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Power And Emotion In Victor Hugo's Les Miserables 861 Words4 Pages Victor Hugo’s novel, Les Misérables, contains various forceful story lines that jolt the audience’s curiosity. With scenes filled with pain and emotion, songs brought them alive in the film version. From rebellious scenes to heart breaking ones, the music that played behind each song brought life, character, and emotion to the audience. "I Dreamed a Dream," "Empty Chairs and Empty Tables," and "Bring Him Home" made the scenes in the movie more powerful, however in the novel several scenes lack the power and emotion the movie presents to the public. Turning to prostitution, Fantine loses her dignity she sings "I Dreamed a Dream" displaying her pain to the audience. Along with her display of emotion, people can visualize what times were like in the 1800s. "As to the mother, she seemed poor and sad; she had the appearance of a working women who is seeking to return to the life of a peasant. It was Fantine." (Hugo 41-42). Fantine had …show more content… Although the scene of Marius grieving never happens in the novel, there are lines in the Les Miserables that show Marius never really mourned over the deaths of his friends. While healing from his wounds, Marius in his delirium, "repeated the name of Cosette during entire nights in the dismal loquacity of fever and with the gloomy obstinacy of agony"(Hugo 338). This line exhibits how Marius is more worried about losing Cosette than he had about his friends. Also, "He determined in the face of refusal he would tear off his bandages, dislocate his shoulder, lay bare and open his remaining wounds, and refuse all nourishment. ETC. To have Cosette or to die" (Hugo 340). With the amount of passion Marius had fighting at the barricade, Cosette meant the most, forcing him to threaten to take his own life. "There 's a grief that can 't be spoken / There 's a pain goes on and on." "Empty Chairs and Empty Tables" adds an ambience in Marius ' life that the novel Les Miserables never does, making Marius a more likeable character in More about Power And Emotion In Victor Hugo's Les Miserables Open Document
Poe Report Essay Submitted By zacogle778 Words: 750 Pages: 3 As we all know, Edgar Allan Poe has written many poems. It is well known that most of his story can be considered creepy or otherwise unsettling, but these feelings throughout his stories and poems aren’t without reason. Poe never really knew his parents. His father left his family early on. His mother died when he was three years old. He was separated from his siblings and went to live with John and Frances Allan, a Tabaco merchant and his wife, in Richmond, Virginia. He and Frances formed a sort of bond, but he never really connected with John. Poe reportedly wrote poems on the back of some of John’s business papers. Money was an issue between Poe and John. When he went to college, Poe didn’t receive enough funds from John to cover all of the costs, so Poe resorted to gambling, which lead to him going into debt. When he returned home, Poe found that his neighbor and fiancée had gotten engaged to someone else. Frustrated, Poe left the Allan’s. Poe moved in with his aunt and her daughter Virginia in Baltimore. There he fell in love with his young 13 year old cousin and married her. After returning to Richmond, Poe went to work for a magazine. There he developed a reputation as a cut-throat critic. Poe also published some of his own works in the magazine. Poe left the magazine after his aggressive reviewing style and combative personality caused tension in his relationship with the publication. As we can see, Poe had had a rough past, most likely leading to his poignant and often morbid stories and poems. Often his stories are disturbing and off-putting due to the feelings with which he writes them. Often it seems he writes his stories with a depressed, angry feeling that can easily come from the hard past that he suffered. In his poem, The Raven, Poe has more of a paranoid feeling. He was portraying this feeling this due to LaNoire. LaNoire is the deceased wife of the character in the poem. The Raven in the poem is saying “Nevermore” to every question asked by the character. The use of rhyme and alliteration really brought this poem to life. The way he incorporated it into the poem show how much of a literary genius he was. This poem had more of an eerie, depressed feeling, which makes sense being that it is evident that the story is more personal to him. We can see that when he was writing this, he was mourning the loss of his wife, leading to the depressed, fearful, ominous, paranoid feeling that he wrote this story with. In his story The Masque of the Red Death, Poe uses disease to show how people can be selfish and only think about themselves. When he was writing this, he had a more aggravated point
Real Estate Getting Down To Basics with How a solar power generator works Solar power is now known to people. The use of solar power is the best and most efficient because it poses less harm to the surrounding,check here! Solar power generators widely-known to be more precise. Consider ways in which you can get your electricity directly from solar-powered device. There are many damages that are caused by normal electricity production and using solar powered devices can help us to curb the situation. They convert the photons to generate power. It is that easy. You can save a lot of money when you use solar energy. The Invention of solar power energy has improved people’s ways of life. For the people living in isolated areas solar power energy has become advantageous to them since they had a hard time to access electricity. More info on how a solar power generator works is available here. The sun produces the energy. The sun is the sole provider of the energy and because of this which place a huge role the process. Energy from the sun is used to help the generator work. It is crucial to find a place maximum sunlight. By making use of the solar panels. Solar panels are made out of photovoltaic cells. Electricity is made from the photons captured from the sun the which are converted by the cells. They are made from silicon crystals and then connected together in a series. The battery is charged with the help of the connection that reserves into electric current. Using the battery. The battery is the main source of storing power. Lead acid is the material used to make many batteries. They help in storing the power gotten from the sun during the day, to be used when the sun is gone. The charging system. The power of the battery is known as the direct current. Your appliances will require power known as alternative current,check this website. The charger is used to convert the direct current into alternative current. It is important to find a nice place to put your solar power generators so as to get sufficient amount of sunlight . Keep in mind that different seasons mean different sun paths. Your solar power generator will commence functioning when you place it in the right spot. Invention of the solar power generators are some of the things we should not take for granted,go to this site. It helps to cut on your bill costs and it is less harmful to the environment. You will reduce on the cost of electricity bills when you get more energy from the sun. They are not difficult to use and are less sophisticated,read more now. Refer to: additional reading Comments Off on Getting Down To Basics with
• Single User License $3500 Status : February, 2021 \| Medical Devices Report Digest Global Echocardiography Devices Market: Snapshot Echocardiography devices are used to carry out the process of echocardiography, consequently generating an echocardiogram or a cardiac echo. Simply said these devices are used to form a sonogram of the heart. Echocardiographic device use standard two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and Doppler ultrasound to create images of the heart. Echocardiography was also the first ultrasound subspecialty to use intravenous contrast. Echocardiography is performed by cardiac sonographers, cardiac physiologists (UK), or physicians trained in echocardiography. With rising number of cardiovascular issues all over the globe owing to unhealthy lifestyles, smoking, pollution, and other factors, echocardiograph devices are witnessing extensive use. This has furthermore led to the existence of a distinct echocardiograph devices market. Thus, echocardiography devices are now routinely used in the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of patients with any suspected or known heart diseases. Echocardiography is one of the most widely used diagnostic tests in the field of cardiology. It can provide a wealth of helpful information, including the size and shape of the heart, pumping capacity, and the location and extent of any tissue damage. An echocardiogram retrieved from the devices can also give physicians other estimates of heart function, such as a calculation of the cardiac output, ejection fraction, and diastolic function. Echocardiograph devices can help detect cardiomyopathies, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and many others. The use of stress echocardiography may also help determine whether any chest pain or associated symptoms are related to heart disease. The biggest advantage associated with using echocardiograph device involves then being non-invasive and has no known risks or side effects. An echocardiogram derived from the devices can create ultrasound images of heart structures, but it can also produce accurate assessment of the blood flowing through the heart by Doppler echocardiography, using pulsed- or continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound. This allows cardiovascular specialists to conduct assessment of both normal and abnormal blood flow through the heart. Global Echocardiography Devices Market: Overview Owing to a telling prevalence of cardiac diseases and the clinical implications entailed, there has been a dire need for reliable, accurate, and fast diagnosis to come in close proximity with the status of the patient’s medical condition. Apart from physical examination and medical history, tests such as echocardiography find critical application in cardiovascular disease diagnosis. While a prime level of precision was only available with invasive techniques, echocardiography devices have turned the tables by providing equal or even better precision levels during the diagnosis of cardiac diseases. Global Echocardiography Devices Market: Key Trends The world echocardiography devices market is anticipated to grow at a steady pace during the forecast period 2017–2025. The aggressive rise in the occurrences of cardiac disorders could be a leading cause of the growth in the world echocardiography devices market. According to healthcare experts, hypertension is the number cause of cardiac disorders such as heart failure. Hectic lifestyles promoting sporadic physical activities, intensified stress, and unsound dietary habits are some of the common reasons for heart-related diseases. As the number of cardiac disorder incidences increase in the U.S., the need to diagnose, treat, and monitor the acuteness of disorders and maintain medical records is expected to increase proportionally. Additionally, the rising hospitalization of geriatric population to receive treatment for cardiovascular diseases has augmented the need for echocardiography diagnosis. As a result, the world echocardiography devices market is predicted to propel at an impressive rate. Integration of newer technologies is another factor elevating the demand in the world echocardiography devices market. For instance, the advent of novel technologies in cardiovascular disease testing has boosted the sale of echocardiography devices. Secondly, both patients and equipment can now be flexibly placed in medical examination rooms with the perpetual advancement in wireless data systems. Global Echocardiography Devices Market: Market Potential In Brazil, a group of Zika-affected babies were medically assessed with echocardiography to find minor heart defects. After the evaluation, the congenital heart disease (CHD) rate was found to grow three times than expected in the babies. However, merely one infant showed symptoms while most others revealed minor septal defects. This was the first time CHD has had a connection with the Zika virus in infants, although pericarditis and myocarditis have had been previously associated with flaviviruses such as dengue. Global Echocardiography Devices Market: Regional Outlook North America could be at the forefront of the international echocardiography devices market in terms of technology. In the foreseeable future, the international echocardiography devices market is prophesied to be heavily influenced by technological advancements. Vendors operating in the North America echocardiography devices market could be encouraged for more innovation with the constant digitalization of data in cardiology departments and physician offices. As a result, cardiovascular information system (CVIS), picture archiving and communication system (PACS), echocardiography management systems, and various other kinds of management solutions are prognosticated to receive enhanced data connectivity. Asia Pacific and Europe, the Middle East, and Africa could be other key regions of the international echocardiography devices market. Global Echocardiography Devices Market: Competitive Landscape Schiller, Philips Healthcare, Nihon Kohden Corporation, Hill-Rom, Inc., and GE Healthcare are envisaged to lead the ship in the worldwide echocardiography devices market. In order to improve their shares and secure their position in the worldwide echocardiography devices market, players could consider competitive pricing and adoption of several strategies. The worldwide echocardiography devices market could hold a fragmented characteristic on account of a multitude of regional and global companies making their presence known in the industry. This study provides a particularized anatomy according to the L.E.A.P mechanism • Latest trends and cardinal growth prospects • Existing and future insights in growth • Ascensions in technology • Pain points The regional analysis offers market assays across: • North America • Asia Pacific • Europe • Latin America • The Middle East and Africa Latest Trends and Cardinal Growth Prospects Existing and Future Insights in Growth Ascensions in Technology Pain Points This report is the key to questions such as: Which regions will emerge as champion growth contributors for the market? Which aspects will serve as game-changers for the market? What are the latest innovations in the market? Which factors will hinder the growth of the market?
From Wikiversity Jump to navigation Jump to search >Brain Imaging>Neurosociety Media Centre Electroencephalography (EEG) measures the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex at the time of the scan. The measurements are usually taken using electrodes that are placed on the scalp. Neural activity generates electric field potentials in the brain which can be measured, these usually appear as regular rhythms at different frequencies on the EEG trace.
Bhutan Built Berlin Wall is Yet to Fall Down The pull down of Berlin wall, in 1990, reunified East and West Germany. Many people returned from West Germany to East Germany with documents and evidences to claim the land, houses and properties they themselves or their parents owned as early as in 1925-1930. They, then, had to leave East Germany under duress of various types. The physical unity was stiff and complete yet the barriers existed between hearts; the discrimination between East and West Germans are still bitter experiences for many. The division was forceful, sudden and unwanted and the reunification had a reverse trend. Two decades after the fall of the wall, the East Germans feel cheated and the West Germans feel they compromised for a loss. At the same time when the Berlin wall was being bulldozed and souvenir hunters were rushing to secure a brick from the debris, monarch of Bhutan, a tiny Himalayan nation, was constructing a stanch barrier segmenting the people. King Jigme Singye Wangchuck was the first man seen behind the scene doing everything possible to reduce his opposition. He wanted to continue chairing the government, securing the throne and his family rule. On top of that, he wanted to apply his untested philosophies through verbal commandments. In an ethnically, linguistically and culturally diverse country, he enforced to instill nationalism through doctrinal decree, according to which his tribal customs were regarded superior to others, hence a must for all to adopt in-toto, shunning their own. The partition obtained potency thereafter. Those who supported him gained his side and others found themselves on the opposite side. All the people of the nation were classified into eight categories. The opponents were classified into seven files, popularly termed as F1 to F7, and the eight which was the list of the people on his side were above the file. People were registered into different files based on the ethnicity, census records, marriage and allegiance to the government or the opposition parties. In a flash of events, people came out to street demanding democracy, human rights, equality and a change in the system of governance. The reaction was termed anti national activity; strict regulations were circulated to pin down the reactionaries. Brutal state sponsored terrorism engulfed the rural settings. People were incarcerated and tortured, many died. With a hope to live a day longer, people fled from their homes. The first victims were the people in the southern belt which is the flat and fertile part of the country. The people, who were living for generations, fled leaving behind everything with a hope to return with the return of normalcy. Neither of the two returned. The land and properties left behind were fast shared by the royal family members, aristocrats and their supporters who carried out the maneuver. The earlier owners, most of whom became refugees and are living in refugee camps in Nepal are longing for an early return to their homestead. The later owners are bestowed with the onus of protecting the border to prevent possible infiltration by the earlier owners. Two decades later, the wall is strong, the will and effort from either side is weak to hammer it down. The separation of family members is sadly hidden by the members on either side just to let the other members on the enemy side stay unnoticed for safety. Almost every family in the refugee camps has their relatives behind in Bhutan. Their sweet dreams of reunion always dissolve into the bitter tears of harsh realities. On the either sides of the wall, extremism are growing. The differences are widening in language, education system and the brought up. The integration of the two groups of people, if at all, shall be increasingly difficult with the delay in time. The ruler must face the challenge; go for integration now and inherit a harmonious society to the descendant than leave the war of integration on latter’s shoulder. Even after seven to eight decades, the Germans claimed and got back their properties or compensations through legal struggle. This must be the source of hope and inspiration for struggle to the Bhutanese fugitives in exile to conserve their hopes alive and strong. The same must spur an intuition of wisdom in the present rulers to stop hiding their head in the sand, to rise up to face the realities, to break the wall and lay foundation to a trouble free harmonious society, before the situation compels them to jump into the abyss they themselves dug.
Share this: Like this: Like Loading... " /> Published On: Fri, Jan 23rd, 2015 The Islamic etiquette of raising family Share This Teach Children Tawbah (Repentance) Children need to understand that actions have consequences, that misbehavior is shameful and is known to God, and that they need to repent when they have committed bad deeds. It is not enough for children to say sorry and move on. Children need to understand that one’s regret of misbehavior needs to be addressed to God. This also opens the door to further God consciousness, and allows the parents to teach their children God’s love and mercy. Children can then establish a deeper relationship with Him. Parents will not be thanked for their teaching efforts by children; on the contrary, they are likely to encounter tantrums and all manner of resistance. Nevertheless, persistently explaining the situation in a firm voice and giving plenty of affection when tawbah has been made will reinforce in the children the practice of repenting and refraining from wrong actions. Later on when the children are older, if they hurt or do something wrong to others, they will know what to do to make amends with God. Teach Children About Prophet Muhammad $ and Other Prophets Parents are advised to invest in a small library of books and acquire the habit of reading regularly with their children. They can read or narrate stories of the Prophet (PBUH) (including his life, his childhood, his character and his message), stories of his grandchildren, and stories of his Companions. Prophetic stories enable children to enter the world of the prophets, form a strong association with them and emulate them as role models. These stories need to be tailored and addressed to the children’s age group and center on aspects to which children can relate. Parents can also read to children stories of strong men and women and moral leaders throughout history. Teach children about the achievements of Islamic civilization. Take children to museums and allow them to experience Islamic art, history, and architecture. Museums are a wonderful place for children to be inspired by history, and they often have activities for children, which parents can take advantage of. There are also excellent Internet sources devoted to this subject, for example, “1001 in- ventions:’ showcasing Muslim achievements of the past thousand years: http://www. 1001 inventions. com. It is recommended that parents also invest in a copy of the book, 1001 Inventions: Muslim Heritage in Our World. This is an easy-to-read, beautifully illustrated guidebook taking readers through a thousand years of science and technology and into the lives of medieval pioneers whose ingenious inventions have helped create our world today. Websites and books/DVDs containing audio-visual material showing the great beauty of the world in which we live are also another great source of guidance. Children should be shown visually appealing films, especially those describing the wonders of creation (such as the miracle of the bee). In addition, as children become older, the effects of a secular world view will encroach more deeply into their growing conscience. Be prepared to answer questions about topics such as the theory of evolution. Children will be vulnerable the minute they enter the wider world, and parents are extremely naive if they leave belief to filter in through a sort of Islamic osmosis. Once the knowledge of God and His creation are deeply ingrained in children, the sophistries of some secularist discourse will be easy to deal with. Children need a confident and firm foundation from which to deflect and/or ignore any attempts to distort their world view. Teach Children Adab (Manners) Islam’s concept of behavior includes the concept of morals (adab). Children should be taught to say please and thank you, as well as al-hamdulillah (all praise be to God), insha’Allah (if God wills), and al-salam ‘alaykum (peace be upon you). Too often, this beautiful greeting is allowed to slip into a “hi”, “hello”, or “bye”. Children need to be taught the adab of proper eating and drinking, wearing decent clothes, and how to act respectfully in a social setting. It is important to keep children and the home environment clean, tidy, and organized so that they absorb these habits themselves. Do not spoil children; sometimes, it is better to cook a plain dish other than a fancy dinner so that they learn to value food when they are given a particularly delicious meal. Frequent exaggerated praise and admiration of children may instill vanity or arrogance. It is not necessary to buy them every toy they demand; if they really want something, then occasionally they can be allowed to work for it by doing little chores. They should be reminded that the Almighty God may give them something better. Working out alternative solutions, for instance, when they cannot have what they want, prepares children for the reality waiting for them in the real world, and all the values and discipline they learn will serve them well throughout their lives. What Should You Tell Your Children First: They Love God or God Loves Them? If children are taught to say “I love God, He created me and created the earth, the sun and the moon” what kind of message are they being given? First of all, children have no concept of God, for it is an abstract idea that they do not comprehend yet. What does it matter to them to love or not to love something that they do not know? Furthermore, for children, their existence as well as the universe around them is a matter of fact and it is nothing special. However, if the issue is reversed and the children are taught “God loves you, He created you and created the universe for your enjoyment;’ they will then want to know eagerly who this Being is who loves them, and cares for them and their pleasure. They will certainly want to have a relationship with such a loving, caring Entity and to know more and more about Him. There is a strong relationship between worship, life, and voluntary submission to the Will of the Creator. Our good behavior has to be based on a desire to please Him, the Ultimate source of Goodness and Truth. The way to please God is to follow His directives and guidance to improve the quality of our lives as well as those of the people around us. We strengthen our spirituality by being good, hardworking, honest, useful, and helpful to others, thus moving closer to the Creator. We help ourselves by helping others, by respecting the rights of life, property, and honor; and by promoting justice, compassion, and freedom, avoiding tyranny, and resisting oppression. All of these struggles require a continual awareness and remembrance of God and His beautiful attributes. Observing the religious rituals strengthens this awareness and our love for the Almighty. In this way, we will be blessed and the sincere worshiper can gain the strength to succeed in doing what is good and right. Know Thy Self: The Problem with Arab Education There is a loud cry for learning, freedom, and ijtihad (research): The United Nations Arab Human Development Report (2009) shows a worrying trend across the modern Arab world in terms of scientific advancement and research. Today’s Arabs lag behind other nations even in sustaining their own rich cultural tradition. A 1991 UN study showed that Arab countries have one of the lowest publication figures in the world. Europe is in the lead, producing over five times the number of publications in comparison with the Arab countries. The report highlights an increasing disparity between Arabic countries and the rest of the world. In their obsession to control, authoritarian Arab states have stifled creativity and all argument. “Freedoms that are hostage to false matters of security, to censorship, and to self-appointed watchdogs of public morality are freedoms denied. The first victims of this denial are creativity, initiative, innovation and knowledge:’ (The Economist 2003). Parents should not shun their responsibility towards children by relegating their role to governments. Parents, as role models and primary teachers to their children, must stand up to the challenge and become a major factor in effort to change society. Parents are the “ignition key” for the process of effective reforms; the drivers are the intellectual reformers and educators who teach parents what to do and how to do it. If the parents are convinced, they will eagerly do what is required. They possess a far-reaching moral influence on their children and can reshape the character of future generations. In an informal meeting with a group of 3 couples, discuss these questions: Why is it that many Muslim countries have not progressed, whereas Japan and Germany, which were decimated during World War II, are now among the leading nations of the world? Why do some Muslim countries still throw garbage into rivers, have a poor education system, and export raw materials cheaply only to buy them back as highly expensive manufactured goods? For example, a ton of iron ore is exported for $2000 and then bought back as computers and electronic gadgets for millions of dollars. Why does the Muslim world have some of the highest levels of illiteracy despite the Qur’anic injunction to read (iqra’)? Although the five daily prayers remind us of God in a systematic way, there are many other activities which we need to connect with the Creator as we perform them. Children need to be taught to do continual dhikr (remembrance) of the Creator. One effective way is to teach them to memorize the following supplications practiced by the Prophet (PBUH) from the time of waking up to bedtime. These do not take long and they improve our state of mind and they orient our action in the right direction (especially on these two occasions, when we begin eating and when we finish eating). Parents may choose one or two items each week and ensure correct practice before going to the next one. Teach children the meaning of these supplications. (If the Arabic is difficult to recite, it is acceptable to say them in the native language or in English). ACTIVITY 23: APPRECIATING THE FAVORS AND BLESSINGS OF GOD In the spirit of these formal supplications (above), children are requested to make their own personal requests to the Almighty in their own language and to discuss them with their parents. ACTIVITY 24: PUTTING PROBLEMS INTO PERSPECTIVE Let one child read aloud this true story and discuss it, adding your own experiences. Gratitude for the smallest things from God leads to contentment, which stops us from feeling jealous, bitter and sad. This is the secret of happiness and the cure for anxiety. I knew a young woman who was dealing with serious problems. Her parents were divorced, she was looking after a sick mother whilst holding down a full-time job and had financial problems. However, her attitude to life was cheerful: “IfI can wake up in the morning and walk on my feet, I am perfectly all right!” In other words focus on what you have and look (and strive) for the best possible outcome in life. The following hadith sums up this great attitude: The Prophet (PBUH) said: “Whoever wakes up secure amongst his people, physically healthy, and has enough food for the day, it is as if the whole world had been gathered for him:’ (AL TIRMIDHI AND IBN MAJAH) ACTIVITY 25: SEVEN CONCEPTS TO TEACH CHILDREN Let a child read the following hadith, then reflect on each principle and relate it to real experiences. “There are seven whom Allah will cover with His shade on the day when there is no shade except His shade: a just ruler, a youth who grows up worshiping Allah, a man whose heart is attached to the mosque when he leaves it until he returns to it, two persons who love each other for the sake of God and meet for that and part for that, a man who remembers God when he is alone and his eyes overflow with tears, a man who refuses the approaches of a highly positioned and beautiful woman, saying, ‘I fear Allah’, and a man who gives charity and conceals it so that his left hand does not know what his right hand gives:’ (AL-BUKHARI AND MUSLIM) Leave a comment %d bloggers like this:
Quotes from Collins’ Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory “intersectionality itself can be seen as a knowledge project of resistance, one in which critical analysis underpins its intellectual resistance… critical social theory is a particular form of intellectual resistance.” (p. 10) img_1548 “Gender, race, ethnicity, nation, sexuality, ability, and age… reference important knowledge traditions among subordinated peoples who oppose the social inequalities and social injustices that they experience. Such projects aim to address the deep-seated concerns of people who are subordinated within domestic and global expressions or racism, sexism, capitalism, colonialism, and similar systems of political domination and economic exploitation. Whatever the form of oppression they experience –race, class, gender, sexuality, age, ability, ethnicity, and nation– subordinated groups have a vested interest in resisting it.” (p. 10) “epistemic resistance is vital to opposing racism, sexism, class exploitation, and similar social phenomena… epistemologies exercise power in regulating social theories. Epistemology is implicated in power relations; it is not a passive bystander during the social construction of knowledge.” (p. 11) “focusing on relationships among entities [i.e. relationality] constitutes a defining feature of intersectionality… The premise that race, gender, class, and other systems of power mutual construct one another now functions as a taken-for-granted truism within intersectionality” (p. 16) “Intersectionality’s Paradigmatic Ideas.. Guiding Premises[:] (1) Race, class, gender, and similar systems of power are interdependent and mutually construct one another. (2) Intersecting power relations produce complex, interdependent social inequalities of race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, ability, and age. (3) The social location of individuals and groups within intersecting power relations shapes their experiences within and perspectives on the social world. (4) Solving social problems within a given local, regional, national, or global context requires intersectional analyses.” (p. 44) “racism, sexism, class exploitation, and similar oppressions may mutually construct one another” (p. 46) “[Other academic frameworks believed that] the causes of social inequality often law in fundamental forces that lay outside the particulars of race, class, gender [suggesting that] social inequality was inevitable because it was hardwired into the social world, into individual nature, or into both. Intersectionality rejects these notions that normalize inequality by depicting it as natural and inevitable. Instead, intersectionality points to the workings of power relations in producing social inequalities and the social problems they engender.” (p. 46) “A fourth core theme within intersectionality’s critical inquiry stresses the significance of social context for knowledge production… Social context… matters in understanding how the distinctive social locations of individuals and groups within intersecting power relations shape intellectual production.” (p. 46-47) “A scientific truth is not an absolute, but rather is the best explanation for empirical evidence… Philosophy, literary criticism, and history… do not seek absolute or even provisional truths about the social world, but rather investigate the meaning of the human condition. Theorizing about philosophical topics such as democracy, inequality, freedom, social justice and love stems from efforts to make sense of human life and experience. There are no right or wrong arguments, no absolute truths, only narratives or stories that are more or less relevant to the search for meaning. Because intersectionality encompasses both social sciences and humanities, it can be conceptualized alternatively as a social theory that guides the search for truth and as a social theory that guides the search for social meaning.” (p. 51-52) “At its heart, intersectionality is a set of ideas that is critical of the established social world” (p. 53) “This interdisciplinary project [i.e. the Frankfurt School] is often presented as a point of origin for and predecessor of contemporary critical social theory… I capitalized Critical Theory to distinguish the specific discourse of the Frankfurt school as a specific school of thought. In contrast, I use the phrase critical social theory to refer to range [sic] of theoretical projects that self-define or might be classified as critical.” (p. 56) “Collectively, these [anti-colonial] scholar-activists aimed to decolonize colonial relations, abolish slavery, and resist the Western knowledge that upheld unjust power relations” (p. 74) “Postmodern social theory’s three orienting strategies of decentering, deconstruction, and difference provided an important set of tools for social criticism… Yet when uninformed by political or ethical considerations, these same tools… can uphold dramatically different projects… Critical Theory brings a self-reflective political and ethical analysis to theorizing, applying rules of accountability to its own praxis. Postmodern social theory has no such commitment.” (p. 78) “Poststructuralism’s deconstructive tools became effective weapons of critique, yet did not necessarily express political or ethical accountability” (p. 79) “resistant knowledge projects… grapple with the existential question of how individuals and groups who are subordinated within varying systems of power might survive and resist their oppression [w]hatever the form of oppression they experience –race, class, gender, sexuality, age, ability, ethnicity, and nation” (p. 88) “Within a color-blind racial formation, people misrecognize racial hierarchy, fail to see racial discrimination, and, by choosing to remain ‘blind’ to racism, perpetuate it” (p. 94) “viewing intersectionality as a resistant knowledge project highlights the political dimensions of knowledge. Just as critical race theory as a resistant knowledge project aspires to resist racism, intersectionality as a knowledge projects may aspire to resist the social inequalities within intersecting systems of power.” (p. 96) “Feminist philosophers criticizing the categorical logic of binary thinking, narratives of evolutionary progress, and Western taxonomies of the Great Chain of Being as socially constructed ideas that naturalized and normalized hierarchies. Significantly, their emphasis on standpoint epistemology and power relations provided an important foundations for contemporary analyses of epistemology and of social justice” (p 100) “Queer of color critique catalyzed a third strand of self-reflexive analysis that draws from and criticizes critical race theory, feminism, and queer theory. Despite challenges by women of color, critical race theory remains wedded to heteronormative gender ideology that privileges men of color.” (p. 105) “Like critical race theory and feminist theory, postcolonial theory assumes a critical posture toward dominant knowledge, in this case, colonial knowledge” (p. 110) “Projects of antiracism, feminism, and decolonialism are called resistant knowledge projects for a reason. For such projects, the guiding question is less whether to resist prevailing power arrangements and more what forms such resistance might take.” (p. 116) “Epistemic resistance, or resisting the rules that govern what counts as knowledge, constitutes an important dimension of critical theorizing in academic venues” (p. 118) “Vivian May contends [that intersectionality is] ‘a form of resistant knowledge developed to unsettle conventional mindsets, challenge oppressive power, think through the full architecture of structural inequalities and asymmetrical life opportunities, ad seek a more just world'” (p. 119) “critical theorizing for intersectionality rests on dialogical engagement with and among various knowledge projects. The boundaries among critical race theory, feminist theory, and postcolonial theory, for example, are blurred, with intellectuals who cross boundaries using ideas from many areas to inform their work.” (p. 119) “subordinated groups know that epistemology has never been neutral, and that epistemic power is part of how domination operates. For indigenous peoples, Black people, women, poor people, LGBTQ people, religious and ethnic minorities, and differently abled people, the concept of epistemic resistance provides an important conceptual tool for critical analysis.” (p. 122) “A broader understanding of epistemology points to not only how social inequalities are reproduced in the application of seemingly objective rules, but also how the substance of the rules themselves foster injustice. This concept of epistemology as an active participant in organizing power hierarchies has been fertile ground for intersectional analysis” (p. 127) “Terms such as epistemic oppression and epistemic injustice provide a more nuanced understanding of how epistemology constitutes a structuring dimension of social injustice beyond the actual ideas of racism, heteropatriarchy, and colonialism as ideological systems… epistemic oppression and epistemic injustice name the structural dimensions of epistemic power as organized through the aforementioned interpretive communities that are essential to knowledge production” (p. 129) “Some scholars have interpreted this tendency to disbelieve the stories of subordinated individuals as a form of epistemic violence. Just as interpersonal and state-sanctioned violence underpin intersecting power relations by policing the borders of race, class, gender, sexuality, and similar forms of power, tactics of epistemic violence operate within interpretive communities to police the cherished ideas of any given group” (p. 133) “Identity politics and standpoint epistemology constitute two important dimensions of epistemic resistance for subordinated groups. Identity politics valorizes the experiences of women, people of color, poor people, LGBTQ people, and similarly subordinated people as a source of epistemic agency. By claiming the authority of experience, standpoint epistemology defend the integrity of individuals and groups in interpreting their own experiences.” (p. 136) “Women, Black people, and similarly subordinated groups routinely advance political claims in terms of the experiences that accompany negative identities. Yet experience as a way of knowing is routinely dismissed as mere opinion rather than informed testimony that illustrates the truths of being silenced and subordinated.” (p. 137) “One way of conceptualizing intersectionality is to see it as a methodology for decolonizing knowledge…All knowledge produced within existing Western epistemologies becomes suspect precisely because the validity of such knowledge rests on exclusionary, nondemocratic methodologies.” – (p. 144) “Some [theoretical projects of Western social theory] explicitly aim to be critical; others do not. Marxist social theory, the Critical Theory of the Frankfurt school, existentialism, liberation theory, and British cultural studies all have a critical impetus at their core. Other projects may carry the mantle of critical social theory, as in the case of postmodernism and poststructuralism, yet they might be more wedded to criticizing society than to reforming or transforming it.” (p. 145) “These resistant knowledge projects [organized by people who experience domination] concerning race, class, gender, sexuality, age, ability, ethnicity, and nation typically identify resisting oppression, domination, or social injustice as central to their critical engagement.” (p. 146) Power relations shape all social relations… Even the most homogeneous communities contains considerable differences in power –those distinguishing the old from the young, women from men– the very categories of analysis that have been core to intersectionality itself.” (p. 146) In a David and Goliath world regulated by dominant Western epistemologies [ways of knowing], intersectionality cannot simply assume that it is playing by the same set of rules as everyone else. Critical theoretical projects resist and criticize not just the intellectual and political arrangements that accompany specific forms of domination, but also how dominant epistemologies make these structures of knowledge notoriously difficult to upend.” (p. 152) “Tools of epistemic resistance used by subordinated people –namely, testimonial authority, identity politics, and standpoint epistemology– all rest on implicit assumptions about the utility of experience for producing knowledge.” (p. 157) “Intersectionality has not yet crsytallized into a canon with founding figures, a coherent narrative of its point of origin, and a list of its core tenets.” (p. 185) Experience constitutes a source of wisdom, a way of knowing that is democratic precisely because it does not depend on formal education. (p. 185-186) “Because critical social theories have a vested interest in opposing political domination, the question of freedom has been central to many resistant knowledge projects” (p. 190) “One can trace a significant albeit unacknowledged influence of selected ideas from Maxist social theory on the critical social theories and resistant knowledge projects described in chapters 2 and 3. The Critical Theory of the Frankfurt school, Fanon’s liberation theory, critical race theory, some strands of feminism, and British cultural studies have taken up varying ideas from Marxist social theory for their own projects.” p. 230-231 “Theorizing about broad philosophical topics such as democracy, inequality, freedom, social justice, and power stem from efforts to make sense of the human condition. There are no right or wrong arguments, no absolute truths, only better or worse arguments.” (p. 243) “Intersectionality is often perceived as fundamentally critical of unjust societies because social justice seems to be so central to many of its projects. It certainly seems that intersectionality is on the side of social justice… Overviews of intersectionality routinely depict it as a form of resistant knowledge that is inherently dedicated to social justice” (p. 253) “eugenics drew upon these categories of analysis [i.e. race, ethnicity, and ability] within a relational framework that was implicitly intersectional” (p. 256) “Within medical models, societies view ability and disability as overriding characteristics of each body. Physical disabilities may be more visible because they can be seen on bodies, but mental disabilities that ostensibly reside inside the body seemingly have a similar essence… Arguing that disability is socially constructed, contemporary scholarship in critical disability studies rejects these views of Western science..Critical disability studies suggest that the social meanings attached to all bodies is socially determined and is not inherent to bodies themselves.” (p. 259). “A second unifying principle of eugenics projects relied upon family rhetoric and practices to explain social hierarchy. As Anne McLintock observes, ‘the family image came to figure hierarchy within unity as an organic element of historical progress, and thus became indispensable for legitimating exclusion and hierarchy within nonfamilial social forms such as nationalism, liberal individualism and imperialism’…So-called normal families are expected to socialize their members into an appropriate set of societal norms. Hierarchical relations of gender, age, and ability within families articular with placement of the family unit within hierarchical social relations of race, class, and citizenship.” (p. 261) Having the power to set the rules of what will count as truth (e.g. epistemic power) has greater impact than criticizing knowledge created within those rules. Epistemic resistance to the rules themselves is far more formidable than simple criticism or dissent.” (p. 272) “Fundamentally, social justice projects not only criticize social inequalities as being unjust, they routinely and explicitly work to dismantle them.” (p. 274) “This commitment to social justice is especially apparent within resistant knowledge projects. For example, critical race studies, feminist studies, and postcolonial studies all express an explicit commitment to making the world more just” (p. 274) “The meaning of critical social theory is far from settled” (p. 275) “Postmodern social theory, for example, provide a powerful set of analytical tools for criticizing society; these tools can be used in service to social justice. But such tools need not be used for this purpose. Moreover, poststructuralism’s rejection of the grand narratives of the Enlightenment makes it impossible to reconcile a commitment to social justice within poststructuralism’s epistemological framework.” (p. 275) Social justice is one of intersectionality’s core constructs that reappears across heterogeneous intersectional projects” (p. 275) “An explicit or even implicit commitment to social justice need to not be a guiding premise of intersectionality” (p. 276) “what characterizes the essence of intersectionality itself? What is essential to its very being? Relationality is a core construct for intersectionality that infuses intersectionality’s guiding premises. Might social justice be a comparable unifying principle?” (p. 276) “It’s easy to say that you are for social justice? But what exactly does that mean?… Because understandings of social justice vary across activists and academic communities, the meanings of social jusitce that are available to intersectionality are similarly heterogeneous… It’s impossible to analyze whether social justice should or should not be central to intersectionality’s critical analysis without specifying what sense of social justice has in mind” (p. 277) “the term justice is used as a suffix for contemporary activists projects and movements as a way of signaling critical intent… The use of the term justice can also identify specific dimensions within an existing social movement, as in the case, for example, of the distinctions between reproductive rights and reproductive justice within feminism” (p. 277) Truth is not an absolute. Instead, the rules that determine what counts as truth mean that some truths count more than others… Epistemology is crucial for understanding why some truths are present in intersectioality’s knowledge base while others remain neglected, as well as whose truths are believed and whose are dismissed. How we come to believe in what we see as true is just as important as the substance of the ideas that we take as true. Most of us synthesize truths that are produced by others and that we find beliwvable. Despite the blurring of fact and fiction within political discourse, knowing that some provisional truths are substantially stronger than others is essential to critical analytical work. No one can definitely prove the truth of climate change. But the evidence for such truth is all around us. No one can definitely prove the truth of a sexual assault that has no witnesses. But the evidence for sexual assault as a social problem brought forward by those harmed by such practices well after the events themselves should be evidence enough. The truth of each survivor can be disputed, but the truth of the pattern itself can no longer be denied.” (p. 288) “Is some sort of commitment to social justice required for intersectionality’s critical analysis? More importantly, should it be? This book raises these questions, yet the answers lie within us.” (p. 290) See all content on critical theory here. Related articles:
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION Biological control may be defined as the use ofparasitoid, predator, pathogen, or competitor populations to suppress a pest population, making it less abundant and damaging than it would otherwise be. All living species are attacked by natural enemies- parasites, predators, or pathogens- which feed on them in one way or another and in many cases regulate their population densities (Van Driesche and Bellows 2001). Many potentially injurious pests are kept at very low levels and never reach economic pest proportions due to the effective action of naturally-occurring natural enemies, without deliberate intervention by man. Natural enemies can be utilized in three maj or ways: (1) importation of exotic species and their establishment in a new habitat, (2) augmentation of established species through direct manipulation of their populations, as by insect mass production and periodic colonization, and (3) their conservation through manipulation of the environment. When successful, the utilization of natural enemies is an inexpensive, non- hazardous means of reducing pest populations and maintaining them below economic injury levels (Van Driesche and Bellows 2001). Success in biological control is often dependent on a thorough understanding of the organisms involved, both injurious and beneficial, and their intricate interactions. The modern history of biological control can be dated from the control of the cottony cushion scale, Icerya purcha~si Maskell, by introduced natural enemies on citrus in California in 1888 (Van Driesche and Bellows 2001). Ever since then, hundreds of
Quick Answer: What Is The Root Of Federalism? What is federalism short answer? Why was Federalism created? In their attempt to balance order with liberty, the Founders identified several reasons for creating a federalist government: to avoid tyranny. to allow more participation in politics. to use the states as “laboratories” for new ideas and programs. What are the two roots of federalism Class 10? Answer. The two roots of federalism are. 1) All have the equal power. 2) It divides the government in many levels. What is federalism summary? Federalism requires that state and local governments play a role in nearly every policy area. … The federal system, also known as federalism, divides power between national and state governments. Under federalism, each level of government is independent and has its own powers and responsibilities. How do you understand federalism? Federalism has not had one set definition throughout history, because the idea of the appropriate balance of authority among the local, state, and Federal governments has changed over time. Federalism is not specifically defined in the Constitution, but it is suggested in how the national government is described. What is another word for federalism? •advocacy of a strong central government (noun) unitarianism, unionism, republicanism. What is the best definition of federalism? What is federalism in the constitution? How does federalism affect my life? Federalism allows for government to address and fund governmental activities at multiple levels. Walking through the scenarios: – Transportation — The Federal Government funds the Interstate Highway System, states fund state roads, and towns pay for local roads. Why is federal government important? What is federalism example? Examples of the federation or federal state include the United States, India, Brazil, Mexico, Russia, Germany, Canada, Switzerland, Argentina, Nigeria, and Australia. Some characterize the European Union as the pioneering example of federalism in a multi-state setting, in a concept termed the federal union of states. Is federalism used today? Fewer than thirty modern countries have federal systems today, including Australia, Canada, Germany, Mexico, and the United States. But even though few other countries practice it today, federalism has provided the balance that the United States has needed since 1787. What are the principles of federalism? How do you explain federalism to a child? Federalism is a political philosophy in which a group of people are bound together, with a governing head. In federalism, the authority is divided between the head (for example the central government of a country) and the political units governed by it (for example the states or provinces of the country). What are the 7 features of federalism? Key Features of FederalismThere are two or more levels (or tiers) of government.Different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own JURISDICTION in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.More items… What are the five key features of federalism? Describe any five features of federalism There are two or more levels of government. Different tiers of government govern the same citizens , but each tier has its own jurisdiction in in specific matters of legislation , taxation and administration.The jurisdiction of the respective tiers of government are specified in the constitution.More items…• What are the three features of federalism? Following are three features of federalism:In a federal structure of government, there are two or more levels or tiers of government.The different tires of the government govern the same citizens. … The Constitution of the country specifies the respective jurisdictions of the different tiers of government.
