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We are living in a world where technology is improving day-by-day. New inventions create more space for malware and other internet intruders. Despite having antivirus and other advanced tools, there are always some chances that hackers, viruses, or any other intruder will ruin the security of your device. Attackers are so advanced that they create undetectable malware, and gain high economic value. And this undetectable malware can be used multiple times. Even a good antivirus cannot detect this malware, as these are built in a way that they are not included as a part of attack reporting, and the user of the device never gets any alert of the data theft event. There are a lot of virtual machines that are running seamlessly on the cloud of your Microsoft device, but before this point, there was no way to scan malware on it. Virtual machines are a software version of computers that runs in a cloud, and they replicate a computer that runs on operating systems like Linux or Windows. Some of them can also run on a single piece of hardware simultaneously. Due to this, the clouds are now running these virtual machines concurrently, which is not a good news for the system administrators, as they don’t want to compromise with the security. So, the systems administrators have to make sure that neither of these virtual machines run malware on your device. Some cloud management tools manage the problems by scanning the virtual machines for malware, but it should always run on supporting software on each virtual machine to work properly. Search tools can consume a lot of time to scan the malware, and it also alerts the malware that something is trying to detect it. In such cases, the malware tends to terminate itself and hide from the detecting tools. Thus, the Microsoft Research team has developed a new system called Project Freta that scans malware on the cloud. Project Freta is a free service that will detect evidence of the operating system and sensor sabotage in the memory snapshots of live Linux systems. Project Freta begins a roadmap towards trusted sensing for the clouds that can allow enterprises to engage in regular and complete discovery for this undetected malware. The Microsoft research developers have separated the security plane from the computing planes in a way that it can scan a large number of VMs or virtual machines without alerting them. Project Freta hides when it tries to detect the virtual machine’s memory without running anything on it to prevent the virtual machines from hiding themselves. Then Project Freta brings all the system objects that the VM holds based on an in-live memory snapshot of the Linux or Windows system. It also looks for processes, kernel modules, networks, in-memory files, and other things on the system. The system can then detect rootkits and advanced malware, which leads to the processing of VMC, and the system equips the fingerprint operating system from the memory image. This system is available for test on Azure accounts. Microsoft is, currently, denying access to some extra functionalities that enable the system to copy memory from the live virtual machines for offline analysis. This will allow users to detect more than 10,000 virtual machines at a time. Soon, these features will be available to all the users. Jackson Henry. I’m a writer living in USA. I am a fan of technology, arts, and reading. I’m also interested in writing and education. You can read my blog with a click on the button above. Source- Malware Scanner by Microsoft
Here’s Why UPS Batteries Fail For all your impedance testing, Uninterruptible Power Supply maintenance and Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) battery needs, contact UPS Systems plc by following this link. You might be left facing the risk of vital data loss in case your UPS fails due to a lack of proper maintenance. The failure of your UPS battery is usually the main culprit. To find out the main causes of UPS battery failure, please read on below. We also encourage you to reach out to us if you have any questions. An open circuit, usually resulting from cell dryout, is the most common mode of failure of a Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) battery. To power the UPS System DC Bus with a high current, Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) systems usually rely on a battery system that is connected in SERIES. The current flowing through the string will therefore break if one of the cells in the string opens up. Simply put, your entire UPS battery set up may end up failing due to the failure of a single battery cell. Temperature as a Cause of Battery Failure Temperature fluctuations or incorrect temperature is the most common cause of malfunctions in UPS batteries. Keeping the temperature of the lead acid battery at 22 to 25 degrees Celsius helps ensure that the battery achieves its average shelf life as set by the manufacturer and guarantees performance at an optimum level. If the temperature is over the upper limit, the battery’s life reduces, while its capacity increases; on the other hand, if the temperature goes below the lower limit, the battery is bound to be damaged in addition to underperforming. To put things into perspective, the shelf life is halved every time the temperature goes up by 8 degrees Celsius. As such, you should expect your batteries to only last half of their rated life, which may be five or ten years, in 35 degree Celsius operating temperature. Eventually All UPS Batteries Die All UPS batteries die eventually regardless of how well you follow their direction for use. These batteries, as their power delivery capabilities diminish over time, will need to be replaced by new ones bought at a UPS Battery Shop. Discharge Cycles of UPS Batteries The amount of recharge and discharge cycles of a UPS battery one of the main causes of a reduction in the life of the battery. The resulting battery life reduction is directly proportional to the level of energy drawn from it during a discharge. The breakdown of the contacts of the battery is the main cause in this case. The premature death of batteries is directly caused by regular discharging. Battery discharge cycles should also include short Uninterruptible Power Supply activity caused by sag and swell compensation. Testing the battery terminal connection torque regularly, thermal imaging scans for unusual or hot operating conditions, testing the voltage of the battery and visual inspections are some of the effective preventative maintenance steps. To guarantee reliable operation of your UPS, maintaining and serving your battery regularly is essential. The likelihood of identifying weak batteries before they completely fail as well as removal of corrosion and ensuring the integrity of connections increases with preventative maintenance. Your UPS batteries are more likely to malfunction when they are neglected. While replacement is necessary over time, regular maintenance is important. You can put your mind at ease, prevent the failure of your UPS battery and also get a better picture of its condition with UPS Systems’ UPS maintenance check. It is possible for you to identify a problematic battery before it causes a collapse of your entire UPS system, and even maximise the battery shelf life with the right maintenance and storage, even if no system can serve you for eternity.
web analytics Anemia In Pregnancy: A Silent Health Threat Pregnant women are typically encouraged to take a variety of supplements or, even better, to boost their nutrient intake through food sources for greater bioavailability. In response, most pregnant women will take prescribed folic acid supplements, but they may miss out on other important nutrients – especially iron, and for pregnant women, this can be deadly. Anemia Increases Maternal Mortality About 15-25% of American women develop anemia during pregnancy, while those rates are as high as 50% in low- to middle-income countries. With this in mind, Queen Mary University of London examined data on over 300,000 pregnancies across the developing world and researchers found that anemic women are two times more likely to die during pregnancy or shortly after delivery than their non-anemic counterparts. This research raised alarms regarding global maternal mortality rates, but considering the unusually high maternal mortality rates in the US, American women should also pay attention to their iron levels. Iron Boosters If you want to give your body a boost and ward off anemia, there are plenty of foods that can help. First, there’s heme iron, which comes from meat like turkey, lean beef, and oysters (although pregnant women should avoid the latter). Then there’s non-heme iron, which comes from spinach, oatmeal, beans, and even fortified cereals. Eating a balanced diet will help you get a combination of both forms of iron, and ensures your body can meet the increased oxygen demands of the pregnant body, prevent infant anemia, and reduce the likelihood preterm birth. It’s important to note that consuming enough iron isn’t enough to prevent anemia, and that not all anemia is caused by iron deficiency. There is also folate-deficiency anemia, though this is less common in pregnant women who are typically prescribed folic acid supplements, as well as anemia caused by secondary deficiencies like B12. Without B12, your body can’t form new blood cells, leading to anemia. Adding more meat and eggs to your diet can help bridge that gap. Other Anemia Risks In addition to insufficient iron intake, doctors are also seeing a growing number of pregnant women who have anemia related to marijuana use. Though pregnant women are increasingly compliant when it comes to ceasing cigarette and alcohol use during pregnancy, marijuana use is up, and is especially common during the first trimester. Women who are pregnant or hoping to become pregnant should avoid marijuana products to protect against anemia; it can also result in low birthweight in exposed infants. Finally, women who are pregnant with multiples, who have had two pregnancies close together, and who suffer serious morning sickness, especially hyperemesis gravidarum, are at a higher risk for anemia. All of these increase demands on the body and can make it harder to meet your nutritional requirements. If any of these apply to you, consult with your doctor to determine whether you should be taking an iron supplement Typically, anemia causes bruising and may lead to dizziness, weakness, headache, and cold extremities, but in pregnant women, it can be much more serious, so be vigilant about your eating habits during this time. Take your prenatal vitamins, eat a balanced diet, and talk to your doctor about your iron levels. Your health – and your baby’s – depends on it.
National Preparedness Month 2020 – Week 4 Week 4 rounds out the month with the suggestion to ‘Teach Youth about Preparedness’. This a topic I have covered before (See Including your kids in the plan) but it is till a very important one to discuss. While it may seem obvious that you want to teach your kids about the preparedness plans you have, it is not as simple as a family dinner discussion. Age of your children is one key factor. A 6 year old will have a very different role than a 16 year old. Take this into account when address certain scenarios. One key to doing well with kids is to start early. Start with simple things, such as what to do if there is a fire or the smoke alarm goes off. Teach them how to get out safely and where to meet you outside. Use a honest but not frightening approach. Also keep it simple. 6 year olds will much more reliably follow instructions like “meet at the mailbox” than “get to safety”. This will hopefully help them to understand and not freeze up in fear. This also sets the tone when you broach larger subjects with them. Give them a responsibility. For the youngest, it could be a backpack of their own containing comfort items such as colored pencils ( don’t melt or dry up), coloring books, a flashlight, and a favorite stuffed animal. This makes them feel a part of the plan. If everyone else has bags, they may feel disconnected and not invest in things. For older kids it may be helping to inventory food stores, assisting their younger siblings during drills, or loading certain things in the car in the event of evacuation (bugging out). This can help to give them some insight into why this is being done. Many in the terrible teens may not fathom what could happen without that. In addition, the helping hands older kids can lend may be welcome help when planning and when enacting that plan. Additionally, you need to teach kids skills that they may need. While you may not plan to run off and live like Grizzly Adams, some basic woodcraft can be a life saver. Practice things such as water purification, fire starting. safe knife usage, firearm safety, and what to do if they end up lost alone (in the city or in the woods). This skills are much more than their individual ones, they can help to build an adaptability in kids that they can apply even as adults. One last thing. When possible, keep things light. While kids need to understand the seriousness of some of these matters, they should not lie awake at night worrying about what disaster will happen. There is no reason to have them live in fear. Let them know that the reason you plan is to overcome those disasters. Kids have enough to worry about daily already. It is best if next weeks history test, who to ask to the school dance, or which college to go to are their biggest anxieties. They are only kids once. As parents, we do what we do to let them have that. As with all planning, there is no rubber stamp method to do it. You, your kids, and your environment will dictate how you involve them. Remember also that by involving them now, you not only prepare them for your plans, but also how to make their own when they are adults. National Preparedness Month 2020 – Week 3 National Preparedness Month 2020 – Week 2 As part of National Preparedness Month recommends that week 2 include building a preparedness kit. While everyone’s kit has to be personalized for your family, location, and expected disasters, there are some common considerations. I have tried to outline what types of kits, or bags, there are and some of the contents that you should cover. Building a Bag I have also, after many requests, built a list of items that are suggestions, but also link to items that can be purchased. Suggested Buying List FEMA has also put out some checklists and pamphlets on related to preparedness. While most are rather basic, they are worth a look and I have listed them in the links below. FEMA Checklists: Prepare for Emergencies Now: Information to Get Ready Family Communication Plan Fillable Form Emergency Supply Kit Checklist Take this week to review what supplies you might need, how best to organize them, and what items you need to store your Bug Out Kit if you must leave your home due to the disaster. Having these items at your disposal will greatly increase not only your chances of survival, but how comfortable you are as you ride out the disaster. Creative Shopping during Panic Buying By now, almost everyone has ran into something that they have had on the list to buy that was absent on the shelves of their local store. Paper products, cleaners, meat, and flour are just a few that have been reported. Whether it is through panic buying that sucks up the supply or limited supply due to lack of incoming stock, people have found empty shelves where they expected the items they need. This is not a new phenomenon. Those in hurricane prone areas see it when major storms get announced. The same can happen in areas plagued by huge snowstorms. The Covid-19 pandemic has caught a lot more people with out a plan unprepared because of its wide reaching effects and duration. While I always advocate preparing before hand for events such as this, some readers are not in that position or have had major life changes that they had not planned for. Due to that I am going to discuss some ways that I have found to fill out that shopping list when you local grocery store is bare. The first suggestion i have is to look at alternate, not so normal, locations. When Covid-19 just began and paper products, water, and other items became scarce, I happened to be in a national brand pharmacy. Walking the aisles I discovered that products absent from the normal grocery store were in stock in quantity. In addition, any that were higher priced, were only moderately so. It seems no one thought to hit the pharmacy grocery aisles. Some other examples of places that are not on a lot of peoples radar are convenience stores, restaurant supply stores, ethnic grocery stores, farmer’s markets, and home stores (like T. J. Maxx and Marshall’s) that have dry goods. In addition I found that higher end grocers such as The Fresh Market had items like chicken breast and ground beef when other “regular” stores were out. Sometimes the pricing was higher, but normally the quality was also. While I was shopping in alternate locations, I heard many of my coworkers complaining that they could not find X item, but when asked would confess that they never even went to a different grocery store to look for it. So sometimes it was good to stray from your normal habits and try places such as this. Another suggestion is to look for alternative products. When toilet paper became a ‘fight in the aisle’ item, many places still had flush-able wipes or at least baby wipes. Even facial tissue could be an option and was in stock almost everywhere in at least small quantities. So take a creative look at what you could use. Some other examples include using couscous in the place of spaghetti noodles, frozen veggie burgers in place of ground beef patties, or packaged soup mixes in place of canned soup. There are a lot of times pretty simple alternates if you simply look. The beauty of these is that if you normally don’t think of it, lots of other people won’t either. A third suggestion is what I like to call mob shopping. What this consists of is a group of people, whether it being family, friends, or other, that coordinate their shopping. This can either be by sharing your list and shopping on different days/times or at the same time, but each at different stores. Which option works best depends on your area. One savvy friend of mine accompanied her Dad to her local grocery store in the early “over x age” hour on the morning after the grocer got a new truck shipment. The other people in her group did similar at other stores in different areas and that gave them the best stocked shelves. This gave them the most opportunities to fill every ones’ orders. This can take some organization, but with a bit of planning and communication via text or calls this can help everyone out. So as you can see, a bit of creative thinking and problem solving can provide you the best shot at keeping your family stocked with supplies. Just remember that as you shop, that buying extra as you can will help you if future shortages happen. Start by concentrating on those “have to have” items and fill out some of the additional wants to keep things from being too stale of experience. For other tips on planning food stores, take a look around the site and I am sure you will get some ideas. Surprises for a New Gun Buyer in 2020 Shelter in Place, Isn’t that just Bugging In? There are lots of areas around the world right now where orders to “Shelter in Place” have been issued. In others, people have been requested to stay home by “Safer at Home” campaigns. Some people seem upset by this. Unfortunately, just like a lot of people refuse to plan for any type of emergency, it seems like lots of people refuse to recognize this pandemic. Moving about for anything but the most essential things puts you, your loved ones, and those you encounter at risk. I prefer to think of this as a bugging in scenario. While there may be no zombies or nuclear fallout, traveling around unnecessarily is still very dangerous. So, the best option is to avoid that contact with others so that we can let the virus burn itself out. Unfortunately, those with no planning panic at the thought of isolating themselves. Realization that they have no store of essentials to sustain them causes several different possible reactions. Some panic and rush to hoard whatever might spontaneously leap to their mind as “essential.” This results in chaos and some odd buying patterns, like the toilet paper hoarding. Many rushed past food, water, and medical supplies, to grab the most toilet paper they could heap on a cart. I hate to inform them, but without food and water there is not much need for toilet paper. Besides, as much as our germophobic hygiene obsessed society would hate to think of it, humans survived for a long time without toilet paper. Others react with anger based on this panic. They say that being told to stay home is a violation of their rights. In my eyes this is just a knee jerk reaction. I am a very big proponent of individual rights. This is a public health situation and has to be treated as a threat. Mandates to shelter would have never been needed if people just used common sense and paid attention to the warnings. Instead people still go about like nothing is going on. While statistically this is not anything like the 1918 Spanish Flu, it does have the potential to be very devastating. With much larger numbers of people traveling much more and farther on normal days, one infected person could set off a chain to infect thousands. Limiting contact limits the spread and is the only 100% effective precaution. Still others react with panic driven by fear based on a lack of control. These people tend to insist that the government is not doing enough and must help them. This is due to the fact that they have been totally dependent on these support systems beforehand. They are used to having things just magically taken care of for them. They don’t care to know how it happens, just that they don’t have to bother with it. They are happy as long as they can get up every day, swing through a drive through for breakfast, go about their morning, get take out for lunch, and then stop on the way home by to pick up a pizza for dinner. When this is interrupted, they have nothing to fall back on. Most take no responsibility for the issues. They just point fingers and place blame on others for not fixing it so that their lives are not inconvenienced. Fortunately, if you have even done basic planning, isolating should be less of a shock. While you may not have everything you want, you should have what you need in quantities that keep from making unnecessary trips out. You are probably much more likely to be adaptive and make due. If beans and rice are all you have until your order at the local grocer can be filled, then you make the best of it. If you can’t get the brand you like of an item, you take the brand you can. That attitude is one of the best tools to get you through this. One other things to take from this is that this is a great soft run for your planning. It will expose some weak points that you need to remedy. Luckily, things should begin to stabilize as supply chains catch up and health care providers find out more info on COVID-19 treatment. So during this time that you may have a bit more free time to use, review things and make notes as to what needs to be beefed up or changed. If it is more supplies you need, go ahead and order them if you can. If it is revising how you react to certain situations, sit down with your family or group and hash out how to amend the plan. Lastly, let me just say that there is a bright spot in this that some people may pass up. On normal days families are in such a frantic rush to get to work, school, and activities that it is hard to squeeze in time to bond. During this time, lots of those commitments will be eased up. Take some of that extra time to prepare and enjoy a family meal, play games, have a long phone conversation, or whatever brings you you closer to those you love, even if they are far away geographically. The technology is there to talk to, see, or even play games with them no matter how far they may be. So make use of it and hopefully we will all emerge from this better for the shared experience. Stay prepared and stay safe out there…. bugged in. Great things to do while stuck at home It seems for many people either forced to shelter-in-place by government orders or just personally isolating themselves cabin fever is setting in. Here are some suggestions and links to help out. Reading is a great way to pass the time and keep your mind occupied. If you are short on books, Kindle Unlimited is free for the first month Sign up here: Kindle unlimited If you need something to read on, Amazon has a special going Listen to Audio books Audible is giving away free streams of kids’ books while schools are closed. If you want you can sign up or even give a gift subscription to someone to allow them access to the entire library. Play Games Board games are a great hit in my house with the adults and kids. There are many types to choose from. Some popular ones UNO – Not necessarily a board game, but a card game good for all ages. If you don’t have Amazon Prime, you can sign up for $5.99 a month and get those games shipped free 2 day shipping. Amazon prime for $5.99/month Or you could do a 30 day Free Trial if you haven’t in the past. Amazon Prime 30 day Free Trial Fire Up the Grill Around our house if always seems so rushed that we never get to take time out on the deck to cook out and hang out. Get fresh air, good food, and family time all in one. Grilling supplies Go Outside I know that sounds kind of against the isolation, but I mean if you are fortunate enough to have a decent yard where you can relax without coming in close contact with neighbors. Some games I recommend for outside Corn Hole toss Ring Toss I know the change of routine and sometimes seemingly cramped quarters can cause a little bit of insanity. Try to make the best of it with everyone home by looking into some outlets above. The alternative (going out) could keep the world fighting COVID-19 much longer as people infect and potentially re-infect others. If you have preparations already in place, take the time to relax a bit. Whether things get better or worse, you will need to be ready to get back to the routine or implement your disaster planning. Lastly, stay safe wherever you are and stay prepared. Relax – You can’t eat Toilet Paper – COVID-19 Blind Panic Right now, it is almost impossible to go an hour without seeing or hearing about COVID-19. It is running amuck in most of the world right now causing shortages and fear. Please watch out for yourself and your loved ones. Maintain good hygiene by washing your hands well (soap and warm water for 20 seconds) and using other sanitation item you may have. Practice isolation from the general public to whatever degree you can. Just to be safe. If you are in areas that do not have mandatory shelter-in-place orders, halting the spread of the virus might help to keep it that way. The key is to be safe and prepared but not to panic. Panic is driving the toilet paper shortage (for no good reason). Those loading up on toilet paper, but not any other essentials, may find themselves very hungry if this lasts an extended period of time. Stocking up on things like canned soups, crackers, peanut butter, and protein bars are a good idea. All of these have an extended shelf life and most can be eaten without heating them. As an alternate to toilet paper since it does seem to be hard to track down, flush-able wipes can still be found some places. I suggest using Amazon so you can avoid the stores. Flushable Wipes They also have toilet paper, though not as cheap as before and not a common brand Toilet paper Pick up some protein bars and peanut butter while you are there if you need to stock up. Cliff Bars Peanut Butter Again, stay safe out there by using common sense to limit your exposure and avoid the panic that the unprepared seem to be having. If you have questions or concerns feel free to contact me on the Contact page Contact Leveled Survival Coronavirus: Pandemic or Panic Unless you live under a rock, you will know that Coronavirus is a very hot issue in the world right now. It is almost impossible to visit a news site, turn on the television, or listen to the radio without encountering a story about it. It is so overwhelming that it is difficult to discern what the real facts are and what is hype to get better ratings or political clout. It is important to examine the details to determine the best course of action. First, what is the coronavirus? According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Common symptoms that occur with COVID-19 are fever, tiredness, and dry cough. Less frequently people may have aches and pains, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat or diarrhea. For the vast majority of patients these symptoms are mild and begin gradually. Some people who become infected don’t develop any symptoms and don’t feel unwell. About 80 percent of the people that become infected actually get better without any special treatment. Only about 1 in 6 that get the illness will have serious issues. Lots of times this is due to other already present medical issues. Of all those that get ill, only 2 percent die according to currently reported numbers. Some sources theorize that this percentage may even be too high since some people that would fall into the mildly ill category might just get well and fail to report it. It might be chalked up to a mild case of the flu or a bad cold. As you can see from this data, Coronavirus is far from a Black Plague type illness. While localized, the virus can spread fairly rapidly, globally it is very limited. Right now only about 5 percent of the verified cases are outside China. This means with proper medical response and quarantine those already infected should be able to get well without infecting others. Globally this makes a huge difference. While a vaccine would be great, stopping the spread from person to person will begin to snuff out the virus. So, the biggest question might be “How do I prepare for this?” In all honesty the first step is common sense. Practice good hygiene to avoid the possibility of picking the virus up from your surroundings. This includes properly washing your hands, keeping your hands away from your mouth and eyes, and not sharing drinks with anyone. These will go much farther toward keeping you healthy in most surroundings than a mask. Another part of this is limiting your interaction with others if you become ill. As much as possible, avoid interactions with family, friends, and coworkers until you are well. This will contain the spread if you do have the coronavirus and possibly keep you from catching it a second time from those you infected. As far as more traditional preparation, the need to possibly secluded yourself means you should make sure that you are stocked up on essentials. Food, water, toilet paper, prescription medications, and cold/flu medications to help with the symptoms is a good starting point. This will mean you can stay at home and limit exposing others or being exposed. This may well be enough if the virus progresses as it is now. There are two other possibilities that you may need to ponder when deciding your level of preparation. The first is that due to either an explosive spread of the virus or a viral mutation that makes it much deadlier, the situation globally becomes much worse. The second is that public panic sets in causing social upheaval that exceeds the danger of the virus itself. If either of these were to happen, you may need to prepare at a higher level. In this case, depending on how bad it gets, you might need longer term and more elaborate food and gear stores. Gear such as flashlights, a camp stove, water purification systems, and hygiene supplies should be stocked in case power goes out and cannot be restored quickly. Longer term food in larger quantities could be needed since you may not know when you will be able to get more. Panicked people (for good reasons or not) can pick the stores clean very quickly. That is already happening in some areas. Also, transportation of goods might be limited as a precaution and that would isolate you from online sources. In addition, proper personal protection equipment (PPE) should be on hand to protect you at times you have to interface with people, animals, or locations that might infect you. Proper masks and gloves would be the most basic. Face shields, hazmat suits, and disinfecting chemicals might be in order if you plan for the worst. Planning and gathering supplies should be done soon if you plan to. An amount of panic has already set in for certain people and areas. This is causing your selection of certain items to be thinner than normal. One example is N95 masks. These are almost impossible to get through normal channels and auction sites are seeing them sell for ridiculous prices. It is simply the law of supply and demand with a hefty dose of opportunistic greed tossed in. If you are looking for more specifics on items you might need, my previous post The list I thought I would never make is a good starting point. The items listed there are aimed at making a family prepared for longer term survival in uncertain situations. So, in this changing situation, remember to stay calm and plan ahead in order to stay on top of the situation as the level increases. As always, if you have specific questions, feel free to contact me.
Water Main Breaks A water main is an underground pipe that delivers water to a resident’s service pipe. In residential areas it usually runs under the street. If a hole or crack develops in the pipe, the water will typically find its way to the surface. Because the water main is under pressure, water will continue to flow until the break is repaired. Water main breaks are more likely to occur when frost penetrates deep into the ground, to a level of 3-5 feet, usually from late January until early April. While cold temperatures may send the frost deeper, the level of snow cover is also important. Snow will act as a "blanket" insulating the ground. In years when there is plenty of snow, the frost does not go as deep. If water needs to be turned off for a water main break, homeowners will receive little or no notice. The water can flood streets and private property causing damage and safety hazards, and must be controlled as quickly as possible. Under what circumstances would a Boil Order be issued: If you have a question on whether or not your residence is under a boil order please call 847-546-8752 or email us (Boil orders will not be posted on social media websites). If the water is ever confirmed to be contaminated per the IEPA regulations, additional notification will take place including but not limited to; news and media outlets, reverse-911 calls and other methods. But for a precautionary boil order with no confirmed contamination, only the door tags will be hung overnight. At that time a boil order will be issued, and water sample(s) will be taken for testing in keeping with EPA standards. Boil Water Order Guidelines(PDF)
Enjoy free shipping today! Enter code SHIP1MD at checkout. A Prebiotic May Protect Against Osteoarthritis 7 minute read Osteoarthritis is a common ailment for those who are overweight. It was commonly thought that this was caused because of the additional wear and tear placed on joints from the extra weight. Recent studies, however, have found that wear and tear is not the reason you develop osteoarthritis. The culprit is actually hanging out nowhere near your joints; they are living in your gut. Microbes and Your Joints: The Untold Story Bacteria live in your gut to support digestion as well as your immune system. It is well known that when these bacteria are unbalanced, you can experience health problems, such as inflammatory bowel disease. It’s why probiotics are so popular. \| Related: Erectile Dysfunction: Can Probiotics Help? \| These bacteria also affect your joint health if you are overweight. High fat diets can influence the behavior and environment for these bacteria and trigger widespread inflammation. The recent study found that obese mice had more harmful bacteria in their gut, and more inflammation. The spread of inflammation through your body causes your joints to weaken and can speed up deterioration. Osteoarthritis develops not because of the added weight on your joints, but because they are weakened at a faster rate because of your diet. Although, the additional weight certainly doesn’t help. \| Related: Daily Probiotics Help With IBS \| The Western diet typically favors processed foods and high fat content, which causes many Americans to develop obesity and diabetes. A high fat diet causes a shift in your gut bacteria and friendly strains become outnumbered by not so friendly ones. These changes in your gut environment can lead to gastrointestinal diseases and systemic inflammation, which is what spreads to your joints. What You Feed Your Bacteria Matters The fat you eat needs to be broken down by certain enzymes to be properly absorbed. Bile acids made by your liver act as an emulsifier, allowing the fat you eat to mix with your water-based digestive fluids and get broken down. When fat is detected in your stomach, a hormone called CCK is released, which triggers the production of the much needed bile acids. The more fat that you eat, the more CCK you are going to produce. Some of the bacteria in your gut use the bile acids to produce antibiotics that kill off other strains to lessen the competition. With a balanced diet, the production of these antibiotics is controlled to keep a healthy ratio of good to bad bacteria. High fat content causes more antibiotics to be produced, which throws your microbiome out of balance and the result is inflammation. \| Related: Eating Your Way to Inflammation Relief \| As inflammation spreads through your body, it attacks cells, tissues, and joints. Once it reaches your joints, it causes swelling, increased joint fluid, muscle loss, and bone and cartilage damage. This gradually leads to the deterioration of your joint and osteoarthritis. Any additional weight will also put strain on your weakened joints, but if they had not been previously damaged by inflammation, you would be in better shape. Control Inflammation With Prebiotics The study involving obese mice found that inflammation had spread to their knee joints and caused meniscal tears and deteriorated cartilage, both of which are common signs of osteoarthritis. \| Related: Can Probiotics Help WIth Psoriasis Flare Ups? \| When their diets were changed, the inflammation cleared and their joints were able to heal to the point of being indistinguishable from that of lean mice. The dietary change consisted of a daily prebiotic known as oligofructose. Prebiotics are not something we can digest; however, your gut bacteria love them. These treats allow your intestinal friends to thrive and grow. With a regular intake of prebiotics, your friendly bacteria can take over and crowd out the harmful pro-inflammatory strains. As these dangerous bacteria are sent into hiding, inflammation diminishes and your joints can begin to repair themselves. Administering prebiotics did not help mice with the obesity, but their joints became healthier. Reducing inflammation helps to protect the joints from degeneration, which shows that inflammation was the culprit all along and not the extra weight. Osteoarthritis, therefore, is a secondary complication to inflammatory-based diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease. Getting the Prebiotics You Need Prebiotics are the indigestible plant fibers that provide food to the bacteria living in your gut. The more food (prebiotics) they have, the more efficiently they can work; and the healthier you will be. The best food sources for prebiotics, apart from some brands of probiotic supplements, include: ♦ Chicory root ♦ Dandelion greens ♦ Garlic ♦ Jerusalem artichoke ♦ Onions ♦ Leeks ♦ Asparagus ♦ Bananas ♦ Oats ♦ Apples ♦ Flaxseeds Apart from helping with inflammation and joint repair, prebiotics provide other health benefits. This makes perfect sense considering that the health of your gut bacteria is linked to the health of your digestive system and your overall immunity. Digestive Health: By nourishing your gut bacteria, you maintain a healthy balance within your intestines, fostering efficient digestion. Toxic bacteria are kept at bay, thereby protecting you from digestive troubles, such as diarrhea, leaky gut syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and ulcerative colitis. Enhanced Immunity: Prebiotics have been linked to the modulation of biomarkers and activities on your immune system. Regular prebiotic consumption can cause a reduction in the concentration of cancer-promoting enzymes. Heart Health: Food that is high in prebiotics reduces glycation (glycation increases the amount of free radicals in your system as well as inflammation). They also have the ability to improve your body’s ability to prevent ischemic heart disease and autoimmune diseases, such as arthritis. Improved Mood: The bacteria in your gut influences hormonal balance, which can affect your mood. There is a strong connection between your gut and your brain, so an unhappy gut means an unhappy you. The Bottom Line Your gut microbiome is an important community that can be responsible for improving your health as well as damaging it. The American high-fat diet can damage this community on a daily basis, and your body is paying the consequences. Understanding that your weight is not contributing to your joint pain is the first step in healing your body. Adding prebiotics to your diet keeps your gut bacteria happy and your joints feeling good. READ NEXT >>> The 11 Most Important Probiotic Strains Thank You Check Your Email To Find Your Free E-Book
Termite Problem? Call Acclaimed today! Did you know? Termites cause over $5 billion in property damage annually. (Source: National Pest Management Association) Our Termite and Wood Destroying Organisms Services: Termite and Wood Destroying Organisms • Inspections • Clearance Reports • Fumigation • Localized Treatment • Wood repair and replacement Common California Termites Where they are located Everywhere in California. Drywood termites like drier climate. Subterranean termites favor coastal areas. How to identify them / What do they look like? Drywoods: reddish heads without segmented bodies. Subterranean: black without segmented bodies. Swarmers have wings of equal length. Where do they hide? Wood structures and finishings. Drywoods more commonly found in attics and around windows/doors. Subterranean: come up from the soil. More commonly found in subterranean areas and areas of high moisture. What do they leave behind? Drywoods leave behind “Frass” (termite droppings, fecal matter) looks like sand or wood chipping Subterranean leave behind mud tubes. What dangers do they pose? Destroy wood framing in structure, leaving it weak or brittle. What's involved in Attack (eliminating the problem) Fumigation or local treatment. How do you defend (preventing reinfestation) Regular inspections. Protect (maintaining the defenses) Residual treatments on wood members
The Rainbow Serpent Eaglehawk and Crow Story Title 3 The Rainbow Serpent At the beginning of the Dreamtime, the earth was flat and dry and empty. There were no trees, no rivers, no animals and no grass. It was a dry and flat land. One day, Goorialla, the rainbow serpent woke from his sleep and set off to find his tribe. He crossed Australia from east to west and north to south, stopping to listen for his people. He crossed every part of the dry, flat Australia but found nothing. After searching for a long time, he grew tired and lay down to sleep. The land he lay down to sleep on was not the same land he had set out to search for his people on, though. As he had looked for his people, his big, long body had cut great gouges into the land. Goorialla lay in the sand all alone until he decided to create more life in the world. He called “Frogs, come out!” and frogs rose out of the ground with their bellies full of the water they stored. He tickled the frogs until the water burst from their mouth and filled the gouges in the land. These gouges made the rivers and streams we see today. As the water flowed over the land, grass and trees began to grow and fill the land with colour. Eaglehawk and Crow Long, long time ago Eaglehawk, it was his turn to go hunting. So Eaglehawk had a little baby, and he asked Crow, he went over to his neighbour Crow and asked Crow if he’d look after his baby while he went hunting, because food was getting much scarcer now and they had to go much further and further away from the camp. So Eaglehawk, he went to Crow and asked him. Crow didn’t want to look after the baby, he said “No, no I don’t want to look after the baby, he’s crying too much, he’ll cry all the time and disturb the camp”. But Eaglehawk said, “No, he’ll be right, Crow”. He said, “You take him away and you sit down there and talk to him, or sing to him and he’ll quieten down”. Crow was still reluctant to take the baby, he said, “No, I don’t want to look after the kid”. So anyway, Eaglehawk just handed the baby to Crow and said, “Okay, when we come back, whatever meat we get we’ll bring it back and we’ll share it with you”. Crow had to be satisfied with that and Eaglehawk just went off with his young men and of course they had to go a long, long way from the camp. But Crow, after he got the baby, he took it into his gunyah, his hut, and he sat down there with the baby and he was singing to it and talking to it, but the baby wouldn’t stop crying. Just kept on crying and crying and crying. So Crow was getting really annoyed, no way he could stop the baby. So Crow went out and he got his boondie-his hitting stick-and banged the little fella with the hitting stick and killed him. Then he got the baby and he put it up the back of his camp, right in the back of the gunyah. He put all the leaves around it, and a bit of bark and a kangaroo skin. He had a kangaroo skin, a cloak, so he put that over the baby. And anyway, everything was quiet then so Crow went away from his camp and started doing what he wanted to do then. So after, when Eaglehawk came back late in the afternoon, Crow ran back into the camp and he was sitting at the doorway and he was making out he was singing to the baby. Crow’s sitting there and Eaglehawk came up to him and said “I’ve come to pick my baby up now Crow. He’s very quiet, you must have sung him to sleep. And Crow said, “Yeah, he’s right in the back of the gunyah there, he’s right in the back of the camp. He’s sound asleep. Don’t wake him, leave him there. Eaglehawk said, “No, I’ll take him home now and look after him”. So when Eaglehawk walked into the camp, the gunyah, to get his baby, he noticed that everything was really still and too still around him. So once Eaglehawk walked into the back of the camp and picked the baby up, Crow took off and he ran out and hid in the mallee, the thick scrub. So Eaglehawk he started yelling, “My baby, Crow killed my baby”, so all his other hunters came up to him with their spears and he said, “Go after him. Chase him into the thick mallee and get him. We’ll kill him”. So they ran after Crow, but he got right into the centre of the mallee and they couldn’t find him. So Eaglehawk said, “We’ll set a light to the mallee and we’ll burn him out. He’s got to be punished for what he did to my baby.” So they set a light to the mallee, and they went right back, away from the fire and they’re sitting right out there, waiting for all the smoke to go away. And then they saw this bird flying out of the smoke, at the end of the smoke this black bird came out. And Eaglehawk said, “That’s him. That’s Crow. He’s been punished now, his spirit turned into a black bird.” And today, Eaglehawk and Crow still carry on the fight after that. They’re birds today and they still carry on the fight. Crow will still go up to Eaglehawk’s nest and try to pick at his babies, the eyes of his babies. And in the air when Eaglehawk’s circling for food, Crow will go after him again and try to pick at him. So they still carry on the fight after what happened when they were people years ago
Throughout back into full consciousness. When Mrs. Armitage 0 Comment Throughout various works of literature, the use of figurative speech helps to take on different lenses to further explore moral issues. These moral issues often help to explore the implications on a society and how people treat each other as a result of it. Thus, helping one to understand hidden meanings and the effects of overshadowing morality in a society. The film, Get Out, directed by Jordan Peele, portrays the impact of systemic racism as a societal norm and being a direct consequence of moral issues. Primarily, privilege and systemic racism is tackled through the use of figurative speech and hidden meanings. Furthermore, the effects of systemic racism and privilege are displayed through how one’s upbringing and surroundings, in this case society, can affect how they treat others. We Will Write a Custom Essay Specifically For You For Only $13.90/page! order now This portrays how morality is greatly impacted by what is engrained in the psyche.To begin with, the use of figurative devices helps to uncover hidden themes that are prevalent in various aspects. This not only creates depth, but helps to understand the significance of the device in correlation to the underlying issue. Primarily, the silver spoon is a reoccurring symbol that is used by Mrs. Armitage to hypnotize Chris whenever he snaps back into full consciousness. When Mrs. Armitage starts stirring with the spoon during Chris’s first session, Christ states “”I can’t feel my legs…I don’t know who I am”” (Peele). The spoon symbolizes the control and power the Armitages use to control blacks, without any consequence. This portrays the systemic racism because of how Mrs. Armitage is seen as a means of help; while on the contrary, she uses her power abusively to inferiorate blacks with something as small as a spoon.Subsequently after the hypnosis Chris ends up in a dark void, as known as the Sunken Place. The Sunken Place is a metaphor that is prevalent throughout the course of the film. The Sunken Place is the aftermath of Chris’s hypnosis; after he is trapped he does not have any control over himself or surroundings. As Chris is consumed by the darkness in the process of his hypnosis, he states, “I don’t know where I am, I don’t know who I am and I don’t know why I am” (Peele). The Sunken Place is a representation of white ownership over black bodies. Similarly, how Chris is “sunken” anytime he entrusts in white people. Through this, viewers are further able to understand how the continuous free falling of Chris in the Sunken Place directly correlates with the Armitages continuous cycle of black oppression through their means of privilege and power.In addition, throughout the film the Armitages portray the hindering effects of how one upbringing and experiences can influence their morality and behavior towards others. Primarily, due to the Armitages affluence and reputation they display their moral code throughout the film as they use power and privilege, to discriminate and victimize the blacks. During the middle of the film when Chris is held captive, the video that is playing on the TV explains the Armitages legacy of passing down the tradition of the Coagula. The man in the video, a Armitage family member himself, says, “’it is a procedure that not only helps us, but helps us to help you…it only gets better by the passing generations”” (Peele) The Coagula is a neurological procedure that separates brain matter and alters the psyche. The Armitages perform this unethical procedure on black people because they perceive them as socially unfit, that changing their psyche would make then more suitable to societal and white norms. This allows readers to observe how internalized moral standards and ones upbringing can dictate their morality.The Armitages do not see the flaw in what they are doing, because of the prejudice instilled in their minds. Taking the behavior into account, one can understand the consequences of societal norms in direct correlation with systemic racism.In conclusion, throughout the film, Get Out, by Jordan Peele, depicts the impact of systemic racism and privilege, both of which are ultimately consequences of moral issues. In the film, morality is challenged as the Armitages take advantage of their power and use it to victimize blacks. The victimization is a process of where they are free falling into a never ending dark void after hypnosis. The use of figurative devices helps decode further meaning in the text and understand different aspects of the overall issue. One is the recurring symbolism of the silver spoon stirred, while Chris is in the middle of his hypnosis session. The Silver Spoon is the control Mrs. Armitage has over Chris’s mind, after his hypnosis he falls into the darkness known as the Sunken Place. The metaphorical use of the Sunken Place is when the blacks entrust in the Armitages, the whites, they are sunken into the dark void where the endless fall is like the Armitages endless control over black bodies. In addition, the battling of morality is also apparent through societal norms and one’s upbringing.Much like the Armitage representing the stereotypical all American white family, their affluence and reputation causes them to act immorally as they have been raised in such a manner where blacks are seen as socially unfit and unacceptable. This portrays how Psychoanalytic behavior is directly correlated with morality. It is difficult to pinpoint what causes a society to think or act the way they do. Through the usage of figurative devices and various approaches in literature, it can help expand one’s knowledge to further understand the main issues and concepts. This can help one to better understand issues and dilemmas that partake in the real world. Through the various works of literature, the use of figurative speech helps to take on different lenses to further explore moral issues.Works CitedPeele, Jordan, director. Get Out. Universal Pictures, 2017. I'm Adrienne! Check it out
Diseases, Conditions and Treatments Trying To Beat Sleep Apnea? This Article Is For You. <param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/EpPH2sMob7U?version=3&hl=en_US&rel=0"/> </p><br /><p>The contents of the following paragraphs have a great deal of useful information you can use to combat your sleep apnea.</p><br /><p>Overweight people are more prone to suffering from sleep apnea. If you suffer from sleep apnea and are overweight, try losing a few pounds. Improving the overall health of the diet in combination with an increased level of exercise makes a simple, effective weight loss strategy. Reducing carbs in the diet may also help.</p><br /><p>If your airway is naturally narrow, a mouth guard like Good Morning Snore Solution may help with your sleep apnea. Narrow airways can be opened, jaws can be properly aligned and nasal passages can be opened up to allow more air into the lungs. More information about this mouth guard can be found at <span style="font-size:11.8181819915771px">yeointernational.com/good-morning-snore-solution/</span></p><br /><p>Excess weight also causes sleep apnea, so losing weight is a very good idea. The link between sleep apnea and obesity in its sufferers has been well-proven. If you are obese, even just losing twenty pounds can significantly improve sleep apnea symptoms.</p><br /><p>If you want to find relief from sleep apnea, pick up a wind instrument. Researchers around the world have implied that the musical instrument, the didgeridoo, can be used to make airway muscles stronger. These muscles are responsible for the strength of your airway passage and its ability to dilate. This is why playing this instrument regularly will help strengthen these muscles, and reduce snoring and sleep apnea symptoms.</p><br /><p>Make yourself wear your CPAP for four hours while you sleep, at the least. Some people have a really hard time sleeping with the device. Good health over the long term is what is important, and you need to build up the amount of time you use it until you can use it throughout the night. If you have a tough time with it, be sure you have the right size mask, and that the pressure is working right.</p><br /><p>Avoid alcohol before bed as much as possible. Your muscles get relaxed too much. Even though you may enjoy the relaxing effects, this can contribute to sleep apnea events. Alcohol has an effect on throat muscles and it can hurt your body. If you absolutely must drink, then do it in moderation and certainly not right when you're about to go to sleep.</p><br /><p>Seek out something else rather than taking sleeping pills. Much like alcohol, sleeping pills can relax your throat muscles. In addition, sleeping pills can contribute to many problems associated with sleep apnea. Consult your doctor to find a sleep aid that won't impact your breathing.</p><br /><p>If you have no one with you while you sleep, it would be hard to tell if sleep apnea is your problem. To gather evidence a physician can evaluate, record yourself sleeping through the night. Make sure that the microphone on your recording device picks up any snoring or other noises you make while sleeping, because your physician needs to hear them.</p><br /><p>A great way to reduce the possibility of having sleep apnea is to lose weight. A lot of people find that when they lose weight, they no longer have apnea. Even if you lose just a few pounds, you will notice a difference. This helps to open the airways.</p><br /><p>Of course, for a solid diagnosis of sleep apnea, you must see a doctor. Nonetheless, healthy, self-help techniques may help and won't hurt. Quitting smoking and losing weight are great for anyone, but are even better for sleep apnea patients. Additionally, it's important to refrain from consuming alcohol, large meals, or caffeine right before bedtime.</p><br /><p>If you want a way to reduce your chances of getting sleep apnea, strengthen your throat muscles. The origin of sleep apnea is obstructed air flow in breathing, which is a consequence of soft tissue collapse in the rear of your throat. If your muscles are stronger, their chances of collapsing and blocking your airways are minimized.</p><br /><p>Excessive use of alcohol or illicit drugs can also cause increased problems for those who have sleep apnea. Alcohol will relax your throat and will block your passages. You should either quit drinking. Alternatively, make sure you only have a single drink a long time before you sleep. You need to do this to ensure that drinking has no effect on your sleeping patterns.</p><br /><p>Learn to play one of the wind instruments. This will be not only fun, but it will also help strengthen your throat muscles. As you make these muscles stronger, you will see increased control and minimize apnea symptoms.</p><br /><p>If sleep apnea is causing you anxiety, soak in a bath before bedtime each night. You can relieve tension and relax your muscles by soaking in a warm bath. Sleep is likely to come easier, and you are more likely to get a solid night of rest instead of one interrupted constantly by apnea flare-ups, as a result.</p><br /><p>Be proactive in finding treatment. Not visiting a doctor will see that your sleep apnea will get worse. Don't allow your lack of sleep and snoring problems to become unbearable. Consult your physician immediately if you experience symptoms associated with sleep apnea.</p><br /><p>Making the throat muscles strong can help to reduce sleep apnea. If you wish to learn how to make your throat muscles stronger, you can do several simple and quick exercises.</p><br /><p>If you believe you might have sleep apnea, consult your doctor. You want to know what is up so you know how to go about getting better sleep. Speak to your doctor about your symptoms, and he will be able to determine the cause of your problems and develop a treatment plan that is right for you.</p><br /><p>If you don't get enough sleep then you might hurt your long-term health. Getting the proper treatment for your sleep apnea can greatly improve the quality of your life. Trying To Beat Sleep Apnea? This Article Is For You. by No votes yet. Please wait... %d bloggers like this:
2020 most popular dinner recipes top 18 dinner recipes,five star dinner recipes Why Did West Virginia Break From Virginia,West Virginia’s governor to Virginia counties: Leave your,Virginia and west virginia split\|2020-06-22 virginia and west virginia splitMore Than 1,100 Coronavirus Cases Reported Overnight In … Given these differences, many in the west had long contemplated a separate state.There are several plans to provide federal aid to workers who are unemployed due to COVID-19.1915, attempted a hunger strike as a means of protesting the vicious treatment of the women, but was soon force-fed raw eggs through a tube that had been forced down her throat.§§ 55.John Smith had built in the center of James Fort in 1608.Contact 10 On Your Side Click here for details.“The state quite honestly disgusts me,” Olden said in an interview.A lease obligates both you and your landlord for a set period of time, usually a year.After regular schools, magnet schools and charter schools were the most prevalent non-traditional schools in the country, at 6,079 and 5,986, respectively.Norm Oliver also stated in the Friday briefing that the state would likely be announcing an update to testing criteria for the virus later in the day to make the requirements for testing less restrictive on a statewide level. E-WV \| History Of West Virginia In 1829, a constitutional convention met in Richmond to consider reforms to Virginia’s outdated constitution.Its residents, meanwhile, were about toexperience a period of remarkable socioeconomic transformation brought about bythe expansion of the state’s rail lines and the rise of the coal and timberindustries.Other local tax rates apply as part of the tangible personal property tax to planes and certain other property.Even in some counties that had voted against secession, such as Wayne and Cabell, it was necessary to send in Union soldiers.Various game animals and now protected birds were raised for conservation repopulating or control reasons throughout the state.At the small rainbow trout hatchery in 1955, a yellow-mottled fingerling was noticed by Petersburg manager Vincent Evans.When tobacco was first introduced in Europe in the late 16th century, people smoked it to "fumigate their bodies and eliminate germs and disease," according to James Horn, Colonial Williamsburg’s vice president for research and historical interpretation. when did west virginia secede from virginiaWest Virginia Raises Teachers’ Pay To End Statewide Strike … As part of renovations to the facility, a world-class art facility was opened in 2008.Sources:Internal Revenue Service,Social Security Administration,state websites, local government websites,US Census Bureau 2018 American Community Survey,Avalara, American Petroleum Institute, GasBuddy, UMTRI,Federal Highway Administration.1712 – Baron Christopher de Graffenreid enters the Eastern Panhandle.Businesses also pay personal property taxes in certain cases that go beyond vehicles to include equipment, some furniture and tools.Bottom line, fuel companies determine how of the tax increase to pass on to consumers– and that led to a 10 cent per gallon tax hike last January.Gruender and William H.The mission statement of the West Virginia Board of Education reads:.But why does Virginia have an annual “car tax” that…. Why Did West Virginia Break Away From Virginia? \| ENotes The Sackvilles’ ancestral home was Knole, a sprawling estate in southern England, and Sackville-West was always frustrated that she would never be able to inherit Knole due to her gender, as English aristocratic custom forbid it.The focus should have been on celebrating our team, coaches and their achievement,” WVU said Sunday in a statement.In recent decades, most people have only had to pay the personal property tax bills on vehicles or, in certain areas, mobile homes that they own or lease, which led to the colloquial reference to the tax as the “car tax” to separate it from the real estate property taxes paid to local governments.1801 – January 8 – Jefferson county created from Berkeley county.1957 – George Howard Mitchell appointed the first black Assistant Attorney General. virginia and west virginia splitWhy Are Gas Prices So High In Pennsylvania? Soon after this, white settlers began moving into the Greater Shenandoah-Potomac Valley making up the entire eastern portion of the State.Don’t have an individual account? Sign up now.Virginians led by former Confederate General William Mahone formed a political coalition based upon this theory, the Readjuster Party.The first steps toward this change had been taken, however, by the Republicans in 1870.It typically involves taking a swab from deep in a patient’s nasal cavity to collect cells from the back of the nose.On March 24) ordering some non-essential services, including all recreation and entertainment services, to close.The following is a list of recent education bills that have been introduced in or passed by the West Virginia state legislature.About a quarter of the students in the country were Hispanic, with black students making up about 16 percent of the student population. Why Are Gas Prices So High In Pennsylvania? In 1968, the Courts again ruled Virginia had not desegregated, and more plans including busing were instituted.The native Virginia tobacco, Nicotiana rustica, grown by the Indians, had a biting taste and was not as sweet to smoke as Caribbean tobacco, according to colonists’ accounts.ABC News’ Matt Foster, Ahmad Hemingway, Josh Hoyos and J.In Northam’s weekend press conferences, he reminded restaurants, fitness centers and theaters that if they allow more than 10 customers inside a space, they can be charged with a misdemeanor and lose their operating license on the spot.Businesses violating the governor’s order can be charged with a Class 1 misdemeanor.Defense representative to Pakistan in 1971, and in 1973, the same year he was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame, he took on the role of director of aerospace safety at Norton Air Force Base in California.Check our community calendar and closings pagefor the latest cancellations and postponements. 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There is a white label that reads "remove this label" on a light blue fabric. It is meant to symbolize the labels of high low functioning autistic person with autism on the autism spectrum. Also, it is referencing the labels of disorder, mental illness, and disability as they apply to autism asperger's aspie. Disorder, Condition, or Disability: A Look at the Fables of Autism Labels About eight years ago, I got a diagnosis that saved my life. At the age of 36, after three bedridden years filled with suicidal ideation, I found out that I am autistic. A formal, six-week evaluation confirmed that I was indeed, as many had long suspected, ‘different.’ Just like most folks do when they get a new diagnosis, I went into research mode. I knew I needed to educate myself about this new word in my life and I wanted to know everything I could about it. Finally, ‘different’ had a name, autism, and with this new label, an overwhelming sense of belonging flooded my life…or so I thought. After months of reading all that I could find on autism and the experience of being autistic, I felt confident in my knowledge and understanding of it. By confident, I mean I had read and memorized the most current knowledge available about autism and had explored the varied opinions on the topic from the ‘experts.’ So much so, that I myself had become an expert with certifications in both autism and cognitive disorders. Thus, I know that when asked what autism is, meaning how is it categorized, the shortest response is always that it is a ‘neurodevelopmental disorder,’ but many would disagree, and rightfully so. To begin, many would argue with the word disorder. Recent statistics from the CDC tell us that autism affects 1 in 59 children. With the knowledge that autism is a lifelong condition, we can only just begin to understand the actual number of people for whom autism is a reality. With so many unaccounted for due to lack of supports, financial constraints, and language barriers, we can only assume that the actual number is even larger. At what point does it stop being a ‘disorder’ or a ‘condition,’ and simply become another way of being human? How much of the population has must be diagnosed as autistic for the label ‘disorder’ to become the incorrect term? Moreover, since so many do not feel disordered by their autism, the label is inaccurate and perpetuates the stigma that autistic people are somehow broken. For many, the alternative to autism being called a ‘disorder’ is to label it a ‘mental health condition,’ which doesn’t work any better. When we think of mental illness, we must remember that it is a human condition. Meaning, ALL brains have the capacity to develop a mental illness, autistic or not. The categories for mental illness include mood disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, psychotic disorders, eating disorders, trauma-related disorders, and substance abuse disorders. While many autistics suffer from one, or many, of these co-occurring mental illnesses, autism is not one of them. Linked to genetics and neural connectivity, autism’s cause clearly lies in biology, not psychology. And yet, with so much of the ‘symptomology’ of autism mimicking challenges commonly categorized as psycho-social behaviors, it is easy to see why the ‘mental health condition’ label gets used. As if those two labels weren’t enough of a burden, a diagnosis of autism brings with it another label, ‘disabled.’ Use of the word disabled in reference to autism is in many ways on point. Afterall, the hallmarks of being autistic are in direct opposition to the ‘rules’ of the society in which we live. Our struggles with ‘social communication,’ our unique needs and habits, and our need for truth and honesty defy the codes of our current behavioral climate. In a world that values sameness, our very ‘difference’ is disabling. Still, most of us will tell you that we don’t feel disabled when our needs are met, but instead we mostly feel disabled by the society we live in. When allowed to live as our authentic selves, the label ‘disabled’ feels incongruous. Even within autism itself, the labels have been perpetuated. Thrown around like insignificant adjectives are terms like ‘high-functioning’ and ‘nonverbal,’ though they do not at all describe the autistic experience. Having been called ‘high-functioning’ myself, it’s inexactitude is as infuriating as it is damaging. While I might be ‘high-functioning’ on one day, the very next could find me having high support needs. Functioning can change on a moment-to-moment basis. Moreover, not all of us have visible, external challenges. Just because you cannot see the internal struggles, doesn’t mean that they do not impact functioning. A similar case can be made for use of the term ‘nonverbal.’ Again, many folks who are ‘nonspeaking,’ selectively or situationally mute, or who use a device to communicate still have verbal cognizance. They are simply, even if temporarily, unable to use their mouth and voice to form words. It doesn’t mean that they do not have the ability to listen and comprehend. Prior to my autism diagnosis, I hadn’t given labels, or their fables, much thought. They were just another way to categorize one’s observations. But once a label was put upon me, and I had to live with all the stigma that came with it, labels, and their accuracy, became incredibly important to me. Afterall, I use some of these labels to describe myself. The ones I choose to use reflect not only how I see myself, but how I want the world to see me. Years ago, I would have declared unabashedly that autism is a ‘neurodevelopmental disorder,’ but all these labels later, and I know it’s not that simple. Yes, autism is neurodevelopmental, but it also plays a role in my mental health. Sure, there are some days when autism is disabling and some days when it renders me mute. And, of course, days when only I know I am struggling and days when I need all the help that I can get. This fluctuating dichotomy is too unpredictable, too complex, and too human to be rigidly defined by one single term, leaving us drowning in the fables our labels create. 1. Your post really spoke to me. I was diagosed a little over two years ago at the age of 43. I travel a lot (other than now during the pandemic) so I ask for an accomodation from Air Canada. I ask to preboard. I usually volunteer the fact that I am autistic. I don’t know if the airline considers it a disability or not. I’ve struggled with anxiety and depression my entire adult life, so I probably consider my autism as the source of my mental health problems, though not one itself. 1. Author Invisible disabilities are tough to travel with. I struggle the same way. I used to tell them but now I just dare them to ask. They often think I am Active Military rather than disabled lol Thank you for reading, 2. However, isn’t every mental condition based in biology? Like schizophrenia has a different wiring and bipolar as well? Like theres significant amount of grey matter especially in schizophrenic patients after a post mortem study. And definitely trauma change is wiring of the brain as well, especially from when a child is early on. And NO, I don’t think I’m disabled by society because I will need it in order to achieve my goals. I really want to work as a film director, screen writer and actor in an order to do that I will need great social skills, which has kind of impaired me in the past and I will need to talk, unlike other jobs where you don’t need to talk. And frankly, I am glad that I am in the society I am in now because I would rather function in the Neurotypical society (it’s not like I need accommodations anyway) and work on my anxiety which intersect with OTHER issues to benefit from that and thrive from my work! Talk to us... what are you thinking?
