly? Is it sudden or gradual? What were you doing when you first experienced it? When do you usually experience it: daytime? night? early morning? Are you ever awakened by it? Does it lead to anything else? Is it accompanied by other signs and symptoms? Does it ever occur before, during or after meals? Does it occur seasonally? In addition to facilitating accurate pain assessment, careful and complete documentation demonstrates that you are taking all the proper steps to ensure that your patients receive the highest quality pain management. It is important to document the following: • Patient’s understanding of the pain scale. Describe the patient’s ability to assess pain level using the 0-10 pain scale. • Patient satisfaction with pain level with current treatment modality. Ask the patient what his or her pain level was prior to taking pain medication and after taking pain medication. If the patient’s pain level is not acceptable, what interventions were taken? • Timely re-assessment following any intervention and response to treatment. Quote the patient’s response. • Communication with the physician. Always report any change in condition. • Patient education provided and the patient’s response to learning. Don’t write “patient understands” without a supportive evaluation such as patient can verbalize, demonstrate, describe, etc.
Readers' letters - July 20 A correspondent warns of swimming in open water A correspondent warns of swimming in open water Help save young people’s lives this hot summer With the start of the school summer holidays and the continuing warm weather, I am writing to request your readers’ help in saving young peoples’ lives. Over the last six weeks, there have been a number of tragic drownings in quarry lakes, reservoirs, canals and other, similar man-made bodies of open water. All too often, these tragedies occur when people are engaged in what they perceive as harmless fun, either cooling off in the water or playing near the water’s edge. Man-made water bodies like quarry lakes and reservoirs can be extremely deep, have sudden changes in water depth, be difficult to exit and conceal a range of hazards such as entangling weeds. Quarry faces and edges can be unstable and suddenly give way, resulting in falls into water. The water can also be extremely cold. At 15C and below, the body can experience cold water shock when immersed in water, this results in a sudden, involuntary inhalation of water into the lungs which can be deadly. The cold water can also cause even strong swimmers to tire quickly. Statistics show that nearly half of accidental drownings occur following an unexpected fall into water. Cold water shock is a significant factor. The RNLI is recommending that someone plunged into water initially floats on their back, allowing their body to acclimatise to the cold water and providing time to calm down before attempting to exit the water. The Mineral Products Association (MPA) is supporting the water safety campaigns being run by the RNLI and other organisations such as the RLSS and the Fire and Rescue Services’ Be Water Aware campaign. We do not want to discourage members of the public from enjoying the water but would like people to be choose to swim in areas that are safe. Visit www. Elizabeth Clements Mineral Products Association Neighbours trade with each other I have heard it asked why Canada, Australia and New Zealand manage so well outside the EU. Well, it is because they are members of respective regional trade agreements. Countries do most trade with near neighbours. It’s only natural, and saves a lot on freight: just like we are members of the EU, permitting frictionless trade and benefits for all members. Those same countries also have negotiated arrangements with the EU, though not in a customs union. In fact, the EU has agreements with 60 non-member countries, which is why the UK already trades with every significant country in the world. One has to feel sorry for Canada right now as Donald Trump’s ‘America First’ policy is slapping tariffs on their exports. Brexiteers would have us leave the EU for more dependency on the US. Not me, thank you very much. That is another very good reason for remaining in the EU. Stop Brexit! Ken Cooke Address supplied All mouth and no trousers It appears that President Trump’s visit to Europe has overwhelmingly proved that he’s ‘all mouth and trousers’. He seems quite happy to make caustic and critical comments about others – Theresa May and European leaders – via Twitter or the media behind their backs. Yet, when actually confronting them face to face, he backs down and ends up being mealy-mouthed and conciliatory. Frankly, if I were an American citizen, I’d be thoroughly ashamed of both the man and the extensive damage he is doing to their country and reputation. Then again, if one is stupid enough to vote in a glorified builder and developer with no experience of diplomacy and respect, what do you expect?! Karl Sheridan via email A few phone calls would have done What was the cost of President Donald Trump’s visit to the UK? I suspect we will never be told. Instead, a few phone calls would have achieved the same result. Eddie Peart via email A wonderful example Divers in Thailand have rescued all 12 boys and their football coach from a flooded cave after they were trapped underground for 17 days. I believe the brave divers, one of whom lost his life, should receive the highest civilian medal award for extreme courage under the most difficult of circumstances. The world is still inhabited by brave and self-sacrificing people. A wonderful example to all of us. Philip Taylor Address supplied
