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71 posts / 0 new Last post What’s the Meaning of Giant Footprints Found Around the World? Stories and tales about gigantic beings inhabiting the Earth occur in almost all ancient cultures and several continue to exist today. Giant human-shaped footprints have been discovered around the world and they are often thought to be millions, if not billions, of years old. For example, in August 2016, a giant human-shaped footprint was discovered by a group of photographers in Pingyan village in Guizhou, China. By the following month numerous websites had published similar stories that contributed to the believability of the account of the giant footprint. The footprint was said to be 57 cm long, 20 cm wide, and 3 cm deep. Found fossilized in rock, it was dated back to the prehistoric era. This discovery was monumental and controversial and it left many historians and scientists alike questioning what we know of human history and evolution. Are these giant footprints modern hoaxes? Could they have come from giant humans roaming the earth in the distant past? Or maybe there’s another explanation. There’s a lot of controversy surrounding these discoveries, but no certainty yet. What do you think? Giant footprints Possibly the giant prehistoric ape, Gigantopiticus. The forrprint looks more like an ape than a human You can't leave footprints in granite The foot print in China is in granite so it can’t be a giant prehistoric ape or a hominid or ANY living ling because Granite exists in two states magma or solid and it becomes solid kilometers below the earth and is only revealed by massive uplifting events and weathering long after setting solid and nothing can leave a footprint in it ever… it has to be a hoax foot prints I think you nailed at least the granite ones Cassandra. giant footprints I agree about granite. Only way I can see this to happen is a giant makes a footprint in the underworld on hot granite, and through uplifting it is visible in our world. Granite is “plastic” in the underworld, much hotter, and the underworld reality, with giants there, is described in all religeous and ancient text: Sumerian, Greek, Roman, Bible, etc, etc. I’ll bet there weren’t too many footprints, as that giant got off the rocks FAST! Maybe the big flood cooled him down, and wrenched the megolith upward at the same tiime!!?? Lawrence Martinez You appear to not have read about the underworld so much. Only in Greek and later, Roman were there issues about “Hades and the world he ruled”. The Egyptians and Sumerians had a very clear understanding of the underworld. Flames only really came into the picture later on to scare children to worship. I didn’t say anything about flames. But the Sumerians and Egyptians had mythologized the Underworld. If you took the giant footprint in magma as serious, well... Lawrence Martinez You didn’t have to. You implied an “underworld” with molten rock, anything combustable flashes into flames...I do not believe in an underworld, just the geological processes within the earth Gigantic anthropoid footprints Fossil footprints are relatively rare compared to fossil bones. If there are footprints, then where are the bones? Footprints would be relatively easy to hoax compared to fossils of bones. So, until fossilised bones are found, I remain skeptical. giant bones Giant’s bones have been discovered through archaeology. You must have seen them by now. Really. 12-15 foot specimins, Pictures. Unbelievable? yeah, except… look it up! Lawrence Martinez Giant Bones You didn’t realize those were photoshopped giant bones Why would documentaries show those photoshoped pictures, for sensationalism? They could be easily discretited, laughed at and scorned into not doing any more documentaries. I am working off, and believing the correlation of these documentaries claims and actual claims in biblical, Sumerian and greek text that giants existed. Look up the online streaming channel GAIA. It has much information...or bullshit for you to laugh at if you so please. Lawrence Martinez “documentaries” or money making shows? GAIA is a farce and not any more credible than Ken Ham is. When I say sources, I mean accredited articles, documentaries, and books. Not sensationalism by Georgio and any of the other Ufologists. have you seen the youtube have you seen the youtube channel “mud fossil university”, quite interesting Giant Footprint can't be Billions of years old Firstly Giant foot prints can’t possibly be billions of years old because the earth is only 4.5 billion years old. Secondly the alleged foot print in China was found in granite . Common sense tells you that you can’t leave foot prints in granite ! Firstly It exists as molten magma or it is solid and neither state can create the conditions for a foot print ! Secondly granite forms several kilometers below the earth surface and is only revealed after massive geological upheaval and weathering long after it has hardened ! Even if the granite was 200 million years as some sources suggests ,no living thing can leave foot prints in granite (and there were no mammals then any way let alone hominids) . The discovery in China did NOT perplex any bonafide geologists or scientists who knew instantly it had to be a hoax . giant footprints Carbon dating is bs. Carbon dating is effective to only 8,000 years, and only on organic matter. Any other dating is extrapolation through what exists through faulty science dating attempts. Guesses. That is it. Theories. That is it. No positive analysis and proof. The great flood messed up and confused anyone looking through the leftover geological detritus. So… when you are looking at stuff from the perspective of science, I believe you can “misunderstand” their placement of anything over at least 100,000 years, because they really don’t know. I know, I know, the Earth is suppose to be 4.5 something billion years it? Lawrence Martinez You sure are full of knowledge...jJust 20 years ago, I was taught they were carbon dating to 80,000 years and radioactive decay is very sound since it is correlated with newer and older geological events dated with similar processes to verify. And flooding does nothing to any dating technique. Melting does. Not water. So why don’t you post your references for your information. Giant footprints At least some of those giant footprints might very well belonged to extraterrestrial beings maybe to those from the Sirius planet known to have lived on Earth in ancient times.They were very tall as it appears in the Akashic Records. Science please While I subscribe fully to the fact that the universe is a mysterious place and am not at all adverse to unusual ideas that are still not accepted by mainstream such as telethapy etc in terms of Giant footprints we still have to be scientific.The footprint referred to in the original post in Guizhou, China was in Granite and no being ,extraterrestrial or otherwise can leave a footprint in granite because it forms kilometers below the earth as magma (and molten rock acceps no form) and once it reaches the surface of the earth through violent tectonic activity and revealed by weathering or other events it is solid.Sirius is not a planet ,but a class A star much hotter than our sun and about 17,000 degrees farenheight (9,500 C) with 26 x the energy of our son so NOTHING lived or lives there (and even if there were”things that could sustain endless nuclear fusions on Sirius caused by hydrogen being converted to helium they wouldn’t have feet !!!! ) ...and as “The Akashic records” (if you believe in them and I do not) are accessed only through the subconscious you should be aware of the inconsistant and unprovable nature of them .Sadly thinking a thought does not make it a fact….. giant footprints You definitely have knowledge. The aformentioned “from Sirius” means a planet orbiting Sirius. The Sumerian and Egyptian text refer to beings from Sirius that have had some kind of war or displacement and came to Earth. The Sumerian text has a king’s list written in stone dating their existence on earth for more then 80,000 years, as leaders here of ancient civilizations wherein they made mankind to do the work of agriculture and building. I am skeptical also, but I have read some of the text. I conclude the thousands of year old civilization actually believed this pre flood “myth” and wrote it down on stone tablets. It is very intriguing. Lawrence Martinez Giant Footprints Discovered Globally Hi elemjayem, I noticed you'd mention Sirius reference by The Sumerians and The Egyptians, I guess my question is Sirius also known as Orions Belt? Is Sirius near Pleiades? I'm not kidding around I am genuinely intrigued okay, elemjayem, so until next time, Goodbye! If you follow the 3 stars in Orion’s belt, it points to Sirius, the brightest star in the sky (except Venus). It was associated with the annual floods in Persia and Egypt (not Babylon). In ancient Babylon Sirius was represented by an arrow constellation. It represented both Isis and Ishtar. People, families, and cities were associated with constellations for various reasons which are why zodiacs are called houses. It does not mean folks came from that region of space. As time went by it was clear the meaning became confused and legends rose up that people were from Sirius or the Pleiades. They are not. Giant Footprints Discovered Globally Hi ledom, Thank you ledom for letting me know much appreciate; so until next time, ledom Goodbye! giant footprints Tom Shaver Cassandra is correct. These foorprints are clearly hoaxes or due to weathering. It is a shame that sites like this promote ignorance in order to get clicks. Facts are always more interesting Yes is a great pity to promote easily provable hoaxes when facts are always more interesting. A lot of information on this site is really interesting ,but including hoaxes which as you point out fosters and relies upon ignorance it ,totally undermines the credibility of the entire site . It’s like adding mud to clear water ! Giant Footprints To date, no footprint (evidence of giants), ark, or other story from the Torah or the bible has been proven to be real. None of them. Ken Ham uses real fossil giant turtle flippers as fosil giant hands, but you should look at the shape of the fossil and see that it indeed has the shape of a flipper and not a hand. Ham has gotten rich off of gulible people, as have many televangelists around the world. They prey on the gulible and needy. They count on you wanting to believe in god. Believe in a god if you want, but do not ever blieve in what the shucksters tell you. Giant Footprints Wood has been found on Mt. Arrat that dates to the time of the flood. Wood on Mt Arrat Nothing, I repeat, nothing, has been proven. All the claimed “ship shaped” forms seen in satellite photos have not been found to be other than natural rock formations. All wood claimed to come from the mountain could be from anywhere, nothing documented in an expedition has been brought forth, and Turkey has closed any further investigations because they keep getting proven as false finds and for the Islamic world, that cannot be so no one gets to prove or disprove anything. Sasquatch sightings/footprints Scores of people up to the preesent day have reported pictures of similar footprints & sightings of large hairy man-like creatures in the woods who are very stealthy and there have been numerous videos made of them, they bury their dead in remote wilderness areas. Mainly from hunters and fisherman, hikers, but other random encounters. How can thousands and thousands of people be making this up? I invite people to check out YouTube “thefactshowtohunt” by Steve Isdahl who is a hunter guide who shares people’s encounters with these beings. Although I personally have never encountered them myself , after listening to many of the accounts , I think they are real! Sasquatch sightings/footprints Sorry, to date, no proven footprint, hair, body, bones or other has been presented. All these hunters, fishermen, and “searchers” have failed to bring back real evidence. And, a sasquatch would not leave a “giant” footprint so large a human foot is dwarfed by it. The largest ape ever, Gigantopithecus, is far smaller than these “footprints” yet we have fossils of them, but not of sasquatch or biblical giants. That is the difference, one existed, the others do not Bigfoot Hair If I recall a DNA test was done on a supposed Yeti hair. It tested as a species of an unknown bear if I recall, perhaps a hybrid or “extinct” species. Bigfoot hair ledom, there was one expert analysis that identified hair evidence as coming from a decendant animal from a long ago Himalayan bear – Polar bear hybrid. It was later said by someone else, another expert, that the identification was mistaken. We are in the hands of the experts in the various fields. They know more than us no doubt, but maybe still not enough to accept without nervous reservation. Experts have been waging war from their respective diffferent standpoints regarding the specifics of homid descent for quite some time now, for instance. Thinking something does not make it so Sorry Joe ...You ask (quote) “how can thousands and thousands of people be making this up ?“ In the middle ages thousands and thousands of people reported seeing their neighbours flying on broomsticks (and also flying on monkeys and pigs !) and cavorting naked with the devil (often in mid air !!!) and suckling bats like infants etc This resulted in thousands of people being burnt at the stake as a witch. Interestingly none of these witches took the opportunity to escape on their flying brooms or magical monkeys or pigs, nor did they levitate out of reach and the devil didn’t rescue them ;instead they died truly horrific deaths by being burnt alive simply because so many people like yourself thought “How can thousands and thousands of people be making this up ?” But that is exactly what happened.The human brain is a strange thing ; easily influenced , prone to embelishment and capable of distorting reality . I was a witness in a bank robbery. 3 of us were held at gun point by 2 men including me. You would think such an event would be easy to recall ,but the 3 of us gave astoundingly different descriptions of the men involved . All the details from clothing to appearance to ethnicity varied. Each one of us remembered the SAME event differently .In fact one witness insisted there were 3 men . The police were frustrated ,but told us it was often the case (which leads me to wonder about Police line-ups)… my point is that just because someone says something it doesn’t make it true and just because you think something, doesn’t make it real and interestingly the more someone repeats a story the truer it appears , but “appears” is the key word here !…….Sadly the more anecdotal the evidence is the less likely it is to be true. Think about it ! Lots of sightings of Bigfoot and Bigfoot foot prints ; thousands in fact, but no fecal matter , no body remains,no bones or teeth , no hair or fur snagged on a tree (any fur found has turned out to be a curious mix of several animals often including dog and monkey), no DNA traces left ,not even in supposed abandoned meals and no shelters or bedding found etc ? Does that make sense to you ? The fact that bigfoot foot prints aren’t found by scientific people who actually want to find them and I’m talking about people with the expert knowledge to do so, people capable of finding very rare animals is a big red flag ! Too many Bigfoot foot prints are neat and tidy without the splayed toes barefoot hominids have…..I have yet to see any convincing evidence for Bigfoot and I would love Bigfoot to be true ! Big Foot creature is from an alternate reality Good response and you observed there hasn’t been any traces of these creatures found in the millions of sightings but peope are definitely witnessing something all over the planet and that can’t be denied. From that I believe these are actual some sort of beings that pop in and out of our reality at will for some unknown purpose. We can use science or metaphysics in dealing with this but I believe the best approach is to keep an open mind until it is resolved one way or another or as I always say “keep one foot outside the box always”. Born a truth-seeker. Listen, people have been Listen, people have been talking about Cassandra and her extraordinary gifts and insights for centuries. Not one of her predictions ever turned out 100% unequivocally on the ball. Any pronouncement of Cassandra that seemed to be true only seemed that way because people WANTED it to be true. They WANTED to believe. Giant foot prints I believe there have been other civilizations before ours on earth, footprints or not. Compelling witnesses are the amount of huge temples and other marks in stone, that none other than most civilized people, most possibly extraterrestrians some of whom giants, could have formed. I don´t think the individual foot prints have any special meaning more than someone big took a walk. Giant foot prints I agree that there were civilazation before ours. They were as, if not more, advanced than we are today. Many people try to fit history into evolution by ignoring anything that does not follow the paridigm. Pole shifts can erase a lot of people, culture, and artifacts. We know they have happened before, and will again if we are honest with ourselves. Giants could have existed in another history of earth, some may have survived into our era, but not enough to propagate the species. Question everthing Other Civilizations The only proven early civilizations are in China, Africa, and India/Pakistan. And they were either well documented, being, documented, or need to be documented. The other so called formations amount to nothing if no signs of habitation are found, which they haven’t found. Atlantis is most suredly a civilization destroyed when Thera (now known as Santorini) erupted 3500-3600 years ago or so. Plato was mistranslated or misinformed, and since he was in no way a first hand witness, but instead, a many times over reteller of a oral legend and not a documented story, it is pretty sure to have been a Mycenaean Greece city. No other proof has been presented, just ideas. Big Foot is from an alternate reality I believe these large creatures often called big foot or sasquatch have been visiting Earth from alternate realities as long as there have been beings living here. Their presence has been report on every single continent for thousands of years and isn’t it strange no body has ever been found? This is a big hint for me they do not come from here and will never be caught because their senses are very advnaced to evade us at will. I believe they have a mission on Earth to help and not hostile or violent in any way. This is my perception of these creatures. Bigfoot and another dimension No evidence of either. Other dimensions are no more than mathematical musing. The same math that says there are other dimensions also allows for a universe that is a hologram, a universe that is a computer program, and multiple universes. There is only one math that disputes all these and it uses logic and is seldom referenced because they cannot make the other mathematics work under this one mathematic’s rules. So, you can believe what you want, but when it all is said and done, you have been believing in musings by science fiction writers since Mark Twain wrote the first time travel story. The rest comes from ancient religions and the way people have interpeted the meanings of such over the last 5-6 thousand years. You cannot distinguish reality from made for TV entertainment. Why Aliens in Sumeria I love the theories of giant aliens living in Sumeria making human mine gold for them. Seriously, why the swamps of Iraq? If I was an alien I would be out on the beach in California listening to the Beach Boys, kicking back a cool Pina Colada while humans mined gold at Sutter’s Mill. For entertainment we could watch sabre tooth tigers struggle to get out of tar pits. My proof is that there are zero people who are living on the beach in California trying to figure out how they can retire to a swamp in Iraq and live with the Marsh Arabs. Very entertaining! See folks, y’all can take a lighter side here. On my part, I WAS on the beach in LA listening to the Beach Boys, but there it diverges. I was only thinking of visiting the LaBrea Tar Pits and I had NO IDEA what a Pina Colada was. 50 years ago. Lawrence Martinez 50 years ago I was station in Malibu and visited Venice (when it still had flooded canals) and Zuma beaches. I saw Dr Hook at Pepperdine Malibu, I scuba dived of the private beaches in Malibu. But I do not believe in Giants other than those reported by the Utes and supposedly found and covered up by a rancher. The cyclops were an imagined giant based on a Manmouth skull, A hippogriff on a protoceretops, sea monsters likely were oarfish, and krakens (giant squid) washed up on shores in the ancient past as they do today that measure 30 or more feet total. Unicorns are a breed of sheep from North Africa with Narwhal tusks superimposed for effect by ancient sailors. Like all the other Like all the other artifactual evidence that they cannot easily make disappear, it simply indicates that we are being lied to as to ancient history. The truth about all the 8-9 foot skeletons and million year old modern human skulls, etc., found and quickly whisked away to the dark abysses of private ownership (or somewhere dark) would destroy all the work of the fraudsters who give us their non-sensical alternative (to the truth) narratives. Nobody gets paid to tell the truth. Lack of Discovery Does not Indicate Lies In any field ,including Science it is important to be able to say “I don’t know”. In making a hypothesis you still have to base that hypothesis on the evidence . Thinking something doesn’t make it a reality. Opinions too MUST be based on evidence . We aren’t being lied to ; we just need more evidence to draw conclusioins. Nobody is disputing that in some rare instances people do grow to 8 or 9 feet . One example that springs to mind is Robert Wadlow in Illinois who died in 1945 and was just under 9 feet , but this is not proof of Giants ; just rare examples of disorders like pituitary gigantism, Marfan syndrome, eunuchoid tallness, Sotos syndrom and acromelagy …...There is growing evidence of civilizations older than can be understood by current data and you aren’t being told lies about it ; there are just gaps in information which is natural as the further back in time we go the more evidence is destroyed , not deliberately ,but naturally… is the hoaxes and fraudsters that make finding the truth and sorting out the facts more challenging in addition to people relying on “feelings” rather than evidence. Wanting to believe is no basis for belief ,but sadly that is how many people operate ! Wanting to believe is no basis for belief You are so right Cassandra. The Maasai people have an average height of 6 ft 3 inches. So many of them would top 7 ft which would have been gigantic to the average stone/bronze age person of 5 ft 3 inches. The establishment is best The establishment is best known for rushing to its own defense. Nobody gets paid to tell the truth. No what? You cannot accept known facts or no you do accept known facts? Very large noisy smelly creatures I agree our ancient and current history has not been adequately preserved and reported as there are too many self interests that gladly hijack it for their own purposes. I have decided to change big foot and all other names to “Very large noisy smelly creatures” just to mix things up a little on this highly conroversial topic and to see what comments it draws. Have a great day on the universe!
Often asked: Where Is Santa Cruz De Saba? Why did Spanish build Santa Cruz de San Saba? Located along the San Saba River, the mission was intended to convert members of the Lipan Apache tribe. Although no Apache ever resided at the mission, its existence convinced the Comanche that the Spanish had allied with the Comanche’s mortal enemy. What was Presidio San Saba originally called? Who built the San Saba mission? In 1756, Father Terreros and his missionaries and nine Tlaxcalans from Mexico and 100 soldiers arrived in San Antonio, Texas. The next year, they traveled to the San Saba River and founded Mission Santa Cruz de San Saba and the Presidio San Luis de las Amarillas, better known as Presidio de San Saba. What does San Saba mean in English? Proper noun a rione in Rome, Italy, named after the local basilica. Why did San Saba fail? You might be interested: Quick Answer: Where Do People Get Santa Cruz Shirts? Why did the Apaches want the Spanish to build the San Sabá mission? Spanish Motives: Apache Souls and Precious Metals. The San Sabá Mission was intended specifically for the Lipan Apache Indians, who had asked that a mission be established in their area of Texas. Historians believe that the Lipan were really interested in getting the protection that a Spanish presence would provide. What are some Presidios in Texas? The presidios in Texas were Nuestra Señora de los Dolores de los Tejas (1716), San Antonio de Béxar (1718), Nuestra Señora de Loreto and Nuestra Señora del Pilar de los Adaes (both 1721), San Francisco Xavier de Gigedo (1751), San Agustín de Ahumada (1756), San Luis de las Amarillas (1757), and (1789). What was the first Spanish mission in Texas? What mission was built in Central Texas when Apaches requested Spanish protection? The mission San Lorenzo, about 50 miles west of San Juan Bautista, was established in 1754 for Apaches. Leave a Reply
The rate of shark attacks may be related to changes in phases of the moon, according to new research out of Louisiana State University (LSU) and the University of Florida. The study, published in the peer-reviewed journal Frontiers in Marine Science, reported more shark attacks than average occur during periods of higher lunar illumination and fewer attacks than average occur during periods of lower illumination. The findings were based on 55 years of global shark attack data collected from 1960 to 2015. "It's not a matter of more light at night for sharks to see. Most shark attacks occur in the daylight," Steve Midway, an associate professor in LSU's oceanography department, said in a news release. "However, the moon can exert other forces on Earth and its oceans in ways that are much more subtle -- for example, the gravitation pull that we see affect the tides." It's still too early to say if lunar illumination is a causative factor for shark attacks, according to the researchers, but this new information could help to shape our understanding of shark attacks going forward. "The abundance of data we have would suggest that there is something there that's worth continuing to look at," Midway said.
🕒 6 min. Organizations in the travel and hospitality sectors often run market analyses to learn what their target audience needs and wants are. One of the key initiatives is demographic segmentation and trying to discover how each of the segments behaves. Gen Z travelers make one of the most significant demographic segments today. Discovering and understanding their behavioral patterns is key if you want to sell your services to them. Businesses in the travel and hospitality sectors often disregard this big group of travelers, thinking it is less opportune. However, for 43% of Gen Z travelers, traveling remains a top priority. Let’s take a closer look at Gen Z travelers, discover their key behaviors and what makes them different from millennials. Gen Z Definition Thanks to generational cohorts, researchers are able to analyze changes in behavior. This information is essential for businesses across verticals as it helps them better understand new customers. So, what is the definition of Gen Z? Gen Z is defined as anyone born from 1997 onward. The oldest among this new generation is just turning 24. Most people in this cohort are in their teens, if not younger. It is the largest and most ethnically diverse generation in the US. Gen Z grew up with the internet and social media. Due to being so closely intertwined with technology resulted in this gen being stereotyped as tech-addicted. The latest research indicates that Gen Z will make the largest share of the U.S. consumer population. With a population of 82 million people, Gen Z even surpasses millennials by 2 million. How do they travel? How do people in the Gen Z cohort travel? Are there any unique behavioral patterns you should know about? Generally speaking, Gen Z travel behavior shows three distinct characteristics. 1. Gen Z is fond of OTAs. A quick reminder – OTA stands for online travel agency. OTAs make an online booking channel. They often have unique offers such as loyalty programs and dynamic packages. It appears that Gen Z favors OTAs above any other available online booking channel such as travel agent websites, metasearch, and direct websites. Gen Z uses OTAs to book cars, air transportation, and hotels. 2. Gen Z uses a travel subscription. Young travelers are more open to receiving new and engaging offers through direct channels such as email and messaging. Not only do they welcome the direct offers but seriously consider their value and act on them to organize new trips. 3. Finally, while the worldwide pandemic affected travelers and their plans worldwide, Gen Z appears to be more resilient to the challenges pandemic caused. For instance, people in other cohorts choose isolated lodging, less crowded destinations, and local destinations. Image source: Phocuswright Meanwhile, young travelers still had an interest in international travel. In fact, 40% of Gen Z travelers travelled abroad in 2020. That’s the highest share of all generational cohorts. Image source: Phocuswright Finally, for 43% of Gen Z, traveling is one of the top priorities. Gen Z vs. Millennials: The Key Differences Are there any key differences in how Gen Z and Millennials travel? Yes, there are some noteworthy ones. While Gen Z encompasses people born after 1997, Millennials are a group of people born between 1981 and 1996 (ages 25 and 40 in 2021). Let’s see who travels more, Gen Z or Millennials? At the moment, Millennials travel more than any other generation. US Millennials travel 35 days per year, while Gen Z youngsters travel 29 days per year. Still, Gen Z travels more than Generation X and Baby Boomers and is right behind the Millennials. Considering that most of the people in the Gen Z cohort are still financially dependent on their parents, this trend is quite logical. Millennials and Gen Z also don’t share the same plans when it comes to international travel. Over half, more precisely, 51% of Gen Z travelers are planning international trips while 37% of them have plans for domestic vacations. Almost half of the Millennials don’t plan to go abroad. 35% of them plan international trips. The difference when it comes to international trips is substantial between Millennials and Gen Z. Gen Z is also more flexible than Millennials when it comes to COVID safety regulations when traveling. Millennials do love to travel, but they are more interested in business trips than Gen Z travelers. They value the opportunity to explore unique places after they are finished with the day’s tasks. The combination of business and pleasure is not something Gen Z is interested in. Unlike Millennials who want to mix business and pleasure, the Gen Z generation is more interested in enjoying their abroad vacation in a unique way. Due to that fact they list some very exotic destinations as their preferences. For instance, they’d like to cruise volcanic islands in the Cyclades, enjoy a desert safari in Dubai, or a bioluminescent tour of the bay in San Juan. Lastly, we have budgeting as one remaining key difference. Both Millennials and Gen Z agree that budgeting is the most restricting factor when planning a trip. When it comes to hiring a third party to plan a trip and stay for them, Millennials were more willing to do so than Gen Z generation. Millennials and Gen Z generations don’t value vacations in the same way. For instance, 48% of Millennials say that having a unique experience is a must-have for a vacation to be considered a favorite. At the same time, only 38% of Gen Z travelers think that a unique experience is the essential element of a great vacation. Millennials and Gen Z don’t plan on spending the same amount of cash for the excursions and amenities available at the destination. When on vacation, 20% of Millennials have plans to spend anywhere between $50 and $100 on bonus experiences every day. At the same time, 15% of Gen Z share the same plans. Both Millennials and Gen Z do exhibit a couple of same behavior patterns when it comes to traveling. However, there are more than a few key differences you should be aware of. Gen Z is more flexible when considering COVID safety regulations, doesn’t let the pandemic affect their plans to travel abroad, is more interested in exotic destinations, but has more limiting budgets than Millennials. • Hotelmize is an AI-driven Travel-tech startup company that allows travel companies to increase their hotel bookings’ profits by more than 35%, optimizing their purchasing rates post-booking in a fully automated procedure.Hotelmize monitors and processes millions of bookings and billions of US$ value each year. Join the travel tech club!