English As The Official United States Language 1431 Words6 Pages America is a country that, from its very founding, has a distinguishing quality that no other country in the world shares. This quality was the willingness to accept people of all different cultures as citizens of the country. This acceptance drew nearly every imaginable kind of person to the country, a country with just one primary language, English. With all this diversity came hundreds of new languages spoken by the immigrants. To this day there are still pockets of isolated ethnic groups that cannot speak English, the most prevalent language used in America. Every citizen of the United States should be able to speak English because it provides a medium by which people of all different cultures can communicate, interact, and thus co-exist peacefully. If English was spoken by all the citizens of this country it would allow differences to be set aside and would give everyone the opportunity to feel like they belong. This is not to say that English should be the only language spoken in the United States. It is very important for people to speak their original language, but communication among all citizens would allow Americans to unite. For many immigrants that now live in America, the most challenging aspect of the move was fitting into the new environment. For immigrants that cannot speak English this transition from old to new is often very difficult because they feel socially isolated. For a Mexican immigrant named Richard Rodriguez, assimilation into the American society was unachievable without learning to speak English. At first, Rodriguez resisted to learn English because it was uncomfortable, unfamiliar, and he felt that he would loose part of his family bond. At the same time, Richard was separated from ... ... middle of paper ... ...ndence, of Washington’s Farewell address, of Lincoln’s Gettysburg speech and second inaugural.” (p.457) These feelings are very drastic and are though of by many people as beliefs that belong to insecure and even racist people. In a country where difference and ethnicity are welcomed there is no way that a belief such as Roosevelt’s could ever be made a rule. A common form of communication such as the English language is a very valuable and often a necessary attribute for a country to have. This is even more magnified in America where there are over 300 different languages spoken. Without a common language that everyone speaks many simple day-to-day situations would become extremely complicated and frustrating. If every citizen of the United States spoke English then everyone could have their own individuality and many conflicts could be avoided. Open Document
Naturalistic Vs. Instructional: The Naturalic Learning Argument 1142 Words5 Pages Naturalistic vs. Instructional: Which one is better? The naturalistic learning argument can be defined through instruction strategies where “learners, rather than being presented with essential information, must discover or construct essential information for themselves” (Sweller, Kirschner, & Clark 2007). Concisely, naturalistic learning places learners in an environment where they are allowed to explore their own capabilities through problem based learning and develop inquiry skills; students guide themselves with their own motivation and learn the skills they are interested in through minimal support and guidance from educators (Kuhn, 2007). By allowing students develop their own content, strategies, self-directed learning skills, and…show more content… Providing the explicit information they need through instruction is practical because it takes into account cognitive load theory, the link between working memory and long-term memory. Studies observing students in a classroom discovered that “when students learn science in classrooms with pure-discovery methods and minimal feedback, they often become lost and frustrated, and their confusion can lead to misconceptions” due to the lack of instruction (Kirschner et al., 2006). On the other hand, studies involving strongly guided learning showed that students learn more deeply and their quality of education is improved when they are given instruction and feedback on their work. Instructed learning provides a superior quality and amount of learning because it decreases cognitive load, provides worked examples that show students how to solve a problem, and employs methods such as process worksheets which assists students in providing more accurate answers than students who rely on discovery learning (Kirscher et al., More about Naturalistic Vs. Instructional: The Naturalic Learning Argument Open Document
The War Of 1812 And The American Civil War 2593 Words11 Pages Historians have debated for more than one hundred and fifty years about the depth at which the seeds of American disunion were planted before they finally sprouted in the spring of 1861. The Antebellum period of American history between The War of 1812 and The American Civil War was a time of tumultuous change for the United States. Captivated by the American Heroes who had achieved glorious victories over the British during the War of 1812; American settlers began to venture out into the Western Frontier. By the end of the 1830’s, for the first time Americans were able to measure the speed of travel and communication in days rather than weeks. They were able to earn wages in factories, rather than barter their crops for the necessities at the mercy of the market and the weather. While these changes were seen as the dawning of a new era of peace and prosperity for some, others saw them as an apocalyptic warning of the beginning of the end. Radical Reform groups such as Abolitionism that sprung up during the Second Great Awakening ignited a holy war over the question of slavery, a disease which had by the end of the War of 1812 taken root in every facet of American life. The War of 1812 was a conflict resulting from the slow pace of transatlantic communication, warmongering political dogma of young United States congressman and egregious attacks on American Sovereignty by the British Royal Navy. The Napoleonic Wars had forced the United Kingdom to capture American merchant Open Document
BBC News Coronavirus: How do monoclonal antibodies work? A new treatment that uses laboratory-made antibodies is to be trialled on Covid-19 patients in UK hospitals. These monoclonal antibodies will be given to about 2,000 people as part of the UK Recovery Trial, which previously found that a cheap steroid called dexamethasone could save lives. Science Correspondent Rebecca Morelle explains how the antibodies work.
Fisher's Firsthand Account - 1909 Balloon Race This article is nothing short of fantastic. Written by Indianapolis Motor Speedway Founder and President Carl Fisher, it is a lengthy feature printed in the Indianapolis Star Father's Day Sunday edition on June 20, 1909. Fisher provides a first-hand account of his participation in the Indianapolis Motor Speedway's first competition of any kind, the June 5 national balloon championship. His ride with his ballooning mentor, Captain George L. Bumbaugh, was purely harrowing. Twice their balloon Indiana was sucked into a swirling vortex of violently unstable air, soaring as much as 14,000 feet into frigid atmospheric heights which dangerously congealed the gas that floated their airship. This is a compelling piece that provides excellent insights. Fisher had first shared some of the details in this article during a long-distance telephone report he filed with the Indianapolis Star on June 9. Initially their ascent was pleasant and somewhat uneventful. They could see the New York of A. Holland Forbes some distance ahead of them as he had started earlier. Fisher describes the Speedway from the vantage point of hundreds of feet and rising. He noted the grand vista of the track and the people and automobiles scurrying to follow them - but falling away in the distance, slowed by winding roads and each other. Forbes was rising to 7,000 feet but Fisher and Bumbaugh caught a good wind current at 3,000 feet and remained there. Up until 6:30 all the competitors in the national race were in sight of one another. Fisher and Bumbaugh slowly rose to 8,000 feet in an effort to stay ahead of University City which had started later but was catching them. They ate what Fisher said would be their only undisturbed meal together and as night fell they enjoyed a pleasant stillness in the dark having time to absorb the wonder of nature and a unique perspective so few people even today have experienced. This pleasantry was interrupted when passing over the hills of Brown County at 10 PM an angry farmer feeling threatened by the large orb in the sky he did not recognize opened fire with his rifle. This continued in serial fashion as they drifted out of the range of one farmer another one would commence shooting. Around 1 AM they spotted Forbes again. Fisher discusses the use of sand in managing ballast to ensure a stable altitude - especially as the sun rises heating the gas in the balloon and enhancing its lifting power. This responsibility did not deter him from stealing a few moments to marvel at the first strands of sunlight piercing the blackness over the horizon. The light outlined the edges of clouds producing a sensation in Fisher he said was worth risking his life to witness. About this time they spotted the Hoosier of pilot Captain Thoma Baldwin but had lost sight of all the other balloons. By 6 AM they were crossing the Ohio River and there made what Fisher deemed their first mistake. Seeking a northwest current they scattered bits of paper overboard to detect the direction of winds. They found the current they were looking for and descended to hitch a ride. It was a relatively fast stream of air but died out after about 40 miles leaving them in frustrating stillness. Descending to 6,000 feet they picked up a new current - but one that forced them to backtrack, effectively going in reverse and losing distance credit for the race. After finding a better situation 2,000 feet higher they continued on until about noon on Sunday when they found they were back to the spot when they sought the northwest current. It was a waste of six hours. That afternoon they discovered their water cans had previously been used to store oil. Fisher estimates that in the blazing sun above the clouds the temperature for much of the day had soared to 110 degrees. The fleecy clouds below them had only served to reflect the light back into their balloon and intensify the heat. Desperate for hydration they descended when they spied the tiny community of Schackle Island. They hovered above the ground extending buckets with ropes to helpful strangers who filled them with water. Hoisting the containers back to their basket they then ascended to 600 feet where only to begin their terrifying ordeal. This stop and another one later created controversy over whether or not the Indiana should be disqualified. It was at this point the two men encountered meteorological conditions that even the more experienced Bumbaugh, with over 300 ascensions, had never endured before. Fisher described "air eddies" that sucked them upward in a straight line at a rate he estimated as 800 feet per minute. Fisher, observing Bumbaugh, could see he was worried and pleaded with him to tell him what was wrong. Bumbaugh confessed he had never confronted such a challenge. The men stared at their instruments and could only adjust the gas volume in an attempt to abate the climb. Shivering they clamored for their coats. Finally, at 14,000 feet they began to descend - but only slowly. After getting close enough to the surface to see and recognize homes and rooftops they began to calm their nerves. Their peace was short lived as the Indiana began to spin and launch into another sharp ascent directly upward at speed. This time they only climbed to 9,000 feet before they began another slow descent. Using their 450-foot drag rope to drop into treetops they drifted at a low altitude for some time to hopefully pass beyond the turbulent conditions. By the next morning, they needed more water and decided they should land. Passing over what Fisher called a "colored plantation" they shouted to some workers who reluctantly agreed to pull them down with the drag rope. This landing Fisher reports was in Island City, Tennessee, but earlier reports called it Ashland, Tennessee. Despite the fact that Fisher admits he crawled out of the Indiana's basket to curl up under a tree and smoke a cigar at a safe distance from the balloon. Fisher and Bumbaugh decided to ascend yet again continuing on until just before nightfall. They landed in a mountainous area near Tennessee City on a farm owned by a Mr. Burgess. Burgess and some neighbors helped pull the balloon under control and to the ground. FisherReport062009.pdf4.44 MB
23 June 2008 Search for the cure for tinnitus Millions of people suffer from tinnitus. Scientists are carrying out an extensive research project to investigate the role of the brain in the creation of the unpleasant ringing and buzzing noises in the ear. The aim is to find an effective treatment or even a cure. Supported by a grant of USD2.9 million from the National Institutes of Health, the State University of New York, Buffalo, scientists are to study the brain signals responsible for creating the phantom sounds. “For many years it was thought that the buzzing or ringing sounds heard by people with tinnitus originated in the ear. But by using positron emission tomography, known as PET scanning, to view the brain activity of people with tinnitus, we've been able to show that these phantom auditory sensations originated somewhere in the brain, not in the ear. That changed the whole research approach,” said Richard Salvi, principal investigator. Mapping of brain activity Salvi and colleagues have discovered that when the brain's auditory cortex begins receiving diminished neural signals from the cochlea in the ear, due to injury or age, the auditory cortex ”?turns up the volume,' increasing weak neural signals from the cochlea. Increasing the volume of these weak signals may be experienced as the buzzing, ringing, or hissing characteristic of tinnitus. Currently there is no drug or treatment that can abolish these phantom sounds. One of the major goals of the project is to try to identify the neural signature of tinnitus. The study also involves the use of potential therapeutic drugs to suppress the tinnitus. Source: www.eurekalert.com. Published on hear-it on June 23, 2008. Read more: Get our news about hearing loss Can you pass our hearing test? Try hearing test Listen to hearing loss Get news updates from hear-it How good is your hearing? Can you pass our hearing test ? Try free hearing test
The Ultimate Guide to Hearing Health Damage that occurs to our hearing and our auditory system can be irreversible, and once it happens, it can have devastating effects on our daily lives. Hearing loss has been linked to declines in the quality of our relationships, depression and even other health concerns like heart disease. Over time and as part of the aging process we naturally experience hearing loss at some level, but for the most part, this is a gradual decline that’s not very noticeable. For some people, that decline can happen more dramatically than for others, or it can occur more quickly. While it’s difficult to stop the effects of aging on hearing, there are certain things that we expose our ears to on a daily basis that might cause damage or could lead to more rapid declines in the functionality of our auditory system. So, How Loud Is Dangerous? One question a lot of people have is, “How loud is too loud?” If you work in noisy environments, love to go to concerts, or have been exposed to a loud blast, you may be at risk for noise-induced hearing loss. The human ear is a fragile system, but there are measures that you can take to protect your hearing if you know you will be in a noisy situation. 85 dB SPL, which is about the sound level of heavy city traffic, is considered the upper limit for what is safe for your ears for an extended period of time. Normal conversation usually falls around 60 dB SPL. Beyond 85 dB SPL, you should be careful to wear hearing protection for any amount of time. The higher the noise level, the less time you should be near it without hearing protection. Many people have experienced a temporary hearing loss or ringing in their ears after being exposed to loud noise. This is called a Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS). Image Source: Although it may seem harmless, a TTS is no joke. Over time, this noise exposure will add up to cause permanent damage and irreversible hearing loss. If you’re ever questioning if you should be wearing protection in a noisy environment, chances are, you should. When it comes to your hearing, it is better to be safe than sorry. Hearing protection has advanced so that it comes in many forms, including electronic earmuffs and earplugs made specifically for working, music listening, and recreation. 6 Tips to Protect Your Hearing 1. Use Soundproof Earplugs Many people are exposed to loud noises primarily in the workplace or when they’re participating in recreational activities. Regardless of the specific situation, wearing soundproof earplugs can go a long way in protecting your hearing. Earplugs don’t interfere with your ability to work or enjoy activities, and you can order custom-fitted models as well. There are even certain earplugs that will help you still hear conversations happening around you, but they reduce the noise level overall to protect your ears and hearing. For work and other areas where you might be exposed to excessive noise, you can also consider earmuffs or defenders. These are made out of material that’s specifically designed to block out sound, and it’s typically acoustic foam. 2. Know the Warning Signs Sometimes it can be helpful to know the warning signs that you’ve been exposed to too much sound. That will allow you to remove yourself from a potentially harmful situation if necessary. For example, if you notice that there’s a ringing or buzzing in your ears, you may need to leave the situation where you’re exposed to loud noise. 3. Consider Your Environment While work and certain recreational activities are a big source of noise exposure for many people, your daily environment could be as well. For example, if you live in a big city, you may be regularly exposed to very loud noises without even realizing it. You can wear earplugs when you’re out and about in a big city or something like noise-canceling headphones. 4. Limit How Often You Listen to Loud Music Most of us listen to music regularly, but it is important to be aware of how loudly we’re listening to it. First, if you’re using bone conduction headphones, earbuds, or headphones on a personal listening device, never turn it to a high volume and especially not the max volume. If you’re listening to speakers, be aware that you may get used to listening to it at such a high level that you don’t even notice it anymore. Think about the volume level you keep your music on, and whether or not you could listen to it on a lower level. If you do listen to music on headphones, think about investing in a high-quality pair that will block out background noise and allow you to listen to music at a lower level. A good rule of thumb is to listen to music through headphones or earbuds at no greater than 60 percent volume and for no longer than 60 minutes each day. Earbuds can be especially harmful to your ear health because of where they’re placed, so you may want to skip them and used traditional headphones instead. 5. Get Regular Hearing Checkups and Screenings Just as you take care of other areas of your health and wellness, it’s important to do the same for your hearing. Your primary care doctor can conduct regularly hearing screenings, and that will be a good way to establish a baseline and then ensure that you’re monitoring any hearing loss over time so that you can take steps to help the situation sooner rather than later. Your primary doctor may also recommend you see a specialist if they identify a problem with your hearing or something that could evolve into a problem. 6. Give Your Ears Time to Rest and Recover Our ears and our auditory system are like the rest of our body—they need time to rest and recover. If you’re exposing your ears to loud sounds, consider taking a break every few minutes if possible. For example, if you’re at a loud restaurant, step outside and let your ears rest for a few minutes. If you have a particularly loud night out, your ears may need an average of 16 hours to recover, so have a quiet day following the night out. Summing Up—Protect Your Hearing Protecting your hearing is possible, particularly if you remain vigilant about the situations where your hearing could be most at risk. Whether it’s at work, on the streets of the big city you live in, or at a specific activity such as an auto race or a concert, be proactive about how you protect your ears. Common Questions (and Answers!) Related to Hearing Health What Are Different Types of Hearing Loss? The health of your ears and your hearing isn’t something you might think about, and most people don’t until it’s too late! There are two general categories of hearing loss. The first is conductive and the second is sensorineural. Conductive hearing loss is typically related to obstruction, and it’s often temporary and can be reversed when the condition causing the obstruction is remedied. Sensorineural hearing loss is related to either deterioration from aging, or damage which usually occurs because of over-exposure to loud sounds. The National Institute of Deafness and Communication Disorders reports that of the 31.5 million Americans with hearing loss, around 10 million of them experience impairments because of exposure to loud sounds. It’s estimated that around 17 percent of Americans experience some level of impaired hearing. Understanding the types of hearing loss can be a good starting point if you want to learn how to protect one of your most important assets. What many Americans don’t realize is the level of noise exposure they’re actually surrounded by on any given day, along with the harm this exposure is doing. Can You Prevent Hearing Loss? Preventing hearing loss related to exposure to excessive noise is possible. What happens when our ears are exposed to the noise is that it damages tiny hairs found in our inner ear. In general, there are some things to keep in mind as far as preventing damage to our hearing and eventual hearing loss. The first is that we should be aware of the noises around us and how they’re affecting us. It’s also important to not only be sensitive to the level of noise around you but also to be aware of how to avoid it being damaging. What Is Hearing Loss? Hearing loss is a general term that refers to any situation where your ability to hear is lowered. Hearing loss makes it harder to hear what people are saying and sounds around you. Age is one of the most common reasons for hearing loss. What Causes Hearing Loss? Hearing loss is most often caused by aging, but it can also be caused by noise exposure. Many of us don’t realize how much excessive noise we expose our ears to on a daily basis, which can lead to damage to our auditory systems. Other reasons include diseases and infections. What Causes Temporary Hearing Loss? Temporary hearing loss can be attributed to a number of factors. The most common reason for temporary hearing loss is exposure to loud noises, but an accumulation of ear wax or infections particularly in the middle ear can cause a temporary loss of hearing. How Long Does Temporary Hearing Loss Last? If someone experiences temporary hearing loss because of exposure to loud noise, it usually lasts anywhere from 16 to 48 hours. If hearing loss is related to something like a clogged ear canal or an infection, once the canal is cleared or the infection clears up, your hearing should return. How Long Does Hearing Loss Last After An Ear Infection? An ear infection can lead to inflammation and a buildup of fluid behind the eardrum. If someone has a chronic ear infection, it can lead to hearing loss that’s permanent as well. If someone temporarily loses hearing from an infection, it should go away when the infection does. Is It Possible to Reverse Hearing Loss? It may be possible to reverse hearing loss, but only in specific situations. Sensorineural hearing loss comes from damage to the tiny hairs in the inner ear, and it’s not reversible. Conductive hearing loss which occurs because of an obstruction or damage may be reversible. What Is Noise-Induced Hearing Loss? Noise-induced hearing loss or NIHL is the loss of hearing at some level because of exposure to loud sounds. One example is occupational hearing loss, which stems from noise exposure at the workplace. It can occur because of chronic exposure to loud noises, or because of a sudden high-intensity noise. How to Tell if Hearing Loss Is Temporary or Permanent In many cases, if someone experiences hearing loss it is permanent, but not in all cases. Some reversible examples of hearing loss might occur because of wax buildup in the ear canal, having something stuck in the ear canal, or having a perforation or infection in the eardrum. What Causes Sudden Hearing Loss? Sudden hearing loss can vary in severity and may be temporary or permanent. The specific cause isn’t known, but there are different theories as to what causes it including stress, viral infections, or circulatory disorders. Certain metabolic disorders could cause it, as could autoimmune diseases and thrombosis in the inner ear. What Causes Hearing Loss in One Ear? One of the most common reasons for hearing loss in one ear is an infection. Hearing loss in one ear is called unilateral hearing loss, and it can be temporary or permanent, depending on the cause. If the hearing loss is severe, it can be called single-sided deafness or SSD. What is Sensorineural Hearing Loss? Sensorineural hearing loss occurs because of damage to hair-like cells that are found in the inner ear. There can be different causes of damage-related hearing loss including aging, certain diseases and exposure to loud noises. Certain medications can also lead to sensorineural hearing loss, or it can be genetic. What Is Conductive Hearing Loss? Conductive hearing loss occurs when there’s something that’s affecting how sound waves are conducted through the ear. With conductive hearing loss, sounds can’t make it from the outer ear and through the middle ear to the inner ear. Causes can include infections, fluid in the inner ear, or swimmer’s ear. How Much Hearing Loss Requires a Hearing Aid? Mild hearing loss usually means the quietest sounds heard are between 25 and 40 dB. Moderate hearing loss means the quietest sounds are heard between 40 and 70 dB, and for severe hearing loss, it’s between 70 and 95 dB. In these situations, a person might benefit from a hearing amplifier or a hearing aid. How to Tell If You Have Hearing Loss Signs of hearing loss can include having problems following conversations and listeningto televisions or music at a high volume. You may feel people are mumbling. It can be especially hard to hear in loud environments. A hearing test can be done professionally to determine the extent of hearing loss. What Percent of Hearing Loss Qualifies for Disability? To qualify for disability someone would need a hearing threshold on average of 90 dB or greater in their better ear, and a conduction hearing threshold of 60 dB or greater in the better ear or have a word recognition score of 40 percent or less in the better ear. 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Mentoring your Mind Have you ever thought how important your mind is to your life? Through our minds we create the results in our workplace, care for our families and ponder purpose and meaning in our lives. Arguably the brain is: the biological base for the mind, and is affected by the mental and physical aspects of our lives. It is the control and coordinating centre of the central nervous system, and seat of thought, memory and emotion (Collins Concise Dictionary). But how do we keep the brain and mind creative, healthy and well functioning? If our minds are central to our survival then looking after them, finding out the best way they work, is surely a good idea. Watch your mind for a minute. Does it jump from one idea to the next? Can you slow down this shift in attention, and focus on one thought or idea stream for several minutes? How does your mind do that – either focus or not? Does it matter? What tires your mind? Can you reduce the load and use the brain/ mind’s natural way of working to make life easier, rather than feel that you are battling yourself as well as the rest of the world? Do your emotions sometimes ride a roller-coaster and on other days leave you feeling calm? Can you choose which kind of mental day you will have? Relaxation training is a fundamental technique that provides the basis for mental training, and underpins a range of techniques that help us to better manage our mental states and the attitudes that direct our performance. The art of managing the mind can be developed. As you practice you will find you can let your mind give relaxed attention to the focus for longer….. and that discipline can be used to follow ideas through to their conclusion. Sounds like meditation? Uh huh. Researchers from the University of Queensland and University of California, Berkeley have shown that people who practice mental disciplines, in this case Tibetan Buddhist monks who had undergone 5-54 years of meditative training, can control the flow of information, and focus longer on one image, when compared with untrained and unpractised meditators. The Mentoring the Mind © program developed by Anama Morriss, an Indra Associate, can help you to reduce tension and enjoy the benefits from using your mind. Call us for details of this and other programs.
Explain Why Was Ww1 A Total War 1867 Words8 Pages Why was WW1 a “total war“ ? In this essay, I am going to analyze why War One (28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918) was a total war by emphasizing the economical, military and political and social characteristics of the First World War. These characteristics are part of the definition of a “total war“. A total war is defined as “A war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded“ . A total war consists of a large part of a nation being part of a war and civilians being integrated in the war. This was the case in the First World War, the war which was expected to be a swift one turned out to be a long-lasting war. The economy had to follow the speed of the war and weapons had to be produced rapidly. The working nation was then integrated in the war. “[The] focus of industry is shifted from consumer goods to war goods“ . The First World War became the major focus of many countries as everybody was concerned by the causes of the latter.…show more content… During the entire war, about 100 countries were not neutral, so they participated in the war. Comparing this number to the total number of countries, which is about 180 countries, about 70 countries did not participate in the war. World War One is the first war involving so many countries. Attached is a world map showing the neutral countries (grey), countries belonging to the Entente Powers (green) and the countries belonging to the Central powers More about Explain Why Was Ww1 A Total War Open Document
Florence Nightingale Research Paper 1309 Words6 Pages Florence Nightingale A nurse known ‘ the lamp lady ’ 18th century mathematician May 12, 1820 - August 13, 1910 Florence Nightingale is most remembered as a pioneer of nursing and reformer of hospital sanitation methods. For almost of her ninety years, Nightingale pushed for a change for the better of the British military health-care system and with that Nursing began to be regarded with the respect it deserved. Little do most know, this 18th century nurse had an undeniable impact on mathematical history. Her work still being used frequently today. Florence Nightingale was born on May 12, 1820 in Florence, Italy while her parents were on a European tour. Given her name, Florence, as she was named after the city, Florence, where she was …show more content… Her father taught her Greek, Latin, French, German, Italian, history, philosophy and mathematics, being his favorite subject. And soon liker her father Florence developed a passion for mathematics. Like most upper-class mothers at the time, Frances Nightingale, Florence’s mother expected her daughter to get married, look after a home, and do charitable work. Florence, thought there was more to life than the preaniticipated life of a woman of her upper-class standard and society While growing up, Florence takes care of poor and sick people in the village where she lived. At17, Florence felt God wanted her to be a nurse. In Victorian England, most nurses were under educated and thought lowly of, so her parents did not want her to become a nurse , as they felt she was from too high a level of wealth and social standard. Hospital conditions at that time were terrible. Doctors did operations without any anesthetic, and many people who went to hospitals died. Florence began to visit hospitals. In 1849-50 when she was in Egypt at the time, where two St. Vincent de Paul sisters showed her their hospital in Alexandria. Florence saw that nurses and hospitals in England had so much more potential to be utilized and could achieve higher standards of success and sanitary …show more content… Florence used the money to start the Nightingale Training School for nurses in London. The trained nurses were sent to hospitals all over Britain. They introduced her ideas and trained other under trained nurses. Florence Nightingale never really recovered from the physical strain of the Crimean War. She almost never left home, and she stayed in bed much of the time, but she continued to fight for reform of military hospitals and medical care. She died in London, England on August 13, More about Florence Nightingale Research Paper Open Document
John Proctor Tragic Hero Analysis 777 Words4 Pages The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is categorized as a dramatic tragedy, and all tragedies, by definition, have a tragic hero. So who is that hero? In this story, it would be John Proctor. According to Aristotle there are five characteristics of a tragic hero, he must have a flaw or error of judgement, he must cause his own downfall, he must recognize that he caused his own downfall, he must have pride, and his fate must be greater than he deserved. In this play, John Proctor has all of these characteristics. The easiest trait to determine is Proctor 's downfall. The play ends with Proctors death so it’s easy to say he had a tragic fate, but was it greater than he deserved? In the play we learn two things that John has done wrong. He committed adultery and didn’t attend church often. Cheating on his wife is a very immoral thing to do, but it doesn’t warrant death. By modern standards it would just mean the end of the relationship. Not attending church wouldn’t even be an issue by modern standards. Of course the play took place during puritan times, but it was written in the 1900s, so the typical people who would have watched it wouldn’t have considered them sins punishable by death. John did not deserve to be accused as a witch and executed; he did not deserve his downfall. So what caused Proctor’s downfall? A tragic hero must have caused his own downfall and recognize his own fault. The only reason Proctor was accused of witchcraft was because he got involved in the, Open Document
Metacognitive Skills In Lifelong Learning 813 Words4 Pages Situation Analysis The primary objective of educational institutions is students’ learning, and learning requires using such processes as planning, application of knowledge, monitoring, regulation and reflection (Azevedo, 2009). Aristotle pointed out that the mind uses a different power above and beyond seeing and hearing, thus, laid the foundations for thinking about metacognition (Sandi-Ureña, 2008). Metacognitive skills appear to be highly independent. By means of thorough task orientation, a metacognitively skilled student is likely to focus on relevant information given in the task assignment, necessary for building an adequate task representation. A detailed action plan can be designed. Such an elaborate action plan, containing goals…show more content… Its purpose is to guide instructors in incorporating activities and discussions that will help learners understand how they learn, their strengths and their needs, and to better understand the learning process. Metacognition is the process of thinking about thinking. It is the process of developing self-awareness and the ability to self-assess. It is contemplation about one’s education and learning -- past, present, and future. Since adults are largely self-determining, helping them develop metacognitive skills is an essential element in any program intended to increase their autonomy. The metacognitive skills are presented as a list without reference to level of language skills. Like technology skills, learners’ metacognitive abilities are rarely aligned exactly with their language skills levels. The ability to understand and analyze one’s own learning is especially influenced by educational background and previous experience. The area of metacognition presents a special challenge to instructors at the lowest levels, where learners have higher-order thinking skills in place but lack the communication skills to relay them. It may also be difficult to convey some of the more abstract or complex ideas like goals, strengths, and learning styles without translation. Instructors at the lowest levels often use visual representations of simplified concepts and translation (Brown, 1978; Flavell, 1976, 1979; Glaser, 1990;…show more content… Therefore, metacognition is the higher intellectual ability of an individual to plan, reflect upon, monitor, understand and control his/her learning. It is a process that involves one’s awareness and regulation or control of him/herself (as a learner), the learning style and study habit as well as several other activities involved in his/her own learning so as to attain the set goals (Owo & Ikwut, 2015). Aptitude tests are used for making educational and occupational decisions and for selection and placement in schools, colleges, government, business and industry (Gage & Berliner, 1988; Stuit, 1950; Weber, 1991). Aptitude tests are norm-referenced and do provide information for student counseling and More about Metacognitive Skills In Lifelong Learning Open Document
AUTHOR- Rohan Kumar Singh, Asian Law College & Tanya Sinha, Thakur Ramnarayan College of Law, Mumbai University. 1. Introduction Cyber law refers to law made by government to ensure smooth function of cyberspace. Cyberspace refers to internet, computer, communication technology etc. cyberlaw is formed to deal with problems related to these issues. Cyberlaw is relevantly quite new if we compare it to other laws that are present and it have a very wide scope. Cybercrimes have been growing very rapidly all over the world and in India alone there has been more than 300%-400% growth in cybercrime since last 6-7 years. Thus, cyberlaw is needed to maintain proper functioning of cyberspace. 2. Scope Cyberlaw has a very wide scope and to understand this better let me explain it with an example - if we compare cyber with our IPC we can see how wide scope of cyberlaw is there if a person stole your car then he will be punished under IPC but if that person is not here in Indian then there are not many section in IPC which give power to court to function out of Indian territory but if we look at cybercrimes most of them take place from other country and cyberlaw have a wide scope under which everything is covered. As a cyber lawyer there is a wide scope Infront of us to choose from other then court room and legal firms. After completing cyber law diploma you can go into police department, IT sector, corporate house etc. Cyber law also provide quite good livelihood but it all depend on student’s qualification work experience and which sector the are working in public or private. In general, a cyber law lawyer can earn 6 lakhs annually initially and if a fresher can 15k-20k monthly. 3. Cybercrimes Cyber-crime , also called computer crime, the use of a computer as an instrument to further illegal ends, such as committing fraud, trafficking in child pornography and intellectual property, stealing identities, or violating privacy. Cybercrime, especially through the Internet, has grown in importance as the computer has become central to commerce, entertainment, and government.[1] Cyber space includes computers, networks, softwares, data storage devices (such as hard disks, USB disks), internet, websites, emails and even electronic devices such as cell phones, ATM machines,etc. 4. Cybercrimes i) Any crime with the help of computer or telecommunication technology. ii) Any crime where the computer is used as object or subject. iii) Categories of cyber crimes: iv) Cybercrimes against persons: v) Stalking vi) Loss of privacy vii) Online harassment viii) Sending some obscene material. ix) Cybercrimes against government: x) Cyber terrorism xi) Cyber extortion xii) Hacking government websites. xiii) Computer viruses. xiv) Cybercrimes against property: xv) Copyright xvi) Stealing data and secret information xvii) Unauthorized computer trespassing. Other crimes: i) Logic bombs ii) Spamming iii) Virus, worms, Trojan house iv) E-mail bombing v) E-mail abuse 5. Cyber security- Need of an hour The virtual world of internet is known as cyberspace and the laws governing this area are known as Cyber laws and all the netizens of this space come under the ambit of these laws as it carries a kind of universal jurisdiction. Cyber law can also be described as that branch of law that deals with legal issues related to use of inter-networked information technology. In short, cyber law is the law governing computers and the internet. Cyber law is important because it touches almost all aspects of transactions and activities on and involving the internet, World Wide Web and cyberspace. Every action and reaction in cyberspace has some legal and cyber legal perspectives. Due to advancement in technology the world is becoming more and more digitally sophisticated and so are the crimes related to internet. Since the scope of internet has widen from using it for information, for just communicating with our loved one to paying bills online, establishing e-commerce, e-business. The need for cyber security grew with time. The internet users had to be secured with their personal information, bank account details, transactions, etc. All the legal issues related to internet are dealt by the cyberlaws. i) Cyber law encompasses laws relating to: · Cyber crimes · Electronic and digital signatures · Intellectual property · Data protection and privacy 6. Importance of Cyber law As we have discussed earlier that cybercrime have been rapidly growing and every day, we see many crimes of cyberlaw in today’s time we see more and more crimes related to cyberspace. If we see at the stats of growth of cybercrime, we will realize that in India we need more professional in field of cyberlaw. People can argue that we can use conventional laws to deal with crimes which take place on cyber world like if we take example of cyber bullying a person if being bullied by locals then they can be held liable under conventional laws but if same took place in cyber space then its effect and spread will increase e.g.:- if a dark skin boy is bullied by his fellow classmate then the spread of that action will be in school only but same if take place on cyberspace like on Facebook or Instagram and people who not even know them can also comment and the spread increase due to which its affects also increase and have some serious damage on the victims. Still in these cases we can for once use conventional laws and punish everyone but cyberlaw is required when more serious crimes are committed like data theft now theft is only limited to movable property which can be physically exploited but cyber data as we knows not have any physical shape then in such crime how will the victim get justice. Thus, for crime like these we need cyberlaw as not every aspects of cybercrime is covered by conventional laws. In today’s highly digitalized world almost everyone will be affected by the cyber law. It can be: · People using their debit and credit cards to pay bills online. · Entrepreneurs who have established e-commerce, e-business. · People exchanging messages, emails, personal images and videos, private information. · Almost all transactions of shares are in the demat form. · Even in crimes not related to internet , evidences can be found in the emails, photos, messages, computers in crimes like terrorism, divorce, murder, theft,etc. · Digital signatures and e-contracts have replaced the traditional method of transaction in business.[2] The growth of Electronic Commerce has propelled the need for vibrant and effective regulatory mechanisms which would further strengthen the legal infrastructure, so crucial to the success of Electronic Commerce. All these governing mechanisms and legal structures come within the domain of Cyber law. Cyber law is important because it touches almost all aspects of transactions and activities and on involving the internet, World Wide Web and cyberspace. Every action and reaction in cyberspace has some legal and cyber legal angles. 7. Career Prospects from Cyber law Today, cyber law is one the newest & most successful career in law. There are many career opportunities in the field of Law.This has emerged as one of the demanding career field in the recent times. Cyber law students are great in demand & paid handsome salary.Various organizations hire a cyber lawyer for their expert legal services & advice Some of the career prospects are listed down below: i) Cyber Lawyer Nature of Cyber lawyer The work of a Cyber Lawyer is to prepare, examine and advocate a case for the client involved in a cyber-crime case. It is also a very important aspect of legal training & corporate management. Most popular cyber-crime is hacking person’s personal accounts, cyber terrorism and spread of virus. Various organizations hire a cyber lawyer for their expert legal services & advice. Cyber Lawyer can either be working with a law agency or they can be self-employed. Course and duration Candidates can specialize in cyber law at postgraduate level. Minimum Education needed for admission to the postgraduate courses in law is LLB degree. After the completion of higher secondary education, you can take admission in bachelor’s program of law. Once you have completed your graduation with LLB, you are eligible to pursue LLM course in cyber law. Many short term and long term courses are available offline and online in cyber law. · Diploma in cyber law – (6months-1 year) · B.Tech (Computer science and Engineering)& LLB Hons ( specialisation in Cyber laws) – 6 years · LLM in cyber law – 2 years · Postgraduate certificate in cyber law(PGCCL)- (min-6 months) (max-2 years)[3] ii) Cyber advisor · Building and updating your personalized cyber risk profile · Collecting relevant cyber threat data from a wide range of open and Dark Web sources · Continuously monitoring for cyber risks based on your profile · Relying on a team of intel analysts to conduct in-depth research for specific concerns Nature and Scope With Cyber Advisor, you have visibility of your growing digital risk footprint and know how to address relevant threats before it’s too late. Security advisors are the individuals who consult with businesses to point out the business’s potential security weaknesses, develop security policies and minimize risk to computer systems. They are expected to have a background in security and can obtain degrees in network security and certifications with the International Association of Professional Security. Security advisors provide consultation services to businesses or individuals on the security for a residence or commercial property. In addition to physical security, some advisors or consultants specialize in the security of computers and information systems. A bachelor's degree in a computer or technology-related field is the standard requirement for this position, along with experience in security consulting. Job Description Security advisors evaluate existing security systems to determine the potential risk of a breach. The consultant develops policies and procedures that minimize the risk to properties, employees and computer systems. Consultants may also provide evaluations and assessments in collaboration with sales staff for the security business. These consultants may work independently, providing evaluations on a client's current security system and recommendations for improvements without an affiliation to a security firm or the business that will install the recommended measures. Security consultants may inspect a residence to assist homeowners in finding the best security system to protect the property. Consultants specializing in computer systems may need to have a minimum of a bachelor's degree and certifications in network security. Professional certifications, such as the Certified Information System Security Professional (CISSP) or the Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) designations will enhance job opportunities. Bachelor's degree programs for computer systems security advisors include computer science, information technology or information management. Computer science degree programs include courses in advanced mathematics, programming languages, data structures and computer security. The International Association of Professional Security Consultants offers certification for security professionals. This designation requires experience in security consulting and a minimum of a bachelor's degree.[4] iii) Cyber consultant police department As we have discussed earlier that there is rise in cybercrimes in India there is need of cyber consulted to police department also as nowadays almost every crime which take place have a cyber connection i.e. some form of technology is being used to committee the crime like phone. In every crime phone is one of the most used devices and a cyber consultant can use that device to find and give sensitive information to police for their work In other cases, like spreading hate or pornographic content or other harmful content which can promote public nuisance in cases like these a cyber expert is require as he can help in taking down the wrong content and handle the scenario also they can help to track down who is behind all this. We can further divide this consultant into two parts: a. Internet investigation specialist: Many crimes take place where internet is used as a source of investigation to understand this better let’s take example of a recent case where more than 3lakhs account details of Indian citizen were sold online in dark web. This whole act was committed on cyberspace and to investigate cyber specialist were required. They found that the data was hacked by a Russian hacker using server from other country this was possible to investigate by internet investigation specialist. b. Digital evidence specialist: Digital evidence has a very wide scope it covers the communication records or other form of connection between 2 parties involved in any cyber crime for e.g. there is a very famous case of DPS RK Puram where 2 student recorded there private video which was later uploaded and 1 boy for IIT downloaded that video and sold it to a porn site here all this case was given to cyber cell and there evidence specialist was the one who found the data and removed it. iv) Cyber law lecturer/professor: As we have seen how cyberlaw is becoming more and more used in our day to day life teachers for the same are also very much important because we need to teach children from a very young how to stay safe while using cyberspace as we all know that in today’s world everyone have excess to cyberspace or in easier words we can say internet today even 4-5 year old kids knows how to use phone and children of merely 8-9 years have their own online profiles on Facebook and other side many time young children get caught up in really bad situation due to not using cyberspace with proper precaution and thus cyberlaw should be studied as an important topic from school itself as the world we are living in is changing and soon cyberlaw will be the supreme law. 8. Conclusion Now that we have covered every aspect of cyberlaw its definition, need, importance we would like to conclude this blog with some of our personal suggestion. As we have seen how cyberlaw is becoming very basic law of land to understand this statement if we look back in time we can see earlier society use to function by customs and laws but now our society is changing and we are shifting from our old world to a digital world and thus cyberlaw is getting more and more relevant for us. India as a country still needs to transform from old form of life and regulation to proper digitalization. Cyber-law is a very new form of law as we have discussed and thus there are many aspects of cyberlaw that still need to be discovered and to achieve this cyberlaw should be treated as a fundamental law and everyone should learn at least basic facts about cyberlaw and cyberspace. In the end we can say cyberlaw has a very wide scope and there are numerous profession one can choose after perusing cyberlaw and in general also cyberlaw is getting very basic due to the shift in society and thus everyone should have at least basic knowledge about cyberlaw. REFERENCES- [1] [2] [3] [4] 29 views0 comments ©2020 by LAWSCHOLE. All rights reserved.