How much do you really know about your immune system? Good health starts with a healthy immune system, but how much do you really know about your immune system? Let’s start with the basics, what is your immune system and what does it do? Your immune system is your body's defence against infection and illness. It recognises the cells that make up your body, and will try to get rid of anything unfamiliar. It destroys germs (bacteria and viruses) and parasites. These biological structures protect against disease, help co-ordinate wound healing process, cellular/tissue turnover, repair, and (re)building. How does your immune system work? There are two different types of immunity – innate and adaptive (see diagram). Your immune system uses a huge army of “defender cells” which are different types of immune cells. The cells are made in your bone borrow and you make about 1000 million of them every day. Some of these cells, called macrophages, constantly patrol your body, destroying germs as soon as they enter. This is your innate immunity. If an infection begins to take hold, your body fights back with an even more powerful defense of T and B-cells which give you acquired immunity, so that the same germ can never make you as ill again. This is your adaptive immunity. So why is your immune system important? It should be fairly obvious by now that a healthy immune system leads to good health. Your immune system helps you to: Provide defense against infection & illness Distinguish between own healthy cells and invading pathogens or agents Heal wounds Support an active lifestyle Build up resilience to stressful environments Support overall health and wellbeing How do you take care of your immune system? Common-sense practices such as getting enough sleep, eating healthy foods, exercising, and reducing stress all appear to play some role in immune system function. Supplements are also an option, but if have medical conditions and are on medications, you should consult your doctor before consuming. Labels: , , , , , , ,
“The veil of the Temple was torn”-Matt 27.51-Part 2 There were six veils, or curtains, in the Temple. There was one at the entrance to the Ulam, or porch, that had the “panorama of the heavens” on it. This was the veil that was torn. There was another at the doorway to the Holy Place. There were two at the entrance to the Kodesh ha Kodeshim (Holy of Holies), or “Devir” (which means “the Word”), and two more that corresponded to those on the ground floor in the attic, or loft, of the Temple. This is where Joash was hidden for six years in 2 Kings 11. The priests go into the Heichal (Holy Place) daily because the Menorah, the Shulchan ha Pannim (table of the bread of the faces) and the Mizbeach shell Zahav (Golden Incense Altar) was in that room. But, only one time a year could the High Priest enter into the Kodesh ha Kodeshim (the Holy of Holies, also called the “Devir.” Let’s say you are in the attic, or loft. There are different jobs that they would do up there. However, if you are in the attic you are not allowed to go into the area directly over the Holy of Holies. So, there were two veils separating the areas that corresponded to the Holy Place and Holy of Holies in the attic. Now, every seven years, the Holy of Holies was cleaned. There were holes in the floor in the attic area directly over the Holy of Holies. Priests were lowered through these holes in a three sided box to clean the walls. The two veils into the Holy of Holies had Cherubim on them, and they did not go across all the way across the width of the Holy of Holies, which was 20 cubits wide. The veils were 19 cubits wide. When you walked into the Holy Place and saw the curtains, there was a one cubit opening on the left that you would walk through, in between the curtains. Then you would come to the other one cubit opening on your left, turn and walk through it into the Holy of Holies. What does the tearing of the veil mean? Some say this tearing “destroyed the barrier” between God and man at the Holy of Holies. However, we don’t have any more access to the Holy of Holies than we had before if there was a Temple. The book of Hebrews tells us that Yeshua is a High Priest in the Heavenly Temple according to the order of Melchi-Zedek, and not according to the earthly Temple and Aaronic priesthood, which God promised Aaron and his family eternally. This is a very important concept, in Ezekiel’s Temple there will be no High Priest. If you read about this Temple in Ezekiel chapters 40-48 you won’t find one. What you have is the “prince” or “nasi” performing the duties of High Priest. This “prince” or “nasi” is understood as the Messiah. However, this first meaning of the tearing of veil cannot be the meaning. It is not saying the veil was torn to give us access into the Holy of Holies because it is the wrong veil, and there were two at the entrance of the Holy of Holies, not a single veil. And as we have seen, you could enter into