ACS 713 / 723 current sensor experiment In spite of some efforts, it’s still difficult to get a stable current measurement. As a reminder, on the prototype, the power is 25W with a ~18V voltage, that is around 1.5A. I conducted a tiny experiment to see in how many “steps” I can divide the current into. I’m using an Allegro ACS for current measurement. The ACS is a hall effect device outputing a voltage proportional to the current, that can be fed to an ADC. It can measure current both ways, thus the output is centered around some middle value corresponding to 0A and can go up or down around this middle value, depending on the direction it is wired. Unfortunately, the comparison isn’t fair, because all things aren’t equal: on one hand, this is a low side circuit (close to the ⊖ power pin), with a negative coefficient, that is the bigger the current, the lower the sample value. And this is an ACS 713. On the other hand, I have an ACS 723, high-side mounted, with a positive coefficient. 20W resistor used Anyway, here are the results: I’ve produced a current of 0.7A, 1.4A and 2.8A, under 18V, using resistors connected appropriately (quite beefy, since we’re talking 20W here). Each time, I take about 100 points, oversampling by averaging 256 measures. The ADC is 12 bits width, so values could be in the range 0-4095. I then plot the number of times each point has been output from the measurement, thus getting a picture of the spread of the measurement, for what is supposed to be the same current. ACS 713 The reading is as follow: for 0.7A, the value 2320 was reported 12 times, the value 2339 11 times, 2340 9 times, and so on. With the ACS 713 low-side, negative coef., the first thing we notice is that the data form two “spikes” for reasons unknown to me. For a given current,the ADC output is spread on about 50 values, more than the separation between 0.7A et 1.4A (about 25), thus we barely can discriminate with a 1A step, much too coarse for the 25W prototype. Things are much more useful with the A 723 high side positive coefficient version. The two-spikes effect is much less visible. data are gathered in a 50 range, but the separation between 0.7A and 1.4A is more than 250, thus a 0.2A precision isn’t unreasonable.
Body temperature and the thermoregulatory centre Greg Foot explains the role of the hormone ADH on the permeability of the kidney tubules - regulating the water levels in the body The conditions inside our body must be carefully controlled if it is to function effectively. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment in the body. The nervous system and hormones are responsible for controlling this. The body control systems are all automatic, and involve both nervous and chemical responses. It has many important parts, including: • Receptors detect a stimulus, which is a change in the environment, such as temperature change. • Coordination centres in the brain, spinal cord and pancreas. They receive information from the receptors, process the information and instigate a response. • Effectors, such as muscles or glands create the response. Glands often release a hormone, which would restore the optimum condition again. Body temperature Body temperature is one of the factors that are controlled during homeostasis. The human body maintains the temperature that enzymes work best, which is around 37°C. This process is controlled by the thermoregulatory centre, which is contained in the hypothalamus in the brain, and it contains receptors sensitive to the temperature of the blood. The skin also has temperature receptors and sends nervous impulses back to the thermoregulatory centre. Too hot When we get too hot: • Sweat glands in the skin release more sweat. The sweat evaporates, transferring heat energy from the skin to the environment. Blood vessels leading to the skin capillaries become wider - they dilate - allowing more blood to flow through the skin, and more heat to be lost to the environment. This is called vasodilation. Too cold When we get too cold: • Skeletal muscles contract rapidly and we shiver. These contractions need energy from respiration, and some of this is released as heat. Blood vessels, which lead to the skin capillaries, become narrower - they constrict – which allows less blood to flow through the skin and conserve the core body temperature. This is called vasoconstriction. The hairs on the skin also help to control body temperature. The hairs lie flat when we are warm, and rise when we are cold. If we are too cold nerve impulses are sent to the hair erector muscles which contract. This raises the skin hairs and traps a layer of insulating air next to the skin. Skin hairs lie flat when we are hot and stand upright when we are cold The control of body temperature is an example of a negative feedback mechanism. It regulates the amount of: • shivering (rapid muscle contractions release heat) • sweating (evaporation of water in sweat causes cooling) • blood flowing in the skin capillaries Negative feedback mechanism controlling body temperatureNegative feedback in temperature regulation Vasoconstriction and vasodilation The amount of blood flowing through the skin capillaries is altered by vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Too coldToo hot ArteriolesGet narrowerGet wider Blood flow in skin capillariesDecreasesIncreases Heat loss from skinDecreasesIncreases These diagrams show the processes that take place when vasoconstriction and vasodilation occur. Vasoconstriction – a response to being too cold Generally when the body temperature is too low a variety of processes happen: vasoconstriction, sweating stops and shivering starts.
Two London-based artists explore the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in new perspectives, including in the context of climate change and racism, with their digital artwork. The End Of The World, by Es Devlin and Machiko Weston, reflects on the impact of the events from the points of view of the British artist and Japanese designer. The 10-minute video includes script from letters written by Albert Einstein and J Robert Oppenheimer during the Second World War, as well as first-hand testimonies from the survivors of the bombings. The United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities on August 6 and 9, 1945. Hiroshima 75th Anniversary Es Devlin, left, and Machiko Weston (Yui Mok/PA) The two bombings killed more than 100,000 people instantly, most of whom were civilians, and caused thousands more to die of their injuries or the after-effects of radiation. The text in the artwork, half of which is read by Ms Devlin in English, also traces the origin of the atomic bomb in HG Wells’s book The World Set Free, written in 1914. Through these letters, award-winning stage designer Ms Devlin, who has worked with Beyonce and Kanye West, said the artwork reflects the “hubris of humanity” and a contemporary audience would find comparisons in climate change and racism. Hiroshima 75th Anniversary One of five casings made for the ‘Little Boy’ atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima, at the Imperial War Museum London (Yui Mok/PA) In the video, Ms Devlin reads a letter by American psychiatrist Robert Jay Lifton in which he described nuclear weapons and climate as “apocalyptic twins” because the two threats “can destroy the human species”. Ms Devlin said the letters by then US president Harry Truman showed how the life of Japan was treated as that of the “other”. She told PA news agency: “It (the bombings) were not a racist act, but we do think it’s a perspective that hasn’t been explored.” Ms Weston added: “I think one of the big reasons why this event (the Hiroshima bombing) happened was the people who made the decision somehow did not manage to see the people on the other side. “This work brings those two things together. The key in so much of life is seeing through the eyes of others.” Japan surrendered on August 15 1945, bringing an end to the Second World War. The digital artwork has been commissioned by the Imperial War Museum London (IWM) to mark the 75th anniversary of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki this week. To watch the video, visit the IWM’s website.
Applying International Trade Concepts Simulation and Economics Applying International Trade Concepts simulation and Economics Before one can describe the influences that affect foreign exchange rates one must understand what a foreign exchange rate is and the mechanisms nations use to establish their exchanges rates for their currencies. According to the encyclopedia of business, a foreign exchange rate or international exchange rate is the price of one country’s currency in terms of another’s. Exchange rates are determined by the supply and demand for currencies, many of which are traded on foreign exchange markets (Reference for Business, 2011). It is imperative to manage the risk of adverse currency fluctuations in the world market to remain competitive in the business world, because the exchange rate is the world’s largest market. The three main mechanisms nations use to establish exchange rates for the nations currencies are the gold standard, which is measured in units of gold; pegged rates, which is the government denominating their currencies into units into whatever the strongest currencies are at the time, usually the US dollar; and free floating rates, which are set by free market forces. The gold standard has not really been used since the 1970s, so the exchange rate market mechanism today is driven by the pegged rates and free market forces. The floating rate is the most commonly used by the world’s largest economies, such as Europe, US, and Asia. After defining exchange rates and the mechanisms used to establish the exchange rates in the global market one can describe the influences that affect foreign exchange rates. Several negative and positive factors influence the exchange rates, most of which are market influences. Such market influences are relative rates of inflation, comparative interest rates, growth of domestic money supply, economic growth (GDP), government policy and political stability, and central bank intervention (Reference for Business, 2011) . One of the main influences that affect...
Biography of Nefertiti Nefertiti meaning the beauty has come, was one of the best known queens of Ancient Egypt. She was considered to be the most beautiful woman of the ancient world. Nefertiti was born in 1370 BC and was the wife of Akhenaten, a Pharaoh where she became queen in the Eighteenth Egyptian Dynasty. Archeologists believe she may have been a foreign princess from northern Iraq or may have been the daughter of the previous Pharaoh, Amenhotep III and his chief wife, Queen Tiy, which means Akhenaten was not the son of Amenhotep III therefore, Nefertiti married her brother or half-brother as was custom in Ancient Egypt. Queen Nefertiti joined Akhenaten in reigning and initiated a new religion. She was very experienced in politics and was highly practiced in the skill of persuasion. The new religion celebrated the power of the sun-disk Aten where they began to promote the worship of one god above all others, although, only Nefertiti and Akhenaten were allowed to directly worship the Aten. They lived during a time of religious controversy when the traditional gods of Egypt were abandoned by the royal family. She played a big part by converting the people from a polytheistic religion to a monotheistic religion which is one of her greatest accomplishments. Nefertiti had almost as much influence as her husband. He announced her as a joint ruler and caused all her orders executed where she then destroyed temples and persecuted priests of old religion. Together they had 6 daughters but later, Akhenaten decided for another wife, Kiya and had a son, Tutankhamun to take over the throne. Kiya later died, therefore, Nefertiti was left to raise Tut who then married Ankhesanamum, Nefertiti’s daughter. She arranged this to ensure that she would have considerable influence with the new Pharaoh. Nefertiti is known for appearing in Egyptian art and most importantly, the bust discovered in 1912 in Amarna
9 hours 29 minutes Video Transcription We'll continue our conversation on data encryption in this video and see how to apply it to the different service model paradigms I as pass and SAS. When using, I asked model there two major options for encrypting the volumes of your virtual servers. These air the virtual hard drives were talking about. There's the instance managed encryption. This is where the encryption engine runs inside the instance itself. An example of this is the Lennox Unified key. Set up the issue with instance. Managed encryption is that the key itself is stored on the instance and protected with a pass phrase. In other words, you could have a powerful encryption algorithm like A S to 56. But that key is secured with a pass phrase that's highly simplistic, like a 123 or even past phrase. So when you take this approach, be sure to understand how safe the past phrases are from brute force hacking. Alternatively, there's externally managed encryption keys. In this approach, the encryption keys are managed externally, and a key to unlock the data is issued to the instance on Request. Azar's disk encryption stores three keys on a key vault, which itself is a service built using Phipps validated hardware security modules. When the instances started, it retrieves a copy of the key and holds that in memory. If the instances powered down or somebody takes a snapshot of the disc of that instance, the key itself is not included. Keep in mind, the object and file storage scenario is set up in such a way that the storage itself is not directly bound to any particular compute machine. It's kind of like a shared network storage location to handle encryption of data in that storage module. There are a few options client side encryption. In this case, data is encrypted using an encryption engine embedded in the application or the client. With this approach, you are in control of the encryption keys used by the application to encrypt the data before it is persisted to the storage account. Proxy encryption is kind of like, ah, hybrid storage gateway. This approach can work well with object and file storage in a nice environment, as the provider is not required to access your data in order to deliver services. In this scenario, the proxy intercepts data flowing through the network handles all cryptography operations. The encryption keys may be held within the proxy appliance or by an external key management service. Finally, service side encryption is supplied by the Cloud Service provider. They have access to the encryption keys, and they run the encryption engine themselves. Although this is the easiest way to encrypt data, this approach requires the highest level of trust in a provider. If the provider holds the encryption keys, they may be forced or using legal terms. They may be compelled by a government agency to un encrypt and supply your data that is residing on the storage accounts. Unlike I, as where there are a few dominant players, there are numerous past providers, all with different options for data encryption, the C S. A guidance calls out three areas where encryption could be used in a pass environment start out at the application layer. With this approach, the encryption is performed within the application itself and that encrypted data goes to the platform service. Past database offerings generally provide a built in encryption capabilities that are supported by the data base platform. Examples of common encryption capabilities include transparent data encryption, which encrypts the entire database and field level encryption, which encrypts Onley sensitive portions of the database. One thing to keep amount about transparent data encryption is that the data at rest is encrypted. But the data loaded in memory in the database itself is not encrypted. So if somebody gains access to the database itself, establishes a connection, starts running some sort of queries against the data, the data returned will not be encrypted. And finally, there's the other bucket where the encryption gets integrated into the past. Service by the platform provider. The specific approaches on this very, quite dramatically certain past services give you the capability for customer managed keys, and we'll talk more about customer manage keys. But you essentially give the key that's used for the encryption. But at the same time, there are many others where the providers past service assumes that the encryption itself and the keys for that encryption need to be managed by the provider. In the Sadd's model, you have two major options. You can rely on your provider's supported encryption, or you can use 1/3 party encryption proxy that sits is a man in the middle, and it intercepts the network traffic coming from the client and going to the SAS provider to support provider managed encryption. Many see SPS implement per customer keys. This improves the enforcement of multi tenant isolation. Every tenants data is encrypted using a different key. So even if somebody breaks the 10 and isolation, they still need to get the key of that tenant to make any sense of the persistent data that they've been able to obtain, says encryption proxies being introduced new security concerns because it needs to decrypt the encrypted network traffic and sits between the client and the cloud provider. This may also break application functionality, since data going to the provider is already encrypted. However, there are limited use cases for applying this strategy. Customers often and choose encryption supplied by the provider for many reasons. For example, using the a proxy approach, the SAS provider may not be able to process the encrypted data that is handed to them. So let's quiz a little bit about encryption or maybe even reach back a little bit further, which is the primary mechanism to protect data encryption, logging, access, controls, data, sovereignty, loss. So I know we've been talking about encryption in this video, but I wanted to squeeze in this quiz question just to make sure you didn't get too fixated on encryption because it does have its own vulnerabilities. Access controls. Keep in mind this is where things start. This is your primary method to protect data from there. If you can also encrypt the data when is at rest. And of course, when it is in transit, that's additional things that you can do. Logging is also great for security, but it is not the answer. C Access controls is the answer data. Sovereignty laws really aren't going to protect your data. They're going to create constraints as to how you can use the data and where the data could be physically located. In this video, we went over different methods to deal with encryption based on the different service model I as Pass and SAS Up Next This course prepares you to take the CCSK certification by covering material included in the exam. It explains how the exam can be taken and how CCSK certification process works. Instructed By Instructor Profile Image James Leone Cloud, IoT & DevSecOps at Abbott
Green Goodness The Misconception About Protein: What Nutrient Should We Really Be Worried About? Updated: Jan 14, 2019 When I became vegan I never anticipated I would be asked one question more times than I can count. If you're vegan I'm sure you can already guess which question I'm referring to... "Where do you get your protein from?" The whole idea of protein has grown in popularity especially with new diet trends such as the Keto, Atkins, Paleo and other variations of a low carb, high fat diet. We've always been told that meat is high in protein so we tend to associate protein with animal meats. So when someone hears that you're going vegan or are vegan already they wonder how you'll survive without eating in their eyes the main source of protein. The interesting part is most people don't even know how much protein you need or how much protein a typical person eats in a day. Do you know how much protein you should be getting? If you know the answer to this one kudos! Because I had no idea what the answer was. Drum roll please... The answer is... 46-56 grams per day This number will vary depending on your weight and you can calculate your specific number by multiplying 0.36 grams per pound. For example someone that weighs 150 lbs will require 54 grams of protein in a day. 1 out of every 10 calories we intake needs to come from protein. Don't let the numbers scare you. Yes, it's nice to know but protein is in everything and yes plants have all the amino acids required to build a complete protein. In fact, soybeans itself is considered a "protein powerhouse" because it contains all the amino acids and it has the most plant based protein a human can consume! Now that we know how much protein we need the question now becomes how much protein are we already getting in a day? These numbers may surprise you: • Vegans on average get 70% more protein than is needed in a day! That's around 75 grams only slightly below meat-eaters. • Meat-eaters on average are getting almost 80 grams a day. • Health Canada published in 2012 that 99-100% of adults met the protein requirement. This is great news! And everyone was worried ;D As a society we shouldn't be worried about protein but instead we should be focusing on nutrients that we are lacking in. Let's take a look at one of the nutrients most are not getting enough of fiber. According to the American Heart Association the recommended daily amount of dietary fiber is 25 grams per day for a 2,000 calorie diet. This number will range depending on age, gender and calorie intake. Men under 50 years old should be eating 30 to 38 grams per day and women between 21 to 25 grams per day. Let's take a look at how much fiber people are getting in a day: • The average adult is getting only 16 grams per day. • Less than 3% of Americans are getting the daily recommended amount. On the other hand vegans are getting: • An average of 46 grams per day. • That's almost triple what the average adult gets. Why are vegans getting more fiber than meat-eaters? The answer is quite simple actually because fiber is only found in whole plant based foods. So it's no wonder that people who mostly eat animal foods will lack this nutrient and vegans who solely eat plant based foods will be getting plenty of fiber. Why is fiber so important? There are a lot of health benefits from eating fiber such as: • Improves digestive health • Lowers cholesterol levels • Reduces blood glucose levels • Maintaining a healthy weight Key takeaway is that if you're eating a well balanced meal full of whole grains and whole plant foods you don't have to worry about getting enough protein or fiber. Every nutrient we need to survive is in plants (except B12, read more about vitamins on my blog post: Stay Energized With These Essential Vegan Supplements). So the next time someone asks you where you get your protein the real question should be to them: "Where do you get your fiber?" If you don't think you're getting enough fiber below is a list of high fibrous foods: Beans (all kinds), peas, chickpeas, black-eyed peas, artichoke, whole wheat flour, barley, bulgar, bran, raspberries, blackberries, prunes, lettuce, dark leafy greens, broccoli, okra, cauliflower, sweet potatoes, carrots, pumpkin, potatoes with the skin, corn, snap beans, asparagus, cabbage, whole wheat pasta, oats, popcorn, nuts, raisins, pears, strawberries, oranges, bananas, blueberries, mangoes, apples, just to name a few ;-) One last thing. Below is a video that I came across during my research for this article. Dr. Michael Greger is very knowledgeable and gets all his data from research. This video pretty much sums up what I just covered. Enjoy! Share your creations with us we'd love to see them! Use #hellaphatvegan • Instagram • YouTube • Facebook • Pinterest © 2020 by Hella Phat Vegan • Instagram • YouTube • Facebook • Pinterest HPV Logo_White
At home attention 312 405 6986 The sports training means from the medical- biological point of view, an adaptation or a detectable change at the physical condition (for example, improves the resistance, the mobility, the power, the recovery, the nervousness , etc.) at the metabolic level (, for example more tolerance for the acidity), or at a morphologic level (for example, muscular hypertropia). In the technical-coordinative aspect adaptations are produced at the central nervous and cognoscitive system (brain, nervous fibers, spine medulla). Both aspects are complemented with psychic adaptations. (Groser, 1991) For the physiologists the effort like Astrand, sports training implies to expose the organism to a load or tension of work of intensity, duration and enough frequency to produce an effect of comparable training and measurable, meaning an improvement of the functions for which it is being trained. With the purpose of accomplishing that training effect, it is necessary to expose the organism to an overload o higher tension than the one found regularly during his day to day life. In general terms, it is evident that being subdued to a training tension is associated with some catabolic processes, like the molecular division of the fuel kept and other cell components, followed by an excessive reaction or anabolic, that originates an augmentation of the molecule deposition that moved or degraded during the time when the individual was exposed to a load of training (Astrand, 1986). The training produces an energy mobilization of the materials in reserve. The possibility of augmentation of reserves and with it simultaneously the morphological adaptation, functional and biological, have united in two fundamental laws, which have been summarized by Roux von Nocker (Pérez en Miethe, 1981). The intravenous administration of therapies that include high doses of Vitamin C + components or B + components + minerals like Magnesium + Amino acids, are fundamental to energize the sportsperson, acting mainly in the kidney and the muscle, that are sources where all the energy is accumulated needed for a good sporting performance. Healing of normal tissues. Ovary Cancer and Vitamin C Absorbate Orthomolecular Detox Vitamin C Vitamin C and Sinusitis To request an appointment, please fill out the following form. We will be in contact with the dates and dates of appointments. We look forward to your presence!
Grid: More bytes for science “What is there in common between the fight against avian flu, the development of drugs against malaria, the quest to understand the first instants of the Universe and research on climate change? All these topics require a huge amount of computer power and data storage capacity that can be satisfied with the Grid. In the last week of September, over 500 scientists and software engineers from Europe and around the world met in Geneva for a conference devoted to the Enabling Grids for E-sciencE (EGEE) project, the global Grid computing infrastructure project led by CERN, which is changing the way science is done. One example that the experts assembled in Geneva discussed is how Grid computing is helping in the battle against avian flu and other diseases. During the month of April, the Grid was used in the fight against the lethal H5N1 avian flu virus. Thanks to the Grid infrastructure of the EGEE project, six laboratories in Europe and Asia analysed 300 000 chemical compounds in search of potential drugs for treating the disease. This research, which involved 2000 computers linked together around the globe, in part thanks to software developed at CERN, helped to identify the most likely compounds able to inhibit the enzyme N1 that is part of the virus. In one month, the collaboration achieved the equivalent of 100 years processing on a single computer. ” Source: CERN
Skip to content • Open • Free general admission In 1925 this small Citroën made history by being the first car to travel around Australia. Now a part of the National Museum of Australia's collection, the car received specialist attention from conservators and remains in full working order. 1923 Citroën tourer 01:35 Amazing journey Front view of yellow and black Citroen car. - click to view larger image The Citroën 5CV was mostly produced in bright yellow Today, a trip around Australia is considered a major undertaking. In 1925 it was considered amazing and the Citroën's feat was one of a series of long distance car trips which made news headlines. The Citroën is a 1923 5CV model. Its owner and driver was Nevill Westwood, a 22-year-old Seventh Day Adventist missionary. Nevill bought the car secondhand in Perth. It had already travelled 48,000 kilometres. Nevill left Perth with Greg L Davies in the Citroën on 4 August 1925. Their adventures included passing the burnt wreckage of a car abandoned by adventurer Francis Birtles on an earlier trip to the Northern Territory. Along the way punctured tyres were filled with grass and cowhide and the car was carried across the Fitzroy River by local Aboriginal people. Davies quit the car at Albury on the New South Wales and Victoria border. Westwood went on to Melbourne and Adelaide. He returned to Perth, escorted by a welcoming convoy of motorists on 30 December 1925. Caring for the car At the journey's end Nevill put the Citroën into storage while he continued travelling on church business. His brother sold the car in 1926 but when Nevill returned he bought the car back, recognising its significance to Australian motoring history. The Citroën remained with Nevill until his death in 1969, after which the car passed to his son Ron. The Citroën's adventures and the passing of time took its toll on the car. In 1975 Ron began a year-long restoration project. He collected spare parts and commissioned work by a West Australian firm. The car's chassis and body were largely retained, with some repair to the rear panels, doors and hood. The engine block was discarded and the engine rebuilt, with some original parts re-used and the original radiator maintained. Yellow Citroen car with black hood. 1923 5CV Citroën New home for the Citroën Ron hoped to re-run his father's trip in 2000 for the 75th anniversary, but this did not eventuate. In 2000 the car underwent a second modest reconditioning. The National Museum acquired the Citroën from Ron Westwood in 2005. Museum conservators have worked to retain its form and function, including the 1975 restoration work which is now part of its history. The Citroën's chassis and body work suffered extensive chloride corrosion after 1975, requiring treatment and partial restoration. Conservator Ainslie Greiner looks under the Citroen's engine cover. Conservator Ainslie Greiner inspects the Citroën's overhauled engine Conservation overhaul Over a year, the National Museum's conservators and expert contractors completely disassembled all components of the body, chassis, engine and transmission. Conservation treatment has generally involved removal of chloride corrosion, and the chemical stabilisation of the chassis and body components. The chassis was repainted, while the body retains the form of the 1970s restoration period. The engine and transmission were also meticulously treated and reconditioned to functional condition. Rear view of Citroen car, showing conservators leaning into front, on either side. Conservators work on the Citroën's engine 5CV or 'little lemon' The 5CV marked the start of popular motoring in Europe. Cheap to run and simple to handle, it was a huge success. Andre Citroen studied the production techniques of Henry Ford after World War One and was intent on developing a cheap and reliable car. Introduced at the 1921 Paris Motor Show, it was produced for four years, first in a two-seater open tourer version, mostly painted bright yellow. It was known as the 'petit citron', which translates to 'little lemon'. It was also produced as a convertible and a three-seater open tourer, the favoured 'clover-leaf' model of 1924. The first Citroën was imported to Australia in 1919–20. In our collection 1923 5CV 'Type C' torpedo' Citroen motor car, driven around Australia by Nevill Westwood in 19251923 Citroen 5CV 'Type C 'torpedo'. The car is a right-hand drive two-seat boat-tail roadster, which is painted bright yellow, with black mudguards and black metal disc wheels. The collapsible black canvas roof is on a black metal frame and it has a small oval window in the back. The spare wheel is mounted vertically on the righ... Return to Top
Seleziona una pagina Just one of this kind of worries is writing the comparison essay. If you are wanting to know how to start out a review and contrast essay or just want to know how to generate a person well, you to start with need to have an understanding of its goal. A evaluate and distinction essay is an tutorial paper that is applied for analyzing two various topics to ascertain their variations and similarities. In a compare and contrast essay, pupils ought to consider critically and to look at subjects from various perspectives. These types of papers can be comparative in which they display similarities in between subjects. They can also only have to have students to contrast. In this paper, it is ideal to use easily comparable subjects. This is so you do not have to get the job done also hard to locate the similarities and discrepancies in between the two matters. Below, you will discover strategies to start composing your faculty-level examine and contrast essay. Steps In Writing A Look at And Distinction Essay. 1. Decide on the Subject matter of Your Textual content. Before you start composing your compare and distinction essay, you need to have to choose a matter that can showcase your crafting and analytical expertise. superbpaper For that reason, consider to pick subject areas that are effortless to evaluate. 2. • How should you review key points • The actual number of lines happens to be an essay • How will you set up a 500 word essay • What is the instance of essay • Just what fairly short essay recognized as • What is considered an essay and just how do you create it Which are the your five key points Assume of Your Text’s Structure. You need to decide how a lot of paragraphs your essay will have. This depends mostly on the length of your textual content. The amount of ideas have been in a short essay If you are heading to create about 4000 phrases, you have to have to create lots of paragraphs. Nevertheless, if the textual content is going to be quick, you really don’t will need that lots of paragraphs in it. Your framework can vary greatly. The conventional construction is to involve an introduction, a paragraph about a single subject matter, a paragraph about a different topic, and a summary paragraph. Alternatively, you could get started with an introduction, then compose a paragraph that discusses the similarities involving the two topics, then a paragraph that explores the distinctions in between the two topics, and then ultimately finish with a conclusion. Is there a sort of essay Although essay organizing, you can freely modify this structure. 3. A Assess and Distinction Essay Introduction. You must commence your look at and distinction essay with a powerful introduction that catches the readers’ notice and obviously introduces your matter. When starting up a evaluate and contrast essay, it is fantastic to start off with a problem you will remedy in your do the job and/or a actuality that will draw in your audience. 4. Be Resourceful. Try to be as initial as feasible in your operate. For example, do not write “I’ll tell you about this and this in my perform”. As a substitute, pique your reader’s interest by inquiring two thoughts on each and every subject matter: “What draws people to travel? Why do some people like not to travel?”You can also use this in your thesis assertion in your introduction. 5. Add Some Details or Humor. In the introduction, you ought to supply a typical define of your assess and contrast essay. This offers your readers a whole comprehension of the subject matter you are creating about. It is also a fantastic notion to give a quick historical overview, to start off with a tale or a joke, or to use a provocative statement in your introduction. Need to publish an essay?A assess and contrast essay is regularly assigned in college and higher university. In this paper, you glance at two or additional various suggestions and examine them. Let’s appear at how to begin look at-and-distinction essays. 6. Physique Paragraphs. Before you start off your look at and contrast essays, do investigation on your matter to become additional proficient about your creating topic. Although exploring, you need to have to achieve a extensive comprehension of your matters. A fantastic strategy to use is to make two lists for the subjects and then produce down the details in the accurate groups. This graphic organizer will allow for you to evidently see the similarities and variances in between the two points you are comparing.
by Jean Ann Berkenpas Isis Hiroe soaking in the hot springs in April 2019. / PHOTOS COURTESY MIWA HIROE, ART CARSON, RENE NUNWEILER & McKIRDY FAMILY In the early 1900s, pioneers of the Valemount area Fulton McKirdy and his son Angus, stopped at the Canoe River hot springs to wash up on the way home from their trapline for Christmas. A bit less than a century later his 10-year-old great-great granddaughter, Isis Hiroe, heads there for a soak on a springtime family outing. Over the course of five generations the landscape has changed, but that little stream of hot water still gushes from the earth. Isis is the fifth generation descendant of Fulton McKirdy, who is described as “one of the most colorful and energetic pioneers of this valley,” by the Valemount and Area Museum. According to their records, he prospected along the Canoe, Swift Current and Fraser Rivers in 1899. The local history book “The Yellowhead Pass and Its People” says that “McKirdy staked his homestead in 1907 in the township of Cranberry Lake” which later became the Village of Valemount. Isis’ grandmother, Catherine Hiroe, recalls her childhood trips to the hot springs with her father Jim McKirdy, grandfather Fulton McKirdy, siblings, and cousins. A trip to the hotsprings was a rare all-day adventure into a magical landscape that was so different from their everyday experience on the farm. She and her sisters recall the great ancient cedar trees, giant devil’s club and the lush plant life of the old growth forest. To access the springs they would drive a gravel road to mile 18 on the east side of the Canoe River, then ferry across the river by canoe. There was no reservoir of water at the time, since the area was not logged, dammed and flooded until the completion of the Mica Dam in 1973. She remembers her grandfather Fulton paddling the canoe, despite the fact that it was outfitted with a motor. In his old age, he was living in his most familiar way. Her dad Jim would cut the motor and paddle with him, heading downriver to the springs. View towards the hot springs from the Lebans camp, shortly before the valley was flooded. “Us children would be free to walk the trail at our own pace, since it was easy to follow. The giant devil’s club on either side prevented us from going off of the trail. The bridges over creeks and wet spots were made of hollow pieces of rotted cedar,” recalls Hiroe. “It was so different from our everyday world. It felt magical, like we were little hobbits on an adventure”. The hot water was also a treat, since without heated running water, baths were a lot of work. At home the family would bathe twice a week using the same water, starting with the youngest first. The hot spring, Hiroe recalls, was clear and clean with no odour. They would soak in a big man-made cedar tub, with gravel on the bottom that had been packed up from the river by local trappers. There was a trapper’s cabin nearby belonging to Oswald Svenson, and a small lake that was good for fishing rainbow trout. Originally there were three tubs, but by the 1960s only one was usable. When they arrived they would scoop green algae from the surface water. There were two streams, one each of hot and cold, flowing into the tub. They would adjust the water intakes to make it a comfortable temperature. It was always much too hot, Hiroe recalls. These rare outings would be on a Sunday, after morning chores. In 1970, before the completion of the Mica Dam, Hiroe did a winter snowshoe trip there. The valley had been logged by then, but not flooded. With her was her dad Jim McKirdy, brother Walt, cousin Brian McKirdy, and also Gordon Carson. She was 17 years old at the time, and says that she was poorly dressed for the -30 degree Celsius temperatures. She remembers being extremely cold. “Steam was visible coming up from the ground in different places, and there were icicles hanging from the cedar branches” she remembers. “We had only one match between all of us, probably my brother Walt’s since he was a smoker,” she said. “Dad lit the fire though! He was not going to leave that chance to any of us.” 3-year-old Mirai takes in the natural hot springs south of Valemount that have been enjoyed by her family for 100 years. Art Carson worked at a logging camp down the Canoe River in 1969. The camp was run by Ralph Lebans, incidentally also a relative of Isis. Carson recalls heading to the springs “across our logging bridge and old skid trails using Bill Holmin’s old Scout 4×4 to soak in the hot springs on winter weekends.” According to Carson, there are three main hot spots in the area, but they primarily used the tub near Svenson’s cabin and the little lake. In the August of 1972 Carson did a trip back into the area. “My own last canoe trip from the present lakehead to the site of Lebans’ camp was a strange one. Forest removal on a massive scale was going on all the way,” said Carson. The area was to be massively changed by the filling of the Mica reservoir, with the remnants of the logged forests and the hot springs being submerged beneath Kinbasket Lake. After 1973 the hot springs became only accessible when the reservoir level was low enough to expose the spring. Road access on the west side of the valley allows visitors to drive a short beach walk away from the springs. The cedar tubs are long gone, and a new soaking pool is dug in the rocks and muddy beach each time the water level moves. The experience has changed too. Instead of a lush cedar forest and infestation of mosquitoes, bathers are surrounded by an expansive view of mountains and a rocky beach speckled with the stumps of old cedars. It is a muddy sulfur scented soak, changed each time by the ebb and flow of the water level. Above: McKirdy family siblings and cousins at the site of the hot springs and small lake in the late 1960’s. Bottom of page L to R: Sign beside the Canoe Valley Road, 1973; Fulton McKirdy had a trapline in the vicinity of the hot springs; Art Carson at the hot spring 1969. Hiroe would take her family, including her four children and their entourage of friends and cousins, to the hot springs when the lake level was low enough to access the spring. It was a rare opportunity, only every five years or so. The landscape in the 1990’s was similar to the rocky and driftwood strewn shores of today. Isis Hiroe relishes the opportunity to visit the springs. Her favorite parts of the outing are the abundance of mud and the unique and still magical experience of hot water flowing from the earth. “We made a mud slide into the pool with my friends,” said Isis. “It was fun!” She finds the hot springs special because, “It’s not like a bath. Hot water is outdoors, just flowing in a creek.” She thinks that she will still go to the springs when she is old “as long as I still live here and can move around okay,” says Isis. She is concerned about the possibility of people leaving more garbage as it becomes a more popular spot to visit. The area surrounding the Canoe River hot springs has dramatically changed over the last century, from an out of the way excursion in an old growth forest to an afternoon outing on a rocky lakeside beach. The stumps of old cedars are like ghosts, watching as generations of local residents visit for a soak in the hot water. Human energy needs have altered the valley. The question of how the geothermal potential of this hot spring will further shape the area is yet to be determined.
Star InactiveStar InactiveStar InactiveStar InactiveStar Inactive Latest Articles • Use of diamonds • Creating Malachite egg • Gas of rotten eggs Most Popular Discovered: known in India and China before 1500 and to the Greeks and Romans before 20 BC as the copper-zinc alloy brass Origin: The name is derived from the German ‘Zink’. Atomic no: 30 Mass No: 65 Description: A grey metal with a blue tinge. World production exceeds 7 million tons a year, and it is used to galvanise iron to prevent it rusting. It is also employed in alloys and batteries, and as zinc oxide to stabilise rubber and plastics. Zinc is essential for all living things, and is important for growth and development. The average human body contains about 2.5 grams and takes in about 15 milligrams per day. Some foods have above average levels of zinc, including herring, beef, lamb, sunflower seeds and cheese. Curie (Ci) How to make crystal glass Water Equivalent The amount of water that would absorb the same amount of heat as the calorimeter per degree temperature increase. Substances that flow freely, gases and liquids. The combination of many small molecules to form large molecules. A positive ion, an atom or group of atoms that has lost one or more electrons.
June 20, 2020 is World Refugee Day! What is World Refugee Day? World Refugee Day History World Refugee Day is observed every year on 20th of June in order to raise public awareness about the conditions and problems that refugees face in their lives throughout the world. This day provides an opportunity to show globally that we all are with refugees. On December 4, 2000, the United Nations General Assembly declared (in Resolution 55/76) that World Refugee Day would be celebrated annually on 20th of June. And in 2001, it became an annual worldwide celebration. Why World Refugee Day is Celebrated World Refugee Day is celebrated every year on 20th of June to support millions of violence or war. Today, more than 70 million people around the world are is equivalent to the population of the world’s 20th largest country. World Refugee Day was established by the General Assembly of United Nations for the refugees to honor them for their courage in facing many challenges after losing their homes and the lives they had known due to conflict or violence and their contributions to their communities. World Refugee Day celebration provides an opportunity to all to help the refugees worldwide to rebuild their quality lives through different related activities. As part of their relocation to their new land, refugees have historically been provided variety of lifesaving assistance, safety and protection by the government agencies and organizations. At the minimum, they are provided tents, shelter, living material supplies, and served with the life-saving services before their relocation. However, the courage it takes to leave everything behind and try to start over with basic necessities is tremendous. The goal of celebrating this day is increasing awareness among the public by sharing related refugee stories. It is celebrated to remind people about the failures of international community or home conflicts which has forced so many families to leave their home and go to another place to save their lives. Refugee Day. It is also a day to recognize the contributions of refugees in their communities. Join Women Watch Afrika, Inc. and millions all over the globe in celebrating and recognizing the courage, strength, and resilience of refugees! Show your solidarity and take action. As at World Refugee Day 2019, an unprecedented 70.8 million people have been forcibly displaced worldwide, and 37,000 people are forced to flee their homes every day due to conflict or persecution. In the past decade, global refugee population has more than doubled, with more than 25 million refugees living in host communities around the world. We are now at the highest population on record, with 67% of the world’s refugees coming from just 5 countries. World Refugee Day commemorates the obstacles refugees face each year, while also celebrating their courage and strength. Since 2001, the United Nations and The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has started the #WithRefugees petition to send a message of action, solidarity, and responsibility on behalf of refugees to governments worldwide. peoples worldwide. According to the UNHCR, there are more than 65.3 million forcibly displaced people around the world. More than 21 million of these people are refugees and 10 million are stateless. On average, 42,500 people per day flee their homes to seek protection within the borders of their own country or other countries. In the last year alone, there have been 13.9 million people newly displaced. The civil war in Syria has led to one of the worst humanitarian crises of our More than 11 million Syrians are currently displaced. This amounts to 45% of the Syrian population. 86% of the world’s refugees are hosted by developing countries. This number has jumped by 16% in the last decade. Refugees only account for a tiny percentage of overall immigration. The world’s largest refugee camp is located in Dadaab, Kenya, which is home to more than 329,000 people. The Dadaab refugee camp was being threatened with closures due to potential security risks. Of the 20 million refugees worldwide, 51% are under the age of 18. This is the highest number of child refugees since World War II. comprised of athletes from Ethiopia, South Sudan, The Democratic Republic of Congo, and Syria. How You Can Help Share this article on Facebook or Twitter to spread the word about the millions of refugees that need support. Include refugee issues in every conversation/program because refugee issues cuts across education, environment, economic, political, war/crisis, or natural Create a welcoming space for refugee and immigrants in your community Make a donation to support the work of Women Watch Afrika in protecting and defending refugees at: https://womenwatchafrika.org/donate/
Resources, Advice & Tips for Covid-19 Read More Facts About Alcohol Poisoning Alcohol Poisoning Often, news reports and public service announcements don't adequately highlight the facts about alcohol poisoning, particularly to the younger generation who are often naive about the dangerous effects alcohol can have if consumed in excess. Even though alcohol is a legal substance, overindulging can be as hazardous to a person's health as any illegal drug. Binge drinking can have hazardous consequences that may include alcohol poisoning. Facts You Should Know About Alcohol Poisoning Alcohol Poisoning Is a Medical Emergency The CDC classifies alcohol poisoning as a medical emergency that occurs when high levels of alcohol in the blood "suppress the central nervous system (CNS)." This can make it difficult to breathe, swallow, vomit, and maintain other CNS controlled bodily functions. When blood levels of alcohol are high enough to suppress the CNS, it is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. Lack of proper care can lead to death. Sleeping It Off Is a Myth According to College Drinking Prevention, blood alcohol content (BAC) can continue to rise after the cessation of drinking. Alcohol in the bloodstream can grow even more concentrated after one passes out. This occurs because alcohol in the stomach still absorbs into the bloodstream until the stomach is emptied of alcohol. Therefore, it may be dangerous to assume that someone who has passed out from drinking will just sleep it off. Your Liver Can't Keep Up with Heavy Drinking Alcohol poisoning occurs because your liver has a limited capacity to process alcohol, according to the Mayo Clinic. Alcohol is a toxin, and your liver must filter it from your blood when you consume alcoholic beverages. The liver processes about one drink per hour. When you exceed this amount, your BAC rises. Ethanol Isn't the Only Type of Alcohol to Cause Poisoning Ethanol alcohol, found in beer, wine, and liquor, is the most commonly ingested alcohol that leads to poisoning. However, isopropyl alcohol and methanol in household products can also cause poisoning if accidentally or intentionally ingested, according to the Mayo Clinic. Most at Risk for Alcohol Poisoning According to the CDC, approximately 50,000 cases of alcohol poisoning occur in the United States annually. The Mayo Clinic reports that the following demographic groups are at higher risk of alcohol poisoning People Aged 35 to 54 The majority of deaths from alcohol poisoning occur in people ages 35 to 54. This is because alcohol metabolism slows as the body ages. Males are more likely than females to have alcohol poisoning. According to a National Vital Statistics report, in 2006 males died from alcohol-related causes, such as alcohol poisoning, at a rate that was 3.2 times higher than females. Those with Other Risk Factors • Smaller size: Smaller people are more susceptible to alcohol poisoning than their larger peers. • Health problems: Certain health problems, such as diabetes or heart disease may increase susceptibility. • Food consumption: Having an empty stomach speeds the rate that alcohol absorbs into your bloodstream. • Drugs and medications: Certain drugs and medications can increase the risk of alcohol poisoning. Know the Signs The best way to prevent alcohol poisoning is to avoid binge drinking. It is important to recognize the signs of alcohol poisoning in others, as well. Because alcohol poisoning can be lethal, seek immediate emergency medical treatment if you suspect someone may have alcohol poisoning. Facts About Alcohol Poisoning
Dr. Wilde’s Blog 4/25/19 Remember when I mentioned an adult owl hanging out near our staff entrance? Well, leaving the rescue yesterday, we could not believe our eyes! We have two baby owls living near the Food Prep building! As our vet, Angela, was leaving yesterday, she remembered the adult owl and looked up into the trees to see if he was around. Instead, she spotted two fluffy baby owls, or owlets!! We all got a glimpse of the owlets as we were leaving work and I captured some pictures to show you all. Our resident bird expert and volunteer coordinator, Maryssa, guesses that these baby owls are about five weeks old. She has several reasons for thinking this. First, they are clearly not fully grown and are not fully feathered yet. Owls are fully feathered at just eight weeks old, so they must be younger than eight weeks. Owls also fledge, or leave the nest and hang out nearby, at around five weeks old. Baby owls may take their first flight at just six weeks old! Because these owlets are still small, not fully feathered, and have begun exploring near the nest, they should be around five weeks old. Maryssa and I discussed the characteristics of the owls we have seen, and we think that this is a family of Barred Owls. Barred Owls have horizontal lines on their throats and chests that look like bars. This is similar to bobcats being named after their short, “bobbed” tails. Barred Owls are the second largest owl in North Carolina, but they are still only 1-2 pounds when they are full-grown. Barred Owls roost on branches and natural cavities of trees. They will find an already formed hole in a tree, may add material to make it a cozier nest, and will lay their eggs and raise their babies in it. These owlets were hanging out at the top of a broken part of the tree. So, I’d be willing to bet that there is a cavity that formed when the tree broke and that the owls are using it as a nest. Barred Owls are opportunistic hunters and will eat pretty much anything they can catch, such as insects, reptiles, amphibians, and small mammals. We have seen the father owl catch frogs from the pond nearby and feed on an opossum! These owlets will grow up to do the same. I look forward to seeing them grow over the next few weeks and wish them success in their future hunting when they leave the nest!