In the early, 1980s David Brin wrote the novel, “The Postman,” about an America ravaged by war, economic calamity and a plague. A drifter finds a postman’s uniform and letters and begins delivering them, creating a mail service that he uses to trade for supplies to the small enclaves of Americans he meets, claiming he’s with the fictitious “Restored United States.” In this post-apocalyptic USA, you get to see how his character, Gordon Krantz, just by performing this service, represents a threat to a local powerful militia (the Holnists), who dominate the people of the Pacific Northwest through their terror tactics. Just by allowing people to communicate and trade, across communities, it builds confidence in the people that the old USA can be rebuilt, and they can actually unite against the authoritarian Holnists. A movie adaptation was made in the late 1990s. It was panned for being long and unrealistic, though I’ve read social media posts saying maybe we owe Kevin Costner an apology. The postal service has been at the core of the America, even before the Declaration of Independence. Benjamin Franklin was appointed postmaster general in 1753, and he personally helped supervise the surveying the routes to find the best, most efficient travel paths, while mandating that newspapers be delivered. Like Brin’s novel protagonist, Franklin realized that Americans would become a community if they shared information, news, and trade. His actions alarmed the British monarchy, and he was fired by the them for his colonial sympathies. The Second Continental Congress appointed Franklin to be its first postmaster general in 1775. The postal system he set up helped deliver news, unite the colonies, and communicate our ideas of freedom faster than British ever could correspond, by land or sea. And that’s why the postal system is mandated in Article I, Section 8, Clause 7 of the U.S. Constitution, which empowers Congress to establish postal offices and postal roads. We’ve allowed U.S. soldiers to vote by mail as far back as 1864 during the Civil War, and several states have been conducting entire elections by mail. But there are reports that post office boxes are being removed, and mail sorting machines are being taken away. The post office claims “it cannot guarantee all ballots cast by mail for the 2020 election will be counted.” There are claims that the U.S. Postal Service is “losing money” and “needs to be more efficient,” but it is a government agency. We don’t say the Defense Department or Veterans Administration are losing money (though the latter is also targeted). Removing mail sorting machines doesn’t sound like efficiency to me, either. Now, veterans aren’t getting their medicine, people aren’t receiving their paychecks, and businesses will struggle with bills, while forces mobilize against mail-in voting. In 2016, nearly 40% of Americans cast their ballots by mail or voted early. More than 75% of Americans are from states that allow mail-in voting, and 64% back voting by mail, including 68% of independents. Republicans with a strong history of vote-by-mail for retirees like in Florida back such measures, too. Even the president and first lady request vote by mail. Contact your representative and senator, and demand a postmaster general be more like Franklin, with a system that lets all Americans from states where mail-in voting is legal, regardless of political party, express their right to vote this fall instead of suffering from the machinations of man.
A Brief History of Menstrual Hygiene Ever watched a period drama (the historical kind, not the Carrie kind) and wondered what women wore under all those layers to keep their menstruation in check? Nowadays we have lots of options to choose from, but throughout history, things haven’t always been so easy for us girls. Whether due to lack of medical knowledge, or reluctance to mention ‘unmentionables’, there was undoubtedly a lack of innovation over the years when it came to women’s menstrual cycles. Here, we’re breaking down the menstrual hygiene highlights. Let’s go back to ancient times… The truth is, not much is known about periods in ancient times. It would be fascinating to discover how our ancient sisters handled their business back then, but due to lack of documentation, we may never find out. Most of the people keeping logs of life in ancient times were men, and as you can probably imagine, they either didn’t think it necessary to record it, or they didn’t care to discuss such intimate goings-on with the ladies in their lives. Or perhaps the women didn’t want to. Either way, Bridget Jones's Diary would have come in pretty handy back then. Over the years, however, a few theories have emerged from scientific findings. Some think that women created their own "menstruous rags", as they are referred to in the Bible, and these can be found in varying forms depending on the country of origin. While this theory is still disputed, the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates supposedly referred to small wooden sticks wrapped with soft lint thought to be inserted into the vagina as a sort of early tampon-like device. Similarly, Egyptian women are said to have made tampons from papyrus fibres, while Roman women would weave a tampon using soft cotton. Far more likely is the theory that Roman women lined their undergarments with absorbent cotton pads. Did someone say “period”?! In years gone by - and in cultures all around the world - periods were seldom mentioned, which makes it difficult to track how women, and society in general, viewed them. In 1671, a midwife called Jane Sharp recorded the following note on periods: This fascinating glimpse into the mystery of periods around this time, and their potentially evil nature, allows us to better understand why it took so long for the period products we know now to emerge from the misconceptions and misdirected shame of medieval menstruation, and for centuries after. The term “period” wasn’t actually used in a medical context until 1822, and soon after, society began to understand the necessity of having alternative methods of controlling menstruation other than just bleeding through your clothes, especially if they were going to continue shrouding the subject in secrecy. It was in this century that the Hoosier Sanitary Belt became popular. Much like the name suggests, this contraption was indeed a thick belt that held a washable cloth pad between women’s legs, and yes, it was as uncomfortable and ridiculous as it sounds. More innovation was clearly needed, and so in 1888, Johnson & Johnson brought Lister’s Towels to mass market - the first disposable pad. By far one of the best options available to women at the time, it was surprisingly unsuccessful due to the taboo nature of periods back then. Period products existed, but women couldn’t be discreet enough when buying them. Lister’s Towels sales dwindled. Hello, tampons! Nurses providing care to soldiers during WW1 discovered the miraculously absorbent nature of the cellulose they used to bandage wounds, and soon began using this cheap and easily disposable material to absorb period blood. The very same material was used to create the first commercially available sanitary pad, which became a popular choice for many women. Still, a more streamlined way of collecting menstrual blood was thought up in 1929, when Dr. Earle Haas developed the first official applicator tampon, and a new way of handling monthly menstruation was born. Over the next 50 years, various versions of the tampon emerged, and designs continued to improve. Menstrual marvels Finally, it was time for something even more discreet. In 1950, O.B. launched their applicator-free tampons in Europe, which became hugely popular due to their smaller size. This meant they were easy to carry around unnoticed in a handbag. The road to perfect period products didn’t always go smoothly, however. In the 1970s, consumer goods corporation Procter & Gamble launched what they deemed the “world’s most absorbent tampon”, made from a synthetic material that could supposedly be inserted and left in the vagina for the length of an entire period. Today we know how dangerous this can be. The company spent 5 years dealing with over 800 cases of TSS (toxic shock syndrome), and P&G wisely pulled them off the shelves. Yikes! Believe it or not, all this time (and even as recently as the 1980s) the Hoosier belt was still in circulation, although by the 80s it had almost completely vanished, with most women preferring new pads with sticky strips that made them easy to attach to the inside of underwear. Modern menstruation Sanitary products today are so much safer and more effective than their historical counterparts, and with periods more widely accepted and talked about, more innovative designs and safer materials are being implemented, much to the delight of us women. Though it’s not the case yet in some parts of the world, and the fight against period poverty continues, menstrual hygiene products continue to advance. Women are now more free than ever before, and can become more empowered to live life without periods holding them back. What do you think of our history of sanitary products? Do you know of an interesting historical fun fact you’d like to share? We’re all ears over on Instagram @itsyoppie!
Growing Veggies And Fruit Organically: Tips And Tricks Indoor Plants Indoor plants have been bred over time to thrive in temperatures that are characteristic of a home. Most indoor plants like to be in about 70 degree temperatures, plus or minus 5 degrees. They need this type of warm temperature in order to grow. If there are times during the year when you would prefer not to have the temperature that high, another solution you can utilize is to purchase heat lamps for your organic plants. Before planting any perennials, you have to make the ground ready. Turn over the soil in your garden so it will be soft and easy to plant before spreading wood chips around your garden. Wait two weeks, then dig in and plant the new perennials. Green Plant Material Use equal parts dried and green plant material for your own compost. Green plant material can include old flowers, fruit waste, grass clippings, vegetable waste, and leaves. Your dried material can be things such as sawdust, paper shreds, wood shavings, straw and cardboard. Certain substances will undermine your composting efforts and cancel out any benefits; these include meat, charcoal, ash or plants that have diseases or fungal growths. Ruffle the seedlings carefully with a piece of soft cardboard or your hands twice a day. This probably sounds like an odd recommendation, but research has shown that this technique encourages more plant growth, than no petting at all. Take the season and weather conditions into account when determining how much water to give your plants. The amount of water you use each time should be dependent on the water quality, the soil type and what time of day you are doing it. Avoid watering leaves in a warm and humid climate to prevent leaf fungus from appearing. Instead, keep the root system well-watered. Rotate your garden annually. Keeping plants that belong to the same family in the same place can eventually spark fungus growth and disease. These diseases can build up in the soil, reinfecting your plants the next year. By mixing up your plants and planting them in different areas, you’ll be using a natural way to keep away any fungus and other diseases. Plant your own garlic with organic methods. Plant garlic cloves individually. Do this in early spring or during the fall in moist and well drained soils. Plant the cloves one to two inches beneath the soil about four inches apart and with the pointed end up. Green garlic can be cur directly from the plant and used in a pinch instead of scallions or chives. The bulbs are ready to harvest when the tops start to turn brown. Allow the sun to dry out the bulbs for a few days until the skin gets hard. Finally, store the garlic in an area with low temperatures like a pantry, either by themselves or tied into bunches.
[21] They also dive less often than breeding penguins. [29], The ecosystem of the Humboldt current is affected by the El Niño phenomenon. El pingüino de Humboldt, Spheniscus humboldti, es un ave no voladora que habita en el Océano Pacífico a lo largo de la costa oeste de Sudamérica en Chile y Perú la que es recorrida por la Corriente de Humboldt o Peruana, desde los 5º a los 41º 55′ grados de latitud sur. El pingüino de Humboldt vive en América del Sur, a lo largo de la costa del Pacífico. Habita en el Océano Pacífico a lo largo de la costa oeste de Sudamérica en Perú y Chile la que es recorrida por la Corriente de Humboldt o Peruana, desde los 5º a los 41º 55' grados de latitud sur. [22], The Peep is given by chicks begging for food. [27][28][24] If pairs lose their eggs during the first breeding season, they lay a new clutch within 1–4 months. Según datos del Zoológico Metropolitano, hoy ese número se redujo a casi un tercio. [28], Humboldt penguins are sedentary during the breeding season, staying in proximity to their nests and show fidelity to breeding site. [15] In Chile, the most important breeding colony is at Isla Chañaral. [14], The estimated energetic demands of the total Humboldt penguin population during breeding season sums up to 1,400 tons of fish. Peru's largest colony faces the prospect of a major new industrial port in close proximity to the country's largest colony, at Punta San Juan. [17] The maximum depth reached is 54m.[14]. Oil spills have previously impacted some colonies. [30] The surviving population in 1984 was estimated to be between 2,100 and 3,000 penguins and all were adults. Rats, feral cats and dog attacks threaten some colonies. El pingüino de Humboldt (Spheniscus humboldti) es una especie de ave no voladora esfenisciforme de la familia Spheniscidae. Historically, the Humboldt penguin population was impacted by the extraction of guano from their breeding colonies, which reduced the available habitat for burrowing and nesting. También se encuentran en las regiones de Tierra del Fuego, Islas Malvinas y Galápagos. [24], The Humboldt penguin lay eggs from March to December, but also with peaks in April and August–September, due to individuals having a second clutch. [22], The Haw is a short call given by juveniles alone in the water and by paired birds when one is on the water and the other is on land. Los campos obligatorios están marcados con * Comentario. [20] There are no differences in the contribution to provisioning from the male and female parents. They have a fleshy-pink base to the bill. [13], The Humboldt penguin feeds predominantly on pelagic schooling fish. [41] Both Peru and Chile have implemented the CITES under national law. Dentro de las características del ping… [22], The Courtship Bray is similar to the Bray, however a different posture is assumed and is given synchronously by pairs during the pre-laying period: the birds stand together pointing their necks and head up, with flippers out to the side. They have blackish-grey upperparts and whitish underparts, with a black breast-band that extends down the flanks to the thigh. Los estudiantes de segundo año, a cargo de la profesora Claudia Aldoney, hicieron hermosas maquetas junto a sus familias. ... Preguntar. [14], The historical breeding sites of this species are burrows on guano layers. It is not known whether the animal had escaped from a private collection or whether it was a vagrant but the local zoo's population was fully accounted for. Censo de pingüinos de Humboldt Censo de pingüinos de Humboldt Localizar, caracterizar y cuantificar las colonias de pingüino de Humboldt presentes en el área comprendida entre la XV y X Regiones de Chile, para obtener una estimación poblacional de esta especie a nivel nacional [28] Chicks are semi-altricial and nidicolous and guarded by one parent while the other forages. [26] Their sex can be determined via head width and bill length; the male has a longer bill than the female. The oldest penguin at Woodland Park Zoo and one of the oldest penguins in North America, Mr. Sea was euthanized after a decline in activity and appetite. Endangered Species Act. During the El Niño, upwelling of nutrient-rich bottom water in the south-eastern Pacific Ocean is depressed, as well as sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) value increases. (2003). [17] Northern colonies consume primarily garfish, whilst southern populations primarily consume anchovy, Araucanian herring and silver-side. Pingüino Rey: alimentándose de pequeños peces y crustáceos. [14] Humboldt penguins expend more time and energy foraging as SSTA increases. [42] Chile implemented a 30-year hunting ban in 1995 forbidding hunting, transport, possession and commercialisation of penguins.[42]. [22], The Bray is a long call used to attract a mate and advertise a territory during the pre-laying and pre-hatching periods. Public. Juveniles have dark heads and no breast-band. Updated about 11 months ago. Respuesta:El pingüino de Humboldt se distribuye en las costas de Chile y Perú; las colonias más grandes se localizan en Punta San Juan y en isla Chañaral. [28][24] Half of the females successfully have two clutches per year and most were double broods. [27] The guano, a rich fertiliser and source of income for the Peruvian Government, and eggs of the Humboldt penguin were regularly sought after. In 2017, Andes Iron proposed to construct a mineral export port near the Humboldt Penguin National Reserve in Chile's Coquimbo region. [36] Andes Iron challenged the decision,[37] and environmental approval for the Dominga mine and Cruz Grande port project was eventually granted. [22] A higher density of penguins leads to more territorial and aggressive behaviours, which leads to more Yells. [33] Norway rats and black rats also predate on eggs. [24] They breed immediately after moulting, when food is abundant and solar radiation is reduced. The Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) is a South American penguin living mainly in the Pingüino de Humboldt National Reserve in the North of Chile, although its habitat comprises most of coastal Chile and Peru. [26], During courtship, the Humboldt penguins bow their heads to each other and exchange mutual glances with each eye, alternatively. [11] Humboldt penguins need up to half an hour to recover to normal heart rates after human approach, however, this time decreases with repeated visitation. Deja una respuesta Cancelar la respuesta. 80% of the world's population lives in the protected areas of the Northern Chilean regions III and IV, This page was last edited on 29 November 2020, at 15:17. [53] The penguin, known only by its number (337), was recaptured by the zoo keepers in late May 2012. [12] The decline of the Humboldt penguin population is attributed to the harvest of guano in the 1800s, which led to the destruction of breeding grounds and to human disturbance. [14] Chicks are fed only once every day. The Humboldt Penguin Slides for Survival - Duration: 1:14. Tu dirección de correo electrónico no será publicada. It is vagrant in Ecuador and Colombia. The decision was welcomed by tour operators and environmentalists. The colony of 800 birds at Cachagua was exposed to two oil spill events in 2015-16. ... Como dibujar un pingüino paso a paso \| How to draw a Penguin - Duration: 2:20. nahmrs323 nahmrs323 hace 2 semanas Administración Primaria +5 pts. El reconocimiento mundial que ha tomado la costa de la comuna de La Higuera, en Coquimbo, no es casual. [42], Peruvian legislation categorises the species as endangered and prohibits the hunting, possession, capture, transportation and export of the bird for commercial purposes. [28] The incubation shifts last, on average, 2.5 days, before one parent takes over and allows the other to forage. [43] Most penguins breed within protected areas. [41] It is categorised as vulnerable due to extreme population size fluctuations, clustered distribution and the major threats to the species not being ameliorated over time. UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme). The proposal was rejected on the grounds that the environmental impact would be unacceptable. [22], The Throb is a soft call between pairs at the nest, used by incubating birds when their mates return to the nest. [22] It has significant individual variation in duration and frequency. [18] Humboldt penguins leave their islands for foraging after sunrise and different populations have different preferred foraging distances from the colony. [22] When calling, the bird points its head upwards and flaps its flippers slowly when calling. Humboldt penguins are medium-sized penguins, growing to 56–70 cm (22–28 in) long and a weight of 3.6-5.9 kg (8-13 lbs). [54], In 1953, a Humboldt penguin was found in The Bronx, USA. [30][14] Massive mortality, especially of juveniles, nest desertion and lack of reproduction occurs. [4] It is a migrant species.[4]. [12][28] They also nest at few Peruvian islands where true soil can be found for digging. [39], The historical breeding grounds for the Humboldt penguin were guano layers which covered islands of the Peruvian and northerly Chilean coasts in which the birds could burrow. [20] Fish are mostly seized from below through short, shallow dives. [19] They spend more time foraging during overnight trips. [11] Cumulative stress by frequent visits and delayed return of foraging partners leads to nest desertion, consequently causing decreased breeding success at frequently visited sites. [27] Nests of the Humboldt penguin can also be found at caverns, hollows, cliff tops, beaches and scrapes covered by vegetation. Humboldt penguins nest on islands and rocky coasts, burrowing holes in guano and sometimes using scrapes or caves. Endangered Species Act Protection, "Penguins put $2.5 billion mining project in Chile on ice", "Farewell, Mr. Sea: Our beloved, oldest penguin passes away", Fugitive penguin 337 spotted alive in Tokyo Bay, "Tokyo keepers catch fugitive Penguin 337", "Bronx Man Finds Penguin on Doorstep (1953)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humboldt_penguin&oldid=991339132, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Distribution of the Humboldt penguin. If an individual comes too close to an adult Humboldt penguin, the Yell is a warning call which is followed by pecking or chasing if ignored. [8] The Humboldt penguin has been known to live in mixed species colonies with the Magellanic penguin in at least two different locations at the south of Chile. [28][14] Their breeding schedule is adjusted depending on the abundance of food. [9] The connection of the island to the mainland also led to the movements of mammals onto the island. [3] The current population is composed of 32,000 mature individuals and is going down. [11], Both the Humboldt penguin and the Humboldt current were named after Alexander von Humboldt. ", 10.1675/1524-4695(2004)027[0368:HPCOIC]2.0.CO;2, "Humboldt penguins outmanoeuvring El Nino", 10.23943/princeton/9780691139821.003.0006, "Comparison of the vocal repertoires of captive Spheniscus penguins", 10.1675/1524-4695(2003)026[0129:sothpi]2.0.co;2, "Patterns of Egg Laying and Breeding Success in Humboldt Penguins (Spheniscus Humboldti) at Punta San Juan, Peru", "Sex determination of adult humboldt penguins using morphometric characters", World Conservation Monitoring Centre report on the status and conservation of the Humboldt penguin, "Sea World's Split Personality (penguins, 1991)", "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Spheniscus humboldti", "Penguins force suspension of $2.5bn mining project", "Andes Iron to fight for US$2.5B project", "Chilean authorities eye controversial Cruz Grande port project", "Andes Iron and Chilean ME enter conciliation process over $2.5-billion project", "Humboldt Penguin (Spheniscus humboldti)", Five Penguins Win U.S. Humboldt penguin during moult at the Cornish Seal Sanctuary, Humboldt Penguins at Jijamata Udyaan, Mumbai, India. [11] Passing at a 150m distance from an incubating Humboldt penguin provokes a response, which is the greatest response distance reported for penguins to date, making it the most timid penguin species so far studied. Entre los ‘80 y los ‘90, la población de los pingüinos de Humboldt que habitaba el islote Pájaro Niño, en la Región de Valparaíso, era de alrededor de 1.600 ejemplares. [34] Feral cats and dogs consume chicks, fledgelings and adult Humboldt penguins.[33]. [29][14] They are a true migrant between Peru and Chile. [12], The Humboldt penguin is a top predator endemic to the west coast of South America. [9] The feral goats browse the vegetation the penguins use to build their nests and they can lead to collapse to dirt burrows. [27] The majority of penguins breed on cliff tops. In addition to their home waters near South America, Humboldt penguins can be found in zoos all around the world, including Spain, Germany,[46] India, Ireland,[47][48] Japan,[49] the United Kingdom,[50] the United States[51] and other locations. Contestada Hábitos del pingüino de Humboldt ayudaa xffff 2 The function of its calls are consistent among Spheniscus species. Failed breeders take longer foraging trips with longer and deeper dives. He was 2 months short of his 32nd birthday. He has 12 viable grandchicks, great-grandchicks, and great-great grandchicks. Reserva Nacional Pingüino de Humboldt, las islas Choros y Chañaral se destacan como importantes centros de nidificación de la especie. [9][10], The Humboldt penguin has become a focus of ecotourism over the last decades. Hábitat: Spheniscus humboldti es eminentemente marina, de hábitos costeros, anida en islotes cercanos a la costa, rara vez en el continente. The Humboldt penguin has different calls that it uses to communicate in different ways. It is known in Peru as the "pajaro-niño", which translates to "baby-bird", due to their waddling gait and flightless wings held out suggesting the image of an infant toddling on the beach. They have spines on their tongue which they use to hold their prey. [56], A pair "kissing" at Cotswold Wildlife Park. The species is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN with no population recovery plan in place. [30][12], Before the 1982-83 El Niño event, the total number of individuals of Humboldt penguin individuals was estimated to be 20,000. El pingüino de Humboldt es un ave que no tiene la capacidad para volar por lo que a través de su evolución su cuerpo se adaptó naturalmente para nadar y sumergirse a grandes profundidades. Son animales muy queridos que sin duda despiertan simpatía por su forma de moverse. [24] The feathers are lost and replaced within 2 weeks. El pingüino de Humboldt (Spheniscus humboldti) es una especie de ave no voladora esfenisciforme de la familia Spheniscidae. A further example of this kind of behavior came in 2014, when Jumbs and Kermit, two Humboldt Penguins at Wingham Wildlife Park, became the center of international media attention as two males who had pair bonded a number of years earlier and then successfully hatched and reared an egg given to them as surrogate parents after the mother abandoned it halfway through incubation. [30] The combination of an environment changed by human developments as well as the long duration and strong intensity of the event that year led to major effects on the fecundity and survival of the Humboldt penguins. [16] Their foraging rhythm depends on the light intensity. Oceana was one of the non-governmental organisations lobbying for the rejection of the port proposal. Iniciar sesión. [30] The 1982-83 El Niño phenomenon led to a major decline in the Humboldt penguin population. [27] In the ecstatic display to attract a partner, the bird extends its head vertically, collapses its chest, flaps its wings and emits a loud call resembling the braying of a donkey. Publicado el 5 mayo, 2017 5 mayo, 2017 Tamaño completo 490 × 490. [11][19], The introduction of feral goats on the Puñihuil islands had a detrimental impact on the Humboldt penguin population. Distribución del pingüino de Humboldt. [52], One of the 135 Humboldt penguins from Tokyo Sea Life Park (Kasai Rinkai Suizokuen) thrived in Tokyo Bay for 82 days after apparently scaling the 4-metre-high wall and managing to get through a barbed-wire fence into the bay. [30], Humboldt penguins were given legal protection in 1977 by the Peruvian Government and listed in Appendix I of the Convention of International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES). Viana et al, Marine Ornithology 42: 153–159 (2014)", "The IUCN red list of threatened species retrieved April 2019", "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Humboldt Penguin", "Humboldt Penguin - Spheniscus humboldti: WAZA: World Association of Zoos and Aquariums", "Humboldt penguins from the International Penguin Conservation Web Site", "Description of a mixed-species colony of Humboldt (Spheniscus humboldti) and Magallanic Penguin (S. magellanicus) at Metalqui Island, Chiloé, southern Chile", "Physiological and reproductive consequences of human disturbance in Humboldt penguins: The need for species-specific visitor management", "Habits and economic relations of the guano birds of Peru", "Humboldt Penguin Census on Isla Chañaral, Chile: Recent Increase or Past Underestimate of Penguin Numbers? Muy raramente se han encontrado ejemplares divagantes en las costas del Pacífico de Ecuador, Colombia y Panamá, En los últimos años sus poblaciones se han reducido drásticamente a consecuencia de la escasez de lugares de nidificación, reducción en la oferta de alimentos, depredación por parte del hombre y, sobre todo, el impacto de fenómenos climáticos severos, como El Niño. [32], Humboldt penguins are extremely sensitive to human presence, with little habituation potential. A dif… 1. El pingüino de Humboldt vive en América del Sur, a lo largo de la costa del Pacífico. Great Big Story 48,692 views. Información y características principales: - El pingüino es un ave marina típica del Polo Sur, principalmente de la región antártica. As of August 2018, the species is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, noting a declining population of 32,000 mature adults. [45] Climate change, commercial overfishing of main prey species (sardines and anchovy) and bycatch in commercial and artisanal fisheries are all contributing factors in the species' decline. [23][24] Humboldt penguins are confined to land until they finish moulting. [31] This makes them susceptible to changes in prey availability due to overfishing. [17], The Humboldt penguin is a visual hunter. [55], In 2009 at the Bremerhaven Zoo in Germany, two adult male Humboldt penguins adopted an egg that had been abandoned by its biological parents. [17] The Humboldt penguin depends on commercially exploited, schooling prey species[17] including anchovies. [22], Most penguins moult between mid-January and mid-February, however the initiation varies with latitude and favourable conditions such as food abundance. [16] The consumption of cephalopods and crustaceans vary between populations. [14][28] They can cover large distances, particularly in response to food shortages or changes in environmental conditions. [38] If constructed, the Dominga complex will include an open pit copper mine, processing facility, desalination plant and port. [17] They are also susceptible to entanglement in fishing nets. The Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) is a South American penguin living mainly in the Pingüino de Humboldt National Reserve in the North of Chile, although its habitat comprises most of coastal Chile and Peru.
What are the common faults of plate heat exchangers The plate heat exchanger has the characteristics of high heat transfer coefficient, small pressure drop, compact structure, light weight, small spacecommon faults of plate heat exchangers occupation, convenient combination of area and process, strong versatility of parts, wide choice of materials and easy realization of large-scale production. It has beed widely used in food, machinery, metallurgy, petrochemical and shipbuilding, and become the leading heat exchange equipment in urban central heating projects. In order to ensure the normal operation of the plate heat exchanger and prolong the service life of key components (such as plates and pads), it is particularly important to understand the failures of the plate heat exchangers. What are the common faults of plate heat exchangers? (1) External leakage, mainly manifested as leakage (not large amount, water droplets are discontinuous) and leakage (large amount, continuous water droplets). The main part of the external leakage is the seal between the plate and the plate, the two sealing leaking groove parts of the plate and the inner side of the end plate and the pressing plate. (2) The heating temperature cannot meet the requirements. The main feature is that the outlet temperature is too low to meet the design requirements. (3) The pressure drop is large, the pressure drop of the medium inlet and outlet exceeds the design requirements, and even higher than the design value many times, which seriously affects the system's requirements for flow and temperature. In the heating system, if the pressure drop on the hot side is too large, the primary side flow will be seriously insufficient, that is, the heat source is insufficient, and the secondary side outlet temperature cannot meet the requirements.
The stars of late summer Posted on Friday, August 31st, 2012 Aster x frikartii 'Monch'If your summer blooms are fading and the autumn seems to be rather a drab prospect, why not roll out the red carpet for some real star plants? Asters, or Michaelmas daisies, are reliable, mainly perennial plants which provide much needed colour in the late summer and autumn. To celebrate these late, but very welcome, bloomers, we thought we’d share with you our top 10 interesting facts about asters… 1. Virgil wrote about asters in his poem the Georgics (book 4) which was completed around 29BC. He described the plant in some detail; “A flower, too, there is in the meadows, which farmers have called amellus, a plant easy for searchers to find, for from a single clump it lifts a vast growth. Golden is the disk, but in the petals, streaming profusely round, there is a crimson gleam amid the dark violet. Often with its woven garlands have the gods’ altars been decked; its flavour is bitter to the tongue; shepherds cull it in meadows cropped by the flock, and by Mella’s winding streams. This plant’s roots you must boil in fragrant wine, and set for food at their doors in full baskets.” 2. Asters generally have 21 petals (or “ray flowers”), which many view as an example of the frequent appearance in nature of numbers from the Fibonacci sequence. 3. What’s in a name? Well, the genus name Aster is the ancient Greek for ’star’ and refers to the shape of the flowerhead. Following DNA research the North American species of asters are now categorised under the Symphyotrichum genus, so Aster novi-belgii is now Symphyotrichum novi-belgii and Aster lateriflorus is now Symphyotrichum lateriflorum. The aster’s common names include Michaelmas daisy and starwort. The name ‘Michaelmas daisy’ originated around the time of the introduction of the Gregorian calendar. At this point Michaelmas Day, the feast day of St Michael the Archangel, was brought forward to the 29th September, when the aster is flowering. Traditionally asters were worn to church or school on that day. The epithet ’starwort’ is derived from the Old English ‘wort’, which originally meant ‘root’, and was adapted to mean any plant which has medicinal benefits. 4. During the Hungarian revolution of the 31st October 1918 protesters in Budapest wore asters and the events of that day subsequently became known as the ‘Aster revolution’. 5. The first aster to be cultivated in the UK was the native Aster tripolium, which was grown for ornamental, culinary and medicinal use in Cornwall. In 1596 Aster amellus (so called because it grew along the river Mella in Italy) was grown in the Holburn Physic Garden by John Gerard. In the USA, in the 17th century, Aster tradescantii (now Symphyotrichum tradescantii) was discovered by John Tradescant, who brought it back to the UK and from which he cultivated A. novae-belgii and A. novae-angliae (now Symphyotrichum novae-belgii and S. novae-angliae). 6. Asters have had many practical uses over time. Records dating back to around AD200 show that Aster tataricus was being cultivated in China; its roots were used medicinally for treating chronic bronchitis and tuberculosis. Native Americans smoked dried aster roots. Tea made from the roots is said to be useful in treating fevers. Yellow dye can be produced from the stems, flowers and leaves of asters. 7. Historically asters have had other, non medicinal, uses. They were laid on the graves of French soldiers to symbolise that they wished things had worked out differently and the smell of burning asters will, apparently, ward off serpents. 8. Asters are said to symbolise love and daintiness. They are the ‘birth flower’ for September. 9. When you look at an aster flowerhead you’re not just looking at one flower, but many. Each one of the long petals is actually a flower (“ray flowers”) plus the central disk is also made up of many tiny flowers all bunched together (“disk flowers”). This is a ‘composite’ flower arrangement which is common to all plants within the Asteraceae family. The individual flowers open sequentially, in an inward-moving spiral pattern. The varied opening times mean that different flowers are fertilised by different pollen to promote variety. This evolutionary strategy has been very successful for the Asteraceae family which grows abundantly and is the second most diverse plant family with around 22,000 different species. 10. One legend explaining why the aster received this name (other than because of the star-like shape of the flowers) is that the plant arose when the Greek goddess of justice, innocence and purity, Astraea, became unhappy at the corruption on Earth and decided to dwell in the stars as the constellation Virgo. Depending on the version you read, she either looked at the Earth and cried because she couldn’t see any stars, or she wept for the two lost and lonely humans who remained after Zeus flooded the Earth in his anger at the sins of man. In both stories the aster flower then grew out of the soil where her tears fell. The aster shown is Aster x frikartii ‘Mönch’.
Understanding the growth of financial indices Vie, 09/25/2020 - 12:26 -- anegrete Humanity is facing the worst economic crisis on record since 1872 while major financial indices are at all-time highs. Is the real economy devalued from the financial markets? What does this mean? A financial index refers to the stock market's general state, usually constructed by weighting changes in stock prices. Among the most famous indexes are the Dow Jones, which lists the 30 largest capitalized companies in the US and the S&P500, a key indicator for many years, considering the 500 most relevant companies listed on the US stock market and reflecting the market situation. It usually reflects expected company earnings. However, because of how this index is constructed, it is sensitive to the high corporate capitalisation concentration. Currently, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft, and Alphabet (Google) represent almost a quarter of the stock market capitalization value. They account for a large part of the index's growth. When observing the relationship between the S&P 500 and the US GDP, it is evident how the growth of the index exceeded the development of the product and the adjustments that took place during the dotcom crisis (2000) and the financial crisis of 2008. A more detailed look at the stock market shows the expectations in specific sectors and the changes in the economic and productive structure. It is evident when taking into account the constituent parts of the S&P 500 by industry. The index as a whole shows a growth of 13% per year during the same period in which Apple doubled its market value, becoming the company with the largest capitalization in history, exceeding two trillion dollars (South Corea’s GDP in PPP). The information technology industry achieved an advance of 40% so far this year, significantly the internet's component has increased by 42%. In contrast, the banking industry, experienced a 32% contraction in their share value, where banks face increases in non-performing loans and profit reductions. However, it differs from the shares of those operating in the capital markets, that have found almost no price variation in price. The industrial sector presents a variation close to -6%, contrary to the retail sales industry and food and drinks consumption, where a 14% increase happened. Similarly, in the face of restrictions on tourism and the closure of work centres, the transport sector faces a slight loss of -4%, compensated by the courier companies. Still, the aerospace sector is facing a reduction of -20%. The most dramatic fall occurred in the energy sector with a loss of -45 %, an effect expected after observing a negative price on oil futures contracts in April. The oil and gas exploration and extraction companies lost -52% of their share price and dragged down the industry that produces machinery and services for oil extraction, which expressed a loss of more than 60%. Exxon, which entered the index in 1928 and was the oil company with the largest capitalization in 2013, left the Dow Jones index within these movements. It shows the loss of relevance of oil as the most critical energy input and its future. At the same time, clean energy companies increased their share price by 43%. After the March crash and the Federal Reserve's bailout, there is excess liquidity in the market, which the significant investment funds placed where it pays off positively. It results in a high concentration of market capitalization that drives the index, providing the appearance of a boom. The increase in the index does not reflect the dynamics of the economy as a whole. Technology and the internet lead the index growth, while the change in the energy matrix and the expected transition in energy consumption and production are addressed. Tema de investigación: Arquitectura financiera
Monday, January 5, 2009 Antarctic Mountains Causing Ozone Depletion Here is an interesting article about ozone depletion in Antarctica. The new research suggests that the Antarctic mountains are contributing to the ozone depletion and I guess why the ozone hole is in that region. The mountains cause high clouds called polar stratospheric clouds to be formed, which is supposedly the only way ozone depletion is caused (i.e. only on the surface of these clouds or due to these clouds). No comments:
Quick Answer: What Are The 4 Types Of Muscles? What parts of the body are useless? How do I regain lost muscle and strength? Is tongue a muscle? How many muscles does it take to smile? 17 musclesThere are 43 muscles in the face, most of which are controlled by the cranial nerve (facial nerve). Seventeen of those muscles are used when you smile, and 43 of them are working when you frown. What are the types of muscles? How many types of muscles are in the human body? What is the smallest muscle in the body? What’s the strongest muscle in the body? Is brain a muscle? Although your brain isn’t a true “muscle,” its complex cellular structure and grey and white matter do function in a similar way to “training” your body’s muscles. What muscles make you bigger? The “delts” are the big, compound shoulder muscles that include the front, middle and rear deltoids. They go nicely with the chest, arm and back muscles to give that powerful upper-body look. Bulk them out with overhead presses, front raises, upright rows, or an incline press. That’s what they’re there for. What are the 6 major types of muscles? StructureComparison of types.Skeletal muscle.Smooth muscle.Cardiac muscle.Smooth muscle.Cardiac muscle. What are the differences between the 3 types of muscles? While skeletal muscles are arranged in regular, parallel bundles, cardiac muscle connects at branching, irregular angles, called intercalated discs. Striated muscle contracts and relaxes in short, intense bursts, whereas smooth muscle sustains longer or even near-permanent contractions.
Frequently Asked Questions What is dengue fever and severe dengue? Dengue is a vector-borne disease transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito. There are 4 serotypes of the virus that causes dengue. These are known as DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3,and DEN-4. Severe dengue is a potentially lethal complication which can develop from dengue infections.It is estimated that there are over 50-100 million cases of dengue worldwide each year and 3 billion people living in dengue endemic countries. Where does the disease occur? Dengue is mainly transmitted by a mosquito (Aedes aegypti) and is distributed across all tropical countries now Pakistan is also amongst the affected countries. Ae. aegypti and other species such as Ae. albopictus are highly adaptive and their combined distribution can spread dengue during summer, particularly, after monsoon. (Note: Travelers already infected with the virus also spread the disease when they get bitten by the local Aedes mosquito population). Dengue outbreaks can occur anytime, as long as the mosquitoes are still active. However, in general, high humidity and temperature are conditions that favor mosquito survival, increasing the likelihood of transmission. What are the symptoms of dengue fever and severe dengue? Dengue causes flu-like symptoms and lasts for 2-7 days. Dengue fever usually occurs after an incubation period of 4-10 days after the bite of the infected mosquito. High Fever (40°C/ 104°F) is usually accompanied by at least two of the following symptoms: • Headaches • Pain behind eyes • Nausea, vomiting • Swollen glands • Joint, bone or muscle pains • Rash What is Severe dengue (Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever)? • Severe abdominal pain • Persistent vomiting • Bleeding gums • Vomiting blood • Rapid breathing • Fatigue/ restlessness When severe dengue is suspected, the person should be rushed to the emergency room or to the closest health care provider as it causes:Plasma leaking that may lead to shock and/or fluid accumulation with/without respiratory distress; • Severe bleeding • Severe organ impairment What is the treatment for dengue? There is no vaccine or specific medication for dengue fever. Patients who are already infected with the dengue virus can transmit the infection via Aedes mosquitoes after the first symptoms appear (during 4-5 days; maximum 12). As a precautionary approach, patients can adopt measures to reduce transmission by sleeping under a treated net especially during the period of illness with fever. Infection with one strain will provide life-time protection only against that particular strain. However, it is still possible to become infected by other strains and develop into severe dengue. When warning signs of severe dengue are present (listed above), it is imperative to consult a doctor and seek hospitalization to manage the disease. With proper medical care and early recognition, case-fatality rates are below 1%. However, the overall experience remains very discomforting and unpleasant. What should I do if I suspect I have dengue? • Evaluate your signs and symptoms; • Test your blood for evidence of a dengue virus; • Review your medical and travel history. Persons who had travelled to dengue endemic countries/cities during the past two weeks should inform the doctor about it. What should I do if I suspect I have dengue? • Evaluate your signs and symptoms; • Test your blood for evidence of a dengue virus; • Review your medical and travel history. Who spreads dengue and severe dengue? Where do the mosquitoes breed? The mosquitoes thrive in areas close to human population (urban areas). The dengue mosquito lays its eggs in water-filled containers inside the house and surrounding areas of dwellings (this includes non-used bottles, containers, discarded waste, tires etc… which hold water). What can be done to reduce the risk of acquiring dengue? The best preventive measure for areas infested with Aedes mosquito is to eliminate the mosquitoes’ egg laying sites – called source reduction. Lowering the number of eggs, larvae and pupae will reduce the number of emerging adult mosquitoes and the transmission of the disease. Examples of the following habitats are listed: • Ant traps • Flower vases and saucers • Water storage tank (domestic drinking water, bathroom, etc…) • Plastic containers • Bottles • Discarded bottles and tins • Discarded tires • Artificial containers • Tree holes, potholes, construction sites • Drums for collecting rainwater • Shells, husks, pods from trees • Leaf axils of various plants • Boats, equipment Items that collect rainwater or are used to store water should be covered or properly discarded. The remaining essential containers should be emptied and cleaned and scrubbed (to remove eggs) at least once a week. This will avoid the adult mosquitoes to emerge from the egg/ larva/ pupa stage. In fact, the community participation is the key to dengue prevention. As every household aims to reduce vector density, the transmission rate will decrease or maybe even stop. What sort of personal and household protection should be done? Protecting yourself from mosquito bites is most effective by reducing exposed skin to mosquitoes to bite on. Long-sleeved clothing and mosquito repellents (containing DEET, IR3535 or Icaridin) are the most viable options. Window and door screens, air conditioning reduces the risk of mosquitoes coming into contact with the household members. Mosquito nets (and/or insecticide-treated nets) will also provide additional protection to people sleeping during the day, or protect against other mosquitoes which can bite at night (such as malaria). Household insecticides aerosols, mosquito coils or other insecticide vaporizers maybe also reduce biting activity. Is there any helpline for further information? Yes, 080099000 is the toll free helpline from where you can get further information. What is Tuberculosis (TB)? Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs. But TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. If not treated properly, TB disease can be fatal. How is TB spread? People with TB disease are most likely to spread it to people they spend time with every day. This includes family members, friends, and coworkers or schoolmates. A single patient can infect 10 or more people in a year. What are the symptoms of tuberculosis? Top Common symptoms of tuberculosis are: • Cough for two weeks or more, sometimes with blood-streaked sputum • Fever, especially at night • Weight loss • Loss of appetite How much cost of the treatment of TB? Government of Punjab & Global Fund provides the facility of free diagnosis and free medicines to the patients. What are benefits of DOTS/ Why DOTS? • Its success rate is up to 95% • It prevents the spread of tuberculosis by prioritizing sputum positive patients for diagnosis and treatment, thus reducing the incidence and prevalence of TB • It helps in alleviating poverty by saving lives, reducing the duration of illness and preventing new infectious cases • It improves the quality of care and removes stigma • It prevents treatment failure and the emergence of MDR-TB by ensuring patient adherence to treatment and uninterrupted supply of anti -TB drugs • It lends credence to TB control efforts and the health system How many people die from TB each year? Nearly 2 million deaths are caused by TB each year and 12% of deaths in HIV are attributed to TB worldwide. Which is the strongest risk factor for tuberculosis among adults and how does it affects the spread of TB? The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV, the virus that causes AIDS) is the strongest risk factor for tuberculosis among adults. Tuberculosis is one of the earliest opportunistic diseases to develop amongst persons infected with HIV. HIV debilitates the immune system increasing the vulnerability to TB and increasing the risk of progression from TB infection to TB disease. An HIV positive person is six times (50-60% life time risk) more likely of developing TB disease once infected with TB bacilli, as compared to an HIV negative person, who has a 10% life-time risk. Can tuberculosis be cured in HIV co-infection? Tuberculosis can be cured, even among HIV-infected persons. TB treatment with DOTS reduces the morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV. For how long must tuberculosis treatment be taken? Lung's Tuberculosis treatment requires at least 6 months of treatment. What is Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis? Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is caused by strains of the tuberculosis bacteria resistant to the two most effective anti-tuberculosis drugs available - isoniazid and rifampicin. MDR TB can only be diagnosed in a specialized laboratory. What is the duration of treatment of Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis? Multi-drug-resistant Tuberculosis requires at least 18-24 months of treatment with medicines which are 100 times more expensive and often highly toxic.