the Holy of Holies anyway, because these veils had an opening on the ends to walk through. If you notice at Yeshua’s immersion, the “heavens” were torn in Mark 1.10. This was at the beginning of his ministry. The veil that was called “the heavens” at the entrance to the porch of the sanctuary was torn at his death (Mark 15.38), at the end of his ministry. The same word “schizo” is used in both passages. In other words, we have the veil at the porch (the Ulam) that was torn. The veil to the Holy Place was already open during the day, but the veil that was not open was the veil to the Sanctuary building, at the porch. When this was torn, with the veil to the Holy Place already open, you could see right into the Holy Place. You could see the Menorah, the Shulcahn ha Pannim and the Mizbeach shell Zahav. There were panels on the walls inscribed with the various “mysteries” of the Lord. So, that needs to be taken into account. The meaning is this. We can’t go into the Holy Place, but we can “see” things we never saw before. This was saying that the deeper things of God will now be understood, it is “open” to those who want to see. In 2 Chr 26.16-23 we have the account of King Uzziah entering the Holy Place to burn incense, and how he was truck be leprosy. He had to live in a separate house the rest of his life. In Amos 1.1 we read a prophecy of Uzziah, two years before “the earthquake.” Remember, the veil was torn at an earthquake in Matt 27.51. Zech 14.4-5 also talks about an earthquake, like the one in the time of Uzziah. Then the Lord comes with his “holy ones.” In Deut 33.2 it talks about the coming of the Messiah from Mount Sinai with a “fiery law” (Torah) with his holy ones. Hab 3.3-13 says the same thing, and how the Lord will come from Teman and his radiance is like the sun. These verses talk about his coming with an upheaval. In Josephus, Antiquities 9.10.4, it talks about how Uzziah went into the Holy Place to burn incense, and there was an earthquake. The Temple building was torn and the wall cracked, letting the sun shine in on Uzziah’s face, and he was struck with leprosy. In the first century, the Jewish people were looking for the redemption. There was a question at his crucifixion that if he was the Messiah, let Elijah come and take him down from the cross. We have read where there will be an earthquake when the Messiah comes, bringing the redemption, like in the days of Uzziah and the Temple was “torn.” So, Yeshua dies and there was an earthquake, and the veil that could be seen by the people was torn from top to bottom. What were they thinking? Some of them were shaken. The reality that the redemption had come was sinking in, but nothing happened for three days. Then Yeshua was resurrected. In 70 AD the Temple was destroyed, and it was destroyed on a Sabbath. The Psalm that was to be read that day was Psalm 92, but they didn’t read that one. They read the Psalm for Tuesday instead. Why did they do that? In 1967, it was a Tuesday when they took the Temple Mount. It connected this event with the events in 70 AD. In the same way, we have a closing “part” of the redemption in the first century, and then it will pick up where it left off. The tearing of the veil showed that the “deeper things of God” will now be seen and understood. During the three pilgrim festivals, these veils may have been opened to the Holy of Holies for the people to see into the Holy of Holies (Aryeh Kaplan “Anthologies; Talmud Yoma 54a; Tosefot Yeshenim). A “doorman” in the house of God” is one who can “open up” the deep things of God for the people (Psa 84.10). Sources used in this study include: The Talmud Josephus Antiquities, Book 9 Josephus “Wars”, Book 5 Hertz Siddur Study series on “Tearing the Veil” from Hatikva Ministries Tosefot Yeshenim Anthology, Aryeh Kaplan, p 91 Personal study notes Leave a Reply
SI Base Units Second (s) Quantity: Time Unit: Second (s) Definition: The second is the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom. Meter (m) Quantity: Length Unit: Μeter (m) Definition: The meter is the length of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second. The definition of meter is directly linked to the definition of the unit of time and determines exactly the value of the speed of light in vacuum, c=299 792 458 m/s. The realization of the unit of length is achieved by frequency stabilized lasers and interferential methods which are used for the calibration of gauge blocks. Kilogram (kg) Quantity: Mass Unit: Kilogram (kg) Definition: The kilogram is the unit of mass; it is equal to the mass of the international prototype of the kilogram. Note: This international prototype is manufactured from platinum and iridium and is kept in the international office of weights and measures, (BIPM), Paris, France. The international kilogram prototype was manufactured in 1889, and is still used until today as the ultimate reference standard. All efforts of metrologists for a new definition of the kg based on a natural constant are giving less precise results until now. International institutions of metrology have their copies, which are named “national prototypes”. Each one of them is compared regularly with his international equivalent. Nevertheless, the various national prototypes present more and more divergence. Consequently, scientists