Politics, debates and other timely issues are likely to spark controversy and divide public opinion on our respective campuses. How can we encourage students to engage in these conversations with courage, civility, and respect? What role does family, media, pop culture, campus culture, and social media play in forming our truth and beliefs? Are we obligated in our role as educators to set aside our personal opinions, identities, and emotions in discussion of politics and other hot button issues? What are effective “ground rules” for dialogue that facilitate student learning about alternative narratives and perspectives? How do we find the balance between unrestricted free speech and hateful/hurtful speech? On this episode of Higher Ed Live, host Tony Doody will explore these questions and discuss Widener University’s Common Ground initiative with Dr. Julie E. Wollman (President of Widener University). Episode Host Tony Doody Tony Doody Julie Wollman For more than 25 years, Dr. Julie E. Wollman has been a passionate, fearless, and effective advocate and leader in higher education. She is the tenth president of Widener University, a role she assumed in January of 2016. Guided by a relentless pursuit of excellence, she has articulated a clear vision and distinct goals for the university focused on providing an unparalleled student experience. Leading with enthusiasm, authenticity, and a strong respect for others, Dr. Wollman is nationally recognized specifically for her commitment to building community and bringing people from varying perspectives together to engage in conversation. In the fall of 2017, Dr. Wollman launched Common Ground, an ongoing university-wide initiative designed to encourage reasoned civil discourse on challenging topics. Dr. Wollman serves on the boards of several local, regional, and national organizations, including the Riverfront Alliance of Delaware County, an economic development organization, where she serves as Board Vice-President; the Global Philadelphia Association; the Middle Atlantic Conference of the NCAA where she serves as Board Secretary; the Baldwin School; and the American Association of University Administrators. She also chairs the President’s Alliance of the Chamber of Commerce of Greater Philadelphia. Prior to joining Widener University, Dr. Wollman served as president of Edinboro University of Pennsylvania. She holds degrees from Harvard University, University of Pennsylvania, and New York University, and is a frequent commentator and dynamic speaker on education-related public policy issues, higher education affordability, and leadership, appearing regularly in print, online, and broadcast media outlets. Dr. Wollman is the recipient of numerous teaching, academic, and professional awards and recognitions. Most recently, she was named by the Philadelphia Business Journal as a “2017 Women of Distinction” and one of its “People to Watch for 2018,” as well as one of Main Line Today magazine’s 2017 “Women on the Move.”
Tin Sliver Lead Aluminum Iron Ore Ball Mill Gold, recognizable by its yellowish cast, is one of the oldest metals used by humanss far back as the neolithic period, humans have collected gold from stream beds, and the actual mining of gold can be traced as far back as 3500 b , when early egyptians the sumerian culture of mesopotamia used mined gold to craft elaborate jewelry, religious artifacts, and utensils such as goblets.
Tips on how to parity Memory parity verify of memory. During the host method, it reads and writes memory and information A check circuit checks whether the knowledge composed to the key memory matches the data read through. If it doesn't match, the CpU is notified of a crash by a pressured interrupt (NMI) circuit. When the CpU writes knowledge to primary memory, in addition it sends the information into the parity bit master / checker (74280) for calculation. The 74280 chip can be a 9-bit parity little bit generator, but it's also a checker. The truth is, its key function will be to incorporate the H sign (high-level signal, that's, the "1" signal) input with the CpU on the DRAM memory to check out whether it's a fair number of "1" or an odd quantity of "1". Then output from its Even (odd) or Odd (odd) pin, the output signal will be the parity bit. If the CpU writes 8-bit knowledge into the major memory, it truly is calculated via the parity generator in the same time. Should the outcome with the calculation is really an even variety of "1", the parity bit is "1". Whether it is an odd range of "1" 1 the parity bit is L signal (lower degree, that's,?° 0 ?±signal), this parity bit is distributed towards the ninth memory chip for non permanent storage, which is, write When coming into details, a parity little bit is created, and no parity verify is carried out. Since there is no option for comparison examine, the parity bit of the producer could be "1" when composing. ", Might also be" 0 ". Inside the circuit of the personal computer AT, when the CpU reads the main memory, the 8-bit knowledge is additional to the parity little bit stored during the ninth memory chip just now. The received answer ought to be an odd variety of "1" (which is, the parity bit of the odd test circuit = "0"). Whether it is an even variety of "1", the parity check circuit is commenced, plus the CpU is notified by way of the NMI circuit. Therefore, the parity look at is made by the operator when looking at the data, for the reason that only when reading, can the data during the memory just penned be checked for faults. The parity verify circuit is often checked in two strategies: (one) Odd parity check out (two) Even parity check out can be an odd parity check out inside the pc host circuit, which is, the Even output on the parity bit need to be "0" when examine. When the parity little bit is "1", a parity error is going to be created, plus the CpU are going to be notified with the crash because of the NMI circuit. Throughout inspection, each parity little bit generator / checker (74280) chip can only check eight bits, see the quantity of bits your CpU has, then there are many teams of 74280, the host of pentium CpU has eight 7428O, but now all are reduced into the chipset, so a person team is utilized to explain the odd check How even parity examining will work. parity test one. When the CpU writes information to your memory, only parity bits are produced, and no parity bit test is carried out. If the CpU writes info (8 bits), the 8 bits are included by the parity little bit generator, and also the calculation final result is as follows: (one) When there is an even variety of "1", the parity little bit = one. (two) If there are actually an odd amount of "1" s, the parity little bit = 0. (three) The parity little bit is stored inside the ninth memory chip. two. In the event the CpU reads the memory data, it compares while using the facts just penned at the moment and performs a parity examine. (one) The info just prepared has an excellent number of "1" s additionally the parity little bit = "l" stored from the ninth memory chip, then calculated with the parity checker and logic circuit, Even connects The output from the pin must be an odd range of "1", that is definitely, the parity bit is "0". (two) The data just composed has an odd amount of "1" moreover the parity bit = "0" stored within the ninth memory chip, after which calculated via the parity checker and logic circuit, Even pin The output of continues to be an odd variety of "1", that is certainly, the parity bit is "0". (3) So whether the knowledge just written has a fair quantity of "1" or an odd range of "1" when studying, it can be constantly a set odd variety of "1". If it is even, the system generates a sequence of operations Notify the CpU of a crash. three. At present, most motherboards aid DRAM memory without parity. The technique BIOS will disable the parity purpose. The more recent BIOS will routinely detect if the motherboard's DRAM memory provides a parity. 4. Odd parity: D0 D7 add up an odd number of The 74280 Even pin outputs as the parity bit. 5. Even parity: D0 D7 insert up an excellent quantity of The 74280Odd pin outputs as being the parity bit. 6. Odd parity examine: When reading through knowledge, D0 D7 additionally the parity little bit are calculated by 74280. If you'll find an odd quantity of s, the Even pin outputs and also the Odd pin outputs Whether it is a fair quantity of "1". Then the Even pin outputs "1" as well as Odd pin outputs "0". 7. When studying facts with even parity check, D0 D7 in addition parity digits are calculated by 74280. When there is a fair variety of Even pin outputs and Odd pin outputs . If it is an odd variety of "l", the Even pin outputs "0" along with the Odd pin outputs "1". related articles: The best way to parity Memory What is parity, the tactic of parity What's parity, the strategy of parity What exactly is parity, the tactic of parity What exactly is parity, the tactic of parity Posted by 豬寶貝lisa at 13:24│Comments(0)
Press "Enter" to skip to content Twelfth Night Comedy Twelfth Night Comedy “Twelfth Night is a comedy of light and shade. Its characters are not unreservedly happy and the events are not unreservedly humorous.” Discuss. As a comedy, Twelfth Night is obviously intending to not only entertain its audience but also point out problems in society. It is imperative to entire merit of the play not to be realistic but to allow for empathy. Therefor to have a comedy of complete lightheartedness there would be no balance and hence no avenue for audience interaction. Without light we would have no darkness and for this reason Shakespeare has had to incorporate tragedy in order for the comedy to have its desired effect. The two in juxtaposition accentuate each other. The characters of Twelfth Night are neither bluntly humorous nor artlessly tragic. Twelfth Night like all Shakespearean comedies is largely about social concerns. The social messages in Twelfth Night are largely about, the need for a balance in life, that you should not judge on appearance as they can be deceptive and the importance of self awareness or the humor in lack of. Pssst… we can write an original essay just for you. Any subject. Any type of essay. We’ll even meet a 3-hour deadline. Get your price Neither is artlessly or bluntly humorous, as this would detract from the greater issues he in attempting to convey. Humor instead is used in contrast to some pain to antithesis the comedy and accentuate the themes. The plot of Twelfth Night is comic it explores many social issues in its comedy yet is also not unrestrained in its humor. As a comedy Twelfth Night follows, many conventions as far as structure, the setting is in a far away “romantic” land, situation, and events somewhat steer the plot however this is certainly not without art or subtleties. Shakespeare has carefully intertwined comedy and pain in both the main and the sub plots to highlight the comedy and explore the social themes. The audience is forced to suspend disbelief that such a coincidence could occur. The audience is transported from their ordinary mundane existence and is transported into a world of chance, non-existent penalties for practical jokes and the unmistakable harmony of events. It is this incongruity compared to everyday life that is humorous. However, this summer, frivolris setting is not completely free from conflict. There is however, some predominately “lighter” characters that serve as comic relief from the more serious main plot and represent a certain “type” of people in society. Sir Toby and Sir Andrew would have been marvelously enjoyed by Shakespearean audiences as they are today. Not a scene goes by involving these to where we can laugh and the slow wit of Sir Andrew and the awkward puns of Sir Toby. However, we find the names and foolish antics of these two rather amusing. It is with a certain hesitance that we laugh at the gullibility of Sir Toby, his disillusioned love for Olivia is rather somber and balances our opinion of him. This balances is representative of all the characters in Twelfth Night, they may be predominately comic yet they are never completely comic or completely serious. This has the effect on Twelfth Night as making it more true to life and therefor we as the audience can relate and understand the themes. Malvolio and Feste are typical examples of characters that are seen as comic, yet when looking beyond these superficialities we see a far more important role of their character in the play. Feste, his name and title as a “fool” is careful balance of light and shade. He is arguably the most intelligent character in the play and it is evident at the end of the play that he is the most powerful, because he concludes the play. Feste is certainly a vital link between not only the main and sub plots but also as a conveyer of the action to the audience. It is ironic that such wit and wisdom are found in the “fool.” Cesario refers to Feste as, “This fellows wise enough to play the fool: / And to do that well craves wit.” The obvious key to understanding the themes Shakespeare is conveying we must closely examine the characters, with which he communicates. Feste is not a character of low, blunt comedy, his merriment is truthful not scornful or artless. Act 1 scene 5, “The more fool, madonna, to mourn for your brothers soul being in heaven. Take away the fool..” Feste is clever well balanced and has a keen understanding of himself and others. This combination of intellect, humor and subtlety effectively conveys the themes of Twelfth Night, rather than a cruel, crude, unreservedly humorous character that would be not nearly as potent. Malvolio is a prime example of the need for a balanced, self-aware person. Malvolios name suggests his character, Mal meaning bad, and volio will. This wicked disposition is his self-deception and lack of balance and it is this that we find comic not however bluntly humorous. Conflict between characters is an aspect of the plot that makes it certainly more than unreservedly humors. However, there are also different levels of conflict in Twelfth Night. As far as the conventional structure of a comedy goes all conflict is minor and usually created merely through the suspense. In Twelfth Night there is conflict concerning who will win the hand of Oliva. Malvolio through his vanity is easily fooled into thinking it is he who she loves although she is most otherwise, “O, you are sick of self love, Malvolio, and taste with a distemperd appetite.” Another social theme that is not “unreservedly humorous” dealt with in Twelfth Night is the idea of self-awareness. Self-awareness is based around being well balanced rather than excessive, therefor to convey this idea neither the characters nor the plot can be completely, inadvertently “happy.” Self-awareness is developed by both Olivia and Orsino; they were both creatures of lavishness. Orsino plunged deeply into his unrequited almost courtly love for Olivia his verbose, dramatic language demonstrates this, “If music be the food of love, play on; / Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting, / The appetite may sicken and die.” T … I'm Lily Check it out
Students x In high school, the William and Mary student was moved after hearing about the lack of reading materials in Ghana, and has worked to help ever since. In January 2017, Samantha Boateng, a student, artist and entrepreneur, officially opened the doors to the first library in the capital city of Ghana, called Read2Lead. The building, situated in a public-school complex with about six thousand students, was established with the mission to “encourage a love of reading, create libraries and learning centers worldwide and improve literacy rates exponentially.” In summer 2014, Boateng’s mother taught children and young adults in Accra, Ghana; when she returned, she told Boateng about all the people without library access. As an avid reader, Boateng connected with the issue and decided that she wanted to do something to help. “The community itself is quite disadvantaged,” Boateng says. “Since they’re public schools, they are given little money by the government, and since the teachers aren’t paid that much, a lot of them don’t really care about the students.” In high school, Boateng brought up the issue with her principal, but was met with a negative response that surprised her. “Why would you even help these kids?” he asked. “They don’t like to learn.” After their discussion, Boateng felt determined to prove that the problem was not that the children lacked the motivation to learn, but that they had no access to the necessary resources, which is where her project comes into play. “The library is important because it gives [the students] the resources and the opportunity to aspire for great things,” she says. Having never been to Accra, nor having direct family from there, Boateng only knew about the problems in the area from her mother. As a result, the William and Mary student was initially hesitant to launch any projects in the area, but she knew that she wanted to act and decided to do something that she was sure could help, no matter how complicated the politics behind international aid can be. So, she began collecting books. After gathering over two thousand pieces of literature, from both her high school and church, Boateng realized that she could increase the scale of her project, and on January 2, 2016, she launched the first fundraising and book collection campaign for R2L. Building a Library In summer 2016, after receiving fourteen thousand books, twenty-two computers and $15,000, Boateng traveled to Accra with some student and teacher volunteers to begin working on the construction of the very first Read2Lead establishment. The project wasn’t without complications, unfortunately; there was not enough money to cover the building’s unforeseen electrical issues. However, in December 2016, the R2L team received the funding they needed to fix the problem, and Read2Lead finally opened on January 6, 2017, which gave six thousand students and their families access to a library. Despite the initial speed bumps, Boateng found that, to an extent, the lack of infrastructure in the country can be advantageous. “One major difference between Ghana and the U.S. is that the same structure that can take months to build here can be built within weeks in Ghana, as long as you have the money,” she says. As a result, Boateng was able to implement her plans to construct the library with little delay, which made both her and the neophyte readers happy. Still, that same lack of infrastructure can be equally frustrating in other ways. For instance, instead of being able to pay a contractor to take care of most of the construction, Boateng found that no one individual or group could take on the entire enterprise; instead, she had to pay dozens of individuals separately to have them each complete their tasks autonomously. As a result, communication became challenging and made coordinating the work efforts more difficult than it would have been in America. In a similar vein, the lack of precedent for the project meant that their cost estimates were inaccurate. The group approached the project with a fixed budget, but ended up having to spend $4,ooo more than they had anticipated. “Now we prepare with a little more money just to be safe,” she jokes. Still, despite overcoming monetary and logistical challenges, Boateng found that some of the largest impediments to building the library were the Ghanaians themselves. “When I went to Ghana last year, I was so excited for the project and the work that we would do,” she says. But at times, Boateng felt that the community was unable to understand why she cared about the project, and, as a result, they often had questions about her motivations. One citizen even asked, “Why would you come do work here when there are so many problems in the U.S.?” She felt as if almost everyone besides the children was against the project, but the thought of helping the young students learn to read trumped her fears that the adults in the community were missing the point of her library. When everything was officially done and the library opened in January, Boateng felt accomplished; Read2Lead was the largest project that she had ever taken on. Despite her exhaustion and the occasional pushback, seeing the students have easy access to books for the first time made the whole process worth it for her. “It’s so simple,” she says, “but it was amazing because they knew and followed all the rules and came in knowing how everything worked.” Boateng, Post-Opening Not only did Read2Lead teach Boateng practical skills that are applicable to her career as an entrepreneur, she also learned a lot about the grayer, more philosophical aspects of any business venture, such as how its practicality and longevity affect the work’s value, and she was given insight into the, at times, complicated moral tapestry of philanthropy. “I’ve learned just how privileged my life has been, and how important it is to take direct action to solve problems, especially when it comes to projects that you have the means to solve, such as collecting trash to help clean up a neighborhood. I’ve also learned the importance of the youth. We are the future and we are capable of changing the world even at young ages.” Books collected for Read2Lead (Image via Boateng) Back at William and Mary College, Boateng is majoring in Government and Computer Science. She is involved in non-partisan voter engagement and wants to work in international development in the future, focusing on education efforts that teach communities how to build and maintain their own schools and libraries. “I also want to explore various creative mediums, such as creating short films and writing anthologies or even clothing design,” Boateng adds; ideally, she would be combining her artistic passion with her desire to further international development. “I have a few years to decide on something concrete, but I think it would be cool to mix all my interests together.” The Future of Read2Lead Opening day was not the end of Boateng’s journey with Read2Lead. When I spoke with Boateng she was in Ghana, working on a second Read2Lead launch. This time, her organization is building a library in Asuodei, which makes the project more special to Boateng, as fifty years ago, her grandfather built a school for the same community. According to the teenage philanthropist, he too was motivated by the understanding of education’s importance. In addition to this second project, Boateng wants to use raised funds in order to hold their Academic Bowl Competition, which was inspired by a successful competition at the first library that brings ten schools together to compete and win prizes. Boateng’s goal is to build a library and hold an Academic Bowl every year. If you want to support Boateng and Read2Lead’s efforts, visit one of Read2Lead’s FreeFunder and CrowdRise pages. In addition to funding the new library and Bowl competition, your donations will be used to make improvements to the Accra location, including installing A/C units and putting in windows. For more information and updates, visit Boateng’s YouTube channel and Read2Lead’s Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Leave a Reply
The Scarlet Letter Hackett Flashcard Example #39243 Who is the Author? Nathaniel Hawthorne When did Hawthorne live? When was the novel written? Notes on Puritanism – Colonists came in search of religious freedom – Public confession was necessary for salvation – The individual was subordinate to the community – Intercourse outside of marriage was punishable by death (Ch. 1) Where does the story take place? Boston Massachusettes (Ch. 1) What is the significance of the rosebush outside of the prison door? It symbolizes that in a bad place something beautiful can arise (Ch. 1) What is “the black flower” of civilized society? the prison (Ch. 2) When does this story take place? 17th Century / 1642-1649 (Ch. 2) Who is old Mistress Hibbins? a bitter-tempered widow of the magistrate, and also sister of Governor Bellingham (witch) (Ch. 2) What are the people of the town doing? standing outside of the prison (Ch. 2) Who is Hester Prynne? the main character. long dark hair dark eyes very lady-like (Ch. 2) Who is Reverend Dimmesdale? He is the Pastor of the Puritan Church of Boston (Ch. 2) What are the women of the town so angry about? That Hester got off easy for committing adultry (Ch. 2) What is Hester carrying? A 3 month old baby girl (Ch. 2) What is fastened to her dress? a red “A” made of cloth, surrounded with embroidery and gold thread. (Ch. 2) What does the symbol stand for? (Ch. 2) Where is Hester going? To the scaffold in the center of the marketplace (Ch. 2) What is a scaffold? A raised platform with a pillory used for humiliation (Ch. 2) What is a pillory? Wooden framework used for embaressment (Ch. 3) Who does Hester see in the crowd? Her husband -has a deformity, one shoulder higher than the other (Ch. 3) What gesture does the man in the crowd make? presses his finger against his lips “SHHH” (Ch. 3) A townsman tells Hester Prynne’s story. Explain it in your own words. She came to Boston before her husband to find a house and get settled while he tied up some loose ends, she hadn’t heard from him in years and assumed that he was dead. (Ch. 3) Who is the Father of the baby? We do not know in this chapter (Ch. 3) What is Hester’s permanent sentence (punishment) ? What is this instead of? She has to stand on the scaffold for 3 hours, and wear the Scarlet Letter “A” for the rest of her life. This is instead of being Killed (Ch. 3) There is a balcony over the scaffold. Who is on it? Governor Bellingham, Reverend Dimmesdale, and Reverend John Wilson (Ch. 3) What are the trying to get from Hester? The name of her lover (Ch. 3) Why is it Reverend Dimmesdale’s responsibility to question her? Because she is a member of the Puritan Church of Boston and he is her pastor (Ch. 3) Dimmesdale talks with Hester. Summarize what he says. He tells her that she should release the name of her secret lover, so that her soul can be saved (Ch. 3) How does Hester respond to Dimmesdale’s words? She shakes her head, no. (Ch. 3) A voice comes from the crowd telling Hester to speak. Who is it? Her husband (Ch. 3) How does Hester respond to the person speaking from the crowd? She says her child must seek a heavenly father, because she will never know an earthly one. (Ch. 4) After Hester returns to prison, a physician is sent for. Who is it? Roger Chillingsworth (her husband) (Ch. 4) What does she suspect of Roger Chillingsworth? That he is trying to poison the baby (Ch. 4) What was Hester’s past with Roger Chillingsworth? He was her husband (Ch. 4) What was Roger’s “folly”? To think that an older, bookwormish man had any business marring a woman like Hester (Ch. 4) Did she ever love Roger? (Ch. 4)What does Roger Chillingsworth say he is going to do? Find out who Hester’s lover was and seek revenge (Ch. 4) What secret does Chillingsworth ask Hester to keep? Not to tell anyone his identity (Ch. 5) Give a few reasons why Hester stays in that town. Hester stays in that town because: -of Puritan beliefs -her lover is there -the roots of her sin are there -her guilt is there and that is where she should be punished (Ch. 5) Where does Hester live? In a small cottage on the outskirts of town (Ch. 5) How does Hester earn a living? She’s a seamestress (Ch. 5) Who buys Hester’s work? Government officials, military men, ministers, parents, and dead people (Ch. 5) Who does not buy Hester’s work? (Ch. 5) Why do you think Hester does not cover up the Scarlet Letter? Because it looks good, and she knows that she has sinned (Ch. 5) Besides look of scorn and occasional sympathy, Hester notes another kind of look people give her. What is it? “A knowing look” as if the person were guilty of the same crime but has not been caught yet (Ch. 5) What story did the vulgar people tell about the Scarlet Letter? That the letter “A” has a red-hot internal fire, that it glows in the dark, and that it isn’t just a piece of cloth (Ch. 6) Why was the infant named Pearl? She was purchased at a great price, and she is Hester’s only treasure (Ch. 6) What was the typical family discipline like in the 1600s? Children were beaten and then forced to read or listen Scripture (Ch. 6) Was Hester strict? Explain. No, because when she was strict Pearl didn’t respond, when she was lenient Pearl didn’t respond, so nothing worked. (Ch. 6) What does Hester think is peculiar about Pearl? That she is filled with a mix of emotions. She is like a wild child, and has a wild flow of spirit (Ch. 6) Does Pearl have friends? (Ch. 6) How does Pearl react to the Puritan children? She throws rocks at them and shouts incoherent words (Ch. 6) When Pearl plays, what kind of people does she make up? Imaginary enemies to fight with (Ch. 6) What was the first thing that Pearl noticed in her life? The Scarlet Letter “A” (Ch. 6) What did Hester sometimes imagine seeing in Pearl’s eyes? An evil spirit (Ch. 6) What does Pearl throw at her mother? wild flowers aimed at the Scarlet Letter “A” (Ch. 6) What does Pearl look like when she throws things at her mother? An elf (Ch. 6) When Hester asks Pearl who sent her, what does Pearl say? “Tell me mother.” (Ch. 6) Hester says, “The Heavenly Father sent thee.” How does Pearl respond? “He did not send me, I have no heavenly Father” (Ch. 6) What do the townspeople say about Pearl’s origin? She is a demon offspring (Ch. 7) Why did Hester go to Governor Bellingham’s? To bring him gloves that she made and to ask if they were going to take Pearl (Ch. 7) What does Hester see in the breastplate of the suit of armor? Why is this significant? The Scarlet Letter “A”, and Pearl is there to mock her pain. (Ch. 7) What does Pearl want that is outside? A red rose (Ch. 8) What does Hester say she can do for Pearl? She can teach her the lessons of life (Ch. 8) When asked who made her, what does Pearl say? She hasn’t been made at all, she had been plucked by her mother from the wild rose bush outside of the prison. (Ch. 8) According to Hester, why did God give her Pearl? In replacement of all that had been taken from her, Pearl is Hester’s only happiness, but also her torture. Nobody else will love Pearl. She IS the Scarlet Letter (Ch. 8) Who successfully argues for Hester to keep Pearl? Reverend Dimmesdale (Ch. 8) What does Pearl do to Reverent Dimmesdale? She grabs his hand and places it on her cheek (Ch. 8) How is Pearl’s grabbing of Reverend Dimmesdale’s hand similar to something that she did earlier in the novel?(Chapter 3) She reached up to him on the scaffold in Chapter 3 (Ch. 8) What does Mistress Hibbins ask Hester? Is she is going into the woods to meet the black man (the devil) with them (Ch. 8) How does Hester respond when Mistress Hibbins asks her to go into the woods? She says she needs to stay home and watch Pearl. If they had taken Pearl then she would have gone and signed the devil’s black book with her blood (Ch.9) What is a leech as used in the story? A doctor, he prays on other people (Ch.9) Why did people think that Dimmesdale’s health was failing? His appearance was worsening, he didn’t look too good. “He is devoted to his study” (Ch.9) What does Dimmesdale do with his hand when he is alarmed or surprised? He puts his hand over his heart (Ch.9) What is the relationship between Dimmesdale and Chillingsworth? Chillingsworth is Dimmesdale’s doctor (Ch.9) How is Chillingsworth studying Dimmesdale? CHhillingsworth watches Dimmesdale in his every day life and asks personal questions about him (Ch.9) Who should a man with a secret avoid? Why? A doctor, because very few secrets get past them (Ch.9) Where did Pearl and Hester live? On the outskirts of town in a small cottage (Ch.9) What does Dimmesdale reject? the help of Chillingsworth and the idea of having a wife (Ch.9) What did people originally think of Chillingsworth’s relationship to Dimmesdale? That the hand of God sent Chillingsworth to help Dimmesdale (Ch.9) Now what do the townspeople think of Chillingsworth’s relationship to Dimmesdale? They’re doubting Chillingsworth and believe that he is trying to take Dimmesdale’s soul Leave a Reply
Book Review: Adam and the Genome Book: Adam and the Genome Subtitle: Reading Scripture after Genetic Science Authors: Dennis R. Venema and Scot McKnight Publication Year: 2017 Reviewed: Dr James Graham, retired General Practitioner, Glasgow. Rating: 4/5 So often books on science and the Bible are written by scientists who then try to deal with the biblical texts or theologians who try to deal adequately with the science and they do so with varying degrees of success. This book is different in that the science is dealt with by a scientist and the Bible by a New Testament scholar, giving it a high degree of credibility in both fields. It has not been easy to read but with concentration and a second reading I have been able to understand and follow the arguments. The tendency of many conservative evangelical Christians to stick rigidly to literal readings of Scripture and a refusal to consider other alternative interpretations has led to, at worst, all out war between faith and science and at best a high degree of suspicion between the two. This is so sad because the brightest young Christians are often driven away from a possible career in science or driven away from the Christian faith when confronted by true science. This is one reason why a greater proportion of scientists tend to be atheists, a fact frequently used by them to attack the Christian faith. This book is an important contribution to the discussion and is especially important for young Christians who are open minded and genuinely seeking the truth. This scenario is dealt with by Venema in the first chapter where he also explains the meaning of ‘theory’ as a scientific term before going on to deal with the fossil record. In chapter two Venema discusses genomes as language and shows how changes in genes match changes in form. This is illustrated by changes in language and by the way errors crept into old books and manuscripts as they were copied before the advent of printing. The loss of genes is easy to explain but opponents of evolution argue that new material needs special intervention from the Creator. Venema explains how this occurs as a natural process. He concludes a ‘confession’ of a creationist. In chapter three the author moves from evolution in general to presenting evidence that, not only did humans evolve from lower primates but that we are descended from a pool of several thousands humans and not from a single pair. He then presents evidence that modern man is descended not only from Homo erectus but also from Neanderthals and Denisovians through limited interbreeding. Finally in this chapter Venema deals with the question of mitochondial Eve and Y chromosome Adam which some cite as evidence of descent from one man and one woman. Chapter four is Venema’s final contribution to the book and here he deals with Intelligent Design (ID). He takes the view that ID uses God to fill the gaps in our knowledge, the God of the gaps approach, and quotes Dietrich Bonhoeffer, “We are to find God in what we know; God wants us to realise his presence, not in unsolved problems but in those that are solved.” He concentrates mainly on two prominent proponents of ID, the biochemist Michael Behe and the philosopher and historian of science Stephen Meyer. Towards the end of the chapter he has a section headed ‘Evolution is Design’ where he argues that evolution is evidence of God as Designer. Finally the lack of information on the origin of life used by ID proponents is presented as yet another God of the gaps argument. Scot McKnight the New Testament scholar takes over from Chapter Five. He begins with a personal testimony where he describes his journey from being anti evolution to accepting it. There follows a plea to read Genesis in the context of the ancient Near East. Five principles for reading science and the Bible are set out as follows: 1. Respect. Read the Bible in context and respect for the time and culture in which it was written. 2. Honesty. Keep an open mind and consider the possibility that you may have been wrong. 3. Sensitivity to the study of science. Christian young people are often forced to accept six day creationism or science but not the Bible and science. 4. The Primacy of Scripture. Read Scripture in its context. 5. Decide which Adam and Eve we are talking about: Evolutionary Creation View, Archetypal Creation View, Old Earth Creation, Young Earth Creation. In Chapter Six McKnight puts Adam and Eve in their context followed by twelve theses. The context is the ancient near eastern myths, Enuma Fish, Gilgamesh Epic, Atrahasis and the Assur Bilingual Creation Story. The next section contains his twelve theses for reading Genesis in context. I found these enjoyable and instructive mini-sermons on the Genesis text but feel they are rather longer than needed for his argument. The question of the historicity of Adam and Eve is raised here but its treatment is left till the next chapter. In the seventh chapter I am rather lost. McKnight goes through intertestamental and first century literature examining how various Jewish myths viewed Adam. There is a genealogical Adam and an archetypal Adam but he concludes that the ‘historical Adam’ is a post Biblical view. I am at a loss to understand this since they all viewed him as a real person. Adam, the genome and the Apostle Paul are the main topics of Chapter Eight. McKnight begins by considering people who lose their faith after encountering science and then goes on to dissect the important Pauline passages dealing with Adam (and Eve). He does this by using five theses and concludes that Paul’s Adam was not the historical Adam. I found McKnight difficult to follow and feel his arguments were too convoluted and he could have made his point in a more concise and readable manner. The book includes an Afterword by Daniel Harrell, Senior Minister, Colonial Church, Edina, Minnesota and is, in my view, extremely important in summarising Scot McKnight’s very circuitous arguments in a succinct manner. Even if you can’t follow all of McKnight’s chapters don’t give up as you should find Daniel Harrell’s briefer account more easily digestible. I have given this book four stars. It would have been five because of the importance of the evidence presented but reduced to four because of the difficulty in reading parts of it. Dr James Graham, retired General Practioner, Glasgow. You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
Nicotine Stomatitis: What Is The Relation in Between? by Christina Matthews Updated: August 7, 2020 the relation between Nicotine and Stomatitis What Is Stomatitis? Stomatitis is an inflammation of the inside part of the mouth. It can affect all parts of the mouth, lips, cheeks, gums, tongue and the palates. Stomatitis is characterized by redness and swelling on the affected areas inside the mouth. It can cause discomfort and pain and in some severe cases can cause bleeding. The three most common types of stomatitis are: • Herpes stomatitis (cold sores) • Aphthous stomatitis (canker sores) • Nicotine stomatitis How Are Nicotine And Stomatitis Related? Nicotine and stomatitis are related because smoking can cause a condition known as nicotine stomatitis. Nicotine stomatitis is different from other forms of stomatitis since it mostly affects just the upper palate of the mouth and is caused primarily by heavy smoking. The other kinds of stomatitis have different causes. Herpes stomatitis (cold sores) is caused by the herpes simplex 1 virus (HSV-1) and aphthous stomatitis (canker sores) has many different causes, which vary from poor hygiene to allergic reactions. The causes of nicotine stomatitis are: • Chronic pipe, cigar and cigarette smoking • Reverse cigarette smoking • High concentrations of heat hitting the roof of your mouth • Chemical irritants • Chronic drinking of hot liquids combined with smoking You get nicotine stomatitis from the heat and chemicals in a burning tobacco product. The heat from a tobacco product causes a reaction in the upper part of the mouth that makes it more vulnerable to chemical irritants in tobacco smoke, like nicotine. Pipe and cigar smokers are the most likely people to get nicotine stomatitis. Risk Factors You are most at risk of developing nicotine stomatitis if you: • Are a longtime smoker of pipes and cigars • Are male • Reverse smoke (put the lit end in your mouth) Nicotine stomatitis is an uncommon condition. It used to be common when smoking pipes was still a popular way to smoke tobacco. Since smoking trends have changed and more people just smoke cigarettes or use e-cigarettes with vape juices and e-liquids inside. One study found that 29.6% of all smokers had nicotine stomatitis but 60% of pipe smokers had nicotine stomatitis. Signs of Nicotine Stomatitis Most cases of nicotine stomatitis include: • Gray or white patches on the skin of the palate • Red or white dots begin to appear when the salivary glands are inflamed • Severe cases include a “dried lake-bed” look, which is caused by fissures in the mucous membrane FAQ: Nicotine Stomatitis • Are There Other Ways I Can Get Nicotine Stomatitis? Other than smoking tobacco products, there are no other ways to get nicotine stomatitis. Nicotine stomatitis does not occur from taking other forms of nicotine, like chewing gums and patches or e-cigarettes. The combination of heat and smoke that is unique to smoking tobacco products like pipes and cigars are the main factors that cause nicotine stomatitis. • Is Nicotine Stomatitis Dangerous? Nicotine stomatitis is not dangerous. Some smokers do not even know that they have nicotine stomatitis. Aside from the inflammation and the lesions it causes, there are no symptoms associated with nicotine stomatitis. It does not cause pain or lead to any other medical conditions. It is, at worst, mildly irritating. • Does Nicotine Stomatitis Cause Cancer? Nicotine stomatitis does not cause cancer, neither is it a type of cancer. However, in cases of reverse smoking, where the lit end of a cigarette is put into the mouth (which is a common practice in Southeast Asia and China) the lesions that appear can sometimes carry the risk of transforming into cancer. The best way to prevent getting nicotine stomatitis is to stop smoking. Other ways to prevent nicotine stomatitis: 1. The majority of cases that involve nicotine stomatitis come from people who are regular pipe or cigar smokers, so you might consider smoking cigarettes instead or trying some form of nicotine replacement therapy or even using vapes, for a while. 2. If you are a reverse cigarette smoker, nicotine stomatitis could lead to more serious afflictions, so try smoking cigarettes from the filter. 3. Some people who wear dentures and smoke do not develop nicotine stomatitis under the area covered by their dentures, but they do develop it in the parts of the mouth not covered by their dentures. If you are showing signs of nicotine stomatitis, don’t panic. Nicotine stomatitis is not a serious or life-threatening affliction. You should stop smoking for a few weeks and the lesions on the upper palate of your mouth will disappear, even if you have had nicotine stomatitis for a long time. If you have stopped smoking but the lesions are still present, you should go see a doctor, since that would be a sign of something more serious. There are a lot of dangers associated with smoking: strokes, heart attacks, cancer. Nicotine stomatitis is a less serious condition that will cause mostly discomfort but it is not life-threatening. If you are worried about developing nicotine stomatitis then you should check the inside of your mouth regularly, not only as a way to detect nicotine stomatitis but to check if you have any other major conditions as well. Published: September 7, 2017Updated: August 7, 2020 Christina Matthews Leave a comment
Stretching vs. Yoga Difference Between Stretching and Yoga People often begin to ask about the best stretching exercises in yoga, stretching… Difference Between Stretching and Yoga People often begin to ask about the best stretching exercises in yoga, stretching and yoga exercises are completely different. Stretching is stretching the muscles to their maximum length in order to tone them. Person feels flexible and able to control a variety of body movements. Yoga originated with the principles of meditation in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. It is not related to stretching and it is more of a Western concept. In India, yoga is associated with Hatha Yoga and other forms of exercise, it is derived from “yuj, which translates as” the root of the word union, “union” or “average”. Stretching is related to the skeletal muscles that are very simple. Stretching is the most basic exercises performed by humans and animals both. Only humans can perform yoga because it needs to control the flow of oxygen. Stretching helps athletes to improve performance or reduce pain due to injury. This practice is questioned by people who often feel that instead of benefit, can be harmful. History of yoga dates back to the Indus civilization (3300 – 1700 BC). Some of these stamps were discovered by digging, showed figures that were depicted as a meditation pose. This practice later developed, and has references to Brahman (India theological text) dating from 900 BC “500). No history is associated with stretching and strength developed in modern times. Muslims are forbidden to practice yoga by some of Islamic bodies as it is considered that spiritual teachings of Hindu Yoga without the chanting of religious mantras are allowed. It can be seen as stretching exercises that are accepted around the world without any bias Summary ..: 1 Yoga is a historical context. 2 Stretching exercises are very normal that can be performed by human or animals, while yoga can be done by humans only. Leave a Reply Related Posts Hemp Vs. Cannabis Difference Between Hemp And Cannabis Central and South Asia have Cannabis which is a particular kind of flowering… Sexual vs. Asexual Difference Between Sexual and Asexual Sexual and asexual are two words which are used for describing the presence… Cohabiting Vs. Married Difference Between Cohabiting and married What marital status can greatly affect your finances. In recent decades, an increasing… Earthquake vs. Tsunami Difference Between Earthquake and Tsunami The earthquake and tsunami are as natural disasters of epic proportions that cause…
The job of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is to review applications for trademarks. The USPTO does this to provide federal registration. They will determine if an applicant complies with the requirements necessary for federal registration. The USPTO does not decide if someone has the right to use a trademark. If someone does not have their product registered, they could still use a trademark they created to identify their source of goods or services. Once someone has been issued a registration, the owner is responsible for enforcing the rights of the trademark. It will be based on their ownership and its federal registration. The USPTO operates completely on the fees it collects by those who use its services. It does not operate using money collected from taxpayers. This makes it unique when compared to other governmental agencies. It functions as a business. The USPTO gets requests for services. These are applications for trademark registrations as well as patents. The fees charged by the USPTO cover the costs associated with performing these services. The job of the USPTO is to maintain a permanent interdisciplinary historical record of all patent applications in the United States. The requirements for this governmental agency is defined in the United States Constitution. It is within the power of Congress to promote useful arts and the progress of science. The USPTO is responsible for promoting technological and industrial progress in the United States. This is accomplished in a few different ways. Providing important advice concerning intellectual property and the trade-related aspects of it. Making certain the laws associated with trademarks and patents are properly administered. Advising the President of the United States as well as the Secretary of Commerce about issues concerning the administration of patent and trademark protection Types of Trademarks for Products Each application for trademark registration is carefully examined by the USPTO. There are five different filing bases utilized. International Registration Foreign Registration Intent of Use *Foreign Application When an application is approved, it is registered on the Supplemental Register or Principal Register. This will depend on if the trademark meets the standards and appropriate criteria for distinctiveness. The goods and services distributed using interstate commerce and governed by the federal system can also be protected using some state-level registration systems. Certain qualified individuals are permitted to practice before the USPTO. These people can file trademark and patent applications for companies and people. Their work would also involve completing all aspects of trademark and patent applications. They will be able to participate in certain proceedings before the PTO examiners, boards, and examining attorneys. These proceedings include administrative appeals and more. Unrepresented Inventor A business or individual can file a patent application without representation. They could do this on their own. Should it seem to a patent examiner that the unrepresented business or individual is not familiar with the Patent Office process, they may suggest obtaining legal representation. The USPTO does not recommend a specific attorney. The USPTO works to make certain that no other party is awarded a federal registration for a similar or identical patent or trademark. The business or individual who owns the registration is responsible for taking any legal action necessary to prevent another party from infringing on their patent or trademark. The USPTO is not intended to work as a police force when it comes to the uses of patents or trademarks. For more information about the Patent and Trademark Office at Karma Product Development Please call us at +1-877-650-8890.
TESOL Jobs Uzbekistan Namangan Check out tefl tesol about TESOL Jobs Uzbekistan Namangan and apply today to be certified to teach English abroad. You could also be interested in: This was a very helpful unit that thoroughly explained managing a classroom. Some of it was rather obvious and based on simple social skills like projecting your voice and maintaining eye contact, but this unit really explored how differences in a teachers body language and gestures can have a negative or positive affect on a classroom's environment. The unit explained how important it is to establish a rapport with the students, and to essentially lead by example by never being late and always being well prepared. It is a system based on mutual respect. I also learned a lot about how to discipline a student without shouting or creating a big scene. The best way to do this is to remain calm and focus on the behavior, not the student. There was a lot of good information in this unit that I feel I will certainly use.