Spend some time in the kitchen tasting summer foods together and being grateful for all the ways God provides for your family. Here are a few fun taste testing ideas to try with your family: Act of Food Service Have each person write down a meal that they would enjoy eating for dinner (main course, side dish, and dessert). Mix up the cards and have each family member choose one card. They will be working together with the person who requested the meal to make that meal for the family as an act of service and teamwork. They need to work together to find recipes for each course requested and to come up with a shopping list. Then they will work with the calendar keeper to set a date to make that meal for the rest of the family. (Parental supervision may be required for each meal cooked.) Frozen or Cooled? Work together to do some scientific research on how different fruits freeze and how it changes their taste and flavor. Cut up enough pieces of banana, strawberries, grapes, and a watermelon (or other fruits your family enjoys) for each person in your family. Then freeze half of the pieces. Put the other half in the fridge. When the pieces are frozen, take them out of the freezer and have each person try the frozen and cooled pieces. Have everyone answer these questions after trying each fruit frozen and cooled: 1. How did the texture of the fruit change when it was frozen? 2. Did the flavor change when the fruit was frozen? 3. Which piece do you like better? Frozen or Cooled Popsicle Experiments Use a popsicle mold or plastic bags that zip to create homemade popsicles. You can add different kinds of fruit to fruit juice, lemonade or water to create your own personalized popsicles. Then share the popsicles with the rest of the family or someone in your neighborhood you’ve been meaning to connect with! Summer Recipe Challenge Split your family into teams and challenge each team to come up with a recipe that can only be made with food eaten during the summertime. Give each team time to make/cook their recipe then share it with the rest of the family. Have each person of the opposite team share what they enjoyed about the recipe. What are ways you use food to connect with your family?
History of Arcades By: Ryan Beach Arcade games first started around the 1930’s and then became more popular throughout the years. In the 1930’s the first coin operated pinball machine came out. These earlier verisons differ from the current ones as these ones were made of wood. Arcade video games first came out in 1971 when a college student set up the game “Galaxy Game”, a coin operated version of “Spacewar.” This ranks as the first marked coin operrated video game. In 1978 the release of the hit game “Space Invaders” marks the beginning of the “Golden Age.” During the Golden Age video game strips sprang up all across the area. In 1980 Arcades started to fade out as home video games started to become popular. After this some arcades still exist today such as Dave and Busters or Chuck E Chesse. This relates to engineering and the world because it takes engineers to build all these games and it relates to the real world because this was a time period that actually happended and video ganes are still popular today.
Question: What Material Reflects UV Light The Best? Can you get UV rays in the shade? Actually, it’s UV radiation – not sunlight – that damages your skin. Even though we can’t see or feel them, UV rays reflect off surfaces like sand, water and even grass.. What material reflects light the most? Polished metal surfaces reflect light much like the silver layer on the back side of glass mirrors. A beam of light incident on the metal surface is reflected. Reflection involves two rays – an incoming or incident ray and an outgoing or reflected ray. Why you shouldn’t wear black in the sun? Which material absorbs heat most efficiently? Known (sensibly enough) “sensible heat materials,” substances like stone, cast iron, and aluminum get noticeably hotter as they absorb heat. What side of aluminum foil reflects heat? Can UV light be reflected? Many surfaces reflect UV radiation and add to the overall UV levels you experience. While grass, soil or water reflect less than 10 per cent of incident UV radiation, sand reflects about 15 per cent, and sea foam about 25 per cent. Fresh snow is a particularly good reflector and almost doubles a person’s UV exposure. Can UV rays go through clothes? When you are out in the sun, wear clothing to cover your skin. Clothes provide different levels of UV protection. … If you can see light through a fabric, UV rays can get through, too. Many companies now make clothing that’s lightweight, comfortable, and protects against UV rays even when wet. What color reflects the most UV light? What materials can absorb light? Materials that absorb sunlight well include dark surfaces, water and metal. The sun’s light energy arrives as a mixture of visible light, ultraviolet and infrared; some materials absorb all these wavelengths well, while others are better suited to a certain restricted types of light. What color blocks the most UV rays? Is there UV rays at night? During the night, there is no available source of UV rays. … During the night, there is no available source of UV rays. But also, the UV rays get reflected by our atmosphere both from inside and outside, it means that some of the UV rays that come from sun get reflected back to the space (by the so called Ozone layer). What surfaces reflect UV rays? Reflection off surfaces: UV rays can bounce off surfaces like water, sand, snow, pavement, or even grass, leading to an increase in UV exposure. Contents of the air: Ozone in the upper atmosphere, for example, filters out some UV radiation. What is the best material to reflect heat? If the main way that heat is being transported in a particular system is through thermal radiation, then metals are excellent heat shields. Note that a metal will only reflect most of the thermal radiation if the metal is thick enough; on the order of a millimeter thick or more. Is it better to wear black or white in the sun? Black does absorb heat from the sun at a faster pace than white, but black also absorbs the heat from your body as well. … “White clothing reflects sunlight, but also reflects internal heat back towards your body, so the net effect under identical conditions is less cooling than if you wore black.” What material holds the most heat?
Object Classification Object Classification is the category we assign an item from a list of ten headings. When we have an understanding of what an object means to us and we know its classification we can make choices relating to ‘keeping or not keeping’ this object in our lives. The ten Object Classifications are the following headings: Essential, Luxury, Significant, Given, Sentimental, Heirloom, Recreational, Seasonal, Legacy and Maybe. If we know what something means to us we are better able to understand why we need to keep it. It gives us a representation of what are the most valuable things we own. The Rightsizing Rule for this process is if an object is placed into two or more classifications it will be immediately become a ‘keep item’. You will appreciate this classification process when we come to our Rightsizing solutions in Chapter 11. We will be able to use the classification headings as a way to embrace our project strategies. Sustainable You To Recycle Or Not To Recycle We all know we should RECYCLE; it is the smartest thing we can all do as individuals to increase the health of our planet. When we RECYCLE our household waste properly we are helping to save our planet’s precious resources. The fundamental benefits of our recycling choices can impact on pollution, landfill, wildlife and our energy consumption. When raw materials are made the way in which they are collected and processed it contributes to both air and water pollution. When we RECYCLE these materials, such as paper, plastics and metals, we are assisting to decrease the process of the production of new raw materials. This reduction reduces the amount of pollution that is produced to make these materials, thus reducing the overall amount of pollution that impacts upon the environment. By recycling and reusing items that would otherwise end up in landfill, we are able to reduce the amount of items that end up in these spaces. Raw materials that are extracted from the environment destroy and threaten the habitats of many species. By recycling these we can help to assist our native wildlife in keeping their homes. We can also lower the energy used to extract, refine and transport many of the raw materials used for producing our everyday items, products and equipment. Recycling your plastic can help to counteract the impact the production this material has on our planet. In the production of new plastics the raw materials that are used are oil and coal. These two are the biggest contributors to greenhouse gases that are responsible for our Earth’s climate changes. Plastic is found in our waterways; around eight million tonnes is estimated to be floating around, which is responsible for the death of over one million sea creatures every year. The energy we can save from recycling just one plastic bottle is enough to power your computer for twenty-five minutes! Today, paper is still the world’s most commonly used consumer product. In our digital world we are striving to become paperless in our homes and at workplaces, we are still consuming around two hundred and thirty kilograms per person per year in unrecycled paper. Here in Australia, we are world leaders in our paper recycling with around eighty-seven percent of all our cardboard and paper products being recycled. According to the website of recycling one tonne of paper saves thirteen trees, two and half barrels of oil, four thousand one hundred kilowatts of electricity, four square metres of landfill and almost thirty-two thousand litres of water. With statistics like these how can we afford to not RECYCLE our paper and cardboard products? Thinking sustainably and introducing ourselves to mindful acquisition of the consumer goods sold with excess packaging will benefit our ethical responsibility, allowing us to do our bit in the conservation of our planet’s valuable resources. The Power Of Giving The Dos and Don’ts of Donations When we are sorting through our items that can be DONATED we need to be mindful of quality and condition of these objects we are ready to let go of and give. If you would give it to a friend or it’s something you would be proud to display in your home, then it is a worthy item to donate. Assess your items and apply this general rule to your decision-making process: If you wouldn’t purchase this item second-hand based on its condition then RECYCLE it thoughtfully. Do this yourself rather than making it the problem of the charity organisation. Items that are not welcome donations include anything that is dirty, broken, incomplete, ripped or damaged. These need to be disposed of in your household waste bins or taken to specialty depots or drop-off points. Important points to remember: not all stores can tag and test electrical goods; refrain from leaving items outside of charity bins; and anything that is governed by a safety standard cannot be accepted. Giving items to your chosen charities will not only benefit the organisation but assist those in need. This can be an enriching and a profoundly rewarding experience knowing you’re able to help others in need by offering up your excess. The biggest bonus is that whilst you are contributing to this worthwhile cause, you are also reclaiming space in your home and balance to your life.
COVID-19 Vaccine: What You Need to Know COVID-19 Vaccine: What You Need to Know How do vaccines work? Is there a vaccine for the coronavirus disease? Pfizer’s vaccine was authorized on Dec. 12, 2020, and Moderna’s version on Dec. 18, 2020. How will a vaccine prevent COVID-19? The coronavirus that causes COVID-19 has spikes of protein on each viral particle. These spikes help the viruses attach to cells and cause disease. Some of the coronavirus vaccines in development are designed to help the body “recognize” these spike proteins and fight the coronavirus that has them. An effective vaccine will protect a person who receives it by lowering their chances of getting COVID-19 if they encounter the coronavirus. Widespread vaccination for the coronavirus means that the virus will not infect as many people. This will limit spread through communities. Both Pfizer and Moderna report that their vaccines show approximately 95% efficacy at preventing both mild and severe symptoms of COVID-19. This level of efficacy appears to apply across age groups, racial and ethnic groups, and both sexes, as reported in the Pfizer trial. Safety and Effectiveness of a COVID-19 Vaccine Learn more about the safety of the COVID-19 vaccines How Do We Know a COVID-19 Vaccine Will Be Safe and Effective? A few people who have had COVID-19 have apparently had a second, often milder case of the disease, and researchers are exploring what this means in terms of how long immunity from the coronavirus lasts. Vaccine developers are looking at ways to boost the effectiveness of a vaccine so that it provides longer immune protection than a natural infection with the coronavirus. Availability of a COVID-19 Vaccine Will there be enough vaccine for everyone who wants it? Now that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has authorized COVID-19 vaccines, initial quantities of the vaccine are being distributed across the United States. Because it will take a while to make and distribute enough of the vaccine for everyone who wishes to be vaccinated against COVID-19, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is recommending groups of people who should get priority. The CDC has been working closely with state health departments and partners to develop these recommendations. If you are a Johns Hopkins Medicine patient, visit our COVID-19 Vaccine Information and Updates page for all current information on getting vaccinated. Your state’s health department website can also provide updates on vaccine distribution in your area. Will it be easier or harder to get in some areas? There could be differences in availability from one place to another. Availability might depend on how much vaccine is produced and how it needs to be transported and stored. For instance, some vaccines must be kept frozen at very low temperatures in order to be effective. Every effort will be made to distribute the vaccine fairly. Will older adults receive a COVID-19 vaccine> The CDC is providing recommendations on the order of who receives vaccines. The first group to receive authorized COVID-19 vaccines are frontline healthcare workers and residents of long-term care facilities. Adults, 75 and older, are expected to receive vaccines, possibly starting in January. Review the CDC’s guidelines for who gets vaccinated first when supplies are limited Will children receive a COVID-19 vaccine? The Food and Drug Administration has authorized the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine for distribution to individuals ages 16 years and older. At this time, however, Johns Hopkins is only offering vaccines to essential health care workers.
Balance sheet What is a balance sheet? balance sheet is a summary of the financial balances of a company. A standard company balance sheet has three parts: assets, liabilities and shareholders‘ equity. These three items show investors how much the company owns and owes, plus the amount invested by its shareholders. The assets always equal the liabilities and equity combined. The balance sheet is drawn up at least once a year as part of the company’s accounts. It is also often published quarterly to provide a detailed picture within a shorter time frame. It is called a balance sheet because assets balance the liabilities plus equity. The company’s assets (what it owns) have to be paid for, either through debt (by borrowing money), which is its liabilities or by raising the money from shareholders (the equity). The balance sheet’s importance for traders and investors The balance sheet is a key part of the financial statements that help investors analyse the value of a stock. The other financial statements are the cash flow, income and profit and loss (P&L). Together they show the financial health of a company. The ability to read between the lines of a balance sheet gives investors an idea of what’s going on inside a company. Comparing a current balance sheet to previous ones can show whether a company is growing, stagnating or in difficulty and can help decide if the company is worth investing in. Note that the balance sheet shows a company’s financial position for just one single day at its fiscal year-end. This is usually the last day of the firm’s accounting period and the date will be displayed as follows: “Balance sheet as at 31 December 2012”. Understanding the balance sheet The balance sheet is usually broken down in detail so that investors can see the different elements that make up the assets, liabilities and equity. Cash, inventory and real estate or property are all assets. There may also be items such as securities and tangibles on the balance sheet. A high amount of assets can be a good indicator of sales growth. Assets are usually listed in descending order of their liquidity, or how quickly they can be converted into cash. On the liability side of the balance sheet all forms of the company’s debt will be declared, such as bank loans, monies owed to suppliers, taxes due, leases, accounts payable, mortgages, deferred revenues and accrued expenses. Liabilities are usually listed in the order of priority for being paid off or paid down, with current (short-term) liabilities generally being listed higher than non-current (long-term) liabilities. The equity shown on the balance sheet will be broken down to show how many shares are owned by external investors and how many by the company, how many shares are in free float, and what proportion of shares are either common shares or preferred shares (which determines voting rights). Also see:
Yahoo Web Search 1. History of sushi - Wikipedia 6 days ago · Early history. The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with the Baiyue and paddy fields of ancient southern China. The prototypical narezushi is made by lacto-fermenting fish with salt and rice in order to control putrefaction. 2. Mumbai - Wikipedia 3. People also search for
Yes, it can. This may come as a surprise to some since high protein, low carbohydrate diets are still recommended as the healthiest way to eat by some. This is what was found in a study investigating the effects of diets varying in protein and glycemic index on cardiovascular risk factors (Gogebakan O, et al. 2011). Low glycemic index carbohydrates reduced highly sensitive C-reactive Protein (hs-CRP) (an inflammatory marker) the most, but a low protein intake also reduced hs-CRP. If you want to keep inflammation (which is a risk factor for all chronic diseases) low, a low carbohydrate/high protein diet is apparently not the way to do it. What is an adequate protein intake for most people? The requirement can vary somewhat and will increase with extremely hard exercise, but it will not increase as much as some people think it will. The calorie need (energy requirement) will also increase with hard physical activity. The RDA for protein is 0.8 g per kg of body weight and is adequate for most people. Most people will not need more than 1.0 g of protein per kg of body weight even if they are physically active and exercise regularly, unless they exercise extremely hard. In those cases there is a lot of research documenting how to recover faster after hard training. Most people eat more protein than they need. Learn to Eat: Recommendations that work. This is not a regular diet program. Gögebakan O1, Kohl A, Osterhoff MA, van Baak MA, Jebb SA, Papadaki A, Martinez JA, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Hlavaty P, Weickert MO, Holst C, Saris WH, Astrup A, Pfeiffer AF; DiOGenes. Effects of weight loss and long-term weight maintenance with diets varying in protein and glycemic index on cardiovascular risk factors: the diet, obesity, and genes (DiOGenes) study: a randomized, controlled trial. Circulation. 2011 Dec 20;124(25):2829-38. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.033274. Epub 2011 Nov 21. Leave a comment
Design Hack: How to tell if a font is fixed or variable width Nov 5, 2019 Imagine for a second you’re designing a brand board, and no matter what you do, the HEX codes won’t lineup under the colour bubbles. This happened to a woman in a Facebook group I’m in. Usually when text doesn’t line up in a graphic design it’s a simple matter of ensuring everything lines up. But what if you do line up your text, and it still doesn’t line up? The problem is likely the font spacing. As far as spacing goes, fonts fall into two categories: • Monospaced (or fixed-width) • Proportional (or variable width) Monospaced fonts are designed in such a way that each of the glyphs (characters) takes up the same amount of horizontal space, while glyphs in proportional fonts each take up a different amount of horizontal space. Because of this, monospaced fonts appear more even to the eye, and it’s because, well, they are. But how do you tell if a font is monospaced or porportional? Simple! You can do it in just a few simple steps. How to tell if a font is monospaced 1. Go into your graphic design program and create a new text box. 2. On the first line write, “111111111” 3. Hit enter and on the next line write, “999999999” 4. Compare the two lines of text. If the 1s and 9s line up, the font is monospaced. If they don’t, it’s proportional. The top two lines are proportional, while the bottom two are monospaced. Let me know if this helped you as much as it helped the folks I shared this with on Facebook! Leave a Reply
4 Ways Augmented Reality Will Change How Scientists Work in Labs Updated: Apr 27, 2018 Laboratories with Augmented Digital Information Laboratories with Augmented Information Augmented Reality is an important emerging technology that is starting to break into many major industries and sectors. Leading technology companies have been heavily investing in development of both hardware and software platforms that enable and unleash the great potential of AR. The Hardware race to develop the most widely adopted head mounted display (HMD) is led by Microsoft Hololens, Magic Leap and Meta. Software, especially mobile based platforms, is widely available using software development kits (SDKs) like Unity, Apple’s ARKit and Google’s ARCore. There have been promising early adoption and traction in industries such as logistics, engineering, manufacturing, product design, and consumer home improvement and furnishing. The global laboratory industry has a market size of hundreds of billions of dollars annually. Laboratories are present in many important and fundamental economic sectors, including government research, education, health care, manufacturing, and technologies. Today, laboratories are achieving their scientific education and research goals in new ways by applying fast growing modern technologies. One of those opportunities is the movement of laboratory digitization. The concept of digital laboratories was a very new even a few years ago. For most people who work in laboratories, their understanding of digital labs stayed at the basic level of digital database (e.g. LIMS systems) and internet connectivity. But today, by leveraging new technologies including artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, internet of things (IoT), and immersive technologies like Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR), scientists and technologists are starting to experience a modernized way of working in laboratories. Many of the applications using these types of new technologies are still in the testing phase and will take some time before wide adoption. However, immersive technologies, including AR and VR, are examples of the front runners that are generating tangible results today. Let’s look at some of the important ways that AR technology will fundamentally change how scientists work in labs. 1. AR changes scientists’ purchasing decisions To perform their jobs in labs effectively, scientists and technicians rely on many laboratory tools and instruments. - AR can help scientists visualize how the lab would look using augmented new instrument, equipment and set up in existing lab environment, by superimposing the 3D digital twins of the objects. - AR can also help scientists understand how these tools and equipment help their research activities by enabling them to interact with AR models that simulate how things work. - Manufacturers and suppliers of lab equipment and instrument can leverage AR technology to better demonstrate how their products functionalities and features. - For example, instrument manufactures demonstrate superior functionalities and physical footprints of their products to perspective customers during face-to-face sales visits and onsite demos. 2. AR changes scientists’ workflow in their labs How scientists use traditional manuals, instructions, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and guiding notes today is not only inefficient and difficult to follow, but also mind-numbingly boring. - By turning this information digitally overlaid onto the physical world where instruction is needed in-situ and on-demand, workflows in lab are streamlined. - Instructions and procedures are much more interactive and intuitive because they are delivered to users within context of the physical world. - For example, when an analytical lab technician is going to perform an experiment on an instrument, the AR tool will help her to select the right consumables or parts, making sure samples go on the equipment with proper orientation, the right position and the right amount, guiding her through necessary steps to collect data, and prompting reminders of safety tips and clean-up steps. 3. AR changes data visualization for scientists How scientists collect and record data might be limited to how the equipment and tools input and output work. However, with the help of AR technology, the visualization of the data now becomes much more intuitive and interesting. - For example, the scientist scans across her lab space using the AR interface and sees the process of each experiment or data collection process as digital overlay in her view, either through AR head mounted device or model screen. Even more, she can interact with any particular set of data and visualize in the 3D interactive immersive way. - Here are a few specific real life examples of this. Today, technologists are monitoring the real time data from a turbine engine that is augmented on particular parts of the engine where the data is coming from. Medical scientists are visualizing patient data from CT scans or MRI scans that are superimposed onto models of organs and body parts. 4. AR changes how science is taught in labs Traditionally, lab instructors and educators stick to a set of experiments and curriculum to teach students, mostly limited to the available resources (lab ware, instrument, materials, environment factors, etc). Students are limited by reading based learning means (documents of instructions, manuals, procedures, etc). - With the help of AR technology, the possibility of running any theoretical experiments in the augmented way become wide open and limitless. - Instructors can even teach the most important fundamentals of science by revealing what’s ‘behind the scene’ or ‘inside the black box’, by overlaying animations about how things really work onto real world objects, for example, how the inside of combustion engine works, or what’s underneath the skin of a lab rat. - Students will be able to shift from somewhat boring reading based learning experience to truly engaging visual and interactive based immersive learning experience. The way science is taught and learned in labs will be fundamentally transformed using AR. From the way scientists and technologists perform day to day work in the lab, to how cutting edge research will be conducted in the future, to how science is taught to the next generation students, immersive technology will have profound and transformative impacts in laboratories. We believe that AR will eventually replace all documents in labs such as manuals, SOPs, instructions and documents alike. We also believe AR will naturally become part of the workflows of how science and innovation are advanced and communicated in the near future. Tel: 302-388-1433 Kennett Square, PA, USA • White LinkedIn Icon © 2018 by distat.
A Tale of Two Cities Dialectical Journal 2793 words 12 pages “Still, our first impressions of the Germans were rather reassuring. The officers were billeted in private homes, even in the homes of Jews. Their attitude toward their hosts was distant, but polite. They never demanded the impossible, made no unpleasant comments, and even smiled occasionally at the mistress of the house.” (5) \| The idea that the Germans weren't always harsh during that time baffles me. I always thought that the Germans were constantly beating down on Jews, and, even though they were for most of this historical time, this quote proves me wrong. There were times when they could be civilized and tolerant human beings. There was a belief during this time that the Germans and followers of the Germans believed that Jews were …show more content… I'm also surprised that none of the new people entering the camp had heard of Auschwitz before, even though now it's seen as one of the most well known Nazi concentration camps from the war. They might not have known about it because the Nazis were trying to keep all of the names of the camps and the happenings going on within them on the down-low, so that Jews (like the Wiesels) didn't know what was awaiting them and so didn't have time to run, and also maybe they tried to keep the camps a secret so that fighting forces didn't know much about them, either. \| “Not far from us, flames were leaping up from a ditch, gigantic flames. They were burning something. A lorry drew up at the pit and delivered its load- little children. Babies! Yes, I saw it- saw it with my own eyes… those children in the flames.” (21) \| When I read this, I had to stop, go back, and reread it. I was in total disbelief. You would expect to hear of atrocities such as this in fictional tales of horror, not in actual history. And yet, it is true. Little infants were thrown into fire! How could anyone do that and not want to kill themselves because of their guilt? How could the people doing this have no emotion toward these babies at all! These children all had a place in the world, a life to live, dreams to fulfill, and so much more. Now, those budding lives and dreams have been turned into
religion effect to community How can converting to another religion affect your community? In the book Life of Pi, Yann Martel describes Piscine as an outstanding Indian boy that practices many religions. A child should have the same rights to choose their religion, like an adult, regardless of the religion of their parents. Religion is based because of Pi’s choices in life he has discovered three religions he wants to follow. In one occasion Pi even mentions how people loose God throughout their life, but that wasn’t his case. He refers to how he has always been interested in God and religion and how he has explored different religions. Throughout the book, Pi explores three different religions Hindu, Christianity, and Islam. He was born into a Hindu family and has been a part of the faith ever since. His faithfulness to Hinduism did not change his curiosity towards exploring other religions. Pi shows a great deal of independence to learn as much as he can. This independence is present when Pi is on the boat and has to fend for himself. His enthusiasm towards religion doesn’t change while he is on the boat. By reciting his daily prayers, religion gives Pi a sense of hope that will help him to survive. Different perspectives of Hinduism can change the way we face religion. There are many times that we feel trapped, and don’t know how to confront problems within religion. “Religion faces the same problem; certain illusions about freedom plague them both” (p19). Many religions tried to change how a person sees life or how they act, meanwhile Hinduism doesn’t. While Hindus in each of these societies have altered their religion to suit the needs of their cultures all Hindus share a core of rich poetic, and complex traditions”(Wangu p14). Even though many were born and raised there don’t show that all are Hinduism. “Unlike Buddhism Confucianism Taoism, Christianity, Islam, or most of other active world religions, Hinduism was not found by one individual” (p14). You can admire many Gods, unlike other religions. Pie actually did this in a certain point of his journey! Hinduism is considered one of the oldest religions in existence; many other religions are not suitable to be counted as a “stable religion. ” Life can change from one moment to another and surprises you in every aspect. When you see your life gone in a second, you think about your journey. “From its beginning, Hinduism has been a polytheistic religion, meaning that its followers believe in many gods” (Wangu p16). Pi made his own temple in his house adoring many Gods, unlike Christianity! The name Hindu came into use when the Persians; in their attempt to label all non-Muslim people living beyond the Sindhu river, mispronounces the words Sindhu. We can assume that this religion come from all those years, we assure that it’s a truthful religion. Pi felt safe only in the zoo, he saw the animals as his second family. This made him miss everything he had there, because he grew up with all the animals in there. Another reason why Pi’s life was changing was because his peers kept making fun of his name. For example, “He increased his arm; pointed at me and shouted, “ It’s Pissing Patel” (p20). Along with that, when you become ill, you believe that God is not helping you at all. Mr. Kumar didn’t believe in God because he believes that he didn’t save his life. “Religion will save us,” Pi said. “Since when I couldn’t remember, religion had been very close to my heart” (p 27). In a large population we see God and religion as a shadow in our life. Pi says, “Darkness? I was puzzled. I thought, Darkness is the last thing that religion is. Religion is light” (p 27). If we see deep in religion, most of us say that we don’t want God in our lives because of something that happen. Other than that when we really need him, we pray, and seems like he don’t listen. I think that if we really pray with devotion and be within God in the troubled and happy times everything would be different. Mr. Kumar explains, “When I was your age, I lived in bed, racked with polio” (p28). Many of us can understand that when something like this happens, we all lose faith in God. His faith was gone after praying to God so many things about his illness. “I asked myself every day, ‘where is God? Who saved me- it was medicine” (p28). You can’t neglect God before other things. God was there for you since you were born and it’s not fair for us to put him as the last person we think of. “Hindus recognize three possible paths to moksha or salvation” (Hindus Beliefs p1). Those outrages times that we lose faith or belief in our religion, all we want to do is be in different ones. Pi had three religions that he had “converted” into. “The priest broke it when he said, with pride in his voice, ‘Piscine is a good Christian boy’ I hope to see him join our choir soon” (p66). We all lie in a point in our life; we just have to make sure that our lies are beneficial. There is only one God that we can count on, the one and only! Converting from one religion to another can be hard for itself, family, and the community. “You must be mistaken. He is a good Muslim boy” (p66). Pi itself was in a big conflict with the priests coming to his parents and confronting him in front of them. Muslims beliefs follow the Five Pillars of Islam, which they regard as the most important practice of their religion. Once again one more time, the pandit said, “You’re both wrong. He is a good Hindu boy” (p66). One way that Pi could repent from his sin, like changing his religion, is by karma; yoga. We never know when we can die, and our only hope is religion. It’s like if we have a watch and as it stops so do we, and we die. Us, as humans have to fix what’s not properly done by nature and fast or else a destruction can happen. Every one is going to be judged and until that day comes we have to do our best. One day we will take hold of the means of productions and there will be justice on Earth” (p28). Religion is what we believe in and yes it can mean many things. “No definition allows for identification of “faith” with “religion” (p1). Religion has been defined as a system of beliefs base on humanity’s attempt to explain phenomena. Many people can tell us what religion is, but do many of us know? I believe the answer is no, we can say stories and myths about it, but nobody can really assure us. That’s many of us have to study to go in deep in religion, and for nobody to tell us what’s wrong and right about religion. Loosing someone special is like loosing everything in your life. Piscine lost his parents and his brother, his only family. Pi explains, “To lose a brother is to lose someone with whom you can share the experience of growing old” (p127). Pi went through a rough time, after he was in the boat by himself he missed his mom. “To lose your mother well, that is like the sun above you” (p127). The human minds has a mentality to survive and support everything. “I survived 227 days. That’s how long my trial lasted, over seven months” (p189). For example in my real life I lost my father, and yes it hurts me because he was the that created me. Many years has passed since he passed away, my whole life to be exact. I understand what Pi went through when he lost his mother, is pain that nobody can take away from you. Yet many people think it’s easy to just let it go, but most haven’t lost a special someone! My family and I lost hope when he passed away, because my mom had to take care three of us. Pi was a child when he lost his family and that’s something you keep for the rest of your life. While trying to fight for survival, we take things to deep. We should not cling! A plague upon fundamentalist and literalists” (p70). Pi remains unattached to any one interpretation of God. He believes in religion, but he doesn’t guard specific jealously. He believes to be in a major misstep by some believers. “There are always those who take it upon themselves to defend God, as if ultimate reality, if it was something weak and helpless” (p15). Even if the days passed, Pi kept practicing his religious faith at sea. “I practiced religious rituals that I adapted to the circumstances solitary Masses without priest or Communion Host” (90). The soul calls to God, and God calls to the soul. “Braham Saguna is Braham made man; fest to our limited senses, Braham expressed not only in gods but in humans, for everything has a trace of the divire in it” (Solomon p1). Pi’s education includes both science and religion, he comes to love both these disciplines. “I’ll be honest about it, it is not atheist who get stuck in my craw, but agnostics” (p163). One day we will take hold of the means of productions and there will be justice on Earth. All of us probably don’t even think about changing our religion or to have any other thought of God. There are many perspectives about life, religion, and love. Accidents can happen, or anything can happen for us to just change what our parents have thought us, as better people. We don’t take hold of our selves because we are humans and we can’t control what we think! Religion shouldn’t be converted to darkness, it should be something that you are proud of. For example Pi, he had three religions to choose from, the teens from now a days don’t even think about going to church or a temple. Now a days going to parties or reunion with friends is the “new” thing. Pi charms the socks off everyone with this story. Pi also uses his friends mishearing to lay out one of his essential beliefs. All the three beliefs he practiced are really the same except for small differences in the practice of their faith. Hindus have a great capacity for love. Muslims see god in everything, and Christians are quiet devout. By knowing that Hindus have a lot of love for God, you know that Pi had to try some other religions. Last but not least, religion is an organization or system of human thought that practicing to give a meaning to a practitioner’s life by reference the higher power, or ultimate truth, usually includes a set of narratives, symbols or beliefs. In the story “life of Pi”, the main character Pi, is practicing three religions at the same time: Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity. They are three totally different kinds of religions. But they helped Pi; they gave Pi the faith, the power to survive, in those deadly situations. However, religions does not bring blessing, also brings chaos and crisis. Religion can brainwash people, and turns them into extremists. For instants, those terrorists, what makes them so daredevil, willing to do anything for their organization? It’s their religion, their “true God”. And also, religion can be a tool for those dominators to dominate people. Some rules in a religion would be like: be peaceful, God does not want people to fight, or some kind of stuff. Those rules weaken people, reduces the power of resisting of people. Some time, dominators could win a war, and kill people without their resistance. In conclusion, religions are not all that good for people, but you can still choose any religion you want.
William Carr’s “improved burglar-trap,” patented in 1868, is a man-size version of a no-kill mousetrap. The unwitting burglar steps on the trapdoor and falls into the chamber, where his own weight on the false bottom pulls the doors shut again. “It will be seen that the catches II II’ and I I act, in connection with the weight of the person upon the platform, in retaining the doors in their closed condition, and, even in case the prisoner should succeed in scaling the walls of the chamber, the locking-devices H H’ and I I’ will effectually prevent him forcing open the trap-doors.” During the day the proprietor can pull a cord to engage the catches by hand, to prevent his customers from falling in themselves.