How Rani Velu Nachiyar planned the first suicide attack to disarm the British Velu Nachiyar was well-trained in martial arts, horse riding, Silambam, and archery As early as in the 18th century, thousands of men across the country left their homes and devoted their life to free India from the clutches of the British rule. The Indian independence movement also saw hundreds of women leaving the comfort of their homes and fearlessly joining the battle for freedom. One such woman was Rani Velu Nachiyar. She was the first queen to pick up arms against the British, even before the Rani of Jhansi came into the picture. The Queen of the Tamil kingdom of Shivagangai, Rani Velu Nachiyar was a valiant queen who took back her kingdom from the British and went on to rule it until her death. As we celebrate 70 years of independence, here’s remembering the brave female ruler of India who is an absolute source of inspiration for many women out there. Early life Born to a royal couple in Ramnad, Velu Nachiyar was brought up like a boy by her family because they did not have a male heir. She was well-trained in martial arts, horse riding, Silambam, and archery. Rani Velu Nachiyar Photo: Crimes of Britain \| Twitter She was well versed in English, French and Urdu language. Velu Nachiyar got married to the king of Sivagangai, Muthuvadugananthur Udaiyathevar at the age of 16 and had a daughter named Vellachi. Read More: How Mahatma Gandhi’s fearless wife Kasturba Gandhi defied even her husband’s wishes Entry into the freedom struggle All was well until the British invaded her kingdom and killed her husband. However, Velu Nachiyar managed to escape with her daughter and took refuge under some of her influential friends for eight years in Dindugal along with the Maruthu brothers who had promised to avenge her husband’s death and regain the kingdom. During these years, she formed alliances and developed her plan to take control of her kingdom by taking it back from the British empire. Rani Velu Nachiyar She formed her own army in the late 1700s with the assistance of Sultan Hyder Ali of Mysore. She had requested him to provide for 5000 infantry and 5000 cavalries that would help her to fight the British. She kept moving and changing her bases to confuse the English. Hyder Ali agreed to support her in her battle for freedom and gave her the necessary weapons required to attack the Britishers. The Main battle Velu Nachiyar is believed to be the first person to have come up with the idea of a human bomb and arranged a “suicide attack”. In 1780, when Velu found the place where the British had stored their ammunitions and weapons, she organised a suicide attack. Some believe that her adopted daughter Kuyili drenched herself in oil and ghee and set herself on fire which eventually blew up the ammunitions stored by the British in the storehouse. Rani Velu Nachiyar With the help of the new army and her alliances, she fearlessly entered Sivagangai again despite all the obstacles and hurdles placed forth by her enemies. She captured the traitors who had helped British capture the kingdom and attacked the British troops. She valiantly fought the British army and took back her kingdom only to be named the queen of Sivagangai yet again. Nachiyar thereby became the first queen to revolt against the British. Rani Velu Nachiyar Photo: Sreemathy Mohan‏ \| Twitter A true icon of bravery, Velu Nachiyar ruled the kingdom for 10 more years till she died of illness in 1796. Her daughter Vellacci inherited the throne.
What is investigative journalism? Investigative journalism takes a deep dive into a single topic. Reporters can spend weeks, months, or even years gathering facts before writing an article or series of articles. Investigative journalists often focus on exposing uncomfortable facts or truths. Some may have been covered up deliberately, while others may have been missed or overlooked by news agencies. These could include organized criminal activity, corruption, corporate malfeasance, or unsavory behavior by our politicians and leaders. The work is exhaustive and highly-time consuming. It requires dogged persistence, incredible attention to detail, pattern recognition skills, and an ability to translate complex information into simple language. Journalists use a wide range of tools when gathering information for a story, including public records, specialist research sources, freedom of information requests, interviews, open-source databases, and legal documents. Why investigative journalism matters Investigative journalism is about holding powerful people, politicians, criminals, corporations, and governments accountable for their actions. By exposing corruption and malpractice, investigative journalism is a way of ensuring that nobody is above the law. Essentially, it's a profoundly democratic practice underpinned by truth, freedom, and fairness. It also puts the spotlight on underrepresented groups, providing a much-needed voice for the voiceless. In the past, this has led to changes in the law and cultural attitudes, creating better societies where more people are treated with dignity and respect. Back in 1887, Elizabeth Seaman, a journalist at Joseph Pulitzer-owned New York World, better known by her pen name Nellie Bly, feigned mental illness to expose the inhumane conditions at Women's Lunatic Asylum in New York City. Seaman's widely acclaimed articles led to a Grand Jury investigation and increased funding for mental health facilities. Threatening existing power structures Investigative journalists have a passion for uncovering the truth, whatever the cost. Many have sacrificed their freedoms and safety to expose wrongdoings or share crucial information with the world. Last year, reporter Zhang Zhan was arrested and jailed for reporting on elements of the COVID-19 outbreak the Chinese government wanted to suppress. More recently, US journalist Danny Fenster was sentenced to 11 years in jail by a court in Myanmar. Fenster was working for a banned news outlet that had been critical of a coup carried out by senior figures in the Myanmar military. Other journalists have tragically paid the ultimate price, including Daphne Anne Caruana Galizia. The Maltese writer, described as a one-person WikiLeaks, was murdered by a car bomb in 2017 after reporting on political and financial corruption in Malta. Three men were charged with the crime, with one receiving a 15-year sentence for murder. Worryingly, a report by a group of former Maltese judges suggested the conspiracy involved former senior members of the Maltese government. Thankfully, incidents like this are extremely rare, and the majority of reporters work under the full protection of the law. However, these stories are a stark reminder of how investigative journalism poses a genuine threat to corrupt power structures. Investigative journalism success stories There is a long list of famous examples of investigative journalism. Here's a brief look at some of the stand-out cases: • Bill Dedman's 1988 investigation for The Atlanta Journal-Constitution exposed how mortgage lenders in middle-income neighborhoods actively discriminated against black applicants. • In 2009, The Daily Telegraph revealed that British MPs had been filing frivolous and highly dubious expense claims. Some MPs used public money to refurbish their second homes before selling them at a profit. Criminal charges were brought against several MPs, four of whom received prison sentences. • Broken by Washington Post reporters Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward, The Watergate scandal exposed corruption at the heart of US President Nixon's administration. The two-year investigation found evidence of bribery, wire-tapping political opponents, and links to the American Mafia. The scandal forced Nixon to quit, making him the only US President to ever resign from office. • Hopewell Chin'ono, an award-winning Zimbabwean journalist, investigated and exposed the Covid-gate scandal in June 2020. She proved $60 million in COVID relief funding had been siphoned off to a shell company called Drax linked to President Emmerson Mnangagwa. • With 165 reporters across 65 countries, the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) is one of the biggest networks of investigative journalists in the world. It exposed organized crime, international tobacco companies, private military cartels, asbestos companies, climate change lobbyists, and details of Iraq and Afghanistan war contracts. More recently, the ICIJ published the Panama Papers, a sprawling investigation into global tax evasion schemes exploited by the rich and powerful. The future of investigative journalism Traditional journalism faces many challenges. Today's digital markets demand quick turnarounds and real-time responses to breaking stories. As such, many newspapers and other outlets are no longer incentivized to support or fund the kind of work that goes into an in-depth exposes. However, investigative journalism isn't dead yet. Instead, new digital tools and resources are providing even greater opportunities for collaborations and investigations, as shown by the reporting on the Pandora Papers and the Panama Papers, for instance. Roy Greenslade pounded the pavements for over 20 years as a reporter for The Sunday Times. Now at the end of his career, Greenslade is envious of the tools available to his younger colleagues. "Digital tools have turned out to be a wonderful addition to the reporting armory," says Greenslade. "It's possible to argue that investigative journalism today is in a healthier state than ever before. Computer terminals have proven more effective in discovering secrets than shoe leather. And I went through plenty of shoe leather in my day." Greenslade also highlights the work of the Bureau of Investigative Journalism (BIJ). The BIJ is a group of London-based reporters who crunch data and surf the web to find important stories. It has worked with major news organizations to bring some much-needed attention to the large number of homeless people who die relatively young. It has also exposed how private landlords exploited loopholes in the law to make large profits renting sub-standard temporary accommodation to the homeless and asylum seekers. Becoming an investigative journalist If you want to become an investigative journalist, one of the first things you will really need is a journalism degree. Many schools offer full bachelor’s degrees in journalism. They cover all the various forms of journalism, such as print, digital, blogging, social media, and television. You will also learn about copyright, libels law, and other reporting regulations. In addition to lots of classroom learning, you'll likely get a chance to take part in some internships and placements, such as working in a newsroom, at a local paper, at a magazine, or as a junior production assistant for a news broadcaster. Also, you can study for a postgraduate degree in journalism. These master's courses last between 12-24 months and offer more opportunities for specialization. For example, the University of Salford, which has strong ties to the BBC, now offers an MA in International Journalism for Digital Media. Life as a journalism student Esther Batemen is a journalism student at the University of Hertfordshire. Here's what her ‘average’ day looks like: "I usually have one or two lectures that last around two hours, but there's no such thing as a typical day as a journalism student. One day I might be working on coursework or writing my blog. Another day I'm getting a tour around a newsroom or shadowing a courtroom reporter. Studying journalism is fun and engaging. It's also very practical. You feel like you're learning stuff you'll actually use in your career. And I work on the college paper. It's a great way to get more involved in campus life and learn some of the people skills every good reporter needs." Investigative journalism isn't for everyone. However, if you're a brave and determined idealist who believes in freedom and truth, then it's definitely the 'write' career path for you.
Weird Facts: Your Tongue May Make You Eat Too Much Salt Some people may be eating too much salt because they are bitter — or, rather, their tongues are. Research presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2016 suggests that people with certain gene variants that enable them to taste more bitterness in foods are likely to eat more salt than recommended. According to a statement from the American Heart Association, the roughly 400 people involved in the study were not more likely to exceed recommended values of sugar or saturated fats, which can have a negative impact on heart health just like salt. breze-1670107_1920 The average American eats more than the recommended daily salt intake. Image courtesy of Pixabay, public domain “There is some research suggesting that individuals who taste bitter more intensely may also taste salt more intensely and enjoy it more, leading to increased sodium intake,” lead author Jennifer Smith, from the University of Kentucky College of Nursing, said in the statement. “Another theory is that they use salt to mask the bitter taste of foods and thus consume more sodium.” Read: How Too Much Salt Affects Your Heart, Brain And Even Bone Health Sodium is most often found in processed or packaged foods and in restaurants, and too much of it can lead to high blood pressure, which in turn is a risk factor for conditions like heart attack and stroke. But with enough education, the AHA says, people may make food choices that are better for their hearts. “Genetic factors that influence taste aren't necessarily obvious to people, but they can impact heart health by influencing the foods they select,” Smith said. In certain amounts, salt is healthy because it maintains the body’s fluid balance — it attracts water and thus influences blood volume — as well as helps transmit nerve impulses and plays a role in muscles contracting and relaxing, according to the Mayo Clinic. It is recommended that people ingest less than 2,300 milligrams of sodium every day, but the average American takes in more than 3,400 milligrams. When blood volume increases too much with excess sodium intake, pressure increases and affects the heart. To reduce salt intake, the Mayo Clinic recommends eating more fresh foods, reducing salt in recipes, buying low-sodium products and cutting out certain condiments, among other measures. Read: How Salty Yoga Helped My Shallow Breathing Join the Discussion
Robotic Gallbladder removal Minimally invasive general surgery Gallbladder Removal using the Latest Robotic Technology Gallbladder surgery is extremely common in the United States. When bile builds up in the gallbladder it can lead to the formation of stones. People who are overweight or obese are more likely to develop gallstones. Some individuals may develop stones that do not cause many symptoms or problems. However, those that do have issues with gallstones and inflammation may require surgery to remove the stones and gallbladder, which is called a cholecystectomy. What are symptoms of gallstones? Pain in the pit of your stomach that can spread to your upper back Pain that gets worse when you eat food Fever and chills Yellowing of the skin and eyes How is a cholecystectomy done? Nova Bariatrics using minimally invasive robotic technology to perform this surgery. This method of technology results in quicker recovery time and less pain. After your gallbladder is removed, you will no longer have gallstones. Your body will work fine without a gallbladder. The change is that bile instead will just flow straight from the liver to the intestines. NOVA Bariatrics Dr. Alibhai • Robotic Gallbladder surgery • Robotic hernia surgery • Acid Reflux surgery Mustafa H. Alibhai,MD,FACS,FASMBS
Pop Rocks and Carbonation Photo Credit: Jamie (jamiesrabbits/Flickr) Some might say one of life’s little pleasures is eating candy. Those who have tried Pop Rocks, however, know that its sugary glory and dare-devilish allure warrant an entirely new adventure. Although it appears harmless, a handful of Pop Rocks candy will set off a fizzy explosion of sugar crystals and popping noises in your mouth. But no remorse is needed; Pop Rocks aren’t actually dangerous. (Mythbusters proves your stomach won’t explode.) How are Pop Rocks made? Pop Rocks were developed by scientist William A. Mitchell in 1956 with a technique patented in 1961 to create a revolutionary confection which “enclos[es] a gas within a solid matrix” [1, 2]. Essentially, Pop Rocks is made of a typical hard candy sugar solution (sucrose, lactose, corn syrup and flavoring) with the addition of one important ingredient: highly-pressurized carbon dioxide (CO2). First, the sugar solution is heated and melted to obtain a “fusible sugar”. Pop Rocks, like most other hard candies, uses a sugar solution of sucrose, lactose, and corn syrup, because these ingredients produce candy with low hygroscopicity – which means the candy is less likely to absorb water from the surrounding atmosphere [2]. This ensures that the sweet morsels do not dissolve as easily in a humid environment; they are also less sticky and have a longer shelf life. Just as CO2 transforms syrupy juice into soda, it will turn ordinary candy into Pop Rocks! The way this works: CO2 at 600 pounds per square inch (psi) is mixed with the melted sugar until there is about 0.5 to 15 ml of gas per gram of sugar [1, 2]. Note that 600 psi is roughly 7 times greater than the pressure inside a champagne bottle, 20 times greater the pressure in your car tires, and 40 times greater than normal atmospheric pressure at sea level [5, 6]. Photo Credit: Wikipedia Photo Credit: Spiff (Wikimedia Commons) Once the CO2 is thoroughly incorporated, a process which takes anywhere from 2-6 minutes [2], the mixture is cooled and the candy hardens. Cooling is done as rapidly as possible to prevent CO2 from diffusing out of the candy, reduce hygroscopicity, and minimize crystallization, a process which makes the candy very fragile. [2] This causes the Pop Rocks to shatter and gives the candy’s signature appearance, “mini rocks” of sugar crystals. The result? Small candy pieces encapsulating bubbles of high-pressure CO2. Lo, the magic of carbonation! Photo Credit: Wikipedia Photo Credit: Evan Amos (Wikimedia Commons) So why do Pop Rocks pop? When you eat Pop Rocks, the moisture and temperature in your mouth melts the candy. The subsequent popping sounds are a result of the high-pressure CO2 bubbles being released into atmospheric pressure! But what about the crackling sensations felt in your mouth? Why do we perceive carbonation as a fizzy, tingling flavor sensation? In the past few years, scientists have identified that taste receptor cells can actually detect and respond to carbonation. Specifically, sour-sensing taste receptor cells are activated in response to CO2 and are responsible for the “taste of carbonation” [3]. Photo Credit: Bart Heird (chicagobart/Flickr) Photo Credit: Bart Heird (chicagobart/Flickr) The Taste of Carbonation Sour-sensing taste receptors specifically express a gene which encodes carbonic anhydrase 4, which is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of CO2 to bicarbonate ions (HCO3) and free protons (H+). This enzyme is only attached on the surface of sour-sensing taste receptor cells, so when you eat Pop Rocks or drink carbonated soda, CO2 is broken down and H+ proton byproducts linger outside of the cell. Since sour-sensing taste receptors activate in response to acidic environments. Therefore, they will detect this abundance of free H+ protons and ultimately, detect the taste of carbonation [3]. (A) CO2 is broken down into HCO3- and H+ by the carbonic anhydrase 4 enzyme (B) The abundance of H+ byproducts creates an acidic environment. Through ion channels, the H+ ions enter the sour-taste receptor, which depolarizes the cell and leads to the detection of CO2 . (A) CO2 is broken down into HCO3 and H+ by the carbonic anhydrase 4 enzyme However, carbonation doesn’t always taste sour to us because CO2 is detected by multiple somatosensory systems in the body. Some researchers even suggest that the tingling, burning sensations associated with the perception of carbonation can be caused by CO2 triggering pain receptors [4]. Would this mean our society’s desire for carbonated food and drink has strangely evolved against a natural aversion to experiencing pain? Personally, I can’t hear over the loud buzzing noises of Pop Rocks in my mouth to find out…and as they say, “no pain, no gain”! Note: Modified on September 19, 2014 The diagram illustrating taste detection of carbonation has been added in the current post. References cited 1. “Why do Pop Rocks pop?” Accessed 23 August 2014. 2. Leon K, Mitchell W (1961) Gasified confection and method of making the same. US Patent No. US3012893 A. Available: Accessed 20 August 2014. 3. Chandrashekar J, Yarmolinsky D, von Buchholtz L, Oka Y, Sly W, et al. (2009) The Taste of Carbonation. Science 326: (5951) 443-445. doi:10.1126/science.1174601. Available: Accessed 25 August 2014. 4. Marziali C (2010) “Sparkling Drinks Spark Pain Circuits”. University of Southern California. Accessed 26 August 2014. 5. “Champagne FAQ’s” Accessed 16 September 2014. 6. “How To Check Tire Pressure” Accessed 16 September 2014. Read more by Eunice Liu
Managing screen time While we are so pleased with how well the children have adapted to Tapestry, SeeSaw and Microsoft Teams for their remote learning, we are very aware that too much screen time for children is not healthy. Tips to help reduce screen time 1. When not in a lesson, encourage the children to take time away from the screen, get up from the desk and perhaps do something physical. 2. Encourage children to use a pencil or pen and paper to write, so that they don't become reliant on typing. 3. Use reference books and printed materials instead of going online, where possible. 4. When children are having downtime, limit their use of screens. 5. No screens for at least an hour before bed. For more advice on remote learning and screen time visit
What your DNA says about you with just a saliva sample and from home Lactose Intolerance Lactose intolerance becomes evident when an organism has a pathologic response to the sugars found in milk and cannot digest the glucose (lactose). The signs and symptoms of lactose intolerance usually begin 30 minutes to two hours after drinking milk or having dairy products (yogurt, cheese, cream, etc.) or other products containing lactose (pastries, ice cream, chocolate). Some of the most characteristic symptoms of lactose intolerance are: stomachache, nausea, diarrhea and gas and its effects vary from person to person in intensity. In only one of the three types of lactose intolerance can this disorder be prevented. This can be done by preventing the mentioned diseases, some of which are also congenital. Patients can improve over time with the proper treatment and diet. Gene or region studied • MCM6 The DNA test you were looking for
As of Sunday, 1,707 Americans had been tested for the coronavirus, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). South Korea, by contrast, has tested more than 189,000 people. The two countries announced their first coronavirus cases on the same day. In the US, test-kit shortages have hampered health authorities’ ability to get a clear sense of how many Americans are infected. Compared to many other countries impacted by the coronavirus, in fact, the US has done the fewest COVID-19 tests per capita. South Korea’s testing total so far, when broken down into number of tests performed per million citizens, seems to be about 700 times higher than the US’. How many people have been tested per capita in 8 countries Skye Gould/Business Insider Because China has not published national data about its coronavirus testing, Guangdong province is used here for purposes of comparison. “The infectious-disease community and the public-health community desire to do much more testing than is currently feasible,” William Schaffner, an infectious-disease specialist at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in Tennessee, told Business Insider on February 26. “Other countries are testing much more broadly than we are,” he added. “We are trotting along while they’re racing along.” It’s likely the US has done more tests than the CDC’s reported figure suggests, since the agency isn’t tallying tests performed at state and private labs in the last week. US Food and Drug Administration commissioner Stephen Hahn said on Friday that the US had actually conducted 5,861 coronavirus tests, CNN reported. That number did not include tests conducted at private and commercial labs, Hahn added. People wear face masks as a precaution against coronavirus in the New York subway, March 3, 2020. Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images But even that higher number of tests per capita would still put the US behind the other seven countries listed above, with 18 tests per million people. Testing influences what we know about the coronavirus’ death rate Without adequate testing, it’s challenging for US public-health officials to grasp the scope of the outbreak’s spread and determine how dangerous it is. More widespread testing could impact the disease’s known death rate, a basic calculation that divides the number of reported deaths by the total number of confirmed cases. The US has one of the highest death rates in the world — about 3.6% as of Monday — but that’s likely because so few mild cases have been counted. Because testing capacity has been limited in the US, the CDC initially held stringent standards for who qualified. Until last week, the agency tested only people who had recent exposure to a confirmed patient, had traveled to a country with an outbreak, or required hospitalization. So the US still probably has not tested or provided diagnoses to some patients with mild cases. Currently, 22 Americans have died out of about 600 cases. A healthcare worker prepares to transport a patient on a stretcher into an ambulance at Life Care Center of Kirkland, Washington on February 29, 2020. David Ryder/Getty Images South Korea, which has the third-highest number of cases outside China, has a death rate iof just o.7% — 50 people have died out of 7,478 cases. However, outbreaks in both countries continue to evolve, and many patients are still hospitalized, so their conditions could change with time. A disease’s death rate is also different from its mortality rate — the latter is the number of deaths out of the number of people in an at-risk population. The death rate is not a reflection of the likelihood that any given person will die if infected. Aria Bendix contributed reporting.