Muslims and music are generally considered poles apart. Few people know the part played by Muslims in the development of fine arts, specially music. The contribution of Muslims to the development of theoretical as well as practical music is indeed great and a number of songs and musical instruments adopted by various countries of the world owe their origin to the genius of Muslim musicians. The ‘Mausiqi-al-Kabir’ written by Abu Nasr Farabi, is according to H. G. Farmer, one of the greatest books ever written on music. The influence of this book on Western music has been overwhelming. The Arabian music, according to Farmer, entered Europe via Spain and reached China through Baghdad. The Muslim world can boast of such great musicians as Farabi, Momin, Ishaq Mosli, Zalzal, and Ziryab who have left ineffaceable marks on the pages of the musical history of the world. One of these master artists was Amir Khusrou, a versatile genius who has made lasting contributions to the domains of poetry, music, and mysticism. The enlightened West has co!.sidered all people inhabiting the vast Indo-Pakistan subcontinent as Hindus–hence Indian music has wrongly been taken to be entirely a specialty of the Hindus. Unfortunately, the Western historians being inspired by their Hindu counterparts have not only ignored the cultural, political, and artistic enterprises and achievements of Muslim India but also formed a biased opinion in favor of Hindus. Notwithstanding their stupendous efforts in under-rating the cultural achievements of Muslims, well-known historians and critics such as Sir William James, Lt. Col James Tod, Augustus, W. Hunter, Surendra Mohan Tagore, Anand Kumar Swami, and Prof. Ranade, had to admit, though half-heartedly, the valuable part played by Muslims in the development of Indian music. The Muslims since the time of Amir Khusrou who live in the reign of Alauddin Khilji formed the vanguard of all cultural movements in India and were pioneers in the domains of music. The Musli::1 ruler of India had always been the great patrons of art and culture. Besides Amir Khusrou, who flourished during the days of Khiljis and Tuglılaqs, Tan Sen adorned the Court of the Mughal Emperor Akbar. Jahangir, the cultured Mughal Emperor, had an exceptionally fine taste for music. During his reign, all cultural movements recorded phenomenal advancement. Writing in ‘Ghubar-i-Khatir’ Maulana Abul Kalam Azad says: “The first dynasty which patronized and cultivated music as an art was the Sharqi dynasty of Jaunpore. It was during their reign that ‘Khiyal’ became very popular and replaced ‘Dhrupad’. Roundabout this time, the Nizam Shahi dynasty and the Adil Shahi of Bijapur exhibited a fine taste for music. “Ibrahim Adil Shah”, according to Zahoori, “was a master musician, whose patronage had lighted the lamp of music in each and every house of Bijapur. The romantic land of Malwa during the reign of Baz Bahadur had become the cradle of theoretical as well as practical music”. Amir Khusrou, born in 1253 A.D. at Patiala near Kanauj (U.P.) was a master musician-a man possessing extraordinary abilities and versatile taste. His father, Saifuddin Mahmood, who was among the nobles of Balkh, migrated to India due to devastations wrought by Chengiz Khan in Turkistan. Farishta and Daulat Shah have corroborated the above statement. According to Abul Fazal, the celebrated author of Aeen-i-Akbari and the historian Badayuni, Patiala where Khusrou was born, was a small town on the bank of the Ganges which was also called Mominabad, When Khusrou was born, his father carried his infant son to a ‘Darvesh’ (saint) who blessed him, saying that he would, one day, outmatch Khakani. The father died when Khusrou was only seven. He had a natural taste for music and poetry and had acquired a thorough knowledge of different branches of learning before he was fifteen years old. He died at a ripe age of 71 in 1324 A.C. and lived to enjoy the favor of the five successive Kings of Delhi. Subscribe to Blog via Email Amir Khusrou was a disciple of Hazrat Khwaja Nizamuddin Aulia, the famous saint of Delhi, Hazrat Khwaja had conferred on him the title of ‘Tarkat Allah’. The society of Khwaja Nizamuddin had brought a revolutionary change in the life of Khusrou, who dedicated himself to the service of his great teacher. Once a darvesh begged something from Hazrat Khwaja, who had at the moment nothing to give him. He bade him to see him the next day. That day, too, he had nothing to give him. However he presented him his shoes, Accidentally, the darvesh came across Khusrou outside the city. He enquired the welfare of his master from the darvesh, saying, “I find a token of my saint with you, would you like to sell it ?” The darvesh consented to sell the shoes to Khusrou at half a million Tankas, which he had been awarded for a poem by the king. Placing the shoes upon his head he appeared before Hazrat Khwaja Nizamuddin and said, “The darvesh was contented with the price paid to him for the shoes, otherwise if he had demanded my entire property and even my life, I would have readily given him”. Hazrat Khwaja Nizamuddin, too, deeply loved Khusrou. He used to say, “If God would enquire on the Day of Judgement as to what I have brought, I would present Khusrou”. Khusrou was in Bengal when Hazrat Khwaja died in Delhi. On hearing the sad news, he distributed his entire wealth among the poor and hurried to Delhi, Seeing the grave of his teacher he cried out convulsively, “O God! The Sun has gone down the earth and Khusrou is still alive.” Thereafter, he became a recluse and died within six months of the passing away of his spiritual teacher. Khusrou was a great intellectual wizard-the greatest intellectual luminary that had shone so resplendently on the literary firmament of Muslim India. He has left behind him immortal achievements in the fields of poetry and music, mysticism and politics. In 686 A.H., Sultan Balban died and contrary to his will, his drunkard grandson Kaikobad, was installed on the throne of Delhi. A clash between Kaikobad and his father Bughara Khan which seemed imminent was averted at the last moment. Khusrou described the whole incident in a long poem called Qaranus Sadain. The Slave dynasty was soon replaced by the Khiljis. Jalaluddin Khilji who was a well-known patron of learned men, selected Khusrou as one of his trusted companions. Khusrou had given poetic form to Jalaluddin’s conquests and named it as Tajul Futuh. Alauddin Khilji who succeeded his uncle was one of the greatest rulers that Muslim India has produced. He conquered almost the whole of Southern India. He held Khusrou in great esteem. The poet described the military exploits of Alauddin Khilji in his well-known work Khazain ul Futuh (The Treasure of Conquests). When Khusrou’s mother and brother Hissamuddin passed away in 698 A.H., he wrote a touching elegy entitled Laila Majnoon. A Mathnavi (long poem) which he wrote in 701 A.H. was Hasht Bahisht (The eight paradises). He was awarded an elephant load of silver coins by King Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah for his Mathnavi Neh Sipahr (Nine skies) which he completed in 718 A.H. The weak and lingering Khilji dynasty was replaced by the Tughlaqs. Ghyasuddin Tughlaq, the first king of this dynasty, was a great admirer of Khusrou, who in his Tughlaq Nama wrote an elaborate history of the period. Jami in his Nafhat ul Uns has given a list of 92 books written by Khusrou. According to the poet’s own statement, he composed about half a million verses. Ohdi in his Urfat writes that Khusrou has left behind more verses in Hindi than in Persian. In his celebrated work Matla-e-Anwar, he has dealt with the intricacies of mysticism. His Aejaz-i-Khusravi in three volumes deals with the principles of prose writing. The detailed history of Delhi is found in his Manaqib Hind. As a poet, Khusrou occupies a high place in the galaxy of Persian poets. He is a master of different forms of Persian poetry. Usually, certain poets have attained the height of fame in particular forms of Persian poetry, Firdausi and Nizami are on the top in Mathnavi, Anwari and Khaqani are known for their panegyrics, Hafiz and Saadi are famous for their lyrics-but Khusrou has scaled considerable heights in all these forms of Persian poetry. He was enormously productive. Daulat Shah credits him with nearly half a million verses. Of these, Mirza Baysunqur after ceaseless efforts succeeded in collecting l, but having subsequently discovered 2,000 more from his lyrics; he concluded that it would be very difficult for him to collect the complete work of the poet, and gave up the idea forever. Amir Khusrou was conversant with several languages, including Persian, Turkish, Arabic, Hindi and Sanskrit and has left his works in most of these languages. His verses in Hindustani language except those found in Khaliq Bari are non-extant. This subcontinent has hardly produced such a versatile genius as Khusrou. Khusrou, was, undoubtedly, the greatest musician that medieval India produced. He won the title of Nayak which none could get after him during the last 629 years. He wrote enchanting songs and composed many new ones in place of dhrupad which acquired great popularity even during his lifetime. He also invented a new type of sitar. He enriched Indian music through his compositions and innovations of Khival, Kaul Kalbana, Zelf, Ghaza, Kedar and Tarana. Sazgiri and Khiyal composed by him formed the culmination of his achievements which have earned an outstanding place in the domain of Indian music. Professor Ranade writes in his book Indian Music: “At the close of the 13th century when Muslims conquered Deccan by overthrowing the Devagiri Ruler, Islamic music began to influence the Indian Music. The originator of new trends in the North Indian music was Amir Khusrou whose keen sense enabled him to raise it to a high degree of perfection.” According to the latest historical researches, too, the originator of the new type of music in Northern India was Amir Khusrou, who, not only found new avenues but also developed it to a high standard. Even after a lapse of more than 600 years, he is considered an authority on diverse branches of theoretical and practical music. During his time, there was one Nayak Gopal who had 1,200 disciples, and who carried their master seated on a wooden chair from place to place on their shoulders. The fame of Nayak Gopal reached Sultan Alauddin Khilji. He was summoned by the King. The Nayak gave a display of his music in six different meetings. In the seventh, Khusrou too, participated. Nayak was also aware of the greatness of Khusrou in Indian music. He requested the Amir to give the performance of his vocal music. The Amir replied that since he was a Turk, he was not much conversant with Indian music. When Nayak sang a song. Khusrou said that he himself was the composer of that song and he sang it in a far better way emphasizing all its peculiarities. Whatever Gopal sang, Khusrou repeated it in a much better manner. In the end, Khusrou added whatever performance of vocal music was given by Gopal was of ordinary class. Thereafter he gave a performance of his typical songs, which simply charmed Nayak Gopal and he became a disciple of Khusrou. Khusrou who being master of both Persian and Hindustani music had created a pleasant mixture by intermingling both. Muhammad Husain Azad writes in Abi Hayat: “Amir Khusrou possessed much originality of approach. He had a special aptitude for music. He invented Khiyal, Kaul, and Kalbana which easily replaced Dhurpad and became exceedingly popular throughout India.” Writing in Ghubar-i-Khatir Maulana Abul Kalaam Azad says: “The birth of such a great musician as Amir Khusrou in India during the 7th century A.H. proved beyond doubt that Muslims acquired a hold over Indian music. The innovation of such immortal songs as Sazgiri, Uljan and Khiyal by Amir Khusrou has earned for him an outstanding place in the history of Indian classical music”. According to the celebrated musician Hakim Muhammad Akram Khan, the author of Maadan Mausiqi (The Treasure of Music), “Amir Khusrou was considered Nayak of his time. He invented seventeen tunes of Dholak, and is looked upon as the originator of Purbi Rag (Eastern Tune) which was the favorite of Hazrat Nizamuddin Aulia”. Writing in his well-known book, The Life and Works of Amir Khusrou, Mirza Mahmood Ahmed says: “The natural inclination which Amir had for music pervades all his writings. The originality inherent in his nature revolted against the dogmatism of the traditional school of Indian music. There had not been a greater artist in the history of classical music of India”. Herbert A. Poplay pays glowing tribute to the genius of Amir Khusrou when he acknowledges in his celebrated work, Music of India that Amir Khusrou was not only a renowned poet and musician but also a great soldier and statesman. Once Amir Khusrou called on a Sufi Saint. At the door, he was stopped by the Durban (doorman) who would not let him in without the permission of the Saint. This very much offended and angered Amir Khusrou who, on the spur of the moment, wrote on a scrap of paper the following hemistich extemporaneously: A dervish requires no doorman. The doorman delivered it to the Saint who instantaneously added to it the following hemistich: (There should be (posted) one, so that no worldly dog may intrude). This evoked a sardonic chuckle from Amir Khusrou and, at the same time, amused him. He was forthwith admitted to the presence of the Saint. It is said that on one occasion a few guests who came to dine with Amir Khusrou, were not inclined to leave long after the dinner was over. He began to be bored by their prolonged presence and wanted them to quit. Meanwhile, the kettle-drum sounded near the midnight hour. Thereupon, satirically addressing the guests, he asked if they knew what it implied and before any one of them could reply, he laughingly observed that the kettle-drum said it was time for them to depart. Simultaneously, he recited the following couplet composed impromptu in Persian chiming with the number of hours struck by the kettle-drum: Since you have done with supping, you (had better) Leave for home, now, leave for home, Leave for home, leave for home, leave for home,- I haven’t mortgaged to you my house, I haven’t mortgaged to you my house, I haven’t mortgaged to you my house. Subscribe to brighten your future Leave a Reply
How to Use Essential Oils Topically Updated: Sep 16 What are essential oils and how can we best utilize them? To answer these questions, we must explore where they originate and how they interact with our bodies. Where Essential Oils Come From Essential oils are sourced directly from medicinal plants; they are made in special cells, usually under the leaves, bark, or peel. Each essential oil has a different composition that affects how they are absorbed and used by the body. Even oils from different plants within the same species have minute differences in their chemical structure. The oils are distilled by either steam or pressure and are collected for use. For reference, it requires approximately 220 pounds of the lavender flower to create one pound of lavender essential oil. How They Are Absorbed into Our Skin We don’t usually think about it this way, but our skin is the largest organ in our body. It forms a barrier between us and the outside world and is our first line of defense, however it is not impervious. The Dalton is the standard unit of measurement for atomic mass. If the molecular weight is under 500 Dalton, it can freely pass through the top-most layer of skin. Essential oils easily pass into our bodies because they are far below that mark. However due to the volatile properties of essential oils, they can evaporate quickly, so they are blended with carrier oils to protect from evaporation and to prevent skin irritation from its high level of concentration. Essential oils pass through the body’s lipophilic (oil loving) and hydrophilic (water loving) layers due to its nature of having an affinity to both. Benefits of Essential Oils Different people have different strengths and abilities. Similarly, different plants have different beneficial properties that may help bring balance to the mind, body, and spirit. When you inhale or topically apply essential oils made from medicinal plants, your body can absorb them to utilize their unique beneficial properties. How to Apply Before applying directly to skin, make sure the essential oils you are using are diluted properly, typically in the range of 1-5%. Thinner oils (fractionated coconut, sweet almond, or grapeseed oils) will be easier to absorb by the body than more viscous oils (olive or avocado oils). For topical use: • Apply to large surface areas to allow for more absorption into the bloodstream. • Apply directly to areas experiencing pain or irritation • Apply to pressure points (i.e. wrists, jawline, and temples) • Apply to areas with thinner skin such as the palms of your feet or hands. You can apply an oil to your feet before bed and cover with your favorite socks to prevent evaporation and promote absorption. • Apply the oils to the areas you hold stress in your body (If you do not know where you hold your stress, find a nice, quiet place to meditate and focus on your body. Start to scan from your feet slowly up to the top of your head and listen when your body tenses or can’t relax.) • Add a few drops to a bath, preferably with Epsom salts.The heat will allow the oil to absorb easier and the magnesium from the salts will relax the body The Original Oil Shop At the Original Oil Shop, we have options so our customers can determine what works best for them. We carry both full strength blends and oils that are pre-diluted with a carrier oil in a roll-on bottle (we mostly use fractionated coconut, hemp seed, and arnica oils). The full strength bottles allow for more flexibility; you can combine it with an oil or lotion of your choice, use it in diffusers, apply drops to your vacuum filter, or use in a spray bottle to spritz on your clothes to smell fresh. Roll-ons come pre-diluted so you can apply them directly to your skin anywhere, anytime. Dallmeier, Lorraine. “Can Essential Oils Get into Your Bloodstream?” Herb & Hedgerow, 26 Aug. 2018, “Essential Oils - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health.” Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 7 Aug. 2018,
Shortness of breath Shortness of breath • Dyspnea: /dɪspˈniːə/ Differential diagnosis Acute coronary syndrome Acute coronary syndrome frequently presents with retrosternal chest discomfort and difficulty catching the breath.[2] It however may atypically present with shortness of breath alone.[13] Risk factors include old age, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes.[13] An electrocardiogram and cardiac enzymes are important both for diagnosis and directing treatment.[13] Treatment involves measures to decrease the oxygen requirement of the heart and efforts to increase blood flow.[2] Congestive heart failure Congestive heart failure frequently presents with shortness of breath with exertion, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.[2] It affects between 1–2% of the general United States population and occurs in 10% of those over 65 years old.[2][13] Risk factors for acute decompensation include high dietary salt intake, medication noncompliance, cardiac ischemia, dysrhythmias, renal failure, pulmonary emboli, hypertension, and infections.[13] Treatment efforts are directed towards decreasing lung congestion.[2] Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Severity and prognosis of pneumonia can be estimated from CURB65, where C=Confusion, U= Uremia (>7), R=Respiratory rate >30, B= BP<90, 65= Age>65. Pulmonary embolism Other important or common causes of shortness of breath include cardiac tamponade, anaphylaxis, interstitial lung disease, panic attacks,[5][11][15] and pulmonary hypertension. Cardiac tamponade presents with dyspnea, tachycardia, elevated jugular venous pressure, and pulsus paradoxus.[15] The gold standard for diagnosis is ultrasound.[15] Anaphylaxis typically begins over a few minutes in a person with a previous history of the same.[5] Other symptoms include urticaria, throat swelling, and gastrointestinal upset.[5] The primary treatment is epinephrine.[5] Interstitial lung disease presents with gradual onset of shortness of breath typically with a history of a predisposing environmental exposure.[11] Shortness of breath is often the only symptom in those with tachydysrhythmias.[13] Panic attacks typically present with hyperventilation, sweating, and numbness.[5] They are however a diagnosis of exclusion.[11] Around 2/3 of women experience shortness of breath as a part of a normal pregnancy.[8] Neurological conditions such as spinal cord injury, phrenic nerve injuries, Guillain–Barré syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis and muscular dystrophy can all cause an individual to experience shortness of breath.[10] Shortness of breath can also occur as a result of vocal cord dysfunction (VCD).[16] mMRC breathlessness scale Grade Degree of dyspnea 0 no dyspnea except with strenuous exercise 1 dyspnea when walking up an incline or hurrying on the level 3 stops after a few minutes of walking on the level A number of scales may be used to quantify the degree of shortness of breath.[18] It may be subjectively rated on a scale from 1 to 10 with descriptors associated with the number (The Modified Borg Scale).[18] Alternatively a scale such as the MRC breathlessness scale might be used – it suggests five grades of dyspnea based on the circumstances in which it arises.[19] Blood tests A chest x-ray is useful to confirm or rule out a pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, or pneumonia.[13] Spiral computed tomography with intravenous radiocontrast is the imaging study of choice to evaluate for pulmonary embolism.[13] Individuals can benefit from a variety of physical therapy interventions.[21] Persons with neurological/neuromuscular abnormalities may have breathing difficulties due to weak or paralyzed intercostal, abdominal and/or other muscles needed for ventilation.[22] Some physical therapy interventions for this population include active assisted cough techniques,[23] volume augmentation such as breath stacking,[24] education about body position and ventilation patterns[25] and movement strategies to facilitate breathing.[24] Pulmonary rehabilitation may alleviate symptoms in some people, such as those with COPD, but will not cure the underlying disease.[26][27] Fan therapy to the face has been shown to relieve shortness of breath in patients with a variety of advanced illnesses including cancer. [28] The mechanism of action is thought to be stimulation of the trigeminal nerve. Palliative medicine Systemic immediate release opioids are beneficial in emergently reducing the symptom of shortness of breath due to both cancer and non cancer causes;[3][29] long-acting/sustained-release opioids are also used to prevent/continue treatment of dyspnea in palliative setting. There is a lack of evidence to recommend midazolam, nebulised opioids, the use of gas mixtures, or cognitive-behavioral therapy.[30] Shortness of breath is the primary reason 3.5% of people present to the emergency department in the United States. Of these individuals, approximately 51% are admitted to the hospital and 13% are dead within a year.[31] Some studies have suggested that up to 27% of people suffer from dyspnea,[32] while in dying patients 75% will experience it.[17] Acute shortness of breath is the most common reason people requiring palliative care visit an emergency department.[3] Etymology and pronunciation Group Term Combining forms Preponderance of transcriptions (major dictionaries) goodeupneaeu- + -pnea/jpˈnə/ yoop-NEE[34][35][33][36] baddyspneadys- + -pnea/dɪspˈnə/ disp-NEE,[35][36][37] /ˈdɪspniə/ DISP-nee-ə[34][33] fasttachypneatachy- + -pnea/ˌtækɪpˈnə/ TAK-ip-NEE[34][35][33][36][37] slowbradypneabrady- + -pnea/ˌbrdɪpˈnə/ BRAY-dip-NEE[35][33][36] uprightorthopneaortho- + -pnea/ɔːrˈθɒpniə/ or-THOP-nee-ə,[35][33][37][34]:audio /ɔːrθəpˈnə/ or-thəp-NEE[33][34]:print supineplatypneaplaty- + -pnea/pləˈtɪpniə/ plə-TIP-nee-ə[34][35] excessivehyperpneahyper- + -pnea/ˌhpərpˈnə/ HY-pərp-NEE[34][35][33][36] insufficienthypopneahypo- + -pnea/hˈpɒpniə/ hy-POP-nee-ə,[34][35][36][37] /ˌhpəpˈnə/ HY-pəp-NEE[33][36] absentapneaa- + -pnea/ˈæpniə/ AP-nee-ə,[34][35][33][36][37]:US /æpˈnə/ ap-NEE[33][36][37]:UK See also 4. Mukerji, Vaskar (1990). "11". Dyspnea, Orthopnea, and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea. Butterworth Publishers. Archived from the original on 27 April 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2014. In addition, dyspnea may occur in febrile and hypoxic states and in association with some psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and panic disorder. 6. American Heart Society (1999). "Dyspnea mechanisms, assessment, and management: a consensus statement". Am Rev Respir Crit Care Med. 159: 321–340. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.159.1.ats898. PMID 9872857. 8. "UpToDate Inc". 10. Frownfelter, Donna; Dean, Elizabeth (2006). "8". In Willy E. Hammon III (eds.). Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physical Therapy. 4. Mosby Elsevier. p. 139.CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link) 12. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-11-16. Retrieved 2012-08-23.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) 21. Frownfelter, Donna; Dean, Elizabeth (2006). "8". In Willy E. Hammon III (eds.). Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physical Therapy. 4. Mosby Elsevier.CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link) 22. Frownfelter, Donna; Dean, Elizabeth (2006). "22". In Donna Frownfelter and Mary Massery (eds.). Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physical Therapy. 4. Mosby Elsevier. p. 368.CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link) 23. Frownfelter, Donna; Dean, Elizabeth (2006). "22". In Donna Frownfelter and Mary Massery (eds.). Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physical Therapy. 4. Mosby Elsevier. pp. 368–371.CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link) 25. Frownfelter, Donna; Dean, Elizabeth (2006). "23". In Donna Frownfelter and Mary Massery (eds.). Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physical Therapy. 4. Mosby Elsevier.CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link) 33. Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, Merriam-Webster. 34. Elsevier, Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, Elsevier. External resources
What do you call a fossil inside a fossil? Whatever you decide, that is what this thalattosaur inside an ichthyosaur specimen appears to be fossil inside fossil The lump in the middle of this fossil is the remains of this ichthyosaur's final meal. (Ryosuke Motani) With all the prehistoric specimens showcased around the globe, all of the dinosaurs, other ancient reptiles, fish, insects, and mammals on display in museums, it's easy to forget something. Fossils are rare. As in very rare. We even did a whole video about it! So when luck does arrive, and we're fortunate enough to get evidence of an animal that has been dead for hundreds of millions of years, paleontologists tend not to be picky. A couple of scattered bones is all we get? No problem, we'll take it! they say. When experts get really lucky with a fossil, it's a cause for a huge celebration. Case in point? This ultra-rare find of a dead ichthyosaur with its last meal—a thalattosaur—preserved as a fossil inside! Unusual prey An illustration of an ichthyosaur. These animals were very common throughout most of the dinosaur age. (Nobu Tamura/Wikimedia Commons) The reason this 240-million-year-old fossil inside a fossil is a big deal is because this one is so well preserved. And large. Ichthyosaurs were impressive dolphin-like reptiles. They were usually between 2 to 4 metres (7 to 13 feet) long, and this fossil was especially big: 4.8 metres, or nearly 16 feet! But thalattosaurs weren't exactly small either. These prehistoric marine reptiles were like iguanas built for swimming. They could also be as large as 4 metres (13 feet). In other words, these were similar predators. Though these animals would've perhaps gotten into fights over food, researchers have long believed that ichthyosaurs and thalattosaurs would've usually been hunting the same prey, such as smaller fish or squid. Not each other. So what happened? Maybe that was too much food ... This illustration shows the part of the thalattosaur that was eaten and where it was found inside the ichthyosaur. (© Da-Yong Jiang, et al, iScience) The part of the thalattosaur that was inside the ichthyosaur's tummy was just its midsection. The head and tail were missing. And because it was so well-preserved, the ichthyosaur must have died very soon after eating it. (Otherwise, its stomach would've broken down its food.) Interestingly, paleontologists also found another fossil about 25 metres (80 feet) away. A thalattosaur tail. Was this the tail of the same animal that the ichthyosaur ate? And did the ichthyosaur die simply because it ate way too much at once? Researchers noticed that the ichthyosaur's neck vertebrae (neck bones) were damaged. This means that the animal's neck might have been broken trying to kill and swallow such large prey. Probably should've stuck to the squid buffet, Ichy! Wider diet? In the end, even fossils this well preserved and with so many clues still contain a lot of mystery. It's impossible to know exactly how the ichthyosaur died. But what is clear is that ichthyosaurs did not only eat smaller prey. They sometimes fed on animals that were much closer to their own size—this behaviour is known as megapredation. The question researchers have before them is how rare was this type of meal? Was it a one-off that ichthyosaurs only turned to when desperate for food? Or a regular part of their diet? Only the discovery of more fossils like this one can help answer that question. Here's hoping there's another fossil inside a fossil out there! Write a message Tell US what you think The last 10 History articles
PI: Eran Ben-Elia Researchers: Ido Klein, Nadav Levy, Funding: ISF Individual Grant 701/2014 2014-2017 Are we doomed to remain in a perpetual state of traffic congestion on urban roads? Till recently, without resorting to tolls and charges this seemed impossible. Advances in information and communication technologies (ICTs) allow us to consider an alternative approach based on cooperation. In this research we investigate if individual drivers are willing to cooperate on the use of the road network and share the available routes fairly. The idea is that cooperation can lead to a better traffic state where none of the routes are overloaded compared to the current state where shorter routes are much more congested and the overall time spent by drivers is high. But how can this be accomplished when drivers today behave in a selfish manner disregarding their impact on other drivers travel time? One possibility is to use different types of information that by trial and error through a dynamic reinforced learning process drivers will accept fair route suggestions. Another option is to use incentives that persuade drivers to comply with route guidance. The research is conducted in the lab using game-based experiments where a group of participants plays a game on the computer and different route-guidance is explored and compared. The data obtained from the games will allow estimating a behavioral model. This model will then be applied in an agent-based model for simulating traffic dynamics and testing different scenarios. If cooperation-based mechanisms work we believe they could be implemented in the near future with the expected emergence of Internet of Things and autonomous driverless and connected vehicles. Agent-Based Model (ABM)- transportation simulation of drivers cooperation. By Dr. Nadav Levy: MATSim visualization of car traffic for Tel-Aviv, Israel:
La gestion démographique du gibier et des animaux nuisibles dans les domaines royaux de chasse en Piémont au XVIIIe siècle fr Anthropozoologica 31 - Pages 137-146 Published on 01 December 2000 This article is a part of the thematic issue Animal management and demography through the ages Management of game and predators in the royal hunting parks in Piedmont in the 18th century In the XVII and XVIII centuries the plain between the river Pô and the torrent nameil Cervo functioned as an extensive game-reserve, Only the Princes of Savoy were allowed to make use of it, either for hunting and shooting. The red deer was the Sovereigns' favourite game; every hunting season about twenty individuals were taken off. The deer were fed in winter and they were defended from poachers by the "Dragoni guardacaccia". The menagement of the major game, such as the deer, partridges and pheasants - many of which were bred at the pheasant-house - also needed in those days protection from predators. Eventually, the tame dogs of private citizens were prevented from moving freely in the royal game-reserve: they had to were a stick fastened to their collar, long enough to prevent them from pursuing the game. Keywords : Piedmont, Hunting, Red deer, Predators. Download full article in PDF format
by Callyourmechanic 0 comment Engine Seizure Engine seizure is the locking up of engine. When the engine of a car seizes, the engine will not turn and the car will not start. Engine can seize while in motion or stationary. Sure way to confirm that an engine has seized is to try turning the crankshaft. If the crankshaft turns, the engine has not fully locked up or not seized at all but if it doesn’t turn, it means the engine has seized completely. Engine can seize to the extent that cost of repair could be as much as replacing another engine. In that case, it will be advisable to replace the engine instead of repairing. Is your car not starting and you think the engine has seized? Please, log on to www.callyourmechanic.com and call a mechanic to help check it out for you. Causes Of Engine Seizure Common Causes Are: 1. Low engine oil level: leaks of engine oil could make the oil level go low to the extent of seizing the engine, especially if the driver did not notice the leakage. It is advisable to always check all the fluids in the vehicle to see they are at good level before driving. 2. Oil sludge: Oil sludge is the gel-like substance formed in the engine as a result of irregular engine servicing. These substances have the capacity to block the oil pump. When the oil pump cannot pump oil to circulate the engine, tear and wear will set in and will eventually seize the engine. Apart from this, sludge formation in an engine causes a lot of harm. For instance, it damages sensors like OCV (Oil control valve) sensor and the rest. It also affects camshafts. In summary, oil sludge is an enemy to car engine. Service your car regularly according to manufacturer’s specification to avoid sludge forming in the engine. 3. Oil pump failure: oil pump can fail resulting in engine seizure. Other Causes Include: Overheating: When engine overheats for a period of time, there will be excessive expansion of engine components, causing friction, tear and wear and thereby damaging the engine. For example, piston could expand excessively and damage the cylinder wall, eventually seizes the engine. Water in the engine: Water is incompressible and when it gets to the combustion chamber of the engine, the piston will not be able to compress it, resulting in bent connecting rods or even bursts piston and engine block. This situation is called hydrolocked engine. Water usually gets into the engine when a car is driven on water flooded road. Damage will be less if the car is on low RPM (revolution per minute) but if the RPM is high during passing the flood, damage will be more. The damage could lead to engine replacement. I advise not drive your car in flood. Water can get into the engine through the air hoses. But if you do not have option, then drive at low RPM (AT YOUR RISK ANYWAY) Related Posts Leave a Comment
Why Fiber? What do we know about fiber? There has to be more of a benefit than the fact that it helps you go number 2, right? While this is a well-known health benefit of fiber, there are indeed several other benefits to eating a fiber rich diet, such as helping to maintain a healthy appetite and aiding in the avoidance of some cancers, heart disease, and diabetes. Not to mention the fact that fiber comes from plants such as beans, grains, fruits, and vegetables and therefore contains little to no calories. There are two different types of fiber, soluble and insoluble fiber. Shall we break it down? Soluble Fiber: Soluble fiber is made of polysaccharides and dissolves in water. Therefore, soluble fiber forms a gel when mixed with liquids. It can be found in: • Oats/bran • Nuts • Flaxseed • Fruits such as oranges and apples • Vegetables such as carrots • Psyllium husk Insoluble Fiber: Insoluble fiber is largely made up of plant cell walls and is not dissolvable in water. Therefore, it remains relatively intact when passing through the intestines. It can be found in: • Dark leafy green vegetables • Whole-wheat products • Seeds and nuts • Fruit skin • Root vegetable skins Most fiber rich foods contain both soluble and insoluble fiber so there is no need to fret about which fiber you are getting in your diet. When choosing foods, just make sure they have dietary fiber in general since both types can provide many fantastic benefits such as: Maintaining a Healthy Appetite: Fiber can actually help to curb your appetite for several different reasons: 1. Because fibrous foods take a bit longer to chew to comfortable swallow size (think celery), it tends to slow the eater down. Slowing down gives your mind and body time to synch up and realize, “Okay, I’ve had enough…I’m full now.” When we eat fast, we tend to overeat before our mind can tell our stomach to lay off the food. 2. High fiber foods tend to absorb a lot of water. Just like a scrunched up paper straw wrapper, when water fills it, it expands. (Oh come one, like you’ve never done the straw wrapper snake trick before)! Because of this absorption and expansion, it fills room in your tummy causing you to feel full for longer periods of time. This means you won’t eat more meals than your body actually required calorie wise. Helping Diabetics: Fiber itself is a form of carbohydrate that does not actually get broken down in the body. For this reason, it has no caloric intake. In fact, fiber (especially soluble fiber) acts in a similar manner as foods with a low glycemic index, causing it to have little effect on blood glucose level. In fact, fiber actually helps to control blood sugar levels. So how does this help? Fiber rich foods are great for satiating the appetite without spiking the blood sugar. Note: Remember, fiber is different from simple carbs. When picking out foods such as bread, be sure to make sure it is high in dietary fiber. Otherwise, you will be consuming simple carbs that will be sure to spike your blood sugar! Preventing Heart Disease: Soluble fiber has been shown to lower blood cholesterol in the body. The processes is rather scientific but in short, (very short), fiber slows the absorption of bile in the intestines. In response, the liver uses cholesterol to produce more bile salts to make up for this slowing down of absorption. The end result, LDL cholesterol is pulled from the blood. Aids in Digestion: Yes, we all know fiber aids in digestion. Fiber helps to keep stool soft so it requires less effort to use the restroom. This means no hemorrhoids. Moral of the story? Maintaining a fiber rich diet means maintaining a healthy weight, healthy heart, healthy digestive system, and several other benefits! Now I’m not saying make sure you eat a fiber only diet, just make sure you get plenty of fiber in your overall diet. About Dish Out The Skinny This entry was posted in Nutrition Facts and Tips and tagged , , , , . Bookmark the permalink. Suggestions? Comments? Let me know! WordPress.com Logo Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
Plague Era Wine Windows Are Opening Back Up in Italy Many people have become more than a little stir crazy over the past 6 months of self isolation and the closure of most shops, bars, and restaurants. In some areas limited re-openings have meant a small return to normalcy. But, there is a lot of concern about the safety of food service workers during these re-openings and in Italy they’ve turned to the old ways to help out in this scenario: wine windows from the plague era. In some cities during the Renaissance period small windows or doors were built into the walls of buildings at the street level. Known as buchette del vino (or wine windows), these pass-throughs allowed customers to be served wine while reducing the contact between server and customer. Even before they knew exactly how diseases were spread they knew that the plague was contracted when people were around each other in close proximity. To minimize the spread of the bubonic plague these little portals made sure that people had as little contact as possible. Some of the wine windows have pointed arches like Gothic church windows, while others have a more rounded shape or are square. Despite the somewhat morbid purpose, these windows are visually very interesting. Some might even say they’re cute. And, with coronavirus on the loose the windows are being used once more for their original purpose, as owners re-open these nearly 400-year-old passages. The little windows have been a dwindling architectural detail with a small, but dedicated following. On the site of the Buchette del Vino Cultural Association curators maintain a list of wine windows across Italy and tell about the history of the “little holes” as they are also called. Up until they were recently deemed useful once again the little holes were considered curious relics of another age and were mapped out for people to visit. The site also has photos of old wine windows that have been covered up, but which still show their outlines as plain as day. Rather than glasses of wine, in the 1600s the wine windows served small flasks of wine to customers. Or they sometimes filled customers’ own flasks through a long straw-like device and customers would have held up their containers for the ultimate in refill service. Today, glasses of wine, disposable cups of coffee, pints of ice cream, cocktails, sandwiches, and other drinks and snacks are served through these ingenious portals. You could call them the original drive-thru windows, but created in a time when most people traveled on foot. In Italy’s piazzas, where cars are not permitted, these old wine windows serve pedestrians looking to enjoy a glass of wine at an outdoor seating area or to enjoy some take out for later. The wine windows serve just as well now as they did back when a different plague swept across the world.
Roll With The Punches 1. To tolerate or ‘roll’ with the hardships one may unexpectedly run into. 2. It can also refer to a boxing term that means to position, or move one’s body or head in such a way so as to decrease the force of impact of the opponent’s incoming punches. Example: I just lost my job, one that I’ve had for years! Now when I wake up in the morning, it feels weird not having to go to work. Finding another job will not be easy, but I’ll just have to roll with the punches and try my best. Synonyms / Related Phrases: Tough it out Roll with the punches idiom, boxer knock out This saying comes from boxing, where a boxer can “roll” with a punch by moving his body and head in certain ways. The Origin Of ‘Rolling With The Punches’ This phrase is believed to originate with boxing, where ‘rolling with the punches’ was, and still is, a boxing term. The term is used to explain how boxers will often angle themselves in certain ways to help lessen the impact of incoming strikes. For instance, if an opponent throws a left punch, a boxer can ‘roll’ with it by moving his body and head backwards and to the left. As a result, even if the punch lands, it won’t be quite as damaging as a full contact strike. The earliest quote that I could find of this phrase is from the early 20th century. This example is from a newspaper called The Boston Daily Globe, 1903. The expression is used in connection with boxing, which is unsurprising given that it came from this sport. Anyways, in a part of the newspaper, a summary is given of a recent sparring match, and it reads: “He repeated the blow a few seconds later and also clubbed Johnson on the cheek . . . Johnson allowed his head to roll with the punches and was not hurt. Johnson’s round.” While the phrase remains as a boxing term today, it has also developed a figurative meaning that’s used outside the context of boxing Example Sentence(s) 1. Taylor’s car broke down on his way to work, so he had no choice but to roll with the punches and call a taxi, even though it meant he’d show up late. Note: Know Your Phrase has the meanings for numerous common phrases and sayings and even the origins for them too! However, did you know that the origins for a lot of expressions are not clear? So when it is unclear where an expression originates from, what you’ll see instead is a theory about how a phrase came to be. If no theory is listed, then usually a quote will included on the idiom’s page. These quotes are generally the oldest known citations of the idiom being used in writing. Anyways, if you have one in particular that you’re looking for, feel free to use the alphabetical list to find it. If you are unable to find it, maybe come back another time, as more expressions are being added. Sharing is caring!
Visit Yellowstone National Park Yellowstone is a national park in Wyoming, Montana and Idaho, which was established in 1872 by President Ulysses S Grant. It is especially known for its geothermal features such as the Old Faithful Geyser and its great variety of wildlife. Travelling to Yellowstone Before leaving home, remember that a travel visa is required to enter the United States. However, there is now another option aside from the usual route of going to the embassy in London, ESTA Visa. This is an online process that allows travellers from UK and all other participating countries under Visa Waiver Program to get to the US for up to 90 days at a time. For more information and an application visit . There are no airports directly near the park but the commonly used airport to travel there is Jackson Hole Airport. From there the park can be travelled to via one of five entrances depending on which part you want to stay at. Camping Spots There are 12 camping grounds in Yellowstone and seven of them are operate by the National Park Service. The camps offer a variety of facilities and sites to see within a short distance. Some examples including Grant Village Campground which is at the south-west edge of Yellowstone Lake and within ½ mile has stores and restaurants as well as pay showers and a coin laundry. Madison Campground is a centrally site location 14 miles from the West Yellowstone entrance and just 16 miles north of Old Faithful, sitting near the junction of three rivers, the Gibbon, Madison and Firehole. What to See in Yellowstone Over half the geothermal features on the planet are within the boundaries of the park including geysers, hot springs and mud spots. The 300 geysers make up two-thirds of all of those found on Earth. All of this is due to the underlying magma body beneath the park and the amazing amount of heat it generates. Added to this is the water which comes from the Yellowstone Plateau and when the two meets, the geothermal features are created. The park is part of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, which is one of the large remaining intact temperate zone ecosystems and had amazing wildlife. There are 67 different species of mammal that call the park home including grizzly and black bears, grey wolves and lynx. There are elk, mule deer, bison and moose as well as different types of sheep and introduced mountain goats. Bird watching at the park has a history going back to 1872 and 330 species have been recorded in that time, with 148 known to nest there. This is due to the diversity of habitats found in the park and the changes in elevations making suitable homes for such a range of birds. When to Visit Yellowstone Yellowstone can see rapid changes in temperature and conditions so no matter when visiting, be prepared for all eventualities. Summer daytime temperatures around in the 70s and 80s at lower levels while the nights and high elevations can be below freezing and thunderstorms are common. During winter, temperatures range from 0-20 during the day and the lowest ever temperature in winter was -66F with average snow at 150 inches a year. Spring and Fall can see variations from the 30-60sF during the day to below freezing at night and 12 inches of snow in one day is not uncommon. Therefore, when to visit really is a personal choice depending on what a visitor wants to see and experience in their stay. No votes yet. Please wait... %d bloggers like this:
Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikon To advanced search To Karp (External link) Gerda Johanne Helland Grepp Journalist, anti-fascist, feminist Gerda Grepp was the first Scandinavian journalist to report from the Spanish Civil War in 1936. She wrote for the Nordic workers’ movement newspapers, including the Swedish Social-Demokraten. She was a committed anti-fascist, a socialist, and a feminist who focused on civilian populations’ experiences of war. Gerda Grepp was born in Fjøsanger, Norway in 1907. She grew up in Oslo. She was the daughter of Kyrre Grepp, an Arbeiderpartiet politician, and Rachel Grepp, a journalist, feminist, and an activist in the workers’ movement. Although Rachel Grepp’s family origins lay in a wealthy ship-owning family Kyrre and Rachel Grepp were both part of the radical faction within the workers’ party. Kyrre Grepp’s father had been a telegraph worker. From an early age Gerda Grepp would accompany her parents on demonstrations, meeting political figures such as Aleksandra Kollontaj, with whom she formed a warm and lifelong friendship. The letters she wrote to Kollontaj are all signed off with “your daughter Gerda”. The family was hit hard by tuberculosis: Gerda Grepp’s parents had already lost a son to the illness before she was born, and in 1922 Kyrre Grepp died from the illness. Gerda Grepp had been very close to her father and his death hit her hard. In the autumn of 1923, when she was meant to begin high school, Gerda Grepp instead went to live with her maternal grandparents in Fjøsanger. Gerda Grepp began attending the Arbeiderpartiets study association in 1924. Her eyes were opened to the possibility of becoming a journalist and she then read socioeconomics and history. On completing her education she attended a school for housewives in Copenhagen but this was not to her liking. In 1925 Gerda Grepp went to Vienna to live with Angelica Balabanoff, a teacher. Balabanoff was an active socialist who was friends with Gerda Grepp’s parents and with Aleksandra Kollontaj. Gerda Grepp learned German and French from Balabanoff. Indeed, during the 1920s, Balabanoff’s home became a meeting place for Italian communists who had fled the encroaching fascism in Italy. This was how Gerda Grepp met Mario Mascarin, a journalist who later also became a ceramicist. The couple married in Oslo in 1925 and later settled in Lugano, Switzerland, with their son, Olav Kyrre, who had been born in Norway in 1926. Gerda Grepp did not adjust to life in Switzerland, using her time to begin writing short stories and to translate pieces for Vor Tid and Arbeiderbladet. In 1928, whilst in Norway, Gerda Grepp gave birth to her daughter Eugenia Rachel. Gerda Grepp became active in a women’s group and gained a permanent job at Bergen Arbeiderblad newspaper in 1930. That same year her young daughter died of tuberculosis and Gerda Grepp was also diagnosed as suffering from the disease. Two years later, in 1933, Gerda Grepp’s brother, Peter Andreas, died of tuberculosis. That year Gerda Grepp gave birth to her second daughter, Solveig Marie Alexandra, at a hospital in Lugano. After spending time at a sanatorium Gerda Grepp and her daughter travelled to Norway where Gerda Grepp sought a divorce from her husband. In 1936 Gerda Grepp travelled to Barcelona, where she was the first Scandinavian journalist to report on the outbreak of the civil war which followed General Franco’s fascist troops’ attempts at a coup d’état against the popularly-elected republic. Gerda Grepp wrote for the Swedish newspaper, Social-Demokraten, amongst others. She had spent the time prior to this in Zürich and Paris, meeting many other anti-fascists and journalists en route towards Spain. Amongst these people was Egon Erwin Kisch, one of her idols. He believed that it was impossible to be an objective journalist and they both agreed that clear communication was the basis for good journalism. Gerda Grepp thus never sought to hide her anti-fascist leanings when reporting. In 1936 Barcelona was being led by a hopeful left-leaning coalition under the anarchists. Gerda Grepp described her experiences enthusiastically but was keen to get closer to the war front and so she travelled to Madrid. She was once again the first Scandinavian reporter to arrive there and for a long time also one of only two female reporters, the other being the German Ilse Wolff. Gerda Grepp and the other female war correspondents in Spain, such as the American Martha Gellhorn, were groundbreakers. They headed out into the streets and interviewed civilians as bombs fell around them. This was a new type of war journalism as male correspondents tended to report from within the trenches. Gerda Grepp quickly gained a focal position among the journalists whilst the German bombing raids came to be known as “the battle for Madrid”. This was one of the first to target civilian populations and Gerda Grepp as well as the Spanish foreign ministry hoped that support for the republic would be awakened in Sweden and Denmark. Throughout the West people volunteered to help but no official state support was forthcoming. When the Soviet Union became the sole government to respond favourably they inevitably became heroes to many, including Gerda Grepp. In Madrid Gerda Grepp met the American journalist Louis Fischer, who was married, and the two began an open relationship which lasted for the rest of their lives. They travelled and worked together across Spain providing Gerda Grepp with a new network of contacts. In 1937 Gerda Grepp returned to Scandinavia in order to raise awareness for the Spanish cause. She met and became friends with the Spanish ambassador in Sweden, Isabel de Palencia. That year, 1937, Gerda Grepp and her fellow journalist friend Arthur Koestler headed off to Malaga, despite many friends having warned them of the dangers there. They were the last two journalists to flee the city when Franco’s troops besieged the city in February 1937. When Arthur Koestler was captured Gerda Grepp was the last person to report on the final days in the city. Just as in Madrid Gerda Grepp once again foresaw the bloodbath that Franco’s victory would entail. She wrote about Malaga in five reports for various Scandinavian papers. When Arthur Koestler’s wife, Dorothy Ascher asked for her help in discovering what had happened to her husband Gerda Grepp accompanied Ascher to London and participated in a major international conference in support of Spain. The editor of the Norwegian newspaper Arbeiderbladet, Martin Trammæl, and that of the Swedish Social-Demokraten, Zeth Höglund, were also present. At the same time several conferences for various aid groups were also ongoing. Gerda Grepp was the sole representative from Scandinavia to speak at them. Gerda Grepp also tried to determine what had happened to Arthur Koestler. After the war Arthur Koestler turned against the Soviet authorities but in 1937 he had been associated with Comintern and the Soviet news agency Agence Espange. This led Gerda Grepp to work with its leader, Otto Kantz. They had met before, at which point Gerda Grepp had written that “he can be a dangerous man” in a letter to her mother. Despite this initial judgement the pair became good friends and Gerda Grepp hoped to get work through Agence Espange. Arthur Koestler was later released from captivity through a prisoner exchange but by then Gerda Grepp had left London to go to Paris. Gerda Grepp attempted to treat her tuberculosis in France by taking rest and good food at a farm outside of Paris. She required new commissions as she could not make ends meet by selling articles to Scandinavian newspapers and was tied to Agence Espange. At this time many Western journalists were writing for that agency, particularly whilst the European press was often supportive of Franco during the Spanish conflict. Gerda Grepp apparently knew very little of the spying activities which Otto Kantz engaged in. In 1937 Gerda Grepp went to Bilbao in the Basque country. She was excited about the risky time ahead of her, for the first time she would be paid for her travel, accommodation, and she would get a fixed salary. It was here that the bomb raid on the civilian population of Guernica in April 1937 had generated major protests worldwide. In addition to reporting from the front Gerda Grepp was to observe the evacuation of 4,500 women and children to France. Not only did Gerda Grepp report from the trenches and on the state of civilian life, but she also interviewed captured Franco soldiers in an attempt to understand their thoughts. Her many years of experience meant that other journalists often turned to Gerda Grepp when seeking information. The starvation and the suffering that she witnessed took its toll on her already ailing body. On 14 June Gerda Grepp left Bilbao on a vessel full of refugees – it was the only open way out. A few days later Bilbao fell. Gerda Grepp spent the summer in Spain with Louis Fischer before returning to Scandinavia. She was commissioned by both the Norwegian Spanish-aid committee and the Swedish Spanish committee and spent the autumn giving talks, which were always fully subscribed events. The places she spoke at in Sweden included Kiruna, Malmberget, Boliden, Skelleftehamn, Storvik, Arvika, Stockholm and Gothenburg. In November Gerda Grepp and her children moved to Paris. There she wrote articles on prominent French women for the likes of Social-Demokraten. She also served as leader of Scandinavian delegations to Spain. In January 1938 she led a group on a visit to Bilbao. The optimism of 1936 had vanished. The city was still being subjected to daily bombing raids and the various left-leaning groups had fallen into mutual conflicts. Gerda Grepp and her touring group had to seek shelter in a nunnery in the mountains. Gerda Grepp was invited to return and work for the international brigades but once she returned to Paris both she and one of her children fell seriously ill. They had to return to Norway. In 1939 Franco won the fight in Spain and then the Second World War broke out. The non-aggression treaty between the Soviet Union and Germany meant that Gerda Grepp and her friends were left disappointed and confused. Many were forced to flee, or ended up in camps, or were outright executed. Gerda Grepp tried to help friends make their way to Norway but with little success given that Norway ran an exceedingly restrictive refugee policy. That same year she travelled to Sweden in order to write Aleksandra Kollontaj’s biography. They went on long car journeys throughout the country, took walks, and discussed politics, all the while Gerda Grepp carried on working on the book despite being very ill herself. In 1940, as the Soviet Union invaded Finland, Gerda Grepp distanced herself from Stalin’s version of socialism. Gerda Grepp died from tuberculosis at Ullevål hospital in Oslo on 29 August 1940, just a few months after Germany had invaded that country. She never completed the Kollontaj biography. Following Gerda Grepp’s death her mother was arrested by the Germans, although she managed to escape to Sweden. Her brother, Asle, was executed for being in the resistance in February 1945. Michaela Malmberg (Translated by Alexia Grosjean) Published 2020-06-02 Gerda Johanne Helland Grepp,, Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikon (article by Michaela Malmberg), retrieved 2020-10-01. Other Names Married: Mascarin Family Relationships Civil Status: Divorced • Mother: Rachel Grepp • Father: Kyrre Grepp • Brother: Asle Helland Grepp more ... • Yrkesutbildning, Köpenhamn, Danmark: Hushållsskola • Profession: Journalist, bl a Social-Demokraten • Profession: Översättare • Friend: Angelica Balabanoff • Friend: Aleksandra Kollontaj • Friend: Gustav Regler more ... • Birthplace: Bergen, Norge • Oslo, Norge • Köpenhamn, Danmark more ... Further References • Moen Jo Stein & Sæther, Rolf, Tusen dager: Norge og den spanske borgerkrig 1936-1939, Gyldendal, [Oslo], 2009 Gerda Grepp flanked by Nordahl Grieg (left) and Ludwig Renn (right), 1937. Photographer unknown (Deutsches Bundesarchiv, 183-17036-0005) 20th century Journalists
Created by Materia for OpenMind Recommended by Materia Start William Hamilton: the mathematical vandal who invented a board game 19 August 2019 William Hamilton: the mathematical vandal who invented a board game Estimated reading time Time 3 to read Although William Rowan Hamilton of Dublin (1805-1865) is considered the most important Irish mathematician, the two best-known episodes of his life —and perhaps also of his work— are an act of vandalism and the invention of a mathematical puzzle or brainteaser, christened the “Icosian Game“. This month we pay tribute to him by presenting a series of puzzles based on his work: Brainteaser 1: We begin with the original: Trace a route that begins and ends at the same point after passing through each and every one of the vertexes of the dodecahedron only once. BBVA-OpenMind-Materia-pasatiempo-hamilton 1 y 2 His act of vandalism in Dublin William Hamilton’s act of vandalism (mathematical, but in the end vandalism) occurred on October 16, 1843 —when he was already a knight of the Empire. That afternoon, the mathematician was walking with his wife on the Royal Dublin Canal, on his way to a meeting of the Royal Irish Academy, which he presided over. Hamilton was concentrating on his world, ruminating on a problem he had been working on for some time: giving shape to quaternions, the equivalent or extension of complex numbers in a tetradimensional vector space. Just as they were passing in front of the Broome Bridge and as Hamilton himself would later write, “an electrical circuit seemed to close in my brain and made a spark jump”… igniting an idea, upon which Hamilton —caught up in the excitement and in order to retain that moment of inspiration— could not resist the impulse to carve into one of the stones of the bridge the formula of quaternions (i2 = j2 = k2 = i j k = -1). This would end up being his great contribution to mathematics. BBVA-OpenMind-Materia-Pasatiempo-Hamilton 2 Commemorative plaque on the Broome Bridge. Credit: William Murphy The questionable event passed definitively to posterity and became a sort of mathematical legend when in 1958 the Royal Irish Academy erected a commemorative plaque on the bridge, which has since become a place of pilgrimage and/or obligatory visit for mathematicians and science nerds in general. A voyage around the world Making up for that act vandalism, in 1857 Hamilton’s good deed was to create the “Icosian Game”. To claim that he invented this puzzle is controversial, since equivalent problems and puzzles had already been posed long before; but what is certain is that Hamilton’s formulation generalised the definitions of a Hamiltonian path (the route that on a graph passes through each vertex only once) and a Hamiltonian cycle or circuit (a closed loop in which the first and last vertex visited are adjacent). BBVA-OpenMind-Materia-Pasatiempo-Hamilton 3 The “Icosian Game”. Credit: Royal Irish Academy Library Hamilton was also a pioneer when it came to commercialising the concept, after converting it into a board game called A Voyage Around the World. His game was played on a board with the flat representation or projection of the dodecahedron and where each vertex represented a city of the world. The challenge consisted of trying to make a Hamiltonian path that would start and end in two predetermined cities chosen by another player, as in this second example: Brainteaser 2: Complete A Voyage Around the World that, starting in New York (N) and ending in the Austrian town of Innsbruck (I), follows a Hamiltonian path. BBVA-OpenMind-Materia-pasatiempo-hamilton 1 y 2 A new logical labyrinth The game turned out to be a commercial flop, perhaps because it was too easy even for children. It would take a century and a half before interest in the “Icosian game” and Hamiltonian paths was revived. Based on them, in 2009 Erich Friedman created a new type of logical labyrinth: the “Hamiltonian mazes“, in which the objective is to find the only possible Hamiltonian cycle in a given graph. We close this month’s challenge with two of those puzzles, more complicated than those originally devised by Hamilton: Brainteaser 3: Find the Hamiltonian cycle in this labyrinth, in other words, the loop that passes through each point only once. BBVA-OpenMind-Materia-Hamilton-Pasatiempo 3 Brainteaser 4: Another Hamiltonian logic labyrinth in which the challenge is, again, to find the only Hamiltonian circuit possible. BBVA-OpenMind-Materia-Hamilton-Pasatiempo 4 Miguel Barral Related publications Comments on this publication Write a comment here…* (500 words maximum) This field cannot be empty, Please enter your comment. *Your comment will be reviewed before being published Captcha must be solved
Why exposure to WiFi, radiation & geopathic stress is so detrimental to our health The Mysterious World of Energy Medicine I’d like to explain a little more about why this is so and how our body is more than just meat and bones. When we look at something; this book, a computer, a banana, our own arm – it seems as though it is a solid thing. We use our five senses to perceive our world. We see something, smell it, hear it, taste it and touch it and we know it is real. But what about a thought or an emotion? They are very real, but not something that you can experience with your five senses. In physics, we learn that everything is in motion. The slower the motion, the more dense the substance. Think of water. In its slowest state of motion it is solid ice. Add some heat; the motion increases and you have a pool of water. Add more heat and soon the water disappears as steam. It’s still there, but you can’t see it anymore. We can consider that our body is like ice; it appears to be solid but what we can see is not the totality of who we are. We reflect the image of our Mother Earth. We live on her crust. Deep down inside are layers of soil, stone, molten rock and fire. Above her surface is the atmosphere. Without this subtle, invisible atmosphere, life would not be possible. We can experience our physical body through our five senses. Sensitive people and new technologies can access our subtle bodies - thoughts and emotions - the “atmosphere” around us. In the fifteenth century, Leonardo da Vinci and other proto scientists, delved into the workings of the human body by cutting up cadavers and looking inside. There was much to learn in this way, although a living body works differently from a dead one! With this knowledge, we were able to observe the anatomical connections within the body on the physical level. Over the years, technologies were developed that extended our senses. The invention of the microscope let us look deeper into the physical body, as did the more recent technological developments such as chemical lab tests, X-rays, CAT scans, ultrasound and so forth. All these technologies focus on the physical level of our body. These tools were used to see what is going on, but did not provide enough information to explain all the functions that were observed. We began to understand the normal functioning of the body; breathing, digestion, metabolism, circulation, all the visible, observable functions. The development of bio-chemistry provided tests, such as blood counts and urine analysis, to observe and explain deeper functions including the workings of hormones. However, Western medicine cannot explain thoughts and emotions within these, observable, parameters. Yet, these are an important part of us, vibrating on more subtle frequencies than our physical body and have a great impact on its state of health. Think about the different levels at which we can observe the human body: the physical body, organs, tissue, cells, molecules, atoms, and beyond that – what? The crazy and wonderful world of quantum mechanics! I will not go into details about that here, but I would like to say that ancient cultures have known about the subatomic world and used that knowledge for healing. Since the beginning of the last century science and technology has been developed that enables us to observe and dance with this mysterious level of existence. An understanding how the subtle movement of subatomic particles work is a key to accessing the invisible factors of thoughts, memory and emotions, which are the root causes of many diseases. To understand how disease starts, picture an empty bucket. Imagine the bucket filling up with things that cause stress to our bodies: wrong food, environmental toxins, tobacco, bad habits, worries, radiation, emotional stress, family stress, stress from our work, and so forth. All of these things build up in the bucket, but nothing is visible until the bucket is full. Something will be the last drop in a full bucket! It could be a tense word, a cold wind, a sleepless night; something not very serious in itself, but on top off all the other things that have been building up it is the one that will cause the bucket to overflow. When that happens, physical symptoms appear. If you simply treat the symptom, the bucket is still full so the next small stressor that comes along will cause it to overflow again, creating a new symptom. Unfortunately, Western medicine is focused on symptoms that can be clinically observed and measured, but does not take into account what is in the bucket – the deeper, built up causes of the disease. Using energy medicine, I can observe both the physical symptoms and also what is in the bucket. In this way, we get a much bigger picture, inside and outside, visible and invisible. I can see into the bucket before it overflows, addressing a condition before it manifests in the physical body. Prevention is the highest form of medicine. When I treat my patients, I help them to slowly empty their bucket by identifying the stressors and educating them about what they can do to prevent them from filling up the bucket again. By working together with cooperation, understanding and consciousness I help my patients change their lifestyle habits resulting in a healthier and happier life! There is a way protect yourself and your family This website was not created to promote sales but to help inform you of hidden dangers in our environment. Our decision to offer products for sale is for your conveinece Quint Plug Add some info about this item E-Smog & geopathic stress compensation for the whole house Simply plug into the socket . €525 Quint Stick Add some info about this item Quint Film Add some info about this item Protects you from electro-magnetic radiation from your telephone. — €20 Please reload PayPal prices include Shipping & Handling. Call us today on +357 25 342904 • Facebook Social Icon © 2023 by Grace Homecare. Proudly created with Wix.com
Children's Web magazine... Entertaining , Educational, Fun,Informative and MORE The Origins of the Cold War (Part 1) The Origins of the Cold War (Part 1) At the close of the Second World War, the US and USSR were no longer united by their common enemy of Nazi Germany and their relations began to deteriorate into the paranoia and misconceptions that became the Cold War. In considering the origins of this Eastern and Western split there are multiple important factors that must be appreciated and ultimately it was an accumulation of these factors and building tensions that caused this deterioration in negotiations. This paper will outline and assess three incredibly important factors in considering the origins of the Cold War, in order to finally conclude whether any particular factor can be blamed above all others for the decades of paranoia, espionage and bloodshed that came to be known as the Cold War. Primarily, this paper will, briefly considering available source material, cover the importance of perceptions in the origins of the Cold War which involves the use of propaganda and how ideology influenced the opposing superpowers in their perceptions of their rival’s actions. Secondly, we must consider to what extent the role of leaders of state and their actions played in increasing tensions, for it is a select few individuals that ultimately control a nation, and finally it is imperative that we do not forget the power blocs argument. With the defeat of Hitler’s Germany a power vacuum emerged in Europe and the Eastern and Western superpowers could not afford to allow the other the upper hand, which leads to an argument of colonialism, indeed US President Franklin D. Roosevelt stated during the Second World War that ‘we are going to win the war, and we are going to win the peace that follows.’ Ultimately, all factors are important and the difficulty of the debate is portrayed by the fact that scholars still cannot agree on an overall conclusion. Firstly let’s briefly consider the sources available. The main issue for historians considering the origins of the Cold War is that, although the majority of documents from Washington post WWII have been released in archives, the Kremlin has yet to declassify any documents. This makes it incredibly difficult to make an educated conclusion on the origins of the Cold War with such US centric sources. When considering the USSR’s point of view therefore we are unfortunately reduced to educated guesses, but it is possible, many scholars argue, to make such educated guesses based on the way in which the USSR reacted to various international issues; not that we have a choice. Overall, even with the declassification of many US government documents there are still a limited number of primary sources available with little to no contemporary scholarly writings, perhaps because of the mass paranoia and elements of censorship inherent in both Stalin’s USSR and the US under Senator Joseph McCarthy in the 1950s. There are fortunately a plethora of secondary sources and particular praise must be given to John Lewis Gaddis and Richard Crockatt for their outstanding contributions to the field. 0 Comment: Be the first one to comment on this article. FaceBook Page Place your ads kings news advertisement
How altered gut function impacts the skin Intestinal permeability (a.k.a. “leaky gut”) causes both systemic and local inflammation, which in turn contributes to skin disease. In a study way back in 1916, acne patients were more likely to show enhanced reactivity to bacterial strains isolated from stool. 66 percent of the 57 patients with acne in the study showed positive reactivity to stool-isolated bacteria compared to none of the control patients without active skin disease. 1 In a more recent study involving 80 patients, those with acne had higher levels of and reactivity to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxins in the blood. None of the matched healthy controls reacted to the e. coli LPS, while 65% of the acne patients had a positive reaction. Both of these studies suggest that increased intestinal permeability is an issue for a significant number of acne patients. (4) Speaking of permeable barriers: most of you have heard of leaky gut by now, but what about “leaky skin”? The main function of the skin is to act as a physical, chemical and antimicrobial defense system. Studies have shown that bothstress and gut inflammation can impair the integrity and protective function of the epidermal barrier. This in turn leads to a decrease in antimicrobial peptides produced in the skin, and an increase in the severity of infection and inflammation in the skin. (5) The gut flora also influences the skin. Substance P is a neuropeptide produced in the gut, brain and skin that plays a major role in skin conditions. Altered gut microbiota promotes the release of substance P in both the gut and the skin, and probiotics can attenuate this response. (6) The gut microbiota influences lipids and tissue fatty acid profiles, and may influence sebum production as well as the fatty acid composition of the sebum. (7) This may explain why a Russian study found that 54% of acne patients have significant alterations to the gut flora (8), and a Chinese study involving patients with seborrheic dermatitis also noted disruptions in the normal gut flora. 2 Probiotics improve skin condition Another line of evidence suggesting a connection between the gut and skin is the observation that probiotics improve skin conditions. Oral probiotics have been shown to decrease lipopolysaccharide, improve intestinal barrier function and reduce inflammation. The first formal case report series on the value of using lactobacilli to treat skin conditions was published in 1961 by a physician named Robert Siver. He followed 300 patients who were given a commercially available probiotic and found that 80 percent of those with acne had some clinical improvement. 3 In a more recent Italian study involving 40 patients, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum in addition to standard care led to better clinical outcomes than standard care alone. (9) And another recent study of 56 patients with acne showed that the consumption of a Lactobacillus fermented dairy beverage improved clinical aspects of acne over a 12-week period. (10) The beneficial effect of probioitics on skin may explain why pasteurized, unfermented dairy is associated with acne, but fermented dairy is not. I haven’t seen any studies on raw dairy and skin conditions, but my guess is that it wouldn’t be associated either. Orally consumed probiotics reduce systemic markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which are elevated locally in those with acne. (11) Oral probiotics can also regulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines within the skin. (12) The fermentation of dairy reduces levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) by more than four-fold. (13) This is significant because studies show that acne is driven by IGF-1, and IGF-1 can be absorbed across colonic tissue. (14) This would be particularly problematic when increased intestinal permeability is present, which as I mentioned above is often the case in people with acne. Now I’d like to hear from you. Have you noticed a connection between gut health and skin conditions in your own experience? Has healing your gut improved your skin? Let me know by sending me an e-mail. 2. Zhang H, Yu L, Yi M, Li K: Quantitative studies on normal flora of seborrhoeic dermatitis. Chin J Dermatol 1999, 32:399-400. 3. Siver RH: Lactobacillus for the control of acne. J Med Soc New Jersey 1961, 59:52-53.