search intensively for a method by which the unit of mass can also be based on one fundamental constant. Ampere (A) Quantity: Electric current Unit: ampere (A) Definition: The ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1 meter apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2·10-7 Newton per meter of length. It is very difficult to realize the ampere unit with high precision in the laboratory. For this reason metrology laboratories around the world instead of realizing αmpere they realize the unit of electric potential (V) and electrical resistance (Ω). kelvin (K) Quantity: Thermodynamic temperature Unit: kelvin (K) Definition: The kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature, is the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. The triple point of water is the unique temperature at which the three phases of water (water vapour, liquid water and ice) coexist at equilibrium. The relation between degrees Celsius and degrees kelvin is: t/°C = T/K-273.15. Thus, it follows from the definition of kelvin that the temperature of the triple point of water is 273.16 K or 0.01 °C exactly. Candela (cd) Quantity: Luminous intensity. Unit: Candela (cd). Definition: The candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540·1012 Hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 Watt per steradian. Mole (mol) Quantity: Amount of substance. Unit: Mole (mol). Definition: The mole is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon 12. When the mole is used, the elementary entities must be specified and may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, other particles, or specified groups of such particles. The number of elementary particles contained in one mole of any substance is called Avogadro constant and it is equal to 6,02214179(30)×1023.
The Burning Torch for Protestantism. Sir Winston Churchill (1874 - 1965) The English statesman Winston Churchill successfully led Britain through World War Two, a task he described as his 'walk with destiny' - a destiny for which he believed he had spent all his life in preparation. He was born son of a prominent Tory politician, Lord Randolph Churchill, at Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire, and attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst before embarking on an army career. He became a politician in 1900 as Conservative MP for Oldham (a seat he had previously failed to win), but migrated to the Liberal party in 1906. His presence in the Houses of Parliament was notable, marked particularly by his rehearsed rhetorical method (meticulously prepared), despite a speech impediment that never left him. In 1917 he was appointed Lloyd George's minister of munitions and was involved in the mass production of tanks. This is now believed to have played a large part in Britain's success in World War One. From 1919 to 1921 he acted as secretary of state for war and air, and in 1924 he became Chancellor of the Exchequer. The next decade saw a decline in his status, during a period of political turmoil. But when war came, in May 1940, and Neville Chamberlain fell from power, Churchill came into his own and met his 'destiny'. His embodiment of the national spirit, and his unflinching determination in the face of Hitler's warmongering, won support across the country - even though he promised nothing more than 'blood, toil, tears and sweat'. Throughout the war he worked tirelessly, and built good relations with President Franklin D Roosevelt while maintaining an alliance with the Soviet Union. Churchill was regarded with suspicion by some British voters, because of what they saw as his ability to change parties at regular intervals. He was also unpopular with trade union members and the working class, as he was instrumental in helping to break the 1926 General Strike. Although he was seen as a great leader who didn't give an inch during war, he was not considered the man to establish a better Britain during peacetime, and he lost power in the 1945 election. He remained a vital leader of the opposition, however, voicing apprehensions about the Iron Curtain and encouraging European and Atlantic unity - this resulted in the formation of NATO. A final stint as Prime Minister came at the age of 77, and Churchill continued as a back-bencher into even older age. His contribution to the establishment of peace was rewarded with a string of decorations, including an honorary US citizenship, and accolades listing him among the greatest living Englishmen. Did you know? Churchill first developed a taste for cigars on a trip to Cuba in 1895, where he went to observe the Spanish ruling forces put down a local uprising. Churchill narrowly avoided death in New York in 1931 when he was struck by a car travelling at about 30 mph. He had to spend eight days in hospital. Churchill was a sufferer for most of his life of depression. He came to call his dark moods associated with this depression his 'Black Dog.' He once said that the 'U-boat peril' was the only thing that ever really frightened him during World War Two. Churchill's great passion in life outside politics was painting. He produced over 500 works during his lifetime and was made an honorary academician by the Royal Academy.

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