Inchworms ... Inchworms ... Inchworms, like the one seen here with a leaf it's been munching on, are caterpillars belonging to the family Geometridae. The name "Geometridae" comes from Ancient Greek and means "to measure the Earth." This name is derived from the unique way that inchworms move around, almost as though they're taking careful measurements. Unlike many caterpillars, inchworms don't have legs running the entire length of their body; instead, they have several pairs of legs at the front of their body and two or three pairs at their posterior end. To move around, they clasp with their front legs, draw their hind end forward, and then clasp with their hind legs and push the front part of their body forward. When they draw their hind legs up, their body forms a little loop, which gives these caterpillars the common nickname "loopers" (although the cabbage looper and soybean looper caterpillars are not members of the family Geometridae). Geometridae is a huge family of moths with about 23,000 species worldwide and more than 1,400 just in North America! Given the enormous number of species, there's a whole lot of variety when it comes to the adult moths. Some are quite striking, while others are more nondescript. The inchworm caterpillars are pretty much all nondescript, with most being a drab green, gray, or brown color. However, this gives them a great advantage when it comes to camouflage; when threatened, many species will latch onto a twig with their rear legs and "stand" straight up. Nearby predators will think they're just a twig and pass them by! #BenInNature map of Virginia and surrounding areas Please Visit Us Soon Tuesday - Saturday: 10am - 4pm Sunday - Monday: Closed $10 for ages 18-59 Beth Deathrage Hear More arrow
NAT Rules As most system administrators will know Network Address Translation (NAT) is a solution for the shortage of IPv4 addresses. It works by translating addresses between the public addressed Internet and the privatly addressed local networks. Source NAT Most people talking about NAT actually mean Source NAT. Source NAT is the form of NAT where the firewall translates the source ipaddress in a connection initiated by a host with a private ipaddress. In other words: the client on your local network opening a webpage on the internet. In Vuurmuur this is handled by the SNAT action. A SNAT rule is setup like this: snat service http from local.lan to world.inet What does this mean? It basicly says: all connections of type http (webbrowsing) from you local network to the internet will be natted. Simple heh!? Please note: the snat action in Vuurmuur does not create ACCEPT rules in iptables. This means that you have to create ACCEPT rules as well. In the above example this means: accept service http from local.lan to world.inet To not make life to complicated you can use one snat rule with a lot of accept rules, as is shown in this example: accept service http from local.lan to world.inet accept service https from local.lan to world.inet accept service ftp from local.lan to world.inet snat service any from local.lan to world.inet Remember, only traffic that is accepted first will be snatted. So there is no risk in using the service 'any' with snat. For setups with dynamic ipaddresses you can also use the MASQ action. If you use Vuurmuur in a NAT environment, hosts on the internet by default can't reach the machines in the lan behind the firewall. The solution to enable this is called portforwarding. What happens is the following. A client is connecting to a port on the firewalls public ipaddress. The firewall is configured to translate this connection so it is send to a host on your network behind the firewall. To the client this is transparant. To create a portforwarding rule in Vuurmuur you select 'Portfw' as action, and the server as destination. Vuurmuur figures out by itself that the initial connection is made to the firewall itself. Unlike Source NAT, with portfw you don't have to create accept rules! The portfw action takes care of that. portfw service smtp from world.inet to mailserver.local.lan This example will forward all smtp traffic that is send to the public ipaddress of your firewall to the host mailserver.local.lan. Note that there are some limitation to the portforwarding technique. You can only forward a service from a source to one destination. The following WILL NOT work: portfw service smtp from world.inet to mailserver.local.lan portfw service smtp from world.inet to anothermailserver.local.lan In this only case the second rule will be effective. If you run a proxyserver on your firewall you might want to redirect traffic that tries to pass the firewall on port 80 to local port 3128 so the firewall can act as a transparant proxy (see also Transparent Proxy). In this case you can use a rule like: Redirect service http from local.lan to world.inet options redirectport="3128" If you want to redirect connections that come in on the firewall itself, use: Redirect service ssh from local.lan to firewall options redirectport="1022" This way a connection to the firewall on port 22 will be handled by the program on the firewall that listens for connections on port 1022. Note: unlike Source NAT, with redirect you don't have to create accept rules! The redirect action takes care of that. If you use NAT and you have servers on your local network that are publicly accesseble through portfw rules you might have run into the problem that your lan-clients cannot access the server by using its hostname. The problem is that the hostname of the server as the world knows it is connected to your public ipaddress. If you lan client tries to access it the dns lookup will return the public ipaddress and not the lan address. Solving this the right way In essence this is a name resolution problem. When a client from you lan requests the ipaddress of a server in the same lan the dns server ideally should return the lan-ipaddress. Three solutions on the dns levels are possible: 1. Setup the dns server in your lan so that it returns private addresses for the hostnames in question. 2. Setup your dns server in such a way that it will return the local addresses for requests from your lan, but the public ipaddresses for requests from the internet. See for an explanation on how to do this with bind: 3. On all clients manually add the hostname and private ipaddress to /etc/hosts There are numerous reason why all solutions above won't work for you, although they really are the best solutions. For example if the dns server does not support the separation, or you need to quickly replace an existing firewall. However you are strongly adviced to use one of the above solutions over the bounce action. Solving it the wrong way, aka the bounce action The bounce action basically bounces the request from a lan client to its public ipaddress back to the server in the lan (or another lan connected to the firewall). It is essential to keep in mind that this means that all communication between the client and the server go through the firewall! A bounce rule looks like this: bounce service http from local.lan to webserver.local.lan options via_int=”inet-nic” In the option 'via_int' the interface with the external ipaddress needs to be supplied. Note: See TracWiki for help on using the wiki.
Brahma Sutras (Nimbarka commentary) by Roma Bose \| 1940 \| 290,526 words English translation of the Brahma-sutra The story of Matanga, including the commentary of Nimbarka and sub-commentary of Srinivasa known as Vedanta-parijata-saurabha and Vedanta-kaustubha resepctively. Also included are the comparative views of important philosophies, viz., from Shankara, Ramanuja, Shrikantha, Bhaskara and Baladeva. The story of Mātaṅga This appendix was extracted from a footnote belonging to Vedānta-kaustubha verse 2.2.37: “[...] Moreover, it is clearly demonstrated in the Mahābhārata in the story of the Mātaṅga, distressed by the sharp words of a she-ass and so on, that it is very difficult for a man of another caste to obtain Brāhmaṇa-hood even by means of penance accumulated through thousands of years. [...]” The story of Mātaṅga and the she-ass is as follows: Once Mātaṅga, who was endowed with all qualities and equal to a Brāhmaṇa by all means, while travelling on a swift chariot drawn by a young ass and its mother, mercilessly pierced the young ass in the nose again and again. Thereupon its mother, being much grieved, said to him that such an act certainly behoved a person who was born of a Brāhmaṇa mother and a Gaṇḍāla father, but had he been the son of a Brāhmaṇa father his act would have been otherwise. Much aggrieved at this painful information, Mātaṅga determined to attain Brāhmaṇa-hood, left home immediately and engaged himself in a severe penance. Therefore Indra being pleased personally appeared before him to offer him a boon. Mātaṅga asked for Brāhmaṇa-hood, which however, Indra declined to grant by reason of the fact that he was the son of a Caṇḍāla. In spite of Indra’s straight denial, Mātaṅga went on performing austereties for a hundred years, standing on one leg only. Very much pleased, Indra appeared once again only to go back after saying that it was impossible for a Gaṇḍāla to acquire Brāhmaṇa-hood, and that Mātaṅga was most unwise to undergo penance for it. This time Mātaṅga went on performing penance for a thousand years in the same way. Disappointed once more, he performed the severest penance by standing on one finger only. But in spite of this he was never able to attain his heart’s desire, simply because he was a Caṇḍāla by birth. Vide, Mahābhārata (Asiatic Society edition) 13.1870 ff., pp. 85 ff., vol. 4. Like what you read? Consider supporting this website:
(855) 778-6444 A study performed in collaboration between Boston University School of Medicine and the University of Cambridge in the UK was recently published in the online version of the journal Neuropsychopharmacology, and this study shows that there may be a link between food addiction and impulsive behavior. A number of research studies have shown that healthy people tend to be less impulsive in general, but it is not certain whether the food addiction or other eating disorder causes the impulse problems or if it is a result of impulsive behavior instead. BUSM pharmacology and psychiatry associate professor Pietro Cottone, PhD, who also happens to be the co-director of the Laboratory of Addictive Disorders, explained. “While impulsivity might have aided ancestors to choose calorie-rich foods when food was scarce, our study results suggest that, in today’s calorie-rich environment, impulsivity promotes pathological overeating.” Food addiction is a growing problem across the world, and impulsive behavior is also becoming a common trend as well. When you have poor impulse control you are more likely to give in, and this includes where food is concerned. The reward center of the brain is stimulated by the food consumption when you suffer from a food addiction, the same way that someone who is addicted to heroin gets high when using the drug. Eating makes the individual feel good, and they may have difficulty regulating their food intake as a result. Further studies may help identify the causes of the link more clearly.
Jan 18, 2022 2019-2020 Undergraduate Catalog 2019-2020 Undergraduate Catalog [ARCHIVED CATALOG] CAPS 211 - Cultural Links to Biodiversity Course can be counted for credit once This course investigates relationships between human cultures and the natural world. Linkages between the two are increasingly seen as keys to sustainable development and addressing world issues such as poverty and food supply. Over time, man’s relationship with nature has changed, especially as technology plays a greater role in our lives, and globalization begins to homogenize cultural views. Emerging areas of study focus on the links between culture and biodiversity. Definitions of culture reflect this connection by including the co-evolution of the natural environment and the shared systems of beliefs, values, norms, artifacts and institutions that commonly are part of the definition of culture. By exploring our changing cultural attitude towards nature through the built environment, agriculture, transportation, tourism, and the economy, the importance of cultural as well as biological diversity will be established.
The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons: old wine, new bottle? The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons officially entered into force on 22 January 2021, prompting public applause by organisations such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and a countdown celebration by The International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN). Having attracted this much attention, the question of how far the Treaty actually goes and whether such celebrations are warranted is imperative to assessing its value. In this article, I argue that, while the Treaty deserves recognition for its achievements, it is questionable whether the Treaty actually amounts to much in terms of complete disarmament. Cause for celebration For starters, the Treaty trumps its predecessor nuclear weapons treaties in that it is the first international legal instrument that prohibits the use, development, production, stockpiling, and testing of nuclear weapons (Article 1(1)(a)). It unequivocally states that nuclear weapons must never be deployed, tested, produced, manufactured, otherwise acquired, possessed, or stockpiled ‘under any circumstances, stressing that their prohibition is the only way to guarantee complete elimination. This marks an unprecedented step towards the complete removal of nuclear weapons. The Treaty acts further by prohibiting not only the ‘use or threat’ of nuclear weapons but also assistance, encouragement, inducement, transfer, and receipt of nuclear weapons—a comprehensive step that seeks to universally eliminate these weapons. Article 12 of the Treaty also promotes universal ratification by providing that “Each State Party shall encourage States not party to this Treaty to sign, ratify, accept, approve or accede to the Treaty, with the goal of universal adherence of all States to the Treaty”—something that has not been expressly included in previously-concluded nuclear weapons treaties. Moreover, the new Treaty leaves no room for vague interpretations when it comes to nuclear disarmament, unlike its predecessor. The predecessor Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) requires States to pursue negotiations in good faith leading to complete nuclear disarmament under Article VI. The Security Council likewise has pushed for the negotiation in good faith of treaties for nuclear weapons elimination in resolutions 984 and 1887. This good faith obligation has been disregarded by nuclear-weapon states. The 2016 Judgment on the Obligations concerning Negotiations relating to Cessation of the Nuclear Arms Race and to Nuclear Disarmament (the Marshall Islands v. the United Kingdom) by the ICJ reveals just how poorly this obligation has been fulfilled. Although the Court could not proceed in its judgment for lack of jurisdiction, the (near-)tied votes between the judges’ ruling on jurisdiction (para. 59(1)) presents a small win in recognising the Marshall Islands’ claim. Likewise, the Court’s recognition of its 1996 Nuclear Weapons Advisory Opinion reaffirms that “there exists an obligation to pursue in good faith and bring to a conclusion negotiations leading to nuclear disarmament in all its aspects under strict and effective international control” (para. 21). Moreover, the controversy behind Article VI and whether it creates an obligation to conclude negotiations (obligation of result) or merely attempt to do so is relieved by the new Treaty which brings to life the Article VI obligation by prohibiting nuclear weapons and their related activities for State Parties. The Treaty remedies what its predecessor has failed to do. The NPT was developed to limit ‘rogue’ states from developing and proliferating nuclear weapons by creating a compromise. Nuclear weapon states would promise not to use their nuclear weapons against other states if non-nuclear weapons states agreed not to develop or proliferate nuclear weapons themselves. This double standard has undermined negotiation efforts on the complete elimination of nuclear weapons. For example, Jaswant Singh, a Member of Parliament to the Bharatiya Janata Party and Senior Adviser on Defense and Foreign Affairs to Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee has publicly criticised this nuclear apartheid and unfair security leverage: “if the Permanent Five continue to employ nuclear weapons as an international currency of force and power, why should India voluntarily devalue its own state power and national security?”(page 43). By creating this dichotomy of nuclear and non-nuclear-weapon states, the NPT undermines efforts of disarmament and international security. The new prohibition instead removes this divide and preferential treatment by requiring all State Parties to refrain from acquiring nuclear weapons. By placing all states on an equal footing, the Treaty expresses the unequivocal need to eliminate nuclear weapons in order to ensure true collective security and a ‘nuclear-weapon-free world.’ The Treaty’s adoption and entry into force act as a reminder of the importance of the efforts of non-state and civil society actors campaigning for change. For example, it was the relentless campaigning by civil society actors against blinding lasers and anti-personnel landmines that influenced public debate which eventually led to the ban on such weapons. The nuclear prohibition likewise was advocated for by the ICAN and the ICRC individually, and at intergovernmental conferences such as the Second Conference on the Humanitarian Impact of Nuclear Weapons. Furthermore, the new Treaty overcomes some of the mixed signals eschewed by the ICJ’s more than confusing Advisory Opinion on the legality of nuclear weapons. The ICJ’s recognition of the Lotus principle finds that in the absence of a prohibitive rule in international law, States are free to act as they wish (para. 21). The ICJ determined that since there is no customary or conventional international law allowing “any specific authorization” nor “any comprehensive and universal prohibition” of the use or threat of nuclear weapons (para. 105(2)), the possibility of the threat or use of nuclear weapons was left open in the “extreme circumstance of self-defence.” The new Treaty surmounts this vague exception by creating an outright prohibition for the first time, meaning that State Parties may no longer evade the legality question even in the extreme case of self-defence. Why we shouldn’t celebrate However, the Treaty shouldn’t be celebrated just yet. For starters, the nine nuclear weapon states themselves have not ratified or signed the Treaty. The Treaty is largely ratified by the Global South and small island states who are disproportionately affected by nuclear testing conducted by the nuclear powers. So, while the Treaty presents two steps forward, it also goes one step back in that it doesn’t resolve the issue of nuclear weapon states maintaining leverage over the international community. Indeed, the US has exerted public pressure by calling out states who have signed the treaty and calling their decision “a strategic error” in an open letter. Perhaps the fact that the US feels threatened by this Treaty coming into force should be celebrated as evidence of victory. Still, the Treaty cannot be seen as an end itself, but rather a means to an end. With nuclear weapons states refusing to sign the Treaty nor accept its potential to develop into customary international law in the future, the Treaty doesn’t seem to change the nuclear landscape very much since the very States that possess nuclear weapons are not interested in elimination. Nor will pressure by the State Parties to the new Treaty be solid enough to discourage nuclear weapon states from operating. This is because nuclear weapons, unlike landmines and blinding lasers, have the capacity to annihilate a significantly large number of people, have centuries-long effects like long-term radiation and environmental contamination, and operate as significant deterrents by virtue of their mere possession. Therefore, while other arms prohibitions have led to universal elimination, as was the case with the 1925 Geneva Protocol which preceded the Chemical Weapons Convention, nuclear weapons present a unique challenge to absolute prohibition because of the perceived need for deterrence from a national security point of view outweighs public pressure by civil society actors or States. The Treaty’s plan to prohibit and eliminate State Parties’ nuclear weapons by requiring their immediate removal from operational status and further destruction “as soon as possible” (Article 4(2)) is progressive. However, with major powers already reluctant to prohibit, let alone eliminate existing nuclear weapons, the Treaty’s ambitious goals fail to redress the inequality that was born out of the Cold War power distribution. If anything, it makes the inequality more apparent since States disproportionately affected by nuclear explosions have willingly committed themselves to nuclear elimination while nuclear weapons states continue resisting efforts. There is no doubt that the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons represents a valuable step forward in the fight against nuclear proliferation and armament by making clear its intention of complete nuclear prohibition. That being said, the absence of meaningful participation by powerful nuclear weapon states in the Treaty highlights its futility, for the very States who have influence over nuclear decisions are not bound by any prohibitive rule, nor are there any signs suggesting that this become customary international law, given the outright rejection of the Treaty by those very states. For this reason, until the Treaty is ratified by the influential nuclear states, it remains old wine in a new bottle. Layal Alghoozi is a graduate of the University of Glasgow. Leave a Reply
Saarloos Wolfdog History, Personality, Appearance, Health and Pictures Saarloos Wolfdog The Dutch geneticist Leendert Saarloos began to cross German Shepherd Dogs with wolves just after World War II to create what he thought would be a sounder variety of the German Shepherd. The Czechoslovakian Wolfdog also comes from crosses of German Shepherds and wolves. The last infusion with wolf is said to have taken place in 1966 and the resulting, the more elegant Saarloos breed, was recognized in 1975. It looks very much like the Nordic Wolf and is mainly kept as a guard and companion dog. It is known to be reserved toward strangers. Sometimes called the Saarloos Wolfhound, the Dutch Wolfdog or the European Wolfdog, this breed takes its name from its creator, the Dutchman Leendert Saarloos (1884—1969). This remarkable animal was the creation of a Dutch breeder who had become critical of the state of modern domestic dogs. He felt that, through centuries of selective breeding, they had lost their true canine nature and had become "degenerate". He decided to put back some of the wild, ancestral, lupine personality by arranging matings between the domestic dog and the wolf. Saarloos started his experiments in the interwar period — the 1920s and 1930s — and was soon completely obsessed with his unusual project. The starting point of the Saarloos Wolfdog was a cross he made between a male German Shepherd Dog and a female wolf. Back-crossing with the sire created a group of quarter-wolves. He started to train these as working dogs, but met with little success. What he had overlooked was that the main difference between the wolf and the dog is that the wolf (against all popular beliefs) is an extremely shy animal. It is this acute shyness that 12,000 years of domestication has bred out of the modern dog. To his dismay, he found that they were useless as a working dog, because they were too cautious; useless as a guard dog because they refused to attack; useless as a watchdog because they were reluctant to bark; useless as a guide dog for the blind because they withdrew the moment there was any sign of trouble; and useless for dog trials, because they were strong-willed and resisted the ordinary training methods. This was not the result he had hoped for, but they were majestic animals nonetheless and he persevered. In 1963 he introduced new wolf blood, crossing one of his wolf-dogs with a female wolf. In 1969 Saarloos died, and in the years that followed, the Saarloos Wolfdog breed went into a rapid decline, with too little control over breeding programmes. In 1975, Dutch canine authorities stepped in and saved the breed. Up to this point it had been known as the European Wolfdog, but now they renamed it the Saarloos Wolfdog, in honour of its creator, and gave it official recognition. In personality the Saarloos Wolfdogs proved to be attentive, careful dogs, timid with strangers and cautious of novelty. Consistent with being in part developed from the wolf, the Saarloos Wolfhond possesses a strong pack instinct. Most owners of the Saarloos have two or more dogs in order to create a “pack” environment for their pets. The height at the withers should be about 24-29 1/2 inches/60-75 cm. In general appearance, the Saarloos wolfdog should resemble the wolf in shape, coat and coloring, except that a light liver brown color is also accepted. Some people say that this exception is an indication that the Siberian Husky may have had a part in the creation of the breed. Care and Exercise The coat needs brushing only once a week. The Saarloos Wolfdog requires a lot of exercise, ideally away from other people and dogs. Puppies and Training A litter usually numbers four to eight puppies that require intensive early training to get them used to people and domestication. Gallery of Saarloos Wolfdog
Tuesday, August 11, 2009 [Science SPM] Balance In Nature Source: ADaP Which of the following processes will increase the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere? A. Burning B. Respiration C. Photosynthesis D. Decomposition 2. Which of the following statement is correct? I. Habitat is the natural place where an organism lives. II. A population is a group of individuals of different species. III. An ecosystem is a natural system consisting of living organism interacting with each other and with the non-living components to form a stable environment. A. I and II B. I and III C. II and III D. I, II and III 3. Which of the following are natural cycles found in the atmosphere? I. Water cycle II. Nitrogen cycle III. Carbon cycle IV. Carbohydrate cycle A. I and II only B. II and III only C. I, II and III. D. I, II, III and IV 4. The nitrogen cycle will maintain the percentage of nitrogen in atmosphere at A. 0.04% B. 16% C. 21% D. 78% 5. The high percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will cause I. global warming. II. the decrease in the Earth's temperature. III. the change in the Earth's temperature. A. I and II B. I and III C. II and III D. I, II, and III 6. Denitrifying bacteria converts A. nitrates to nitrogen. B. nitrites to nitrates. C. nitrogen to nitrates. D. nitrates to ammonium compound. 7. The source of energy for all food chains comes from the A. producer. B. sunlight. C. primary consumer. D. secondary consumer. 8. Eutrophication is caused by A. disposal of rubbish into the sea. B. the disposal of hot water into the sea. C. the flow of sewage into the rivers and the sea. D. the flow of chemical fertilisers into the ponds and rivers. 9. What is the function of ozone layer? A. To maintain the earth's temperature. B. To increase the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere. C. To filter the ultra violet rays from the sun. D. To trap the heat from the sun. 10. All of the following are the effects of uncontrolled logging except A. the decrease in air temperature. B. soil erosion and flash floods. C. destruction of habitats. D. extinction of species. 11. Which of the following organisms is used in biotechnological methods to process factory wastes such as palm oil bunch to methane gas? A. Virus B. Fungi C. Bacteria D. Protozoa 12. Which of the following pollution is associated with motor vehicles and engines? I. Noise pollution II. Air pollution III. Thermal pollution A. I and II B. I and III C. II and III D. I, II and III 13. Waste products from agricultural activities that can pollute the environment include I. animal faeces II. chemical fertilisers III. pesticides A. I and II B. I and III C. II and III D. I, II and III 14. The following gases can form acid rain except A. nitrogen oxide B. hydrogen oxide C. sulphur dioxide D. carbon monoxide 1. Figure 1 shows the water cycle that occurs in nature. (a) Name processes P, Q, R and S. P : Evaporation Q : Respiration R : Transpiration S : Burning What is phenomenon X? • Rain (ii) Name 2 processes that are involved in the formation of X. 1. evaporation 2. condensation No comments: Post a Comment Nota Terkini
Main Page \| See live article \| Alphabetical index February 28 Incident The 228 Incident (二二八事件) or 228 Massacre was an uprising in Taiwan that began on February 28, 1947. Taiwan had been returned to the jurisdiction of the Republic of China from Japan two years earlier and tensions between the local Taiwanese and the new arrivals from the Mainland had increased in the intervening years. A dispute in February 27 1947 in Taipei between a female street cigarette vendor and an anti-smuggling officer triggered a civil disorder which was put down brutally and with large loss of civilian life by the Republic of China army. Table of contents 1 Taiwan under Japanese jurisdiction 2 Tension between locals and mainlanders 3 Timeline of the February 28 Incident 4 External Links Taiwan under Japanese jurisdiction As settlement for losing the Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895), Imperial Qing China ceded the entire island of Taiwan to Japan in 1895. Despite sporadic resistences fiercely suppressed by Japanese authorities, Japanese rule in Taiwan was much more humane and less oppressive than in Korea or mainland China. Taiwanese perceptions of the Japanese colonial era are significantly more favorable than perceptions other parts of East Asia, partly because during its 50 years (1895-1945) of colonial rule Japan expended considerable effort in developing Taiwan's economy and raised the standard of living for most Taiwanese citizens to levels far higher than other places in Asia. Family members of the elite were respected. By 1905 the island had electric power. At the same time, Japanese rule led to a three stage process of colonization of the island, which began as an oppressive paternalistic approach, then a "doka" policy was instituted in which the Japanese considered the Taiwanese to be separate but equal, and the final stage being "kominka", a policy which readied Taiwanese to fight for the emperor. The "kominka" period hoped to teach the Taiwanese the "Japanese Spirit", including compulsory Japanese education and forcing residents of Taiwan to adopt Japanese names. The later period of Japanese rule saw a local elite educated and organized. During the 1930s several home rule groups were promoted as the Taiwanese developed a "Taiwan Consciousness" in contrast to the Japanese and Chinese. Taiwanese eventually pushed for entry into the Japanese Diet. Some Taiwanese youngsters were drafted into the Imperial Japanese Army to fight in Mainland China, the island of Hainan and Southeast Asia. Nevertheless Japanese colonial approaches distanced the Taiwanese locals from their former mainland counterparts. Many locals were educated poorly in Chinese literacy, some even incompetent in daily communication of the Chinese language. Education in "Japanese spirits" furthered the discrepancy. Consequently the younger generations born during Japanese colonial rule were more neutral and even sympathetic or protagonistic towards Japan whilst most elder populace of Taiwanese locals celebrated the return of Chinese jurisdiction after World War II. Several nationalistic or anti-Japanese families have moved to the mainland including Lien Heng, the grandfather of Lien Chan, mainly to preserve their Chinese identities. Tension between locals and mainlanders Chen Yi, the Chief Executive of Taiwan, arrived on October 24 1945 and received the last Japanese governor Ando Rikichi who signed the document of surrender on the next day. After Japan's surrender in World War II, Nationalist rule began in October 1945 after the end of World War II. During the immediate postwar period, the Nationalist Chinese Kuomintang (KMT) administration on Taiwan was repressive and corrupt, leading to local discontent. Anti-mainlander violence flared on February 28, 1947, prompted by an incident in which a cigarette seller was injured and a passerby was shot to death by Nationalist authorities. For several weeks after the February 28 Incident the rebels held control of much of the island. Feigning negotiation the Nationalists assembled a large military force (carried on United States naval vessels) that attacked Taiwan massacring nearly 30,000 Taiwanese and imprisoning thousands of others. The killings were both random and premeditated as local elites or educated Taiwanese were sought out and disposed of. Many of the Taiwanese who had formed home rule groups under the Japanese were the victims of 228. This was followed by the "White Terror" in which many thousands of Taiwanese were imprisoned or executed for their real or perceived opposition to the Kuomintang military regime, leaving many native Taiwanese with a deep-seated bitterness to the mainlanders. Timeline of the February 28 Incident February 27 2pm: the dispute February 28: civilians mobbed around the office of chief executive (in front of the rail station) where the securities opened fire at the crowd. February 28 - early March: mobs controlled Taipei, Keelung, Kaohsiung, Hsinchu, Taichung and Chiayi. March 2: ROC troops were sent from mainland and wrested the control of the cities though bloody suppression in the following days. March 17: Pai Chung-hsi, the defense minister of ROC arrived. March 21: suppression continued in countryside April 17: a census was conducted April 22: Government of Taiwan Province was established in place of the Office of Chief Executive and Chen Yi was recalled to mainland. Martial law was declared and lasted until 1987. "White Terror" begins. External Links