The geometric modelling technique has revolutionised design and manufacture of products to a great extent. Although there have been various ways of representing an object, the most commonly used modelling technique is Solid Modelling. The two prominent ways to express solid models are Boundary Representation modelling and Constructive Solid Geometry modelling. In solid modelling and computer-aided design, boundary representation or B-rep / BREP—is the process of representing shapes using the limits. Here a solid is described as a collection of connected surface elements. BREP was one of the first computer-generated representations to represent three-dimensional objects. BREP defines an object by their spatial boundaries. It details the points, edges, surfaces of a volume, and sends commands to rotate, sweep a binds facets into a three dimensional solid. The union, thus, enables the formation of a surface that notably encloses a volume Boundary representation of models consists of two kinds of information: Topology: The main topological entities are: faces, edges, and vertices. Geometry: The main geometrical entities are: surfaces, curves, and points. The topological and geometrical entities are intertwined in a way where: the face is a bounded portion of a surface; an edge is an enclosed piece of a curve and; A vertex lies at a point. Topological items allow making links between geometrical entities. BREP comes with its share of advantages and disadvantages, which are: • It is appropriate for constructing solid models of unusual shapes. • A BREP model is relatively simple to convert to the wireframe model. • BREP uses only primitive objects and Boolean operations to combine them, unlike CSG (Constructive Solid Geometry). • BREP is more flexible with a more rich operation set. • In addition to the Boolean operations, B-rep has extrusion (or sweeping), chamfer, blending, drafting, shelling, tweaking and other actions which make use of these. • The BREP library does not store geometric or other information associated with topological entities. • BREP is not suitable for applications like tool path generation. Constructive solid geometry or C-REP/CREP, previously known as computational binary solid geometry, is a solid modelling technique that allows creating a complex object from simple primitives using Boolean operations. It is based on the fundamental that a physical object can be divided into a set of primitives or basic elements that can be combined in a particular order by following a set of rules (Boolean operations), to create an object. Typically, they are objects of simple shapes such as cuboids, cylinders, prisms, pyramids, spheres, and cones. The primitives themselves are regarded as valid CSG models, where each primitive is bounded by orientable surfaces (Half-spaces). These simple primitives are in some generic form and must be confirmed by the user to be used in the design. The primitive may require transformations like scaling, translation, and rotation to be assigned a coveted position. There are two kinds of CSG schemes: Primitive based CSG: It is a popular CSG scheme which is based on bounded solid primitives, R-sets. Half-space based CSG: This CSG scheme uses unbounded Half-spaces. Bounded solid primitives and its boundaries are considered composite half-spaces and the surfaces of the component half-spaces, respectively. Some attributes of CSG are as follows: • CSG is fundamentally different from the BREP model, where it does not store faces, edges and vertices. Instead, it evaluates them as needed by algorithms. • CSG database stores topology and geometry. • The validity checking in CSG scheme occurs indirectly. Each primitive that is combined using a Boolean operation (r-sets) to build the CSG model is checked for its validity. • The standard data structures used in CSG are graphs and trees. • CSG representation is of considerable importance to manufacturing. Boundary Representation (BREP) Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) BREP describes only the oriented surface of a solid as a data structure composed of vertices, edges, and faces. A solid is represented as a set of Boolean expression of primitive solid objects, of a simpler structure. A BREP object is easily rendered on a graphic display system. A CSG object is always valid in the sense that its surface is closed and orientable and encloses a volume, provided the primitives are authentic in this sense. For B-rep, we review the possible surface types, the winged-edge representation schema, and the Euler operators. For CSG, The basic operations include classifying points, curves, and surfaces concerning a solid; detecting redundancies in the representation; and approximating CSG objects systematically. Read More Faceted Modeling and NURBS Modern CAD systems and CAD packages enable designers to model objects and retrieve them in their formats. Some formats are interchangeable while some enforce restrictions, upon which, it becomes difficult to transfer an object model from one form to another. This article describes some of the most used CAD formats in the industry. But before we look into various CAD formats, it is essential to understand the concept of Faceted geometry and Analytic geometry (NURBS). Faceted geometry, also known as discrete geometry, are models which consist of groups of polygons which is often triangles. Most Computer-Aided Design (CAD) systems typically use continuous surface and edge definitions based on NURBS. CAE simulations break down this NURBS representation into facets by a process known as meshing. The faceted models are quite appealing to engineering marketing, as such simulations are less bothered with exact physical reality and tend to emphasize on creating eye-catching visuals, such as airflow over a car, which can be incorporated into a marketing brochure. File formats typically used for faceted models are: .3ds, .dxf, .obj, .stl (Stereolithography). Almost all the faceted formats, except for STL, reflect material properties such as glass and metal by providing groupings of facets. However, such groupings are inadequate for a CAE simulation. NURBS or Non-uniform rational basis spline describes curves and surfaces with mathematical functions, and form the most common analytic geometry representations. The NURBS geometry has unlimited resolution. The NURBS definition defines the location of the boundary points and uses control points with slope definition to determine the internal shape of curves and surfaces, thereby enabling a great deal of flexibility. NURBS geometry is typically produced in CAD systems such as CATIA, Pro/Engineer, Solidworks, NX, etc. A significant drawback of NURBS geometry is that they are generally specific to the CAD packages that created them, and interchanging formats can be error-prone and inaccurate. Faceted geometry NURBS geometry Facets are always guaranteed to comply with the original definition In NURBS geometry, different levels of model detail are created without losing fidelity Faceted geometry describes a shape as a mesh, points usually connected by triangles Analytic geometry defines curves and surfaces with mathematical functions Faceted geometry has limited resolution NURBS geometry has unlimited resolution Evaluating a faceted surface, one can get a shape defined by linear interpolation between known discrete points One can assess a NURBS surface anywhere and get coordinates lying on the surface Simple definition Includes topology Cons of Faceted geometry Cons of NURBS geometry Fixed resolution More computing intense No topology High data exchange Although faceted geometry has its use, NURBS geometry is superior for design and manufacturing processes. Due to the high demands on geometric precision, NURBS geometry finds its place in CAE applications. But if the modeling requirements ask for stunning visuals, faceted models are worth giving a try. Read More Geometric Modeling The culture of design & manufacturing incorporates various crucial aspects for the production of a market efficient product. Computer-aided Engineering or CAE comes up as a central part of the entire manufacturing process. Over the years, the function of CAE has evolved so much that it has developed its applications depending upon the type of usage and execution. Geometric Modeling happens to be one of the most popular CAE applications. The computer/software generated mathematical representation of an object’s geometry is called Geometric Modeling. As curves are easy to manipulate and bend as per application, geometric modeling uses curves extensively to construct surfaces. The formation of curves can be achieved by, A set of points, Analytic functions, or Other curves/functions The mathematical representation of an object can be displayed on a computer and used for generation of drawings; which go on for analysis and eventual manufacturing of the object. In general, there are three conventional steps to create a geometric model: • Creating key geometric elements by using commands like points, lines, and circles. • Applying Transformations on the geometric elements using commands like rotation, achieve scaling, and other related transformations functions. • Constructing the geometric model using various commands that integrates the elements of the geometric model to form the desired shape. • Two Dimensional or 2D: It projects a two-dimensional view and is used for flat objects. • 1 2D: It projects the views beyond the 2D and enables viewing of 3D objects that have no sidewall details. • Three Dimensional or 3D: This representation permits complete three-dimensional viewing of the model with intricate geometry. The most leading process of geometric modeling in 3D is Solid modeling. Depending upon the representations of objects, geometric modeling system can be classified into three categories, which are: • Solid modeling Also known as volume modeling, this is the most widely used method as it provides a complete description of solid modeling. • Wireframe modeling It is a simple modeling system, which is used to represent the object by the help of lines only. Hence, it is also known as Line model representation. However, wireframe modeling is not enough to express complex solids; therefore, it is used to describe only wiring systems. • Surface modeling This type of modeling represents the object by its surface, and it is used to describe the object with a clear view of manufacturing. By this clear point of view, surface modeling cannot be used to develop an internal surface of any model. Surface modeling uses Bezier and B-spines. Requirements of Geometric Modeling The various requirements of geometric modeling are as follows: • The cross-section, hidden lines, dimensions are needed for Graphical Visualization. • Interchangeable manufacturing tolerance analysis is required while inspection of parts. • There should also be properties evaluation and geometrical evaluations in Area, Volume, and property evaluation in Weight, Density, etc.. • Need for Finite element analysis and Kinematic analysis. • Parts classification, planning, etc. in manufacturing. Geometric modeling is a vast and elaborate field of CAE and requires in-depth study. The next articles dive deep into the various types and facets of geometric modeling. Read More Parametric and Non-parametric modelling Up until now, we believe our readers got a clear explanation of reverse engineering. Let us give walkthrough — Reverse engineering is the process of extracting design information after studying a physical product, with the intent to reproduce the product, or to create another object that can interact with it. In the past, designers resorted to physical measurement of the product to redraw its geometry. Today, designers use 3D scanners to capture measurements. The scanned data is then imported to CAD where the design can be analyzed, processed, manipulated and refined. Two key aspects that fall in place when focusing on reverse engineering process are: Parametric Model/Modeling A parametric model captures all its information about the data within its parameters. All you need to know for predicting a future data value from the current state of the model is just its parameters. The parameters are usually finite in dimensions. For a parametric model to predict new data, knowing just the parameters is enough. A parametric model is one where we assume the ‘shape’ of the data, and therefore only have to estimate the coefficients of the model. Non-parametric Model/Modeling A non parametric model can capture more subtle aspects of the data. It allows more information to pass from the current set of data that is attached to the model at the current state, to be able to predict any future data. The parameters are usually said to be infinite in dimensions. Hence, it can express the characteristics in the data much better than parametric models. For a non parametric model, predicting future data is based on not just the parameters but also in the current state of data that has been observed. A non-parametric model is one where we do not assume the ‘shape’ of the data, and we have to estimate the most suitable form of the model, along with the coefficients. Read More The Reverse Engineering process Sometimes, situations arise where you don’t have access to a part’s original design documentation from its original production. This might be due to the absence of the original manufacturer altogether or stoppage on the production itself. Reverse engineering empowers us to analyze a physical part and explore how it was originally built to replicate, create variations, or improve on the design. The goal is to ultimately create a new CAD model for use in manufacturing. Let us take a look at the steps involved in reverse engineering. Commonly, it involves careful executions of the following steps: • Scanning The first step involves using a 3D scanner for collecting the geometric measurements and dimensions of the existing part quickly and accurately using projected light patterns and camera system. Generally, the types of scanners used for such execution are blue light scanner, white light scanner, CT scanner and /or laser scanner. The former two captures the outward dimension and measurements while the latter two is capable of scanning the entire inside out. • Point Cloud Once a certain part is scanned, the data gets transformed in the form of point clouds. Point cloud is a 3D visualization consisting of thousands or even millions of points. Point clouds define the shape of a physical system. • Meshing/Triangulation This stage serves involves conversion of point clouds to mesh (STL or Stereolithographic format). Mesh generation is the practice of converting the given set of points into a consistent polygonal model that generates vertices, edges and faces that only meet at shared edges. Common software tools used to merge point clouds are Polyworks, Geomagic, ImageWare, MeshLab. The meshed part is then run for alignment in the mentioned software tools. • Parametric/Non-parametric Modeling After the meshed part is aligned, it goes through either of two stages. The first option involves applying surface modeling on meshed part in tools such as Polyworks. It results in the generation of non-parametric model (IGES or STEP format). An alternate option is creating a sketch of the meshed part instead of putting it through surfacing. This work-process is known as parametric modeling (.PRT format). For a non parametric model, predicting future data is based on not just the parameters but also in the current state of data that has been observed. For a parametric model to predict new data, knowing just the parameters is enough. • CAD Modeling The next stage consists of transferring the data through CAD software tools such as NX, Catia, Solidworks, Creo etc, for applying functions such as ‘stitch’, ‘sew’, ‘knit’, ‘trim’, ‘extrude’, ‘revolve’ etc for creation of 3D CAD model. • Inspection This stage includes visual computer model inspections and alignment of the merged models against actual scanned parts (STL) for any discrepancies in the geometry as well as dimensions. Generally, inspection is carried out by using tools such as Polyworks or Geomagic. Reverse engineering inspection provides sufficient information to check tolerances, dimensions and other information relevant to the project. • Documentation Documentation of 3D stage model depends solely on one’s technical/business requirements. This step is about converting 3D model to 2D sketch, usually with the help of tools such as inventor or Isodraw/Coraldraw, citing measurements which can be used for reference in the future. Read More Three-Dimensional (3D) CAD Formats Every CAD design/model, upon completion, is stored in a respective file format. A 3D file format stores information about 3D models in plain text or binary data. The 3D formats encode a model’s geometry, which describes its shape, scene, which includes position of light and peripheral objects; appearance, which means colors and textures; and animations, which defines how a 3D model moves. Not every 3D format stores all such data. Each software comes with its 3D file formats. However, every software has a different file format due to many reasons such as cost, feature, etc. It is necessary for any two software to enable interchangeability/interoperability to make things work. Some of the popular 3D file formats are STL, OBJ, FBX, COLLADA, etc. Each industry comes with its version of 3D file formats. This article gives a brief description of 3D file formats. A 3D CAD model Considering there are different file types, it is essential to understand the various properties. Different file types allow CAD model viewing in different ways. Some CAD files are limited to only 2D viewing to show the end customer. Following are the main features of 3D file formats: Proprietary or neutral The two main types of file format are – proprietary and neutral. All CAD design software uses a proprietary file type. This file type is specific to that particular software. Generally, such file types can only be viewed using the same software it was created with. However, it won’t open in a completely different design program. Proprietary files could be used in intercompany tasks. Neutral files, on the other hand, are designed to be interoperable. Hence they can be viewed on a multitude of programs. Neutral data come in handy if the document is being distributed to end-users who don’t use CAD software. Precise or tessellated CAD designs are displayed in two different ways, namely, precise or tessellated. The difference lies in the fact that the product that is viewed while designing looks quite different from the actual product in real life. It is particularly noticeable in the case of lines and edges that form the product shape. This differentiates between precise drawings versus tessellated drawings. To create a product, CAD software uses precise lines and angles to complete complex manufacturing processes. Such specific instructions have to be included in a file format to edit the actual drawing or change its design. While displaying a CAD drawing for visual purposes, the lines and edges are tessellated. Type of assembly Multi-part designs present a complicated situation while choosing a file format. Depending on the type of file format, multi-part product design may be limited to one single file for the whole assembly. Alternatively, designers also opt for separate files for each component. Awareness of how a particular software will display a multi-part product or if it will display a multi-part product is essential. Parts Listings CAD designs accompany models with a list of parts. Different 3D file formats come up with different ways of showing parts list. Two main types of parts list displays are Bill of Material (BOM) and flat list. A bill of material showcases a single part and all its positions in a drawing. A flat list shows all parts individually. Now that the different features of 3D CAD file formats have been explained, let us walk through some of the popular and most used file formats out there. To counter interoperability, neutral file formats, also called open source formats, are used as intermediate formats for converting between two proprietary formats. Naturally, these formats are widely used nowadays. Two known examples of neutral formats are STL (with a .STL extension) and COLLADA (with a .DAE extension). They are used to share models across CAD software. 3D CAD file formats generally fall into two categories: Native or Neutral file formats. • Native file formats are exclusive to particular CAD software, which can be used with the respective software only. • Neutral or Standards were explicitly created to enable interoperability, which helps the exchange of files between different CAD software. Neutral file formats allow easier transfer of files with someone who uses different CAD software. • STEP: STEP is the most recommended and widely used of 3D file Formats. It is an ISO 10303-21 certified standard. Most of the software support STEP importing and exporting. • IGES: IGES is the abbreviation for Initial Graphics Exchange Specification. It is a vendor-neutral file format. Using IGES, a CAD user can exchange 3D models in the form of circuit diagrams, wireframe, or solid models. Applications backed by IGES include traditional engineering drawings, analysis models, and other manufacturing functions • Parasolid: Parasolid, initially developed by ShapeData, is now owned by Siemens PLM Software. It is licensed to other companies for use in their 3D computer graphics software products. • STL: STL, which stands for stereolithography, is the universal format for pure 3D information. It is used in 3D printers and somewhat loved by CAM. STL denotes only the surface geometry of a 3D object without any representation of color, texture, or other common CAD model attributes. • VRML: VRML stands for Virtual Reality Modeling Language. It is a standard file format for representing 3D interactive vector graphics. • X3D: X3D is an ISO standard XML-based file format for representing 3D computer graphics. X3D features extensions to VRML (e.g., CAD, Geospatial, NURBS, etc.). • DXF: DXF stands for Drawing Interchange Format, or Drawing Exchange Format. It is a simple 2D format and technically should be viewed as a Native format. It is Autocad’s native 2D format. Read More Types of Geometric Modeling The previous edition gave a brief introduction of Geometric Modeling and its features. Geometric modeling is the mathematical representation of an object’s geometry. It incorporates the use of curves to create models. It can be viewed either in 2D or 3D perspective. This edition details the primary types of geometric modeling. Geometric modeling can be classified into the following: Also known as volume modeling, this is the most widely used method as it provides a complete description of solid modeling. Solid modeling defines an object by its nodes, edges, and surfaces; therefore, it gives a perfect and explicit mathematical representation of a precisely enclosed and filled volume. Solid modeling requires the use of topology rules to guarantee that all surfaces are stitched together correctly. This geometry modeling procedure is based upon the “Half-Space” concept. Solid Modeling There are two prevalent ways for representing solid models – Constructive solid geometry: Constructive solid geometry is a combination of primary solid objects (prism, cylinder, cone, sphere, etc.). These shapes are either added or deleted to form the final solid shape. Boundary representation: In boundary representation, an object’s definition is determined by their spatial boundaries. It describes the points, edges, surfaces of a volume, and issues command to rotate, sweep a binds facets into a third dimensional solid. The union of these surfaces enables the formation of a surface that explicitly encloses a volume. Solid Modeling is the most widely used geometric modeling in three dimensions, and it serves the following purpose: • Solid modeling supports weight or volume calculation, centroids, moments of inertia calculation, stress analysis, heat conduction calculations, dynamic analysis, system dynamics analysis. • Solid modeling supports the generation of codes, robotic and assembly simulation • Solid modeling stores both geometric and topological information; can verify if the two objects occupy same space • Solid modeling improves the quality of design, enhances visualization, and has the potential for functional automation and integration. Different solid modeling techniques are as follows: • Constructive Solid Geometry • Boundary Representation • Feature-based modeling • Primitive Instancing • Cell decomposition, spatial enumeration, octree Surface modeling represents the solid appearing object. Although it is a complicated method of representation than wireframe modeling, it is not as refined as solid modeling. Although surface models and solid models look identical, the former cannot be sliced open the way solid models can be. This model makes use of B-splines and Bezier for controlling curves. Surface Modeling A typical surface modeling process involves the following steps: • Generation of a model combining the three-dimensional surfaces and solids • Conversion of the model to surfaces, taking advantage of associative modeling • Validation of imperfections with surface analysis tools • Reconstructing surfaces of objects to apply smoothness to the object Surface modeling is used to: • To shape design and representation of complicated objects such as a car, ship, and airplane bodies as well as castings • There are situations where models imported from another CAD system usually lack details of the features it is comprised of. If the surfaces are complex, applying changes to this type of geometry can be quite the task. In such cases, surface modeling techniques can be used to one or more faces of the model to make the desired changes. • Surface modeling enables building one face at a time so that one can control the exact contour and direction of any face. This feature comes in handy at a time when solid modeling technique fails to create the complex shape of a feature as it builds up several sides of shape at once. • As it is not limited to the direct construction of a model face, surfaces can also be used as a reference geometry in a transitional step towards the creation of the required model face. • Now, there is another modeling technique which requires a combination of solid and surface modeling techniques to create a solid model. This technique generally involves starting the model as a solid and using surfaces to modify it. Or, changing the solid to surfaces to shape and contour it, then turning it back to a solid when done. The wireframe model is perhaps one of the earliest ways of representing a solid model. It consists of vertices and lines and is a skeletal representation of a real-world 3D object. It was developed back in the 1960s; it is also referred to as “Stick figure” or “edge representation.” Wireframe Modeling The lines within a wireframe connect to create polygons, such as triangles and rectangles, that represent three-dimensional shapes when bound together. The outcome may range from a cube to a complex three-dimensional scene with people and objects. The number of polygons within a model is a good indicator of how detailed the wireframe 3D model is. Wireframe modeling helps in matching a 3D drawing model to its reference. It allows the creator to match the vertex points, so they are in alignment with the desired reference and see the reference through the model as well. Although Wireframe modeling is a quick and easy way to demonstrate concepts, creating a fully detailed, precisely constructed model for an idea can be extremely time-consuming, and if it does not match what was visualized for the project, all that time and effort was wasted. In wireframe modeling, one can skip the detailed work and present a very skeletal framework that is simple to create and is apprehensible to others. Read More
Climate change threatens 1.1 meter sea level rise Climate change threatens 1.1 meter sea level rise 24-10-2019 \| Stunning statistics Sea levels will rise by over a meter before 2100 unless climate change is tackled, a new report warns. • Jacob Messina Senior SI strategist, RobecoSAM Speed read • IPCC report raises sea level rise threat by 10cm to 1.1m • World needs to become carbon neutral by 2050 to avert it • RobecoSAM SDG Equities fund targets global warming What has happened? Analysis by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) makes the prediction in its ‘Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate’, which studies the effect of global warming on sea levels. It says 90% of the 1 degree Celsius rise in average global temperatures above pre-industrial levels seen thus far has been absorbed by the oceans, having a major impact on sea life and corals. The Paris Agreement signed in 2015 aims to restrict global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius by the end of this century. However, record levels of carbon emissions that show no signs of abating have accelerated global warming. The IPCC report now warns that unless drastic action is taken for the world to become carbon-neutral by 2050, global warming may become uncontrollable. Stay informed on our latest insights with monthly mail updates Stay informed on our latest insights with monthly mail updates Why is it important? Global warming is causing the ice caps to melt, with record levels of glacier melting seen this summer in the Arctic and Antarctic, disgorging billions of tons of fresh water into the ocean. The problem is made worse because frozen areas such as permafrost trap carbon that is released when it melts, causing a vicious cycle of further warming. The IPCC report says that global average sea levels could now rise by up to 1.1m by 2100, up 10 cm on previous estimates. Rising sea levels threatens dozens of large coastal cities and those that lie on tidal rivers, including London, New York, Mumbai, Shanghai and Jakarta. It also risks flooding countries that lie below or at sea level, such as Bangladesh, the Netherlands and most islands in the Pacific and Indian oceans. Source: C40 cities \| BBC What does it mean for investors? One way that investors can help the fight against global warming is by investing in the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 13 on Climate Action. RobecoSAM’s Global SDG Equities strategy systematically screens a diversified group of companies based on their SDG impact scores – including their commitments to decarbonizing – and selects the best ones for the fund. “For nearly two decades RobecoSAM has been in the business of anticipating significant structural trends that will impact the environment and business models. Climate change is a very powerful and very visible example of one of those trends,” says Rainer Baumann, Lead Portfolio Manager for the strategy. “Our SDG fund invests in companies which are enabling the transition to a low-carbon economy through clean energy solutions as well as in companies helping to reduce carbon emissions through energy-efficient tools, services, and infrastructure. In addition to climate change, the fund provides exposure to all 17 SDGs – all of which are aimed at protecting life, society and the planet.” Stunning statistics Stunning statistics Read all articles Subjects related to this article are: Important legal information I Disagree
1. Home 2. Sheet Music 3. Suzuki 4. Suzuki Books Suzuki Method Books - Sheet Music Virtually everyone has heard of the Suzuki Method of music instruction for young children. Yet how many truly understand the ideas on which it's based? These books, some of them written by Shinichi Suzuki himself, will answer many questions. And while you're at it, be sure to check out our wide selection of Suzuki Method sheet music and CDs.
Lawn care pros area Lawn care illustrations How to Measure How Much Mulch You Need (Illustrated) • by • Gene Caballero • September 10, 2020 Measuring mulch can be an intimidating task. Especially for homeowners with little experience. But don’t worry, learning how to measure the amount of mulch you need is very easy, and this infographic explains EVERYTHING that you need to know. FAQ’s About Measuring Mulch Here are some of the most frequently asked questions about how to measure mulch for your landscaping. How deep should I plan to mulch? In general 3-4 inches is adequate to get the most out of mulching your landscape. Although if you have a lot of weeds you want to choke out, you can put as much as 8 inches deep. This also depends on the material you are using as well. How do I measure the square footage of a triangular bed? When you are measuring a triangular garden space, you will multiply the base by the height, and divide it by two. In this example, the base is 7 and the height is 7. 7*7 is 49. Divided by two you will need enough mulch to cover 24.5 square feet. Next you will want to calculate the depth. How do I calculate mulch to be as deep as I want it? Once you have calculated the square footage of the area you want to mulch, simply multiply your square footage by the numbers on the chart in the infographic. For example, if you want mulch 100 square feet of garden space three inches deep. You will multiply 100 square feet by .25 (or 1/4 of a foot) which is 25. In this example, 25 represents the number of cubic feet you will need. How many cubic feet are in a bag of mulch? Most bags of wooden mulch contain 2 cubic square feet of mulch. On the other hand, most bags of stone mulch contain around .5 cubic feet of material. How many cubic feet are in a yard? There are 27 Cubic feet in one cubic yard. So if you need to purchase a cubic yard of bagged mulch, you would need 13.5 bags of mulch. How to Calculate Mulch in a Nutshell It’s not difficult to calculate how much mulch you will need for your garden beds. Using the formulas in this infographic will make measuring mulch a breeze! Keep this infographic on hand for when you need it, and be sure to share it with your friends and family via email, and on social media! Powered by Froala Editor
CAN Position: Integrating Human Rights into the Paris Agreement, October 2015 Climate change and the lack of adequate policies to address climate change present global threats to the realisation of human rights, in particular in relation to the rights of people and communities that are already vulnerable or marginalized. For this reason, the transition to a low-carbon economy and resilient communities must fully protect human rights. By integrating human rights into climate policies, countries will strengthen the long-term effectiveness of, and build public support for, climate actions. The Paris Climate Conference thus provides a crucial opportunity to establish a new framework for climate action that strengthens mitigation and adaptation while addressing the needs of vulnerable groups. This paper sets forth CAN’s position as to why and where human rights language should be included in the Paris Agreement. In particular, in order to establish a framework that effectively addresses climate change and protects those most vulnerable from the adverse impacts of climate change and climate policies, Parties must include the following reference to human rights in the operative section of the core agreement: All Parties shall, in all climate change related actions, respect, protect, promote, and fulfil human rights for all, including the rights of indigenous peoples; ensuring gender equality and the full and equal participation of women; ensuring intergenerational equity; ensuring a just transition of the workforce that creates decent work and quality jobs; ensuring food security; and ensuring the integrity and resilience of natural ecosystems. This language calling for rights protections must be included for the following reasons: 1. While the Parties to the UNFCCC have recognized the interplay between human rights and climate change, they have not taken action to operationalize their rights obligations. 2. Human rights are a cross-cutting issue in the implementation of the Convention. 3. Human rights must be integrated into climate actions at all levels. 4. Integrating human rights into climate action will not divert focus from combating the causes and impacts of climate change but will promote more effective climate action. In order for the Paris Agreement to promote effective climate policies that benefit people and communities affected by climate impacts and climate policies, the Parties to the UNFCCC must include a reference to human rights in the core agreement to be adopted at COP-21 in Paris. This provision must be overarching in order to apply to all areas of implementation of the Convention. It must be included in the operative section of the agreement in order to guarantee its effective and systematic implementation. It must be comprehensive and address all key dimensions of the relation between human rights and climate change.