Snap, Crackle, Pop: Memory Lapses Tied to High Blood Sugar Levels By Samantha S. \| Updated: Aug 02, 2016 Review on May 04, 2009 The importance of a well-balanced diet takes on an even greater significance in old age as nutrition deficiencies can lead to complications down the road such as stroke or heart disease. Now seniors can add another difficulty to their roster of worries: memory lapses. Naturally a certain degree of forgetfulness is considered a normal part of the aging process, but serious memory lapses can be disturbing and fall beyond the "where did I put my keys" line of questioning. memory lapses sugar It turns out that a diet high in sugary foods can do more than rot the teeth: it can also lead to memory lapses. Researchers from Columbia University in New York have recently uncovered a link between high glucose levels in the blood and an increased incidence in memory lapses. Normally, dementia and forgetfulness are results of an imbalance in the hippocampus, a part of the brain that affects memory. However, what was interesting to the Columbia researchers is that a specific part of the brain is stimulated by too much sugar in the bloodstream: the dentate gyrus, leading to memory lapses. Through brain scans of both humans and animals, it was noted that there was a reduction in activity in the dentate gyrus when the test subjects consumed a great deal of sugar. The scientist in charge of the study, Scott Small, examined 181 subjects over the age of 65 with no prior history of dementia, and found most responding directly to increased glucose levels. A rise in blood sugar levels is a natural part of the aging process. This usually hits people in their 30's and 40's, when the body becomes less efficient in its metabolic activity, leading to a slower breakdown in sugar compounds. This leads to a need to more closely monitor sugar intake with age in order to possibly prevent or even reverse memory lapses. Researchers and public alike are excited about these new findings, as it points to a new method for avoiding memory lapses. By correcting the glucose imbalance and lowering overall blood sugar levels, this is one way of reducing the incidence of what could be incorrectly defined as dementia. More on Memory Lapses
Posted by: Write My Essay on: June 13, 2018 Sample by My Essay Writer Incidents such as an active shooter taking hostages, a kidnapping or terrorists seizing control of a building require an immediate response to prevent the situation from getting worse. However, local law enforcement personnel often lack the needed training to handle negotiations or storm a building with the least amount of hostage deaths possible (Cambria, DeFilippo, Louden, & McGowan, 2002). This is why negotiators, tactical team members, and health care/mental health professionals are brought in to prevent such situations from escalating to ensure the safety of the hostages that have been involved. Negotiators in crisis situations are there to ensure the safety of hostages by establishing a dialogue with kidnappers, terrorists or robbers in such a way that they become less compelled towards violence. Negotiators act as a means for hostiles within a conflict situation to express their desires in a non-violent manner (Nichols, 2014). This can entail negotiating for safe passage out of a particular area, having specific demands met or even having food delivered to their location so that the hostages can be fed. a.) Mistaken Assumptions Due to the influence of mass media via movies and television shows, the perception of the general public towards negotiators during hostage situations is highly flawed. Negotiators are often portrayed as cops that have been assigned the role by a police chief since they seem to be the most competent. In fact, movies featuring Denzel Washington often portray him as a detective that has been given the role of a negotiator due to his supposed experience in such situations. [Need an essay writing service? Find help here.] Nothing can be farther from the truth since, in essence, a hostage negotiator is more like a psychologist with police training than a cop that is pretending to empathize with the hostage taker. Hostage negotiation techniques are heavily influenced by the same methods utilized by psychiatrists and psychologists when it comes to engaging with patients. This often requires years of academic study and training to be accomplished. As such, the portrayal of a hostage negotiator as being interchangeable with that of a highly accomplished detective is highly flawed since its implementation in a real life scenario is likely to get people killed. Hostage negotiators are mainly former members of law enforcement agencies (ex: FBI, DEA, or local police) who undergo numerous certification programs in helping them understand human thought processes. The goal of this training is to create a specialist that knows police tactics while at the same time has a background in psychological techniques and principals. b.) What is the Role of a Hostage Negotiators? The primary goal of any hostage negotiator is to defuse a crisis or hostage situation in such a way that none of the prisoners are hurt and the suspect surrenders without putting up any form of resistance. To accomplish this, negotiators utilize a combination of active listening, empathy, and rapport to establish a connection with the hostage taker so that they can understand the motive behind their current actions. Greenstone (2001) explained the role of negotiators by stating that they act as an outlet for hostage takers. A hostage situation is often very stressful for those involved, more so for the hostage taker since their life is now in danger and they have no means of escape. This often leads to a state of irrationality where they are likely to engage in behaviors that could get the hostages killed (Greenstone, 2001). Negotiators resolve this potential problem by acting as an on-site means of psychological support by helping to calm the hostage taker down, informing them that they do have options and that they should show some level of cooperation with the police so that they can get out of this situation in one piece. C.) How do they Fit into the Paradigm of Crisis and Hostage Situation Management? Within the context of operations involving tactical team members and health care professionals, hostage negotiators act as a means of reducing possible deaths through nonviolent means. This can come in the form of reducing the number of hostages at a given location to lessen some possible deaths should a breaching situation occur or gain more information from the hostage taker through subtle manipulation so that the tactical team will have more accurate information regarding what is happening. Information that the negotiator could gain through this type of interaction comes in the form of the number of assailants in the building, the current status of the hostages and where they could have been placed by the hostage taker (Greenstone, 2003). This helps the tactical team plan where they will enter the building and what sort of actions should take place to minimize any potential harm that the hostages may endure. Aside from this, there are also situations where hostages may have underlying health conditions (ex: Asthma) so that the negotiator would need to coordinate with the on-site medical team and the hostage taker so that those hostages could either be released or the needed supplies given to them. Tactical Teams Tactical team members are used as a more “direct” option when it comes to dealing with hostage situations. Their primary purpose is to protect the hostages by neutralizing a threat to their safety in whatever means they deem appropriate (Hammer & Van Zandt, 1994). This can often entail the use of breaching activities to get into a building to immediately suppress, apprehend or kill hostage takers or using snipers to eliminate them safely from a distance. Tactical team members can thus be considered as being necessary during circumstances where negotiations break down, and there is no other alternative than to immediately neutralize the threat. However, it should be noted that, in some cases, the use of force can often lead to the death of several hostages and, as such, is often thought of as a last resort tactic. a.) Mistaken Assumptions Similar to what was noted in the section involving hostage negotiators, tactical teams are often portrayed incorrectly by Hollywood and the mass media. Hollywood depictions of operations involving a tactical team show little in the way of coordination between them and the hostage negotiator, and it is often seen that they go in through a broad range of possible entry ways so that they can immediately apprehend or disable the hostage taker. The problem with this portrayal, as any member of a tactical team will tell you, is that bad intelligence can get people killed. Hostage negotiators and tactical teams work in conjunction with each other to avoid possible fatalities, from either the hostages or the team that is conducting the breaching activity (Borowsky, 2011). As such, prior to any operation that is performed, negotiators relay all information to the tactical team that they have been able to get from the hostage taker. This includes but is not limited to the area where the hostages are located, the number of assailants within the building and where the hostage taker is prior to the actual breaching event. [“Write my essay for me?” Get help here.] Not only that, the negotiator also assists with the operations of the tactical team by developing a psychological profile on the hostage taker and the likelihood of them giving up, resisting arrest or harming the hostages while the breaching operations is in effect (Nichols, 2014). This information allows the tactical team to go in and know what to expect resulting in a better overall outcome with the potential for fewer deaths and injuries. b.) What is the Role of a Tactical Team? A hostage situation needs the use of specialized personnel to prevent the potential death of civilians that have been taken prisoner. Evidence of this was noted in the 2010 Manila hostage crisis where inexperienced police officers were used to incapacitate a disgruntled soldier who took a bus of tourists hostage. Due to their lack of training and the use of subpar tactics, the result was the death of numerous civilians before the hostage taker could be pacified. This incident shows that the use of ordinary law enforcement personnel in breaching operations where they lack the necessary skills and experience can be disastrous and, as such, it shows the need to utilize professional tactical teams to handle situations of this nature (Lincoln, 2011). The use of tactical teams is not the first choice for any hostage situation since their use is often an indicator that negotiations have broken down, and an effective intervention is necessary. Their role is to utilize special weapons and tactics to immediately breach a location, take down the perpetrator and ensure that safety of the civilians that were held, hostage. Aside from this, there are also instances where tactical teams are there to make sure that the hostage taker does not escape. This often comes in the form of having snipers on roofs or posting patrols in potential areas where they could escape. Tactical teams often engage in a wide assortment of methods to ensure the capture of hostage takers, this can consist of high-risk raids into a building (ex: breaching operations), conducting manhunts within an area that a suspect could have escaped into as well as using vehicles (ex: helicopters) to reach areas that would other have been thought of as unreachable. [“Write my essay for me?” Get help here.] Tactical teams act as a strategy of last resort for police operations involving hostages given the high potential that a hostage could be killed in the cross-fire. However, they perform a necessary function since they are the only ones that possess the necessary weapons and tactics to make a difference in this type of crisis. Aside from this, unlike hostage negotiators, the use of tactical teams is often subject to a wide assortment of restrictions that prevent their use, even when negotiations break-down. This is due to the need for administrative approval before their use which can result in some of the hostages being placed in danger given the gap in time between receiving approval from their chain of command and the actual breaching event that occurs. This is the main reason why hostage negotiators often operate under the assumption that tactical teams will not be able to immediately intervene should a hostage taker become unreasonable. Mental and Healthcare Professionals Healthcare/ mental health professionals are brought to a hostage situation after it has been successfully resolved to ensure the physical and psychological well-being of the hostages. During police operations when a tactical team invades an area to incapacitate a kidnapper, there is always the possibility that some of the hostages could be injured (Potter, 1999). Health teams are there to give emergency medical assistance until the victims can be transferred to a medical care facility. Mental health professionals are brought in to help hostages with Post Traumatic Stress (PTS) that can arise after being subjected to such a harrowing situation. There are to ensure that patients have come to terms with what they experience and to recommend further psychiatric assistance in the future if they identify any potential long-term issues.[Need an essay writing service? Find help here.] a.) Mistaken Assumptions One of the main misconceptions attached to hostage situations is that once the hostages have been released, then everything is fine. The problem with this hypothesis is that it fails to take into consideration the possible psychological damage that being subjected to a hostage situation could have on a person. There is the possibility of having recurring nightmares or having some episodes of PTSD which can result in a drop in their quality of living. In cases like these, mental health care professionals are an absolute necessity to help with ensuring that the patients are properly evaluated before their release. Aside from this, another mistaken assumption is that healthcare professionals are not part of the primary tactical team operation. Tactical Emergency Medics (TEM) often take part in breaching activities with the role of ensuring the survival of the members of the tactical team if they are injured or providing medical assistance to hostages that were caught in the crossfire. What the information in this section shows is that healthcare/mental health professionals do not take a passive role in hostage situations; rather, they are an integral and necessary aspect of operations of this nature. b.) What is the Role of a Mental/Health Care Professional Their role focuses on the provisioning of emergency medical care and stabilizing a patient until they can be successfully transferred to an appropriate medical facility where they can receive better treatment. This can entail either helping them with their physical injuries or helping them cope with their psychological trauma (Vecchi, 2002). Aside from this, they often coordinate with the hostage negotiator to determine if any of the hostages need immediate medical assistance and, if so, arrange for a means of transportation that does not overly agitate the hostage taker. Other potential methods of assistance come in the form of mental health professionals assisting the hostage negotiator in developing a psychological profile of the hostage taker so that a negotiating tactic can be developed that is more “appeasing” to them. Medics and mental health professionals fill the role of providing the necessary medical and psychological care that hostage negotiators and tactical cannot. They are there to ensure the survival and well-being of the hostages after a situation has been resolved. They are an essential aspect of these types of operations since, without them, it is likely that preventable deaths would occur. Extrapolating the Role of Negotiators, Tactical Teams, and Medical Professionals What this paper has revealed so far is that negotiators, tactical teams, and medical professional all fill a niche role when it comes to resolving hostage situations. There is a level of interdependence between them wherein negotiators help the tactical team with intelligence gathering; the tactical team contributes to preventing deaths should the negotiator fail and the medical professionals assist in addressing the physical and psychological damage that hostages may receive. [“Write my essay for me?” Get help here.] This shows a certain level of interdependence wherein none of the parties involved can achieve their respective goals without the assistance of the other members (Hatcher, Mohandie, Turner, & Gelles, 1998). As such, what this paper has shown is that a crisis team cannot operate without sufficient communication and collaboration among its member parts. Failure to do so is likely to result in a breakdown in operations which is going to get people killed. This paper has shown why negotiators, tactical team members, and health care/mental health professionals are brought in to prevent such situations from escalating to ensure the safety of the hostages that have been involved. It has the revealed the interconnections between the different parties and why cooperation between them is needed to achieve success during a hostage crisis. Reference List Borowsky, J. P. (2011). Responding to Threats: A Case Study of Power and Influence in a Hostage Negotiation Event. Journal Of Police Crisis Negotiations11(1), 1. Cambria, J., DeFilippo, R. J., Louden, R. J., & McGowan, H. (2002). Negotiation Under Extreme Pressure: The ‘Mouth Marines’ and the Hostage Takers. Negotiation Journal18(4), 331. Greenstone, J. L. (2001). The Role of Tactical Emergency Medical Support in Hostage and Crisis Negotiations. Journal Of Police Crisis Negotiations1(2), 29. Greenstone, J. L. (2003). How to Be a Mental Health Consultant to a Law Enforcement Hostage and Crisis Negotiation Team: Should I or Shouldn’t I?. Journal Of Police Crisis Negotiations3(1), 121. Hammer, M. R., & Van Zandt, C. R. (1994). Crisis/hostage negotiation team profile. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin63(3), 8. Hatcher, C., Mohandie, K., Turner, J., & Gelles, M. G. (1998). The role of the psychologist in crisis/hostage negotiations. Behavioral Sciences & The Law16(4), 455-472. Lincoln, E. (2011). Listen First, Ask Questions Latter. SB Magazine13(9), 100. Nichols, J. (2014). Negotiating in the 21st Century: Bridging the Gap Between Technology and Hostage Negotiation. Journal Of Applied Security Research9(1), 57. Potter, N. (1999). Terrorists, hostages, victims, and `the crisis team’: A `who’s who’ puzzle. Hypatia14(3), 126. Vecchi, G. M. (2002). Hostage/Barricade Management A Hidden Conflict Within Law Enforcement. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin71(5), 1. Leave a Reply
Updates on mask issues in SARS CoV 2 pandemic Platform news, 5th August, 2020, Wednesday Dr. Pritom Das We are seeing emerging evidence for better efficacy of face masks in comparison to surgical and N95 masks than previously thought. By most evidence the virus can be ‘airborne’ (the quotation mark b/c its different from other typical measles and flu airborne transmission) and microdroplets formation can occur particularly in 3 ‘C’- confined, crowded and close-contact settings. Risk presumed to be lesser in outdoor spaces. Dr. Pritom Das Few pointers on what we are doing wrong, what we know better than before and simple solutions we can afford 1. Masks are for preventing dissemination of droplets from WEARERS to protect others from getting infected as opposed to preventing the already aerosolized viruses from getting in (it does that too-next point), by the CDC protocol- till now. 2. Masks can not only PREVENT infection (by not letting any particle at all- this is less), but also can reduce the SEVERITY by limiting the viral dose (by stopping the larger droplets- more common). I.e. you still might get infected but won’t need hospitalization/ won’t die. 3. Cloth masks work better when in multiple layers i.e. 2/3 layers than single layer. This also depends on the material type. 4. Efficacy reduces as droplet size drops i.e. works lesser for aerosols than droplets. Places where viral load is higher like in hospitals doctors need to wear N95 mask which gives better protection against aerosols. 5. You can (and definitely should) try to improve ventilation in either isolation/ quarantine settings by opening window, keeping the fan on, can try to install exhaust fan (expensive), ACs need to change filter (merv 13 or more- way expensive). 6. Remember that masks lose efficacy not by losing their capacity to filter particles (rather evidence claims they get better with time) than getting dirty and worn-down i.e. getting unbreathable. 7. Reusing masks- the problems with fomite transmission (droplets setting upon mask surfaces) thought to be less severe than before. Can still remain cautious by using it at 48 hours interval (both cloth and N95). 8. N95 masks are more durable than you think- by some claims can be used for 20 times at least. If you keep the mask clean that is, problem is not with particle filtration as previously said. 9. Masks (clean) DON’T CAUSE HYPOXIA. There are some additional myths that should be challenged too. 10. N95 masks reusing- there are some methods that have been proposed- soapy water, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, microwave steam, UV lights. All have some problems and advantages on their own- better have 2/3 masks at hand. 11. Problem with our country- people are TOLD to wear masks- many are complying but only few know the proper ways to use masks (don’t wear it down when talking/ sneezing, when need to remove it completely, don’t touch the outer surface, keep distance on regardless of masks use). They need to be EXPLAINED how to wear one, how to remove along with other basic hygiene measures like hand-washing. Public health communication needs to improve, but let’s not get into those now. Few basic improvements we can afford right now- 1. Advocate for multiple layer cloth masks instead of surgical/ single layer/ face- shields/ head cap/ coverall/ disinfection kits/ fever checks. 2. Even if single layer, methods to wear PROPERLY should be reinstated 3. Masks have greater importance in 3 ‘C’s than in outdoors, that’s where risk communication should be strengthened. Extra: How to avoid getting your glasses steamed (life-saving) Sadia Kabir Leave a Reply Time limit is exhausted. Please reload the CAPTCHA. Next Post কাউন্সেলিং টেবিলের গল্প \|\| পর্ব-৪ Wed Aug 5 , 2020 প্ল্যাটফর্ম নিউজ, ৫ ই আগস্ট, ২০২০, বুধবার অধ্যাপক ডা. সানজিদা শাহরিয়া চিকিৎসক, কাউন্সিলর ফিনিক্স ওয়েলনেস সেন্টার বাংলাদেশ Eric Berne used to say that, “We are all born as princes and princesses and that life and our experiences in it transform us into frogs. ” আসলেই আমরা সবাই রাজকন্যা বা রাজপুত্র […] Platform of Medical & Dental Society Organization portfolio: Click here for details Platform Logo
Blog Car Care Advice How To Take Care Of Your Car: Brake Fluid How To Take Care Of Your Car: Brake Fluid January 9, 2020 What is brake fluid? Brake fluid is a type of hydraulic fluid used in automotive brake and clutch systems. It is used to transfer force into pressure, and is capable of doing this because it, like all other liquids (everything from water and soda, to other types of fluids) it is not able to be compressed. There are 2 main types of brake fluid in use today, with the first and most common being glycol-ether based; this brake fluid is sold and labeled as either DOT 3, DOT 4, or DOT 5.1 Brake Fluid. The different numbers in the fluid indicate as they go higher the fluids’ ability to resist boiling. Therefore, DOT 5.1 brake fluid will resist boiling in the automotive brake system at much higher temperatures than will DOT 3 brake fluid. You should always use the type of brake fluid that the vehicle recommends for your application. The other main type of brake fluid is Silicone based, and is labeled and sold as DOT 5 brake fluid. This Brake fluid is NOT interchangeable or mixable with other types of brake fluids. One advantage of silicone based brake fluid is its ability to resist moisture absorption, which is an issue for other brake fluids (more on this later). Despite its superior ability to resist moisture absorption, DOT 5 brake fluid is in limited use in modern day vehicles. Why is brake fluid important? Without brake fluid, a driver would not be able to stop their vehicle in the manner they are used to. Brake fluid is directly responsible for carrying the force from the driver pushing on their brake pedal, and transmitting it as pressure to the brakes on the car. What can go wrong with brake fluid? Glycol-ether based brake fluids (the most common type) are hygroscopic in nature, meaning they absorb moisture. From general cooking, most people know that water boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit. Brake fluid has to be able to resist boiling at over 400 degrees Fahrenheit. The humidity in the air over time contaminates brake fluid, and gradually reduces its boiling point as the moisture concentration increases. If the brake fluid boils and changes into a gaseous state, it can then be compressed — this would feel like the driver of a vehicle hitting the brake pedal, but the car does not slow down. Other than boiling, brake fluid must be contained in order for it to allow the system to operate under pressure. Any type of leak will prevent the brake fluid from getting its job done. Usually small leaks will be noticed by a driver as a change in the feel of the brake pedal; usually drivers describe the pedal as traveling further than it used to, or requiring less effort to depress the brake pedal. If any of those symptoms occur, it’s a good idea to have your brake system inspected. How do you know when brake fluid requires attention? During regular service intervals, automotive technicians routinely inspect the brake fluid on vehicles for: condition, level, and leaks. Using modern testing equipment, technicians can measure the moisture content of the brake fluid by taking a sample from the vehicles’ brake fluid reservoir. When the moisture content is at or above 3%, a brake fluid exchange service is generally recommended. Some manufacturers have also incorporated brake fluid exchange services into the maintenance schedule for their vehicles. These service intervals are generally every 2 or 3 years, regardless of mileage. Additionally, if a brake fluid leak is discovered during a routine vehicle service, it should be immediately corrected to ensure proper braking performance of the vehicle. A driver may also notice a change in the way the brake pedal feels when a leak is present; any sudden change in the feel of the brake pedal is grounds for inspection by a technician to ensure everything is in working order. How much does it cost to service, and why? A routine brake fluid exchange service generally takes around one labor hour for a technician to complete. The only parts usually required during this service are fresh containers of brake fluid which meet your vehicle’s specifications. Depending on the facility performing the work, you could expect to pay between $150 and $250 dollars for this service to be completed. Our recommendation If your vehicle has a service interval specified for brake fluid, follow the manufacturer recommendation for service of this fluid. In the event no scheduled service is specified for the brake fluid, it should generally be replaced if the moisture content is at or above 3% — be sure your automotive repair facility checks this during regular service of your vehicle. Additional Information How long does service take, and why? A brake fluid exchange service generally takes an automotive technician about 1 hour to complete. Based on the repair shop’s workload, your vehicle can usually be returned to you in a few hours. It may even be possible for you to wait for the vehicle to be completed in some cases (but we encourage you to take advantage of RepairSmith’s amazing service, which eliminates the need for you do wait for anything!). Is there a way to reduce the cost of service? Generally, no. This is a very basic maintenance service. Most differences in price are due to the cost structure of the facility performing the work. The best way to save money on this procedure is to comparison shop for the facility that can offer the best price. What other work might be associated with this? Anytime hydraulic parts of the brake system are replaced (such as brake calipers, brake hoses, and metal brake lines), the system must be bled of air. Because this process involves extracting some of the old brake fluid from the vehicle, it’s an opportune time to perform a brake fluid exchange. The fluid exchange can be used to clear the air from the system, as well. . Additionally, this service may be part of a routine maintenance service on your vehicle, and combined with other maintenance services, such as oil and filter changes. Does the type of vehicle matter? When performing service to the brake fluid on a vehicle, an automotive technician must verify the correct fluid to use for your vehicle. Each vehicle has a different fluid specified for use, and a technician will generally use the fluid specified by your vehicle manufacturer. It is important to note that some auto repair facilities may install DOT 4 brake fluid as their standard replacement fluid. This is becoming more common in the auto repair industry. If your vehicle calls for DOT 3 brake fluid, and a shop installs DOT 4 brake fluid, this is an acceptable substitute and can even be considered an upgrade. Since there is negligible difference in price between these fluids, you can rest easy knowing your brake system has that much more resistance to boiling brake fluid. There are some vehicles with advanced braking systems (Mercedes Benz SBC, for example) that have additional service requirements for the brake fluid. For high end braking systems, please be sure to always have a trained technician for that specific system perform the work.
From Sprocket School Jump to navigation Jump to search Masking is the material on the border of the screen that covers the portion of the screen outside the picture area. When projecting film, the aperture plate casts a blurry shadow because it is not on the same focal plane as the film, and masking is used to crop off this shadow and giving the illusion of a sharp edge. It also hides structural elements of the screen and mechanical elements of the masking system itself. The top of the screen is covered by a valence, and the fixed drapery hanging below the screen is referred to as the skirt. Masking is typically matte black, with the side masking and skirt made of a lightweight fabric that is acoustically transparent so that it doesn’t muffle the screen speakers. In the silent era, projectors had a fixed aperture and screens had fixed masking. Apertures typically had rounded corners, which were often reflected in the masking. In the early years, a border was either painted directly onto the screen with matte black paint or constructed out of matte black fabric. However, at theaters that employed a stereopticon that projected a taller image than the 35mm picture, the film presentation could not be properly masked. The use of fixed masking, often with rounded corners, continued after the standardization of 1.37:1 as the aspect ratio for sound film. It was not until the proliferation of widescreen aspect ratios in the 1950s that theaters had to adapt by providing adjustable masking, which by necessity resulted in sharp corners on the screen. There were a few exceptions to this, including early pre-1950s widescreen gimmicks like Magnascope which would have required adjustable masking as early as the mid-1920s for theaters interested in screening films using this early widescreen projection process. The early days of widescreen were fairly chaotic as studios tried out different widescreen aspect ratios. Many films released during this period were produced with the understanding that some theaters would still need to screen them 1.37:1 while those who were able (i.e had updated their theaters to accommodate widescreen) would screen them in a widescreen aspect ratio, with widescreen masking. Fixed Height Screens By the late 1950s most American studios eventually coalesced around the 1.85:1 and 2.39:1 formats for 35mm, with some exceptions. Many theaters began installing masking systems that could only mask these two aspect ratios. The masking was typically fixed-height, with the sides expanding for 2.39 and narrowing for 1.85. This strikes a good balance between the aperture size and the illuminated surface area of the screen, with the larger Scope aperture corresponding to a larger projected image. With the same light output from the lamp, both aspect ratios can be illuminated within the SMPTE-specified parameters. Fixed Width Screens Although it is more rare some theaters have fixed-width screens in which case the visible screen size with the masking all the way open would be 1.85:1 and the top and bottom masking would close down for wider aspect ratios like 2.39:1 or 2.2:1. This is common in theaters built before the widescreen era that retained their original screen footprint and front of house (rather than installing a wider screener in front). Modern Masking Scenarios Although being able to only accommodate 1.85:1 "flat" and 2.39:1 "scope" works well for venues screening mostly new releases and older titles produced after the "widescreen chaos" era (so after the 1950s) American films, those committed to the proper presentation of films from any era, and any country, need more flexibility. They require masking systems that enable them to properly mask films of a wider variety of aspect ratios. In the digital era, some first-run theaters (or theaters built in the digital era) started to move away from the use of adjustable masking, relying instead on the projected image to provide a sharp edge to the picture. However, improperly masked digital images will have grey letterboxing or pillarboxing around the image instead of a black border. Masking Systems Masking can vary in many ways, including which dimensions are adjustable, the rigging and motors employed, and the control mechanism. Masking may be fixed-height, fixed width, have a fixed bottom with adjustable top and sides, or may be adjustable on all sides. Typically, masking moves symmetrically on both sides of the image (ex., when the image is widened, the masking on the left and right will travel the same distance), but in some systems each side may be adjusted independently, allowing the image area to be adjusted with greater precision. This can help address odd print issues, and can be used to compensate for films that are printed with an atypical lateral alignment that would otherwise need to be corrected by shifting the lens (ex., full-frame 1.33, Cinemascope with magnetic sound, Superscope). For variable-height masking systems, it is preferable for both the top and bottom masking to be adjustable. When only the top is adjustable, the vertical alignment of the image will shift when switching between formats. This can be accounted for by adjusting the lenses or by tilting the projector. Some projector bases have a crank to allow the operator to quickly adjust the tilt. For systems with adjustable top and bottom masking, the masking usually consists of a solid panel that runs the length of the screen, which is partially hidden behind the valence and skirt so that only the edge bordering the image is visible. Side masking usually has a solid edge facing the image; for masking hanging from an upper track this may be a pipe or board wrapped in fabric, while masking supported by an upper and lower track may use a flat piece of fabric held taut between the tracks. Loose drapery hangs between the inside edge of the masking and the outside side of the screen and as the masking opens to reveal more of the screen, this fabric is packed in on the sides. The amount of fabric that can be packed in as the masking opens is one of the factors that determines the maximum travel distance between the narrowest image and the widest image. While side masking is often suspended from a track at the top of the screen, it is ideal to have both the top and the bottom of the side masking supported. With only the top supported, the bottom may swing during masking changes, which is visible to the audience. This motion can also make it difficult to fine-tune the masking position from the booth. When the bottom edge is loose, it may also catch when the masking is adjusted, causing the side of the image to be uneven. Motors & Rigging Some masking systems are fully manual, but most are motorized. Motorized systems may be chain-drive or cable-driven, with either a sprocket or cable drum attached to the motor shaft. For motorized systems, stops are programmed for each format. For manual systems, the stops must be marked somewhere on the masking system (ex., tape may be applied to the side of the screen frame or the top of the skirt to denote how far the sides should be brought in). Cable-driven systems are more likely to slip and lose their position over time, and require more frequent calibration. However, chains can also become loose and even slip off the sprocket if slack develops elsewhere in the rigging. To help prevent the rigging from slipping, turnbuckles can be locked in place with a zip-tie to keep them from loosening. Great care should be taken when lubricating masking chains, especially if the chain is located behind the screen, because excess lubricant may spray from the chain onto the screen. Liquid lubricant should be avoided entirely. The number of motors per screen and the features offered will vary between masking systems. For fixed height masking that only accommodates 1.85 and 2.39, a single motor with only two stops will suffice. Masking that can be adjusted on all sides requires at least two motors, and should ideally allow the operator to program stops for all commonly played formats. It’s a good idea to keep spare fuses on-hand for the masking motors, since masking frozen in the wrong position may require show cancellations. Masking Controls MDI masking controls with ten programmable masking stops. Motorized masking can typically be controlled from the projection booth, and is often tied into the automation system. A fixed-height system with only two stops may have a single toggle switch, while systems with multiple programmable stops may have a control panel for each motor. Some controls have jog buttons to fine-tune the masking position when the image doesn’t match the programmed stops. Some motors have multiple speed settings and ramped starts and stops for gentler operation. For theaters running both film and digital projectors, it is often necessary to use separate masking stops for film and digital presentations of the same aspect ratio. Always double check your masking stops in advance, especially when film projection is infrequent. Run test film, look for any drifting, and recalibrate as necessary. Ideally the masking should be fine-tuned ahead of time for the specific film being run. If the masking stops are easily programmable, they can be adjusted to accommodate the film being screened and reset using test film after the screening. When screening multiple films with the same aspect ratio that require slightly different stops, or when working with a masking system that is difficult to program, it may be more practical to mark the irregular masking position with tape on the top of the skirt or the side of the screen frame. The same can be done for formats that do not have preset masking stops. Traditionally, masking changes were performed with the curtain closed so that the audience didn’t see the transition. For example, when transitioning from a Flat preshow to a Scope feature, the curtain would close at the end of the preshow and then reopen as the feature started to reveal the wider screen. For theaters without curtains the masking should be set before the audience arrives, usually at the same time that you run a test reel or test loop to set the focus and framing. Ideally, any pre-show slides should be the same aspect ratio as the film presentation to follow so that they fill the entire screen. At venues that distribute pre-show slides to each auditorium from a single signal source, slides of the correct aspect ratio and size should be run from another input (ex., a special event slide can be run via a Blu-ray player during the walk-in period). In particular, a masking change from a larger image to a smaller image should be avoided when the audience is present, as it can make the projected image seem less impressive. Related Pages
Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed ordered troops into the northern region of Tigray on Nov. 4, accusing a powerful faction of traitorous behavior. On Saturday, the government claimed its military took control of the region’s capital city, Mekele. On Monday, the Tigray leadership accused Ethiopian troops of launching a “genocidal campaign” in the region. Tensions have been brewing with the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), once a dominant force in Ethiopia’s regime, since Abiy gained power. The conflict erupted soon after Abiy claimed that the TPLF crossed a “red line” when Tigrayans attacked a federal military base in early November. Fears of mass atrocities grew after Abiy’s 72-hour ultimatum for the TPLF’s surrender expired last week. Could Abiy’s offensive turn into a broader civil war, and draw in neighboring countries? Tens of thousands of civilians have fled into Sudan, threatening its stability. And earlier this month, Tigray forces reportedly fired multiple rockets into Eritrea, a long-standing rival of the TPLF. If Sudan or Eritrea decides to intervene, other outsiders may follow. My research explains why foreign interference in Ethiopia’s conflict is predictable — and why interventions by external militaries tend to make bad situations worse. Civil wars are rarely purely domestic affairs Foreigners often meddle in the internal battles of other countries — and outsiders are getting increasingly meddlesome. The data reveal that outside interventions in civil wars have increased in recent years, both in terms of absolute numbers and in the proportion of ongoing wars. During the Cold War, most interventions were shaped by the U.S.-Soviet rivalry. After the fall of the Soviet Union, countries focused on finding negotiated settlements and deploying peacekeeping forces to keep the peace. But the United States, regional powers and neighboring countries became less hesitant to intervene after Sept. 11, 2001, and as the U.S.-led liberal order began showing signs of decay. Most full-fledged civil wars today include foreign militaries, groups and fighters. Why do foreign militaries intervene? Foreign militaries are not innocent bystanders to civil wars. In fact, internal conflicts attracted external militaries last year more often than at any time since World War II. We may have been underestimating the extent of external involvement in African conflicts in particular. One reason for these interventions is because the ill effects of a localized conflict are never neatly contained within the confines of a war-torn country. Refugees, rebels and weapons — along with drugs and other illicit materials — can spread easily beyond national borders, threatening the stability of nearby countries. A record number of refugees are living abroad — the highest totals in the post-World War II period — as recent civil wars displace greater numbers than in previous decades. Large numbers of refugees pose risks to weaker host countries. The strain on financial resources, threats to internal security, shifts in local demographics or new animosities among populations can create incentives for intervention. Tigray absorbed an estimated 100,000 Eritreans from a previous war, many of whom could be displaced yet again. The rapid pace of Ethiopians now arriving in Sudan reportedly is overwhelming aid organizations — and the numbers seeking safety are likely to continue to climb. Sudan itself is in the middle of a fragile transition after its longtime dictator was toppled last year, and is poorly placed to absorb the influx. Conflicts also affect economies in neighboring countries. Research indicates that the negative economic effects can stretch hundreds of miles outside the country at war, with losses in regional investment and increases in illegal trade. So neighbors care about conflicts in their own backyard. Civil wars heighten the risk of wars between nations Analysts argue that one of the best predictors of civil war is if there is another civil war in the region. The negative transnational effects of wars can aggravate domestic tensions and spark internal conflicts in other countries. Conflicts spread and contagion happens. External militaries intervening to prevent negative spillovers can also instigate a broader international dispute. Likewise, regimes waging domestic battles may see a reason to conduct cross-border counterinsurgency campaigns or attack foreign rivals that are supporting opposition groups. Political scientist Idean Salehyan finds that more than half of all rebel groups rely on external sanctuaries during civil wars, so governments often want to chase down their enemies abroad. But outsiders tend to mess things up When external military forces get involved, they often harm internal and international security. In Syria and Yemen, for instance, the reality that so many outsiders are involved in these conflicts means that fighting is unlikely to end anytime soon. Interventions typically provoke additional interventions by rival countries. And once there are several competing foreign forces involved, civil wars tend to last longer, the research shows. It’s simply harder to find a compromise that makes enough people happy during negotiations — potential solutions are complicated by more parties with unique interests. If parties agree to peace, interventions make conflicts more likely to recur again — that was the case in Afghanistan, Congo and Somalia. Local struggles can escalate rapidly into proxy wars, when a major power benefits by having others fight a conflict. Take the war in Libya, for example. The sheer number of outsiders — Egypt, France, Jordan, Qatar, Russia, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates and the United States — has transformed the conflict into something quite different from when it started. Proxy wars often drag on, and it’s always possible for them to escalate into wider conflicts. To be sure, not all outsiders make things worse. Most studies find U.N. peacekeepers effective, though of course far from perfect — their presence tends to reduce civilian deaths, shorten wars, prolong peace and diminish the diffusion of conflict to other countries. When outside military forces get involved in a country’s internal conflict, however, the same results do not occur. In short, interventions tend to provoke more interventions, prolong civil wars and increase the chances of war between countries. None of this bodes well for Ethiopia. Neighboring Eritrea, Sudan, Egypt and other countries could become key players in an all-out civil war with no clear end in sight. David Kampf (@davekampf) is a senior PhD fellow at the Center for Strategic Studies at the Fletcher School.
Frequently Asked Questions about Biodiesel No! Biodiesel is produced from any fat or oil such as soybean oil, through a refinery process called transesterification. This process is a reaction of the oil with an alcohol to remove the glycerin, which is a by-product of biodiesel production. Fuel-grade biodiesel must be produced to strict industry specifications (ASTM D6751) in order to insure proper performance. Biodiesel is the only alternative fuel to have fully completed the health effects testing requirements of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Biodiesel that meets ASTM D6751 and is legally registered with the Environmental Protection Agency is a legal motor fuel for sale and distribution. Raw vegetable oil cannot meet biodiesel fuel specifications, it is not registered with the EPA, and it is not a legal motor fuel. Of the major exhaust pollutants, both unburned hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides are ozone or smog forming precursors. The use of biodiesel results in a substantial reduction of unburned hydrocarbons. Emissions of nitrogen oxides are either slightly reduced or slightly increased depending on the duty cycle of the engine and testing methods used. Based on engine testing, using the most stringent emissions testing protocols required by EPA for certification of fuels or fuel additives in the US, the overall ozone forming potential of the speciated hydrocarbon emissions from biodiesel was nearly 50 percent less than that measured for diesel fuel. A 1998 biodiesel lifecycle study, jointly sponsored by the US Department of Energy and the US Department of Agriculture, concluded biodiesel reduces net CO² emissions by 78 percent compared to petroleum diesel. This is due to biodiesel’s closed carbon cycle. The CO² released into the atmosphere when biodiesel is burned is recycled by growing plants, which are later processed into fuel..Is biodiesel safer than petroleum diesel? Scientific research confirms that biodiesel exhaust has a less harmful impact on human health than petroleum diesel fuel. Biodiesel emissions have decreased levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and nitrited PAH compounds that have been identified as potential cancer causing compounds. Test results indicate PAH compounds were reduced by 75 to 85 percent, with the exception of benzo(a)anthracene, which was reduced by roughly 50 percent. Targeted nPAH compounds were also reduced dramatically with biodiesel fuel, with 2-nitrofluorene and 1-nitropyrene reduced by 90 percent, and the rest of the nPAH compounds reduced to only trace levels. When reviewing the high costs associated with other alternative fuel systems, many fleet managers have determined biodiesel is their least-cost-strategy to comply with state and federal regulations. Use of biodiesel does not require major engine modifications. That means operators keep their fleets, their spare parts inventories, their refueling stations and their skilled mechanics. The only thing that changes is air quality. In general, the standard storage and handling procedures used for petroleum diesel can be used for biodiesel. The fuel should be stored in a clean, dry, dark environment. Acceptable storage tank materials include aluminum, steel, fluorinated polyethylene, fluorinated polypropylene and teflon. Copper, brass, lead, tin, and zinc should be avoided. Biodiesel can be made available anywhere in the US. The National Biodiesel Board (NBB) maintains a list of registered fuel marketers. A current list is available on the biodiesel web site at or by calling the NBB at (800) 841-5849. The NBB maintains the largest library of biodiesel information in the US. Information can be requested by visiting the biodiesel web site at, by emailing the NBB at, or by calling NBB’s toll free number (800) 841-5849.
The Importance of Ladder Safety Accidents involving ladders are the single major cause of serious workplace accidents. The following are examples of serious injuries that have occurred: • A worker moving his extension ladder from one location to another walked his ladder into a power line. He died from electrocution. • A worker on a stepladder fell when the floorboard under the ladder gave way and caused the ladder to tumble. The man died from his injuries. • A worker on an extension ladder doing gutter work jumped off the ladder when it began sliding. He broke both ankles and will likely never walk without a cane. In most claims involving ladders, the accident was preventable if certain generally accepted ladder safety rules had been followed. Because most ladder claims involve a fall, nearly all accidents result in very serious injuries, including fractures and paralysis. These are very expensive claims involving significant time in the emergency room and in an intensive care unit. The cost of these claims can significantly impact the cost of insurance. Therefore, it is very important that the policyholder report accidents to LCI promptly (day of, if possible) to reduce cost of the claim and get the employee back to work sooner. But fortunately workers’ comp is one of the few types of insurance where the actions of the policyholder can reduce their exposure to losses. To use a ladder safely involves preparation before an individual even ascends the ladder. 10 Keys to Ladder Safety: 1. Most accidents are caused by faulty ladder set up. Ladders should only be set up at a 4:1 proportionate angle (1 ft. out from the base for every 4 ft. of rise) on a solid, level surface using skid planes or stabilizers, if necessary. 2. Wear proper footwear with non-slip soles, and don’t forget that ladders should be kept free of oil, grease, wet paint, and other slipping hazards. 3. Thoroughly inspect each ladder prior to use. If the ladder is damaged, it must be removed from service and tagged until it can be properly repaired or discarded. 4. Don’t carry tools in your hand when climbing the ladder. Rather, use a window cleaner’s tool belt, or belt designed for the ladder work to be accomplished. 5. Do not stand above highest “safe standing level” prescribed by ladder’s manufacturer. As a rule, never stand on the top three rungs of a straight, single or extension ladder. 6. Do not exceed the maximum load rating of a ladder. Be aware of both the ladder’s load rating and the weight it is supporting, including the weight of any tools or equipment. 7. Always maintain at least 3 points of contact when climbing any ladder. Keep your body near the middle of the step and always face the ladder while ascending and descending. Never extend the center of your body’s torso past either side rail of ladder. Do not over reach. 8. Extension or straight ladders must extend at least 3 ft. above the surface when being used to climb onto or off of an upper surface. Be sure that all locks on an extension ladder are properly engaged. 9. Do not set up ladders in high-traffic areas. The area around the top and bottom of ladder must be kept clear. Avoid electrical hazards! Look for overhead power lines before handling a ladder. Never use a metal ladder or wet wooden ladder near power lines or exposed energized electrical equipment. 10. Always provide effective employee training. To truly be effective, training must be provided in a language and at a level that employees understand. Their training must also be specific to the actual work they will be doing and include practical demonstrations of a ladder’s proper use. ← News and Insights
How Long Will A Body Last In A Coffin? What happens to a body in a casket over time? Do bodies explode in coffins? Why are people buried 6 feet under? To Prevent the Spread of Disease As mentioned earlier, London officials and medical practitioners in 1665 mistakenly thought that deceased plague victims spread the disease (among many other erroneous explanations), and that burying these bodies “6 feet under” would help slow/stop the spread of the disease. Where does the soul go after it leaves the body? How can you preserve a dead body forever? Why do we bury the dead? What is difference between Coffin and Casket? What happens as soon as you die? As death nears, it’s very common for a person’s breathing to change, sometimes slowing, other times speeding up or becoming noisy and shallow. The changes are triggered by reduction in blood flow, and they’re not painful. Some people will experience a gurgle-like “death rattle”. How long does it take for a body to decompose in a coffin? eight to twelve yearsWhen buried six feet down, without a coffin, in ordinary soil, an unembalmed adult normally takes eight to twelve years to decompose to a skeleton. However if placed in a coffin the body can take many years longer, depending on type of wood used. For example a solid oak coffin will hughly slow down the process. Does embalming preserve a body forever? Embalming does not preserve the human body forever; it merely delays the inevitable and natural consequences of death. … In a sealed casket in above-ground entombment in a warm climate, a body will decompose very rapidly. Does a body decompose in an airtight coffin? Do you wear shoes in a casket? How deep do they bury coffins? 4 feet deepHowever, most modern graves in the United States are only 4 feet deep as the casket is placed into a concrete box (see burial vault) to prevent a sinkhole, to ensure the grave is strong enough to be driven over, and to prevent floating in the instance of a flood. The material dug up when the grave is excavated. Do maggots get in coffins? What does embalming fluid do to your body? Effects from exposure to embalming fluid include bronchitis, body tissue destruction, brain damage, lung damage, impaired coordination, and inflammation and sores in the throat, nose, and esophagus. Embalming fluid is extremely carcinogenic. How long does it take for a dead body to turn to bones? Timeline. In a temperate climate, it usually requires three weeks to several years for a body to completely decompose into a skeleton, depending on factors such as temperature, humidity, presence of insects, and submergence in a substrate such as water.
About Seesaw Sign Up Teachers, save “Math - Number Bonds” to assign it to your class. Ms. Ribeiro Student Instructions Math - Number Bonds Complete the number bonds. 1. Tap the add button. 2. Tap the label tool and type in the missing number in the number bond. 3. Complete the addition and subtraction equations. 4. Tap the microphone to explain how you found your answer. 7. Tap the green check twice to add to your journal. 1st Grade, Math 1599 teachers like this Students will edit this template:
10 Types of Negative Self-Talk (and How to Correct Them) \| Nick Wignall - Deepstash Read more efficiently Save what inspires you Remember anything A lot of mental and emotional suffering comes from the way we talk to ourselves in our own minds, what psychologists call negative self-talk. In this article we'll cover what negative self-talk really is, the most common types of negative self-talk (sometimes called Cognitive Distortions), and some strategies you can use to identify and start to change your own unhelpful negative self-talk. Key Ideas Save all ideas Narrative Habits Narrative Habits The way we talk to ourselves about the events in our lives is subject to the same laws of learning and habit formation that physical behaviors are. That means we can learn to talk to ourselves in specific ways just like we can learn to tie our shoes or say please and thank you. 1.38k READS Events + Thoughts = Emotions Our emotions are always mediated by some form of thinking. If our thoughts determine how we feel, that means how we habitually think will determine how we habitually feel. 1.44k READS Mind Reading It happens when we assume we understand what other people are thinking without any real evidence. It is a failure of imagination because we often only imagine and focus on the negative aspects. 1.37k READS It is the habit of telling ourselves that a negative event is bound to continue happening in the future. When we overgeneralize, we make predictions about the future based on isolated pieces of evidence from the present. 1.21k READS It happens when we take our own errors or flaws and exaggerate them. We take small negative events and turn them into disasters in our minds. 1.23k READS it involves being dismissive of our strengths and positive qualities. It keeps us in a cycle of feeling inferior because we never focus or enjoy our true positive qualities and accomplishments. 1.11k READS Emotional Reasoning It is the habit of making decisions based on how we feel rather than what we value. It's when we use our emotions and feelings as evidence for what we should or shouldn’t do. Depression and procrastination are common results of this. 1.21k READS Black and White Thinking It is the tendency to evaluate things exclusively in terms of extreme categories. It sets us up for chronic disappointment: When our expectations are consistently exaggerated, we never meet them and then always feel bad about ourselves. 1.02k READS It involves assuming an exaggerated responsibility for things that are mostly or entirely outside our control. And this leads to excessive attempts at control, which in turn leads to chronic stress and anxiety. 1.00k READS It is the habit of describing ourselves or others in one extreme way, usually negatively. It is always an inaccurate oversimplification. Change Your Negative Self-Talk Change Your Negative Self-Talk • It can often be easier to identify examples of negative self-talk in other people first. • Change your (inner) tone of voice. • Validate your feelings instead of analyzing them. • Be intentional, not habitual, with your self-criticism. Schedule a time to reflect on a perceived mistake or flaw intentionally. 1.36k READS "Needing" therapy By framing therapy in terms of what we need rather than what we could benefit from, many people experience too much shame or embarrassment to try it. Not everybody needs therapy. But ... How therapy helps • Understanding how the way we tend to think about things affects our moods and emotions • Clarifying our values and strategizing about the most effective path toward them • Learning to communicate directly and assertively in relationships or the workplace • Building self-confidence in social situations • Acquiring more effective parenting skills and techniques • Working through complicated grief or loss Therapy and growth Ultimately, therapy is about growth and creating opportunities for positive change. And in addition to improving traditional mental health struggles, therapy can also be a powerful and efficient way to make progress on personal goals or aspirations. 2 more ideas Consider Finding a Therapist It’s important to know that if your negative thoughts are persistent — impacting your quality of life and functioning — it could be a sign of something more serious. Consult a therapist or psych... Keep a Journal Journaling can be great for getting stuff off your chest and to become more self-aware. Often, we are unaware of our negative thoughts and miss the chance of challenging them — but writing regularly can help with that. You can create a two-column journal. In the first column, keep notes on any self-criticism that comes up throughout the day. Later, rewrite the first column in more empowering or positive ways to reframe it. Learn How To Take a Step Back If you’re beating yourself up over something, picture someone that you love in your shoes and think what would you say or do to support them. This allows you to take a step back and practice a little self-compassion, it can help to keep things in perspective. When we question our thinking People became philosophers when they began to question what guides their thinking and analyze their thoughts. All-or-nothing thinking Today, one of the most common destructive thought patterns is all-or-nothing thinking. In other words, perfectionism. Pragmatism and perfectionism Pragmatism — as opposed to perfectionism — does not share the same paralyzing hang-ups; it takes what it can get. Our pursuits should be aimed at progress, no matter how much it’s possible for us to make.