Tag Archives: War 2 Atrocities To Remember From WWII Everyone has heard of the atrocities of WWII as there were countless. These were committed by both sides whether it was the Axis powers or the Allied powers. No war tore the world apart like WWII and the human rights violations and war crimes that were committed were unlike any other war. It seemed like both sides of the war realized the way it could change the world and pulled no punches during any part of the war. With all of this being said, there are things that regardless of the implications of the war that should never be committed. This will highlight specific cases where the line was crossed no matter who had committed the war crime or atrocity. Comfort Women Japanese comfort women were instituted during WWII and there use was appalling to say the least. Comfort women were forced into prostitution to keep the Japanese soldiers’ morale up. This was also to quell any dissension that was going on throughout the ranks. These women were kidnapped from Japanese occupied territories. There was also deception used when promises of jobs turned into the women being taken to the comfort stations. Government forced sexual slavery for any reason is not acceptable. Nearly 75 percent of these women had died during their service at the comfort stations. Women who refused to take part in this were severely beaten and others who still refused were executed without hesitation. The people who ran these brothels used intimidation to keep the women in line. This is an atrocity in which no person can say this was justified in any way. Of course the numbers of women is contrasted depending on who is telling the story. The Japanese government estimates much lower numbers than other sources which is expected. Regardless if the number was 10 women, it was still wrong and something that should have reparations paid if the victims are still alive. Biscari Massacre Many people tend to think that only the Axis powers during the war committed war crimes. The US military were responsible of some war crimes during WWII. The Biscari Massacre was the slaughter and execution of German and Italian soldiers who were prisoners of war and more importantly unarmed. General George Patton was in charge of the division of soldiers on the American side that committed this crime. Patton in his diary when asked about the atrocity wrote “I told Bradley that it was probably an exaggeration, but in any case to tell the Officer to certify that the dead men were snipers or had attempted to escape or something, as it would make a stink in the press and also would make the civilians mad. Anyhow, they are dead, so nothing can be done about it.” This showed that he was neither sorry or had any intention of facing the consequences for this slaughter. Many people do not hear about these things as the victor of the war writes the history books. Imagining what happened on both sides that nobody will ever here about makes this writer shutter. As you can see, both sides committed atrocities that should have never happened. Forced sexual slavery and the slaughter of prisoners are grave things that should have been punished but sadly were not punished appropriately. The punishment is spreading awareness of these awful things that happened. Gaza Conflict Reaches Critical Phase As Humanitarian Crisis Looms bombed out buildings in Gaza bombed out buildings in Gaza The conflict in Gaza has begun to take on a troubling complexion in recent days, as it has been revealed that more than one child has been killed per hour on average over a 72 hour period during this past week. To date, the official Palestinian death toll since this conflict began now stands at 718, but Valerie Amos, who is the Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs says that the most distressing concern for her agency at this time has been the alarming incidences where children have been maimed or killed in the ongoing military operation. Her agency, The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, has reported that the recent shelling has damaged six UN operated schools earlier this week where evacuees from bombed neighborhoods had been taking shelter. Schooling had been interrupted as a result of the fighting forcing people from their homes to seek safe harbor in these UN run educational institutions, which will soon enter its third week. In the 77 schools that continue to care for and shelter homeless residents, food and water have begun to run short, as supply lines have been severed and markets have been shuttered due to the ongoing military operation. Gazans are limited in their options of where they can go, as 44% of the territory has been declared off-limits, compressing the civilian population in one of the most densely populated places on Earth into an even smaller area. While the target of this operation by the IDF (Israeli Defense Force) have been the militants of Hamas, the sad reality is that the majority of victims in this campaign have been women and children. An example of this tragic toll played itself out during an Israeli airstrike on Thursday morning, as a bombardment on the Jebaliya refugee camp killed six members of an extended family, including an 18 month old infant. Charities and foreign diplomats have been calling for a ceasefire to allow badly needed medical supplies, food, water and aid workers into the territory to help those that desperately require assistance. While Hamas opposes a formal ceasefire that doesn’t include the unsealing of its land and maritime borders, they are said to be amenable to a pause that would allow humanitarian aid into Gaza. Since July 8, Hamas has used the Gaza Strip as a launching pad to fire more than 2,000 missiles into Israel, with thirty tunnels also being discovered by the military along its borders, passages that had been dug to alledgedly wage ground attacks within Israel by Hamas militants. Ever since, Israel has conducted an air campaign, and recently, a ground offensive to counter these threats, but as the past few days have shown, this defensive counterattack has not come about without the horrible reality of collateral damage. Nonetheless, Prime Minster Benjamin Netanyahu has remained firm in his resolve, as he repeated his desired objective, “to return peace and quiet to Israel”. While time will tell whether he is successful in his endeavor, the civilians of Gaza have taken the brunt of the causalities in this conflict to date, a fact that hasn’t changed in the past week of fighting.
Frequent question: Why did Jesus heal the blind in different ways? What are the different ways Jesus healed people? Gallery of miracles • Healing the mother of Peter’s wife. • Healing the deaf mute of Decapolis. • Healing the blind at birth. • Healing the Paralytic at Bethesda. • The Blind Man of Bethsaida. • The Blind man Bartimaeus in Jericho. • Healing the Centurion’s servant. • Christ healing an infirm woman. Why did Jesus heal blind? According to Mark’s account, when Jesus came to Bethsaida, a town in Galilee, he was asked to heal a blind man. … Bede argues that “by this miracle, Christ teaches us how great is the spiritual blindness of man, which only by degrees, and by successive stages, can come to the light of Divine knowledge”. How many times did Jesus heal the blind? Jesus’ ocular miracles are identified in three incidents. According to the New Testament, Jesus cured blind men in Jericho, Bethsaida and Siloam. These events are described below and discussed thereafter. INTERESTING: How many days was Jesus in Jerusalem before he was crucified? What are the two reasons that Jesus heals? State five reasons why Jesus healed the sick • To demonstrate God’s love for human beings. • To take away their pain/ suffering. • People believed in his healing power/ people had faith in him. • To show that physical healing sometimes symbolized spiritual healing. • As a way of destroying the work of Satan. What was Jesus first healing? The paralytic lowered through the roof is first healed of his sins (Mark 2:5), while the man by the pool at Bethesda is warned, “Give up your sins so that something worse may not overtake you” (John 5:24). It is important to note that in Jesus’ healings death was not excluded. How many healing miracles did Jesus perform? 37 Miracles of Jesus in Chronological Order 37 Miracles of Jesus 9 Jesus heals a paralytic who was let down from the roof 9:1-8 10 Jesus heals a man’s withered hand on the Sabbath 12:9-14 11 Jesus raises a widow’s son from the dead in Nain 12 Jesus calms a storm on the sea 8:23-27 What can we learn from Jesus healing the blind man? When Jesus healed the man born blind, he spat on the ground and made a kind of clay that he put on the blind man’s eyes. … Jesus said that neither the blind man nor his parents had sinned. The purpose of the blindness was that “the works of God should be revealed in him,” (John 9:3). Did Jesus heal multiple blind men? Jesus healing two blind men is a miracle attributed to Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew. It follows immediately on the account of the Daughter of Jairus. INTERESTING: Can a baby sin? What are the 7 miracles Jesus performed? Seven Signs • Feeding the 5000 in John 6:5-14. What did Jesus say about the eyes? Does Jesus still heal? Jesus does still heal today. But, the foundation for the extraordinary level of miraculous healing that we read about in the New Testament is laid down in the Old Testament. There are phrases that support it such as in Psalm 103:2-3 (NIV): What does the Bible says about healing? What is the name of the god of healing? “Jesus stated, ‘I am willing, be healed! ‘ This statement emphatically declares that healing is the will of God, Jehovah-Rapha is His name.
How do cancer treatments affect mitosis? The cell cycle goes from the resting phase, through active growing phases, and then to mitosis (division). The ability of chemotherapy to kill cancer cells depends on its ability to halt cell division. Usually, cancer drugs work by damaging the RNA or DNA that tells the cell how to copy itself in division. Medicines that are used to treat cancer are sometimes aimed at killing cells that are rapidly dividing by mitosis. They inhibit the synthesis or function of DNA – this type of treatment is called chemotherapy. What does cancer drugs play in interrupting mitosis of cancer cells? These drugs disrupt microtubules, which are structures that pull the chromosomes apart when a cell divides. Mitotic inhibitors are used in cancer treatment, because cancer cells are able to grow and eventually spread through the body (metastasize) through continuous mitotic division. Disrupted passage through mitosis often leads to chromosome missegregation and the production of aneuploid progeny. Aneuploidy has long been recognized as a frequent characteristic of cancer cells and a possible cause of tumorigenesis. What kills cancer cells in the body? According to a team of researchers from the University of Washington, artemesinin, a derivative of the wormwood plant that is commonly used in Chinese medicine, can kill 12,000 cancer cells for every healthy cell. And, it can do so – here’s the best part – without harming normal cells! THIS IS INTERESTING: Question: What services are available for my autistic child? How many rounds of chemo is normal? What can stop mitosis? A mitotic inhibitor is a drug that inhibits mitosis, or cell division. These drugs disrupt microtubules, which are structures that pull the chromosomes apart when a cell divides. What happens when mitosis goes wrong? All about hereditary diseases
Response Schema The response for a request contains the following information. data: {}, // `status` is the HTTP status code from the server response status: 200, // `statusText` is the HTTP status message from the server response statusText: 'OK', // `headers` the HTTP headers that the server responded with // All header names are lower cased and can be accessed using the bracket notation. // Example: `response.headers['content-type']` headers: {}, // `config` is the config that was provided to `axios` for the request config: {}, // `request` is the request that generated this response // It is the last ClientRequest instance in node.js (in redirects) // and an XMLHttpRequest instance in the browser request: {} When using then, you will receive the response as follows: .then(function (response) { When using catch, or passing a rejection callback as second parameter of then, the response will be available through the error object as explained in the Handling Errors section.
You are currently viewing Complete Guide on Security in Excel Complete Guide on Security in Excel • Post author: • Post category:Excel Tips Security in Excel: Microsoft has always tried their best to see that their software is reliable and secure enough. Integrity is one of the core principles of Computer security. Data integrity involves ensuring that data or information remains accurate and relevant to those whom it may concern. This can be achieved by restricting unauthorized editing of a worksheet and especially in cases where the information may be edited before reaching the intended receiver. For anyone to make edits in such a scenario, one would have to input a valid password. This is thus one of the key steps that Excel has taken to ensure data security. Some of the security mechanisms include: Password security: When creating a password, the following guidelines might help: 1. Avoid using your name, date/year of birth as passwords. 2. A strong password should be eight characters long or more. 3. Always include a combination of uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and Symbols. 4. Avoid disclosing your password even to friends unless when necessary. It is always good to create new passwords each time. 5. Do not forget, passwords are case sensitive. Workbook security We can add a password to our workbook such that only those with a password can open, edit and save changes to a workbook. To add password protection onto a workbook: NB: it is good to always have a backup copy of your Excel documents in a different before or when setting its password. Forgetting the password would mean you cannot open your document anymore. Also, note that this security feature only restricts others without a password from uncontrollably editing but does not guarantee maximum security against those with malicious intentions. Protecting worksheet. Protecting a worksheet does not necessarily mean restricting access by others. 1. Have a backup of your Original Excel document. You can copy and paste it in another file location before starting working on it. 2. Select the Review tab from Excel's Ribbon. 3. Under the changes group, select the protect sheet. 4. A Dialog that accepts a password pops up. Type in your password. 5. Confirm your password by re-typing the password in the second Dialog. Protecting your workbook: Additional security for your worksheet: 1. Click the review tab again. 2. Select protect workbook. A protect structure and windows dialog appears. 3. Type in your password and check the structure option in the dialog. 4. Press the OK button. 5. Retype password to confirm. Request password to Open workbook: 1. Open your workbook that we set some security features. 2. Navigate to the File tab. 3. Click on Save as an option and browse a location. 4. A Dialog with saving as options will be displayed. 5. Click on tools and select general options. 6. Insert and confirm your password in the two dialogs that will pop up. Your password should be strong but easy to remember. 7. Click save and select Yes to replace the document. 8. Close the workbook. 9. Open the secured workbook, note that you must enter the password to proceed. If you forget your password it can be a bit challenging when it comes to opening your Excel document. A backup would do wonders at such a time.
Quick Answer: What Is Righteous Anger According To The Bible? What is the difference between righteous anger and anger? Righteous anger seeks restoration, but unrighteous anger seeks destruction. Jesus wanted to restore God’s temple to its original purpose – to be a house of prayer, not robbery. Is righteous indignation a good thing? Righteous indignation is considered a positive thing when someone with this type of anger is on the right side. Or when someone feels an adrenaline rush when thinking about a situation that is not morally fair or right. He used his reactive emotion of Anger for a productive purpose and used it wisely. What is righteous and unrighteous? is that righteousness is (uncountable) the quality or state of being righteous; holiness; purity; uprightness; rectitude righteousness, as used in scripture and theology, in which it chiefly occurs, is nearly equivalent to holiness, comprehending holy principles and affections of heart, and conformity of life to the What is the opposite of righteous anger? righteousadjective. morally justified. “righteous indignation” Antonyms: immoral, sinful, unholy, unrighteous, wicked. What does Scripture say about an angry man? “Make no friendship with a man given to anger, nor go with a wrathful man.” ” A man of wrath stirs up strife, and one given to anger causes much transgression. ” You might be interested: FAQ: How Should A Woman Love A Woman According To The Bible? What is an example of righteous indignation? Righteous indignation is typically a reactive emotion of anger over perceived mistreatment, insult, or malice of another. In some Christian doctrines, righteous anger is considered the only form of anger which is not sinful, e.g., when Jesus drove the money lenders out of the temple (Matthew 21). Is anger a sin according to the Bible? Anger itself is not a sin, but the strong emotion, unrestrained, can lead very quickly to sin. As God said to Cain, “It’s desire is for you, but you must rule over it” (Genesis 4:7). What is self righteous behavior? : having or showing the attitude of someone who strongly believes in the rightness of his or her own actions or opinions. Other Words from self-righteous. Is it wrong to be righteous? Self -righteousness is dangerous and damaging to our relationships, our teams, and our ability to communicate and collaborate. Removing our self-righteousness is a challenging but important thing for us to do as leaders, people, and those who want to positively influence and impact others. What makes a person unrighteous? not righteous; not upright or virtuous; wicked; sinful; evil: an unrighteous king. not in accordance with right or justice; unfair or unjust: an unrighteous law. Can a sinner be righteous? So, how can we sinners be counted righteous and acceptable to God and escape His just punishment for our sins? It’s not by works of the law because we, like all others, fail and come short of what God demands. It’s not by a supposed righteousness imputed to all sinners apart from and before faith, as some teach. You might be interested: Readers ask: What Does The Bible Mean According To His Will? Does God get angry? So while God is not human, he does get angry. And he has good reason for reacting to human behavior with anger. In fact, God wouldn’t be good if he didn’t have strong reactions to evil and injustice. Divine anger is not the exact thing as human anger. What are two synonyms for righteous? • conscientious. • ethical. • honorable. • noble. • pure. • spiritual. • upright. • virtuous. Leave a Reply
Technology has made crime a global enterprise allowing groups to communicate and coordinate activities with ease. It has also opened a potentially larger pool of victims by extending the reach of criminal groups to beyond their geographic area. Although drug trafficking remains the most lucrative of criminal ventures, with 2017 estimates of $320 billion* in revenue, organized crime has used technology to further their ventures into other areas such as human trafficking. World Finance estimates that 21 million people* were victims of human trafficking in 2017. Although the economic impact cannot be accurately assessed, the social impact of human trafficking is immeasurable with victims being exploited simply for their desire for a better life for them and their families. Complex crime types such as human trafficking require the coordinated efforts of multiple groups using communication tools and technology to not only recruit potential victims but to manage their movements across borders. With over 5000 international crime groups from over 180 nationalities, Law Enforcement is pushed to the limit in their efforts to battle this type of organized criminal activity. Law Enforcement needs the right technology in the hands of the right people to stop organized criminal efforts and prevent more people from becoming victims. When you consider that a single mobile phone can contain up to 8 terra bytes of data, investigators cannot keep up with the flood of digital data that may be associated with an investigation. The technology needed to fight crime is one that delivers not only access but automates the analysis of digital data to accelerate the time to evidence and deliver actionable data that can be used to expedite the resolution of investigations. Digital information is everywhere and the days of manually sifting through the data to find the critical piece of evidence is in the past, big data solutions are used extensively in the private sector and need to be employed by Law Enforcement to match the technological expertise of criminals. But technology alone is not enough, just as organized crime has coordinated their efforts, so must law enforcement coordinate their efforts to stamp out these types of criminal activities. Secure collaboration can paint a clearer picture of potential threats and visualize patterns within and across investigations to resolve cases and prevent future threats. By combining technology and collaboration, agencies are taking digital evidence and turning it into Digital Intelligence. By creating actionable data that can be effectively and securely shared among departments and agencies, Law Enforcement can be effectively equipped to fight the international crime organizations that are victimizing too many. A recent example of the coordination of technology and collaboration happened with the Polish Border Guard bringing down an international illegal crime network. With the support of Europol and a five-year investigation, the Border Guard successfully brought down a network that had already smuggled 550 people to the EU. Europol provided analytical and operations support and equipped the Polish Border Guard a mobile office and a Universal Forensic Extraction Device (UFED). This allowed for real-time cross-checks against Europol’s databases as well as data extraction from the seized devices for further analysis. The result was the arrest and dismantling of a criminal network making money off the universal desire for a better life. For over 20 years, Cellebrite has been a partner of Law Enforcement agencies all over the world in their fight against crime. Our Digital Intelligence Platform gives investigative teams the timely access they need to device and cloud data as well as the analytics tools need to automate the review process; removing the need for time-consuming human review. The result is actionable data from which Law Enforcement can accelerate the time to evidence, resolve cases, prevent future criminal activity, and create a safer world. *Organised Crime the Economic Impact, World Finance, January 2017 Share this post
1. Home 2. Training Library 3. Linux Administration Bootcamp Introduction \| CSL4 RS A3.1 \| Transferring and Copying Files Over the Network Linux Administration Bootcamp Installing and Connecting to a Linux System Linux Boot Process and System Logging Disk Management in Linux User Management in Linux Shell Scripting with Linux Start course 7h 28m In this lesson will be covering how to copy files over the network. You already know how to copy files from one location to another on the same system using the CP command. But if you want to copy files from your local workstation to a Linux server or between Linux servers, you need to use SCP or SFTP. SCP is Secure Copy and SFTP is SSH File Transfer Protocol. Sometimes SFTP is referred to as Secure File Transfer Protocol. SCP and SFTP are both extensions of the secure shell protocol. In order to use SCP or SFTP you need a client. Mac and Linux come with SCP and SFTP command line utilities. If you are running windows you can use the PuTTY Secure Copy client pscp.exe and the PuTTY Secure File Transfer client psftp.exe. There are graphical clients as well. Cyberduck is popular for Mac and Windows. FileZilla runs on Mac, Windows and Linux. WinSCP is a Windows only SCP and SFTP client. If you are looking for a more interactive experience where you can examine the local files and remote files use SFTP. With SCP, you need to know what files you want to transfer before issuing the command. SCP and SFTP aren't the only ways to transfer files to remote systems. Sometimes FTP called File Transfer Protocol is enabled. In such cases, you can use the built-in FTP command line client on Linux and Mac or a graphical client, like WinSCP for Windows. Just be aware that FTP is not a secure transfer protocol like SCP and SFTP. This means that your log in credentials are sent in plain text over the network. Also, the files that you upload and download are not encrypted either. If given the choice between SCP, SFTP or FTP? Pick SCP or SFTP. Let's use our SFTP client to connect to this Linux server. When you connect to the remote server you're placed into your home directory. And LS will show the files that are in my home directory. If you proceed those commands with an L that's for local. So LPWD says that I'm in the Local Temp Test Directory and LS will show what files are on the local box and temp test. So let's put z.txt onto the server and we'll do an LS and we can see that z.txt shows up on remote server. Let's deleted off the remote server and let's do an LS with a dash L for a long listing and see if it's gone. And it is, so we'll click our SFTP client. With SCP you can copy from your local system to the remote system, but you need to know the source and destination. So, our source file will be z.txt our destination will be linuxsvr1: at the end of the server name, followed by a path name. We could put this file and the temp directory on the remote server. Oops I misspelled that. We could put this file and say our home directory. Tilda is a shortcut for home. And let's connect to the Linux server and show that, we did places z text there and also in temp. Let's transfer this file to the remote server as a different user. Let's use adminuser@linuxsvr and we'll place this in the admin users home directory. We can use Tilda as a shortcut for home or we can even specify the full path, let's just do that. And let's connect, it's the same with SFTP let's connect to a sftpadminuser@linuxsvr. And then you could see that z.txt was transferred. Let's look at using a graphical client like FileZilla. To connect via SFTP type sftp:: and then the IP address or server name and give your username and password and click quick connect. If you get prompted about an SSH key go ahead and accept it, and this is a one time thing. On the left side you see our local files on our workstation and on the right side are the remote files on the Linux server. We'll just pick a file to transfer up to our Linux server. Let's put it in our desktop folder and you can drag and drop a file from local to remote and also from remote to local. And you can also do a transfer by double-clicking the file as well. Let's log into our Linux server and see if those files got transferred like we expected. And we can see, that the file is on the desktop double-click to open. Yup, it made it. Let's look at our documents folder and we can see the file is there as well. To transfer files over the network you need a client. There are command line clients like SCP, SFTP and FTP. You can also use a graphical client such as Cyberduck, FileZilla, or WinSCP. If you have a choice to use FTP or SFTP, choose SFTP. About the Author Training Provider Learning Paths QA: A world-leading tech and digital skills organisation
Back to Top After the Madrid Meeting on the Climate Crisis In 1992, the nations of the world met in Rio de Janeiro and agreed that they had a responsibility to respond to the reality of climate change. They created the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and agreed that the participating nations would meet once a year. COP 25 had the task of answering unanswered questions. The meetings are called the Conference of Parties (COP) and the 25th such meeting was held in Madrid, Spain from December 2 through December 15. Two of us from the Christian Reformed Church were official observers at the meeting participating with a larger group of evangelicals called the Christian Climate Observer Program. The Conference of Parties, meeting in Paris in 2015, developed the Paris Agreement which calls for all nations in this agreement to reduce significantly their greenhouse emissions (the cause of climate change), so that the world can reach net zero emissions by 2050. COP 25 had the task of answering unanswered questions before the Paris Agreement goes into effect in November of 2020. A number of good things happened: • The Gender Action plan passed the conference. It seeks to advance the role of women in combatting climate change. • There was a very strong show of support for the work on the climate crisis. Organizers say around 500,000 people are taking part in the demonstrations. Officials have not given a figure. • Many nations formed the High Ambition Coalition to ensure that the world reaches net zero emissions by 2050. They include the European Union, New Zealand, Costa Rica, Ethiopia and many Pacific island states. • The U.S. Climate Alliance, consisting of states, cities, universities and other entities gave many reports on the good work being done in the US to reach the goal of the Paris Agreement. • Greta Thunberg, the Swedish 17 year old, was present leading the rest of us in calling for serious reductions of greenhouse gases. • The science is so clear. There have been seven reports in the last several months describing the crisis that will happen if we do not take serious action. Please read this article • Both Canada and the EU pledged to get to net zero by 2050. Yet, on the other hand, COP 25 was very disappointing. and it is going to require a lot of work for nations, organizations, churches, and individuals who are trying to protect their grandchildren by getting the world to net zero by 2050. On the agenda of this meeting were several important items: A central task of COP 25 was to send a clear message to countries that it is imperative that they pledge to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by a significant amount. China and India joined the United States in pushing back. The promised reductions have to be made by the start of COP 26. To date, commitments made by countries under the Paris Agreement are not ambitious enough to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 °C. Latest scientific information emphasizes that global net carbon dioxide emissions must fall to 45 per cent of 2010 levels by 2030 in order to reach net zero by 2050. COP 25 was widely denounced as one of the most discouraging outcomes in a quarter-century of climate negotiations. The United States, which is withdrawing from the Paris agreement a day after the 2020 election, and other big polluters blocked a nonbinding measure that would have encouraged countries to adopt more ambitious targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions next year. China and India joined the United States in pushing back against more emphatic language that calls on countries to enhance their climate-action targets in 2020. The second disappointment was carbon trading. One of the mechanisms that nations can use to get to net zero is buying and selling carbon emissions. Using this scheme, a nation with high greenhouse gas emissions can purchase the right to emit greenhouse gas emissions from a nation that has successfully reduced their emissions. But this trading process must produce a real reduction of emissions. COP 25 needed to develop a process for trading that really works. The rules on carbon trading was one of the most contentious issues and COP 25 postponed dealing with it. Australia and Brazil were among the countries that insisted on measures widely viewed as loopholes, including the ability to carry over credits earned under an old trading system. Developing countries have to deal with the significant damage. Another important issue is ‘loss and damage.’ Developing countries have to deal with the significant damage that the climate crisis has caused, but they can’t afford to do so. For instance, the Pacific island of Kiribati has already suffered because of sea level rise. That nation has had to purchase land on Fiji, so that they have a place to live once Kiribati becomes uninhabitable in about ten years. Loss and Damage would hold the developed world legally liable for these damages because they are the countries most responsible for greenhouse gas emissions. Several developed countries pushed back on loss and damage. Though there was a general agreement about the need to help poor countries cope with climate disasters, an agreement to fund failed because there was disagreement about whether major polluters could be held liable for climate damages in the future. The work of the Climate Witness Project World Renew, and the Office of Social Justice on the climate crisis will continue with the direction provided by the 2012 Synod. Christians know disappointment, but we continue because God continues to lead. Want to be a part of the work of the Climate Witness Project? You can sign up to be a partner here. Photo by Javier Martinez on Unsplash Read more about our comment policy.