1 Chronicles 7: The Northern Tribes Leave a comment We continue our tour of Israel’s genealogical history with the northern tribes: Issachar, Benjamin, Naphtali, Ephraim, and Asher. These get much more of a cursory treatment than we’ve seen previously, likely because of the Chronicler’s dismissive attitude toward the tribes who rebelled against David’s dynasty to form what would eventually become Samaria. The first part of Issachar’s portion corresponds to Genesis 46:13 and Numbers 26:23-25, with some variations. The sons of Issachar are listed as: 1. Tola 2. Puah, who is listed as Puvah in both Genesis and Numbers 3. Jashub, whom the Masoretic Text calls Iob in Genesis 4. Shimron In the next generation, Tola’s sons are: Uzzi, Rephaiah, Jeriel, Jahmai, Ibsam, and Shemuel. They are identified as mighty warriors, with 22,600 of them in David’s time. The line then goes through Tola’s son Uzzi, to Izrahiah. Izrahiah’s sons are: Michael, Obadiah, Jowl, and Isshiah, which the text claims are five, rather than the four we see (1 Chron. 7:3). Along with them (presumably meaning down through their descendants) were 36,000 men ready to fight, “for they had many wives and sons” (1 Chron. 7:4). Issachar as a whole produced 87,000 mighty warriors. Benjamin’s inclusion here is a bit weird, since the tribe’s genealogy will be revisited in more detail – getting a whole chapter to itself – in 1 Chron. 8. Some commentaries argue that the Chronicler was simply continuing the source that was used for Issachar, then moved on to a different source later for Benjamin, which would explain why the two version differ so greatly. Other commentaries argue that a textual corruption or initial error led to this section being misnamed, and that it was originally meant to be Zebulun. This theory is reinforced by the fact that Zebulun is otherwise not represented, and because this coverage of Benjamin occurs where Zebulun “might be expected from the geographical point of view” (New Bible Commentary, p.374). The problem with the Zebulun theory is , of course, that there are no similarities between the lineage listed here and the ones attributed to Zebulun in Gen. 46:14 and Num. 26:26-27. There are quite a few discrepancies with what we’ve seen so far as Benjamin, but at least there are some points of similarity. We begin with the sons of Benjamin: Bela, Becher, and Jediael. Jediael is missing from the Gen. 46:21 version, and eight of Benjamin’s sons listed there are missing here. Only Bela is listed in the Num. 26:38-41 version, with the other four sons listed there being absent here. Bela’s sons: Ezbon, Uzzi, Uzziel, Jerimoth, and Iri, who became the heads of their houses and who are described as mighty warriors. Their number was 22,034. In support of the theory that the Chronicler simply kept copying from whatever source he was using for Issachar, I noticed that the formula is clearly the same between these two sections. Becher’s sons: Zemirah, Joash, Eliezer, Elioenai, Omri, Jeremoth, Abijah, Anathoth, and Alemeth. They were also mighty warriors, and they numbered 20,200. Jediael’s sons: Bilhan. Tracing down through Bilhan, we get Jeush, Benjamin, Ehud, Chenaanah, Zethan, Tarshish, and Ahishahar. These, too, were mighty warriors, and their number was 17,200. At the very end of the section, we get a single verse identifying Shuppim and Huppim as the sons of Ir, and Hushim as the son of Aher. I think. The phrasing is very awkward and likely a corruption. My New Bible Commentary proposes that these may have been intended as a genealogy of Dan, since that tribe doesn’t appear here either (p.374). Arguing against, we have the fact that the names are rather similar to ones previously connected to Benjamin: Shuppim could be related to Muppim and Huppim appears directly in Gen. 46:21. Then, in Numbers 26:38-41, we get Shephupham and Hupham. Arguing in favour, we have Hashum listed as the son of Dan in Gen. 46:23, and Shuham in Num. 26:42. On a phonetic basis alone, it seems like a toss up. If it really is the case that 1 Chron. 7:12 was meant to be a summary of Dan, it wouldn’t have gotten any less of a treatment than Naphtali. Of this tribe, we are told only that the sons of Naphtali are named Jahziel, Guni, Jezer, and Shallum, and that Bilhah (Jacob’s concubine, a slave belonging to his wife Rachel) is their tribal matriarch. This is notable only because it is the first time the tribal mother is named. Though it is likely just because it was in the Chronicler’s source, rather than for any particular intentional reason. (It is perhaps worth noting that Gen. 46:24-25 specifically mentions Bilhah.) The names are the same as those found in Gen. 46:24-25 and Num. 26:48-49, with only a spelling variation for Jahziel (Jahzeel) and Shallum (Shillem). Manasseh’s records are split in half, with the Transjordan portion of the tribe having been covered in 1 Chron. 5:23-26. Here, we get the half from the western bank of the Jordan. Manasseh’s lineage is also discussed in Num. 26:29-33 and Jos. 17:1-13, but there are only passing similarities to this one. Jacob Blessing His Sons, by Harry Anderson Jacob Blessing His Sons, by Harry Anderson Manasseh seems to have found himself an Aramean concubine, which is rather strange. According to James Pate, Manasseh should have spent his whole life in Egypt. “Egypt is far away from Aram: Egypt is to the south of Palestine, whereas Aram (Syria) is to Palestine’s north.” The obvious solution, which Pate points to, is that she came to Egypt through a trade route. When we get to the genealogy, it’s rather convoluted, and I suspect that we have another instance of corruption. Manasseh, apparently via his Aramean concubine, had two sons: Asriel and Machir. Machir went on to become the father of Gilead, and he seems to have taken a wife from Huppim and one from Shuppim. I think. The phrasing is very odd, and it’s doubly odd to encounter that pair of names again. Of the mention of Gilead, we can either take that as the literal son of Machir, or as an indication that it is through the descendants of Machir that the location of Gilead would be founded (even though Gilead is named as a literal son who fathers literal children in Num. 26:29-33). Machir had a sister named Maacah, who was also his wife, or perhaps there are two women named Maacah. It wouldn’t be implausible for him to have married his sister (or half-sister), though. Abraham did it (Gen. 20:12), and Moses hasn’t delivered the laws prohibiting it yet. In any case, Machir and his wife Maacah bore Peresh, and Peresh had a brother by the name of Sheresh (who may or may not have been Maacah’s). In the middle of this, there is a fragment of a sentence identifying a “second” by the name of Zelophehad who had daughters (1 Chron. 7:15).One possibility that I can see is that Manasseh had one son with a woman who was not Aramean (Asriel), and two sons with woman who was Aramean (Machir and Zelophehad). Zelophehad had only daughters, whereas we shall continue on down Machir’s lineage. Except, of course, that there is a Zelophehad in Num. 26:29-33 who also has only daughters, but he is the son of Hepher, who is the son of Gilead, who is the son of Machir (it is Zelophehad’s daughters who prompt Moses to include women in his inheritance laws in Numbers 27, with an amendment in Numbers 36). That’s the best sense I can make of this passage. Back to Machir’s sons, Peresh and Sheresh. One of them – it’s unclear which – fathered Ulam and Rakem. Ulam then fathered Bedan. Machir also had another sister, by the name of Hammolecheth. She bore Ishhod, Abiezer, and Mahlah. Someone named Shemida apparently had four sons: Ahian, Shechem, Likhi, and Aniam. This doesn’t jive particularly well with Num. 26:29-33, where Machir is the father of Gilead, and both Shechem and Shemida are the sons of Gilead. Ephraim’s genealogy appears to be a vertical genealogy, from father to son to grandson and so on, but there are hints that this may not be the case. That, instead, all the names are intended to be Ephraim’s direct sons. For now, I’ll proceed with the assumption that we are dealing with a vertical lineage, beginning with Ephraim: 1. Shuthelah, who is the only of Ephraim’s descendants to make the list in Num. 26:35-37. 2. Bered 3. Tahath 4. Eleadah 5. Tahath 6. Zabad 7. Shuthelah From Shuthelah, we get Ezer and Elead. These two were killed by the native Gathites in a failed cattle raid. Here is where things get complicated, as we are told that “Ephraim their father mourned many days” (1 Chron. 7:22). If Ezer and Elead are meant to be Ephraim’s direct sons, then we have a couple problems. Firstly, it would suggest that all the other names I have listed so far are also Ephraim’s sons. Second, we might ask ourselves what sons of Ephraim were doing in Gath. It’s rather far to go for a cattle raid! James Pate discusses the issue in more detail. After Ezer and Elead, we move on to another of Ephraim’s sons (this time, the formulation of how he “went in to” his wife makes it quite clear that we are dealing with a literal son), Beriah. Beriah was so named “because evil had befallen his house” (1 Chron. 7:23). Apparently, Beriah can either mean “a gift” or “in evil,” which seems rather ambiguous to me. Beriah had a daughter, named Sheerah (no, not that one), who built both Lower and Upper Beth-horon, as well as Uzzen-sheerah. If she is historical, it sounds like she might have been a Deborah-like figure, perhaps a local leader or judge. Down through Beriah’s sons, we get the same problem as above where the grammar lends itself to both vertical and horizontal interpretations. However, since we end with Joshua, it seems likely that this is a vertical lineage. From Beriah, we get: 1. Rephah 2. Resheph 3. Telah 4. Tahan 5. Ladan 6. Ammihud 7. Elishama 8. Nun 9. Joshua The Joshua who served Moses was also identified as a son of Nun (e.g. Num. 11:28), indicating that this is a lineage of that figure. We finish up the section with a list of settlements belonging to Ephraim and Manasseh. Ephraim’s list bears little resemblance, as far as I can tell, to the one found in Jos. 16:5-10. My sources, however, claim that the two lists are generally in agreement. I’m assuming that the territory described must be similar, even if the markers named are different: • Bethel • Naaran (a Naarah appears in Jos. 16:7) • Gezer (Gezer appears in Jos. 16:10) • Shechem • Ayyah Manasseh’s list corresponds to Jos. 17:11, and the match is much more comfortable: • Beth-shean • Taanach • Megiddo • Dor Asher’s genealogy mostly corresponds to those found in Gen. 46:17 and Num. 26:44-46. The sons of Asher are listed as: Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi, Beriah, and their sister Serah. The only variation here is that Ishvah does not appear in Numbers (though I think it plausible that Ishvah is a duplication of Ishvi that became canon). In the next generation, we get the sons of Beriah: Heber and Malchiel. Again, this is in agreement. After that, 1 Chron. 7 gives us new material. Malchiel fathered Birzaith, and Heber fathered Japhlet, Shomer, Hotham, and a daughter, Shua. Japhlet, in turn, fathered Pasach, Bimhal, and Ashvath, while his brother Shomer (here named Shemer – 1 Chron. 7:32-34) fathered Rohgah, Jehubbah, and Aram. Another man, here called “his brother” (1 Chron. 35) Helem fathered Zophah, Imna, Shelesh, and Amal. It’s possible that Japhlet and Shemer had another brother who was not listed above, but given the corruption of Shomer/Shemer in the space of just two verses, I think it probable that Helem is a corruption of Hotham (or vice versa). From there, we get the sons of Zophah: Suah, Harnepher, Shual, Beri, Imrah, Bezer, Hod, Shamma, Shilshah, Ithran, and Beera. After that, we skip over to someone named Jether, whose sons are Jephunneh, Pispa, and Ara. Then someone named Ulla fathered Arah, Hanniel, and Rizia. We return to the formula of Issachar and Benjamin to learn that the men of of Asher were mighty warriors, and that they had 26,000 men enrolled by genealogies as ready to fight. Practical Wisdom Solomon’s Administration • Jehoshaphat, son of Ahilud, was recorder; • Ahishar was in charge of the palace; 1. Ben-hur over the hill country of Ephraim 3. Ben-hesed over Arubboth 6. Ben-geber over Ramoth-gilead 7. Ahinadab, son of Iddo, over Mahanaim 9. Baana, son of Hushai, over Asher and Bealoth 10. Jehoshaphat, son of Paruah, over Issachar 11. Shimei, son of Ela, over Benjamin 12. Geber, son of Uri, over Gilead 13. An unknown officer over Judah Solomon’s Wisdom Judges 4-5: On the dangers of camping equipment Judges 4 and Judges 5 retell essentially the same story – that of our only female judge, Deborah. The story in Judge 4 is told in prose form, while the story in Judge 5 is a song/poem supposedly sung by two of the principle characters as a summary of the events that have recently transpired. In that sense, it’s quite like Miriam’s song in Exodus 15. Since the two cover much of the same ground, I will be following the Judges 4 account and only reference Judges 5 as interests me at the relevant points in the story. The story takes up after Ehud’s death (skipping over poor Shamgar and his ox-goad), when God sells the people into the hands of King Jabin of the Canaanites. King Jabin, as I am certain you recall, was killed by Joshua in Josh. 11:10-11. But not so fast, contradiction thumpers! Claude Mariottini has an alternative explanation: In Joshua 11:1-14 Jabin appears as the king of Hazor who formed a confederacy of Canaanite kings to fight against Joshua and the people of Israel. In Judges 4:2, Jabin appears as a king of Canaan whose kingdom was in Hazor. For this reason, scholars believe that Jabin was a throne name for the kings of Hazor. Or, of course, it’s possible that the author(s) of Joshua simply ascribed to him all the heroic conquest-related deeds that they’d heard of, which included some that had originally been told of local heroes, called ‘judges’ in this book. This King Jabin has been oppressing the Israelites for 20 years with the help of his commander, Sisera. It is Sisera who plays the part of arch-nemesis to our intrepid heroes in these chapters, and he is certainly a worthy opponent. We are told that Sisera had nine hundred iron chariots! Nine hundred! Iron chariots, if you’ll remember from Judges 1:19, are the super weapon that even an army with God on its side can’t stand against. The Song of Deborah is a little less clear on the aggressor-victim dichotomy, perhaps having been spared, by virtue of its poetic flow, the editing hand that has been making all these heroic stories conform to the ‘a) the people sin, b) God leaves them, c) God takes pity, d) a judge rises, e) the judge brings peace, f) it all starts again’ narrative pattern. And so we are told of God marching out, causing the mountains to quake before him. And we’re told of the caravans ceasing in the days of Shamgar (yes, he does get a mention in Judges 5, though the preceding chapter seems never to have heard of him), implying perhaps that it was the Israelites who were raiding caravans. It’s not clear and, frankly, the language is so awkward that I had trouble following it. It’s Collins who clued me in that there might be a difference between the two accounts: According to Judges 4, the Lord delivered Israel into the hand of King Jabin of Hazor. One might assume, then, that Jabin was the oppressor. The song in chapter 5, however, gives a different impression, as it boasts that the Israelites were successfully plundering the caravan routes. The battle that ensued was not a war of liberation but simply a clash between two groups that had competing economic interests. (A Short Introduction to the Hebrew Bible, p. 110) Enter Deborah We are told of Deborah, Ephraimite prophetess and the wife of Lappidoth. We are told that she was “judging Israel at that time” (Judges 4:4) from under a palm between Ramah and Bethel, where the people would come to her for judgement. I noted as I was reading that the situation looks just like a government seating, in which a leader (a king, chief, or elder) would hear petitions and arbitrate. But it struck me that this was being done under a palm tree – not in a courthouse, or a divan, or even at the city gates. It changed the tone, and the image I got was less “sanctioned official of the law” and more “wise woman in the woods who has popular authority but not legal authority.” Claude Mariottini seems to agree: Since Deborah would not have fit into the traditional social and legal structures of Israel and since she could not act as a judge at the city gate, she probably performed her role at another place and in another setting: under a palm tree. It’s strange, both that she is unique as a female judge and that she seems to be operating outside of the normal social structure. In the words of God himself: Verily, I have never divined what it was about the ancient Jews’ rigidly patriarchal polygamous society that made it so hard for its female chattel to succeed therein; Especially since women were regarded as clean, uncursed, and fit to appear in public nearly three-quarters of the time. (The Last Testament, Javerbaum. p.120) Deborah summons Barak, a military leader. Whatever her seat under the palm tree may suggest, her ability to muster Israel’s armies certainly does give her an aura of formally recognized authority. When she summons Barak son of Abinoam, of the tribe of Naphtali, she tells him in the prose version to gather together soldiers from Naphtali and Zebulun. In the verse, she has him summon Ephraim, Benjamin, Machir (apparently another name for Manasseh), Zebulun, Issachar, and Naphtali. The Transjordan tribes, Reuben and Gilead (apparently another name for Gad), and the coastal tribes of Dan and Asher refused to come. Judah, Simeon, and Levi get no mention at all. And then there’s Meroz. According to Collins: The song singles out the otherwise unknown Meroz to be cursed, because its inhabitants did not come to the aid of the Lord. The song suggests that there was an alliance of tribes who worshipped YHWH. There was some obligation of mutual defense, but there are no sanctions against the tribes that did not show up, with the exception of Meroz (which may not have been a tribe at all). The alliance did not extend to all twelve tribes. The omission of Judah is significant. The bond between Judah and the northern tribes was weak, and this eventually led to the separation of the two kingdoms after the death of Solomon. Judah is included in the Blessing of Moses in Deuteronomy 33, but there Simeon is missing. It would seem that the number twelve was not as stable in the premonarchic period as is often supposed. (A Short Introduction to the Hebrew Bible, p.104) As long as you follow When given his instructions, Barak is unsure. He says: “If you will go with me, I will go; but if you will not go with me, I will not go” (Judges 4:8). According to Claude Mariottini, all of this has to do with the belief that God is with Deborah: Barak was so convinced that Deborah was sent by God that he refused to go into battle without her presence, since her presence with the army would insure the presence of God with Israel and victory against the enemies. In response, Deborah agrees to go, but she tells Barak that “the road on which you are going will not lead to your glory, for the Lord will sell Sisera into the hand of a woman” (Judges 4:9). This, according to Mariottini, is so unthinkable that it would constitute proof that God really was involved in the victory. It’s strange, because my impression when reading was the tonal opposite of what Mariottini sees. In my mind, Barak’s request that Deborah come along was a challenge – he was essentially challenging her legitimacy as a leader when, as a woman, she would not even be going into battle. She rebukes him, not only agreeing to go into battle, but then also taking away (by virtue of her connections with the Big Office) his glory in the endeavour, putting the victory into female hands. It was the “the road on which you are going” phrasing that framed it for me, I think. What could that refer to, if not to Barak’s questioning of God/Deborah’s will in the matter, and his imposition of conditions upon his obedience to God/Deborah’s command? Either way, they head off with their army (whatever its tribal composition), and Sisera takes the bait. In the Judges 5 version, a storm causes the Kishon river to sweep away Sisera’s army (presumably miring those terrifying iron chariots). Seeing the tide of battle and river turn against him, Sisera jumps down from his chariot and runs off on foot. In Jael’s tent We are told of Heber the Kenite. Here, again, we are told that the Kenites are descended from Moses’s father-in-law (here called Hobab, which agrees with Num. 10:29. He is called Reuel in Exod. 2:18-21, and Jethro in Exod. 3:1, 4:18, 18:1, and 18:5). This matches their stated origin in Judges 1:16, though it creates problems in light of their clearly pre-dating Hobab (as they were mentioned in Gen. 15:18-21). Jael and Sisera, by Artemisia Gentileschi Jael and Sisera, by Artemisia Gentileschi This Heber has separated from the rest of the Kenites and settled near Kedesh, where the battle is taking place. We are told, also, that there was peace between Heber and King Jabin, so when Sisera saw their camp, he must have thought that he would find asylum. Instead of meeting Heber, however, he met Heber’s wife, Jael. She invites him into her tent and, in the Judges 4 version, hides him under a rug. Before long, Sisera asks her for a drink of water, and she brings him milk instead (in both version of the story). In the poetic version, she also brings him “curds in a lordly bowl” (Judges 5:25). Sisera then asks her to stand guard at the door and to tell anyone who asks that she is alone. In Judges 4, Sisera is exhausted (presumably from his battle and subsequent flight from such), and he falls asleep. Jael takes the opportunity to jam a tent peg into his skull with a hammer so hard that the peg comes out the other side and is driven into the ground. Even more badass, she apparently does it while he is awake in the Judges 5:27 account. Having murdered Sisera, Jael goes out to meet Barak and shows him the body. For this, she is the “most blessed of women” (Judges 5:24), and fulfils Deborah’s earlier prophecy. There are a few difficulties with Jael’s story. For one thing, I’m pretty sure that murdering their military commander qualifies as a violation of a peace agreement. Not only that, but she murdered a guest in her home – something that seems rather clearly to be a huge no-no in her cultural milieu. It seems that she opportunistically chose to back the winners. None of this is addressed in the text, she is simply lauded for her actions. It’s hard to wonder how this could be, except that her actions benefit Israel. Claude Mariottini takes a different view: However, Sisera’s action was a violation of Ancient Near Eastern traditions. Sisera’s action was a violation of Heber’s family and dishonored Jael by entering her tent. As a man, Sisera should had approached Heber and not his wife. From the perspective of the writer of Judges, Jael’s action was justified. Since Sisera had already violated Jael’s honor, Jael’s act could be seen as a vindication of her honor. The killing of Sisera was one way by which she eliminated the threat to her clan and avenged the violation of her tent. Sisera’s mother The final portion of the story is mentioned only in the Judges 5 poetic version: We get Sisera’s mother fretting that her son still hasn’t returned, but comforting herself by imagining that he must be busy dividing the spoils – and, she thinks, “a maiden or two for every man” (Judges 5:30). It’s rather horrendous that a woman is thinking so callously of the abuse and rape that she imagines others of her gender must presently be subjected to. Of course, in the poem, I suppose it’s meant to be funny – while she imagines her son nailing some captive women, it is in fact a woman who is nailing him. The poem ends with her thinking about all the lovely spoils that her son will be bringing back for her. Final notes Claude Mariottini pointed out something interesting: that the only two women we’ve seen called prophets so far – Deborah and Miriam – both have songs. Deborah’s is, of course, in Judges 5, and Miriam’s is in Exodus 15. I notice, also, that both songs seem to be quite a bit older than texts surrounding them, and that both appear to be somewhat fragmentary. It’s interesting to consider that perhaps Canaanite culture was once far more female-friendly, and that the strongly patriarchal elements came later. Perhaps. I should also mention that Claude Mariottini (who has clearly been a huge help to me in my reading of these two chapters!) has a post about the use of the term “judge” in this book – what it does mean, what it doesn’t mean, and what it may mean. If I tried to explain it here, I’d only be quoting the whole thing, so I’ll link to it instead. Lastly, Jeremy Myers has a post up on Till He Comes that asks whether the Song of Deborah in Judges 5 might not be sexually suggestive. He uses a translation that is quite different from mine, but largely focuses on the juxtaposition between Jael “penetrating” Sisera (with a phallic tent peg) and Sisera’s mother guessing that he must be running late because he’s so busy “penetrating” all those lovely captive ladies. Judges 1-2: Introduction to the judge cycle Judges opens up with a listing of tribal conquests in the Promised Land. There’s evidence of an editor’s hand in trying to place Judges as a continuation from the Book of Joshua (I assume that’s the Deuteronomist editor, given the way it’s done), but it’s sloppy. Even as a translation, it’s quite clear where the older portions are coming through. For example, Judges begins with “after the death of Joshua” (Judges 1:1), but what follows is totally its own thing. The language is different, the tone is different. It’s abundantly clear that an editor, trying to upcycle old stories to make his theological point, simply glued that fraction of a sentence onto the beginning of the text to situate it in the broader historical narrative. You can still see the seams, however, as the sentence continues with the Israelites asking God “Who shall go up first for us against the Canaanites, to fight against them?” If this were really the work of a single historian taking down the narrative as it was, the people would have no cause to ask this as Joshua was the first to go up against the Canaanites. It’s done, that part of the story should be over. Well, here, the answer is Judah. Which is another interesting detail – for a couple sentences, Judah is not a tribe but a person, as he was back in Genesis. It was a tremendous lightbulb moment for me as I saw these three separate layers shine, like looking at pysanki. You have the oldest portion of the story, where the tribes are personified as people who have personalities, deeds, familial relationships. Then you have the middling portion where tribes act independently, trying to carve little territories out for themselves. Finally, you have the newest portion, the portion from whatever region where Joshua is a folk hero, and you have his narrative made grander, his tribe’s history made into the history of all the tribes. Judah asks “Simeon his brother” (Judges 1:3) to help him fight for the land he’s been allotted and, in return, he will help Simeon in his own lands. My study Bible notes that “the tribe of Simeon plays no significant role in the later history of Israel. Not mentioned in the Song of Deborah (5.2-31), it was probably entirely absorbed by Judah at an early day” (p.293). In other words, it seems likely that this story of the two brothers helping each other out likely came out of the memory of their intertwined history. Together, the brothers defeat Adonibezek, who is apparently some sort of leader among the Canaanites and Perizzites. Having defeated him, the brothers then cut off his thumbs and big toes. This is apparently the thing to do with subject kings because Adonibezek, the very opposite of a sore loser, says that he used to have 70 thumbless and big toe-less kings eating his table scraps and that he is now, himself, brought as low. They bring him to Jerusalem and he dies. Tribal Conquests (sort of) The personification of the tribes ends, and the story continues by referring to “the men of Judah” (Judges 1:8). These men fight against Jerusalem (where they, curiously, had brought Adonibezek) and, taking it, set it on fire. They then go after the Canaanites living in Hebron. We start to see how this narrative was once independent of the Joshua account, rather than a continuation of it – Hebron was taken by Joshua in Josh. 10:36-37. Judges 1 - Chariots of IronThen Judah goes off and conquers some other people in other places. One of them is the city of Ekron. This city was allotted to Judah in Josh. 13:3, but was also allotted to Dan in Josh. 19:43. Here, it seems to have reverted back to Judah. The only place where Judah fails, according to the text, is in the plain. Unfortunately, they are not able to defeat them because “they had chariots of iron” (Judges 1:19). You’ll recall, of course, that Manasseh and Ephraim encountered chariots of iron in Josh. 17:16, and had concerns that they might not be able to beat such superweapons. In that story, Joshua reminds them that they have God on their side and therefore even chariots (though they may be of iron!) pose no threat. Clearly, that was a theological insert by our busy little editor rather than a testament to God’s actual power, because Judah is unable to stand against them though that very same Lord was with him (Judges 1:19). Over at Daylight Atheism, Adam Lee tries to understand this passage’s significance in understanding the evolution of religious belief: On the other hand, it may just be that this verse was written when Yahweh was regarded as a local deity, supernaturally powerful but not invincible. In this respect, the biblical authors might have conceived of him as similar to the ancient Greek gods, who according to the Iliad could be wounded by humans. Iron chariots, in the world of the the Ancient Near East, were the most technologically advanced weapon of war in existence. They seem to have played a decisive role in conflicts like the Battle of Qarqar in 850 BCE, when an alliance of smaller kingdoms (including King Ahab of Israel, whom the Bible’s authors reviled) fended off an invasion by the regional superpower of Assyria. It’s possible that the Bible’s original authors imagined God as not powerful enough to overcome this technology, and that the dogma of his total omnipotence was a later innovation. (By Judges chapter 4, God seems to have acquired the ability to defeat chariots.) If so, this verse might be a fossil of that earlier belief, preserved in the text like a prehistoric insect in amber. As a part of modern Judeo-Christian theology it’s like a puzzle piece that doesn’t fit, but if we take a more rational view of the Bible as a collection of human-written and human-compiled documents, verses like this may provide valuable clues about its origin and evolution. What follows is something of a change in tone. While Judah gets about half a chapter narrating its various successes (and one failure), the rest of the tribes are not quite so celebrated: • Benjamin fails to drive our the Jebusites in Jerusalem so that they must live together “to this day” (Judges 1:21) – apparently Judah’s conquest of the city in Judges 1:8 didn’t help. • Manasseh fails to conquer a bunch of places, but at least the Israelites are later able to enslave those natives (Judges 1:27-28). • Zebulun likewise fails a bunch, but enslaves the people later (Judges 1:30). • The same for Naphtali (Judges 1:33). • Ephraim fails, but has to live with the natives without getting to force them into labour (Judges 1:29). • Likewise for Asher (Judges 1:31-32). • Dan is pushed off the plain and into the hills by the Amorites, but Joseph (that would be the combined tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim) come along to harass and enslave them (Judges 1:34-36). It’s implied that all the tribes had some successes and some failures, yet for some reason much is made of Judah’s successes while none are mentioned for the others. I found this strange, and it only got stranger when I read my study Bible notes and found out that Judah’s successes may actually be the work of our old friend the editor: “The account of their [Gaza, Ashkelon, and Ekron] capture is almost certainly unhistorical; the Greek Old Testament (the Septuagint) says specifically that Judah “did not” take them” (p.294). In light of the theological point being set up by this chapter, it would make far more sense for Judah to receive the same treatment as the other tribes. And yet, they are given many successes (and, possibly, even some of their failures were alter edited into successes). It makes little sense, and it’s hard to imagine why the editor included it at all. Itty Bitty Stories The first chapter of Judges includes a few extra stories. The story of Caleb offering up his daughter, Achsah, to any man who takes Debir is taken almost verbatim from Josh. 15:13-19. If you remember, Caleb’s nephew, Othniel son of Kenaz, takes him up on the offer. Once he and Achsah are married, she tells him to petition her father for a field. The granting of the field is skipped over, but having gotten it, Achsah then asks for some springs to go along with it (which she does while dismounting a donkey in both versions, which is a rather random detail to be considered important enough to include in both versions!), and Caleb grants them. We’re also told that the Kenites, which either includes Moses’s father-in-law or who are descended from Moses’s father-in-law (Judges 1:16 – I’m unclear on how to read the passage), went along with Judah into the Negeb and, there, they settled together. My study Bible notes that “the Kenites were a nomadic tribe closely allied to the Hebrews” (p.294). This is not the first time we’ve heard of them: In Genesis, God tells Abraham that his descendants will be given the land that currently belongs to the Kenites, among others (Gen. 15:18-21). The only other mention I can find of them is in Numbers, where Balak has a weird prophecy that involves a Kenite city being burned and the people taken captive (Num. 24:21-22). This is certainly the first time I’ve ever heard them mentioned in relation to Moses or his father-in-law. The final story involves the tribe of Joseph (which appears as a whole tribe, not divided into Ephraim and Manasseh) going after a city named Luz. They send out spies who hang around outside the city until they see a man coming out. They accost him, saying that if he shows them how to enter, they will spare him (apparently the gate is cleverly hidden, bear with me). The man agrees, Joseph’s army destroys the city, and somehow it gets renamed Bethel. The man leaves with his family and heads into Hittite territory, where he founds a new city and names it Luz, presumably for good luck. “That is its name to this day” (Judges 1:26). The moral of the story If you’re confused as to why we’ve just spent half a chapter hearing about Israelite failures, Judges 2 provides your answer. An “angel of the Lord” (Judges 2:2 – who is also the Lord himself?) appears to someone and says that he brought the Israelites out of Egypt on the condition that they “make no covenant with the inhabitants of this land; you shall break down their altars” (Judges 2:2). Their failure to adequately perform is the reason that so many natives remain among them. Further, the punishment of this is that “their gods shall be a snare to you” (Judges 2:3). It’s all rather silly. They are supposed to need God to destroy the natives, but they didn’t destroy the natives, so they’ll be punished by being unable to destroy the natives. Further, the punishment for fraternizing with the enemy is having lots of temptations to fraternize with the enemy. It reminds me of the Garden of Eden story. It’s clear that this passage is an editorial insert that seeks to a) explain the continued presence of non-Hebrews in Israel despite all the “promised land” rhetoric, b) provide a moral context for the stories that are to follow, and c) set up a pattern to explain any contemporary social ills, particularly in relation to foreign peoples. So Joshua – who is suddenly alive again, praise the Lord! – dismisses the people and everything is okay until the generation that had seen God’s works died off. The next generation, however, started serving the Baals and the Ashtaroth (Judges 2:13). This begins a cycle in which God turns against the people, selling them into the hands of the enemy du jour, then cools off a bit and raises up a judge save them, then the judge dies and the people return to their wicked ways, so God throws a fit and sells them into the hands of the next enemy. This is, I am given to understand, the pattern we will see repeated throughout Judges. The backstory out of the way, I believe we should be seeing our first judge on Monday! Joshua 13-21: Land allotments, oh my! Leave a comment Benjamin: Josh. 18:11-26. Zebulun: Josh. 19:10-16. Asher: Josh. 19:24-31. Naphtali: Josh. 19:32-39. Caleb and Joshua The Remainder 1. Kedesh in Naphtali’s territory 2. Shechem in Ephraim’s territory 3. Kiriatharba (Hebron) in Judah’s territory 4. Bezer in Reuben’s territory 5. Ramoth in Gad’s territory 6. Golan in Manasseh’s territory The latter three had already been appointed in Deuteronomy 4. Joshua 11-12: The king(s) in the north Leave a comment Having heard of, but not learned from, the Israelite conquests in the south, Jabin king of Hazor decides to form a new defensive pact with Jobab king of Madon and the unnamed kings of Shimron, Achshaph, the northern hill country, the Arabah south of Chinneroth, the lowlands, and Naphothdor. Altogether, he calls in Canaanites, Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Jebusites, and Hivites, and they all encamp “at the waters of Merom, to fight with Israel” (Josh. 11:5). God gives Joshua a quick pep talk, reminding him not to be afraid, oh and also to make sure that he hamstrings all the enemies’ horses and burns their chariots. Joshua and his army barely have to lift a finger until after the battle is over because God rushes ahead and smites all their enemies, scattering whatever survivors remain. Then Joshua and his men spring into action, hamstringing all the horses (seriously?) and burning all the chariots. These seem like strange details to add, especially given how many times they are repeated. I still don’t understand why the horses needed to be hamstrung rather than, say, simply killed, but Victor Matthews provides some possible explanation for the burning of the chariots: On to Hazor Having removed the feet of the king of Hazor (get it? defeated? de-feeted? Oh, I slay me!), Joshua turns his sword toward the city itself – killing all its inhabitants and burning it down to the ground. On Hazor, my study Bible indicates that it “was one of the largest cities of Galilee. Excavations have impressively demonstrated its importance in antiquity and confirmed the fact that it was captured at about the time indicated in this narrative” (p.277). On the subject, Collins writes: Similar results were obtained at Jericho and Ai, the two showpieces of the conquest in Joshua. Neither was a walled city in the Late Bronze period. Of nearly twenty [page break] identifiable sites that were captured in the biblical account, only two, Hazor and Bethel, have yielded archaeological evidence of destruction at the appropriate period. Ironically, Hazor is said to be still in Canaanite hands in Judges 4-5. (A Short Introduction to the Hebrew Bible, p.96-98) With Hazor out of the way, they move on to a bunch of other cities. These, however, they do not burn to the ground. Rather, they kill all the people but keep the stuff for themselves. As if to fudge over that this is a clear violation of the rules governing holy war laid out in Deut. 20, the narrator tells us that in doing this, Joshua “left nothing undone of all that the Lord had commanded Moses” (Josh. 11:15). Victory of Joshua over the Amalekites, by Nicolas Poussin, c.1625 I also noticed that the narrative construction seems to flip-flop between this God>Moses>Joshua chain and the Moses>Joshua chain that we get, for example, in Josh. 11:12 (“[…] as Moses the servant of the Lord had commanded”). We are told that God “hardened” the hearts of the enemies so that they should seek to fight rather than make peace as Gibeon did, but I have to wonder, whose hearts did he harden, really? According to God’s instructions to the Israelites, they are forbidden from making peace, and have done so only when tricked into it. The consistency of the natives’ hearts seems somewhat irrelevant, given that God has already commanded that they all be slaughtered. As a final note, we are told that Joshua also managed to kill most of the Anakim (except those in Gaza, Gath, and Ashdod), fulfilling the promise made in Deut. 9:3. If you’ll remember, the Anakim were first met by the Israelite scouting party way back in Numbers 13. That done, Joshua was finished “and the land had rest from war” (Josh. 11:23). With that, I am given to understand that the narrative portion of Joshua is essentially over. Booo! According to Collins, the Deuteronomistic Histories favour certain narrative devices, such as speeches and narrative summaries (A Short Introduction to the Hebrew Bible, p.94-95). We’ve seen this, of course, in Deuteronomy. Most notably, all of Deut. 1-3 is a recap of Moses’s story. The summary begins with Moses’s exploits on the eastern side of the Jordan, describing his defeating of King Sihon of Heshbon and King Og of Bashan, because we cannot ever be allowed to forget that Moses beat these two guys. Like, ever. These lands, we are told once again, were given over to the Reubenites, the Gadites, and half the tribe of Manasseh. The rest of the chapter covers Joshua’s exploits, who are helpfully listed: 1. The king of Jericho 2. The king of Ai (which we are told once more is next to Bethel) 3. The king of Jerusalem 4. The king of Hebron 5. The king of Jarmuth 6. The king of Lachish 7. The king of Eglon 8. The king of Gezer 9. The king of Debir 10. The king of Geder 11. The king of Hormah 12. The king of Arad 13. The king of Libnah 14. The king of Adullam 15. The king of Makkedah 16. The king of Bethel 17. The king of Tappuah 18. The king of Hepher 19. The king of Aphek 20. The king of Lasharon 21. The king of Madon 22. The king of Hazor 23. The king of Shimron-meron 24. The king of Achshaph 25. The king of Taanach 26. The king of Megiddo 27. The king of Kedesh 28. The king of Jokneam in Carmel 29. The king of Dor in Naphath-dor 30. The king of Goiim in Galilee (which my study Bible tells me is Gilgal’s Greek name) 31. The king of Tirzah
Skip to content You asked, we listened. Applied Digital Skills is now better integrated with Google Classroom. Seamlessly import your classes, student roster, and more. Playback Speed: In the previous video, you added school criteria you care about, included ways to measure those criteria, and organized your spreadsheet columns from most to least important. You also chose three colleges to compare. In this video, you’ll use Google Search to research your chosen colleges according to the criteria you selected. Then, you’ll record your search results in your spreadsheet. Because you put your most important school criteria in the first column, this will keep you focused on what matters most to you. When you finish, you’ll immediately see how your colleges compare between criteria such as location and available majors. To begin, go to google dot com, and type the full name of the first college from your list in the bar. This helps ensure you find the correct school. Scroll through your search results to make sure you’re selecting the correct college. Look closely; some schools have multiple campuses with the same name. Next, copy the website address. Then, go back to your spreadsheet, and highlight the name of your first college. Add a hyperlink to the college’s name. A hyperlink is specially formatted text that allows you to visit a website by clicking on text in your spreadsheet. Next, search for information to fill out the criteria for each college. You can find many answers on a college’s website. For example, if you entered location, go to the college’s website and look for an address. This might appear on the bottom of the homepage or in a Contact or About section. If you can’t find the location on the school website, do another Google Search for what’s the address of and the school’s name. Once you find specific information for the criteria for a school, enter it into your spreadsheet. Keep your spreadsheet entries consistent. If you record a city and state for one school, do the same for the rest. This affects your ability to filter data in the future, which makes comparing schools even easier. Available majors and degree types may be listed together on a college’s website. Look for sections such as Degree Programs or Courses. Then, enter the information you find under the appropriate header in your spreadsheet You may consider what a campus looks like to be important, too. The school websites may include pictures, or use Google to search for images using the full name of the college and its city and state. Click an image to see its source. This will tell you where it came from, so you can check that the image is credible and actually a picture of the school. Then, go back into your spreadsheet, and enter your rating below the appropriate header. Another criteria might be how far the school is from your home. You may be able to stay at home instead of on campus if it’s close enough, which saves you money. You can measure something like this in travel time. Open a new tab, and go to google dot com. Next, open Google Maps. Enter your home address as your starting point and the college address as your destination. Then, record the travel time in your spreadsheet. Use similar searches to fill in the remaining criteria in your spreadsheet. Once you complete one college, repeat these steps for your other schools. 1. Do a Google search for your college. 2. Add a hyperlink to its website in your spreadsheet. 3. Search and enter information about the college in your spreadsheet. 4. Repeat these steps for all the colleges you’ve listed in your sheet.
Cougar Grade 3 to 5 Language Arts Avatar BCR Staff \| June 4, 2012 1 View 0 Likes 0 Ratings 1 View 0 Ratings Rate it Read the article about the Cougar or print out PDF In this article, there is a sentence “Sight is its most acute sense with a good sense of hearing” Acute means • Having a sharp point • Sensitive • Perceptive • Of great importance Cougars live in the wild • ¼ as long as in captivity • 3 times as long as in captivity • 2 times as long as in captivity • ½ as long as in captivity Look at the photo at the beginning of this article. A caption is the writing that goes with a picture to describe what a picture shows. Write a caption for this picture and then a paragraph explaining why you chose your caption. Teacher’s Answer Key Reading Rubric Writing Rubric This post currently has no responses. Leave a Reply • Copyright 2020 Big Cat Rescue
David Goggins Former Navy Seal Career Development Bryan Cranston Critical Thinking Liv Boeree International Poker Champion Emotional Intelligence Amaryllis Fox Former CIA Clandestine Operative Chris Hadfield Retired Canadian Astronaut & Author from the world's big Start Learning Are Yellow or Blue Taxis Safer? Scientists Crunch the Data If you want to get from A to B more safely, be a little more choosy at the cab rank. A fleet of yellow and blue taxis. Photo: Getty Images If you’ve taken to the United States streets anytime lately, you may have noticed that most public school buses are a very particular shade of yellow. That shade is called National School Bus Glossy Yellow in Canada and the US, and it was specially designed by Dr. Frank Cyr. He was in charge of developing standards for the school bus. While there was no standard prior to this, many wanted something eye-catching so that every driver knew what vehicles hosted dozens of children on their way to learn. So, in 1939, after a long-awaited conference, they chose yellow. Yellow is easy to see in the dim lights of early morning or late evening, and because it's seen across both the green and red cones in the eye, it pops in our vision faster than other colors. It's easier to notice even out of the corner of the eye, and stands out against the fog on a rainy day. What’s more, while the majority of those who are color blind have trouble distinguishing red from green, they can still see yellow just fine. The eye-popping color is just one of the reasons that school buses are one of the safest vehicles to travel in. Amanda Dumas-Hernandez, a Professor of Color Theory, agrees: "Studies have proven that yellow is more visible on a spectral scale. It moves to the foreground while darker colors move to the back. Something yellow appears optically speaking heavier and larger than a darker shape the same size." It makes sense that yellow taxi cabs are safer than the blue ones. According to, blue and yellow cabs have the same rates of fare and spend the same amount of money a month to keep their medallions, so neither set of drivers are more motivated to drive safer. It isn’t like Uber, where drivers are rated by the very customers they drive around. Furthermore, the drivers tend to drive at similar speeds, so the color of the cabs isn’t attracting certain driver personalities. It is mostly linked to the color of the cab. When Dumas-Hernandez learned that blue taxis got in 9% more accidents than a yellow taxi, she was surprised. "I thought it would be more," she said. Accident rate by taxi location. Image: The long-standing association of yellow being the color of cabs means many people purchase cars that are specifically not yellow, because of the connection, but they will purchase blue cars. People are more careful around the yellow vehicle for the same reason they are careful around the school bus: they know what the color means. Blue cars are similar to the color of fog on a rainy day, or the water under a bridge, so because of their lack of distinction, they are more likely to be hit. Blue cabs have approximately six accidents more than their yellow siblings for every one thousand accidents. Yellow cabs are less likely to be hit from behind, whether at day or at night, than blue ones. The color blue blends in with the dark while driving at night, meaning the already troubling act of facing on-coming headlights while your eyes are dilated is more difficult when a blue car is hiding along the road. These findings may prompt introspection and the headquarters of ride-sharing apps like Uber and Lyft, and will push car buyers to consider color not just as a stylistic afterthought, but as a very low-tech but effective safety mechanism that could keep them and their passengers safer. The most immediate application of this research however will be helping people on the street make an easy choice when faced with two competing taxi companies. Of course, this is all a short-term worry: we won't be at the mercy human error for much longer. Take your career to the next level by raising your EQ Emotional intelligence is a skill sought by many employers. Here's how to raise yours. • Daniel Goleman's 1995 book Emotional Intelligence catapulted the term into widespread use in the business world. • One study found that EQ (emotional intelligence) is the top predictor of performance and accounts for 58% of success across all job types. • EQ has been found to increase annual pay by around $29,000 and be present in 90% of top performers. Keep reading Show less Yale scientists restore cellular function in 32 dead pig brains Researchers hope the technology will further our understanding of the brain, but lawmakers may not be ready for the ethical challenges. Still from John Stephenson's 1999 rendition of Animal Farm. Surprising Science • Researchers at the Yale School of Medicine successfully restored some functions to pig brains that had been dead for hours. • They hope the technology will advance our understanding of the brain, potentially developing new treatments for debilitating diseases and disorders. • The research raises many ethical questions and puts to the test our current understanding of death. Keep reading Show less Here’s a map of Mars with as much water as Earth A 71% wet Mars would have two major land masses and one giant 'Medimartian Sea.' Just imagine: a Mars that's as wet as Earth. Image: A.R. Bhattarai, reproduced with kind permission Strange Maps • Sci-fi visions of Mars have changed over time, in step with humanity's own obsessions. • Once the source of alien invaders, the Red Planet is now deemed ripe for terraforming. • Here's an extreme example: Mars with exactly as much surface water as Earth. Keep reading Show less The entrepreneur's guide to success: Follow these tips Starting and running a business takes more than a good idea and the desire to not have a boss. • Anyone can start a business and be an entrepreneur, but the reality is that most businesses will fail. Building something successful from the ground up takes hard work, passion, intelligence, and a network of people who are equally as smart and passionate as you are. It also requires the ability to accept and learn from your failures. • In this video, entrepreneurs in various industries including 3D printing, fashion, hygiene, capital investments, aerospace, and biotechnology share what they've learned over the years about relationships, setting and attaining goals, growth, and what happens when things don't go according to plan. • "People who start businesses for the exit, most of them will fail because there's just no true passion behind it," says Miki Agrawal, co-founder of THINX and TUSHY. A key point of Agrawal's advice is that if you can't see yourself in something for 10 years, you shouldn't do it. Scroll down to load more…
In Games and warm-ups Game Objective: To identify the number of objects in the collection Materials: Two-Colour counters, regular counters or beans WALT: Recognise the number of objects in a collection WILF: Fluency with numbers and the ability to recognise and describe a quantity in terms of its parts, e.g., the ability to see 8 in terms of: 4 and 4, or 5 and 3 more, or 2 less than 10, etc • Throw a small collection of counters on the floor in front of the students (initially begin with counters that are all the same colour) • Without touching the counters, ask students to identify the quantify and explain their thinking, e.g. I see 3 counters and 2 more counters which is 5 counters altogether • Encourage the students to use their knowledge of quantities to help them identify the total, i.e. we do not want students to be counting all Recommended Posts
Skip to content [ allennlp.modules.attention.attention ] An attention module that computes the similarity between an input vector and the rows of a matrix. class Attention(torch.nn.Module, Registrable): \| def __init__(self, normalize: bool = True) -> None An Attention takes two inputs: a (batched) vector and a matrix, plus an optional mask on the rows of the matrix. We compute the similarity between the vector and each row in the matrix, and then (optionally) perform a softmax over rows using those computed similarities. • vector: shape (batch_size, embedding_dim) • matrix: shape (batch_size, num_rows, embedding_dim) • matrix_mask: shape (batch_size, num_rows), specifying which rows are just padding. • attention: shape (batch_size, num_rows). • normalize : bool, optional (default = True) If true, we normalize the computed similarities with a softmax, to return a probability distribution for your attention. If false, this is just computing a similarity score. class Attention(torch.nn.Module, Registrable): \| ... \| @overrides \| def forward( \| self, \| vector: torch.Tensor, \| matrix: torch.Tensor, \| matrix_mask: torch.BoolTensor = None \| ) -> torch.Tensor
Method of writing research article Data Analysis Methods This section should also focus on information on how you intend to analyze your results. You should make the assumption that readers possess a basic understanding of how to investigate the research problem on their own and, therefore, you do not have to go into great detail about specific methodological procedures. Did you include all the important steps. How did you collect the data or how did you generate the data. Describe how you plan to obtain an accurate assessment of relationships, patterns, trends, distributions, and possible contradictions found in the data. In the References section list citations in alphabetical order. You can thank those who either helped with the experiments, or made other important contributions, such as discussing the protocol, commenting on the manuscript, or buying you pizza. Another concerns non-native writers of English: However, there are many details that have to be attended to while writing. How to Write a Research Methodology for Your Academic Article Readers need to know how the data was obtained because the method you chose affects the results and, by extension, how you interpreted their significance. This is how scholarship grows and branches out into new intellectual territory. Methodology refers to a discussion of the underlying reasoning why particular methods were used. Write a How-to Article in 6 Easy Steps Which data analysis methods will you choose. Use strong verbs instead of "to be" Instead of: How do y our results fit into the big picture. As such, it is similar to the social sciences in using qualitative research and intersubjectivity as tools to apply measurement and critical analysis. The quantitative data collection methods rely on random sampling and structured data collection instruments that fit diverse experiences into predetermined response categories. In other words, you should highlight how these theoretical concepts are connected with these methods in a larger knowledge framework and explain their relevance in examining the purpose, problem and questions of your study. How do these results relate to the original question. Describe participants demographic, clinical condition, etc. Therefore, qualitative research requires a more detailed description of the methods used. Real-world contexts reveal behaviors for which you might not be aware. For primary research methods, describe the surveys, interviews, observation methods, etc. You may also like. You may, however, include preliminary results that were used to design the main experiment that you are reporting on. How did you use these methods for analyzing the research question or problem?. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, ; Kallet, Richard H. How to Write a Research Methodology for Your Academic Article “How to Write the Methods Section of a Research Paper.” Respiratory Care 49 (October ); Lunenburg, Frederick C. Writing a Successful Thesis or Dissertation: Tips and Strategies for Students in the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, A research article usually has seven major sections: Title, Abstract, Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion, and References. Determine your focus The first thing you should do is to decide why you need to summarize the article. If the If you are summarizing an article to include in a paper you are writing it may be. Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper: The Methodology Observational research is a group of different research methods where researchers try to observe a phenomenon without interfering too much. Observational research methods, such as the case study, are probably the furthest removed from the established scientific method. The essential question the writer asks herself when writing a how-to is, “What happens next?” If you are about to embark on a how-to, start at what you consider the beginning, and just keep answering that question over and over again. Write a How-to Article in 6 Easy Steps. By: ChristinaKatz \| September 6, RESEARCH. How to write the methods section of a research paper. Research will. Writing research papers does not come naturally to most of us. The typical research paper is a highly codified rhetorical form [1,2].Knowledge of the rules—some explicit, others implied—goes a long way toward writing a paper that will get accepted in a peer-reviewed journal. The methods section of a research paper provides the information by which a study's validity is judged. Therefore, it requires a clear and precise description of how an experiment was done, and the rationale for why specific experimental procedures were chosen. Method of writing research article Rated 3/5 based on 85 review How to write the methods section of a research paper.
The progression of rap essay Category: Works, Published: 09.04.2020 \| Words: 1967 \| Views: 421 Download now When you hear the phrase Hip-Hop, music, dancing, rapping often come to mind. Well, it is all of that and more Hip-Hop is a culture. According to Websters dictionary, tradition is defined as the concepts, habits, skills, artistry, instruments, institutions, etc . of a given people in a given period, world. One specialist defined Hip-Hop as a group of expressions in vocalization, arrangement, dancing as well as the visual arts. More specifically, hiphop is a mix of graffiti, break dancing, djing and mcing (also referred to as rapping), that creates a way of living with its very own language, style of dress, music and attitude thats consistently evolving. Most of these art varieties originated in Nyc. Major credit is given into a man known as DJ Kool Herc who have along with others began the Hip-Hop culture inside the south Bronx. Herc relocated from Discovery bay, jamaica to the Western Bronx part of New York. Hercs initial design incorporated a whole lot of Jamaican style, although New Yorkers are not into reggae yet. He then adapted his style by chanting over the instrumental area of the tracks. Need help writing essays? Free Essays For only $5.90/page Order Now Herc was then credited for having a style of Djing that highlighted rhythm and sound. Following DJ Kool Herc started out rapping the other forms from the culture started to show. For example , art has been drawn on walls since the beginning of time, but a new type of graffiti wall skill came with the hip hop traditions in the late sixties and early on 1970s (when Hip-Hop was thought to have got begun). Though teenagers were scribbling their very own names in walls, indicators and other locations since the 1954s, more and more youngsters began to write after a fresh messenger practically made his mark on society in the early 70s. TAKI set his name just about everywhere he travelled, and on every surface he could find. New york city Citys subway walls and ten car trains slowly became the perfect place for kids to get their term known throughout the city. This kind of graffiti became famous towards the rest of the community in the late 1970s. The subway movement ended in the late 1980s, when the MCA started what is find out as the clean car movement. Quite simply this was a policy of cleaning most train automobiles before we were holding put into support. This meant that no labeled car would ever head out. Without the opportunity to be identified people shed interest in teach cars. Graffiti was typically done by the young and oppressed youth by various ethnic backgrounds as a means of self-expression and relieve of creativeness. Graffiti is known as a highly individualized style, which can be name focused and personal, as its just one way of artistic appearance. The most basic sort of graffiti can be tagging, which can be just producing a word or nickname in certain form of extravagant lettering, often a variation of program or calligraphy. Beyond that, there are many different models that change from writer to writer. Break dancing is yet another element that makes up the culture of Hip-Hop. This form of dancing surfaced in the 1970s.. Basically any song can be split up to a fundamental repeated style. By duplicating this design, DJs created a conquer that was ideal to dance more than. This is known as breakbeat. Because it is performed over the breakbeat the main cause for the name break dancing ought to be obvious. Break dancing is incredibly different from some other dancing since it is performed in the street, while wearing a pair of sneakers and a piece of cardboard. It is a kind of expression with which one ballerina makes a maneuver, and then an additional dancer realizes that body language will not a relocate response. This dance form became while highly customized and sampled as graffiti, especially while speed and determination was your goal. The kids and those in street bande in the South Bronx will be the ones who have began utilizing this dance before many others. The youths in street gangs were proven to have done their very own battling this way: competing through this boogie instead of fighting. These tournaments came to be called breaking challenges. Some of the characteristics of this sort of dance include head content spinning, back spinning and complicated leg goes at a really fast rate of velocity. From here, break dancing groupings (or crews as they were often called) were shaped. These organizations would practice and carry out together. Since many of the youths didnt have got anything else to do, they would practice for hours at a time developing sessions to perform, and often performing before audiences. Break dancing and graffiti have the lowest revenue potential of any component of Hip-Hop, and so, in my opinion are the most pure forms of hip hop. Those who compose or break dance do it not for any cash, but just to do something they love. One more element of the Hip-Hop culture is Djing. Djing is identified as the art of blending, scratching, and making music by dealing with prerecorded (usually records) and making some thing new. Djing came into play throughout the same period as break dancing. Currently rappers began coming into the picture. As this kind of happened, right now there became a need to produce a more repetitive, beat-oriented background that individuals could hip hop over. With the need for more beats, DJ Kool Herc was the 1st to DISC JOCKEY with two turntables That didnt have long for the DJ to become an important factor inside the growth of Hip-Hop. DJs are looked upon to keep the crowd partying over the night and on the dance floor. The art of scratch is like a miracle. A DJ may grab any recorded sound and manipulate this to say whatsoever they want it to say. DJs brought into play a new musical instrument the turntable. Mcing (rapping) is a very huge element of Hip-Hop (if not the largest). Rap was separated from the DJ plus the rappers began to create words of the tune that would impress crowds of people. However they still work together to create a refreshing product the fact that hip hop community will want to pay attention to. In the beginning there have been no records and Mcing was just done just for fun. Rap is said to have a large number of origins and is traced back in old Marrano spirituals, Blues, and brighten. Rap is a modern form and account telling, and continues to be a part of the cultural movement. This relates the hardships, challenges and triumphs of urban Americans and people from this country. Though rap has changed into a worldwide and culture extensive form, the core of rap is still based in downtown America. More specifically, rap music is a cultural expression which gives voices to those who during the past were unheard. From the beginning, rap music has put in words the pleasures and problems of urban existence in present day America. Generally, rappers tend to rap about how to avoid bunch pressures but still earn community respect, how to approach the loss of a lot of friends to gunfights and drug overdoses, and notify elaborate, and sometimes violent tales. All though there are some whom feel that hip hop music is always to angry, or promotes assault, it must be noticed that quite often these types of songs are in reality honest stories regarding the life of the people telling the storyplot. As time moves on, hiphop music continuing to prosper the most in the Hip-Hop tradition. It is reputed for bringing together a tangle of some of the most intricate social, and political issues in present day American society. Rap at first caught about because of the fact that this offered fresh urban Folks in ny a chance to widely express themselves and it was available to anyone that wanted to do it. They now a new chance to share with their your life stories in a manner that people were not used to hearing. With rap, along with graffiti, and break moving, you didnt have to purchase any type of lessons or any additional training. Rapping, in essence, is actually a verbal skill. Rap also offered unrestricted challenges since there were simply no real group of rules apart from it had to be original and the rhyme was to the beat in the music. One more aspect that made it therefore attractive is that rap could possibly be about any and/or every thing. Because there had been no guidelines to rapping, the individuality of whomever was rapping came through inside the music. As Rapping grew within the city ghettos, designers started to evolve and record rap. Out of this, the music market took hold and commercialized this as the record product labels saw it is money making potential. Because of this there are plenty of who feel that rap is no longer the great social voice that it once was. Now that mainstream America has become accustomed to the idea that this music that was once confined to the urban sections of our country, is actually a part of everyday activities, it has become much easier to exploit this and make money off of it. The original intent of the ethnical movement continues to be put on the back burner in many cases so that record companies, often quite ignorant towards the social significance of the music, can make a profit. Because hiphop has evolved into such a sizable industry, it gives the optical illusion of being an easy escape through the harshness of inner city lifestyle. Rapping is incredibly hard work and time consuming. It might not be performed by just any one. Not long after the emergence in the recording of rap, videos became which will allowed a face to go with the recording. It allowed the world to see who was creating it, the actual looked like this allowed rap to actually be viewed all over the world. MTV plays Hip-Hop videos, and has motivated the creation of Hip-Hop and L & N based video channels including BET. Since the birth of the visual aspect of hip hop, commercialization has played a large part in the progression of hip hop and rap. Now more then at any time the effects of Rap can be seen in day-to-day America. You will find rappers just like Ice cube, and Ice cubes T acting in significant motion pictures. All over the place that you appear, you can see many people coming from all ages using clothing inspired by hiphop and even the very way that we speak have been affected while slang becomes a more acceptable form of phrase. In conclusion, Hip-Hop is the lifestyle from which hiphop emerged although consists of the four primary elements: Graffiti, Break dancing, Djing and Mcing (Rapping. Although break dancing and graffiti aren’t as wide-spread as they once were, it should be noted that most aspects of Hip-Hop culture still exist theyre only on fresh levels. Today the Hip-Hop movement is usually coming on solid. The activity is trying to train people about Hip-Hop as well as four components. Hip-Hop offers helped to shape America today. It has given a voice to people that were earlier left unheard, and given urban young ones entry to a three billion dollar a year business. The Hip-Hop traditions is now integrated in anything today by movies and TV, to clothes, presentation and the method we connect to each other.