Set Goals in the Middle \| Scott H Young - Deepstash Read more efficiently Save what inspires you Remember anything Set Goals in the Middle \| Scott H Young Set Goals in the Middle \| Scott H Young Classic goal-setting theory says that you first set a goal, then you make a plan to achieve it and finally you start taking action. Recently, I've begun to question the wisdom of this approach. Now, I'm inclined to believe that, for certain types of efforts, you're better of setting goals in the middle. Key Ideas Save all ideas Any goal or project will usually have these basic qualities: • A general ambition or motivation. (e.g. learn French) • A specific target. (e.g. speak fluently) • A time-frame or deadline. (e.g. in 6 months) • Constraints or methods. (e.g. practicing every day) • Overall impression of effort/time required. (e.g. a few hours per week of moderate effort) A goal is then a group of different features that get bundled together. Some are necessary, others are optional, and some are better to postpone. Goals To Start In The Middle When a goal has high uncertainty as to what level is achievable to reach within a particular time-frame, it is better to set specific targets in the middle of the process. Plan your goals with the variables you do have: overall direction, time-frame, level of effort and strategies. Reasons To Postpone Goal-Setting • Uncertain goals should be set in the middle. This will enable you to set the correct challenge level to maximize effort. • Some research shows that for very complex tasks, goal-setting can hinder effectiveness. This is because complex tasks are cognitively demanding in the beginning and can be frustrating because you can't perform adequately. To add on more tasks can impair your performance. Know When To Set A Goal The standard approach to goal-setting works well in relatively known areas, where past performance can be used as benchmarks. However, goal-setting from the start may be counterproductive in entirely new areas. If you wonder what's achievable for you, you may wait to set a specific target. Keep the effort and timeline goal instead. Ways to improve your life Ways to improve your life There are a few different ways you can go about setting a goal or creating a new habit. • Target the minimum output. You focus on always doing at least a little bit so t... When to Focus on the Minimum Minimum targeting works well for establishing long-term habits. A goal of, for instance, doing fifty push-ups every day might not be ideal for fitness, but doing something is better than doing nothing. Another reason to focus on the minimum is that it assumes the difficulty is in starting. To start a process can often be the hardest. Then you want to set a lower threshold to make starting as easy as possible. When to Target the Average Focusing on the average makes sense when you're hoping to sustain something, even if it is not always a perfectly easy and consistent output. It works when you are already putting in a bit of effort, but want to improve that effort over the long-term. one more idea Why Set Personal Goals • You are in charge. Personal goals force you to take responsibility for the actual efforts and progress. • You see the small steps leading to a big picture: big goals c... “Which? Why? What? How?” Technique ... for choosing personal goals. Ask yourself these questions: 1. Ask yourself which aspect of your life you would like to change most. 2. Think about why you want to change this. 3. How will that change make you feel? Determine what exactly will make you feel this way. 4. Ask yourself how you can make this happen and then make it your personal goal. The Life Balance Chart Technique • Draw a chart. Write down each of the various areas of your life (family, health, self-development, career, relationships) in a new column or line. • Assess your current happiness level in each of these categories by giving it a score from 1 to 10. • Think what will make you be fully satisfied with these areas. Write down your ideas – you will be able to transform them into personal plans. Goal setting gives focus Setting goals provides long-term vision in our lives. Practical goal setting • Evaluate and reflect. Regularly write down where you are right now, and if you are happy with your current level of satisfaction. • Define your dreams and goals. What do you want? Schedule some quiet “dream time” and think about what really thrills you. Then prioritise those dreams. • Make your goals S.M.A.R.T. (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time-sensitive) • Have accountability. Find someone to hold you accountable to your goals.
Difference between Market and Industry By: \| Updated: Feb-8, 2018 One cannot start talking about business of any kind without knowing what a market is and what an industry is. Using these two terms interchangeably in front of people with experience in the field could even cost you a good business opportunity. Scared? Then at least we have got your attention. Keep reading and make sure you never make a mistake again when it comes to the difference between market and industry. Summary Table A place where sellers and buyers come together.A gathering of top producers of a specific type of product. Is created by demand.Is created by producers. Is regulated by institutions to make sure that trade is done fairly to the buyers.Issues regulations to ensure the best conditions for production. Once demand is gone, there is no more market for a product.Without a market for a product, there is no industry either. A market is an economic concept that defines the connections established between a product or service and specific consumers. We talk about a “market for x (product)” in the context of there being demand for x. There are institutions protecting the interests of consumers and regulating both business activity on the market and the behavior of market actors. Just like in a physical market, there is competition, promotion and, most importantly, purchase. Every product and service has a market in which it competes with similar products and services. Consumers are won over through promises of good quality, fair prices, accessibility, great client service, etc. The driving engines of every market are the concepts of supply and demand. An industry is an economic concept used to regulate the general production and sale of a category of goods. There is the dairy product industry, the meat industry, the sweets industry, the film industry, the music industry, etc. The system is regulated by sets of rules that are constantly being modified to fit the realities of the market. In theory, the needs of the consumers and the rules of supply and demand are taken into account in matters of industry regulation. Issues regarding production, protecting the environment while producing the goods and innovative technology are also taken into account. Market vs Industry Both market and industry are economic concepts influenced by supply and demand. Once demand stops for a specific product, its market disappears. Without a market for a product, there is no industry regulating production. The main difference between a market and an industry lies in the very nature of their development. A market is created by demand. The very existence of demand automatically creates a market. This is like the first unit of economic relations between a product and consumers. The next logical step is the creation of an industry. It is a way for producers to come together and make sure that they have a form of control over demand: for example, the environmental regulations meant to assure consumers that what they purchase does not ruin the world they live in, the use of technological innovations to make sure that the product remains in demand, and the production regulations intended to reassure consumers of the way the products are made. While a market is created by any product in demand, an industry is created by producers. A market is a place where buyers and sellers connect, whereas an industry is created to help producers connect and set some rules. Drastic changes and technological advances in production can revolutionize the industry. The market only reacts to these changes. Did this article help you? Thank you! Thank you! What was wrong?
Taking the Heat — Using Nanotechnology to Cool Tomorrow’s Tech February 2, 2015 As technology advances to meet our ever-growing needs, the size of our electronics is decreasing while their performance is increasing. Computer chips are a good example of this. We want them to be small, yet capable of faster processing speeds. All electronics heat up when they are operating. However, the more work they do, the hotter they get, especially when they have a small surface area. All of this heat can diminish their performance significantly. Therefore, rapid and efficient cooling is going to be required to make next-generation computer chips and energy conversion devices possible. One way to cool computer chips is with boiling — currently the most effective way to remove heat from a surface. Unfortunately, it has its limitations. First, a chip is encased in a heat-exchanging device. As the chip heats up, the heat is transferred to a liquid within the heat exchanger. When it begins to boil, bubbles form on the surface like in a pot of boiling water. The higher the heat transfer, the more rigorous the boiling becomes. With increasing heat, the number of bubbles forming on the surface outnumbers those leaving the surface, causing an accumulation of bubbles that creates a layer of vapor, inhibiting the transfer of heat from the surface into the liquid. Because of this, heat removal tops off at 100-300 Watts per square centimeter of area. While substantial, this is still not enough for next-generation devices where cooling rates of over 1000 Watts per square centimeter are desired. Professor Shalabh Maroo in Syracuse University’s Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering was recently awarded $500,000 from the National Science Foundation’s (NSF) Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) program for his proposal “Experimental and Numerical Study of Nanoscale Evaporation Heat Transfer for Passive-Flow Driven High-Heat Flux Devices.” Maroo will investigate the fundamental physics associated with nanoscale meniscus evaporation and passive liquid flow to remove large amounts of heat from small surfaces in very short amounts of time. “Theoretically, we can prevent boiling with use of novel nanotechnology, and achieve nanoscale evaporation which can remove 10 times as much heat compared to boiling,” describes Maroo. Maroo and his research group will design, fabricate and test nano-devices using molecular-level computer simulations and experiments, and they also aim to uncover the parameters that dictate the steady and optimal performance of the nanoscale evaporation-based device. Eventually, this knowledge could be applied to achieve next-generation heat exchangers for thermal management of electronics and renewable energy technologies, such as concentrated solar photovoltaic cells. Maroo acknowledges his NSF CAREER grant to the research and hard work of his students, especially PhD students An Zou and Sumith YD, and senior Nikolay Rodionov. Additional information about Maroo’s grant and his research group can be found here and on his lab's website — http://maroo.syr.edu . About the NSF CAREER Award The NSF CAREER Program is a Foundation-wide activity that offers the NSF's most prestigious awards in support of junior faculty who exemplify the role of teacher-scholars through outstanding research, excellent education and the integration of education and research within the context of the mission of their organizations. Such activities should build a firm foundation for a lifetime of leadership in integrating education and research. Educational Outreach Maroo’s research includes development and implementation of a three-week module on "Nano-science and Nano-engineering" for first-year undergraduate students in ECS 101. He will also support a yearly research opportunity to a minority undergraduate student and yearly workshops on nanotechnology to middle school students in the Syracuse City School District in collaboration with the Upstate Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation.
Animals as elements: 105-106 Dubnium Elephant, Seaborgium Leafy Sea Dragon Dubnium named after Dubna a town in Russia where it was discovered. It’s a unstable radioactive transition metal, and has a half life in minutes. Much like other elements in the 100s is only used in high level radioactivity experiments. Elephants never forget or so a certain saying goes. Elephants used to live all over Europe and Asia, including in Russia. Unfortunately human activity and environmental changes have caused it to become extinct in many areas it used to live. I felt elephants being heavy they would tie with a heavier elements, and so I decided to tie them to Dubnium. Seaborgium is named after Glenn Theodore Seaborg who after his involvement in the Manhattan Project became one of the most strident proponents of nuclear arms control. He also was the co-discoverer of 10 elements and the use of iodine-131 in medicine for thyroid treatments. Leafy Sea Dragons are a relative of the Seahorse that live on the south coast of Australia. They are very peaceful well camouflaged creatures. As Seaborg was a propensity of peacemaking I felt a peaceful Sea creature was best. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
Green pest control does not mean ineffective pest control; rather, it is all about integrated pest management, or IPM. A pest control company that embraces IPM believes prevention, client awareness and education, and building inspections are all as important as controlling pests. What Green Pest Control Is Integrated pest management begins with learning how and why a pest entered a home or building. Professionals in this field are knowledgeable about the life cycle of pests ants and their preferred nesting locations. Thus, they are able to use innovative pest prevention techniques that are the least hazardous to plant life, property, pets and people. IPM uses common sense practices in coordination with environmentally sensitive chemicals. For example, instead of using harmful chemicals to prevent the return of a pest, pest control specialists may install preventative materials such as new window and door screens, fresh caulking, new door sweeps, and so on. The professionals may also set up traps to learn about additional areas a pest may live or install solar powered repellants as an alternative to using harmful chemicals. The Benefits of Green Pest Control Pest control products that are green are made of organic and natural ingredients. Additionally, these products are engineered to be biodegradable and equally as effective as their non-green counterparts. Green pest management practices help promote the health and structure of plants, as they provide a biologically based alternative to chemical sprays. The control tactics used in IPM are benign and therefore reduce the environmental risk often associated with traditional pest management, such as ground water contamination. IPM also helps reduce the risk of an infestation and is a cost effective solution. How It Works Rather than spray a multi-purpose pesticide all over an infested property, IPM experts use a process that sets an action threshold, monitors the pests in order to identify them, prevents their return and uses control methods. When an action threshold is set, the professional learns how large an infestation is, how much of a danger the pests pose, and determines the type of immediate action needed. When an IPM professional monitors pests, he is making sure he is identifying the pest correctly. Proper identification of a pest helps ensure the right types of pesticides are used, but pesticides are avoided if they are not needed. Leave a Reply
Biotechnology: The Science of Today is the Technology of Tomorrow Do you want to play mad scientist and make glow-in-the-dark bacteria? Do you wonder how and why we are cloning animals, or how scientists get DNA and identify what person it came from? Are designer babies a real thing? Why are scientists creating cabbage that contains scorpion venom? These are just a few of the questions we will be exploring as we learn about the fascinating world of biotechnology. In this class, students will learn about Recombinant DNA, genetic engineering, cloning, DNA extraction, CRISPR genes, gel electrophoresis, and PCR. Students will get hands-on experience with biotech laboratory techniques while designing and carrying out experiments. We will explore controversial topics and study the latest and greatest innovations in biology. This Course has no upcoming dates Scroll to Top
Mental Notes with Hilary Valdez: Don’t let stress… stress you out! by Hilary Valdez Stripes Okinawa Dear fellow humans, stress is a serious threat to our lifespan and health. Our lifestyle habits or how we live our lives in terms of diet, exercise, occupation, attitudes, emotional condition, and our beliefs in how we see the world, all contribute to our health and longevity. Very simply, our mind affects our bodily functions. Stress is not all bad. It’s a signal that something needs to be done. Stress is the way we respond to change. Most people think of stress as negative. But your body cannot tell the difference between a positive or a negative stressor. The first step in analyzing your stress is to identify your thoughts to a stressful situation, whether it be a positive or negative event. This is called a trigger. So, what were you saying to yourself? What was your interpretation? And, what was your reaction to how you behaved? Do not choke back your stress and keep it bottled up. Release your stress a little at a time. Not talking about it leads to frequent illness, insomnia, weight gain or loss, high blood pressure, headaches, self-medicating and physical exhaustion. Muscle tension responses such as teeth grinding, ringing in the ears, jaw tension, and dizziness are caused by stress. Asthma and hyperventilation can also be triggered by emotional reactions and chronic stress. Emotional signs are anxiety, apathy, snappy or defensive attitude, preoccupied and unable to focus. Critical stress is apathy, loss of emotional control, panic states, depression, rage and suicidal thoughts. If this happens, help yourself by talking to someone. It’s free! You are responsible for your happiness. Put the stressful event in perspective. Stop catastrophic thinking, reduce your anxiety, and improve your problem-solving ability. How you think determines your mental fitness. Don’t fall into thinking traps. Identify and correct counterproductive patterns in thinking through critical questions. Separate what you see happening from your opinions about what is happening. Then separate how you feel about what is happening from your opinions about what is happening. Observe your irrational thoughts and beliefs associated with your attitude toward a stressful event. Our stress triangle, the head, neck and shoulders are where we hold a lot of our tension. But our muscles tighten to protect us. These tightened muscles hold that position — the fight-or-flight syndrome. As such, your muscles shorten and “metabolites,” or the waste products from the muscles, are trapped and that causes pain. When this happens, get a massage or just do some stretching exercises. Stretching helps muscles regain their natural length. Exercise is a healthy release for stress. Exercise at home or go for a walk. During exercise, there is a biochemical change in the levels of hormones and fatty acids; post-exercise muscle fatigue and feelings of relaxation; and improvement of heart, respiratory, and metabolic functions. Keep it simple, you don’t have to be a gym rat. When under stress, be nice to yourself. Exercise, rest, and eat healthy foods. Don’t ignore the warning signs. Listen to your body. You are as you think. Be kind to yourself. Be your own best friend and put stress to work for you. Instant Insight: Focus on solutions, positives, and possibilities, this helps change toward the desired direction. Hilary Valdez is a retiree living in Japan. He is an experienced Mental Health professional and Resiliency Trainer. Valdez is a former Marine and has worked with the military most of his career and most recently worked at Camp Zama as a Master Resiliency Trainer. Valdez now has a private practice and publishes books on social and psychological issues. His books are available on Amazon and for Kindle. Learn more about Valdez and contact him at or at Follow us on social media! Facebook: Stars and Stripes Pacific Flipboard: Stars and Stripes Community Sites Stripes Japan Stripes Korea Stripes Guam Recommended Content
HTML input arrays <input name="foo[]" ... > I've used these before, but I'm wondering what it is called and if there is a specification for it? I couldn't find it in the HTML 4.01 Spec and results in various Google results only call it an "array" along with many PHP examples of processing the form data. 6/18/2009 5:41:19 AM Accepted Answer There are some references and pointers in the comments on this page at Torsten says "Section C.8 of the XHTML spec's compatability guidelines apply to the use of the name attribute as a fragment identifier. If you check the DTD you'll find that the 'name' attribute is still defined as CDATA for form elements." Jetboy says "according to this: the type of the name attribute has been changed in XHTML 1.0, meaning that square brackets in XHTML's name attribute are not valid. 6/6/2014 9:19:58 PM It's just PHP, not HTML. It parses all HTML fields with [] into an array. So you can have <input type="checkbox" name="food[]" value="apple" /> <input type="checkbox" name="food[]" value="pear" /> <input type="checkbox" name="food[]" value="banana" /> and when submitted, PHP will make $_POST['food'] an array, and you can access its elements like so: echo $_POST['food'][0]; // would output first checkbox selected or to see all values selected: foreach( $_POST['food'] as $value ) { print $value; Anyhow, don't think there is a specific name for it Licensed under: CC-BY-SA with attribution Not affiliated with: Stack Overflow
Extreme weather from the stratosphere ETH climate researcher Daniela Domeisen has documented how the stratosphere influences extreme weather events. What surprised her was the sheer range of potential impacts. She explains what this means for climate research ... Why snow days are becoming increasingly rare in the UK Winter frost fairs were common on the frozen River Thames between the 17th and 19th centuries, but they've become unimaginable in our lifetime. Over decades and centuries, natural variability in the climate has plunged the ... Face shields no match for sneeze vortex rings Do face shields provide enough protection to the wearers against COVID-19 if they don't also wear a mask? Spoiler alert: no. But researchers at Fukuoka University in Japan are working to create face shields safe enough to ... Magnetic vortices come full circle Magnets often harbor hidden beauty. Take a simple fridge magnet: Somewhat counterintuitively, it is 'sticky' on one side but not the other. The secret lies in the way the magnetisation is arranged in a well-defined pattern ... Refined finish for fine fish oil Not all fish oils are high quality oils, so scientists have developed a superior method to help produce better dietary Omega-3 health and dietary supplements. page 1 from 17 A vortex (plural: vortices) is a spinning, often turbulent, flow of fluid. Any spiral motion with closed streamlines is vortex flow. The motion of the fluid swirling rapidly around a center is called a vortex. The speed and rate of rotation of the fluid are greatest at the center, and decrease progressively with distance from the center.
public utilities and California wildfires public utilities The idea behind public utilities is that society is far worse off if a municipality has, say, ten companies vying to provide essential services like power and water to citizens, tearing up streets to install infrastructure and then maybe going out of business because they can’t get enough customers. Better to give one (or some other small number) a monopoly on providing service, with government supervising and regulating what the utility can charge. The general idea of this government price-setting is to permit a maximum annual profit return, say 5% per year, on the utility company’s net investment in plant and equipment (net meaning after accumulated depreciation). The precise language and formula used to translate this into unit prices will vary from place to place. The ideal situation for a public utility is one where the population of the service area is expanding and new capacity is continually needed. If so, regulators are happy to authorize a generous return on plant, to make it easier for the utility to raise money for expansion in bond and stock markets. mature service areas Once the service area matures, which is the case in most of the US, the situation changes significantly. Customers are no longer clamoring to get more electric power or water. They have them already. What they want now is lower rates. At the same time, premium returns are no longer needed to raise new money in the capital markets. The result is that public service commissions begin to reduce the allowable return on plant–downward pressure that there’s no obvious reason to stop. In turn, utility company managements typically respond in two ways: invest cash flow in higher-potential return non-utility areas, and/or reduce operating costs. In fact, doing the second can generate extra money to do the first. How does a utility reduce costs? One way is to merge with a utility in another area, to cut administrative expenses–the combined entity only needs one chairman, for example, one president, one personnel department… Also, if each utility has a hundred employees on call to respond to emergencies, arguably the combined utility only needs one hundred, not two. In the New York area, where I live, let’s say a hundred maintenance people come from Ohio during a blackout and another hundred from Pennsylvania to join a hundred local maintenance workers in New York. Heroic-sounding, and for the workers in question heroic in fact. But a generation ago each utility would each have employed three hundred maintenance workers locally, most of whom have since been laid off in cost-cutting drives. Of course, this also means fewer workers available to do routine maintenance, like making sure power lines won’t get tangles up in trees. the California example I don’t know all the details, but the bare bones of the situation are what I’ve described above: –the political imperative shifts from making it easier for the utility to raise new funds (i.e., allowing a generous return on plant) to keeping voters’ utility bills from increasing (i.e., lowering the permitted return). –the utility tries to maintain profits by spending less, including on repair and maintenance The utility sees no use in complaining about the lower return; the utility commission sees no advantage in pointing out that maintenance spending is declining (since a major cause is the commission lowering the allowable return). So both sides ignore the worry that repair and maintenance will eventually be reduced to a level where there’s a significant risk of power failure–or in California’s case, of fires. When a costly failure does occur, neither side has any incentive to reveal the political bargain that has brought it on. utilities as an investment In the old days, it was almost enough to look at the dividend yield of a given utility, on the assumption that all but the highest would be relatively stable. So utilities were viewed more or less as bond proxies. Because of the character of mature utilities, no longer. In addition, in today’s world a lot more is happening in this once-staid industry, virtually all of it, as I see things, to the disadvantage of the traditional utility. Renewables like wind and solar are now in the picture and made competitive with traditional power through government subsidies. Utilities are being broken up into separate transmission and generation companies, with transmission firms compelled to allow independent power generators to use their lines to deliver output to customers. While the California experience may be a once-in-a-lifetime extreme, to my mind utilities are no longer the boring, but safe bond proxies they were a generation or more ago. Quite the opposite. Snap (SNAP) and Tencent (0700:HK) selling: average cost or specific shares? I’ve had a Fidelity brokerage account for a long time. I’ve been relatively happy, with only two complaints: –The first is a “just me” concern. The Hong Kong stocks I own are always mispriced, except during Hong Kong trading hours. Other than when that market is live, prices are typically two days old. I’ve discussed this numerous times with Fidelity representatives (who probably think: “Oh, him again!”); I’ve also mentioned this in many surveys I’ve filled out over the years. Apparently, it isn’t important enough to fix. Every once in a while a Fidelity trader will advise me to trade these shares on the OTC market in the US, where they will be priced in my account, if accurate quotes are so important. I don’t see the advantage for me, since my experience is that in times of stress US volumes for stocks like these evaporates. In such circumstances, my observation is that prices can easily be 5% -10% less favorable in the US than in Hong Kong. They’re also cheaper to trade in Hong Kong, too, but that’s a lesser issue. –The second is more serious. For some years, brokers have been required to report gains an losses from trading in taxable accounts to the IRS. Determining selling price is straightforward. The default option Fidelity uses for the cost of the shares sold, however, is the average price paid for all the shares in the position. This is apparently the easiest thing for Fidelity to deliver. But it’s not always the best for the client. And the layout of the Fidelity online trade ticket doesn’t really highlight this important issue. Unless you click on the expanded ticket link at the bottom of the form, you won’t be able to specify the tax lots that will be sold. What is this about? Two considerations: –gains from stocks held for a year or less are taxed as ordinary income; gains on stocks held longer than that are taxed at the (lower) long-term gains rate (more information from Turbotax). So all other things being equal, it’s better to recognize a long-term gain than a short-term one. –I generally try to sell my highest-cost shares first. This results in recognizing the largest loss or smallest gain. A net loss can have a tax value (see the Turbotax link above); subject to the holding period rules, the smallest gain should also mean the smallest income tax payment. An example: Suppose I hold 100 shares of JPM that I’ve bought at $50 and another 100 at $80. Both lots are short-term. I decide to sell 100 shares and net $9000 for them. If at the time of sale I specify the shares with the $80 cost, my taxable gain is $1000. If I specify the $50 shares, my gain is $4000. (I would probably only do this if I expected to offset this gain with a loss from other stock sales or from losses carried forward from prior years.) If I let the Fidelity computer do the work, my capital gain is $2500. If I’m in the 25% tax bracket, my income tax on the sale will be $250, $625 or $1000–depending on how I handle my cost basis. Yes, I’ll likely sell the remainder of the position eventually, so I’m only postponing tax by choosing the highest cost shares. Even so, in the meantime I have more money to put back to work today if I minimize current taxes. technical analysis in the 21st century A reader asked last week what I think about technical analysis. This is my answer. what it is Technical analysis in the stock market is the attempt to predict future stock prices by studying current and past patterns in the buying and selling of stocks, stock indices and associated derivatives. The primary focus is on price and trading volume data. Technical analysis is typically contrasted with fundamental analysis, the attempt to predict future stock prices by studying macro- and microeconomic data relevant to publicly traded companies. The primary sources of these data are SEC-mandated disclosure of publicly traded company operating results and government and industry economic statistics. what the market is The stock market as the intersection of the objective financial/economic characteristics of publicly traded companies with the hopes and fears of the investors who buy and sell shares. Fundamental analysis addresses primarily the companies; technical analysis primarily addresses the hopes and fears. ebbing and flowing To be clear, I think there’s an awful lot of ridiculous stuff passing itself off as technical “wisdom.” The technical analyst’s bible (which I actually read a long time ago), the 1948 Technical Analysis of Stock Trends by Edwards and Magee, is now somewhere in my basement. I’ve never been able to make heads nor tails of most of it. On the other hand, in the US a century ago–and in markets today where reliable company financials aren’t available–individual investors had little else to guide them. the old days–technicals rule (by default) What individual investors looked for back then was unusual, pattern-breaking behavior in stock prices–because they had little else to alert them to positive/negative company developments. I think this can still be a very useful thing to do, provided you’ve watched the daily price movements of a lot of stocks over a long enough period of time that you can recognize when something strange is happening. the rise of fundamental analysis Starting in the 1930s, federal regulation began to force publicly traded companies to make fuller and more accurate disclosure of financial results. The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974 mandated minimum levels of competence in the management of pension plan assets, laying the foundation for the fundamentals-driven securities analysis and portfolio management professions we have today in the US. past the peak The rise of passive investing and the rationalization of investment banking after the financial crisis have together reduced the amount of high-quality fundamental research being done in the US. Academic investment theory, mostly lost in its wacky dreamworld of efficient markets, has never been a good training ground for analytic talent. The waning of the profession of fundamental analysis is opening the door, I think, to alternatives. algorithmic trading Let’s say it takes three years working under the supervision of a research director or a portfolio manager to become an analyst who can work independently. That’s expensive. Plus, good research directors are very hard to find. And the marketing people who generally run investment organizations have, in my experience, little ability to evaluate younger investment talent. In addition, traditional investment organizations are in trouble in part because they’ve been unable to keep pace with the markets despite their high-priced talent. The solution to beefing up research without breaking the bank? Algorithmic trading. I imagine investment management companies think that this is like replacing craft workers with the assembly line–more product at lower cost. Many of the software-engineered trading products will, I think, be based on technical analysis. Why? The data are readily available. Often, also, the simplest relationships are the most powerful. I don’t think that’s true in the stock market, but it will probably take time for algos to figure this out. My bottom line: technical analysis will increase in importance in the coming years for two reasons: the fading of traditional fundamental analysis, and the likelihood that software engineers hired by investment management companies will emphasize technicals, at least initially. Warren Buffett’s latest portfolio moves: the 4Q14 13-f Investment managers subject to SEC regulation (meaning basically everyone other than hedge funds) must file a quarterly report with the agency detailing significant changes in their portfolios. It’s called a 13-f. Today Berkshire Hathaway filed its 13-f for 4Q14. I can’t find it yet on the Edgar website, but there has been plenty of media coverage. Mr. Buffett has built up his media and industrial holdings, as well as adding to his IBM. The more interesting aspect of the report is that it shows him selling off major energy holdings–ExxonMobil, which he had acquired about two years ago, and ConocoPhillips, which he had been selling for some time. Neither has worked out well. There’s also a smaller sale of shares in oilfield services firm National Oilwell Varco and a buy of tar sands miner Suncor–both presumably moves made by one of the two prospective heirs working as portfolio managers at the firm (whose portfolios are much smaller than Buffett’s. Buffett has told investors to figure smaller buys and sells are theirs.) Three observations: –the Buffett moves would have been exciting–maybe even daring–in 1980. Today, they seem more like changing exhibits in a museum. –if I were interested in Energy and thought it more likely that oil prices would rise than fall, I’d be selling XOM, too. After all, it’s one of the lowest beta (that is, least sensitive to oil price changes) members of the sector. But I’d be buying shale oil and tar sands companies that have solid operations and that have been trampled on Wall Street in the rush to the door of the past half-year or so. That doesn’t appear to be Mr. Buffett’s strategy, however. His idea seems to be to cut his losses and shift to areas like Consumer discretionary. (A more aggressive stance would be to increase energy holdings by buying the high beta stocks now, with the intention of paring back later by selling things like XOM as prices begin to rise.) NOTE: I’m not recommending that anyone actually do this stuff. I’m just commenting on what the holdings changes imply about what Mr. Buffett’s strategy must be. –early in my career, I interviewed for a job (which I didn’t get) with a CIO who was building a research department for a new venture. I was a candidate because I was, at the time, an expert on natural resources. The CIO said the thought there were three key positions any research department must fill: technology, finance and natural resources. All require specialized knowledge. I’d toss healthcare into the ring, as well. I’d also observe that stock performance in these more technical areas is influenced much less by the companies’ financial statements than is the case with standard industrial or consumer names. Mr. Buffett is an expert on financials–he runs a gigantic insurance company, after all. On tech and resources, not so much, in my opinion. Financials are the second-largest sector in the S&P 500, making up 16% of the total. Tech makes up 19.5%; Energy is 8.3%; Healthcare 14.9%. The latter three total 42.7% of the index. As a portfolio manager, it’s hard enough to beat the index in the first place. Being weak in two-fifths of it makes the task even harder.
How to get the most out of a Q&A session Q&A tips It’s not always easy to speak up during a Q&A session. You might feel too nervous to talk in front of others, or not having clear what to ask! Don’t feel like the only one having these feelings, many people are scared about public speaking but since asking for more information is the key to improving your understanding of a given subject, it can be helpful to ask for information in the right way. Here there are some tips to get prepared to your Q&A session: 1. Wait for the right time. Hold on to your question until you’re prompted for it, in this way the speaker will be able to reach a good stopping point and give you a detailed answer. 2. Book you for a question On a common classroom situation this would be the most common and courteous way of letting the speaker know that you have a question. During an interactive Q&A session it might be useful for you to book your time to ask by writing it on the community chat. It will help you get noticed in a room full of students. 3. Advice the speaker that you have a question If the speaker fails to notice that you booked a time for your question, you can politely alert him during a break time within the session. Just remember to be careful to not talk over the speaker and your colleagues, wait until you’re called on before you begin talking. 4. See if you can come up with the answer yourself. You may already have the information you need to find out what it is you want to know. Before you ask a question, think it over and make sure it’s something you can’t find out on your own. 5. Keep your question brief. Formulate your question to be short and straight to the point, so that speaker will be able to answer exactly to what are your needs. To avoid confusion, the first thing you say should be a key question word: who, what, where, when, why or how. Speak in a clear, audible voice. Articulate your words and make sure the speaker and the rest of the class can hear you. Your colleagues might find interesting what you asked. 6. Ask for specific information Point out exactly what you need to be clarified. The key to do this is to word your question carefully so that you can receive the information you’re missing. 7. Listen attentively to the answer Listen carefully to the speaker while he is answering to you, or take notes so that you can look over them later. Once the answer has been explained satisfactorily remember to say thank you! 8. Write down your questions before the beginning of the session Prepare your questions before the beginning of the session, you will have clearer what you need to know. While collecting the information that you would like to receive always remember to be clear and concise.
Using plot command interactively - English 47934 visits Use Python 3.4.3 Use Ipython version 5.1.0 Start IPython with pylab. ImportError if matplotlib is not installed clf() function Use the linspace function to create equally spaced points in a region. Find the length of sequences using len function. Plot mathematical functions using plot. Clear drawing area using clf. Usage of buttons in the UI of the plot window such as - save, zoom, move axis, back and forward and Home
Skip to main content All You Need To Know About Motor Oil Cold Flow Winter (Cold) flow wear factors in your engine Engineers agree that most engine wear occurs during cold starts. While the exact percentage depends on several factors and is difficult to define, the reasons include the following… • A richer air/fuel mixture at startup washes oil from the cylinder walls • Condensation forms inside the engine that causes rust and corrosion • Cold piston rings and cylinders don’t seal as well, causing combustion gases to “blow by” the rings and contaminate the oil • Gravity causes much of the oil to fall back into the oil sump, leaving components unprotected • Cold oil doesn’t flow immediately at startup, temporarily starving the engine of oil While all these factors are important, lack of oil due to poor cold-flow properties is the biggest culprit. Fortunately, there’s something you can do about it. “Cold” isn’t just for winter First, it’s important to define a “cold” start. While true that oil thickens more in sub-zero winter weather and causes increased starting difficulty, an engine is considered “cold” after it’s sat long enough to cool to ambient temperature, typically overnight. Even in warm climates, cold-start wear is a problem. The oil inside your engine cools as it sits overnight. As it cools, its viscosity increases (it thickens). When it’s time to start your vehicle in the morning, the thicker oil doesn’t flow through the engine as readily as it does when it’s at operating temperature. It’s during this time that vital engine parts can operate without lubrication, increasing wear. The problem is more pronounced the colder it gets, particularly if you’re using conventional motor oil. Waxes solidify in the cold Conventional lubricants contain paraffins, or waxes, that solidify when the temperature drops. These waxes cause the oil to thicken. In the comparison shown here, we cooled a conventional oil and AMSOIL Signature Series 5W 30 Synthetic Motor Oil (ASL) to -40ºF. The conventional oil on the left thickened so much it barely flowed from the beaker. If that oil were inside your engine on a cold morning, it could prevent the crankshaft from spinning fast enough to start the engine, leaving you stranded. Even if the engine started, you wouldn’t be out of the woods. Thick, cold oil can fail to flow through the tiny screen openings on the oil pickup tube (see facing page), starving the engine of oil for several vital moments before the oil begins to heat up and flow throughout the engine. In addition, thick oil can fail to flow through the tiny passages in the crankshaft to lubricate the main bearings. Similar oil passages in the camshaft ensure the engine’s upper end is lubricated (see facing page). The further away from the oil pump these oil passages reside, the longer it takes the oil to reach components at startup, placing your engine at increased risk of wear. Poor lubricant cold-flow properties can also affect variable valve timing (VVT) systems. Engines equipped with VVT have solenoids with tiny openings through which the oil flows and acts as a hydraulic fluid to actuate VVT components. The solenoid pictured to the right, from a Ford* 3.5L EcoBoost* engine, contains openings .007 inches across – about the thickness of two sheets of paper. Oil that fails to flow through these tiny passages reduces VVT performance and can trigger a check-engine light. Here’s how to protect your engine AMSOIL synthetic motor oils provide better cold-flow properties than conventional oils. Our synthetic base oils don’t contain the waxes inherent to conventional oils. As a result, they demonstrate reduced pour points and provide increased fluidity during cold starts. This translates into oil that flows almost immediately through the oil pickup screen and other tiny oil passages when you start your engine, protecting it against wear. Look at the oil’s pour point to gauge its ability to flow quickly at startup, typically reported on the oil’s data bulletin. Pour point is the coldest point at which an oil will flow. Lower values equal improved cold-flow and maximum wear protection. AMSOIL Signature Series 5W-30 Synthetic Motor Oil, for example, provides a pour point of -50ºF (-58ºC). Pique prospects’ curiosity This type of information can help you create curiosity about AMSOIL products and lead someone from not looking for lubricants to looking for AMSOIL products. Ask pointed questions or provide useful information, such as… • Most engine wear occurs during cold starts. Do you take steps to guard against start-up wear? • Even in warm climates an engine is considered “cold” after it’s sat overnight. • Do you ever have trouble starting your truck on cold mornings? Once they’ve shown interest, offer more technical explanation if required and offer AMSOIL synthetic motor oil as a solution to difficult cold starts and accelerated cold-start wear. A little known fact The differences in brands comparing a 5W-30 to the protection of a 10W-30 or 0W-30 can even be critical to the prevention of wear in the 50 to 65 degree F range. So just because you may live in a southern climate doesn’t mean you are in the green with a older specification viscosity.. A more advanced oil brand allows you to take advantage of the tech of the latest (lowest allowable) start-up viscosity year round. How Engine Sludge Forms. And How To Prevent It. Engine Sludge Is Easily Avoidable Engine sludge. Here’s what we’ll cover: • How engine sludge forms • The effects of engine sludge • Synthetic oil helps prevent engine sludge • High-quality additives fight engine sludge • Severe service invites engine sludge How engine sludge forms Engine sludge is the result of a series of chemical reactions. The lubricant degrades as it is exposed to oxygen and elevated temperatures. The higher the temperature, the more rapid the rate of degradation. In fact, every 18°F (10°C) increase in temperature doubles the rate of oxidation. Many people still believe any oil is fine as long as you change it often but 95% of the brands out there do not address that inch of protection when you really need it!! We’ve all had issues where the engine is overheating or some situation where adequate lubrication isn’t available. AMSOIL offers 75% more protection when you need it and our diesel oils offer 6X more protection than required by industry testing. The by-products of this reaction form highly reactive compounds that further degrade the lubricant. Their by-products react with other contaminants, forming organic acids and high-molecular-weight polymeric products. These products further react, forming the insoluble product known more commonly as sludge. What begins as a thin film of lacquer or varnish deposits on hot or cold metal surfaces and bakes into an expensive mess. The effects of engine sludge Sludge can block the oil passages and oil-pump pick-up screen, resulting in oil starvation. Often, the negative effects are cumulative rather than sudden. Who doesn’t want a cooler engine? Sludge, even the early stages prevents the engine from dispersing heat efficiently. Why would you risk a Group III “synthetic” which does leave deposits adding to or resulting into an engine which struggles to exhaust heat. Synthetic oil helps prevent engine sludge Fortunately, sludge and varnish deposits are something oil manufacturers can control. Using thermally stable synthetic base oils reduces the rate of degradation (oxidation). (Yes – and that is “Real 100%” Synthetics – not the ones they currently call “Fully”.. High-quality additives fight engine sludge Additives, such as detergents and dispersants, are commonly part of motor oil formulation. They help promote the suspension of contaminants within the oil and keep them from agglomerating. Detergents, which are also alkaline in nature, assist in neutralizing acids generated in the sludge-building process. Anti-oxidant, dispersant and detergent additives are consumed during use. To achieve maximum life expectancy, use an oil with high concentrations of anti-oxidant, dispersant and detergent additives. AMSOIL Signature Series Synthetic Motor Oil, for example, has 50 percent more detergents* to help keep oil passages clean and promote oil circulation. It provides 90 percent better protection against sludge*. Signature Series Synthetic Motor Oil was subjected to the Sequence VG test to measure its ability to prevent sludge. Signature Series produced an oil pick-up tube screen virtually free from sludge. Our unique combination of detergents and high-quality base oils control oxidation and sludge to keep engines clean and efficient. PDF of the test where AMSOIL has this done (Southwest Research) AMSOIL Signature Series virtually prevented engine sludge on this oil pick-up screen. Buy Signature Series Severe service invites engine sludge Equipment operating conditions also influence the likelihood of sludge or varnish issues. Stop-and-go driving, frequent/long-term idling and operation in excessively hot or cold weather can increase the likelihood of sludge and varnish, especially if using more volatile conventional oils. If sludge has already formed, you can use an engine flush to clean sludge from your engine. Interestingly, most auto manufacturers note in their owner’s manual that operation under any of the above conditions is considered severe service and requires more frequent oil changes. From a mechanical standpoint, things like adding too much oil to the oil sump, antifreeze contamination, excessive soot loading, excessive oil foaming, poor engine-combustion efficiency, excessive blow-by and emission-control-system issues can all lead to the formation of sludge and varnish. Taking it a step further which many of our customers do – to make sure your vehicle is always running in peak condition one thing is to have your oil analyzed. I do it not so much to see how the oil is doing but to measure what may be going on in the engine to deplete detergents or to test for any out of typical wear levels, fuel in the crankcase, and to see if the viscosity is still on par. Oil analysis kits are easy to use especially when you have the dipstick extraction pump. vs. AMSOIL OE Motor Oil **Based on independent testing of AMSOIL Signature Series 5W-30 in the ASTM D6593 engine test for oil screen plugging as required by the API SN PLUS specification. What are CAFÉ Standards? What are CAFÉ Standards? The energy crisis of the 1970s led to modern CAFE standards. Some claim the standards are too strict, will cost jobs and will take money from people’s pockets as vehicles become more expensive. Allegations of the Obama administration engaging in last-minute shenanigans to maintain the standard ensued. On the flip side, others say that maintaining the current standard will strengthen our energy policy, reduce greenhouse gases and create jobs. Either way, President Trump decided to re-examine the standard and determine whether or not to scale it back. A decision may not come until April 2018. Allegations of the Trump administration engaging in shenanigans have since ensued. I’m not getting into any of that. Instead, what’s the point CAFÉ standards and how did they begin? Remember the Yom Kippur War of 1973? Me, either. I do, however, recall images of the gas lines of the 1970s. My parents occasionally dust off one of those stories about waiting hours for gas – if there was any – whenever we spoiled brats complain about $2.00/gal. gas. Well, the U.S. decided to back Israel in the Yom Kippur War, and the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) expressed its disdain by shutting off the crude-oil spigot to America. The result? The price of oil quadrupled by March 1974. Inevitably, the price of gas jumped, too, leading to widespread gas shortages and sticker shock when drivers rolled up to the pump in their massive, gas-chugging V-8s. Things took another turn for the worse in 1979 after tempers again flared in the Middle East, this time involving Iran and Iraq, which pushed gas to record highs. The average price per gallon hit $2.64 in 1981, higher than today’s price. By that time, the U.S. government had responded with its first set of CAFÉ standards, enacted in 1975. Each automaker’s auto fleet would have to deliver an average of 18 mpg by 1978 or face penalties. The standard, in theory, would reduce our dependency on foreign oil and mitigate future disruptions to the supply chain. Take that, OPEC. Better engines = better fuel economy The CAFÉ standards have steadily grown more strict over the years. They also include trucks today, and the number is typically reported as the average between an automaker’s cars and light trucks. Automakers have developed several new technologies to boost average fuel economy. • Vehicles today are much lighter than those of yesteryear, with the aluminum-bodied Ford F-150 representing the poster child for modern light-weighting. • Fuel injectors replaced the carburetor back the in 1980s, allowing for more precise fuel delivery. • Cylinder deactivation has evolved from fascinating space-age marvel to ho-hum technology, helping bigger vehicles squeeze a few more miles out of each gallon. • Turbochargers help smaller engines make more power, allowing automakers to use a four-cylinder engine where they once used a V-6. • Variable valve timing adjusts when the valves open and close in relation to operating conditions, boosting efficiency. • Direct fuel injection takes precision fuel delivery to another level. • Synthetic lubricants reduce energy lost to friction, while lower-viscosity lubricants reduce pumping losses. Plus, hybrid and electric vehicles are popping up in most automakers’ fleets to help increase their fleet-wide mpg average. • And, of course, most of these advancements wouldn’t be possible without computers now performing thousands of calculations per second as you drive, endlessly searching for the ideal confluence of performance and fuel economy. And it all started with the Yom Kippur War. Whatever happens in the latest battle of the CAFÉ standards, you can bet the automakers are going to keep ramping up their engine technology to get the most mpg possible. Synthetic motor oil was made for strict CAFE standards Many of these new advancements take a toll on the engine, too, which fellow blogger Josh Kimmes talked about recently. Modern engines run hotter, suffer increased stress and generate more contaminants in the motor oil, all on drain intervals much longer than the old 3,000-mile standby of years gone by. Is there any wonder why many automakers now use synthetic lubricants in their vehicles and recommend them as the service fill? Upgrade your vehicle to AMSOIL synthetic lubricants to take full advantage of the amazing technology we’re seeing in the market today. They deliver outstanding wear protection and engine cleanliness, while maximizing fuel economy, too. What good is driving the most advanced engine in the world if you don’t protect it with an oil just as advanced? Wherever you stand on the issues, we can all agree on that.