Is Benzo Safe for Long-Term Use? Benzos, or benzodiazepines, are artificial medications affecting the central nervous system by making the brain less sensitive to outside stimulation. They are used to treat many different conditions like anxiety disorders, panic disorders, seizures, insomnia and are even used to treat alcohol withdrawal. Benzos work by affecting a specific receptor in the brain known as gamma-aminobutyric acid- A, or GABA – A, receptors. Benzos will attach to these receptors and produce a calming effect on the brain and the body. Most commonly prescribed benzos include Xanax, Librium, Tranxene, Klonopin, Valium, Ativan, and Restoril. Is Benzo Safe for Long-Term Use? Are They Safe For Long-Term Use? Benzos should only be prescribed for short-term use because they all have a high potential for abuse and addiction. Yet, it mostly depends on the strength, dosage, and what it is being used for. As an example, benzos like Ativan or Xanax are stronger and also act faster on the body. These are best for short-term use and used as needed. Ativan and Xanax would be best for anxiety and panic-related attacks or episodes. More About Problems After Long Period Benzo Use If an anxiety attack were to occur, you would take your medication as needed to stop the panic or anxiety attack. Benzodiazepines such as Valium, however, are much weaker and do not have as quick of a reaction. They are helpful for insomnia and can be used more regularly to prevent insomnia. However, they still should not be taken for very long periods of time. When benzo is taken for a long period, even as prescribed, this can lead to benzo dependency, abuse, and addiction. Abuse and addiction to benzos are much more common than you might think. According to NIH BZD misuse and abuse is a growing problem. Approximately 2.3% to 18% of Americans have misused sedatives or tranquilizers for nonmedical use in their lifetime.14-16 Nearly 10% of these individuals met the criteria for abuse or dependence.14 In 2010, there were an estimated 186 000 new BZD abusers.17 Emergency departments (EDs) have seen a sharp 139% increase in BZD-related visits. Other Effects of Benzodiazepine Long-Term Use Not only can long-term benzo use lead to abuse and addiction, like previously mentioned, long-term abuse can also lead to the painful experience of withdrawal. This occurs after someone who uses benzos regularly for an extended period suddenly stops or does not take a large enough dose. Another serious and life-altering side effect to long-term use is its cognitive effects. It has been described as causing impairment in many aspects such as speed of processing, verbal learning, visuospatial ability, and memory. It can even lead to chronic cognitive impairment. Overcome Benzodiazepine Use Disorder at Evoke Wellness MA Long-term use of benzos leads to some pretty serious consequences to both the mind and the body. So whether you are dependent, abusing, or completely addicted to benzos, your first step in living your life without benzos is with medical detox. This step helps you detox the benzos out of your system and makes the withdrawal process as painless as possible. Getting yourself better does not just stop at detox. The next step is getting involved in drug abuse and addiction treatment. Detox heals the body, but treatment helps heal the mind. Addiction does not just go away because the drugs are out of your system. Finding a treatment program can help you avoid turning back to benzo in the future and help you understand what led you to them in the first place. Ready to Rebuild Your Life? For Confidential Help, Call: Evoke Massachusetts
Intelligent Process Automation Intelligent process automation (IPA) is a gesticulate of technologies that permit organizations to decrease equipped expenses, improve the performance of an organization, and make available superior employee and client experiences. Instinctive elsewhere of mechanization, intelligent process automation is the iteration of robotic process automation (RPA) that continues to constrain digital to modify. Intelligent processes are an aspect of the broader transformation of technology with the objective of automation as a whole. From driverless cars to autonomous drones, automation is helping to create and leverage new types of intelligence to make technology available to common users. Whether it’s client announcement in the shape of desktop assistants or mechanical effort in the venture, where mechanization alters the method that we action. Forrester predicts that mechanization “will turn out to be the leader of the digital alteration in near future which is heartwarming to all from transportation to patrons which will support in venturing out with new business models. In view of added complexity on supply services, organizations need to organize their complex tasks through automated processes. What is the primary rationale of Intelligent Process Automation? Intelligent process automation (IPA) is a mixture of technologies that jointly approach, mechanize and put together a digital processes. The core technologies that make up IPA include Digital Process Automation (DPA), Robotic Process Automation (RPA), and Artificial Intelligence (AI). DPA provides the agility and insight needed to enable a comprehensive approach to automate business processes. It allows you to manage the flow of data in your enterprise and facilitates identifying areas that involves dynamic changes for improvement. RPA brings pace and competence to the stand. Deploying robots that mimic human actions helps reduce manual, laborious tasks, such as retrieving data from one system to another. AI then contributes tremendous intelligence and decision-making to the mix. This brings one more stage of idea to mechanization as AI can examine data that humans might not recognize patterns in data and create rapid clever choices while learning from past decisions. At the same time, as these technologies are all authoritative in their have possession of the right, deploying them independently is not sufficient. By combining labor-saving solutions such as RPA and AI using DPA, you can make sure that you are captivating a planned come-up and not immediately mechanize everyday jobs but automate as a whole venture. Intelligent Automation: A New Innovation Method Legacy systems are blocking digital transformation because they leave no room for new technologies. To overcome this obstacle that many organizations need, they need a platform that acts as an intelligent information conveyor belt that works closely with your legacy system and can be easily recreated. An intelligent process automation platform combines DPA, RPA, and AI to create an integrated solution, allowing you to manage each component, drive digital transformation and ultimately deliver enterprise-wide intelligent automation. When you attach an emerging software robot or digital worker to an information conveyor belt, an automated assembly line is created that digitizes the organizational process. Now add artificial intelligence to the process (which knows both context and intent), and you have the most outcome with a whirlpool of new technologies. This is not about Intelligent Process Automation vs. Robotic Process Automation, however its a broad strategy around RPA that helps you get the most out of your automations. In its place of deploying technologies in separation, we attach them to the IPA raised area to provide nimbleness and constancy. This way, we can identify where the robots are deployed and organize your digital workforce by connecting employees, customers, and partners. “Advances in duplicate ability, robotics, and mechanization, by the income of significant benefit, promote the majority topical period of knowledgeable mechanization, which is to be expected by an input driver of decision-making understanding in the years to approach” Technologies In Intelligent Process Automation IPA integrates AI and related technologies – including computer vision, cognitive automation, and machine learning – with RPA. Bringing these technologies together mobilizes the potential for greater automation to open up more business value. Some of the core technologies of IPA include: • Machine learning algorithms that look for patterns in the data created by learning “supervisor” and “non-supervisor” • Non-robots or server-based bots that fully automate processes that do not require human judgment or intervention. • Cognitive agents, fundamental agents that unite engine erudition and ordinary idiom age group and become skilled at data sets that interrelate with human users. • Innovative workflow tools that help organize, integrate and eliminate processes that spread across people and machines. • Computer vision systems such as optical character recognition, a technology that converts a scanned document or image into text. • Natural Language Processing (NLP) allows technologies to appreciate, construe and control spoken or written language. This technology is critical in chatbots and effective assistants. Advantages of Intelligent Process Automation As we understand, lot of companies in the manufacturing are experimenting using IPAs with inspiring consequences: mechanization of 50 to 70 percent of everyday jobs, which translates interested in a usefulness of 20 to 35 percent annual run-rate costs. This being achieved in the following ways: • End To End Customer Journey : When individual automation technologies are deployed, it can be challenging to see the broader outcomes of the enterprise. Using IPA, you can see the whole process, allowing you to identify barriers or points on which the customer’s journey can be smooth. • Ensuring proper governance and reducing risk: By automating the process from end to end, you reduce errors such as incorrect data. The RPA takes to think about the automated everyday jobs. If it breaks or deviates on or after managerial standards, the IPA gives you calm of intelligence, which means that your actions are being completed permanently. • Agility and speed of change in action: IPA enables you to speed up end-to-end processing and makes agile changes to processes and the technologies that support them. This helps organizations to get better their business processes repeatedly. • Organization of humans and robots- Instead of simply deploying RPAs to the cell and leaving them to complete individual tasks, intelligent process automation robots can help coordinate work between people and systems. Robotics is very well and superior, but if not you incorporate it through the IPA platform, you will locate out-of-the-way solutions as different from the broader venture solution. Use Cases Of Intelligent Process Automation • A typical example of intelligent process automation is a situation where organizations need to bring customer data. Still, manual tasks take significant time, such as processing insurance claims or automating customer requests. • One of the largest banking groups, started to use intelligent process automation platform to deliver human and robot effectively, improving customer service, both at the digital and branch level. The work they have achieved in this position is ahead of many in the world. An example of success is the combination of robotic desktop automation, built-in collaboration with the IPA to help its branch employees provide accurate customer information in real-time and once analyzed recommend the best service for the specific customer. The automation has seen a 59% increase in their service time performance who has previously spent considerable hours a year at the branch. Leave a Reply
Your question: What is coal and bond? What type of bond is coal? The insoluble portion of the coal comprises the cross-linked network, one extraordinarily large molecule linked in a three-dimensional array. This network is held together by covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds, the weak interactions that play such a large role in the association of biological molecules. What is coal structure? The plant material from which coal is derived is composed of a complex mixture of organic compounds, including cellulose, lignin, fats, waxes, and tannins. … Coals pass through several structural states as the bonds between the aromatic nuclei increase. What is a coal in chemistry? Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock with a high amount of carbon and hydrocarbons. Coal is classified as a nonrenewable energy source because it takes millions of years to form. Coal contains the energy stored by plants that lived hundreds of millions of years ago in swampy forests. What is a mining Bond? A bond is a financial guarantee, given to provide assurance to one party that another party will fulfill an obligation it has undertaken to perform. If the principal is not the operator, then a bond rider is required to cover operations conducted by the operator. … THIS IS INTERESTING: How much coal does Japan import? What is the formula of coal? Is coal covalent bond? Coal is composed of particles of different allotropes of carbon, and some “amorphous carbon,” which has no defined geometry in its atomic structure. Without a continuous network of covalent bonds, coal is easily scratched (i.e. it is not hard). Is coal still being formed? What are the 4 stages of coal formation? There are four stages in coal formation: peat, lignite, bituminous, and anthracite. What is coal an example of *? Why is coal so bad? How do mining bonds work? A Reclamation bond is put in place to guarantee that the land affected by mining or similar permitted operations, is returned back to its approximate pre-mining condition or an agreed acceptable condition. … The surety company that issues and backs the bond would then investigate the claim and verify the details. THIS IS INTERESTING: Why is coal energy dangerous? How does self bonding work? Self-bonds are legally binding corporate promises without separate surety or collateral, available only to entities that meet certain financial tests. What is a reclamation liability? Reclamation Liabilities means all liabilities to Reclamation Governmental Authorities for Reclamation arising out of or related to any legal obligation or duty of any of the Coal Side Debtors to perform or complete Reclamation with respect to any property owned, leased, used, or impacted by any of them in the course of …
The Difference Between a Circular Saw and Miter Saw In a woodworking project, whether a circular or miter blade will be used, you need to know how to use both tools safely. The first thing you should do is get them set up correctly. Make sure the motor is turned off when making adjustments, and place the cord away from the area of work. Using the correct alignment can prevent cutting any wires or other objects while you are cutting. Also, if you are left-handed, you shouldn’t use a miter saw made for the opposite hand. Effective cuts There are some differences between a circular saw and miter saw, but both tools are effective for many different types of cuts. A circular saw is usually used for straight cuts, while a miter-saw is typically used for angles. These two types of saws can be found in many home improvement stores and are great for a variety of cuts. If you’re unsure which one is better for your project, consider using a combination of both. A miter saw is smaller than a circular saw, and the blade is much thicker. You can use either type of saw. A miter-saw has a fence or safety guard to keep you safe. While a circular-saw can be stacked, a miter-saw is more mobile and is often used for cutting metal. It’s worth knowing the difference between the two before you buy a new saw. Safety features When choosing a circular-saw, look for safety features. Most have a safety trigger, which automatically turns off the tool if it’s not held properly. They also have a light on them to blow away dust that might be a problem. Although circular saws can make miter cuts, they don’t have the accuracy of a miter-saw. Generally, circular saws are less expensive than miter saws, but a miter-saw is easier to handle and maintain. Unlike the circular saw, the miter saw is more flexible. It can cut almost any type of wood. The best-quality models can cut any material to the right length. While miter-saws are more versatile than circular-saws, they are generally more expensive. Regardless of your DIY project, knowing the difference between the two tools is essential. You should also consider the type of blade you need. They should be compatible with the size of your current workshop. A miter-saw is a permanent fixture that can’t be dismantled. A circular saw has a long blade that can cut wood panels with a good depth. The circular-saw has an adjustable sole, which makes it easy to move and use. This type of tool is ideal for small wood projects, as it allows you to cut angles in any kind of material. A cordless circular saw is lightweight and portable. Speed and accuracy The benefits of a circular saw include speed and accuracy. The blade is long and has excellent teeth. It is also capable of cutting wood panelling at a decent depth. Its design also allows you to create rounded cuts with ease. Whether you want a miter or circular-saw, it’s important to use the right blade for your project. They are both great for various types of woodworking projects. The circular saw is useful for a variety of tasks. It is ideal for cutting wood over two inches thick. The blade is a bit larger than the circular-saw blade. This makes the circular-saw a better choice for larger pieces of wood. The miter has a longer blade and it is therefore better for cutting plywood than a ripsaw. The blades of both tools are the same size, so it’s important to get one that fits your needs. In Final: The circular saw is more versatile and more durable. It can make long and narrow cuts. It can also cut plywood sheets into two. The circular-saw is better for straight cuts. Neither tool can cut curved or angle cuts. A miter can cut all types of materials. However, it can’t make a perfect miter. This makes it an ideal choice for cutting trim materials, but it’s not ideal for cutting through wood. Related Articles Back to top button
Say I have stock prices 100 120 140 160 180 200 210 .... X every day for a year. How do I calculate drift and volatility? I am trying to find some formulas online, but I am confused by terms like 'Δt". • Δt is the time step – zeta-band Mar 24 '17 at 23:41 • Δ = delta, which means change. So if you encounter Δ... just take the difference between the values. – Michael Mar 24 '17 at 23:45 Here is a minimal example based on 16 months of returns. The calculation can be found in the textbook Computational Financial Mathematics using Mathematica, page 54. For daily returns adjust the times variable accordingly. enter image description here The curve plotted above is the mean value curve y0 e^(a t) Here are the mathematical details, particularly the formulation of σ. enter image description here Unfortunately, the answer to that is well beyond what could be answered here for two reasons. First, this forum doesn't allow mathematical notation and, second, by the way you are asking this question you do not have the background mathematics for the answer to help you. Loosely, the best method would be to construct a Bayesian estimate for the time series although this is an uncommon solution in practice. You might check out this article on it at Basic Bayesian Methods Mark E. Glickman and David A. van Dyk or Bayesian Statistics explained to Beginners in Simple English by NSS. There just isn't a simple answer to this question and certainly not one without extensive math. There isn't a formula, there is a set of principles. The calculation of these quantities may depend on the assumed model for returns. In the usual, simple case one assumes daily returns are IID and lognormally distributed. Therefore we take three steps: 1. Compute log returns. Divide each price by the price before it and take the natural log. These are the log returns and we assume they are normally distributed. r1 = ln(120/100) r2 = ln(140/120) 1. Now compute the volatility. To do this, get the standard deviation of the log returns computed above and multiply by (in your case) the square root of 252 (the number of trading days in a year). Excel has a standard deviation function if you are using it. This is denoted by lower case sigma. 2. Compute the drift. In this case, the daily drift is the mean of the log returns. The annual drift is the average of the log returns times 252. Note that it should technically be called a drift rate of the price process but that's a story for another day. These things can get quite complicated for other models for returns, but I'm assuming if you were studying super advanced return models, you would already know what delta T means. Your Answer
Essay On The History And Mechanics Of Bicycle Racing Williamsville North/ Gym Research Paper 2113 words - 9 pages Bicycle Racing Gym Make Up Project Aaron Larson Aaron Larson Mr. Ferenczy Bicycle Racing Bicycle racing or Cycle sport is a very popular sport all over the world. Countless races and Criteriums are held in almost every country in the world. The most famous Grand Tour is the Tour de France. Which is part of a series of 3 Grand Tours, the Giro d’Italia and the Vuelta a Espana are the other two which appear along with the Tour de France. These are the best known Grand Tours but there are many others. The history of bicycle racing goes back to 1868, May 31. This is the date of the first bicycle race won by James Moore an Englishman. The race was held in Paris and was 1200 meters in length. Following this the first Tour de France was held in 1903. Every one of the 6 stages was won by the same the same rider, Maurice Garin. The first Tour de France was already an international event with riders from France, Belgium, and, Germany. By the time the Tour de France was organized, bicycle racing had become popular in the United States and all over Europe. But the second Tour was almost the end of the tour. The popularity of the tour had made the winning team obsessed with winning that they cheated and sabotaged many other competitors. The French team that had gotten first through fifth had cheated. They had set traps made of nails and used other vehicles to get to the finish. They were stripped of their stage wins and titles and the new winner was the fifth place rider, Henri Cornet. The Third Tour put it back on track. The team that had dominated the first 2 Tours was now permanently banned and the contestants, after the consequences of cheating that had become clear after the last tour, were too scared to cheat. The tour was the longest yet and had 5 more stages than the previous two tours. It was also the first to include a stage in the Alps. The winner was Louis Trousselier. Trousselier won the next Tour as well. The next few Tours were all won by different riders until Lucien Petit-Bretons wins two in a row. He was the last to do so for over 10 years. Another significant feat was accomplished by Philippe Thys, in 1920, as he became the first to win 3 tours. Soon other types of bicycle racing had started appearing across the world. The main form of bicycle racing is road racing which is the entirety of the tours. Road racing is very diverse in that there is many different events that are road races. There are team time trials, individual time trials, sprints, and team racing. The most well-known is the team race where everyone starts at the same time and fight for positioning in the peloton or break away to challenge the leaders. There is also track cycling where the riders are on a banked track that is usually oval or a circle. Other disciplines include BMX, Cyclo-cross, Mountain biking, and Cycle speedway. They each have different tracks and bike styles. BMX bikes are generally smaller with stronger frames, and only one gear. There is also freestyle BMX which is a trick contest. Freestyle BMX is less about racing and more about performing the best trick and getting a higher score than your opponents. Mountain biking is similar to BMX except that instead of a track they race down mountains or cross country and includes a large amount of technical riding and skill. Cyclo-cross is mainly held during the off months of road racing and consists of pavement, dirt, and other obstacles that require the rider to dismount and carry their bike and then remount. Cycle speedway is a combination of road racing and BMX it is a short dirt track that holds a short race with no obstacles. There is also motor-paced racing where motorcycles are used to pace the riders to increase their speed. All of these disciplines make up bicycle racing. The Union Cycliste Internationale is the body that makes and enforces the rules of bicycle racing it also issues the international rankings for the disciplines of mountain biking, road and track cycling. The UCI is responsible for dealing with controversies such as doping and other forms of cheating. The UCI also has ties the International Olympic Committee because of cycling’s designation as an Olympic sport. The UCI is the global power in cycling rules and rankings but it can be divided in to continental groups and further divided in to countries groups but the UCI is the ultimate power when it comes to decisions. The main rules in cycling relate to performance enhancing drugs and blood doping. One big star that was caught up in a scandal was Lance Armstrong, he won 7 Tours de France in a row and did so in convincing fashion. A few years after he was accused of blood doping, or adding hemoglobin to his blood so more oxygen can be transported throughout the body, the accusations went to the UCI and they made the final decision on what his punishment would be and how his titles would be affected. This lead to a very long trial and a decision wasn’t reached for years after the accusations were made and it all ended in Armstrong losing all of his racing titles and is now banned from all competitive sports. More current stars in the sport are Chris Froome the overall winner of the 2015 Tour, Rojas N. Quintana the best youth in the 2015 Tour, Tejay Van Garderen was a serious American contender until he got sick during the Tour de France. Others are there but these are the ones that I see the most. The thing I dislike the most about the sport is that it is very repetitive and there is little variation in what they can do to make one race different from one in the same sort of landscape. If you watch the 3 Grand Tours one after another you see much of the same things in each of them. From the mountain stages to the sprints you see the same people winning them and the same people struggling. You also see the same strategy used by the teams with the same people. If someone gets ahead you see the whole team focus on them and do everything to further their position which leads to the same people getting ahead and no one can randomly jump in the standing past the first few stages. Once a strategy is established the teams never stray from it unless their focus has to withdraw from the race. Bicycle racing also has many likable traits. Not everyone looks the same so you can always tell the teams and every individual rider apart. There is also a lot of room for individuality in the riders’ bikes and other equipment. Unlike other sports the bikes and equipment the riders use aren’t completely uniform and can be recreated for personal use. This allows for a large amount of creativity when it comes to the shape of the frame and the amount of gears. Also the teams don’t all have everyone riding the same bike or the same equipment. The riders decide what works best for them and can stick with it. There are also looser restrictions on the equipment, there are many different companies that make the same things for racers like tires and it is up to the rider and team which they want to use. The individuality in bicycle racing is one of its best traits. Also bicycle racing takes you through many different landscapes. Throughout all of the Grand Tours the commentators point out interesting things about the area the racers are going through. They spend as much time talking about the race and racers as they do pointing out historical buildings and famous landmarks. You learn a lot about the countryside and the history of the area the race is in. Many things they point out you would never see otherwise. You also see the differences between the roads and mountains in different countries. Mainly in France, Spain, and Italy but other countries hold tours and the differences in the roads and plant life is astounding. For example the Spanish tour goes through much more desolate places than the French tour and you see much less of the countryside and interesting places of Spain. There is also a very vivid contrast from the mountains in the different tours. The French tour leads the riders through a very green and forestry area while the Spanish showed a very dry portion of mountains. It is great to see all of the different terrains and county sides of all the different countries. The season for bicycle racing is year round, the different disciplines rise depending on the time of year. The time when the most people watch bicycle racing is during the Grand Tour season which starts in May and lasts through September. The Giro d’Italia takes place in May. The Tour de France is in July and the Vuelta a Espana starts in August and ends in September. Many Grand tour riders do Cyclo-cross during the off season because it allows them to practice many different styles of racing and overall skills. BMX is also done almost year round because I can be done through most terrains despite the weather. Motor paced racing is done in the same season as Grand Tours because of the weather being accommodating to where they are racing and the track being dry so the riders don’t lose traction at the high speeds they reach. Cycle speedway is an indoor sport so it can be played all year round without a season around it. Mountain biking also is done mainly in the spring and summer months so that the bikes cannot lose traction on mud or snow or in wet conditions. The road racing season lasts around the same length of the mountain biking season for the same reasons and it includes the Grand Tours and many criteriums and one day races all take place during this season and they make up the bulk of all bicycle racing. Bicycle racing is also played in the Olympics. In the summer Olympics there is a small tour and a lot of time trials. There is also a BMX competition in the Olympics. Track cycling also makes an appearance in the summer Olympics. The tour in the Olympics last until after the actual games are over because of how many stages there are in the tour and how late it starts in the games. Most of the televised road racing in the Olympics are time trials and not tour stages or one stage races. The time trials are almost 2 days of events because of all the riders in them. The BMX is a lot of solo runs for points based on the skill you display and the tricks they perform. This BMX format also appears in the X-Games along with BMX racing and a relay race with a BMX race to finish it. Road racing is a worldwide sport and played on every continent with its most popular countries being Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland. Other countries with large pro scenes in racing are the United States, Australia, Luxemburg, and the United Kingdom. The Grand Tours which are the pinnacle of the road racing scene are in Italy, France, and Spain. The Tour de France is the most important one it also gives the most points in the UCI’s International ranking system. The Giro d’Italia is the second most important and the last tour the Vuelta a Espana is the least important. There are many “Tours” in the world. They are shorter than the Grand Tours and carry less weight in the ranking system. The Tour of Utah and California are popular ones in America. Australia has a large tour named the Tour from Down Under. Road racing is played in more places than most other disciplines but mountain biking is the second most played disciplines. Bicycle racing is a worldwide sport and is an extremely popular sport around the world. The different forms of racing bring a unexpected element what a cyclist really can do when there are trained in multiple disciplines. From freestyle BMX to a Grand Tour bicycle racing has all sorts of surprises in store for everyone. The Official Tour de France Centennial 1903-2003 Weidenfeld &n Nicolson Copyright 2003 print Research Paper on The History of Oceanography The sounds and smells of a basketball gym - personal essay - essay 693 words - 3 pages When I imagined high school in eighth grade, I pictured playing basketball. My life had revolved around the sport since I was able to walk, and it was my passion. In the months leading up to tryouts, I was tired on and off the court--but I couldn't figure out why. Tryouts happened before Thanksgiving break, and when my name wasn't called to remain in the gym and receive a jersey, I was heartbroken. The next day was Thanksgiving, and I had to impacts on the invention of the plane - history - research paper What are the benefits of exrcise - Gym/PE - essay 972 words - 4 pages Lenin Rodriguez 12/10/2018 GYM/PHYSCIAL EDUCATION What are the benefits of exercise? A question that numerous people tend to ask on a daily basis. Exercise is fundamental and essential for the human body, not only is it beneficial to sustaining our health but helps our self-esteem simultaneously. There are so many perks and benefits to exercising that I personally feel that anyone who is capable should indulge in some form of exercise. It’ll Analysis Of The Bicycle And Its Role In Society 398 words - 2 pages osteoporosis.Next, owning a bike stimulates the intellectual development of a child; first, the child becomes interested in sports, especially in cycling. Second, she/he learns how parts work together, and how to maintain and repair the bicycle. Third, the child has to learn to obey traffic signs and laws. What's more, one must become responsible towards pedestrians. They need to learn that if they obey the traffic laws on their bikes that they Hip hop essay on the history of rap - College mus 360 - Research paper 2153 words - 9 pages and the meaning/feeling/texture/etc. equals C)? 