About Proton Therapy What is Proton Therapy? Proton radiation treatment, or proton beam therapy, is the most precise and advanced form of radiation therapy available today. It is a painless, non-invasive treatment that allows patients to maintain their quality of life and quickly resume normal activities. This is because proton therapy allows physicians to deliver full or higher treatment dosages that destroy the main tumor site without causing harm to surrounding healthy tissue or organs. What is Proton Therapy? What Makes Proton Therapy Better? Proton therapy is a better than standard radiation therapy for cancer because it is more precise and causes less damage to a patient’s body. Conventional radiation therapy uses photons, X-rays, to attack cancerous and noncancerous tumors. Photon beams carry a low radiation charge and have a much lower mass than proton beams. As a consequence, much of a photon beam’s energy is deposited in the healthy tissue surrounding a tumor causing side effects and unnecessary tissue damage while sometimes not even reaching the tumor with an adequate dose of radiation. In contrast, protons carry a charge and have a greater mass than photons. This allows them to be energized to specific velocities. As the protons travel through the body they slow down as they interact with electrons. When they have slowed down sufficiently, they release a burst of energy. By regulating the velocity of the protons, a physician can design the proton radiation treatment so this burst occurs at the precise site of the cancer or benign tumor, minimizing damage to healthy tissue. The greater control offered by proton radiation is also what allows physicians to offer superior treatment management. It also contributes to the quicker recovery times and minimal side effects. Though proton therapy treatment is painless and non-invasive there are some potential side effects including nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.
Idaho, United States Idaho, United States Moscow, city, seat (1888) of Latah county, northwestern Idaho, U.S. The city is situated on Paradise Creek, in the Palouse country just north of Lewiston, near the Washington border. The area was settled in 1871 and developed as a stagecoach station. Local farmers called the area Hog Heaven. The origins of the name Moscow are disputed; some hold that the town was named by Jonathan Neff, a homesteader who had lived near the hamlet of Moscow, Pennsylvania, and who liked the romantic associations of the name, while others believe that the name comes from the Nez Percé masco, meaning “flax,” which grew abundantly in the region. The establishment of the University of Idaho (1889) there was a major factor in the city’s development. Moscow is also the seat of New St. Andrews College (1994). Agriculture (peas and wheat), lumbering, and clay production are the major economic activities in the surrounding area. St. Joe National Forest is to the northeast. Inc. town, 1887; city, 1893. Pop. (2000) 21,291; (2010) 23,800. Britannica Quiz States of America: Fact or Fiction? No U.S. state borders only one other state. Subscribe Today!
My watch list Ribonuclease A Ribonuclease A (RNase A) is an endonuclease that cleaves single-stranded RNA. Bovine pancreatic RNase A is one of the classic model systems of protein science. The importance of bovine pancreatic RNase A was secured when the Armour & Co. (of hot dog fame) purified a kilogram of it, and gave 10 mg samples away free to any interested scientists. The ability to have a single lot of purified enzyme instantly made RNase the model system for protein studies. RNase A was the model protein used to work out many spectroscopic methods for assaying protein structure, including absorbance, circular dichroism/optical rotary dispersion, Raman, EPR and NMR spectroscopy. RNase A was also the first model protein for the development of several chemical structural methods, such as limited proteolysis of disordered segments, chemical modification of exposed side chains, and antigenic recognition. RNase A was the third protein to have its structure solved, in 1967.[1] Studies of the oxidative folding of RNase A led Chris Anfinsen to enunciate the thermodynamic hypothesis of protein folding, which states that the folded form of a protein represents the minimum of its free energy. RNase A was the first protein for showing the effects of non-native isomers of X-Pro peptide bonds in protein folding. RNase A was the first protein to be studied by multiple sequence alignment and by comparing the properties of evolutionarily related proteins. Structure and Properties RNase A is a relatively small protein (124 residues, ~13.7 kDa). It can be characterized as a two-layer α + β protein that is folded in half to resemble a taco, with a deep cleft for binding the RNA substrate. The first layer is composed of three alpha helices (residues 3-13, 24-34 and 50-60) from the N-terminal half of the protein. The second layer consist of three β-hairpins (residues 61-74, 79-104 and 105-124 from the C-terminal half) arranged in two β-sheets. The hairpins 61-74 and 105-124 form a four-stranded, antiparallel β-sheet that lies on helix 3 (residues 50-60). The longest β-hairpin 79-104 mates with a short β-strand (residues 42-45) to form a three-stranded, antiparallel β-sheet that lies on helix 2 (residues 24-34). RNase A has four disulfide bonds in its native state: Cys26-Cys84, Cys58-110, Cys40-95 and Cys65-72. The first two (26-84 and 58-110) are essential for conformational folding; each joins an alpha helix of the first layer to a beta sheet of the second layer, forming a small hydrophobic core in its vicinity. The latter two disulfide bonds (40-95 and 65-72) are less essential for folding; either one can be reduced (but not both) without affecting the native structure under physiological conditions. These disulfide bonds connect loop segments and are relatively exposed to solvent. Interestingly, the 65-72 disulfide bond has an extraordinarily high propensity to form, significantly more than would be expected from its loop entropy, both as a peptide and in the full-length protein. This suggests that the 61-74 β-hairpin has a high propensity to fold conformationally. RNase A is a basic protein (pI =8.63); its many positive charges are consistent with its binding to RNA (a poly-anion). More generally, RNase A is unusually polar or, rather, unusually lacking in hydrophobic groups, especially aliphatic ones. This may account for its need of four disulfide bonds to stabilize its structure. The low hydrophobic content may also serve to reduce the physical repulsion between highly charged groups (its own and those of its substrate RNA) and regions of low dielectric constant (the nonpolar residues). The N-terminal α-helix of RNase A (residues 3-13) is connected to the rest of RNase A by a flexible linker (residues 16-23). As shown by F. M. Richards, this linker may be cleaved by subtilisin between residues 20 and 21 without causing the N-terminal helix to dissociate from the rest of RNase A. The peptide-protein complex is called RNase S, the peptide (residues 1-20) is called the S-peptide and the remainder (residues 21-124) is called the S-protein. The dissociation constant of the S-peptide for the S-protein is roughly 30 pM; this tight binding can be exploited for protein purification by attaching the S-peptide to the protein of interest and passing a mixture over an affinity column with bound S-protein. [A smaller C-peptide (residues 1-13) also works.] The RNase S model system has also been used for studying protein folding by coupling folding and association. The S-peptide was the first peptide from a native protein shown to have (flickering) secondary structure in isolation (by Klee and Brown in 1967). Enzymatic Mechanism The positive charges of RNase A lie mainly in a deep cleft between two lobes. The RNA substrate lies in this cleft and is cleaved by two catalytic histidines, His12 and His119, via a 2^{\prime}-3^{\prime} cyclic phosphate intermediate that is stabilized by nearby lysines such as Lys7, Lys41 and Lys66. Anti-cancer effects RNase A, and to a greater extent its oligomers and some homologs (such as onconase from frogs), have cytotoxic and cytostatic effects, particularly on cancer cells. This has led to the development of onconase as a cancer therapeutic, particularly for external use against skin cancers. As with many protein drugs, the internal use of non-human ribonucleases such as onconase is limited by the patient's immune response. Other biological effects Ribonuclease is also related to angiogenin, which is involved in blood vessel development. See also 1. ^ Wyckoff HW, Hardman KD, Allewell NM, Inagami T, Johnson LN, Richards FM. The structure of ribonuclease-S at 3.5 A resolution. J Biol Chem. 1967 Sep 10;242(17):3984-8. PubMed • D'Alessio G and Riordan JF, eds. (1997) Ribonucleases: Structures and Functions, Academic Press. • Raines RT. (1998) "Ribonuclease A", Chem. Rev., '98, 1045-1065. • Scheraga HA, Wedemeyer WJ and Welker E. (2001) "Bovine Pancreatic Ribonuclease A: Oxidative and Conformational Folding Studies", Methods Enzymol., 341, 189-221. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Ribonuclease_A". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
Save On Family FinderY-DNA, and mtDNA During Our Annual Summer Sale! Ends Aug 31 • 1432 members About us Various Sources for the Allen/Allan/Allyn/Allin Name Meaning English and Scottish: from a Celtic personal name of great antiquity and obscurity. In England the personal name is now usually spelled Alan, the surname Allen; in Scotland the surname is more often Allan. Various suggestions have been put forward regarding its origin; the most plausible is that it originally meant ‘little rock’. Compare Gaelic ailín, diminutive of ail ‘rock’. The present-day frequency of the surname Allen in England and Ireland is partly accounted for by the popularity of the personal name among Breton followers of William the Conqueror, by whom it was imported first to Britain and then to Ireland. St. Alan(us) was a 5th-century bishop of Quimper, who was a cult figure in medieval Brittany. Another St. Al(l)an was a Cornish or Breton saint of the 6th century, to whom a church in Cornwall is dedicated. Allen is a surname of English, Scottish and Irish origin, coming from aluinn meaning 'fair' or 'handsome'.[1] Allen is the 42nd most common surname in the United Kingdom.[2] It is reported as 27th in a list of common surnames in the United States.[3] In Ireland, Allen is the Anglicization of the Gaelic name Ó h-Ailín ALLEN Surname Meaning & Origin: The Allen and Allan surname derives from "aluinn," meaning fair or handsome. The Allan surname spelled with an "a" is generally considered to be associated with Scottish clans, including Clan Donald, Clan Grant, Clan MacFarlane and Clan MacKay. Spelled with an "e," however, the Allen surname is generally considered to be English in origin. However, a variety of names from a variety of regions might be anglicised as either Allen or Allan, so the name spelling may not point to your family's origin.
Why Video Games Cost So Much To Make Why Video Games Cost So Much To Make Video game publishers are notoriously secretive about the budgets behind their games, but when a number does slip out, it can be shocking. Games like Call of Duty and Grand Theft Auto cost hundreds of millions of dollars to make, which is tough to fathom — until you do the maths. While reporting for my recently released book about how games are made, I asked a ton of developers how they calculate their budgets. A few of the bigger companies wouldn’t get into specific numbers — like I said, notoriously secretive — but all of the studios that did answer offered the same magical number: $US10 ($13),000 ($12,560). Specifically, $US10,000 ($12,560) per person per month. “That’s a good ballpark number,” said Obsidian’s Adam Brennecke, executive producer of Pillars of Eternity and its upcoming sequel. “Based on the average salary for a developer plus overhead, it costs about $US10,000 ($12,560) per person at the studio. Some are more expensive. And that’s how you usually do budgets with publishers too.” That number — which might go even higher if you’re in an expensive city like San Francisco — accounts for salary, office rent, insurance, sick days, equipment, and any other costs that come up over the course of development. It’s widely considered to be a good estimate for how much a video game production will cost, no matter how big a team gets. So let’s do some maths. Say you’re an indie studio that just raised some money on Kickstarter. You think you can make your Earthbound-inspired, 16-bit-style RPG in a year and a half (18 months) and you think it will take five people: a designer, a programmer, a musician, and two artists. 5 * 18 * 10,000 = $US900,000 ($1,130,439). Hope you didn’t have any stretch goals! Say you’re a mid-sized team like Obsidian or Double Fine. You’re making a new console game that needs to look good, but nobody expects you to have the most polygons or the highest-end graphics. You’re putting a team of 40 on your psychedelic rhythm game, and you’re planning a schedule of around two years (24 months). 40 * 24 * 10,000 = $US9,600,000 ($12,058,013). Don’t worry — at least people on the internet will accuse you of stealing money! Say you’re a massive publisher that’s trying to compete with the Red Dead Redemptions and Destinys of the world. You’re making a military shooter, of course. In order to hit the graphical fidelity that your fans expect, you need a staff of at least 400, and you need to give them three years (36 months). 400 * 36 * 10,000 = $US144 ($181),000,000 ($180,870,192). And that’s before the inevitable delay, not to mention the marketing. Those CGI commercials aren’t gonna pay for themselves. I might be lowballing here. Many big games have development staffs across multiple studios, and if you go into the credits and count up everyone on a game like Destiny 2 or Assassin’s Creed Origins, you might get into the thousands. Multiply that $US144 million ($181 million) budget accordingly. This is why video games cost so much to make, why video game companies are so volatile, and why observers like me worry that the video game industry’s current path is not sustainable. • I’d comment that if the current industry path is not sustainable then it needs to change. All industries face external pressures (rising costs, competive pressures, changing consumer tastes, etc) that they can’t control, but rather need to adapt to. Kickstarter is one response – fans will pay above market rates for niche products they like. That’s great! I can think of many games where I easily got far more enjoyment out of it than the price I paid for it. And studios will fail when they don’t hit the mark with their output. That’s crushing, but the money and talent could be better used elsewhere. I’m not trying to make a “the market rules” argument here, but any industry needs to justify its existence, not cry out for help to sustain it. • The movie industry is the same and to make it sustainable they auction their work off to studios to the lowest bidder forcing studios looking to work to just scrap by hoping that the work they do can land them a better deal next time. It’s a vicious cycle which not only applies an inordinate amount of pressure on the publisher to make games as cheap as possible but for people to sell themselves even lower so that they can survive until that big break they so desire/need. • Kickstarter has had a lot of high profile failures that are poisoning the well. People are much more suspicious of early access or Kickstarter titles as a result – and it illustrates why publishers still have a place in gaming (if only to keep developers on track). Kickstarter probably demonstrates how sometimes a game is bad because the developer fucked up, not because of the evil publisher. • Well just imagine how much sales Activision is making just to make not only Crash Bandicoot N Sane Trilogy but other Activision games like Call of Duty Skylanders and Destiny 2 they’re getting a huge increase in sales and so are the team at Vicarious Visions. • Hmmm, so Star Citizen must be in a bit of financial strife then, considering all its start-up costs like building studios from scratch. How long’s it been in full development for, with 300-400 employees? About 2-3 years? Rapidly approaching the point where investors (who are different from the crowd-funders) must be wondering if they’ll ever make their money back. Of course, the crowd-funders knew the risk they were taking by ‘pledging’, and will have to take whatever ‘game’ is currently available when development inevitably downsizes to skeleton staff. Investors, however, will be looking at sales to consumers who have not crowd-funded. How many that might be is anyone’s guess, but you’d expect the sales to be somehow inversely proportional to the increase in crowd-funding, since everyone who crowd-funds for the minimum package is someone who will not need to buy the game when it releases commercially. I’d love to see CIG’s financials, although they will fight tooth and nail to avoid releasing that information, for obvious reasons. • The equation doesn’t really apply at all scales, I’m not sure what Schreier used for sources (I know, ‘a ton of developers’, but that’s not very specific) and I’m not interested in his book to find out. Cost per head is a bell curve that goes down as studio size goes up, hits a plateau and starts to go up again as size gets too large as it’s lost in bureaucracy costs. Multiple studios, outsourcing or carefully designed flat structure are usually the ways to combat the upward part of the curve; CIG seems to have used the first option. • Yeah, I agree with you about the equation, but I think that it would give you a ballpark idea for most mid-large operations. Using contractors will be both beneficial (you don’t pay for overheads) and detrimental (higher short-term cost per head). I think CIG having built LA and Wilmslow studios from scratch (including mo-cap studio etc) will be somewhat counter-balanced by using existing or refitted facilities such as Frankfurt and Austin. Great blog post by Matt over at Gamasutra – https://www.gamasutra.com/blogs/GamesandData/20170901/304964/Star_Citizen_A_Close_Look_at_the_Cash.php He estimates that CIG could be spending as little as $90K per head per year instead of $120K industry standard but says that would be an extreme best-case scenario, and realistically would be somewhere in between. I’m not sure the $10,000 rule applies to indie developers (at least in the early days). They don’t tend to have actual offices (or if they do, it’s a shared space and a minimal expense). They use personal equipment, and pay themselves a flat annual salary (no sick leave, holidays etc.). They’re also not seeking career wages, which that number includes. I’d imagine in most cases indie developers looking for funding will likely take wages far below the industry norm, if at all. Successful indies (finishing their project) make sure they can actually live on their reduced salary. The unsuccessful ones underestimate their cost of living. Of course I’m generalising, but in my experience that’s been the case. The number is certainly a good indication for studios that hire qualified employees. • Yes, that’s really what it comes down to the end. Developers are highly trained and expensive, and they only get more expensive as you try to create an environment that attracts the best. You can understand why publishers try to do as many re-releases and re-masters as they can. In many cases, you’d find that the lower development headcount will be offsetting the cost of their more ambitious games! • You should, my job is super cruisy haha. Boss has this lovely work philosophy which involves no crunch, overtime, and 9-5 days with plenty of time off. • all of the studios that did answer offered the same magical number: $US10 ($13),000 ($12,560).$US10 ($13),000 ($12,560) is a magical number all right. :/ • Nintendo has pushed this topic for a while, aiming rather to create fun experiences on a smaller scale, ala Switch for example. Video games are a luxury, like high end cars. One day, there just won’t be ppl wealthy enough to afford Bugatti’s n Ferrarri’s all the time. Games will have to hit a production cap soon • $10,000 for a person-month doesn’t seem very high. I work for a decidedly non-game company (which does not have the multi-million dollar budgets of a AAA game studio) and the internal finance process for a project typically bills $80-100 / hour for one person. A work day is 7.5 hours (8 hours minus a lunch break). A week is 5 days. So, a 5 day work week yields 37.5 hours of billable time: 5 * 7.5 Assume 1 month yields exactly 4 weeks – it’s generally a bit longer, but this keeps the maths simple. $80 * 37.5 * 4 = $12,000 So, $10,000 for game dev seems… not that remarkable. Log in to comment on this story!
General Knowledge-About Indian Railways - ObjectiveBooks General Knowledge-About Indian Railways Practice Test: Question Set - 04 1. The headquarters of Northern Railway is at (A) New Delhi (B) Guwahati (C) Gorakhpur (D) Mumbai (CST) 2. The headquarters of South Railways is situated at (A) Kolkata (B) Chennai (C) Delhi (D) Mumbai 3. In which institution the training of electric work is being given? (A) Indian Railways Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (B) Indian Railways Institute of Electrical Engineering (C) Railway Staff College (D) Indian Railways Institute of Civil Engineering 4. Who invented the railway engine? (A) Charles Babbage (B) Isaac Newton (C) James Watt (D) George Stephenson 5. Where is the Indian Railways Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering institute situated? (A) Nasik (B) Baroda (C) Jamalpur (D) Pune 6. Which of the gauges is used in the hilly areas? (A) Broad gauge (B) Meter gauge (C) Narrow gauge (D) Special gauge 7. Where is the extreme north of India a railway station? (A) Jammutavi (B) Amritsar (C) Pathancoat (D) Guwahati 8. How many institutions do give suggestions for railways technology? (A) One (B) Two (C) Three (D) Four 9. Diesel Locomotive Works is situated at (A) Perambur (B) Varanasi (C) Kapurthala (D) Bangalore 10. The manufacturing of steam engine in Chittranjan Locomotive Works was stopped in (A) 1974 (B) 1961 (C) 1971 (D) 1973 11. The headquarters of North -East Frontier Railway (NFR) is (A) Kolkata (B) Maligaon (Guwahati) (C) Chennai (D) Gorakhpur 12. In which of the following cities, the first sub-way train was started? (A) Mumbai (B) Delhi (C) Kolkata (D) Chennai 13. Shatabdi Express train was started in (A) 1984 (B) 1988 (C) 1990 (D) 1985 14. Which Zone is the largest in Indian Railways? (A) Central Railway (B) Northern Railway (C) Eastern Railway (D) Western Railway 15. The railway station situated in the extreme south is (A) Chennai (B) Cochin (C) Kanyakumari (D) Trivandrum Show and hide multiple DIV using JavaScript View All Answers Blogger Comment Facebook Comment
U.S. Army Central Feature Stories Starting and ending your day with a salute By Story by Staff Sgt. Anri Baril \| U.S. Army Central \| June 23, 2020 SUMTER , SC, UNITED STATES 06.23.2020 -- SHAW AIR FORCE BASE, S.C. -- Twice a day, Soldiers stand at the position of attention, saluting the U.S. flag during the playing of reveille and retreat. Soldiers often rise well before the sun, dutifully following steps of a routine to prepare for the challenges they will face each day. A Soldier’s day does not truly begin until they take part in a ritual that dates back to the founding of our nation's military: rendering honors to the colors during the playing of reveille and retreat. “Rendering honors to the colors is a time honored tradition that is a matter of pride,” said Sgt. Maj. John Condliffe, U.S. Army Central’s Operations Sergeant Major. “Pride in the defense of the country, and pride in defense of those who can't defend themselves.” The origins of the term “retreat” is taken from the French word “retraite,” which refers to the evening ceremony. The bugle call sounded at retreat was first used by the French army as far back as the First Crusades. Retreat was sounded at sunset to notify sentries to start the challenging procedure (halting people and demanding identification) until sunrise, and to tell the Soldiers to return to their quarters. To this day, the ceremony remains a military custom practiced around the world. The old cavalry call “To the Standard,” that was used since about 1835, has been replaced by the present call of “To the Colors,” which is afforded the same respect as the playing of the national anthem that is played immediately afterward here at Shaw AFB as the flag is lowered in the evening. Reveille was not originally intended as honors to the flag. In 1812, it was a drum call as an alarm for Soldiers to rise for day duty and a signal to sentries they could leave off night challenging. As time passed, reveille came to denote when the flag was raised in the morning as honors were paid. According to Army Regulation 600-25, Salutes, Honors and Visits of Courtesy, Soldiers in uniform will stop, stand at attention, face the flag or direction of the music, and salute once Reveille begins playing. Civilians and Soldiers not in uniform will stand at attention, face the flag or music, and place their right hand over their heart. The same procedure is required when "To the Colors" begins. At Shaw AFB and most military installations, this show of respect will be executed by any person who is outdoors and doing any activity to include, but not limited to, walking and individual or unit physical training. Provided it is safe to do so, any personnel who is driving on post will pull over, park, exit the vehicle, and render honors to the flag. If personnel cannot do this safely, they should continue to move with the flow of traffic to avoid any accidents. “While the sound of the bugle may stop us from what we are doing momentarily,” said Command Sgt. Maj. Joserolando Rodriguez, USARCENT Headquarters and Headquarters Battalion Senior Enlisted Advisor, “the tradition and honor that accompanies the music deserves a moment of our time.” “When we're rendering honors to the colors, we're not rendering honors as allegiance to the military, we're rendering honors as an allegiance to the people of the United States,” continued Rodriguez. “We're respecting everyone else in the country. That respect is associated with the values of our country and our freedom as citizens of the United States.”
Department of Visual Art and Art History 2020-08-14T21:13:49Z Mapping the Multicoloured Inukshuk in Canada's Multicultural Landscape Mapping the Multicoloured Inukshuk in Canada's Multicultural Landscape Harris, Rachel My paper is a study of the sixty year history of the inukshuk’s cultural appropriations from humanoid-rock-formation to Canadian-Nunavut-Olympics icon. It traces the inukshuk variant in Canadian visual culture from its Inuit source in southern Canada to its cultural appropriations in popular culture, state insignia and in the monuments and stone formations that thread the Canadian wilderness into an east to west tundra simulacra. It focuses on issues of cultural appropriation and Canadian identity representation, which are significant for current cultural property relations between nation-state, the Fourth World and the Olympics. Comparing the interrelationship between the references to Canada’s northern landscape in the Vancouver 2010 Olympics logo, known as Ilanaaq, and the Nunavut and Canadian flags’ foregrounds the complexity of the cultural property debate. I posit that the visual pairing of the inukshuk and the maple leaf in the design of Ilanaaq demonstrates how the idea of Canada-as-North has evolved into a multicultural tundra simulacrum. This evolution has occurred in tandem with official recognition of Inuit voice in the formation of Nunavut. I come to the assertion that in the image of Ilanaaq the essentialist division between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Canadians nevertheless persists in an idea of Canada as multicultural nation. Unless Ilanaaq’s likeness to the Nunavut flag provides an alternative reading for the Canadian-Olympics icon as reapreappropriated symbol of Inuit self-representation, the VANOC logo is nothing more than a problematic form of Canadian identity representation. 2009-08-01T00:00:00Z
Watertown Urban Mission Community Garden Oakfield Corners Dairy Image by Oakfield Corners Dear Aggie How do farmers keep their cows cool in the summer? The summer heat can be enjoyable, but it can also be too hot to handle. In order to feel more comfortable, we seek shade, sit in front of a fan or hop in a pool to cool off. Believe it or not, like humans, cows cool down in a similar way. Farmers work very hard to ensure our bovine beauties don’t overheat with some pretty “cool” practices. Farmers strive to provide the best comfort for their cattle; This way they can remain happy and healthy! Cattle are most content in cooler temperatures. Once the THI, temperature-humidity index, is higher than 68, cattle can experience heat stress. There are negative effects associated with heat stress on dairy cattle that affect their productivity and health. These cattle begin to experience decreased milk production, feed consumption and time laying down. When cattle begin to experience the early stages of heat stress, they will seek shade, begin to sweat, breath faster, increase water consumption and eat less, in order to not ruminate and generate heat.Farmers use four methods to increase cow comfort and decrease heat stress on farms: shade, curtains, fans & sprinklers. When cattle are in barns, farmers are able to control the cattle’s environment and shield them from extreme weather conditions. This protects them from the extreme heat and also prevents sunburn. For cattle on pasture, farmers can utilize smaller building structures like lean-to’s or trees to provide shade. Shade cloth is another great alternative for shading cattle. Farmers can adjust the temperature in their barns by raising or lowering curtains. This also regulates the amount of fresh air circulating through the barn. Fans are commonly used on today’s farms for heat abatement. They come in a variety of styles and sizes to cater to all barn structures. Fans can be placed above the stalls where cattle lay to encourage the cattle to lay down during the hot months. Fans can also be installed to create a tunnel-ventilation system, which is an effective way of providing increased air exchange and high air velocity for improved hot weather cow comfort. A tunnel ventilation system can be installed in unobstructed rectangular barn layouts. Sprinkler systems can be installed on farms to spray cool water on the cows’ backs. A “cool down effect” is created by the water evaporating off cows’ backs and removes heat energy from cows’ skin. Spray cooling works best as intermittent wetting and cooling/drying of cows’ skin for a better heat transfer from cow to the environment and lowers respiration rates to a stable level. Fans should be run continuously to reach this optimum threshold. As you can see, farmers take extensive lengths to ensure their cows are well-cared for, especially during the heat. For more information on cooling systems for cattle or other dairy & livestock related questions, contact Gabby Wormuth, the Dairy & Livestock Specialist for Cornell Cooperative Extension of Jefferson & Lewis County at grw67@cornell.edu. Catherine Moore Agriculture and Natural Resources Issue Leader (315) 788-8450 ext. 236 Last updated August 5, 2020
Nutrients for Healthy Bones Calcium is not the only thing you need for strong bones. In fact, if you supplement calcium without taking all the other nutrients into account, you may be making your bones more brittle and increase the chances of having a fracture. Understanding the structure and function of bones will help us figure out why calcium alone is not the answer. Bones are composed of calcium phosphate salts (65%) for hardness, and a collagen matrix (35%) for flexibility. When all the calcium from a bone is removed, leaving the collagen matrix, the bone will bend, not break, when subjected to stress. When the collagen matrix is removed and the calcium salts remain, the bone will break when stress is applied. For strong bones that can withstand stress, we need many synergistic nutrients besides calcium: magnesium, phosphorus, boron, copper, manganese, zinc, plus the vitamins C, D, K, B6, and folic acid. We also need sufficient amounts of protein for the collagen matrix, and healthful fats for Vitamin D absorption and protection against bone-destroying free radicals. To get sufficient Vitamin D, we need 15 minutes or more of sunlight, or at least daylight, every day, without sunscreen. An SPF of 8 blocks 95% of the production of Vitamin D on the skin and anything higher blocks it all.
The Falcon Not So Heavy Project So far we have an idea how the rocket should look like and how big it will be, but that's not yet a plan! A real plan for building a rocket includes at least answers to the following questions: 1. What will be the overall mass of the rocket at takeoff? 2. Which motors do I need to be able to lift off? 3. How fast will it be when it leaves the ramp? (I'll tell you why this is important) 4. Will it fly stable? 5. How fast and how high will it go? 6. How do I bring it back to Earth in one piece? Some Basics About Model Rocketry Even a model rocket is a rocket. It burns fuel to generate trust which propells the rocket forward. One main difference is that model rocket come down on parachutes which get deployed by an ejection charge which is part of the engine. To understand how much trust you get from the engine and when it will fire the ejection charge, you need to read the engine type description. To read model rocket engines, you just need to understand the simple code they use in the manufacturing process. It consists of a letter and two numbers. The letter, at the front of the code, corresponds to the total amount of energy contained in the motor, this is measured in Newton-seconds. The first number, directly beside the letter, is the average thrust of the motor. The higher the number the faster it burns through the propellant, the more thrust per second. The third number, located after the dash, represents the time delay from ignition to the time the ejection charge fires and deploys the parachute. German law in general restricts us to low power engines, for more powerful rocket you need a special license. For my purpose low power rocket engines of type A, B and C will do the job. They provide between 1 and 20 N·s (newton * second) total impulse. 10 Ns means that a engine may provide 10 N of thrust for 1 second or e.g. 5 Newton for 2 seconds. Engine Types: A 1.26-2.50 N·s B 2.51-5.0 N·s C 5.01-10 N·s D 10.01-20 N·s I plan to use engines of the type C6-5 and C6-0. Both engine types provide 10 Ns total impulse, 6 N of average thrust and the C6-5 has a 5 seconds delay from ignition to parachute ejection. The C6-P has no ejection charge. Open Rocket Having set the cornerstones for size and engines, it is still not clear if this setup will work. The easiest way to find out if this rocket could fly, is to use a simulation software. I'm really happy that there is "Open Rocket", a freeware program which lets you not only design your rockets, but also simulates flights with given engine configurations and weight estimations. What a cool piece of software! The Side Boosters After playing around a while in Open Rocket I found the following configuration: Open Rocket predicts a takeoff mass of 357 g including engines, which is fine for a total thrust of 24 N. We will get an acceleration of 123 m/ss or little more than 12 g. This will make sure that the rocket is fast enough to fly stable after it has reached the end of the 1 meter launchrod. Unfortunately the stability is not very high with just 0.77 caliber. But to get to this stability I already had to add a 30g weight into the nose cone and to put 4 fins at the end of the rocket (which you will not find on the real Falcon Heavy). If I find out that the rocket is unstable (by just test- flying it), the only way to increase stability is to add mass to the nose cone. I can't add larges fins since the boosters are too close together. We will get to an apogee of 200 meters and the 70 cm parachute will provide us a soft landing with only 3,87 m/s. The optimum delay is calculated with 4.8 seconds which fits pretty well with the 5 seconds delay of the C6-5 engine. Please keep in mind that the weight is until now just an estimation of the simulation software. It's up to me to meet the calculated numbers. The Core Stage Here the Open Rocket configuration for the Falcon Heavy core stage: Open Rocket predicts a takeoff mass of 509 g including engines which is still fine for a total thrust of 24 N. And in this case the side boosters will provide extra thrust. For the core Stage alone we will get an acceleration of 98 m/ss, which would be just sufficient (without the side boosters). Unfortunately even here the stability is below 1 caliber. We will need to test fly this thing to find out if it will work or not. We will get to an apogee of 150 meters and the 90 cm parachute will provide us a landing speed of 4,13 m/s. The optimum delay is calculated with 4.35 seconds which fits not really well with the 5 seconds delay of the C6-5 engine but with the extra boost from the side engines we will reach higher speeds and it will be in a acceptable range (firing too late is ways better than firing too early).
The Great Basin’s Lehman Cave “There are two sorts of rocks in Lehman Caves,” the recreation center officer told the gathering. “Headbangers and kneeknockers. Look for both when you’re in there.” Then she drove us through an overwhelming entryway and into a long solid passage. The patter of our strides hustled and crashed along the passage’s length. The serene, 50-degree Fahrenheit (10-degrees Celsius) air chilled us as we went through the entryway that finished the sealed area, and we at long last entered the underground maze. At the point when the sun is setting, Great Basin National Park in east-focal Nevada lies in the shadow of the Snake Range’s Wheeler Peak, which, at 13,063 feet (3982 meters), is the most noteworthy point completely inside Nevada. A huge number of years prior, magma barged in into the joint between the quartzite, constituting the greater part of the Snake Range, and the limestone along the range’s eastern flank. The magma’s warmth transformed a portion of the limestone into marble. That was the critical initial phase in the development of the caverns. At one time, the atmosphere of eastern Nevada was more moist than it is today and, thus, the water table was higher. Water, which ingests carbon dioxide from the air to frame carbonic corrosive – the feeble corrosive of pop – doused into the ground and broke down the marble. As the atmosphere dried, the water table dropped, and the streaming water rose into vaulted rooms and paths. Losing its carbon dioxide, the fluid stored its weight of the mineral calcite (calcium carbonate) at the slower than snail’s pace – an inch for every century – to shape pop straws, stalactite knifes, stalagmite stumps, baffling shields, smooth draperies and segments taking after the remains of antiquated Greece. To keep the contrast between buckle includes clear in your brain recollect that “stalactites” has the letter “c” and this component descends from the roof, and the word for the other surely understood element “stalagmites” has the letter “g” and comes up starting from the earliest stage. So it’s “c” for roof (stalactite) and “g” for ground (stalagmite). As a matter of fact, stalactites end up being pop straws that wound up stopped up. Pop straws have mineral-loaded dilute trickling through the inside and deserting rings of minerals that can expand awesome separations if left undisturbed, up to 30 feet (9 meters). In the event that the end ends up stopped, nonetheless, dilute can begin dribbling the outside of the straw leaving minerals outwardly of the straw that keep on growing an outward way, consequently getting to be stalactites, as the previous straw now begins to thicken. Into the Gothic Palace As the officer drove us past the surrender’s characteristic passageway and into the Gothic Palace, she stopped to enlighten us regarding Absalom S. Lehman. The proprietor of a farm on the eastern slants of Wheeler Peak, Lehman found the collapse 1885. In that year, he guided 800 individuals through its rooms and paths; guests needed to move down steps into the vertical passage, utilizing just light lamps for brightening, as indicated by the officer. At the point when our gathering was somewhat more distant along the way, the officer killed the electric lights, leaving just a flame lamp as our light source. As she raised the lamp from the beginning, shadows moved over the by one means or another broadened chamber. “Would you be able to envision investigating the hollows along these lines?” she inquired. After the lights were exchanged back on, we proceeded with our six-tenths of a mile (1 km) travel through the white complex of tight, curving ways and voluminous chambers. A few passageways resembled craftsmanship exhibitions showing their models straightforwardly. Different passages darkened their fortunes in jumbling folds. 5 Must Haves For Winters Winter is love and I appreciate it to my fullest consistently. It’s the season when my vitality is at the most extreme since I abhor much in summers because of the burning sun sparkling everywhere on my head. I do skiing, skating, and appreciate some other open air play, yet at the same time, there are a few things I generally need to get ready before winters begin. This is what you have to make your winters beneficial. 1. Ski Like I stated, I adore skiing so I require ski shoes and vessels. Go to a nearby games store where business play area hardware is accessible and there you will effectively discover ski things, as well. I more often than not shop in September as it is the time when extraordinary assortment is accessible and store staff treats you well, as well, since they have an a lot of time. 2. Skates Much the same as skiing, I adore skating and I require skates each winter, both for myself and my children. I have seen some utilized sets accessible at various games shops and I was shocked to see their condition. They were adequate for the utilization of both youthful and grown-ups, so ensure you get some of these to benefit as much as possible from coming winters. 3. Excellence Products In winters, skin gets extremely dry and once in a while, even bothersome because of the focal warmth. I generally incline toward keeping coconut oil at my home in winters and I saturate my children with it. In any case, I likewise get some winter creams and salves to ensure my youngsters’ skin does not get influenced. A portion of the brands I have taken a stab at including Nature’s Baby Organics, Earth Mama Angel Baby, and California Baby have given productive outcomes. 4. Lip Balm Much the same as skin, lips get dry a ton amid winters. In this manner, I generally keep a lip salve in my pack and keep one in every one of my child’s pocket. Along these lines, I decrease the odds of overlooking it before getting out. On the off chance that you can’t locate an average chapstick or lip emollient, have a go at saturating lips with coconut oil. It has done marvels for me, to be completely forthright. On the off chance that it sometimes falls short for you, you can likewise attempt basic spread and Aquaphor as a lip medicine. In any case, attempt to utilize them in a little sum with the goal that it won’t bother you. 5. Day off When you get the principal startling snow, you require promptly accessible things like snowshoes, gloves, jeans, caps, and coats. Children get so energized when it’s the primary snow of the year and all they need is to go outside and make a snowman and take pictures. Consequently, your snow adapt must be arranged in advance so you won’t miss that dazzling time. A few schools even request a snow unit, and on the off chance that you don’t get your child one, it will wind up him being inside while his companions are out in the snow wiggling and chuckling around. I am certain you would abhor it so much, so abstain from doing it. You can spare a decent sum on the off chance that you shop in March for snow adapt as there isn’t an interest for these things amid a sweltering climate. Basic Checklist for Sterndrive Maintenance Check liquid levels consistently Grease up Examine the belts and hoses Flush Out the Raw Water Cooling Circuit Change the grease in the motor and stern drive Consider the Microwave Combo Wall Oven When considering a kitchen remodel, one of the most important components to consider are the appliances. Appliances variety extensively in charge and features. Additionally, the vicinity of your home equipment is a big indicator of your overall cooking revel in. Two home equipment really worth noting are the microwave and the oven. Love to entertain? Two phrases: Double. Ovens. Double ovens are fantastic home equipment for the large family that enjoys exciting collectively, or maybe the aspiring chef. A double oven is perfect for making ready a full direction meal without having to re-warmness side dishes or having to spend all day cooking. While double ovens may be a large time saver for some; for most households, a double oven will now not get used quite as regularly. Many owners with a double oven often find out that the double oven is best used throughout vacations, including Thanksgiving and Christmas, where there may be greater cooking to be accomplished. Otherwise, one oven will typically do the trick. Introducing the Microwave The microwave turned into added to the market inside the 1970’s and created a manner for humans to cook food in less time. They were in the beginning designed to be positioned at the countertop. As years went on, many homeowners had been hoping to loose up counter space and area the microwave somewhere else. The Microwave Gets a New Home Some homeowners started out putting in microwaves over the cook dinner top. Over the variety microwaves are notable considering they assist to centralize some of the cooking system. However, professional levels require a more potent ventilator. According to Yale Appliance, “The common hood is 24″ intensive while the OTR is simplest sixteen”. That may be a venting difficulty on a extra powerful variety.” Thus, the over the variety microwave might not be good enough sufficient for a few extra effective prepare dinner tops. Microwave Combo Wall Oven: Combining the Microwave with the Double Oven A tremendous opportunity to an over the variety microwave could be to mix the microwave and the oven. It is ideal for people who love to entertain for the reason that prepare dinner top, oven, and microwave can be placed to use on the same time. Additionally, microwave combination wall ovens typically have the capacity to cook dinner as a microwave, convection oven, or both. As an advantage: Since the microwave is now moved from above the cook dinner pinnacle, this permits for house owners to select out a greater alluring range hood to accentuate the kitchen’s design fashion!
Health Life Concerns over ‘exaggerated’ study claims of AI outperforming doctors Credit: CC0 Public Domain Many studies claiming that artificial intelligence is as good as (or better than) human experts at interpreting medical images are of poor quality and are arguably exaggerated, posing a risk for the safety of ‘millions of patients’ warn researchers in The BMJ today. Their findings raise concerns about the quality of evidence underpinning many of these studies, and highlight the need to improve their design and reporting standards. Artificial intelligence (AI) is an innovative and fast moving field with the potential to improve patient care and relieve overburdened health services. Deep learning is a branch of AI that has shown particular promise in medical imaging. The volume of published research on is growing, and some media headlines that claim superior performance to doctors have fuelled hype for rapid implementation. But the methods and risk of bias of studies behind these headlines have not been examined in detail. To address this, a team of researchers reviewed the results of published studies over the past 10 years, comparing the performance of a deep learning algorithm in medical imaging with expert clinicians. They found just two eligible randomised and 81 non-randomised studies. Of the non-randomised studies, only nine were prospective (tracking and collecting information about individuals over time) and just six were tested in a ‘. The average number of human experts in the comparator group was just four, while access to raw data and code (to allow independent scrutiny of results) was severely limited. More than two thirds (58 of 81) studies were judged to be at high risk of bias (problems in that can influence results), and adherence to recognised reporting standards was often poor. Three quarters (61 studies) stated that performance of AI was at least comparable to (or better than) that of clinicians, and only 31 (38%) stated that further prospective studies or trials were needed. The researchers point to some limitations, such as the possibility of missed studies and the focus on deep learning medical imaging studies so results may not apply to other types of AI. Nevertheless, they say that at present, “many arguably exaggerated claims exist about equivalence with (or superiority over) clinicians, which presents a potential risk for patient safety and population health at the societal level.” Overpromising language “leaves studies susceptible to being misinterpreted by the media and the public, and as a result the possible provision of inappropriate care that does not necessarily align with patients’ best interests,” they warn. “Maximising patient safety will be best served by ensuring that we develop a high quality and transparently reported evidence base moving forward,” they conclude. First systematic review and meta-analysis suggests AI may be as effective as health professionals at diagnosing disease More information: Artificial intelligence versus clinicians: systematic review of design, reporting standards, and claims of deep learning studies in medical imaging, The BMJ, DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m689 Concerns over ‘exaggerated’ study claims of AI outperforming doctors (2020, March 25) retrieved 25 March 2020 Source link
Collective names for the Southeast Asian countries that were former colonies of France: Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam (which was divided up into Tonkin, Annam and Cochin). Beyond their colonial legacies, their unfortunate position in the Vietnam War, and their Communist governments, the three Indochinese governments really do not share that much in common. Different kinships, different languages and different topography. And while China may have been an influence in her colonies in Indochina, there was no genuine Indian presence. The tenuous connection was made by French scholar George Coedes, who said that Lao and Khmer culture had 'Hindu' elements.
Oda Nobunaga Oda Nobunaga : biography June 23, 1534 – June 21, 1582 After taking possession of the castle, Nobunaga changed the name of both the castle and the surrounding town to Gifu. Remains of Nobunaga’s residence in Gifu can be found today in Gifu Park. Naming it after the legendary Mount Qi (岐山 Qi in Standard Chinese) in China, on which the Zhou dynasty started, Nobunaga revealed his ambition to conquer the whole of Japan. He also started using a new personal seal that read Tenka Fubu (天下布武),. Oumi-castle.net. Retrieved December 5, 2007. which means "All the world by force of arms". In 1564, Nobunaga had his sister, Oichi, marry Azai Nagamasa, a daimyo in northern Ōmi Province. This would later help pave the way to Kyoto. In 1568, Ashikaga Yoshiaki went to Gifu to ask Nobunaga to start a campaign toward Kyoto. Yoshiaki was the brother of the murdered thirteenth shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate, Yoshiteru, and wanted revenge against the killers who had already set up a puppet shogun, Ashikaga Yoshihide. Nobunaga agreed to install Yoshiaki as the new shogun and, grasping the opportunity to enter Kyoto, started his campaign. An obstacle in southern Ōmi Province, however, was the Rokkaku clan. Led by Rokkaku Yoshikata, the clan refused to recognize Yoshiaki as shogun and was ready to go to war. In response, Nobunaga launched a rapid attack, driving the Rokkaku clan out of their castles. Within a short amount of time, Nobunaga had reached Kyoto and driven the Miyoshi clan out of the city. Yoshiaki was made the 15th shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate. Nobunaga refused the post of Kanrei and eventually began to restrict the powers of the shogun, making it clear that he intended to use him as a facade to justify his future conquests. Yoshiaki, however, was not pleased about being a puppet and secretly corresponded with various daimyo, forging an anti-Nobunaga alliance. The Asakura clan was particularly disdainful of the Oda clan’s increasing power because, historically, the Oda clan had been subordinate to the Asakura clan. Furthermore, Asakura Yoshikage had also protected Ashikaga Yoshiaki, but had not been willing to march toward Kyoto. Thus, the Asakura clan also despised Nobunaga the most for his success. When Nobunaga launched a campaign into the Asakura clan’s domain, Azai Nagamasa, to whom Oichi was married, broke the alliance with Oda to honor the Azai-Asakura alliance which had lasted for generations. With the help of Ikko rebels, the anti-Nobunaga alliance sprang into full force, taking a heavy toll on the Oda clan. At the Battle of Anegawa, Tokugawa Ieyasu joined forces with Nobunaga and defeated the combined forces of the Asakura and Azai clans. Nobunaga waged war against Buddhists. The Enryaku-ji monastery on Mt. Hiei, with its sōhei (warrior monks) of the Tendai school who aided the anti-Nobunaga group by helping Azai-Asakura alliance, was an issue for Nobunada since the monastery was so close to his residency. Nobunaga attacked Enryaku-ji and burnt it to the ground in 1571, even though it had been admired as a significant cultural symbol at the time, and killed between 3,000 and 4,000 men, women and children in the process. During the siege of Nagashima, Nobunaga suffered tremendous losses, including the death of a couple of his brothers, to the Ikkō-ikki resistance, a coalition of peasant farmers, monks, Shinto priests and local nobles that opposed samurai rule. The siege finally ended when Nobunaga surrounded the enemy complex and set fire to it, killing tens of thousands of non-combatants, including women and children. He later succeeded in taking their main stronghold at Ishiyama Hongan-ji after an 11-year siege that ended with its surrender. One of the strongest rulers in the anti-Nobunaga alliance was Takeda Shingen, in spite of his generally peaceful relationship and a nominal alliance with the Oda clan. In 1572, at the urgings of the shogun, Shingen decided to make a drive for the capital starting with invading Tokugawa’s territory. Tied down on the Western front, Nobunaga sent lackluster aid to Ieyasu, who suffered defeat at the Battle of Mikatagahara in 1573. However, after the battle, Tokugawa’s forces launched night raids and convinced Takeda of an imminent counter-attack, thus saving the vulnerable Tokugawa with the bluff. This would play a pivotal role in Tokugawa’s philosophy of strategic patience in his campaigns with Oda Nobunaga. Shortly thereafter, the Takeda forces retreated after Shingen died of illness in 1573. This was a relief for Nobunaga because he could now focus on Yoshiaki, who had openly declared hostility more than once, despite the imperial court’s intervention. Nobunaga was able to defeat Yoshiaki’s forces and send him into exile, bringing the Ashikaga shogunate to an end in the same year.
Can Bears and Meerkats be Friends? Posted: 07/03/2019 Maybe not in the wilds of nature. But in the wild world of our feelings many unexpected things can go together. Look inside on any typical day and you may notice a swirling mix of emotions and body signals. The limitations of language mean that we tend to talk about feelings as if they are linear—as if one feeling happens first and then another. But we know from our own experience that several emotions can happen at the same time—even seemingly opposite emotions. For example, we may be very sad when a relationship ends, and at the same time, we may be relieved. We may be really excited about an upcoming change, and scared too. Along with a cocktail of emotions we can be experiencing a variety of body signals such as a tight tummy, dry throat, raised shoulders and clenched jaw. We may also experience a few involuntary gestures or movements such as blinking eyes, biting nails and jiggling leg. This fruity mix of emotions and body signals arises out of the interplay of body and mind. This is why using The Bears cards and Body Signals cards together can be so useful. The Bears, a set of 48 cards with expressive bear characters, is the go-to resource for talking about emotions. Body Signals consists for 40 cards featuring a mob of marvellous meerkats depicting body signals—the involuntary physiological responses of the body such as butterflies, trembling, blushing and goose bumps. Here are some ideas for using The Bears and Body Signals together: • Pick a card from The Bears that is you when you feel angry (or sad, or any other emotion you want to work with). • How does the bear’s face indicate the emotion? • Can you show me how your face looks when you feel that way? • Now, can you pick a meerkat (from the Body Signals cards) that shows what else your body is doing when you feel angry? (It could be ‘clenched fists’ for, example.) • Can you show me your ‘clenched fists’ now? • Can you clench your fists even tighter? • Can you slowly release your clenched fists now? Ask the person to clench and release a few times so they can practise choosing to unclench in the midst of anger. (Releasing the body signal helps release the emotion.) • What other meerkats would you chose for what happens in your body when you have clenched fists and feel angry? These could be clenched jaw, staring eyes, tight lips—explore these body signals as well. (This strengthens ‘interoception’ or internal noticing and supports self-regulation.) • Here is a fun ‘externalising’ technique to help people learn to regulate an emotion: Match up a bear (emotion) with a meerkat (body signal). Make up a name for the body signal. For example, an anxious tummy could be ‘Wormy Wiggles’. Then you can talk with WW and find out what would help. It can be very useful to work with the body signal rather than the emotion directly. So yes, bears and meerkats can team up to support people in learning to identify and navigate emotions, as well as self-soothe unwanted body signals such as those triggered by anxiety. By Karen Bedford Leave a Reply
Distracted driving is defined as doing anything while driving that takes your focus away from the task of driving. Distracted driving is becoming more and more of an issue as the years pass by. In 2010 there were 3,092 deaths/416,000 injuries a year and recently, in 2015 there were 3,477 deaths/391,000 injuries. Now, nearly 9 people are killed and nearly 1,000 more are injured every day in an accident that was the result of distracted driving. That is 9 deaths and a thousand injuries that could have been prevented if the driver had kept their eyes and focus on the road. Types of Distractions There are 3 main types of distractions that cause the accidents mentioned above: Visual, Manual, and Cognitive. Visual: A distraction causes you to take your eyes off of the road. Manual: A distraction causes you to take your hands off of the wheel. Cognitive: A distraction causes you to stop focusing on driving. Just about anything could create a distraction, a phone call, a talking passenger, eating or reaching for a drink, a text message, a bug on the windshield, adjusting the radio or navigation settings, a dog in the road, tending to children, grooming, etc. Some distractions can cause you to lose visual, manual, and cognitive focus on driving and usually are the most detrimental. Did you know that traveling at 55mph, if you were glance away from the road (for example, to read or send a text) for only 5 seconds, you have covered the length of a football field? That is a large amount of space that you have traveled that you cannot account for. A lot can happen in just a few seconds. Who is Most at Risk Statistically, drivers under the age of 20 are the most at risk for falling victim to distracted driving. They are also more likely to take part in other unsafe driving practices. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, a 2015 study conducted revealed that 42% of high school aged drivers reported to texting while driving, not wearing a seatbelt, drive while intoxicated, or be passenger to an intoxicated driver. Distracted Driving and Personal Injury Lawsuits Individuals who are distracted while driving and cause an accident can be found responsible in civil court for their actions and the consequences their actions had on others involved in the crash. If the distracted driving resulted in the death of a party involved or the distracted driver was also intoxicated, criminal charges could be brought against them. If you were involved in a car accident that was caused by negligent distracted driving you either have grounds for a lawsuit or you are at risk for being sued (and your insurance may not be enough to cover it). Contact our law office as soon as possible after the accident to discuss your options and next step.