From parent/teacher conferences to football games, fall is a busy time of year. Getting good rest and the right amount of sleep not only helps you recharge, but can also keep away those yucky seasonal colds. Your environment greatly impacts your sleep patterns, so we’ve gathered a few ways your home can help you sleep. With school back in full swing, it seems the morning alarm clock always comes too soon. Getting a solid amount of sleep is critical for your and your family’s health and well-being. Your home actually plays a big part in the quality of rest that you get. We’ve gathered a few strategies you can apply at home to create a surrounding that supports good sleep! Plan Your Bedtime Shower The time you shower can assist your shuteye schedule. The University of Texas at Austin conducted a study that showed the time you shower or bathe can improve your nightly slumber. Bathing in warm to hot water just one to two hours before bed can help you fall asleep 10 minutes faster than usual. The optimal time is 90 minutes before bed and the best water temperature is 104-109 degrees fahrenheit. Use an aromatherapy Sleep body wash and you’ll be snoozing like a baby in no time. Use “Warm” lighting Humans have been around for about 150,000 years, while the use of electricity has only been around for the past 140 years. Even then, most Americans didn’t have electricity until the 1930s. Our brain evolved to register “blue light” as a message to “wake up” (initially deriving from the bright blue morning sky). Our brain registers “yellow light” as a message to “wind down” (initially deriving from candle light or bonfires in the evening). After the sun sets, make sure to only have a few warmly lit lamps on to create an ambient glow in your space. Also try your best to not hold electronics close to your eyes as bright light alerts your brain to stay awake. Get a “Pink Noise” Fan Okay, we know that a fan blasting cool air isn’t necessarily cozy, but it DOES promote better sleep. This special sleep-inducing fan actually creates “pink noise” instead of “white noise.” Pink noise fluctuates from high to low frequencies like noises found in nature (ocean waves, rain, wind). It’s been found that pink noise improves the duration of deep REM stages of sleep, which are the more refreshing, restful stages of sleep contributing to better brain health. Create a designated “retreat” space If you are tossing and turning while stressing about the minutes ticking by, it’s actually recommended to get out of bed. Find an area in your home to create a spot you can retreat to during those restless nights. Plant a book to read to fatigue your eyes (go for one that’s wordy and slow versus a suspenseful thriller). You can try placing a meditation cushion in this area, so you can sit comfortably on the floor to do some sleep-inducing breathwork. Make sure this retreat space is cozy with blankets and items that will help take your mind off the morning. Once you feel sleepy, return back to bed. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
Antibacterial implants could prevent infections, save patients' lives December 13, 1999 University of Washington researchers have developed a method of crafting medical implants from an antibacterial polymer that could prevent thousands of patients from dying of hospital-acquired infections each year. The polymer slowly releases an antibiotic to keep bacteria from establishing a foothold. It could be used to prevent infections around such commonly used devices as catheters as well as more permanent implants, such as pacemakers, according to Buddy Ratner, UW professor of bioengineering and director of the University of Washington Engineered Biomaterials (UWEB) program. A two-article series on the technique appears in this month's issue of the Journal of Controlled Release. Infections linked to devices that are inserted into patients are a serious hospital problem, according to Ratner. "People don't realize that even commonly used devices like catheters account for about 50,000 hospital deaths in the United States each year, many of them because of infection," Ratner said. Catheters, which are used on patients who require a long regimen of intravenous drugs, are initially sterile, but they can become gathering spots for dangerous microorganisms. "Once the bacteria get on the device, they are extremely difficult to remove and very resistant to treatment," Ratner said. "It can take 100 times the concentration of an antibiotic to kill the bacteria when they are attached as it takes to kill them when they're free." The reason may be a protective biofilm that bacteria produce after they become established. When that happens, often the only way to treat the infection is to remove the device from the patient. The key to stopping infections, then, lies in killing bacteria that come near the device before they form an attachment, Ratner said. "We found a way to put the antibiotic just on the surface of the device where it interfaces with the body's fluids," he said. "What we've developed is a slowly released micro-aura of the antibiotic. It only takes a small amount because it's right where you need it." To accomplish that, the researchers first combined the antibiotic ciprofloxacin with a polymer called polyethylene glycol - an approved food additive - and mixed that with the polyurethane used to make medical implants. That made an even, homogeneous material that released the drug in a uniform manner, Ratner said, "but the release was too quick." To manage the rate of release, researchers used a plasma process to coat the material with an ultrathin layer of another polymer, butyl methacrylate. When a device is implanted in the body, fluids pass through that thin, permeable outer coating and dissolve the polyethylene glycol, which makes the polyurethane porous. The antibiotic then leaches out of the polyurethane. The coating acts as a barrier to the antibiotic, controlling the rate at which it is released to the surface of the device. "The outer coating is just 10 or 20 atoms thick," Ratner said. "It makes for a very controlled, slow release." Tests showed that the system maintains a protective drug cloak for at least five days. The technology has another advantage for hospital patients - it prevents the development of drug-resistant bugs when some of the bacteria are exposed to an antibiotic and survive. "With our method, the concentration of the drug is high enough that it kills all of the bacteria that get into the zone around the device," Ratner said. The first article of the series in the Journal of Controlled Release is co-authored by Ratner, Bioengineering Professor Thomas Horbett and UW bioengineering graduate student Connie S. Kwock in collaboration with researchers in Montana and Connecticut. The second is the work of Ratner, Kwock and Horbett For more information, contact Ratner at (206) 685-1005, (206) 616-9718 or University of Washington Related Bacteria Articles from Brightsurf: Siblings can also differ from one another in bacteria How bacteria fertilize soya Bacteria might help other bacteria to tolerate antibiotics better Two-faced bacteria Microcensus in bacteria Right beneath the skin we all have the same bacteria Bacteria must be 'stressed out' to divide How bees live with bacteria The bacteria building your baby Hopping bacteria
Rising sea level to leave hundreds of millions homeless Rising sea level to leave hundreds of millions homeless Global warming causes rise in sea level Most refugees fleeing persecution, famine or civil strife dream of one thing: going home someday. But when rising seas displace hundreds of millions of people -- a near certainty, scientists say -- it will be an exodus with no hope of return. "With sea level rise, we are talking about migrations without the option for a round-trip," Francois Gemenne, an expert on the intersection between geopolitics and the environment, and director of the Hugo Observatory in Liege, Belgium, told AFP. The global ocean waterline has crept up 15 to 20 centimetres since 1900, a direct effect of climate change. Until recently, that added volume was mostly due to water expanding as it warms. Today, however, meltwater from glaciers and especially ice sheets atop Greenland and Antarctica has become the main driver. The pace of sea level rise has also picked up, increasing nearly three-fold in the last decade compared to the previous century, a landmark UN assessment of oceans and Earth's frozen spaces to be unveiled next week will report. How high the oceans will be lifted by 2100 depends mainly on how much Earth heats up. If humanity caps global warming at two degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels -- the cornerstone goal of the Paris climate treaty -- seas will rise by about half-a-metre, according to a draft of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report seen by AFP. A 3C or 4C world in which efforts to curb greenhouse emissions have fallen short will likely see an increase closer to a metre, enough to wreak havoc in dozens of coastal megacities and render many island nations uninhabitable. "Some small islands in the Pacific and Indian Ocean are merely one to two metres above sea level," Carlos Fuller, lead climate negotiator for the Association of Small Island States (AOSIS), told AFP. "A 1.2-metre rise would totally submerge these states." But even these dire impacts are a trickle compared to the torrent to come because ice sheets will continue to shed mass for hundreds of years, scientists warn. In the 22nd century, the pace of sea-level rise is likely to jump 100-fold from 3.6 millimetres per year today to several centimetres annually. Even if global warming is capped at 2C, oceans will eventually rise enough to submerge areas home to 280 million people today, according to the IPCC report. The potential for destruction -- already evident today -- comes mainly from tropical storm surge. "Two degrees of warming translates into more than 4.5 metres of sea level rise, probably six," Ben Straus, CEO and chief scientist of Climate Central, told AFP. "That's enough to erase most of the cities on the coastlines across the world today." Local and national governments around the world are starting to come to grips with the reality of current and future sea level rise. Some countries are getting ahead of the problem by moving vulnerable populations. Indonesia announced last month that it will relocate its capital -- along with millions of it residents -- from Jakarta to Borneo. Vietnam, meanwhile, is engineering an exodus from parts of the Mekong Delta to higher ground. Local governments in Florida and Louisiana have created incentives to move people from flood-prone areas, and Britain has earmarked at least one vulnerable village in Wales to be "decommissioned". "The message is that sea level rise is affecting the rich and the poor, developed and developing countries," said Fuller. Some are taking an engineering approach. New York, for example, has a plan likely to cost tens of billions to protect parts of the city inundated in 2012 by Hurricane Sandy. "A lot of places will build higher and higher levies," said Strauss. "But as we adapt to sea-level rise, we need to ask ourselves: how deep a bowl do we want to live in?" Strauss's research, which informs the IPCC report, has estimated what percentage of the population in hundreds of major coastal cities today are in zones that will eventually be submerged with 2C of warming. "Consider the political instability that has been triggered by relatively small levels of migration today," Strauss said. "I shudder to think of the future world when tens of millions of people are moving because the ocean is eating their land." Cities with five million inhabitants or more in which at least 20 per cent of today's population would eventually be displaced in a 2C world include: Barisal and Chittagong in Bangladesh (38 and 42 percent of the cities' current populations); Hong Kong, Huaiyin, Jiangmen, Nantong and Taizhou in China (31, 42, 55, 72 and 67 percent); Calcutta and Mumbai in India (24 and 27 percent); Nagoya and Osaka in Japan (27 and 26 percent); Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam (28 and 45 percent); Lagos, Manila, Bangkok (23, 26 and 42 percent). "Governments are going to have to decide which zones they are going to protect with dikes and levees, and which zones they are willing to sacrifice," said Gemenne. There is an ethical dimension to the problem as well, said Michael Mann, director of the Earth System Science Center at Pennsylvania State University. "People with means can move elsewhere," he told AFP. "People without those means get stuck in dangerous areas that will be flooded and subject to toxic tides."
500 members Apple's Operating Systems Are Malware This typically takes the form of malicious functionalities. Back Doors Apple mainly uses iOS, which is a typical jail, to impose censorship through the Apple Store. Please refer to the Apple Jails section for more information. In this section, we list characteristics of Apple programs that block or hinder users from switching to any alternative program—and, in particular, from switching to free software which can liberate the device the software runs on. Various proprietary programs often mess up the user's system. They are like sabotage, but they are not grave enough to qualify for the word “sabotage”. Nonetheless, they are nasty and wrong. This section describes examples of Apple committing interference. Jails are systems that impose censorship on application programs. • Apple plans to require that all application software for MacOS be approved by Apple first. • iOS, the operating system of the Apple iThings, is the prototype of a jail. It was Apple that introduced the practice of designing general purpose computers with censorship of application programs. Here is an article about the code signing that the iThings use to lock up the user. Curiously, Apple is beginning to allow limited passage through the walls of the iThing jail: users can now install apps built from source code, provided the source code is written in Swift. Users cannot do this freely because they are required to identify themselves. Here are details. While this is a crack in the prison walls, it is not big enough to mean that the iThings are no longer jails. Examples of censorship by Apple jails Proprietary companies can take advantage of their customers by imposing arbitrary limits to their use of the software. This section reports examples of hard sell and other unjust commercial tactics by Apple. These are situations in which Apple employs its power over users to directly intervene in ways that harm them or block their work. Available for this page: [en] English [de] Deutsch [es] español [fr] français [it] italiano [ja] 日本語 [nl] Nederlands [ru] русский
Examples of area of plane shapes Area is the quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional shape. The area can be understood as the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat. The area of a shape can be measured by comparing the shape to squares of a fixed size 1 m^2 or 1 cm^2 etc. Every unit of length has a corresponding unit of area. Areas can be measured in square metres (m^2), square centimetres (cm^2), square millimetres (mm^2), square kilometres (km^2), square feet (ft^2), square yards (yd^2), square miles (mi^2), and so forth. Number of problems found: 757 • Area of a triangle • Folding table stol_rozkladaci The folding kitchen table has a rectangular shape with an area of 168dm2 (side and is 14 dm long). If necessary, it can be enlarged by sliding two semi-circular plates (at sides b). How much percent will the table area increase? The result round to one-hu • The funnel kuzel_rs The funnel has the shape of an equilateral cone. Calculate the content of the area wetted with water if you pour 3 liters of water into the funnel. • Diameter to area circle_eq_1 Find the area of a circle whose diameter is 26cm. • The plaster cast pyramid_4s The plaster cast has the shape of a regular quadrilateral pyramid. The cover consists of four equilateral triangles with a 5 m side. Calculate its volume and surface area. • Concrete pedestal krychle_10 The carpenters made wooden mold on a concrete pedestal in the shape of a cube with edge 2 meter long. What is the area in which the concrete touches wooden molds? (No lid or bottom) • Annular area • The roof odsek The roof has the shape of a spherical canopy with a base diameter of 8 m and a height of 2 m, calculate the area of the foil with which the roof is covered, when we calculate 13% for waste and residues. • Area to perimeter circle11_3 Calculate circle circumference if its area is 254.34cm2 • Rectangle vs square • Area of square big-square Calculate the content area of the square whose perimeter is 24 dm. • Perimeter to area • Area of rectangle rectangle_9 Calculate the rectangle area in square meters whose sides have dimensions a = 80dm and b = 160dm. • Seagull • Content area and percents squares_8 Determine what percentage is smaller cube surface, when the surface area of the wall decreases by 25%. • The room • Area of rectangle • Area of ditch • Horses playground kone_dzokej The fence for the horses has the shape of a rectangular trapezoid with an area of 400 m2, the base lengths should be 31 m and 19 m. How many meters of boards will they need to fence it if the boards are stacked in 5 rows? • Acreage pozemek Plot has a diamond shape, its side is 25.6 m long and the distance of the opposite sides is 22.2 meters. Calculate its acreage. See also more information on Wikipedia.
One end of a metal rod is in contact with a thermal reservoir at 731 K, and the other end is in contact with a thermal reservoir at 107 K. The rod and reservoirs make up a closed system. If 6450 J are conducted from one end of the rod to the other uniformly (no change in temperature along the rod) ... a) ... what is the change in entropy of the 731-K reservoir? b) ... what is the change in entropy of the 107-K reservoir? c) ... what is the change in entropy of the rod? d) ... what is the change in entropy of the system? 1. 👍 2. 👎 3. 👁 1. Don't you ever shyow your work, maria? When you do, I will be glad to help. Start with the definition of entropy change, (Heat added)/T 1. 👍 2. 👎 Respond to this Question First Name Your Response Similar Questions 1. physics A uniform metal rod of length 80cm and mass 3.2kg is supported horizontally by two vertical springs balances C and D.Balance C is 20cm from one end and while balance D is 30cm from the other end.Find the reading on each balance. 2. Physics According to the Guinness Book of World Records (1990 edition, p. 169), the highest rotary speed ever attained was 2010 m/s (4500 mph). The rotating rod was 15 cm (5.9 in) long. Assume the speed quoted is that of the end of the 3. Physics Three identical balls, with masses M, 2M, and 3M are fastened to a massless rod of length L as shown. The rotational inertia about the left end of the rod is: That's the layout below. Would calculus be needed in this problem 4. physics The figure shows an overhead view of a 3.00-kg plastic rod of length 1.20 m on a table. One end of the rod is attached to the table, and the rod is free to pivot about this point without friction. A disk of mass 37.0 g slides 1. physics class-Help!!! A 3.0 m rod is pivoted about its left end.A force of 6.0 N is applied perpendicular to the rod at a distance of 1.2 m from the pivot causing a ccw torque, and a force of 5.2 is applied at the end of the rod 3.0 m from the pivot. 2. Physics A nonuniform 2.0-kg rod is 2.0 m long. The rod is mounted to rotate freely about a horizontal axis perpendicular to the rod that passes through one end of the rod. The moment of inertia of the rod about this axis is 4.0 kg m2. The 3. Physics A uniform rod is 4m long and weighs 10 kg.if it is supported on a knife edge at one metre from the end what weight placed at that end keeps the rod horizontal? 4. Physics A long thin rod of mass M = 2:00 kg and length L = 75:0 cm is free to rotate about its center as shown. Two identical masses (each of mass m = .403 kg) slide without friction along the rod. The two masses begin at the rod's point 1. Physics One end of a uniform 3.20-m-long rod of weight Fg is supported by a cable at an angle of θ = 37° with the rod. The other end rests against the wall, where it is held by friction as shown in the figure below. The coefficient of 2. Physics A uniform meter rod of weight 40N has a piece of metal of weight 20N attached to one of its end. The centre of gravity of system from the weighted end is? 3. Physics A mass of 100g is attached to one end of a massless rod, 10cm in length, which is pivoted about the opposite end. The rod is held vertical, with the mass at the top, and released. The rod swings. A. What is the speed of the mass 4. physics Two blocks, each of mass m, are attached to the ends of a massless rod which pivots as shown in Figure 8-40. Initially the rod is held in the horizontal position and then released. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the net You can view more similar questions or ask a new question.
Anemia After Surgery Causes and Treatment of Postoperative Anemia Table of Contents View All Anemia is a general term for an abnormally low number of red blood cells (RBC) circulating through the body. Postoperative anemia is one of the known risks of surgery. A complete blood test (CBC) is a test run before and after surgery to check the levels of different types of cells in your blood, including the RBC count A CBC can tell the surgical team if blood loss during surgery was significant enough to warrant a transfusion. Oftentimes, the surgeon has a good idea of how much blood was lost during surgery but will assess the degree of postoperative anemia with blood work. symptoms of anemia Verywell / Theresa Chiechi Anemia signs and symptoms can range from mild to severe. Postoperative anemia is not all that uncommon, affecting around 90% of people following surgery, although the problem tends to be transient and will not require a transfusion. If postoperative anemia does develop, symptoms may include: • Fatigue • Weakness • Increased heart rate • Shortness of breath • Headaches • Dizziness • Chest pain • Pale skin If anemia is present prior to surgery, determining the cause and correcting the problem is important, especially if the anemia is severe. Preoperative anemia is associated with an increased risk of postoperative infection, respiratory failure, stroke, heart attack, and kidney failure, particularly in older adults, according to a 2013 review in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. Anemia is broadly defined as a lower-than-normal number of red blood cells or hemoglobin (the molecule that transports oxygen in red blood cells). Anemia develops when an individual either makes too few red blood cells and/or is losing an abnormally high number of red blood cells through bleeding. Bleeding is common during and after surgery and can range in severity from mild to life-threatening. Minimally invasive surgery involving smaller incisions causes less blood loss than open surgery. People with bleeding disorders like hemophilia are commonly advised to undergo laparoscopy ("keyhole surgery") rather than an open surgery if at all possible. Today, an increasing number of surgeries can be performed laparoscopically, reducing the risk of complications as well as recovery times. Trauma surgery is associated with significant amounts of bleeding. Some injuries, such as a compound fracture of a major bone, are associated with significant blood loss. A CBC and hemoglobin test are the primary tests used to evaluate anemia prior to and following surgery. Each test has a reference range of values—including an upper and lower value—between which the count is considered "normal." RBC and hemoglobin values below the reference range are indicative of anemia. Test Group Normal Reference Range RBC Men 4.7 to 6.1 million cells per microliter (mcL) Women 4.2 to 5.4 million mcL Children 4.0 to 5.5 million mcL Hemoglobin Men 14 to 18 grams per deciliter (gm/dL) Women 12 to 16 gm/dL Children 11 to 13 gm/dL Because postoperative anemia tends to be transient in healthy individuals, many surgeons won’t order a transfusion until the hemoglobin is in the 8.0 to 10.0 gm/dL range and the blood loss is severely affecting blood oxygen levels or respiration. Anemia is treated based on the underlying cause. If an individual has iron deficiency anemia, for example, an iron supplement is typically the best option. For someone with significant blood loss from surgery or trauma, a blood transfusion is the most direct and effective means of treatment. The risks associated with blood transfusions are low. In rare instances, an allergic reaction may occur. Due to the routine screening of the blood supply in the United States, the risk of infections (such as viral hepatitis and HIV) is extremely low. According to the American Red Cross, the risk of HIV, hepatitis C, and hepatitis B from a blood transfusion is one per 2.3 million, 2.6 million, and 1.5 million donations respectively. A deficiency in the essential building blocks of blood, such as iron, vitamin B12, or folate, can make it difficult to rebuild the blood supply after surgery. Your doctor will routinely monitor your blood works to ensure you are better able to recover from a trauma or surgery. For those who experience mild anemia after surgery, the treatment of choice is time. Over the weeks following surgery, the body will rebuild the blood supply. Fatigue and low energy levels will continue to improve, and you will usually back to your normal levels within a week or two depending on your surgery and postoperative care. A Word From Verywell In the event that a blood transfusion is needed, some people prepare by making an autologous blood donation, in which the patient's own blood is taken before surgery and used after surgery if needed. The eliminates any risk of disease transmission. Was this page helpful? Article Sources 1. Muñoz M, Franchini M, Liumbruno GM. The post-operative management of anaemia: more efforts are needed. Blood Transfus. 2018 Jul;16(4): 324-5. doi:10.2450/2018.0036-18 2. D'John J, Hutchins M, Januchowski R. Medical management of anemia in the surgical patientOsteopath Fam Phys. 2016;8(5):28-31. 3. Partridge J, Harari D, Gossage J, Dhesi J. Anaemia in the older surgical patient: a review of prevalence, causes, implications and management. J R Soc Med. 2013 Jul;106(7):269-77. doi: 10.1177/0141076813479580 4. Lingohr P, Bensoukehal S, Matthaei H, et al. Value and risk of laparoscopic surgery in hemophiliacs-experiences from a tertiary referral center for hemorrhagic diatheses. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2014;399(5):609-18. doi:10.1007/s00423-014-1185-7 5. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Blood transfusion. Updated 2020. 6. Dodd RY, Crowder LA, Haynes JM, Notari EP, Stramer SL and WR Steele. Screening of blood donors for HIV, HCV and HBV at the American Red Cross: ten-year trends in prevalence, incidence and residual risk, 2007-2016. Transfusion Med Rev. 2020 Apr;34(2):81-93. doi:10.1016/j.tmrv.2020.02.001 Related Articles
Laser in-situ Keratomileusis, or LASIK, is a popular surgical approach used to correct vision in people who are nearsighted, farsighted, or have astigmatism. All laser vision correction surgeries work by reshaping the cornea, or clear front part of the eye, so that light traveling through it is properly focused onto the retina located in the back of the eye. LASIK laser eye surgery (laser in-situ keratomileusis) is one of a number of different surgical techniques used to reshape the cornea. During LASIK laser eye surgery, an instrument called a microkeratome is used to cut a thin flap in the cornea. The cornea is then peeled back and the underlying cornea tissue is reshaped using an excimer laser. After the cornea is reshaped so that it can properly focus light into the eye and onto the retina, the cornea flap is put back in place and the laser eye surgery is complete. Subscribe to our ***We Promise, no spam!
What is a Firewall? Trainee Asked on November 2, 2019 in Internet, Networking. Add Comment 1 Answer(s) Firewall is a network security system that is used to protect computer networks from unauthorized access. It prevents malicious access from outside to the computer network. A firewall can also be built to grant limited access to outside users. The firewall consists of a hardware device, software program or a combined configuration of both. All the messages that route through the Firewall are examined by specific security criteria and the messages which meet the criteria are successfully traversed through the network or else those messages are blocked. RE: What is a Firewall? Firewalls can be installed just like any other computer software and later can be customized as per the need and have some control over the access and security features. “ Windows Firewall” is an inbuilt Microsoft Windows application that comes along with the operating system. This “Windows Firewall” also helps to prevent viruses, worms, etc. Reviewer Answered on November 2, 2019. Add Comment Your Answer
Baby getting fed The LEAP study: 18 months later, putting evidence into practice Nine month old Colton was trying scrambled eggs for the second timecolton-9-2016-compressor. He had enjoyed eggs the first time he had tried them, but his mother noticed a rash on his face and around his eyes shortly after he begin eating the eggs. Within minutes, Colton developed swelling of his eyes and began rubbing them. Did this mean he was allergic to eggs? What would it mean for other food allergies? Would he be at risk for a peanut allergy as well? On February 26, 2015, Dr. Gideon Lack of the King’s College London and his colleagues published the first data from a landmark study on peanut allergy in the New England Journal of Medicine. The data came from the highly anticipated Learning Early About Peanut (LEAP) study and offered proof that early introduction of peanuts may offer protection from the development of peanut allergies. Lack and the LEAP study team randomly assigned 640 infants with severe eczema, egg allergy, or both, to either consume or avoid peanuts until 60 months (5 years) of age. Additional clusters were identified in the cohort: children with sensitivity to peanut extract and children without sensitivity (as determined by skin prick tests). Using the results from this study, allergists have been able to integrate this new evidence-based medicine into practice. One of our allergist, Dr. Word, recently saw 9 month Colton as a new patient visit. Colton had a history of mild eczema, but had recently been introduced to scrambled egg followed by symptoms concerning for an allergic reaction. Skin testing in clinic showed that Colton did have an egg allergy. Given that history, he would be at increased risk to develop a peanut allergy. However, Colton also had skin prick testing to peanut at his visit, which was negative. He was brought back to clinic within the month for an open oral challenge to peanut. Since he was young, peanut powder was used and mixed with yogurt. Colton was given increasing doses of peanut every 30 minutes under close observation. Since Colton did not have any adverse symptoms with peanut consumption, he was instructed to start eating it regularly in his diet, 2-3 times per week. The goal of this intervention was to prevent Colton from developing a peanut allergy later in life. For parents with concerns about their child’s specific risk and recommended course of action, they should speak to a board certified allergist at Charleston Allergy & Asthma to discuss this further. We have a protocol at Charleston Allergy & Asthma based on the LEAP study to evaluate infants for possible peanut allergy and which can help to safely introduce peanut products into the diets of appropriate at risk infants.
From paragraph to essay A paragraph helps to make your work neat and appealing to the reader. just like a lawyer, a writer must present the issue at hand, give background, and put sample of scope and limitation research paper forth the main argument — all how to write a historical paper in a logical, intellectual writing a persuasive speech on domestic violence and persuasive way essay checklist 0 / 15. the five-paragraph essay is a form of essay having five paragraphs: it compare and contrast essay title ideas can be helpful to from paragraph to essay repeat a key word from the thesis or simply remind the reader directly how far the argument has advanced it should clearly state the main point that you are making in the paragraph. life is essay a good essay includes a thesis statement that can be expanded to make many points that relate back to it. each supporting point can be expanded to become a from paragraph to essay 6 steps of problem solving paragraph by adding more detail and more examples. thus, in your from paragraph to essay conclusion, you from paragraph to essay should restate the thesis and connect it with the body of the essay. how to write, tips, format, examples a five paragraph essay is quite a popular college assignment. a paragraph is a portion of the essay that discusses one idea in what is a good friend essay detail and from paragraph to essay supports the thesis or main idea of introduction of dissertation annotated bibliography paper example the essay. topic sentence this is the topic of the paragraph the exception to the rule is the narrative essay. from paragraph. 123k how to make a smooth transition from one point to another as the word suggests, conjunctive adverbs are ones that are chiefly used to co-join two or more how to prepare a assignment ideas in an essay. structurally, paragraphs and essays are similar sep 30, 2002 · this book takes students from paragraph write your own obituary assignment structuring to essay writing through a sample literature review research paper process approach. is a platform for academics to share research papers a paragraph is a portion of the essay that discusses one idea in detail and supports the thesis or main idea of the essay. Leave a Reply
Thông tin cơ bản Học tại trường Chưa có thông tin Đến từ Nghệ An , Chưa có thông tin Số lượng câu hỏi 75 Số lượng câu trả lời 2697 Điểm GP 72 Điểm SP 2707 Người theo dõi (93) Đang theo dõi (0) Dòng thời gian Câu trả lời: Read the passage then fill in the blank with a missing word. Bill Gate is a very famous person in the (1) ______computer_____ industry. He has been chief executive (2) ______officer of_____ Microsoft Corporation for several years. He is also the richest person (3) ______in_____ the USA. How did he do it? He (4) ______learned_____ a lot from his parents. While he was going to school, (5) ______his_____ father went to college, and became a successful lawyer. From this Bill learned that you have to work hard (6) _____if______ you want something. His mother was very busy teacher, (7) ____but_______ she also going to the party. From this, Bill learned something else: if you want to work hard and play (8) ______hard____, you have to make a schedule. Read the passage carefully then decide if the statements true or false. One of the most wonderful inventions of the past one hundred years is the telephone. This familiar, handy instrument has become a highly important part of daily life. The first telephone was installed in 1877. Today there are over 170 million telephones in the world. The average person in North America makes over six hundred calls a years. The word telephone came from the Greek tele and phone, which means “distant” and “sound”. These words actually describe what the telephone does. It carries sound over a distance rapidly and accurately by using electric currents. The telephone transmits speech so that it sounds natural and has enough volume for conversation to take place as if the speakers were in the same room. Any telephone can be quickly connected to almost any other telephone anywhere in the world. True (T) False (F) 1. Telephone can’t work without electric currents. 2. The first telephone was installed in 1878. 3. The Greek word phone means distant 4. The telephone sends out speech that helps people talk each other.
Please ensure Javascript is enabled for purposes ofwebsite accessibility Legacy Dermatology: Skin Cancer Awareness Legacy Dermatology.png Legacy Dermatology.png (KUTV) May is Melanoma awareness month and as summer is approaching and we are spending more and more time outdoors in the sun. Dr. Jared Heaton visited Fresh Living to help us become more aware of our skin. He is a board certified dermatologist and owner of Legacy Dermatology in Bountiful. Melanoma is a form of skin cancer most people have heard of because of potentially how dangerous it can be and how quickly it can spread. It develops from the cells in our skin that produce pigment - giving moles their dark color and producing a tan when exposed to sunlight Believe it or not, you are at a higher risk of developing Melanoma in Utah than you are in Arizona, California, Hawaii or Florida. Utah is leading all other states with the highest rate of new melanoma skin cancer cases in the country. This is because Utah has a high elevation, warm climates and it is a place where sunlight is reflected by sand, water, snow, and ice. Utah sees almost 32 cases per 100,000 people, and Utah's melanoma mortality rate is almost 30% higher than the national average. There are some facts and misconceptions that Dr. Heaton wanted to clear up about Melanoma to raise awareness. • Melanoma is a "young person's" cancer. False. Melanoma is the most common form of cancer for young adults 25-29 years old. • Is Melanoma more common in men or women? Women aged 39 and under have a higher probability of developing melanoma than any other cancer except breast cancer. The incidence is much more common in younger women up to about the age of 49, then transitions to more common in Men over 50. • Melanoma is curable if caught in the early stages. True. This is why there is such a push for people to have any suspicious lesions examined by a dermatologist as soon as possible. • Melanoma can only occur in places with sun exposure. False. It is most common in the legs for women, back for men (areas that receive more UV light - tanning).However, it can develop anywhere, even where the "sun don't shine". • Melanoma is caused mostly by UV exposure. True - upwards of 85% can be linked to sun / UV exposure. If you have a mole that seems suspicious, look for the "ABCDEs" of Melanoma: • A: Asymetrical - one half is unlike the other • B: Border: Irregular or jagged, as opposed to smooth and well defined • C: Color: Different color variations within the mole, Dark brown, light brown - sometimes blue or even white / red • D: Diameter - Larger than 6mm (the size of a pencil tip eraser) • E: Evolving - The most important! A new mole that develops grows quickly, or a changing mole - visible change over weeks to months. If you notice your mole looks different than the last time you saw it, it should be checked If you have something that looks suspicious, schedule an appointment and have it looked at by a board certified dermatologist as soon as possi
The Evolution of Zoos Royal Menagerie Royal Menagerie In the Beginning Zoo: an institution in which living animals are exhibited in captivity. How did we get to today’s modern zoo? It all began thousands of years ago. Ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt and China all obtained collections of wild animals. Egypt’s first zoo was established in Thebes around 1490BC by Queen Hatshepsut. Medieval Europe continued the tradition of maintaining collections of wild animals by some monarchs, monasteries and municipalities. These were primarily private collections called menageries. The evolution from menagerie to public institution marked the beginning of the current zoo concept. The word zoology comes from the Greek words ‘zion’, meaning ‘animal’ and ‘logos’, meaning ‘knowledge’. The abbreviation zoo didn’t appear until Britain used it in 1847 for the Clifton Zoo. The term zoo didn’t come into use until the 19th century with the current zoo concept. The oldest existing zoo is the Tiergarten Schönbrunn in Vienna, founded by the Habsburg monarchy in 1752. Through the 1970’s a few zoos embarked on making conservation their chief role, with the discussion being led by Gerald Durrel of Jersey Zoo, George Rabb of Brookfield Zoo and William Conway of the Bronx Zoo. Now zoological parks around the world are employed in captive breeding programs, conservation studies and educational outreach programs. Gorilla Kingdom London Zoo’s Western lowland gorilla yard Different Shapes & Sizes There are many types of zoos, ranging in shapes, sizes and even attractions. The first is the urban zoo, based within cities or urbanized areas and are a tradition of the 19th century zoo concept. A famous urban zoo is the Antwerp Zoo in Belgium. The next zoo type is the open-range zoo. These have been established since the early 1930s in rural surroundings. In the open-range zoo fewer species are on exhibit but those that are have more sizable enclosures. The prototype was the Whipsnade Park in England. In terms of size, the largest zoo, at 1,800 acres, is the San Diego Wild Animal Park. Safari parks are zoo-like commercial tourist attractions. These were established between 1966 and 1975 where the visitor could drive their own vehicles through to view wildlife in an open setting. An example of this is African Lion Safari in Ontario, Canada. Then there are animal theme parks which are a combination of amusement park and zoo. These are similar to open-range zoos in accordance to size, but differ in intention and appearance. Some examples are Sea World, Marineland, Busch Gardens and Disney’s Animal Kingdom. The fifth type is rescues and sanctuaries. These are usually funded by animal welfare supporters. Another type of sanctuary takes the form of a rehabilitation and release center. The Idaho Black Bear Rehab Center cares for orphaned bear cubs and prepares them for release back into the wild. Another example is Monkey World in England which was set up in 1987 with the intention to provide a home for abused chimps used by Spanish beach photographers but now houses many species of primates. The petting zoo is next on our list. These feature a combination of domestic animals and wild species that are docile enough to be touched and fed by the public. Then there are aquariums. In 1853 the London Zoo opened the first public aquarium. Aquariums have also evolved to not only house fish and marine life but also animals such as penguins and otters that live in and around water. With nearly 71 % of the planet Earth being covered in water aquariums are really starting to impress the issue of water conservation for people and wildlife alike. Lastly is the specialized zoo. These zoos specialize in specific groups of animals such as a bird park or aviary, reptile zoos or butterfly zoos. Snowdon Aviary London Zoo’s walk-through Aviary Exhibiting Enrichment The development of housing exotic animals in zoos has progressed dramatically from pits, cages of metal bars, and fenced or concrete paddocks. Now these are being replaced with larger enclosures that attempt to reproduce the animal’s natural habitat. Gone are the simplistic notions of an animal’s need for only food, water and shelter, replaced with broader ideas of nutriment to the body and mind. Enrichment comes in many forms, enrichment for that visitors using realistic natural habitats as well as landscape immersion. But enrichment is also now a must for the zoo’s inhabitants. Enrichment improves the everyday lives of animals by for instance; enriching their bodies with structures to climb, their health with a varied diet and their minds by using the above techniques as well as foraging for food, training and interaction with other species. In the beginning of the 20th century Carl Hagenbeck developed a new form of exhibit. He based exhibits on ecological and geographical habitats, with enclosures divided by moats not visible to the public. Successive enclosures were higher than the one in front, giving the public the impression that they were seeing the animals together in one natural habitat. An example of this system is the Woodland Park Zoo in Seattle, Washington. Not only does providing a more natural environment afford enrichment to the captive animals but also is more appealing to zoo guests. ‘Landscape immersion’ combines naturalistic and realistic imitation of natural habitats with the environmental needs of the animals. This concept took flight during the 1980’s and changed the policy of designing enclosures. Landscape immersion refers to enclosures with buildings and barriers hidden from view, as well as walk-through enclosures and aviaries, and special buildings set up for nocturnal species. All of these changes require extraordinary financial and technical expenditures, but more zoos are striving to provide the best experience for guests and animals alike. Zoos have come a long way from Egypt’s menageries, but zoos, their staff, wildlife specialist and scientists are constantly struggling to improve the lives of their animals, improve the experience of their guests and push the importance of conservation. With zoological parks in North America receiving more visitors every year than football, baseball and hockey games combined, you’ll definitely have plenty of company at which ever zoo you choose. 7 thoughts on “The Evolution of Zoos 1. Pingback: Lady of the Zoos Turns 3 \| Lady of the Zoos 2. Pingback: The Role Of Zoos In An Ever-Changing World – iSocy 3. Pingback: Confessions of an Accidental Zoo Curator Book Review \| Lady of the Zoos Leave a Reply to Victoria Cancel reply You are commenting using your account. 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Are Pandemic Disease, Survival of the Fittest? 5 minute read 5 minute read Law of evolution says adaptability is the key for survival, and the ironic thing about adaptability is, it is directly proportional to once immune system and mental strength. There is no single thing to lose but everything to gain! These pandemics diseases and crises are not a new scene to mother earth and her children. Humans are already susceptible to, a high rate of mutation, many undetermined viral strains, and person to person (contagious) transmission. And here are few pandemic illness trolls from decades back, 1.Cholera, the first outbreak in 1817 -1824 was named as Asiatic cholera has taken away hundreds of thousands of people’s lives. This was the first cholera pandemic ailment to sweep through Asia and European countries. 2.The same has happened with different types of malaria outbreaks from the 19th-20th centuries, it holds 2 to 5% of all deaths in the 20th century. 40% of the world’s population still lives in areas where malaria is transmitted. 3.Then came the Nipah virus, first discovered in 1998 in Malaysia. The characteristics of it which increased the risk of the global pandemic. The chain of various outbreaks continues with Ebola, chikungunya, SARs, MERs, Flu pandemic diseases, HIV, etc…and the fight against these diseases & pandemics is also a continuous process. How do you handle pandemic disease ? Flatten the curve. It is a Math not prophecy. What does it mean to flatten a curve? The government or the WHO or whoever is taking charge for these health pandemics need to find (suspect) the mode of spread. Example : You have one rotten apple in a basket of apples. You immediately take away that rotten apple, because it is gonna spoil the entire basket otherwise. Also, the next step you will do is, wash the rest of the apples and keep an eye if anything is getting infected because of that previous rotten apple. You are trying to stop the influence of rotten apples over others. This is known as Flatten the curve. In Covid19, the solution key is social distancing which means limiting movements, migration, travel, transportation and everything needs to be static. The curfew, lockdown and all the 144 rules passed by the State and Central governments across the world is to prevent the community spread and transmission. Few countries have created forced quarantine such as the one the Chinese government has imposed on Hubei Province. When movement of people is nil, the virus can’t spread or survive. Yet we humans can’t make decisions at times like this using the 6th sense and want to rely on the 7th sense– the AI healthcare system. What are we going to learn from Covid19? Are we going to make the same mistakes as we have done in the previous outbreak? Is a flattening curve enough to fight against virulence? It would have been good if just flatten the curve paved the path to killing this virus. But so many curves are flattened, yet victims of this viral attack are not stopping. Why ? Same, the apple story, you have taken out the rotten apple, but it was in contact with the fresh ones for a long time unnoticed. If you don’t take (preventive) steps to protect the fresh ones, they are going to be dead soon too. This is like blindfolded car driving–Ignorance. Imagine in a country’s border if the army force is ready and the weapons are ready but soldiers are neither trained to handle the weapons nor trained to fight, what will be the result definitely the country will be invaded or mutated (virulent term) and we are in the same scene now, we are highly educated about our health, diet, environment, lifestyle but none of us know what is our plugins to perform efficiently. We don’t know what should be included and what should be excluded both in body and mind. You need to explore this by being more introverted or self-centered towards yourself. Are we still going to be behind those clinical trial studies which have many limitations and work on “one size fits all” which is not scientific? On the other hand our Native medicine, Ayurveda has a totally different approach that every individual is different and there should be different medicine for different people i.e. one size doesn’t fit all. Rationality & Personalization — Native Medicine Ayurveda In health protocols, you need to be more self-centered or introverted. As you will see, there is an ingenious form in the Ayurvedic approach to fortify the immune system. It is simple, innate and it reminds us just how amazing the body’s self-regulatory systems are. To start with let us focus on how Ayurveda views immunity and the immune system. What does Ayurveda say about Immunity? According to Ayurveda, strong immunity is a legacy of good digestion, sturdy metabolic fire, optimal liver functioning and well-stabilized endocrine with appropriate hormonal secretion. Immunity is also connected with a puzzle substance named “Ojas”, which means vigor. It is an extremely subtle and elusive substance – and difficult to identify and define. This subtle substance has everything to do with immunity according to Ayurveda. Ayurveda says the strength of one’s ojas determines the cause of disease in an individual through various factors and influences internal or external. Learning about Ayurvedic approach to immunity and the basic understandings about ojas is the need of the hour in this COVID season. What is Ojas? Ojas is an ultrafine essence of bodily tissues and the end product of perfect digestion. A constructive essence found in the body – gives strength, zeal, vitality, and immunity. Ojas is the direct reflection of the quality of Agni(fire). If you don’t have a strong and proper fire you cannot get well-cooked food, it’s as simple as that. Strong Agni provides healthy ojas, while weakened Agni hampers the production and quality of ojas. Do you know our ojas is also affected by lifestyle choice, diet, stress levels and quality of our relationships and also the state of consciousness (sama) ? Healthy ojas promotes the state of bliss. Ojas is actively protected when we are living in the present moment with pure awareness. Ojas diminishes when we are effortful, stressed and selfish. Ojas do protect our prana. When do you need to protect the ojas? There are timings when we are exposed to the possibility of being attacked either physically or mentally, hence protecting ojas is important. 1.You can protect ojas by, 2.Significant changes to your routine 3.Seasonal changes. 4.Cold and seasonal flu. 5.Episodes of stress. 6.Major life transitions. How do we protect our Ojas? Ojas! It is our protective health shield. When it comes to improving your immunity or bolster your ojas, through diet, garlic and ginger play a major role as a useful ingredient. It provides a natural immune system to your body by improving your Agni, removing the natural toxins, ensuring an optimal level of body temperature, improves the functioning of lungs and removes the excessively accumulated Kapha (one of the three energies) in your body. Adopting a few Ayurvedic therapies such as Pranayama, different asanas and meditation can help in supporting the quality of your ojas, thereby improving your immunity. These practices come with mixed benefits that aid in cultivating the presence, clearing up the channels in the body that relieves stress and digest toxins. There are certain herbs that are known to support your immune system and encourage the proper function of the immune system. Herbs like, guduchi, tulsi, nilavembu, ashwagandha ensure a balanced immune system, rendering an optimal health. Conscious eating practices and healthy digestion aids ojas Ayurveda offers these simple steps yet powerful tips for letting your inner radiance shine through and bolstering your inner energy reserves. In case you have a concern or query you can always consult an expert and get answers to your question! Get Updates on Email You might also enjoy
Hot Student Stories The three main components of mnemonics are a. Learning, memorizing and reviewing c. Location, imagination and association b. Association, memorizing and location d. Association, memorizing and imagination Cynthia Baker in Social studies 1 answer 1 answer Roger Moore on August 27, 2018 Mnemonics is the art of assisting the memory by means of a scheme of artificial aids, rules, rhymes, phrases, acronyms, diagrams, and other devices to help in recall of names, facts, dates and figures. This originates from the Greek mneme ("memory") and mnemon ("mindful"). Knowing this, the answer is C. Add you answer
Cytoarchitectural layer of the retina that is made up of a dense reticulum of fibrils formed by interlaced dendrites of retinal ganglion cells and cells of the inner nuclear layer (adapted from Wikipedia) [ NLX:20558 ] Synonyms: stratum plexiforme internum retinal inner plexiform layer retina inner plexiform layer This is just here as a test because I lose it Term information pheno_slim, vertebrate_core latin term stratum plexiforme internum retinae [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_plexiform_layer ] depicted by external definition The layer within the retina where the bipolar cells synapse with the dendrites of the ganglion cells.[TAO] The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells[GO][GO:0010842]. external ontology notes http://neurolex.org/wiki/Nlx_anat_1005032 appears to be retired has related synonym retina, inner plexiform layer retinal internal plexiform layer stratum plexifome internum stratum plexiforme internum retinae inner plexiform layer internal plexiform layer of retina homology notes (...) an essentially similar sequence of events occurs during the embryonic development of the vertebrate eye. The eye initially develops as a single median evagination of the diencephalon that soon bifurcates to form the paired optic vesicles. As each optic vesicle grows towards the body surface, its proximal part narrows as the optic stalk, and its distal part invaginates to form a two-layered optic cup. (...) The outer layer of the optic cup becomes the pigment layer of the retina, whereas the inner layer differentiates into the photoreceptive cells and neuronal layers of the retina.[well established][VHOG]
Faith in data Where the world's Muslims live THE total number of Muslims in the world is 1.57 billion, nearly a quarter of the global total, according to a new survey of the world's Muslim population by the Pew Research Center. Almost two-thirds of Muslims live in Asia, with Indonesia providing the biggest contingent (203m), followed by Pakistan (174m) and India (160m). One of the more surprising finds is that the European country with the highest Muslim population is not France or Germany, but Russia, where 16.5m adherents of Islam make up nearly 12% of the total national population. Compared with other studies, the report gives a lowish estimate for the number of Muslims in France (3.6m), as it does for the United States (2.5m); in both those countries, secular principles make it impossible to ask religious questions on a census. Reuse this contentThe Trust Project
(855) 4-ESSAYS Type a new keyword(s) and press Enter to search Types of Business Competitions The basic types of competition are pure competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly and monopoly. Pure competition is a situation where there are many buyers and sellers of a single product. In pure competition, no one has the power to affect the price of the product. Every seller asks for the same price that every other seller is asking. Government regulation is very limited. Pure competition is easy to enter and get out of. It's very rare to occur in today's world, but some specific markets such as farm products come close. . A monopolistic competition is similar to pure competition with the only difference being that in a monopolistic competition, each seller tries to add unique product features such as different services and packaging. Like pure competition, monopolistic competition is easy to enter and get out of. Product differentiation is the main attempt of businesses under monopolistic competition. Each business tries to make similar products different by altering them in a flashy way. Government regulation is minimal. The Hanes company uses these methods in order to make their products stand out from other products that are similar. . An oligopoly is a situation where there are few sellers that are quite large. Each seller has control over their prices. Product differentiation is the biggest weapon used because if one company reduces their prices, all other similar companies will as well. In order to enter an oligopolistic market, substantial investments are required. Also, some government regulation is present. The automobile industry is well known for being in the oligopolistic market. . A monopoly is a market with only one seller, in which that market has complete control over the price. Product differentiation is non existent because there is only one source available. The Government has much control over monopolies to make sure that no monopolies are formed other than natural monopolies and monopolies that are created by copyrights, patents and trademarks. Essays Related to Types of Business Competitions Got a writing question? Ask our professional writer! Submit My Question
Fructan index - Up to date fructan content of grass > PaardNatuurlijk > Current > Fructan index Fructan is a substance that can cause laminitis. Fructan is produced by grass, to an extent that depends on weather conditions. The fructan index is compiled on the basis of the current weather information. This makes it easy to see if there is a risk of a high fructan content, allowing you to adjust the grazing time and duration of grazing. At this time we only have information from the Netherlands and Belgium but if there's enough interest, we can add measure points in other countries as well.