3. Just think about “So, the consumers have become producers, and this has taken a lot of power away from the record companies” (Jeff Chang on sampling in McLeod and Dicola (2011)). What does this matter, especially when you consider the question above? 4. In general, how was creativity measured in the golden age of sampling, and how did music by the Native Tongues exemplify this value? 5. Be able to history paper on the black death - history 1 - research paper How free were the free blacks in the north during the time of slavery - History - Essay 860 words - 4 pages Ryan Trybula Canul History 05 March 2018 How Free Were Free Blacks In The North So what kind of rights did the blacks that were free have in north? The blacks that were free in the northern states don't necessarily have the kind of rights that one might think. While they were free they were still discriminated against all the time. They had trouble politically and couldn’t get jobs very easily. Also whites did not allow the blacks to do anything Differences and similarities between Maryland and Baltimore - University of North Dakota History - Essay 520 words - 3 pages Mustafa Abd MWF 11:00AM 11-5-18 PAPER #2 Frederick Douglass, was a slave like many others who were born into slavery. However, Douglass was one of few who were lucky enough to escape to freedom. As a result, he wrote his Bibliography; The Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. He writes of his experiences in rural Maryland under it’s hard conditions, and his experiences in the city of Baltimore where he learned to read 1549 words - 7 pages research revealed that not a single state’s minimum wage is high enough to match the local cost of living (Misra). The solution to this massive economic issue starts federal then should trickle down to local and state governing powers. The government must increase the minimum wage to an average rate considered sustainable. From that point the national powers must enforce state governments to take action and increase pay for that state based on the Overall, Castro was a harsh dictatorship. Essay on Castro and Cuban history - Great Neck North High School, World History - Assignment 848 words - 4 pages Cuba would produce a ten million tons of sugar cane, and the entire country would contribute in producing the sugar. Once the sugar cane was ready and sent to the soviets, they sold it for an even higher price, producing more on an income. The production of sugar cane greatly improved the Cuban economy. Even though the Cuban economy sky rocketed in the 20th century, in 2009 Cuba was near bankruptcy during Castro’s regime. In Cuba, government North korean essay on japanese citizen abductions - private - Research 673 words - 3 pages North Korea is a secretive country, one of these incidents happened in 1970s and the early 1980s of various nationality. From Lebanese to Japanese the North Korean government either abducted or tricked into joining their ridiculous beliefs and traditions to worship the their ‘unbeatable’ leaders. Why would they give up their time, effort and money into these foreigners? No one has a exact answer but it could be to try the ridiculous objective of
The Lazarus Taxon: Something “Raised From The Dead” There is a concept in biology called the Lazarus taxon. The word taxon (plural taxa) means a taxonomic category, as a species or genus. The term is used to describe animals or plants that vanish from the fossil record for long periods of time, only to “reappear” at a different point in history. Organisms long thought to be extinct suddenly appear on the scene. Why does this happen? The biologists tell us it can be for many reasons: the fossil record is sporadic, and not all species are preserved in it. Some are; and some are not. The reason why the word Lazarus is used is because it refers to the New Testament story of Lazarus being “raised from the dead.” I find this entire concept fascinating. The idea that something thought to be long dead can suddenly appear on the scene: it is like discovering a long-lost treasure. It is like stumbling on a gold mine. There are a number of animals that qualify as Lazarus finds. We can read about the rare New Zealand bird called the takahe, which was believed to have gone extinct in 1898 until it suddenly appeared in 1948. My favorite Lazarus tale is the story of the rare fish called the coelacanth. I first read about it many decades ago and it still sends the pulse pounding: In 1938, thirty two-year-old Marjorie Courtenay Latimer was the curator of a tiny museum in the port town of East London, northeast of Cape Town, South Africa. She had befriended a local seaman, Captain Hendrick Goosen, of the trawler Nerine, which fished the nearby coastal waters of the Indian Ocean. When he put into port the captain made a frequent practice of having the dockman call Miss Latimer to come look over the Nerine’s catch. She was welcome to take any unusual specimens she might want for her museum. On December 23rd, 1938, the Nerine entered port after a stint trawling off the mouth of the nearby Chalumna River. The dockman called Marjorie, who was busy mounting a reptile collection, but felt she ought at least go down to the docks to wish the crew of the Nerine a merry Christmas. She took a taxi, delivered her greetings, and was about to leave when, according to her account, she noticed a blue fin protruding beneath a pile of rays and sharks on the deck. Pushing the overlaying fish aside revealed, as she would later write, “the most beautiful fish I had ever seen, five feet long, and a pale mauve blue with iridescent silver markings.” Marjorie had no idea what the fish was, but knew it must go back to the museum at once. At first the taxi driver refused to have the reeking, five-foot fish in his cab, but after a heated discussion, he drove Marjorie and her specimen back to the museum. Raking through the few reference books on hand, Marjorie found a picture that, she has said, led her to a seemingly impossible conclusion. Her specimen bore similarities to a prehistoric fish, particularly in the structure of the head and the tri-lobed shape of the tail. She made a rather crude sketch of the creature, which she mailed, along with a description, to Professor J.L.B. Smith, a forty one- year-old persnickety chemistry teacher with a locally well-known passion for fish, at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, some fifty miles south of East London. Smith, however, was away for Christmas holidays, correcting exams at his seaside getaway. Meanwhile, Courtenay’s museum director in East London was not impressed with the find. He dismissed the fish as a common rock cod- a grouper! But on January 3, 1939, Miss Latimer heard back from Smith in a now famous cable: “MOST IMPORTANT PRESERVE SKELETON AND GILLS = FISH DESCRIBED.” However, in an attempt to preserve the fish by mounting it, the innards had been discarded. A search for them in the museum and town trash bins proved fruitless. Even photographs taken of the preparation had somehow been spoiled. Smith, anxiously biding his time, wondering how he could incorporate the possibility of such a discovery into an already overloaded dual career, did not arrive at the East London museum until February 16. The professor, a thin wiry man of about 5’7″, sporting, as was his custom, a close-cropped crew cut, khaki bush shorts and sandals, viewed the mounted specimen, exclaiming, according to one account, “I always knew somewhere or somehow, a primitive fish of this nature would appear.” Smith identified the fish immediately as a coelacanth, that is as a member of what must be a still living coelacanth species. The fish would soon be called the “most important zoological find of the century” (an accolade that might now go to the Martian microfossils if they check out.) A living dinosaur, it was said, would be no more amazing than this incredible discovery. After a local newspaper reporter was allowed to take a single photograph of the mounted coelacanth, the picture soon appeared around the world. Smith, Courtenay-Latimer, and the coelacanth became overnight celebrities. When a public viewing for one day only was arranged, 20,000 visitors are said to have shown up. Live specimens of the fish were eventually observed and found. It is a beautiful fish, primeval in appearance, like something that more belongs to the Jurassic Age. If we stretch the concept a bit, we could apply the Lazarus idea to ancient books and manuscripts. I told the story in Stoic Paradoxes of the discovery of Cicero’s lost work De re publica. In 1820, an Italian Jesuit scholar named Angelo Mai stumbled on an old palimpsest in the Vatican Library. A palimpsest is a parchment writing that has been cleaned off and reused. Parchment was expensive in the Middle Ages and it was not uncommon for monks and scribes to sponge off old writings and reconfigure the parchment for new copying. Mai used chemical techniques (that modern conservationists would be horrified at) to recover the old writing; the nearly complete text was published in 1822 and 1826. I recently finished a book on the recovery and preservation of the so-called Archimedes Palimpsest. Its story is perhaps the most harrowing and remarkable in the history of the written word. Archimedes, the reader will be reminded, was the greatest scientist of the ancient world and among the most original geniuses in history. One of his most important treatises was copied in the early medieval period, but around the 1220s this codex was scraped off and reused for a religious text. (Ancient science held no interest for monks). The codex made its way to Constantinople and in the last nineteenth century was observed by several people. Eventually a German scholar named Johan Heiberg saw the codex for what it was, and realized that it contained several works by Archimedes long thought to have been lost. It must have been a moment beyond the power of words to describe. Even after the book was discovered, it was nearly lost during the political chaos that consumed Turkey and the Near East after the First World War. Imagine how agonizing it would have been to lose the work again after rediscovering it after two thousand years. One wonders what other lost treasures are out there, buried in libraries under piles of dust, or sitting neglected in some attic or basement. The missing books of Tacitus’s Historiae or Annales? Only time will tell. Petrarch mentions in his letters that he had seen and examined Cicero’s lost work De gloria (On Glory). This was in the fourteenth century. If so, the work was lost again between 1350 and today. We do not have it. Did Petrarch actually have the work, or was he mistaken? We do not know. Maybe it will turn up some day in the Vatican Library. Or maybe it is lost forever. We should always be on the lookout for rare and precious things. It doesn’t matter what they are: animals, plants, books, people, anything. It is a precious thing to be a Lazarus taxon: that is, something brought back from the dead. And to be its re-animator would be more incredible still. I was at a museum last week and read on a placard at one of the exhibits that the ancient Hindus believed a man achieved more credit in heaven by restoring an old temple than by building a new one. And I thought, yes, I agree with this.
You asked: Do alcoholics lose brain cells? Alcohol doesn’t kill brain cells, but it does have both short- and long-term effects on your brain, even in moderate amounts. Going out for happy hour a few nights a month likely won’t cause any long-term damage. But if you find yourself drinking heavily or binge drinking often, consider reaching out for help. Can alcohol permanently damage your brain? Do brain cells regenerate after alcohol? The research found that new cell growth took place in the brain’s hippocampus with as little as four to five weeks of alcohol abstinence, including a “twofold burst” in brain cell growth on the seventh day of being alcohol-free. What does alcoholism do to the brain? Alcohol has a profound effect on the complex structures of the brain. It blocks chemical signals between brain cells (called neurons), leading to the common immediate symptoms of intoxication, including impulsive behavior, slurred speech, poor memory, and slowed reflexes. IT IS INTERESTING: Why do they call it wood alcohol? Do brain cells die from alcohol? The short answer: No. Drinking alcohol doesn’t kill brain cells. While research by some investigators suggests that alcohol exposure can result in neuronal cell death, many experts say that alcohol doesn’t truly kill brain cells. How do you know if you have brain damage from alcohol? What happens to your mind when you stop drinking? Alcohol use overloads the brain with dopamine, while also reducing the brain’s dopamine receptors in the process. When you first quit drinking, the lack of dopamine and diminished receptors can lead to feelings of sadness and hopelessness. Does alcohol lower IQ? Can alcohol memory loss be reversed? If the symptoms of memory loss due to alcohol abuse are recognized early enough, it is possible to reverse the effects. Lost memories will never return, but the ability to form new memories can be restored. Do brain cells grow back? IT IS INTERESTING: Frequent question: Can you use isopropyl alcohol on a screen? Does alcoholism cause dementia? Excessive alcohol consumption over a lengthy time period can lead to brain damage, and may increase your risk of developing dementia. However, drinking alcohol in moderation has not been conclusively linked to an increased dementia risk, nor has it been shown to offer significant protection against developing dementia. What is considered heavy drinking? Does alcohol cause forgetfulness? How do you kill brain cells? Physical damage to the brain and other parts of the central nervous system can also kill or disable neurons. – Blows to the brain, or the damage caused by a stroke, can kill neurons outright or slowly starve them of the oxygen and nutrients they need to survive. How long does alcohol stay in your brain? A blood alcohol level of 0.08, the legal limit for drinking, takes around five and a half hours to leave your system. Become free
Where Do T Lymphocytes And B Lymphocytes Develop Immunocompetence? These lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the primary lymphoid organs: thymus, for the T lymphocytes and bursa of Fabricius (in birds), on its equivalent (in mammals), for B lymphocytes. Where do B lymphocytes develop Immunocompetence? bone marrow B-lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the bone marrow. Where do T lymphocytes develop Immunocompetence quizlet? the thymus T-lymphocytes complete their maturation in the thymus to form naive T-lymphocytes that are immunocompetent. Where do B lymphocytes develop Immunocompetence quizlet? B lymphocytes (B cells) develop immunocompetence in the bone marrow. Where do T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes differentiate? Both T cells and B cells are produced in the bone marrow. The T cells migrate to the thymus for maturation. Both T cells and B cells are involved in recognizing pathogens and other harmful, foreign materials inside the body such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and dead cells. Sep 19, 2017 Where do B lymphocytes mature? bone marrow The B Cell: B cells mature in the bone marrow or in the lymph node. Bone Marrow: Mature B cells express antibodies on their surface, which are specific for a particular antigen. Where do T lymphocytes get their Immunocompetence? Where do T lymphocytes develop? T lymphocytes develop from a common lymphoid progenitor in the bone marrow that also gives rise to B lymphocytes, but those progeny destined to give rise to T cells leave the bone marrow and migrate to the thymus (see Fig. 7.2). This is the reason they are called thymus-dependent (T) lymphocytes or T cells. How does a lymphocyte exhibit Immunocompetence? How does a lymphocyte exhibit immunocompetence? ... A primary response results when naive lymphocytes are activated, while a secondary response is a result of activating memory cells. How do T cells become activated? Where are B cells produced? bone marrow Produced in the bone marrow, B cells migrate to the spleen and other secondary lymphoid tissues where they mature and differentiate into immunocompetent B cells. Part of the adaptive immune system, B cells are responsible for generating antibodies to specific antigens, which they bind via B cell receptors (BCR). What lymphoid organ produces hormones that affect lymphocyte function? the Thymus Thymosin: The Hormone of the Thymus Thymosin stimulates the development of T cells. Throughout your childhood years, white blood cells called lymphocytes pass through the thymus, where they are transformed into T cells. Jun 10, 2014 What substance is responsible for selecting the cell that will be cloned in the clonal selection of B cells? antigen In clonal selection, an antigen is presented to many circulating naive B and (via MHC) T cells, and the lymphocytes that match the antigen are selected to form both memory and effector clones of themselves. What do B lymphocytes do? What do B lymphocytes differentiate into? When stimulated by antigen, B cells undergo a series of changes in cell surface structures and in functional capabilities and differentiate into plasma cells. Plasma cells, the final stage in B cell differentiation, secrete large amounts of immunoglobulin. What are B and T lymphocytes? How long do B lymphocytes live? Such studies have largely resolved the issue, concluding that about 85% of peripheral B cells are phenotypically mature and display first-order exponential kinetics defined by a half-life of 5-6 weeks, whilst the remainder are short-lived with a life span of several days. How are B lymphocytes activated? How do lymphocytes mature? Inside the bone marrow, blood stem cells divide and mature to make new blood cells. During this process, the cells become either lymphocytes (a kind of white blood cell) or other blood-forming cells. These other blood-forming cells mature into red blood cells, white blood cells (other than lymphocytes), or platelets. May 10, 2018 How do lymphocytes die? Instead of being activated by binding antigen, the immature lymphocytes are induced to either alter their receptors or die by apoptosis. How lymphocytes kill pathogens? Some pathogens produce toxins which make you feel ill. Lymphocytes can also produce antitoxins to neutralise these toxins. Both the antibodies and antitoxins are highly specific to the antigen on the pathogen, therefore the lymphocytes that produce them are called specific. What does lymphocyte mean? Lymphocytes are white blood cells that are also one of the body's main types of immune cells. They are made in the bone marrow and found in the blood and lymph tissue. The immune system is a complex network of cells known as immune cells that include lymphocytes. What are the 4 types of T cells? Cytotoxic T cell - Adaptive CD8+ immune cell that kill infected cells when activated. Dendritic cell - A type of antigen presenting cell that processes pathogens and foreign proteins. Presents peptides to T cells. Helper T cell - Adaptive CD4+ immune cell that produces cytokines when activated. May 6, 2018 Are T cells white blood cells? T cells are a type of white blood cell called lymphocytes. These cells fight off diseases. The two categories of lymphocytes are T cells and B cells. The T cells respond to viral infections and boost immune function of other cells, while the B cells fight bacterial infections. What are T lymphocytes function? A type of white blood cell. T lymphocytes are part of the immune system and develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. They help protect the body from infection and may help fight cancer. Also called T cell and thymocyte. What protein can be released by infected cells? Which of the areas seen in the figure must be occupied by T lymphocytes at least for a while but is not required for the production of B lymphocytes? Which of the areas seen the figure must be occupied by T lymphocytes, at least for a while, but is NOT required for the production of B lymphocytes? **The thymus and the hormone thymosin are required for the maturation of T lymphocytes. What is the name of the unique area specific region that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to? epitope Hint: This cell would be part of humoral immunity. What is the name of the unique area (specific region) that a lymphocyte recognizes and binds to? Hint: This area is also called an epitope. What type of immunity can be transferred by bodily fluids from one person to another, thus conferring immunity to the recipient? How can I increase my T cells naturally? Healthy ways to strengthen your immune system Don't smoke. Eat a diet high in fruits and vegetables. Exercise regularly. Maintain a healthy weight. If you drink alcohol, drink only in moderation. Get adequate sleep. Take steps to avoid infection, such as washing your hands frequently and cooking meats thoroughly. More items... • Feb 15, 2021 Why are there many types of B and T cells? An important difference between T-cells and B-cells is that B-cells can connect to antigens right on the surface of the invading virus or bacteria. This is different from T-cells, which can only connect to virus antigens on the outside of infected cells. Your body has up to 10 billion different B-cells. What is the first signal in T cell activation? T cells require two signals to become fully activated. A first signal, which is antigen-specific, is provided through the T cell receptor (TCR) which interacts with peptide-MHC molecules on the membrane of antigen presenting cells (APC). Where are B lymphocytes found in the body? B lymphocytes can be found in primary lymphoid tissues, such as the bone marrow and ileal Peyer's patches (a primary lymphoid tissue in some species because it is the site of B lymphocyte development, rather than the bone marrow), and in secondary lymphoid tissues, such as the spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, and Peyer's ... Where do B lymphocytes come from? Both B and T lymphocytes originate in the bone marrow but only B lymphocytes mature there; T lymphocytes migrate to the thymus to undergo their maturation. Thus B lymphocytes are so-called because they are bone marrow derived, and T lymphocytes because they are thymus derived. Are B cells in the blood? After they mature, B-cells are present in your blood and certain parts of your body such as in your lymph nodes. There are two main types of lymphocytes: T-cells and B-cells. Does lymph carry nutrients and hormones? This system transports lymph throughout the body. Lymph is formed from fluid that seeps through the thin walls of capillaries into the body's tissues. This fluid contains oxygen, proteins, and other nutrients that nourish the tissues. Can you live without a thymus? The thymus "trains" cells to become T-cells, white blood cells that fight infection. Since children without a thymus don't produce T-cells, they're at great risk for developing infections. Without medical intervention, few children with complete DiGeorge Syndrome live to age 1 and none live past age 3. Jul 31, 2003 What Hormone Does the thymus gland produce? The thymus produces all our T cells before we become teenagers. It gradually becomes less active and eventually gets smaller and is replaced by fat tissue. The thymus also produces a hormone called thymosin that helps make and develop T cells. Is the example of clonal selection? Clonal selection theory of lymphocytes: 1) A hematopoietic stem cell undergoes differentiation and genetic rearrangement to produce 2) immature lymphocytes with many different antigen receptors. Those that bind to 3) antigens from the body's own tissues are destroyed, while the rest mature into 4) inactive lymphocytes. What is clonal expansion of B cells? Clonal expansion is the process by which daughter cells arise from a parent cell. During B cell clonal expansion, many copies of that B cell are produced that share affinity with and specificity of the same antigen. What does clonal mean? (klōn) 1. A group of cells or organisms that are descended from and genetically identical to a single progenitor, such as a bacterial colony whose members arose from a single original cell. How many types of B lymphocytes are there? two types There are two types of lymphocytes - B-cells and T-cells. Both of these cells are continually produced in the bone marrow. These cells are not involved in the immune response until they are fully developed. Mar 12, 2013 What is the role of B lymphocytes in the defense of the body? B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype. They function in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system by secreting antibodies. ... BCRs allow the B cell to bind to a specific antigen, against which it will initiate an antibody response. Are B cells white blood cells? B cells are a type of lymphocyte that are responsible for the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system. These white blood cells produce antibodies, which play a key part in immunity. Each B cell contains a single round nucleus. How do B lymphocytes produce antibodies? Antibodies are produced by specialized white blood cells called B lymphocytes (or B cells). When an antigen binds to the B-cell surface, it stimulates the B cell to divide and mature into a group of identical cells called a clone. What are the 5 types of lymphocytes? Five types of lymphocytes (Ig-theta-, Ig-theta+weak, Ig-theta+strong, Ig+theta- and Ig+theta+) characterized by double immunofluorescence and electrophoretic mobility. Is lymphocytes 42 normal? Lymphocytes normally represent 20% to 40% of circulating white blood cells. When the percentage of lymphocytes exceeds 40%, it is recognized as relative lymphocytosis. ... Lymphocytosis Specialty Hematology 2 more rows What percentage of lymphocytes are B cells? Lymphocytes in human circulating blood are approximately 80 to 90 percent T cells, shown in Figure 1, and 10 to 20 percent B cells. What will happen if lymphocytes count is high? High lymphocyte blood levels indicate your body is dealing with an infection or other inflammatory condition. Most often, a temporarily high lymphocyte count is a normal effect of your body's immune system working. Sometimes, lymphocyte levels are elevated because of a serious condition, like leukemia. Mar 29, 2018 What does a lymphocyte look like? Lymphocytes can look like monocytes, except that lymphocytes do not have a kidney-bean shaped shaped nucleus, and lymphocytes are usually smaller. Larger lymphocytes are commonly activated lymphocytes. They have a small spherical nucleus and has abundant dark staining condensed chromatin. Do memory B cells last forever? Lifespan. Memory B cells can survive for decades, which gives them the capacity to respond to multiple exposures to the same antigen. The long-lasting survival is hypothesized to be a result of certain anti-apoptosis genes that are more highly expressed in memory B cells than other subsets of B cells. What happens after a lymphocyte becomes activated? Called also B cells. B lymphocytes are involved in humoral immunity, the secretion of antibodies. A mature B lymphocyte can be activated by the binding of an antigen to cell surface receptors. This induces proliferation of the cell, resulting in a clone of cells specific for that antigen. How are B cells and T cells activated? T cell receptors (TCR) on T helper cells bind to the antigen-complexed class II MHC molecule on the B cell surface resulting in T cell activation. The activated T cell then provides a second activation signal to the B cell, which can occur through a variety of proteins. What do B lymphocytes make? B lymphocytes produce antibodies - proteins (gamma globulins) that recognize foreign substances (antigen) and attach themselves to them. B lymphocytes (or B cells) are each programmed to make one specific antibody. Are there lymphocytes in bone marrow? All lymphocytes develop in the bone marrow from immature cells called stem cells. Lymphocytes that mature in the thymus gland (behind the breastbone) are called T-cells. Those that mature in the bone marrow or lymphatic organs are called B-cells. Dec 15, 2017 How long do lymphocytes live for? Most lymphocytes are short-lived, with an average life span of a week to a few months, but a few live for years, providing a pool of long-lived T and B cells. These cells account for immunologic “memory,” a more rapid, vigorous response to a second encounter with the same antigen. Are lymphocytes natural killer cells? Natural Killer (NK) Cells are lymphocytes in the same family as T and B cells, coming from a common progenitor. However, as cells of the innate immune system, NK cells are classified as group I Innate Lymphocytes (ILCs) and respond quickly to a wide variety of pathological challenges. When should I be concerned about low lymphocytes? Lymphocytopenia, also referred to as lymphopenia, occurs when your lymphocyte count in your bloodstream is lower than normal. Severe or chronic low counts can indicate a possible infection or other signficant illness and should be investigated by your doctor. Lymphocytes are a kind of white blood cell. Feb 14, 2018 What is the difference between white blood cells and lymphocytes? Lymphocytes are a kind of white blood cell (WBC). Lymphocytes are cells of the immune system and help fight infection. Lymphocytes live in lymph nodes, but also in the bloodstream and all over the body. Jan 3, 2020 What is the body's largest lymphatic organ? 