Memetic algorithms are the subject of intense scientific research (a scientific journal devoted to their research is going to be launched) and have been successfully applied to a multitude of real-world problems. Although many people employ techniques closely related to memetic algorithms, alternative names such as hybrid genetic algorithms are also employed. Furthermore, many people term their memetic techniques as genetic algorithms. The widespread use of this misnomer hampers the assessment of the total amount of applications. Researchers have used memetic algorithms to tackle many classical NP problems. To cite some of them: graph partitioning, multidimensional knapsack, travelling salesman problem, quadratic assignment problem, set cover problem, minimal graph colouring, max independent set problem, bin packing problem and generalized assignment problem. More recent applications include (but are not limited to): training of artificial neural networks[14], pattern recognition[15], robotic motion planning[16], beam orientation[17], circuit design[18], electric service restoration[19], medical expert systems[20], single machine scheduling[21], automatic timetabling (notably, the timetable for the NHL [22]), manpower scheduling [23], nurse rostering and function optimisation[24], processor allocation[25], maintenance scheduling (for example, of an electric distribution network[26]), VLSI design[27], clustering of gene expression profiles[28], feature/gene selection [29][30] and multi-class, multi-objective feature selection [31] How useful was this post? Click on a star to rate it! Average rating 5 / 5. Vote count: 1
I have made a small balance sheet on google docs for my monthly expenses and income. If something comes into my account, would that be a credit or a debit in my account? If I got 500 from somewhere, would that 500 be written under debit column or credit column? Why? The bank will make this even more confusing because they use the terms from their own perspective. From the bank's perspective (printed on your statements) credit: Money into your account (increases the bank's liabilities) debit: Money out of your account (decrease bank liabilities) From your perspective: It depends on the nature of the transfer of money, but here are the most common for a personal account. Income into your account: Credit Expenses out of your account: Debit Payment on a loan made for an asset (house/car): Credit for the loan account, debit for the equity account for the car/house/etc. Yes, it's complicated. Neither credits nor debits are always a + or -. That's why I agree with the advice of the others here that double-entry accounting is overkill for your personal finances. Note: I simplified the above examples for the purpose of clarity. Technically every transaction in double entry accounting includes both a credit and a debit (hence the "double" in the name). In fact, sometimes a transaction involves more than one credit or debit, but always at least one of each. Also, this is for EACH party. So any transaction between you and your bank involves at least FOUR debits and/or credits when all involved are considered. \| improve this answer \| \| It sounds like you're mixing a simple checkbook register with double-entry bookkeeping. Do you need a double-entry level of rigor? Otherwise, why not have two columns, one for income (like a paycheck) and one for expenses (like paying a cable bill)? Then add up both columns and then take the difference of the sums to get your increase or decrease for the time period. If you want to break up income and expenses further, then you can do that too. \| improve this answer \| \| I agree with mbhunter's suggestion of labeling your columns, 'income' and 'expenses'. However, to answer your question, money coming in (a paycheque, for example) is credited to your account. Money going out (a utility bill, for example) is debited from your account. There's no real 'why'... this is simply the definition of the words. \| improve this answer \| \| If you are considering this to be an entry for your business this is how you would handle it.... You said you were making a balance sheet for monthly expenses. So on the Balance Sheet, you would be debiting cash. For the Income Statement side you would be crediting Owner's Equity to balance the equation: Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity So if you deposited $100 to your account the equation would be affected thus: $ 100 in Assets (Debit to Cash Account) = 0 Liabilities - $100 (Credit to Owner's Equity) It is correctly stated above from the bank's perspective that they would be "Crediting" you account with $100, and any outflow from the bank account would be debiting your account. \| improve this answer \| \| • 1 Where the credit goes would depend on what the amount relates to. If the cash was received from a customer to clear an account receivable, then you would credit accounts receivable. If the cash was received from a customer on a cash sale, then you would credit sales. There is not enough information to accurately provide an answer on this. – Grade 'Eh' Bacon Sep 19 '16 at 19:32 The bank "credit's" your account for money coming into it. In double entry accounting, you always have a debit and a credit to balance the accounts. As an Example: for $500 that the bank credited to your checking account, you would post a debit to Cash and a Credit to Income Earned. The accounting equation is: Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity $500 = $500 Cash is the "Asset" side of the equation, Income is part of Owner's Equity, and so is the Credit side... to make the equation balanced. \| improve this answer \| \| • Did you really mean to post a second answer to this question, rather than editing your existing answer? – GS - Apologise to Monica Dec 19 '16 at 18:41 Most bank registers (where you write down entries) show deposits (+) to account as a CREDIT. Payments, fees, and withdrawals are DEBITs to your bank accounnt. On loans such as credit card accounts, a credit to your loan account is a payment or other reductions of the amount you owe. A charge to your account is a DEBIT to you loan account. They did this just to confuse us! \| improve this answer \| \|
Our toolkit for helping make life better for street and slum children. Ambulance, van, moped, or even on-foot. Doctor’s surgery is setup everyday in slum neighbourhoods so that local street children receive check ups, treatment and hospital referral. The children are also given tips on personal hygiene and healthy well being to reduce the risk of their becoming seriously ill. Manned by volunteer teachers out of a converted bus, truck or even a blackboard in a box, the school is setup everyday in the most accessible place to give local street children the opportunity to go to school where they can learn, play and make new friends, and just be themselves for a short while. Children can come and find refuge from the harsh realities of the street for a while. Whilst here a child can get a nutritious snack, safe clean water to drink and/or wash with, and basic health care. A child can also find a friend to share their problems with or provide another a shoulder to cry on. All of these services provide a conduit to proactively find affected children, collect data on them, and ultimately help them to overcome the barrier(s) they’re facing to lift themselves out of poverty. Trained specialists are able to identify children at risk and can take the relevant action needed swiftly. Children who have runaway from home are repatriated with their families where there is no risk of abuse. In cases where they cannot go back home, appropriate foster families are sought to enable a safe, stable and loving environment for the child to develop a sense of belonging. Children can sleep the night in a place that is secure from the elements and guarded from predators. While safety and security is paramount, comfort is intentionally kept secondary to ensure the children continue to work towards lifting themselves out of poverty.
Wrong Views (Miccā Diṭṭhi) – A Simpler Analysis Revised November 27, 2017; revised May 12, 2020 (#6) Micchā means wrong or incorrect and diṭṭhi means views. Pronunciation: • Some facts about nature are hard to believe, and it took the efforts of many scientists to change two common wrong views (diṭṭhis) that had been with the humans up to recently: that the Earth is flat and it is at the center of the universe. • However, after Galileo invented the telescope, people made more precise measurements of the planets and the heliocentric model was needed to explain all those new findings. 2. But there are many people who still believe that the Sun goes around the Earth! To quote a passage from the Wikipedia article, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocentric_model • “..Morris Berman quotes survey results that show currently some 20% of the U.S. population believes that the sun goes around the Earth (geocentrism) rather than the Earth goes around the sun (heliocentrism), while a further 9% claimed not to know. Polls conducted by Gallup in the 1990s found that 16% of Germans, 18% of Americans and 19% of Britons hold that the Sun revolves around the Earth. A study conducted in 2005 by Jon D. Miller of Northwestern University, an expert in the public understanding of science and technology, found that about 20%, or one in five, of American adults, believe that the Sun orbits the Earth. According to the 2011 VTSIOM poll, 32% of Russians believe that the Sun orbits the Earth”. • And, there are even some who believe that the Earth is flat: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_flat_Earth_societies 3. Thus sometimes it is very hard to get rid of certain “wrong views” because of our “experiences” and “gut feelings”. Yet, if one hangs onto such wrong views (in the face of contrary evidence) one cannot get a correct world view. This is why we always need to “look at the big picture”; the “bigger the picture”, the better it is. It is hard to see many details while walking on the ground, but one sees a whole lot better looking down from a helicopter. 4. Similarly, it is very hard for many people to believe that humans could be reborn as animals. One argument that was given in a book that refuted rebirth was that “..in that case, the human population should not be changing, but we see an increase of the human population over the past centuries”. Apparently, the author did not even consider that a human could be born an animal. Again, it is a matter of a very narrow world view. There are innumerable beings in this world and they can be born not only in the animal and human realms but 29 other realms that we cannot see! 5. The theory of evolution is only partially correct according to Buddha Dhamma; we will discuss this in detail in the future. When conditions for birth in a certain realm are satisfied, nature has come up with many ways to make that birth take place. • Even though we consider the life of an animal as “useless”, life is the most important thing in the world even for the lowest worm. All living beings have the craving to continue the life they have, regardless of how pathetic it appears to us. Our “smelly bodies” are said to be repulsive to the devas who have fine bodies that are free of diseases as well. 6. The Buddha said, “..bhikkhus, sentient beings reborn as humans are few as this bit of sand on my fingernail. But those not reborn as humans are many as the sand on this great Earth. Therefore, you should strive diligently and without delay to end this suffering in the rebirth process”. That statement appears to most people as an exaggeration. That quote is from the post, “How the Buddha Described the Chance of Rebirth in the Human Realm“. • But as described in that post, modern science is slowly proving that indeed the number of living beings, just in the animal realm, is unimaginably large. Comparatively, the human population of about 7 billion is negligibly small. • There are more living beings in your backyard soil than the entire human population on Earth! 7. Of course, we cannot see the beings in the other three lower realms. But, just because they are not amenable to our senses, we cannot say they do not exist. • Another way to think about this is to contemplate the fact that there are hundreds of TV or radio broadcasts that can be “tapped into” by having a TV or a radio set to the right channel. Just because we cannot “see” those electromagnetic waves with our eyes, we cannot say they are not all around us. There are other living beings all around us with such fine bodies, we just cannot see them. • That is how the Buddha knew about not only the existence of innumerable planetary systems in the universe (many other examples are discussed in other posts) but also about the fact that this life of about 100 years in insignificant in the rebirth process. • The First Noble Truth is about the suffering that is hidden and can manifest in the future. It is the unavoidable suffering for anyone in this cycle of rebirth until one grasps the “correct world view”. 11. This is also why “Sammā Diṭṭhi” or “correct view” comes first in both versions of the Eightfold Path. Yes. There are two versions of the path: One is mundane (lōkiya) and is easier to grasp. The other is transcendental (lōkuttara) and requires the comprehension of Tilakkhana or the Three Characteristics of this world, i.e., anicca, dukkha, anatta. • Before trying to comprehend the Tilakkhana, it is imperative that one follows the mundane eightfold path and removes all ten types of micchā diṭṭhi; they are discussed in Mahā Chattarisaka Sutta (Discourse on the Great Forty)“. • When one starts understanding the validity of the laws of kamma (i.e., deeds have consequences), rebirth must be true, and there are other realms that we cannot see, one begins to embrace the mundane version of Sammā Diṭṭhi. 12. With that Sammā Diṭṭhi, one realizes that it is not fruitful to think immoral thoughts (micchā saṅkappa), utter inappropriate speech (micchā vācā), do inappropriate things (micchā kammaṃta), live an immoral life (micchā ājiva), to strive to achieve unfruitful things (micchā vāyāma), have immoral mindfulness (micchā sati), and thus get into an immoral state (micchā samādhi). • Even if we can “get away” from paying for misdeeds in this life, we will have to pay with interest in future lives. Similarly, any good deeds will be rewarded in future lives, if not within this life itself. • Thus, with correct views or Sammā Diṭṭhi, one will be automatically following the mundane eightfold path: Sammā Saṅkappa, Sammā Vācā, Sammā Kammanta, Sammā Ājiva, Sammā Vāyāma, Sammā Sati, and thus get to Sammā Samādhi. It all starts with Sammā Diṭṭhi or the “correct views”. • My goal is to present evidence from many aspects because different people comprehend different aspects. 14. Such a critical evaluation itself could be enough to dispel any wrong views. It is like lifting of fog and being able to see clearly. When the mind becomes pure, one does not need “evidence from science” to confirm the worldview of the Buddha. Print Friendly, PDF & Email
I was using this online calculator to work out McNemar's Test on this data set: enter image description here I get the results: The two-tailed P value equals 0.1859 Chi squared equals 1.750 with 1 degrees of freedom. Now I understand how to calculate the Chi squared but I have no idea where this P value comes from. Also how does the P value relate to whether there is a significant difference between classifiers? If someone could explain this like a program in JavaScript or something it would be so much clearer. Every explanation I see throws jargon all over the place. Asymptotically the McNemar test statistic follows a chi-squared distribution with 1 degree of freedom. So, if $x_{obs}$ is your observed McNemar test statistic, the $p$ value is $p = \text{Pr}\left\{ \chi^2_1 > x_{obs}\right\}$ but perhaps this is all the jargon and what not that you were saying you were confused about. What the statement above is saying is that the $p$ value is a probability calcuated under the chi-squared $(\chi^2_1)$ distribution. You can think of a probability as being an area under a particular curve (think back to integrals in calculus). The curve in question here is the chi-squared density enter image description here The $p$ value is the blue shaded area under the curve I have plotted. The curve is defined by: $f(x)=\dfrac{e^{-x/2}}{\sqrt{2x}\Gamma(1/2)}$ Now sure you can try to calculate this by hand to get p-value but most programming languages have built in functions to calculate are under density curves. In R you can do this: > pchisq(1.75, df=1,lower.tail=FALSE) [1] 0.1858767 \| cite \| improve this answer \| \| • 1 $\begingroup$ Sorry, are you sure that it is a two-sided p-value? $\endgroup$ – Sergio May 17 '14 at 21:13 • $\begingroup$ The p value noted in OP's question looks like one-sided because it matches the one-sided calculation i did in R. $\endgroup$ – bdeonovic May 17 '14 at 21:24 • $\begingroup$ I'd say that it is one-sided, because the chi-squared support is $[0,+\infty]$, so pchisq(-1.75,1)=0. Am I wrong? $\endgroup$ – Sergio May 17 '14 at 21:29 • 2 $\begingroup$ I'd fell better if $p=2\text{Pr}(\chi_1^2>1.75)=0.1859$ ;-) $\endgroup$ – Sergio May 17 '14 at 22:37 • 1 $\begingroup$ Regardless of semantics (is the test two-sided because it has power against departures from the null hypothesis in either of two directions, or one-sided because one tail area of the test statistic's density gives its size?) the expression $p = 2\text{Pr}\left\{ \chi^2_1 > x_{obs}\right\}$ is simply wrong - out by a factor of 2 as @Sergio says. $\endgroup$ – Scortchi - Reinstate Monica May 18 '14 at 0:29 Your Answer
Edited by James Flynn, Paul Slovic, and Howard Kunreuther From the back cover: The benefits of modern technology often involve health, safety and environmental risks that produce public suspicion of technologies and aversion to certain products and substances. Amplified by the pervasive power of the media, public concern about health and ecological risks can have enormous economic and social impacts, such as the ‘stigmatization’ experienced in recent years with nuclear power, British beef and genetically modified plants. This volume presents the most current and comprehensive examination of how and why stigma occurs and what the appropriate responses to it should be to inform the public and reduce undesirable impacts. Each form of the stigma is thoroughly explored through a range of case studies. Theoretical contributions look at the roles played by government and business, and the crucial impact of the media in forming public attitudes. Stigma is not always misplaced, and the authors discuss the challenges involved in managing risk and reducing the vulnerability of important products, industries and institutions while providing the public with the relevant information they need about risks. Available from the publisher, Earthscan. Reference: Flynn, J., Slovic, P. & Kunreuther, H. (Eds.). (2001). Risk, media and stigma: Understanding public challenges to modern science and technology. London: Earthscan.
Pioneering bandage speeds up wound healing in people with diabetes A bandage that could speed up the healing process of foot sores among people with diabetes has been developed. The bandage device, created by researchers at Northwestern University in Illinois, uses the body’s own healing ability without the use of drugs or other pharmaceutical products. When tested, the treatment was found to heal diabetic wounds 33% faster when compared with regular bandages. The bandage is applied in a liquid form to the wound and as it reaches body temperature solidifies into a gel which means it embraces the exact shape of the injury. Saline is required to remove the bandage without it pulling at the skin. “Wounds have irregular shapes and depths. Our liquid can fill any shape and then stay in place. Other bandages are mostly based on collagen films or sponges that can move around and shift away from the wound site,” added Prof Ameer. Although this pioneering technology can be used for any wound, the research team focused their efforts on helping people with diabetes who are at higher risk of foot wounds which can be difficult to treat. Most people with diabetes will have at least one foot ulcer at some point in their life. If treated quickly by a foot specialist, a foot ulcer can usually heal. If left untreated, it can lead to infection or even amputation. More research is set to be carried out on the bandage in a bid to gain official approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To Top
Do You Really Need a Sports Drink? Woman drinking sports drink PhotoAlto/Sandro Di Carlo Darsa / Getty Images If you've ever run a 5K, competed in a triathlon, or even just attended a kids' soccer game, you've seen athletes swigging bottles of neon-colored sports drinks. Grocery stores are glutted with products in a rainbow of flavors, from Mountain Berry Blast to Glacier Freeze, all claiming to be scientifically formulated to replace lost electrolytes and improve your performance before, during, and after exercise. But how much do you really need them? While some studies support the idea that athletes should consume carb-heavy drinks, this idea isn't supported across the board. So we spoke with exercise scientists and medical professionals to find out if sports drinks ever really make sense (and if so, when)—or if they're nothing more than glorified sugar bombs. Sports drinks supposedly replace depleted electrolytes. But what are electrolytes, anyway? And why do they matter? Electrolytes are minerals—primarily sodium, potassium, calcium, chlorine, magnesium, and phosphates—that are in our blood and other body fluids. They have electrical charges and work to activate the electrical tissues of our bodies, including muscles and nerves. "Roughly, electrolytes keep our system functioning," Barry Popkin, Ph.D., a food science researcher and professor of nutrition at UNC-Chapel Hill, tells SELF. Most major organs help regulate our electrolyte levels, and when they're correctly balanced, our blood chemistry runs as it should. But sometimes we lose too many of them and need to replenish our supply. Usually, this happens in cases of serious dehydration due to illness. Since the minerals are in our bodily fluids, losing a lot of them at once causes electrolyte levels to drop. However, we can also lose significant water and electrolytes through sweat. Sodium and other electrolytes are needed to create the electrical impulses that regulate nerve and muscle function. When we get too little, those signals aren't sent properly and the body can't run as smoothly as it should, resulting in cramping, dizziness, and headaches, among other symptoms. "Not getting enough sodium in fluid replacement can lead to complications like heat cramps, heat illness, and decreased performance," Mary Jane Detroyer, a registered dietitian, exercise physiologist, and personal trainer, tells SELF. At its most extreme, dehydration can lead to seizures or hypovolemic shock, a drop in blood pressure that decreases the body's oxygen, which can be fatal. The amount of fluid and electrolytes lost during exercise changes from person to person and day to day. Our fluid and electrolyte losses really depend on our individual bodies, as well as the conditions we work out in, Ron Maughan, Ph.D., emeritus professor of sport and exercise nutrition at Loughborough University in the U.K., tells SELF. Exercise duration and intensity, environmental temperature and humidity, fitness level, weight, and how much we tend to sweat all play a part. To put it in perspective, Detroyer says that when we perform light exercise in a dry, cool environment, we're likely to lose only about 250 milliliters of fluid an hour, whereas if we exercise in a hot, humid environment, we can lose 2 or even 3 liters an hour. The primary electrolyte we all lose through sweat is sodium, but the amount varies from person to person. "Different individuals can lose anywhere between 20 to 100 mmol or mEq [a unit of concentration] per liter of fluid lost," Detroyer says, noting that we lose far less potassium—only about 10 mmol/L. The rest of the minerals that make up our electrolyte cocktail are lost at even smaller rates. Hyponatremia is a condition that occurs when your sodium concentration is too low, either because you're not getting enough sodium or you're drinking too much water. In athletics, hyponatremia can be caused by not drinking enough and letting your sodium concentration get too low, or overhydrating—all of the water dilutes the sodium concentration in your bloodstream. Hyponatremia happens when your sodium concentration drops below 135 mEq/L. Of course, you're not measuring how much fluid and sodium you're losing from a workout, so the way you'd know is by looking out for symptoms. Unfortunately, the symptoms can look a lot like those of dehydration—nausea, confusion, and irritability—which can lead to inappropriate treatment. At its most severe, hyponatremia can cause the brain to swell and can be fatal. You're more likely to become dehydrated than overhydrated, so a good rule of thumb is to drink when you're thirsty and don't force yourself to chug water if you're not. Not all experts agree on assigning numbers to hydration recommendations during and after exercise, and it ultimately comes down to listening to your body. The first sign that you need to drink more fluids is thirst. Easy enough. The American College of Sports Medicine gets more specific, suggesting weighing yourself before and after exercise to estimate how much fluid you personally lose through sweat. A difference of more than 1 percent indicates dehydration, it says, and should be made up for before, during, and after exercise through a hydration plan. Detroyer is on a similar page. "Weight loss of more than 1.8 percent of body weight impacts performance," she says. "The goal should be no weight loss, by hydrating properly before, during, and after." However, not everyone believes that this is the best approach. "I disagree completely," Timothy Noakes, M.D., D.Sc., author of Waterlogged: The Serious Problem of Overhydration in Endurance Sports, and emeritus professor in the division of exercise science and sports medicine at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, tells SELF. "There is no scientific basis for this advice. The only advice athletes need is: Drink to thirst. Not more, not less." Noakes says that people have been encouraged to overhydrate by the sports drink industry—he's far from the only expert who suggests this. His advice? Drink water until you're no longer thirsty, or not more than about 2 cups an hour. If you suspect you're at risk for overhydration, swap fluids for something salty. Let's be real. Chances are, you're not weighing yourself after every workout (nor should you be). Beyond regular old thirst, there are a few other signs that may let you know it's time to hit the H2O a little harder. "If your performance is strong and you're not having muscle cramps, you're doing fine," Detroyer says. "But if your urine is really dark, or if you add an extra minute onto your mile without any other reason, those are signs that you should consider drinking more fluids." If you're cramping, she says that's a sign your body needs more sodium. What experts do agree on is that for most people, just drinking water is sufficient to rehydrate. Endurance athletes, on the other hand, need a little something more. All of the experts we spoke to promoted drinking plain water, especially for relatively light exercise. "If you go to the gym, do 60 minutes of activity, and you're not a heavy sweater, you don't need anything more than water," Detroyer says. A sports drink just adds extra calories and sugar. When you're exercising intensely for more than an hour, or if it's really hot out and you're sweating bullets, you're losing a lot more fluids and electrolytes than you would in a standard visit to the gym. Most experts recommend replenishing fluids and electrolytes (sodium, specifically) throughout. Popkin acknowledges that endurance athletes may want that boost of sugar from a Gatorade or other sweet drink for some quick energy midrace. But for replenishing fluids and electrolytes? Drinking something with salt in it, or pairing a salty snack with water, is just as good—if not better. Even if you're not exercising for hours at a time, if you know you sweat a lot, water and salt is a good idea. "When sweat losses are high and recovery time is short, it may be better to have a strategy in place to ensure adequate recovery," Maughan says. "This means ensuring adequate intake of both water and salt, and letting the kidneys get rid of the excess. Sports drinks may be a convenient option, but the salt content is generally less than optimal: An Oral Rehydration Solution intended for treating diarrhea in children may be a better option." More realistically, a snack or meal that has some sodium in it should do the trick. If you're a heavy sweater (or have low blood pressure), Detroyer also recommends adding rich bone broths and soups to your diet, which are both hydrating and rich in sodium. She also suggests healthy, salty snacks, like pickles and olives, as well as fermented foods like kimchi. When it comes down to it, factors like size, gender, activity level, the weather, how much you sweat, and any medications you're taking can impact how much water and how many electrolytes you actually need. The best advice is to listen to your body. Make sure you feel hydrated before you start exercising, and drink before and during if you're thirsty—don't feel like you have to overload on water, though, if you feel fine. If you're sweating excessively, working out for more than an hour straight, or exercising in really hot and humid temperatures, eat or drink something with sodium to keep your electrolyte levels healthy.
Study Finds BPA in 86% of Teenagers CC BY 2.0. Garry Knight And that was after one week of avoiding foods that may have come into contact with the notorious hormone-disrupting chemical! A recent study from the University of Exeter has found traces of bisphenol A (BPA) in 86 percent of teenagers. This is concerning, since BPA is a known hormone-disrupting chemical that imitates female sex hormones and has been linked to breast and prostate cancers, as well as low sperm counts and sperm disfigurements in men. Despite its bad reputation, BPA continues to be used in many plastic containers, water bottles, food cans, dental floss, and heat-resistant papers, which means that humans come into contact with it frequently. This particular study set out to see if it was possible to reduce one's BPA level by altering dietary choices. It was designed to be a 'real-world setting', unlike prior studies that have focused on families and related individuals, who likely share sources of BPA, and participated in strict dietary interventions that are not realistically sustainable. From the discussion: "Our intervention is a ‘real-world’ diet, designed to a set of guidelines (such as reduction in the usage of tinned foods or foods with high levels of processing), rather than the strict, prescribed diets that have been used in other studies, which suggested that it was possible for participants to reduce their urinary BPA excretion by approximately 60% in a period of just 3 days. In our self-designed, self-administered study this was unachievable." Participants included 94 students between the ages of 17 and 19 from schools in southwestern England. They followed a BPA-reduction diet for seven days. This included switching to stainless steel and glass food containers, not microwaving food in plastic, washing their hands after handling receipts, avoiding canned foods and takeout in plastic, and using a coffee filter or percolator instead of plastic coffee makers that may contain polycarbonate-based water tanks and phthalate-based tubing. The students gave urine samples before and after the interventions. The conclusion? "Participants were unable to achieve a reduction in their urinary BPA over the 7-day trial period, despite good compliance to supplied guidelines." This alarming discovery goes to show that BPA is so ubiquitous in our environment that, even when we take measures to minimize exposure, it's impossible to avoid entirely. Where it's coming from, however, is unclear. The study authors write that exposure can happen through dust ingestion and skin absorption, and that BPA can leach into food from polycarbonate or epoxy resins after manufacture. The migration rate increases with higher temperatures, and with time and use (which is why you should never reuse a disposable plastic water bottle or microwave food in plastic). The majority of study participants (66 percent) said it would be difficult to maintain the BPA-reduction diet over the long term, due to inconsistent labelling, sourcing challenges, and having to alter food preferences. Comments included: "Almost everything is packaged in plastic." "The biggest problem was that a lot of packaging doesn't state what type of plastic it is or whether it contains BPA." "You can't get it all from supermarkets." "[I] had to go to more individual food shops"." The researchers are calling for more consistent labelling on packaging to make it easier for people to avoid BPA. As Professor Lorna Harries, one of the study authors, told the University of Exeter:
How to Draw a Mule Deer In this quick tutorial you'll learn how to draw a Mule Deer in 7 easy steps - great for kids and novice artists. At the bottom you can read some interesting facts about the Mule Deer. How to Draw a Mule Deer - Step-by-Step Tutorial Step 1: First, draw the head of the deer as shown above. Make sure to leave the gap open for one ear and close the other. Step 2: Use two tiny circles for the eyes, a circle with two tiny dots for the nose, and for the ears draw lines that trace the shape of the outline but are just a little bit more inside. Step 3: Draw the body from the head, using curves to make sure you can tell the back, neck, and front. Step 4: Draw the front leg with two lines going down from the body. Add a small line to define the hoof of the deer. Then draw the bottom of the body. Step 5: Draw the other front leg almost exactly like the first front leg, except there is a rounded line connecting it to a higher point at the front of the body. Step 6: Draw the hind leg just like you did the front legs. Step 7: For the other hind leg, you will want to continue off of the knee of the first hind leg, but then after a small angle draw it just like the other legs. Your Mule Deer is now done! Interesting Facts about Mule Deer Mule deer are native to the western part of the United States and certain regions of western Canada. They live in deserts, mountains forests, and wooded hills. Mule deer got their names because they have mule-like ears. They can move their ears independently from the rest of their body. This helps them listen closely for potential danger coming from behind. Did you know? • Mule deer are about 4 feet tall at their shoulders, and they are between 4 to 7 feet long. • The average lifespan of mule deer in the wild is 9 to 11 years. On average, they live longer in captivity. • Mule deer can run as fast as 45 miles per hour. • Male mule deer, called bucks, grow antlers during the summer and fall. The antlers shed every spring. • Mule deer do not have any teeth on the top part of their mouths. • Mule deer are herbivores. Their diet includes leaves, beans, shrubs, and grasses. They eyes of mule deer are on the sides of their heads. Because of where they are positioned, mule deer can almost see behind them without having to turn their heads. Their night vision is better than humans. Humans have better vision than mule deer during the day. Mule deer cannot see colors as well as humans.
Chiropractic Care Chiropractic is the science, art and philosophy that concerns itself with the restoration of the body by improving and maintaining a properly functioning nervous system, without the use of drugs or surgery. A fall, injury, sudden jar, trauma, or sometimes an inherited spinal weakness can displace a vertebra. Other causes include improper sleeping conditions or habits, poor posture, occupational hazards, incorrect lifting practices, obesity, lack of rest and exercise, and stress. If the nervous system is impaired, it can cause malfunction of the tissues and organs throughout the body. Make an appointment for chiropractic care to feel better.
Education system in Canada From The SchomEmunity Wiki Jump to: navigation, search Canada is a vast country stretching across North America to the north of the Artic Ocean, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. It’s the second largest country in the world with 31.6 million inhabitants. Canada is a confederation of ten provinces and three territories. Therefore, Canada has no federal or national department of education. So, the CMEC (The Council of Ministers of Education, Canada) was formed in 1967 to represent the national department of education. Even though the thirteen education systems are similar, they also have many differences in respect of their regional history, culture and geography. Canada has two official languages: English being spoken by 75% of the population and French being spoken by 25% (mainly situated in Quebec). Therefore, languages are highly integrated into the Canadian school system with many students being bilingual. The academic year runs from September to June. As in most developed countries, nurseries are available for young children. From the age of 4, children can go to kindergartens which are run by local authorities. The Canadian schools system is publicly funded which means that it is free to Canadian citizens and permanent residents. The school system is divided into three phases: Elementary which begins at grade 1 until 5 (or pupils who are 6 until they reach 10 years old). Some elementary schools also include a middle school or junior school for grades 6-8 (ages 11-13). Pupils then join the Secondary school (sometimes called high school) for grades 9 to 12 (ages 14-18), though in Quebec it is only until grade 11. The curriculum involves both academic and vocational subjects, which gives the pupils credits to enable them to enter universities or colleges once they graduate from high school. Postsecondary education is very popular in Canada as it has the highest postsecondary education participation rate in the world, with over 2.5 million Canadians enrolled in full-time or part-time postsecondary education for the year 2002 ( Canadian students pay tuition fees to attend colleges and universities. Colleges mainly offer vocational programs leading to certificates and diplomas whereas universities offer academic subjects leading to degrees. Postsecondary schools (after grade11) in Quebec are called Cegep (Colleges d’Enseignement General et Professionnel). They are free to Quebec residents and offer a general program for vocational education over a two or three year period leading to University admission. Financial help is available for students such as the Canada Student Loans Programs which is only available to Canadian citizens and permanent residents. Scholarships are granted by universities to students of exceptional ability. International students wishing to study in Canada must obtain a study permit before entering Canada. Students who want to study in Quebec must also obtain the Certificat d’acceptation du Quebec. It is totally up to the institutions to set their entry requirements for international students. As far as special needs students are concerned, they are integrated in the mainstream school system with services available such as SEN student support, classroom assistants etc.. Educational alternatives In Canada, education is compulsory from the age of 6 until 16. This doesn’t mean that pupils have to attend mainstream schools. Several other possibilities are available. Home schooling It is allowed in all provinces in Canada, but parents must meet the general standards, curriculum and diploma requirements. Private schools Canada has many independent schools throughout its provinces. The schools have to meet the general standards for the relevant province. These schools charge fees. Distributed learning Canada is one of the world leaders in distance learning with IT. This system enables students in remote communities and international students to have access to further education. This program involves to use technology to promote learning. Useful links AUCC Canadian Universities General information about Canadian universities (Visited 30-June-05) British Council Canada The British council provides detailed information about the public school system, with emphasis on the curriculum. (Visited 30-June-05) CICIC Postsecondary Education Systems in Canada This website describes the postsecondary education system in Canada with all the different possibilities and links to Canadian universities. (Visited 30-June-05) Education @ Canada A very interesting website with many details about studying in Canada. (Visited 30-June-05)
10 Bizarre Forgotten Inventions From Famous Inventors By Radu Alexander, Listverse, 10 February 2015. When you’re an inventor, you can’t just stop at one. That would be just like eating one potato chip and then walking away. Who does that, right? A real inventor can’t help seeing new opportunities in places where others just see day-to-day trivial banalities. So the inventor makes another thing, and then another. They might not all work, and some might end up being significantly more successful than the rest, but it gives us something to talk about later. 10. Swim Fins (Benjamin Franklin) Benjamin Franklin has a long list of accomplishments in numerous fields, so it should come as no surprise that he was an inquisitive child. In fact, he started his career as an inventor at the ripe age of 11 when he invented a pair of swim fins. Franklin was an avid swimmer and was looking for ways to improve his technique. His solution was a set of wooden fins which were worn on the hands instead of the feet. In his own words, they “resembled a painter’s pallets” at 25 centimetres (10 in) long and 15 centimetres (6 in) wide with holes for the thumbs. They didn’t make it to popular use, but according to Franklin, the swim fins were a success in the sense that they improved his speed. Unfortunately, they also fatigued his wrists. Franklin also tried wearing sandals on his feet while swimming, but these didn’t prove nearly as effective. Regardless, Benjamin Franklin remained an enthusiast of the practice all his life, which is why he was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 1968. 9. The Giant Crossbow (Leonardo Da Vinci) Leonardo da Vinci managed to garner quite a reputation as an inventor despite the fact that most of his creations never made it past the conceptual stage and were confined to drawings and plans. Some of those designs became quite iconic despite never being built. Examples include his various flying machines. Leonardo also dabbled a little in warfare. He designed a tank-like armoured vehicle and a more bizarre giant crossbow. The design was similar to that of a ballista, but on a massive scale. This might have actually been one of da Vinci’s most practical inventions. The design used six wheels in order to ensure mobility. Thin wood was used for the bow itself to keep the crossbow light and flexible. The only reason the weapon was 25 meters (81 ft) across was for psychological warfare. Da Vinci considered intimidation to be a vital component of the design; the goal of the crossbow was to scare more than it was to kill. And as it turns out, it is possible to build a prototype of the giant crossbow, as proven by a Discovery Channel show in 2010. 8. The Metal Detector (Alexander Graham Bell) In addition to Alexander Graham Bell’s noteworthy accomplishment of inventing the telephone, he also created one of the very first metal detectors. His intention was to save the life of President James Garfield. On July 2, 1881, James Garfield was shot in an assassination attempt. Medical experts from all over the country lent their expertise in order to recover the bullet lodged in Garfield’s body. Most of their suggestions involved sticking something through the wound and poking around in an attempt to find the bullet. This only made things worse by spreading infection. Bell’s contribution to the effort was his suggestion to use an electromagnetic device in order to find the bullet. The detector emitted an electromagnetic field which was disturbed by the presence of metal, which in turn caused a clicking noise. It worked during tests but when it was brought near President Garfield, it started clicking all over his body. Bell took it back and fiddled with it some more. He found no fault with the device, but when he brought it back to Garfield, it clicked all over the place again. Most modern historians agree that Bell’s device didn’t work because nobody realized that the metal coils in the president’s mattress, a new innovation at the time, were interfering with the detector. Others think that Bell only checked Garfield’s right side at the insistence of physician Dr. Doctor Willard Bliss - yes, his first name really was Doctor - who claimed that’s where the bullet was and didn’t want to be proven wrong. 7. The Teleautomaton Boat (Nikola Tesla) Despite Tesla’s deep association with electricity, the man was also a radio pioneer in a time when the general public still considered it witchcraft. There’s no better example of this than an 1898 convention at Madison Square Garden where Tesla presented his latest creation, a small radio-controlled boat. Officially named a “teleautomaton” boat, Tesla’s design was intended to showcase his new patent, a “method of and apparatus for controlling mechanism of moving vessels and vehicles.” It had a tiny rudder, a tiny propeller, and two antennas. Tesla was able to control the boat in front of a bewildered crowd. The people were amazed by what they were seeing. Despite Tesla’s efforts to explain scientifically what was going on, the general consensus of the crowd was that Tesla was controlling the boat using telepathy. Others put forward slightly more plausible theories, such as a trained monkey secretly piloting the boat. Ever the visionary, Tesla immediately saw the possible use of the teleautomaton boat as a weapon. He planned to develop a submersible version of the boat and sell the patent to the government. However, nobody else seemed to share Tesla’s vision. According to him, the Washington official he met with “burst out with laughter” when presented with the idea of armed, radio-controlled vehicles. 6. The Copier (James Watt) James Watt’s name is strongly linked with one thing: the steam engine. However, as one of the people who kicked off the industrial revolution, his lifetime’s efforts were not limited to just one accomplishment. In fact, James Watt spent most of his life inventing. Like many other inventors, Watt’s talent and vision were not complemented with a savvy business sense. He spent most of his life in debt, struggling to find new financiers. One of Watt’s noteworthy contributions was a copying press. In 1780, he invented a device which was able to copy documents by pressing them onto a thin strip of paper, creating a reversed copy from the back. It was small, simple, and portable, and the principle behind it stayed in use up until the appearance of the modern photocopiers we use today. The copier was a success, selling over 600 units in the first year. It also marked a turning point in Watt’s professional life, as he finally started making money from his work. 5. Soda Water (Joseph Priestley) Joseph Priestley was a renowned theologian, philosopher, and chemist. His crowning achievement came when he discovered oxygen, but he also discovered other gases - or “airs,” as he called them. Later in life, he became somewhat isolated by the scientific community because he fervently defended the existence of “phlogiston,” the fifth element, at a time when the theory was obsolete. But before all of this Priestley gave us another thing which most of us still enjoy on a regular basis: soda water. This happened while Priestley was living next to a brewery and would often perform experiments there. On one occasion, he discovered his method of infusing water with carbon dioxide by suspending a bowl of water above a beer vat which was fermenting. He then discovered that the water gained a pleasant, acidic taste. At first, Priestley only kept the fizzy drink for himself and his friends, but he came up with the theory that this new concoction might be used to treat scurvy. The theory was incorrect, but we all benefit from it anyway. In 1772, he published clear instructions for creating soda water in a paper called Directions for Impregnating Water with Fixed Air. Priestley never sought to further research or monetize his discovery. This left Johann Jacob Schweppe to devise a commercially viable method of manufacturing carbonated water. He then founded the Schweppes Company in 1783, which still exists today and has made a fortune. 4. The Bouillon Cube (Justus Von Liebig) Now regarded as one of the greatest chemists of the 19th century, Justus von Liebig is one of the founders of organic chemistry. When he wasn’t busy with that, he also revolutionized agriculture by identifying nitrogen as an essential nutrient for crops, thus kick-starting the fertilizer industry. And, when he wasn’t doing that, he invented the bouillon cube. After reportedly noticing that leather makers used just the hides of cattle and let the meat go to waste and rot, an engineer named George Christian Giebert who was working in South America recalled that Liebig had already developed a method to process the meat and was looking for an opportunity to start a new business. That’s how the Liebig’s Extract of Meat Company was born in 1864. Liebig’s intentions were quite noble. When he originally developed the formula in 1847, he made it public with the hope that someone would refine the process, reduce the cost, and make meat extract a viable alternative to feed the poor. However, when Liebig started his own company, others also started to sell their own versions of “meat teas” and referred to their own products as Liebig’s Extract of Meat. Eventually, Liebig had to change his brand to LEMCO and later to Oxo cubes, which are still available at grocery stores today. 3. The Life Table (Edmond Halley) Edmond Halley was a renowned astronomer, physicist, and mathematician who is primarily remembered today for calculating the arrival of the famous comet that shares his name. What is often forgotten is his outstanding work in actuarial science. Halley revolutionized the study of demographics by coming up with the first life table based on accurate demographic data. It’s not entirely known how, but in 1693 Halley had obtained or simply received unrequested demographic data for the city of Breslau, now the Polish city of Wroclaw. The document contained all the deaths and births registered in the city over a five-year period. Using this information, Halley came up with a life table that showed the probability of death for each respective age group. Halley’s table became an essential part of calculating life annuities from then on. To be fair, Halley’s work was pre-empted by another life table created 30 years prior by John Gaunt and William Pett. However, this table was a lot less accurate and involved a lot of guesswork. It was based on London, a city with a large migratory and expanding population at the time. It was also made using London’s bills of mortality, records that didn’t specify age at the time of death. Halley had access to a relatively stable population, which provided better data. 2. The Electric Piano (Walther Nernst) Walther Nernst was primarily known for his work in chemistry, including the third law of thermodynamics, which earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1920. However, in 1930 he teamed up with two companies, Bechstein and Siemens, to create something completely different - the Neo-Bechstein-Flugel, aka the first electric piano. This piano had no sounding board and used very thin strings and a small hammer to create music. The Neo-Bechstein-Flugel digital grand piano came at a time when radio was the hot new thing. It wasn’t unusual for it to be incorporated in all of the new appliances around the house. The Neo-Bechstein also had a radio receiver and a record player built in, and the three components could be operated together or individually. Despite featuring cutting edge technology, the Neo-Bechstein was still cheaper than a standard piano. Even with all of its features, the Neo-Bechstein-Flugel piano was a flop. It didn’t receive the ringing endorsements its inventors hoped for from professional pianists. This in addition to Bechstein’s financial problems meant that Nernst’s piano was soon off the market, although the principles behind it are still found today in electric guitars and electromagnetic pick-ups. 1. The Talking Doll (Thomas Edison) Edison is regarded not only as a talented inventor, but also a skilled businessman. As opposed to many other inventors, Edison made a fortune off his creations because he knew how to find a lucrative market for the products. That is how this little abomination came to be. Thomas Edison’s phonograph was a big hit, so he naturally tried to stick one wherever possible. The result was the Edison phonograph doll. Talking dolls are creepy, plain and simple. Even modern dolls can be terrifying when their batteries run low and they start speaking out of nowhere in a slow, demonic voice. You can imagine how disturbing a 120-year-old doll could be, but you can also see for yourself! To be fair, not all of Edison’s dolls sounded like someone speaking from the beyond. In fact, just a few years ago, a 123-year-old metal record for a doll was discovered in relatively good condition. Each record was unique. Since there was no method of mass duplicating sound recordings yet, Edison hired women to recite “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star” for each individual record. Despite Edison’s best efforts, the dolls were a failure and were only sold for a few weeks in 1890. [Source: Listverse. Edited.] Post a Comment
Monday, October 4, 2010 The Doll's House of Petronella Oortman In 1686 Petronella Oortman, a widow and wealthy in her own right, married the silk merchant Johannes Brandt (1654-1731). The couple lived on Warmoesstraat in Amsterdam. That same year, Petronella Oortman began her magnificent doll's house. She spent the following four years collecting miniature objects and furniture for the house, spending an estimated 20,000 to 30,000 guilders, the price of a real house along one of Amsterdam’s canals at that time. ca. 1686-1705 [Hobbies: In the 17th century, many wealthy Dutch merchants had collections of one sort or another, which they kept in display cabinets. The wives of these well-to-do gentlemen also had collections, which reflected their personal interests: their homes. Some had large cupboards full of miniature furniture and dolls, replicas of a real home. These doll's houses were sometimes on a magnificent scale. Whenever an important visitor dropped by, the host and hostess would show their collections. The master of the house would open the drawers of his cabinet and explain the contents to his guests, while his wife gave a comprehensive demonstration of her doll's house. She would display the contents of the cupboards, reveal hidden spaces, light the lamps and would let real water gush from the fountain in the garden. Doll's house demonstrations sometimes went on for hours.] Rijksmuseum Amsterdam No comments:
Trauma Sensitive Yoga and Mindfulness Trauma Sensitive Yoga and Mindfulness Trauma treatment is a specialty of AIP and we provide trauma-sensitive yoga classes in schools and in community settings. There is a growing body of evidence that modified yoga; taught by specially trained individuals in a therapeutic context, is an effective tool for healing and empowering people who have experienced trauma. The objective of trauma sensitive yoga is not to dredge up emotions or memories, but instead to help clients have a heightened sense of body awareness, embodiment, choice and empowerment. These simple outcomes have a profound effect on trauma survivors and are proving more potent than other previously used modalities for trauma. Trauma sensitive yoga is vital in helping people who have experienced trauma to learn how to calm their minds and regain safety in their bodies by noticing and learning to tolerate physical sensations. Trauma sensitive yoga brings back a sense of empowerment and choice for people who may have felt choice-less and powerless. Effectively dealing with stress or trauma depends upon achieving a balance between the amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex. To manage emotions, people can learn to regulate them from the top down (the brain) or the bottom up (the body). Top-down regulation involves strengthening the capacity of the medial prefrontal cortex to monitor our body’s sensations. Cognitive behavioral therapy is an example of a top-down regulation strategy. Bottom-up regulation involves recalibrating the autonomic nervous system through breath, movement or touch. The aim is to change our own physiology, our relationship to bodily sensations which can be tracked through heart rate + breathing patterns. Trauma therapists can help clients evoke and notice bodily sensations by tapping accupressure points. Rhythmic interactions with other people are also effective – tossing a beach ball back + forth, bouncing on a Pilates ball, drumming or dancing to music. Other interventions include yoga, mindfulness, martial arts and quigong. Arousal and emotional regulation are structured like an iceberg. Most regulation takes place outside of consciousness and cognition accounts for a minor part of our regulation. However, a great deal of emotional regulation takes place in our bodies. Emotions can be and, in fact, probably are mostly processed at an unconscious level. We become conscious and aware of all this after the fact. Trauma lives in our bodies and the bottom-up strategies work through our bodies. There is a growing interest in learning and offering body-based interventions in the mental health field as more and more research results demonstrate the efficacy of these practices. Individual therapists are using bottom-up regulation strategies, also known as somatic practices, with clients in therapy for complex trauma and/or PTSD. AIP has 300-hour trained Facilitator of TCTSY and yoga instructor on staff, who provides trainings for yoga teachers and mental health clinicians on Trauma-Sensitive Yoga so that they can apply some of the domains of TCTSY to their work with students and clients. AIP has been training Boston Public Schools’ clinicians to implement trauma-sensitive yoga and mindfulness into their therapy sessions with students. We’ve also been leading trauma-sensitive yoga and mindfulness classes with students, typically during classroom time at the requests of teachers. This works especially well with students with special needs and SLIFE (Students with Limited or Interrupted Formal Education) students. AIP has created Mindful Moments Rooms in BPS schools in which students who need to self-regulate can request a Mindful Moment to do some deep breathing, guided relaxation, mindful coloring, mindful walking or yoga stretches. Teachers can also refer students to the Mindful Moments Room for 5-minute “re-sets”. Please contact us for more information about bringing trauma-sensitive yoga and mindfulness to your school or organization.

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