Skip to main content Replies sorted oldest to newest Friendship Bracelets Make friendship bracelets to emphasize importance of showing one's love for one's friends. Our children are too young to do the woven bracelets out of twine or embroidery floss, so we are making bracelets using leather blanks, rubber stamps with stamp pads and permanent markers. Last edited by Luanne Payne "Three Weeks Through the Roof" ...a three week outline for teaching the Mark 2:1-12 story of the man lowered down through a hole in the roof to be forgiven and healed by Jesus. I originally taught these three lessons to my 1st-6th grade classes in our Rotation Model Sunday School during a summer session. Those kids helped me test our Faith Through the Roof software (which is now free). Week One: Miracles of Faith Video Show and Discuss the "The Miracles of Jesus" animated video from Nest Entertainment Prior to showing the video, post some questions about what you want the kids to look for as they watch the videos. 1. What prompted Jesus to perform each miracle? 2. What were the reactions of the people to the miracles? Were they all the same? 3. What did each miracle reveal about Jesus' personality and concerns? Afterwards... Discuss how each miracle reveals the character of God and affects those around the healed person. Discuss Jesus' miracles as "signs of his identity." (The software in week 2 also emphasizes this point). Why didn't Jesus do miracles all the time? (his miracles were specific and he didn't do them all the time). What sorts of miracles happen every day? Week Two: Faith Through the Roof software game Play the Faith Through the Roof software game about the story. This program is now available free-of-charge to's supporting members at Week Three: The Faith Through the Roof OLYMPICS! Bible Study: Begin by seeing how much of the story students can remember. Split into teams and have them write down on a LARGE piece of paper as much of the Faith through the Roof story they can remember. Then have them post their paper on the wall. Now everyone opens their Bibles and reads through the story verse by verse together. Stop after each verse or two and CIRCLES each team's list IF they remembered that part of the story. After going through the story, tally up how many pieces of the story each team listed (which the teacher circled). What part of the story or verse do you think is the most ESSENTIAL VERSE to REMEMBER? Vote. This should be debatable! Play these games after your Bible Study... 1. Buddy Blanket Relay.... Team members take turns dragging each other on a blanket down to Peter's house to see Jesus. Two people pull while one rides on the blanket which scoots along on the floor. Emphasize the miracle of good friends who can help bring us to Jesus and help us lead righteous lives. Discuss strategies for helping friends get to church, and being positive influences on each other. Give each team 2 minutes to complete this phrase (or similar): "I want you to come to my church with me because..." 2. Through the Roof Drop... Using Barbie dolls and a shoe box, teammates each tries to toss their "barbie buddy" into Peter's house (the shoebox). Tie twine rope to the barbie doll or to a blanket or small piece of cloth and have kids work in pairs to swing rope to fling the doll into the box. Try different variations for fun, including "snapping" the blanket tight to fling the doll. Tape a picture of Jesus' face in the shoebox for a little extra fun. Discuss how friends can look out for their friends' spiritual and physical well-being. What are the signs that your friend is stressed out? Upset? Hurting? 3. Pick Up Your Mat!...With hands behind their backs and no hands or teeth allowed, kids run down to Peter's house and must pick up a mat (blanket or similar) off the floor and bring it back to their team. Harder than it sounds, and fun. Discuss how the man's life was changed, how his family's life was changed, and have the kids come up with a "speech" the man might have given to others about what happened to him. Last edited by Luanne Payne Add Reply Link copied to your clipboard.
Posted in General What Occurs When Our Body Temperature Slips? Often times the body temperature drops underneath the regular. At these times, the body will work its wise to always keep alone warm. This is the reason reasons why you shiver. You shiver as your head needs to notify the muscles to maneuver to get the ambiance how the body needs. The disorder in which the temperature declines is called hypothermia. There are several symptoms that will show you the temperature of your body is dropping. Gentle situations involve shivering and emotional uncertainty. Moderate situations include aggressive shivering and inadequate head-muscle co-ordination. The face area, lips and extremities grow to be extremely light because the blood flow rushes on the body organs to keep them comfortable. Severe situations consist of breathing and cardiac issues. The heart amount diminishes and inhaling and exhaling becomes tough. Psychological uncertainty also becomes more evident. In worst instances, the patient cans even expertise amnesia or the loss of memory. Extreme circumstances could at some point lead to loss of life if not taken care of right away.fever patrol thermometer It is essential to avoid hypothermia whenever you can because as soon as the temperature gets too very low, the cells and organs will quickly die. On this page is one of the methods on ways to hot your body up and stop this disorder. Initially, you should deal with your body as much as you can. This is also true through the winter months. Use numerous layers of clothes. Use as many as needed to retain the body comfortable. Some garments goods which can be used incorporate mittens, safety gloves, boots, outdoor jackets, coats, scarfs, caps and ear muffs. It is additionally preferable to dress in energy apparel to keep up a particular level of heat much better. You must avoid heading outside the house if the wind flow is cold or after it is snowing. Frosty breeze may bring your fever patrol reviews straight down quicker than imaginable. It is wise to get cover. As much as possible, will not go out if you really do not have to. When rewarming the body, you must in no way allow your body be subjected to higher heat. Some people assume that individuals with hypothermia needs to be positioned in a sauna or needs to be provided anything very hot. This is not correct. The abrupt alternation in temperature can placed a blow to your body. Warm the body slowly by providing warm drinks and also placing the person in area temperature. Hypothermia has a lot of consequences for the body as a result it ought to be avoided as far as possible. There may be the body in becoming numb and it can cause you to shiver too much. It may reduce the circulation of blood to the extremities for the reason that brain will transmission the blood vessels to warm-within the essential body organs initial. It slows down the features of your head, coronary heart along with the lung area that makes your problem crucial. Therefore, it is recommended to conserve a good body temperature.
Home > Introduction to Beer > Beer & Taxation-A History Beer & Taxation-A History Beer & Taxation-a History Unfortunately for those who might bemoan the current government's alcohol taxation policy, we have had an alcohol tax since 1690, when Britain's principle drink was Ale. Back then the law was introduced to fund wars and the Bank of England actually only ever guaranteed funding to the British government on the basis of the funds that they would receive back on the basis of this new alcohol tax. Rather cynically, a tax on a substance that is readily available, enjoyable and addictive had proved popular with governments ever since, with a taxation on tobacco later following, and the proposal that marijuana be legalized being directly associated with the idea that it should also be taxed. The only problem with such policies is that they have relied on a source of revenue that is potentially as damaging as it is useful for the economy and for the nation's defence. Throughout the 17th to 19th Century's smuggling of alcohol became popular as a result of taxation levels that were disproportionate to peoples spending power. And so the alcohol tax was effectively used in part to support customs in seizing contraband goods. In this period beer earned a reputation second only to gin as the choice drink of hooligans and the cause of much anti-social behaviour. This scenario seems to some extent unfair, especially as good wine was not readily available to the masses in order that any sensible comparison of the comparative effects of beer and wine could be made! Regulating the industry required ever greater expenditure, a situation echoed today, as the clean up related to drunken behaviour, alcohol abuse and alcoholism often costs so much that rises in tax are justified in the interest of civility and of good health. In World War One both higher taxes and legal measures were introduced to curb drinking, the most notable being licensing laws that restricted alcohol sales to between certain hours. It was not until 2003 that those laws repealed and 24 hour drinking was introduced. Since then a debate has raged as to how to curb Britain's messy binge drinking culture, something still chiefly associated with the yob element that has attached itself to the image of beer for centuries. The Last 30 Years, Beer And Taxes From mod on rocker violence, to football hooliganism, to political activism, to just plain bad behaviour, the image of beer has been tarnished and tax rises have been justified year on year on this basis. Recently, health workers have called for alcohol in general to be methodically tarnished in a similar way that smoking has been over the last 30 years. Where such moves may have been held back in the past by the propensity of those in power, both in government and in finance, to drink large amounts themselves, a change in attitudes makes it likely that we will soon be asked to conceive of drinking as a selfish and antisocial habit. Some serious real ale drinkers might take issue with this on a number of counts. Whilst it might be certain (and studies have proved this) that a price rise for alcohol products tends to cut alcohol related crime and alcohol induced illness, it could be argued that what needs to be changed is peoples' attitude to alcohol, and particularly to popular beers. Over the last 30 years groups like CAMRA (The Campaign for Real Ale) have demonstrated that a real appreciation of beer can make drinking a reasonable sensible and very healthy pursuit. The message is that for every decade that breeds a new 'yob' culture there is a growing affirmation, on the other hand, of the status of beer as a drink for well meaning adults! At the time of writing this article the average tax per pint of beer is 34 pence up from 3.1 pence per pint in 1973 You might also like... Share Your Story, Join the Discussion or Seek Advice.. (never shown) (never shown) (never shown) (never shown) Enter word:
Neuropsych Evals and Your IEP \| Do you need it? \| How to get one. Neuropsych Evaluations If your child has an IEP, and you’ve been immersed in the world of special education, at some point you have probably heard parents talk about “a neuropsych.” In fact, I was on a conference call a few weeks ago about IEPs for a specific genetic condition, and one of the people on the committee said that we should be recommending that “every parent should get a neuropsych.” That comment literally made me wince and grimace, which I will get into in a minute. But let’s start at the beginning. what parents should know about neuropsych evals and their IEP What is a Neuropsych? The word neuropsych is short for either neuropsychologist or neuropsychological evaluation. The context of the conversation should tell you if the person is talking about the evaluation or the evaluator. Neuropsychology is the study of the relationship between the brain and behavior. A neuropsychological evaluation is an assessment of how one’s brain functions. A neuropsychological evaluation will measure a person’s abilities, such as: • Intelligence • Visual-Spatial Processing • Reading • Visual-Motor • Fine Motor • Pragmatic Language • Speaking and Language Processing Skills • Attention and Concentration • Memory • Reasoning • Executive Functioning • Attention • Verbal and Visual Memory • Language • Academic Achievement • Perception • Adaptive Functioning • Sensorimotor Functions • Motivation • Academic Skills • Motor skills • SEL The evaluation includes going over the student’s personal history. This may include medical and school records. Best practice is also that the evaluator will go to the child’s school, observe and evaluate them in the classroom setting. Neuropsychs (to my knowledge) are not part of the standard IEP evaluation process in most school districts. Most school districts do not have a neuropsychologist on staff, so it is considered an IEE. Also, it is likely that your child’s evaluation done by the school was done by a team of evaluators. A neuropsych will be done by just one person. Maybe this is a good analogy. You go to your regular pediatrician for an issue the first time. When she cannot figure out why your child is sick, or what she prescribed did not work, you go to a specialist. That’s kind of what a neuropsych is–the current IEP isn’t working, and after trying multiple strategies, you get a neuropsych to dig deeper into the issues. Also, while most neuropsch evals are IEEs, not all IEEs are neuropsych evals. If you are requesting an IEE and want one, be specific in what you are requesting and why. I have a whole separate post on how, when and why to request an IEE. There’s a common misperception out there that if you request an IEE, it has to be a neuropsych. Not true! In fact, I had two–one just for vision issues and one for feeding. Are neuropsychs just for kids with IEPs? No, absolutely not! Anyone can get a neuropsych. I’d love to have one on myself (but they’re expensive). They are common in any medical field that deals with the brain and behavior. If a child or adult is a victim of a TBI, chances are they will get a neuropsych at some point. They are also very common in the field of studying Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. For this reason, you should choose a neuropsychologist that specializes in the area(s) that affect your child. In the world of IEPs, they are common with a lot of kids. Particularly those with dyslexia, autism, ADHD, and IDD. What to expect during a Neuropsych. Once you choose a neuropsych evaluator for your child, they will explain the testing process. It takes several hours and may occur over a few days. While location shouldn’t be your primary deciding factor, know that if you choose one far away, you will have to drive to that office several times over a few weeks. The evaluator will likely want to interview you, your spouse and other educational professionals who know your child. Again, best practice is that they also will observe your child at school. In addition to 1:1 interviews with both the parents and the child, the child will take a series of tests and assessments on paper. This may include, but is not limited to, some assessments you may have already heard of, such as the WIAT or the WISC. Once the evaluation process is complete, the evaluator takes time to compile all the results into a report. Again, it is best practice to bring the family in for another appointment to explain the findings and the report to you. However, I have heard of a few cases where the evaluator just mailed them the report. If in doubt, ask for that extra appointment. Note: If the school is paying for the neuropsych, you want to determine upfront what happens with the report. Who gets the report first, the family or the school? This will prevent headaches later. Why do Parents ask for Neuropsychs? I find that there are two main or common situations when parents ask for a neuropsych. 1. When the child is newly diagnosed with a disability 2. When the child is struggling in school despite having an IEP in place How much does a Neuropsych cost? I live in suburban Philadelphia. Around here, the price range of a neuropsych is $5000-$10,000. This is because they are time and labor-intensive, and you’re also paying for the evaluator’s expertise. They are an extremely comprehensive evaluation, which is why parents love them. I mean, c’mon, look at that bulleted list at the beginning of the post! Who wouldn’t want all that information about their child? Maybe your child doesn’t need such a comprehensive evaluation. Instead, you may want to consider a targeted test, like one for just pragmatic language. To find a neuropsychologist, just use your internet searching skills. This is a specialist, so take the time to research and choose a good one. How do I get the School to pay for a Neuropsych? Obviously, cost is a prohibiting factor for many families. And schools! Since 15% of all students have IEPs, they can’t be handing out $10k neuropsychs to every parent who asks for one. And this is why I cringed when someone in a committee meeting said that “all parents should ask for a neuropsych.” It’s just not going to happen from the schools. Parents have the right to ask for an IEE. This is important because a common misperception about IEPs is that parents have a right to an IEE. You don’t. You have the right to ask for one. If you click that link, it will give you guidance on how and when to ask for an IEE. Before you do that, please read your IEP Procedural Safeguards. If a school denies your request for an IEE, they are required, by law, to file for Due Process. This catches many parents off guard when they receive the PWN in the mail stating that the district has filed for IEP Due Process. Your insurance may cover a neuropsych so look into that. Also, another item to consider is this. Say you are really trying to get your child a specific intervention, such as Wilson Reading or an Executive Function Coach. If you are leaning toward paying for a neuropsych, I would also price out the cost of paying for the intervention privately. You may want to just jump right to that, instead of fighting for a neuropsych and then fighting for the intervention. I had a neuropsych done privately and the school won’t do anything. Yes, happens all the time. Parents who have the knowledge and the financial means go out and get a neuropsych. Then they hand the neuropsych report to the IEP team. And nothing changes. Per IDEA, schools only have to consider the information presented to them from an outside evaluator. This is the same expectation, regardless of whether you or the school pays for the neuropsych. I personally recommend that you try to get the school to pay for it because they are more likely to follow recommendations that they paid for. Still, many schools pay for one and then they refuse to heed the information and recommendations in the report. Makes no sense, but it happens. If you get a child a neuropsych, which is an IEE, all it does it make your case stronger. But it holds no guarantees that your child will receive more or different supports and services. You may still have to use your procedural safeguards and take the district to Due Process or IEP Mediation to have their needs met. Hopefully, this has given you more information to make your decision. The neuropsych reports that I have seen are fantastic pieces of information. I once had a mom tell me, “This is the first time I have ever felt that someone really ‘gets’ my son.” Good luck with your decision. Again, take your time, do your research, and learn all the moving parts in the IEP process. Share via Copy link
Project pH5.6 is a smart network-connected device which focuses on how to save water and utilize it properly. Its structure includes a main tank which is attached to a few auxiliary tanks through electronic valves. The main tank collects rain water and waste water from around the house and through LDR sensors judges its clarity and accordingly puts it in different tanks. There are three tanks in which water is stored, one is for clear water, the second is for moderately clear water and the last one is for the least clear water. Once the tank is full the Ultrasound sensor will send a signal to the LDR to start processing the water. Depending on its clarity, the water will be poured out to one of the three tanks. With the help of the auto-segregation, we can use water in different tanks for different purposes. All the processes will be controlled by a single Linux powered computer- Raspberry Pi embedded on the device itself. This helps save water by making it easy and convenient to the user to save and utilize water. The user has to do nothing at all- just use the water in whatever way he/she deems appropriate. Auto-segregation solves the problem of the user not being able to decide how to use the water. Project pH 5.6 is also a smart device. All the data generated by it can be viewed in a Webapp. The Webapp displays the clarity of water, and the level of water in the main tank. It also gives contextual information to make sense of the readings. It tells you what the clarity reading means- till what number it is safe, how to use the water in different ways depending on its clarity, etc. The app is like a dashboard giving you all relevant information to make saving water a simple task. We have hit the 8 billion mark and because of that water is becoming scarce. This makes it very important for us to utilize water smartly and this makes Project pH5.6 essential for all homes. Future plans • We can set an alarm on the app to disperse water towards the garden and water the plants on a particular time. This will surely make our lives quicker and efficient, and help us in watering plants with zero effort on our side. It will be useful for gardening enthusiasts with day jobs who have no time to look after their plants. • Cross-platform apps for Windows 10, Android and iOS. • Smarter auto-segregation which takes help of other factors of water such as acidity, oxygen level, bacteria count, etc. • The user and community in a particular region will be able to set water collection goals. The overall progress of the goal will be listed and also the app will judge the total amount of rain-water you can collect by analyzing the weather pattern. • The tank will be powered by solar panels. Scope of Research In these days to climate change, the world needs more insight into rainwater data and how polluted it is because unless we know more about the scenario we can’t do anything to change it. Any and all data collected on these issues is important for analyzations and predictions about climate change. That is why we plan to make the data generated by the device available to authorized agencies, with the user’s permission of course. The research can be utilized thus: • The government or concerned authorities can use rainwater collection data for surveys, analyzations and predictions. • Agencies can use the data to know how much water is currently being saved and what kind of impact it can have on the world. • Agencies concerned with pollution can use the water clarity numbers to know how polluted our water is and where. This can be useful in lots of ways.
The Negative Effects of Eating Before Bed It usually seems like a good idea at the time: Eat a quick snack before bed because, really, how can you expect to sleep when your stomach is churning? As you're likely to discover, eating before bed can cause bigger problems than hunger pangs – problems such as insomnia, heartburn, digestive difficulties and bathroom runs. And if you make late-night refrigerator raids a habit, you'll probably have to contend with weight gain as well. These are the worst effects of eating before bed, which shouldn't necessarily scare you off late-night noshing any more than that late-night horror movie. Make some smart and healthy snack choices to enjoy a peaceful slumber, and put your hunger pangs to rest too. Insomnia Issues Certain foods and beverages act as stimulants that force your body into digestive mode as you're trying to revert to sleep mode. Caffeine is an obvious culprit, but so are proteins and foods packed with MSG, which behaves as a stimulant too. Avoid: Meat, chocolate, Chinese food, colas, coffee and tea. Heartburn Discomfort You might never contend with acid reflux problems during the day. This is because the force of gravity is working with you as you sit or stand while digesting food. But eat and lie down and acid in your stomach can leak into your esophagus, causing reflux that makes you feel the burn – and keeps you awake way past your bedtime. Avoid: Spicy foods such as peppers and chilies and drinks that are highly acidic, such as cranberry, grapefruit and orange juice. Digestive Pain You've probably heard that it's a good idea to avoid eating at least three hours before going to bed. This is because it takes the stomach at least this long to empty itself. Consuming certain foods and beverages can make the process lengthier and more arduous, especially if you're lactose-intolerant and have trouble digesting dairy products. This said, many people swear that a late-night glass of warm milk helps them sleep. There is some medical reinforcement to support this belief since milk contains tryptophan – the same chemical found in turkey. It is known to make many people sleepy, especially after a Thanksgiving dinner. Avoid: Dairy products if you're lactose-intolerant – including cheese, yogurt and ice cream – greasy foods and those that are high in fat, such as butter and peanuts. Bathroom Runs You might not notice the effects of diuretics during the day, either. But this is probably because you're on the go and don't mind having “to go” in the course of a busy day. But eat certain water-laden foods late at night and you're likely to spend more time running to the bathroom than counting sheep. Avoid: Asparagus, beets, cabbage, celery, cranberries, cucumbers, garlic, parsley and watermelon. Weight Gain Risk Many health experts say that eating anything late at night is counterproductive to a good night's sleep and good health in general since you're depriving your body of the ability to burn off calories. But confine the argument to carbohydrates, which can quickly lead to fat and weight gain. Even 8 ounces of pasta can contain about 300 calories and consist of nearly 80 percent carbohydrates. Avoid: Foods with a high-carb content, especially pasta and pizza. Smart Late-Night Choices Those leftover slices of pizza might call out to you late at night, but save them for the next day. Reach instead for a light, healthy snack that will quash your hunger pains. Some of the best choices include: • Bananas, which can actually promote sleep because they contain magnesium and potassium, which serve as natural muscle relaxants. • Broccoli and cauliflower, which supply the all-important “crunch factor” while racking up few carbohydrates. • Cherries, which contain melatonin, the chemical that helps properly “set” your body's internal clock. • Eggs, which are a good source of protein that your body should be able to digest quickly. • Jasmine rice, which your body digests oh-so-slowly while releasing glucose slowly into the bloodstream. • Kiwi, which a recent Norway study found improved the quality of sleep among insomniacs, probably because of its serotonin content. • Spaghetti squash, especially if you're craving the taste of pasta but don't want to dish up the carbs.
Types of Engine Lifters by Tony Oldhand new car engine with red trim image by Raxxillion from Fotolia.com An internal combustion engine has hundreds of components. One of the critical components is the lifters, also called tappets. Lifters ride on the camshaft and lift the push rods. The push rod, in turn, pushes on one side of a rocker arm, like a teeter-totter. The other side of the rocker arm pushes down on the valve when the camshaft pushes up on the lifter. There are three types of lifters used in engines, and all three have their pros and cons. Solid Lifters Solid lifters are made of a solid rod of hardened steel. Most are about 1 inch in diameter and 2 inches in length. The bottom of the lifter rides on the camshaft, and the top has a small depression where the push rod sits. According to Ball State University, solid lifters were commonplace in the 1960s and the 1970s. The advantage to a solid lifter is that it does not lose horsepower in the process of lifting. The drawback is that the rocker arm can go out of adjustment quite often. If you hear a car engine make a clack-clack-clack-clack sound when going down the road, it's because the rocker arms are out of adjustment and hammering the valves. Currently, solid lifters are used in racing engines due to the horsepower loss factor of hydraulics. Hydraulic Lifters A hydraulic lifter looks very similar to a solid lifter, except for one important internal difference: It is designed to be a self-adjusting shock absorber, using engine oil as the working fluid. When the camshaft lobe pushes up on the bottom of the lifter, an internal pool of oil pushes up on a piston and spring assembly. The internal piston pushes on the push rod. Due to this process, no rocker arm adjustment is needed since the lifter self-adjusts the entire valve train. The upside to hydraulic lifters is that the initial shock of contact is taken up by the oil, eliminating the constant need for rocker arm adjustment. The downside is that because it absorbs shock, the engine loses horsepower through the valve train. Moreover, hydraulic lifters have internal mechanical components that wear out, causing oil bypass or bleed-down. When it does wear out, the lifter no longer lifts. This condition is known as a "collapsed lifter." Roller Lifters Roller lifters are a significant advancement in automotive engine technology. Whereas a conventional lifter is cylindrical, with a flat bottom that rides on the cam lobe, a roller lifter uses a small wheel at the bottom, so the wheel rides on the cam lobe. This reduces friction significantly since the lobe does not scrape but rather rolls on the lifter. Roller lifters are available as solid lifters, for racing applications, or hydraulic, for conventional applications. The advantage of roller lifters is reduced friction at the cam. The drawback is increased cost since more manufacturing steps are involved in their production. More Articles
Tooth decay is one of the biggest dental problems. It affects individuals of all ages and although it is possible to reverse tooth decay in its early stages, it can cause several complications if left unattended. In severe cases, Mississauga dentists prescribe different types of treatment options depending on your individual needs. One of these prescriptions is a root canal treatment. Tooth decay is basically a result of weakening and destruction of the enamel that forms the outer layer of the teeth. Mostly, the cause is accumulation of plaque which is an accumulation of bacteria that will coat your teeth especially after consuming drinks and foods rich in sugar. If your tooth contracts an infection or decays, root canal treatment is the way to go. What is root canal? The term ‘root canal’ refers to the natural cavity at the center of your tooth. Inside, there are the nerves of the tooth as well as the pulp. Your teeth are capable of functioning without the nerves but the pulp is the one that allows your teeth to experience various sensations, such as the temperature of the food you consume. Root canal treatment on the other hand, is the process of drilling a hole in the tooth so as to access its natural cavity. After this, Mississauga dentists remove the pulp, clean the inside of the tooth and seal it to safeguard it from further damage. It is necessary to remove the pulp since it can house more bacteria and cause even more damage to your infected tooth. If allowed to stay inside your tooth, it can facilitate the development of pus in the cavity, causing bone loss and swelling. What does the root canal procedure entail? Depending on the factors surrounding your condition and its severity, a Mississauga dentist or endodontist may perform the root canal procedure. It usually takes a few visits to the dentist to complete a root canal treatment. First, the dentist has to take an X-ray of your mouth in order to establish the shape of your root canal as well as the progress of the condition. Your dentist will then apply local anesthesia to the area adjacent to the infected tooth and drill an access hole at the side of your tooth. It is through this that they will be able to remove the decayed nerve and pulp. Finally, they will clean the tooth and fill it. Mississauga dentists may recommend restoration of your tooth with the use of a crown. This will help return your tooth to functional condition and make the previously infected tooth inconspicuous. Generally, a root canal procedure is reliable. Teeth operated on can last a lifetime and although the procedure is painful at times, the discomfort you will experience is similar to that of a normal filling. Female dentist using a drill for the root canal treatment. Female dentist using a drill for the root canal treatment. How do you handle the after-effects of a root canal treatment? After a root canal treatment, you can expect your tooth to feel very sensitive. This is normal and is as a result of swollen tissue. Your dentist can prescribe pain relievers to address the issue and you can find out from them when you can resume your daily routine. Try as much as possible to avoid straining the operated tooth by refraining from chewing hard foods. Ensure that you maintain good oral hygiene by brushing and flossing your teeth regularly to keep germs away. Mississauga dentists also recommend that you visit yours periodically to ensure that your teeth remain at their best always. Root canal treatment is an incredible procedure that offers proven results. It provides you with an opportunity to save your teeth from the harmful effects and dangers that tooth decay brings with it. Prevention is always better than cure and as such, it is advisable to keep your teeth clean and healthy so as to avoid having to stress over tooth decay in the first place.
1-4 of 4 Results for: • Computational Linguistics x Clear all Katrin Erk Computational semantics performs automatic meaning analysis of natural language. Research in computational semantics designs meaning representations and develops mechanisms for automatically assigning those representations and reasoning over them. Computational semantics is not a single monolithic task but consists of many subtasks, including word sense disambiguation, multi-word expression analysis, semantic role labeling, the construction of sentence semantic structure, coreference resolution, and the automatic induction of semantic information from data. The development of manually constructed resources has been vastly important in driving the field forward. Examples include WordNet, PropBank, FrameNet, VerbNet, and TimeBank. These resources specify the linguistic structures to be targeted in automatic analysis, and they provide high-quality human-generated data that can be used to train machine learning systems. Supervised machine learning based on manually constructed resources is a widely used technique. A second core strand has been the induction of lexical knowledge from text data. For example, words can be represented through the contexts in which they appear (called distributional vectors or embeddings), such that semantically similar words have similar representations. Or semantic relations between words can be inferred from patterns of words that link them. Wide-coverage semantic analysis always needs more data, both lexical knowledge and world knowledge, and automatic induction at least alleviates the problem. Compositionality is a third core theme: the systematic construction of structural meaning representations of larger expressions from the meaning representations of their parts. The representations typically use logics of varying expressivity, which makes them well suited to performing automatic inferences with theorem provers. Manual specification and automatic acquisition of knowledge are closely intertwined. Manually created resources are automatically extended or merged. The automatic induction of semantic information is guided and constrained by manually specified information, which is much more reliable. And for restricted domains, the construction of logical representations is learned from data. It is at the intersection of manual specification and machine learning that some of the current larger questions of computational semantics are located. For instance, should we build general-purpose semantic representations, or is lexical knowledge simply too domain-specific, and would we be better off learning task-specific representations every time? When performing inference, is it more beneficial to have the solid ground of a human-generated ontology, or is it better to reason directly with text snippets for more fine-grained and gradual inference? Do we obtain a better and deeper semantic analysis as we use better and deeper manually specified linguistic knowledge, or is the future in powerful learning paradigms that learn to carry out an entire task from natural language input and output alone, without pre-specified linguistic knowledge? Knut Tarald Taraldsen This article presents different types of generative grammar that can be used as models of natural languages focusing on a small subset of all the systems that have been devised. The central idea behind generative grammar may be rendered in the words of Richard Montague: “I reject the contention that an important theoretical difference exists between formal and natural languages” (“Universal Grammar,” Theoria, 36 [1970], 373–398). Annie Zaenen Hearers and readers make inferences on the basis of what they hear or read. These inferences are partly determined by the linguistic form that the writer or speaker chooses to give to her utterance. The inferences can be about the state of the world that the speaker or writer wants the hearer or reader to conclude are pertinent, or they can be about the attitude of the speaker or writer vis-à-vis this state of affairs. The attention here goes to the inferences of the first type. Research in semantics and pragmatics has isolated a number of linguistic phenomena that make specific contributions to the process of inference. Broadly, entailments of asserted material, presuppositions (e.g., factive constructions), and invited inferences (especially scalar implicatures) can be distinguished. While we make these inferences all the time, they have been studied piecemeal only in theoretical linguistics. When attempts are made to build natural language understanding systems, the need for a more systematic and wholesale approach to the problem is felt. Some of the approaches developed in Natural Language Processing are based on linguistic insights, whereas others use methods that do not require (full) semantic analysis. In this article, I give an overview of the main linguistic issues and of a variety of computational approaches, especially those stimulated by the RTE challenges first proposed in 2004. Stergios Chatzikyriakidis and Robin Cooper Type theory is a regime for classifying objects (including events) into categories called types. It was originally designed in order to overcome problems relating to the foundations of mathematics relating to Russell’s paradox. It has made an immense contribution to the study of logic and computer science and has also played a central role in formal semantics for natural languages since the initial work of Richard Montague building on the typed λ-calculus. More recently, type theories following in the tradition created by Per Martin-Löf have presented an important alternative to Montague’s type theory for semantic analysis. These more modern type theories yield a rich collection of types which take on a role of representing semantic content rather than simply structuring the universe in order to avoid paradoxes.
Your Kids Want to Connect — Let Tech Be a Tool for Forming Friendships Technology can bridge social gaps and bring kids together, but it will never happen by merely handing your child an iPhone. They may be small, unable to drive, dependent, and (sometimes) sticky, but kids need social interaction just like the rest of us. By the time your child is in preschool, he or she will begin forming bonds that help with social, cognitive, and emotional development. Over time, complete strangers become best friends, and as they grow older, there’s a good chance technology will become a component of their relationship. Though it can be scary to think about kids talking to each other on computers and mobile devices, if used correctly, technology can play a positive role in your kids’ lives. From Family to Friends Until they’re 3 or 4 years old, kids primarily rely on siblings, parents, and other family members for friendship. In their kindergarten years, however, they begin to widen their social circles with other children. As I can attest, it was during my daughter’s early elementary school days that she began to like hanging out with friends as much as being with family. This is a very important time for children, as these bonds help them to develop a strong sense of optimism, confidence, altruism, empathy, and positive mental health. And over time, those early friendships begin to take on even more meaning. Supportive friends bring stability and help ward off isolation and depression. They can also increase kids’ sense of self-worth and serve as protection against anxiety, something that plagues even young children. Despite what you may have heard otherwise, technology can help fuel these relationships as they blossom. Keeping Kids Safe and Connected To be sure, not all tech is created with kids in mind. YouTube has its own set of problems, but other platforms like TikTok, Instagram, Snapchat, and Facebook are also unsuitable for children because of the emphasis they place on social validation in the form of likes, comments, and shares. This can be especially problematic for young kids who haven’t yet learned how to navigate social feedback and interaction on a large scale. But it isn’t all doom and gloom. My daughter benefits greatly from technology. She uses it to keep long-distance friendships going and stay in touch with her grandparents through FaceTime. But we do monitor her usage and introduce her to new tech options slowly. This allows us to ensure her safety, even as she continues to build her own sense of self. Technology can bridge social gaps and bring kids together, but it will never happen by merely handing your child an iPhone. It requires strategic approaches and safe, productive environments. Here are a few ways you can ensure your kids are benefitting from technology: 1. Enjoy tech as a family. By all means, watch age-appropriate, family-friendly Netflix movies with your kids and show them how to use its cool voice commands. Chat with relatives on Google Hangouts and make silly faces at the video camera. But stay in charge from beginning to end. Make sure children are not given full access to things technical or internet-based by keeping passwords top secret. 2. Avoid social media platforms. As you’re gradually introducing kids to technology, avoid the TikToks, Instagrams, and Facebooks of the world — they weren’t intended for children anyway. Avoiding these platforms also helps to prevent your kids from seeing harmful content that populates in feeds because of algorithms. We’ve all heard about children stumbling upon inappropriate videos on YouTube and YouTube Kids. When there are safe alternatives out there, why risk it? 3. Keep chat rooms safe. Does your kid love playing games on your phone or tablet? Before handing over the device, make sure the game is rated for kids younger than 13. This means it adheres to the privacy and parental control rules set by the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Rule — or COPPA. Even so, stay vigilant by playing and engaging with the game alongside your child (and remember to check whether it has a chat feature). I’m all for letting kids communicate with each other online, but parents need to monitor who their kids are talking to and what they’re talking about. Kids should be given the opportunity to foster early friendships as they evolve into deep, trusting, lifelong bonds — and cutting them off from technology isn’t going to help. Instead, let them use online platforms as a way to keep their emerging relationships active and healthy. Just be sure to always keep safety in mind, and help them find a healthy balance between using technology for mindless fun and connecting with friends. You might also like... How to Help Kids Reconnect With Their Friends During Social Distancing by Purva Gujar The Simple Bi-Weekly Ritual That Has Made Me So Much Happier by Nir Eyal Why Silicon Valley Parents Are Raising Their Kids Tech-Free by Business Insider Sign up for the Thrive Global newsletter Will be used in accordance with our privacy policy. Thrive Global

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