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How long was the Philippines a US colony? When did the Philippines stop being a US colony? How long was the Philippines a Spanish colony? Philippines Under Spanish Rule, 1571-1898. How many years is martial law in the Philippines? This 14-year period in Philippine history is remembered for the administration’s record of human rights abuses, particularly targeting political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship. Did the United States own the Philippines? The history of the Philippines from 1898 to 1946 began with the outbreak of the Spanish–American War in April 1898, when the Philippines was still a colony of the Spanish East Indies, and concluded when the United States formally recognized the independence of the Republic of the Philippines on July 4, 1946. Why did the US let the Philippines go? It was determined that given the size and population of the Philippine islands – which had 10 million people living in it at the time – it simply could not be maintained as a dependency like Puerto Rico. If it was going to be part of America, it HAD to be a state or even multiple states. THIS IS AMAZING: Which app does Philippines use? What is the greatest contribution of America to the Philippines? One such policy was the introduction of the American system of education, and so pervasive and far-reaching was its impact and influence on the life and culture of the Filipino during and after the colonial period that it is generally regarded as the “greatest contribution” of American colonialism in the Philippines. What is the old name of Philippines? Why did Spain rule the Philippines? What happens when martial law is declared in the Philippines? Typically, the imposition of martial law accompanies curfews, the suspension of civil law, civil rights, habeas corpus, and the application or extension of military law or military justice to civilians. … Civilians defying martial law may be subjected to military tribunals (court-martial). What is the purpose of martial law? The purpose of imposing martial law is to restore order and/or preserve the current government of a country. Citizens who defy martial law may be subject to trial in a military court rather than the usual civil or criminal courts. THIS IS AMAZING: Your question: When was the last time a volcano erupted in Indonesia? How does martial law affect the economy? Prices of consumer goods were supposedly more stable shortly after martial law because of Marcos’ Kadiwa rolling stores. … The same story is evident with inflation, which fell shortly after martial law was declared. It dropped from 14.4 percent in September 1972 to only 4.8 percent in December that year.
Awarded as the best online publication by CIDC Marine Works For typical pile bents in marine piers, how is vertical loads related to horizontal capacity of the pile bents? Let’s consider a pile bent with a top slab supported by two ranking piles, each inclining at an equal angle to the pier slab. In designing such a system, truss action is normally adopted to analyze the pile bent. When the reaction forces of these piles, horizontal forces (e.g. due to berthing and deberthing of vessels) and vertical forces (e.g. superimposed deck loads) are analyzed by drawing a force polygon, it is noted that lateral resistance of the pile bent is dependent on the vertical load, i.e. lateral resistance is small when vertical loads are high. Why “inadequate pile founding level” commonly occurs in piles of piers? The most severe load on piers generally is the horizontal load due to berthing and mooring of large vessels. The design of piers is taken as an example to illustrate the importance of adequate pile founding level. Since the widths of open berth piers are relatively small so that they provide a short lever arm to counteract the moment induced by berthing loads. Can soil plug be removed in marine piling system of steel tubular pile with reinforced concrete infill? During initial driving process, open-ended steel piles are driven through the soils at their bases. However, shaft friction will gradually develop between the steel piles and soils inside piles at some time after pile driving. The hitting action of driving hammers induces forces to the soil and later it comes to a stage when the inertial forces of inside soils, together with the internal frictional forces exceeds the bearing capacity of soils at pile toes. Consequently, the soil plug formed is brought down by the piles. What is the significance of reinforced concrete infill in marine piling system of steel tubular pile with reinforced concrete infill? Reinforced concrete is designed to fill the void space inside the steel tubular piles from pile cap to a certain distance below seabed. As mentioned earlier, steel tubular piles above seabed level is assumed in design to be completely corroded when approaching the end of design life. As such, loads from pile caps are transferred directly to reinforced concrete infill instead of steel tubular piles. Why are sleeves often installed inside the lower part of open-ended driven piles? In marine piles, open-ended piles are more often used than close-ended piles to enhance longer length of piles installed. This is essential to provide better lateral resistance against berthing loads and other lateral loads in marine structures.
Wednesday 19th of January 2022 نفر 0 Divine Virtues in the Family and Society True Concept of Piety The literal infinitive and root of the abstract Arabic noun TAQWA, which has the most beautiful and original meaning, is "WQY". WAQAYA means self-control, being fearful and protecting one's self from all divinely prohibited actions. Actually the word WAQAYA means the spirit, power and ability attained by the practice of giving up sinning, by practicing abstinence and by self-restraint against committing sins. keeping the soul's control over sin and forbidden pleasures. Trying to be pious and acquire the spirit of self-control in the face of sin is the best step to be taken in life; and amongst all actions is the action most approved of. Trying to acquire piety is actually the practice of worshipping God: the worship which God has instructed humankind to perform. This kind of worship includes a program which will undoubtedly please God.5. The philosophy behind physical, financial and moral worship is the cognition of piety by a true believer. Any type of worship, movement or action which does not result in piety is not to be considered worshipping at all. A society is a combination of thousands of families and one family consists of one wife, one husband and a number of offspring. Actually the building blocks of the family and society are individuals. If each and every individual has developed the spirit of piety, we shall have healthy families and a superior society. The family will be an environment in which internal peace and safety from the external world govern. In this type of family there is room enough for the individuals to fully develop. As a result we shall have a society in which all individuals are sources of benefit for each other and everyone is safe from others’ mischief and harm. The pious people are loved by God and are divinely favored by the Prophets and religious leaders (the Imams): they are practically generous and productive beings. The pious ones are people of fine character and heavenly morality having angel-like faces, and lack evil spirits. The individual's, the family's and the society's reputations depend on the existence of saintly piety, and no individual, family or society is more worthy to God than the pious one. The harm caused by wives, husbands, fathers, mothers, children and society's individuals to each other is the direct result of irreligiousness. The terrible fear that people in families and societies have of each other is the bitter fruit of ungodliness. The ample damage done to the affairs of people's lives results from the lack of piety.Actually, it is a divine necessity for husbands and wives to be beautified with piety so as to have a healthy society. And it is also necessary that the parents pass on this beneficial, divine desire to their offspring. From the very beginning of training their children, parents must make sure to develop the basic environment for piety. How praiseworthy it is to pay attention to the abundant benefits of the Quranic verses and religious traditions on piety; and then begin to evaluate their benefits! Look at the truth of the matter in this way: if all young women and men were God-fearing, and made arrangements of marriage with an angelic capital of piety, what wonderful families and societies would be established! Piety and Its Praiseworthy Degrees The enlightened ones and those who according to the Quran show insight and have made spiritual journeys mention three degrees of piety. I - Outstanding Piety II - Especial Piety III - Ordinary Piety In a very notable tradition Imam Sadiq (Pbuh) explained these three degrees in the following manner: I - Outstanding Piety The first degree of piety is being completely absorbed by Allah and consists of the individual abstaining from religiously lawful things and actions, much more the religiously doubtful things and actions. II - Especial Piety (In Awe of Allah) The second degree of piety is "In Awe of Allah" meaning the individual abstains from all religiously doubtful things and actions, much more the prohibited ones. III - Ordinary Piety The third degree of piety results from fear of Hell's punishment and God's painful Wrath. This degree consists of abstaining from all sins and forbidden things and actions. [Mava'ez al-’Addadiyi, p.180]. Of course, the meaning of abstaining from religiously lawful things and actions expressed in Imam Sadiq's statement has the following meaning: those having this type of piety do not pursue many of the religiously lawful affairs since they feel they do not require them. And concerning the lawful necessities they require for subsistence, they observe the utmost frugality. The power to be contented is practicable for everyone, and if anyone denies it, the excuse will not be accepted. Being contented with what is religiously lawful and limiting the materialistic affairs of life are moral actions and approved of programs providing the environment for the realization of angelic piety in all affairs. Hajji Sabzevary and Moderation In order to preach Islam I traveled to the town of Sabzevar (Iran) in 1983 where I inquired about whereabouts of the family of the Great Sage and Noble mystic Hajji Mulla-Hady Sabzevary. I was told that one of his great grandchildren lives in this town. He was wise, knowledgeable, knew philosophy and had interpreted the Quran twice for the people of the mosque of which he is the Imam.6 I rushed to visit him and his appearance, morality, style of living and his encounters with others displayed a perspective of Hajji 's pure life. I asked him about his noble great-grandfather. He described amazing issues about his plans and life conditions and said that Hajji was respected by all scholarly, political personages. He said people would rush to him from far away places to benefit from his knowledge, but he lived in real moderation concerning his food, clothing and housing. Sometimes, observing cleanliness, he would wear his clothes for nearly ten years patching them when necessary as this is the practice of the Prophet Muhammad (Pbuh) and that of God's Saints. Luxury-Loving and Wastefulness According to Allah, these two acts are satanic and due to one's selfish and carnal desires. What prohibits man from abiding by God's limits for life? More specifically, if man were more content he would have an easier life, less stress and insecurity. Once man's physical needs can be met with a reasonable house, a normal vehicle and sufficient food and clothing, we should avoid keeping up with the Joneses. We should get used to normal expenditures, and avoid extra expenditures and obtaining what is considered luxurious and fashionable. We should not use the West as a model for our life-style. They themselves are plagued with many errors. Industry and technology should not make us think that whatever they say and write is correct and that their lifestyle is in accordance with reality. What is important in the Islamic religion is the well-being of the soul and body, the neighborhoods, towns, cities and regions. What is paid attention to in this culture considering material, spiritual and personal affairs, and social faith and ethics is for the good of man in this world and the Hereafter. The pure Islamic culture and school for refining human beings scorns wastefulness, luxury-loving, making heavy expenditures, ornamenting the outward appearance of one's life without considering moderation and economizing on expenses. This even applies to the matter of building a mosque being the Muslims' place of worship. Mosques must be adorned with the utmost spirituality inwardly, and be ornamented outwardly in the simplest way so that hearts may not be tempted and souls not be separated from Allah. Provide yourself with simple clothing, however, observe the etiquette for wearing it. Attain your essential foodstuffs but observe the good manners of eating. One may buy an appropriate vehicle of transportation according to his/her social status but the driving regulations should not be ignored. Purchase a house for yourself, but not one which will enslave your soul. All of the above are the results of piety, abstinence and paying attention to God. The Jewish and Christian lifestyles - considering housing and furnishings, transportation vehicles, clothing, foodstuffs and other luxuries - are entangled in wastefulness. The Christian churches and Jewish synagogues are adorned with gold, jewels and other ornaments as well as devices, instruments, statues, antiques, tableaux and couches costing millions of dollars. The lifestyles of the Jewish rabbis and Christian clergymen, even that of their leader the Pope is entangled in wastefulness and extravagant expenditures causing one's eyes to pop out. If the personal hat and clothing of the Pope were sold, millions of starving people could be saved from hunger. Amassing great amounts of wealth, usury, great robberies even in broad daylight and a thousand other notoriously disgraceful plans are the deeds of God's enemies. God's friends must accustom themselves to God's consent and protect themselves from extravagant expenditures and wastefulness. All these facts are generated and maintained by piety. A home decorated with piety and a pious couple could actually possess a divine treasure and heavenly capital. Their life is richly blessed with happiness, peace and friendliness as well as comfort, security, health, righteousness, justice, nobility, benevolence and truth. One's home and place of worship must be such that one can feel at peace and be secure; and it should be a place to get closer to God. In short, we must establish our lives based on piety and moderation - considering God and the Hereafter - so as to please God and obtain the good of the Hereafter. Even today one can live on a meager income if one is pious and content. Of course, in case a problem should arise and the believer could not handle it on his low income, it is the duty of the believers to assist their brother immediately and save him from suffering any hardships. Let's Invite Each Other to Piety Signs of the Pious Using the Quranic verses and religious traditions, religious authorities consider the following to be signs of the pious: a)Learning enough of the religious sciences necessary for his actions, morality, business deals and relations with family members and the society b)Protecting his body's health by using hygienic measures and observing good etiquette while eating and drinking c)Resorting to one's intellect in daily affairs and being honest in all aspects of life d)Having modesty, not lying as well as maintaining good temper and not being wicked e)Not being a hypocrite and hating extra material goods f)Not being deceitful, making excuses or committing treason g)Honoring the virtuous and the wise h)Carrying out one's religious duties, including the obligatory and supererogatory acts. i)Following divine scholars since they teach man what is forbidden and what is allowed in God's relogion, and only except man's progress Imam Sadiq (Pbuh) stated the following concerning the fact that one must follow the divine scholars: A sign of a liar is that he informs you of issues in the Heavens and the Earth, but when asked about the religiously lawful and forbidden, he has no answer to give. [Usul al-Kafi, v.2. p.340; Muhjat ul-Biyza, v.5, p.140] Some other signs of the pious ones are: 1)Patience in the face of terrible events 2)Observing the Islamic customs and principles of morality in all affairs 3)Diligence in making supplications 4)Perseverance in intellectual affairs The pious should have sincere intentions and be pure in soul. They should progress to the stage of knowledge of certainty, then to the stage of reality of certainty, and then to the truth of certainty. A Pious Man and Wife A pious man never uses any means, except the lawful ones, and never accepts any unlawfully made money, in order to earn his living. Thus, he respects the rights of all with whom he deals, and no one is harmed by his activities outside the home. He does not get involved in what is religiously unlawful due to his piety and does not lose the treasure of purity of his soul and contentment. When a pious man has finished working and returns home, he leaves all his tiredness at the door-step and enters the house in a cheerful, delightful state. He smiles kindly at his wife and tells her to relax after working all day at cleaning, cooking and caring for the children. He praises her and faces her with kindness, paying respect to each one according to his/her position in the family. Once in a while, a pious man reminds his family members about the religiously lawful and forbidden, virtue and vice, good and evil deeds and does not let them forget religious issues. A pious man does not spend all his time outside of home, and does not limit his happiness and laughter just to his circle of friends. Also he does not excessively attend the mosque and religious ceremonies. A pious man notes that Islam has instructed us to be moderate and consider economy in all aspects of life, even in worship. Islam has even prohibited us from usurping the rights of our wife and children under the pretext of visiting our friends or attending ceremonies. At this point, I must remind my respectable colleagues who are in charge of mosques and religious ceremonies to shorten the duration of religious programs. A congregation prayer and an hour of preaching should suffice, as this was the practice of the Prophet (Pbuh) and the Noble Imams. They raised great men and women in a short time and with brief sermons. Worshipping in excess, especially in regards to the supererogatory acts, and drawing on and on the meetings, will bore the listeners. Gradually this will cause a psychological complex in the listener concerning religious programs. The only result of this is the harm done to the mosque and religious clubs as well as to the people, especially those with a low tolerance. Anyway, a pious man will observe the proper etiquette in all aspects of life. In this way, he will help to establish a fine family and attract his family's kindness to himself. The pious wife protects her chastity, innocence and purity and eagerly does the housework. She prepares the means for her husband's comfort and helps him to relax as he is tired from work outside the home. She cares for her children in the most honorable way and behaves with her husband and children within the limits of Islamic morality. She does not forget to worship God daily and makes the home the center of love, kindness, eagerness and delight. The pious woman, by relying on the divine Islamic principles, follows her husband's orders. She avoids getting angry and encounters her husband's kinsmen with kindness and Islamic morality. When her husband comes from his work, she is at the door to welcome him. When he leaves for work, she sees him off and requests him to bring home only the lawful goods. She says that she will be content with the lawful goods, even if they are meager, and will not accept the responsibility of unlawful goods. Do not exceed the limits set by God to obtain unlawful wealth under the pretext of being married or having children and a lot of expenses. The pious woman does not try to keep up with the Joneses causing her husband to be embarrassed because she wants the same things his kin have or hers does. Such a pious couple are approved of by God, are a source of goodness and a good example of divine human beings. In the shade of this couple, the kind of family which God likes, is created. In any case, the husband and wife take care of each other in all of life affairs based on the Islamic wisdom and laws, just as God's Saints did. Exemplary Shopkeeper My maternal grandfather told me that once he and his friends traveled from the Khansar region near Isfahan to visit the holy shrine of Imam Reza (Pbuh). This happened in the old days when people used to travel on quadrupeds. He was in charge of shopping in Damghan city. Early in the morning, he entered a shop to buy some goods. Since he was a pilgrim, the shopkeeper invited him in and started serving him. At the same time someone entered the shop to purchase goods and intended to buy a lot. The shopkeeper asked him to cross the street and purchase from the store opposite his shop, so the man left the store. My grandfather said he got surprised and asked the shopkeeper the reason. He replied that earlier that morning he had seen the other shopkeeper in a sad mood. When questioned why he was so sad, he stated that he had a debt to be repaid on that day, but business was bad. The shopkeeper said he could not remain indifferent, so he sent his customer to shop from that poor man's store. Possibly in this way he could pay back his debt. Believers should support each other. Everyone should support his/her friends. Especially, a husband should support his wife and a wife should support her husband so that their life is established on the basis of divine and humane principles yielding noble children. spray scent in your house at the time of morning prayer by reading the Quran. Your heavenly recital of the Holy Quran will affect your wife and children, and they will become better acquainted with worship services and God willing the true message of the Quran and will become benevolent and pious. The Lofty Goals behind Marriage in Islam God doth wish to lighten your (difficulties). [Holy Quran: Nisaa 4:28] An Honorable Household If a young adult or an adult man or woman does not marry, it seems to be rather impossible to remain chaste and free of corruption. It is a difficult problem to find a young adult out of millions, not married, yet be chaste and sinless. If we find a youth who is truly chaste and not married, then we may say she/he is one of God's Saints. Avoiding commitment of sins, remaining immune from corruption, being safe from the outburst of the instincts, and not being married at the same time is something only the Prophet Joseph could do. A house in which an unmarried man and a woman live is not safe from corruption. If the man has no wife and the woman no husband, and their sexual instincts are alive with the pressure of lust, then those two have various mental, family and social problems and live in corruption. Marriage is a natural and divine law. It makes some problems easier to solve which are concerned with keeping the youth chaste and pious. The establishment of a household in society must be founded on a healthy and peaceful basis. The couple live together by marrying and respecting each other's rights. Wherever a Muslim household is established it must be based on God's revelation and in the remembrance of Him day and night. (Lit is such a Light) In houses, which God Hath permitted to be raised to honor; for the celebration, In them, of His name: in them is He glorified in the mornings and In the evenings, (again and again), [Holy Quran: Nur 24:36] In such a house, with such attributes, one finds a household of believers in which worshipping God flourishes. God has ordered a marriage to take place there and the couple obeys all divine, humane laws. The Glorious Quran orders that marriage should take place so that a man and a woman's problems are solved through the realization of this tradition and they - being the future teachers of some children - will remain incorruptible. A man and his wife establish a mutual life. Being in harmony with each other they make a home for God's remembrance. In such a house, the couple are real servants of God and their offspring are the fruits of virtue. Their behavior and morality are signs of divine etiquette and the traditions of the Prophets. When a believing couple get married, they both feel responsible to follow the divine laws. They find each other to be a helper to the other. They are two loving friends, two intimate companions, two sources of faith and two pillars of love and kindness. Thus they protect life from difficulties. If a difficulty should arise, they solve it easily and confront it with the arms of patience and fortitude. The Worst People Living in seclusion and not having a companion leads to many difficulties. It causes depression, despondency, nervous disorders and all types of mental and physical disorders. Being alone causes one to enter the world of imagination and vain thoughts and succumb to mental and moral illnesses. The Prophet (Pbuh) said: Most of the People of the Fire on the Day of Judgment are those who refused to marry and start a family."[Marriage in Islam, p.26] Also the Prophet (Pbuh) said: The worst of your dead ones are the celibates. [Bihar al-Anwar, v.100, pp.220-221] In another tradition he mentioned: The most ignoble of your dead ones are the celibates. [Ibid] In a wise speech he said: The most Satanic ones amongst you are the celibates. Celibacy is the brother of Satan.[Ibid] In some heavenly words he said: The best of my nation are the married ones and the worst are the celibates.[Ibid] The Prophet (Pbuh) also said: If the dead celibates return to this world, they will surely marry. [Marriage in Islam, p.27] And in another tradition the Prophet (Pbuh) said: God curses the man who refuses to take a wife. [Ibid] Why does the Noble Prophet of Islam interpret the celibates to be dwellers of the Fire, ignoble ones, brothers of Satan, the wicked, the seditious, and the cursed? This is because those who do not marry are forced into corruption, sedition, sin and make problems for their society and the family. In all aspects of life, they cause a lot of trouble. According to the Quranic verses and Prophetic traditions, marriage endows humans with nobleness and respectfulness. Marriage keeps man safe from wickedness and God's punishment. It protects him from falling into the clutches of Satan. Marriage protects man from becoming a source of vice and corruption and he will be safe from God’s Wrath. All of this results in his comfort, peace and safety, righteousness and piety making life easier. This is why in the Holy Quran the lawful, Islamic marriage has been pointed out. God doth wish to lighten your (difficulties) [Holy Quran: Nisaa 4:28] The Blooming of Talents If a young man and woman marry based upon their nature and follow God's commandment and the divine Prophets' ways, undoubtedly the way for the blossoming of hidden talents will be opened up and the tree of life will bear excellent fruits. They will be saved from the peak of God’s Wrath, a seditious nature, the dangerous clutches of Satan and God's curse - all being the consequences of being celibate. Marrying results in the following: peace of mind; an inner feeling of security; overcoming the problems of celibacy; arriving at a heavenly, angelic environment; the proper background for correct ways of thinking; and control of the outburst of the instincts and lust. Many of the distinguished men of letters, Islamic scholars whose names have been recorded in the history of the world, have practically made progress of 100 years in only one night. In general, these individuals have attained lofty positions in science and knowledge in the shade of marriage which brings peace of mind. Their names are on the tip of everyone's tongue due to their knowledge, piety, chastity, nobleness, service to others and servitude to God. In the book entitled “Zendegany Ayatullah Boroojerdy”7, we read: " In 1935 at the age of twenty-two, he received a letter from his father asking him to return to Boroojerd. He thought that his father wanted to send him to Najaf - the largest Shiite seminary existed- to continue his education. However, upon his return and after visiting his father and other relatives contrary to his expectations, he observed that they had arranged for his marriage. However, he became sad. In reply to his father who noticed his sadness and asked him about the reason for it, he answered that he had been studiously acquiring knowledge with peace of mind. But now he noted that marriage would hold him up. So his father told him that if he followed his orders, there would be hope that God would grant him an opportunity to reach his lofty goals. His father told him to beware of not marrying, because it was probable he would not get anywhere no matter how studious he was. This removed all his doubts. After marrying and staying there a while, he returned to Isfahan where he continued his studies and tutorials for another five years. In Isfahan his loyal and well-matched spouse provided the means for his peace, progress, comfort and security, as she was a kind friend, a sympathetic assistant and a calm servant. He was so busy studying that sometimes he would study until dawn. He had stated several times he would attempt to memorize the Holy Quran when not busy at other tasks. And during this period in Isfahan he memorized Chapter 9 entitled Baraat (Immunity) which he remembered his whole life and continued to recite. The late scholar Tabataba-ey, the author of the Holy Quran's interpretation named Al-Mizan acknowledges that part of his scientific and spiritual progress was due to his noble wife. Marriage is a source of peace and security and it provides a background for the development of talents and the realization of perfection. Striving for the Well-Being of the Household and Home In addition to positive worldly gains, marriage and maintaining a spouse and attending to the children have serious spiritual benefits. Working and striving to provide sustenance for the wife and children are considered to be a wonderful form of worship being equal to engaging in war in the way of God. The following has been narrated from the Immaculate Imams: One who works really hard to provide for his family's sustenance from what is lawful is similar to one who fights in a war in the way of God. [Bihar al-Anwar, v.101, p.72] It is very difficult to obey God's order instructing the mother to respect her children's rights, the wife to respect her husband's rights, or the husband to respect those of his family and provide for their spiritual needs. This too is considered to be worship and deserves the rewards of the Hereafter. Raising a good generation with children who are good-doers and excellent offspring is essential and satisfies God. It is of utmost importance to keep the household safe from corruption and to provide the means for growth, education and development of the family. This is the best type of worship of God. The Fourth Imam (Pbuh) has wisely stated: Whoever provides the best means for the spiritual and material needs of his wife and children is closer than others to attaining God's gratitude.[Bihar al-Anwar, v.101, p.73] Anyhow, the society is the product of the family. All people who serve a nation, whether it be the president, minister, or a Member of Parliament have their roots in the house and the family. The home and those who manage it are the main factors in their education and development. Home is like a piece of land which if separated from the truth will be like a salt desert with no flowers blossoming. And if connected to the truth, it is logical to expect flowers in bloom. Man's success or failure is primarily originated from parent’s conduct. If they strive for their children's success, they have performed a major act of worship and will eternally benefit from marriage. If, however, they are the cause of their offspring's failure, they have not only benefited from the holy tree of marriage but they have practically prepared the means for their own loss. It is for this reason that the Prophet (Pbuh) stated the following in different Islamic traditions: The roots of anyone's failure exist within their mother, and so does their blessed fortune. [Bihar al-Anwar, v.5, p.157.] And as the great poet Kalim Kashany said: The only thing that comes out of the jug is what's inside it. Now it is up to the parents to fill the hearts, the minds and the brains of their children with whatever they have. Establish the Loftiest Goal for Marriage One's goal for marriage should be spiritual, holy and pure. One must marry in order to obey God's order and the Prophets' manner and to provide for the prosperity of his/her spouse as well as divinely raising children. Both men and women should prepare themselves for engaging in a great act of worship when they marry. They should consider God's approval of their union and they should realize that through their loin and uterus, they carry God's loan. They must know that the child is only God's trust which is the guest of the father's loin for a short time and then is the guest of the mother's uterus for nearly six to nine months. During this time, the child with no option absorbs his/her father's characteristics and traits through a God-given property. It has been narrated that the Prophet (Pbuh) would sometimes let pregnant women come and watch the wars against God's enemies. They would witness the glorious scenes of the Holy War and sword-fighting in God's way, and hear the warriors shouting divine slogans. All this was for the development of the fetus in the uterus through what he/she heard and saw, and thus a well-bred, brave, ambitious child hearing divine sounds in the womb would develop. Have you not heard that God ordered forty days of fasting for the Prophet (Pbuh) before the formation of the existence of his daughter Fatimah (Pbuh) in his loin. Then he ate heavenly foods for the meal on the last night of fasting. The sperm was then transferred to the mother's womb. Do not let your eyes be the judge for marriage. Do not let lust be the matchmaker for marriage. Do not let the goal for marriage be getting wealthy by either family. Do not let the goal of marriage be seeing a beautiful face or a deceiving look. It has been proven that if these are the goals for marriage, such marriages do not have a good ending and bear little or no fruit. Let spirituality, God and worshipping Him, striving to respect your spouse's rights, raising good children and attaining God's pleasure be your goals in marriage so that it bears eternal fruits. Let lawful lust, consent and leisure be subject to these lofty and divine goals so that you can gain complete pleasure and rewards of the Hereafter, too. If two individuals are divinely joined, their marriage will last forever since divine marriage never ends in divorce. One who marries for God's sake, wholeheartedly respects his/her spouse's rights and does not impose the least harm upon the spouse. It is a religiously lawful requirement to protect the spouse's honor in front of the children and their relatives. And it is divinely forbidden to belittle one's spouse. Muslim men and women must consider the marriage of the Commander of the Faithful (Imam Ali) and Hazrat Fatimah Zahrah (Pbuh) as their model. This lofty marriage, which was contracted for God's sake, was based on heavenly goals and resulted in immaculate and divine offspring. The following verses have been interpreted to refer to this marriage in Shiite traditions: He combined the two seas between which there is a distance. They do not exceed each other's limits (mingle) and pearls and coral come from these two seas." [Holy Quran: Rahman 55:19-23] What is meant by the two seas is the Commander of the Faithful and Hazrat Fatimah Zahrah being two seas of wisdom, patience, faith and insight. What is meant by distance is the Noble Prophet of Islam Muhammad (Pbuh); and what is meant by pearls and coral are their offspring the Imams Hassan and Husayn (Pbuh). [Nur al-Thaqalayn, v.5, p.191, tradition 19] The family structure must be purely divine and Islamic so that it can attract and absorb God's benevolence. If undesirable and ungodly customs, Satanic conditions or that part of the culture of the Age of Ignorance which the Prophet (Pbuh) had ordered to be abolished be not avoided in marriage, then evil will appear in the marriage and this tree will bear sour fruits. The Prophet (Pbuh) ordered: Everything should be abolished from the Age of Ignorance except the Islamic traditions. [Bihar al-Anwar, v.77, ch.6, p.128, tradition 32.] The Family Structure in the West The family structure in Europe and America lacks any foundation or content and is a faulty structure. Following the example of the family structure in the West is incorrect and it paves the way to ruin one's life. The Westerners do not have pure and holy goals in marriage. Lust and satisfaction of the instincts is the reason why they marry. Noble and pure men and women are few in number there, so that is why corruption is overwhelming in Europe and America. Most men and many women in the West marry after periods of unlawful sexual relationships and usually put their offspring in day care centers. Then they take them from the nursery school void of paternal and maternal love and pure emotions and they let them join in any type of corruption. They send them to the schools so that they apparently learn good behavior and become familiar with a few words. Then at the age of eighteen, they force them out of the home and leave them up to the environment and the society. The ethics that they teach at home or school is how to be a gentleman, how to earn money and know about economics. They pay no attention to the inner facts and inner roots. Westerners are unable to raise human beings. Is this not obvious from the fact that when they establish a society or a government, the society is a source of corruption and the government is the primary means of exploitation and colonization of the oppressed people on earth. The crimes committed by the graduates from Western schools and universities cannot be compensated for until the Day of Judgment. If they are polite and calm for a while, it is because they have not yet found anything to capture. Their story is like that of the man who told his friend about his polite cat which held a lit candle and guided guests to their seats at a table full of delicious foods. The friend said one cannot trust the cat's politeness. He added that he is ready to prove it. When in practice, the cat was seen with a candle light guiding the guests and not greedy for the food on the table, the friend took a mouse out of his pocket and freed it in the middle of the table. The cat dropped the candle and jumped on the table on a wild mouse chase destroying all the food and ruining the party. The policy of the Westerners is similar to that of the cat. As long as they do not see their desired food, they are calm and polite. But once they see the oil, gold or other mines of the weaker nations, they drop the torch of politeness and jump like voracious animals to devour all material and spiritual goods and start a blood bath for material gain. The abundance of corruption, unlawful lust, murder and looting, prostitution and other evil deeds in the West is a direct result of the loose family structure there. If the houses in Europe or in the United States were filled with knowledge and God's remembrance and worship, then their products would have been noble humans with heavenly principles of morality. But since these homes are void of truth and God, their fruits are sour, stinking or tasteless. One cannot use such a system as a model, and those who do so will become even worse than the Westerners. 0% (نفر 0) نظر شما در مورد این مطلب ؟ امتیاز شما به این مطلب ؟ اشتراک گذاری در شبکه های اجتماعی: latest article Extremist Salafism The True Identity of Women (Part 6) The Islamic Community (1) Syrian man kills judge at ISIS Sharia Court for beheading his brother The Ramadhan Checklist Training of the Soul Scottish charity to provide support for Muslims who suffer diabetes during Ramadan Tunisia massacre gunman was inspired by fanatic running global terror cell in London The Definition of Ikhlas: user comment
The health benefits of organic farming Farmworker applying herbicide to rice field It is often hard to get an answer to the simple question “is organic food healthier?” The evidence-based answer is yes, but maybe not in the way that you expect. Many people buy organic food because they believe it reduces their (or their dogs’) exposure to toxins and a variety of resulting health issues. However, an often overlooked aspect of organic agriculture is its impact on the health of the farmworkers who produce the food and the communities nearby. While much scrutiny falls on the pesticide residue that makes its way to the consumer-ready food in the grocery store, the impact of chemical exposure on people who spend their days in pesticide-treated fields is rarely mentioned as a reason to shop organic. It is disappointing but not surprising that farmworker health receives very little attention or consideration, as farmworkers are largely ignored despite their critical role and significant challenges. There are over 3 million migrant and seasonal farmworkers in the United States - almost 1 in 100 people in America. They face work that is inconsistent (60% are employed seasonally), inaccessible (42% traveled further than 75 miles for a job), and dangerous (occupation is ranked third in workplace fatalities and first in toxic chemical injuries). Farmworkers face a number of daily hazards - including exposure to extreme weather and temperature, working with and alongside heavy machinery, and performing physically taxing jobs - but unhealthy exposure to toxic chemical pesticides is particularly preventable and dangerous. A wildfire burns next to crop fields in Salinas, California The River Fire burns near crop fields in Salinas, Califoria in August, 2020 (David Litman). Images of farmworkers working in smoke and scorched air brought attention to the extreme risks that farmworkers faced during the historic California wildfires and COVID-19 pandemic. However, a lack of PPE and daily pesticide exposure will remain a major health risk for farmworkers after the coronavirus and fires subside. Chemical exposure may result from workers being sprayed directly, indirect contact due to wind drifts, skin contact from crop residues, or drinking contaminated water. Oftentimes, farmworkers do not receive proper training in the use of pesticides and are not provided adequate personal protective equipment (PPE), especially as it became scarce and more expensive during the coronavirus pandemic. The health issues from pesticide exposure are both acute and chronic. The EPA estimated that 300,000 farmworkers suffer acute pesticide poisoning in the United States every year, the vast majority of which go untreated and unreported. Farmworkers also consistently show significant levels of metabolized pesticides - i.e. pesticides detectable in blood, urine, and tissue - after prolonged exposure to “acceptable,” sub-toxic amounts. Years of pesticide exposure are correlated with loss of sensory and motor function, increased rates of cancer - particularly Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, and damage to DNA. Establishing causal links between pesticide exposure and illness has been difficult given farmworkers’ frequent location changes and inconsistency of healthcare providers that makes collecting data a challenge. As a result, there are a limited number of studies that are able to track the direct impacts of prolonged pesticide exposure on farmworkers. However, there are a number of studies that have examined the communities located near farm operations, and they provide evidence that pesticide exposure is significantly more harmful to those with direct exposure than the general population. The families of agricultural workers face significant pesticide exposure in their home, which is particularly concerning given the increased health risks for small children. This occurs because of spray-drift and volatilization, which can result in up to 90% of the dose applied on crops ending up in the air. This places entire rural communities - not just those working in the fields - at risk of pesticide-associated health issues. Living in close proximity to farm operations is associated with higher occurrence of diseases and abnormalities. The rate of heart malformations is higher at birth in wheat producing counties, which often use hichlorophenoxy herbicides. Studies have also linked high amounts of exposure to various pesticides to occurrences of prostate cancer, non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and adult leukemia. A wildfire burns next to crop fields in Salinas, California Pesticide exposure traced with a fluorescent marker to demonstrate the proper use of personal protective equipment from the Pacific Northwest Agriculture Safety and Health Center (PNASH). Pesticide tracing experiments consistently find that significant levels of pesticides follow farmworkers into their homes and communities. You may be asking (with good reason) - if many common pesticides actually have documented links with serious health problems, why do we continue to use them and why haven’t regulatory organizations stepped in? There is an understandable perception that if the substance is legally allowed for agricultural use, then it must be safe (or at least low-risk). However, many of the most popular pesticides - such as atrazine discussed in a prior post - are deemed safe and used at a massive scale for years before an organization like the Environmental Protection Agency or the World Health Organization is presented with enough evidence to classify the chemical as a carcinogen or other health risk. The World Health Organization has classified the pesticides DDT, glyphosate, malathion, and diazinon - four of the most commonly used pesticides while they were legally allowed - as probable carcinogens, and additional pesticides are frequently added to the list of unsafe and banned substances as regulatory bodies review growing bodies of evidence. Because farmworkers also must overcome other factors associated with shorter lifespans and poor health - namely poverty, insecure housing, and limited access to health services and insurance - some harmful effects of pesticide exposure can remain masked by other explanatory variables for decades before the real consequences (and strong evidence of causation) are revealed. Logically, it stands to reason that agricultural operations that do not use synthetic pesticides (like certified organic farms) will have fewer workers and surrounding community-members exposed to toxic chemicals compared to those that use large amounts. The additional scrutiny of the organic review process also provides those working in and around organic farms with more oversight and higher standards for safety. That said, there are very few studies examining the health outcomes of farmworkers on organic vs. conventional farms, with similar study challenges to those described above. In addition, organic farms represent less than 1% of U.S. cropland, and most workers that spend time on organic farms will also work on (and live near) conventionally-planted land. This means that it is very difficult to find a pure “treatment group” that exclusively works on organically-planted land and does not live near conventionally-planted fields. While we cannot directly quantify the impact of sourcing organic ingredients on health outcomes, we believe creating more demand for organic products is unequivocally good for farmworkers and agricultural communities. Many people are drawn to organic products for perceived benefits to their own health, although there is limited evidence linking consumption of organic food results to better health outcomes. While people who eat organic foods are healthier as described by a number of wellness metrics like cancer risk, the organic-eaters are also more likely to engage in healthy behaviors like more activity, increased fresh produce consumption, and lower smoking rates that make it difficult to isolate organic food’s role in better health. Pesticide residue present at the point of sale or consumption also varies dramatically by agricultural product. In addition, certain vulnerable groups (like pregnant women and infants) seem to be much more susceptible to the effects of pesticide exposure, which makes a generalized verdict about the health benefits of organic foods elusive. It is important to note that the levels of chemical residue on food dramatically decreases by the time it reaches the market where you buy it. Farmworkers are at an increased risk compared to general consumers because they are exposed to significantly higher concentrations and close proximity. The most significant nutritional difference between conventional and organic is actually seen in meat and dairy products. Organic products have about 50% more omega-3 fatty acids than their conventional counterparts. A study has also linked the consumption of organic milk to a decrease in eczema, potentially due to the anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fats. Organic meat and dairy production also provide a community health benefit, as the lack of antibiotic use may alleviate risks of the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. The coronavirus pandemic has highlighted the massive risk of animal-originated diseases, and the widespread use of antibiotics in healthy livestock is a known cause of the proliferation of drug-resistant bacteria that kills over 700,000 people every year. The lack of quantifiable research makes it difficult to link consuming organic food with health outcomes for humans or dogs. Ultimately, we view buying organic ingredients as a meaningful way to protect farm workers and farm-adjacent communities from the significant health issues caused by exposure to toxic substances used in conventional farming.
Alternative Splicing in Aging and Cellular Senescence This open access review looks over present opinions on whether or not alternative splicing is important in aging, and in the creation and harmful activities of senescent cells in particular. Alternative splicing refers to the fact that a single gene can code for different proteins. Changes in the ratio of production for these alternative proteins for any specific gene might be either a form of disarray caused by molecular damage or a reaction to rising levels of cell and tissue damage - essentially another form of genetic regulation that, like epigenetic decorations to DNA, changes with age. The summary in this paper is that the picture is very complicated and poorly understood at present, as is the case for much of the detail level of cellular metabolism and the ways in which it changes over the course of aging. Fortunately we don't need a full understanding in order to produce significant benefits by selectively destroying the lingering senescent cells found in old tissues; this is the great advantage of therapeutic approaches that target the known root causes of aging. A full accounting of the way in which these causes contribute to aging, in detail, over time, is unnecessary for first generation therapies, making this a much faster and cheaper road to treating aging as a medical condition. At the cellular and molecular levels, the aging phenotype varies between tissues but can include common hallmarks such as genomic and epigenetic instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, telomere attrition, and the accumulation of senescent cells. Considered as one of the causes of age-related tissue degeneration, cellular senescence is an irreversible and programmed cell-cycle arrest that occurs in most diploid cell types. Senescence is associated with large-scale changes affecting a variety of processes such as cytokine secretion through the senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs), alterations in gene expression, and alternative splicing, as well as chromatin remodeling that includes senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF). Although replicative senescence is linked to telomere attrition, telomere shortening is not necessarily required for the onset of senescence, implying the existence of different senescent programs. Consistent with this view, telomere-independent senescence can be controlled by pathways triggered by insults (stress-induced senescence), as well as by other intrinsic signals that occur during embryonic development and tissue repair. Notably, senescence can also be engaged by the hyperactivation of factors, such as RAS, that promote cell growth, a process known as oncogene-induced senescence that may be linked to telomere dysfunction. While the exact connection between senescence and organismal aging is still much debated, it has become increasingly clear that cellular senescence plays a role in some age-related diseases and in tissue degeneration associated with aging. As senescence and aging are characterized by global cellular and molecular changes, it is fair to expect that splicing control will also be subjected to alterations. The challenge is to determine whether these changes are collateral or direct effects, and how they contribute to senescence and aging. Several reviews have recently presented splicing defects linked to age-associated diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Given the challenges associated with maintaining homeostasis in cells and tissues subjected to constant internal and external insults, we can anticipate that a subset of mutations and epigenetic changes may alter the expression or activity of spliceosome components and splicing regulatory factors. These changes may, in turn, alter the splicing profile in several transcripts, resulting in a cascade of alterations that may either activate senescence, promote apoptosis, or elicit tumor formation. Although senescence and apoptosis may protect against tumor formation, the gradual accumulation of senescent cells will elicit tissue degeneration and organ dysfunction. While progressive age-related disturbances in homeostasis do indeed correlate with a broad range of alterations in alternative splicing, the current challenge is to determine whether a specific splicing change contributes to the aging phenotype or is simply a consequence with little or no functional impact. Although we reviewed the impact of selected splice variants on aging, regulatory networks likely coordinate the production of splice variants from different genes to maximize functional outcomes that determine cell fate, and ultimately the aging phenotype. Consistent with this proposition, the activity of p53 in senescence and apoptosis can be modulated by SIRT1 and ING1, in turn affecting ING1 signaling and SIRT1 activity. Extending these relationships to the full repertoire of splice variants for all the components of the extended p53 regulatory network may be required to determine how important is the level of coordination and feedback involved in the production of splice variants contributing to aging. Already, the splicing regulatory proteins SRSF1, SRSF2, SRSF3, and SRSF6 are emerging as central players coordinating multiple splicing decisions in age-relevant and senescent transcripts. To help clarify the contribution of an expanding list of splice variants and regulators associated with aging, it would be useful to combine expression assays with the monitoring of phenotypes like cell growth and the production of senescent markers. Likewise, it would be informative to determine whether and how SASP components produced by senescent cells reprogram the splicing profiles of neighboring cells. Comment Submission
Longer-lasting chemical catalysts (Nanowerk News) Metal-based chemical catalysts have excellent green chemistry credentials—in principle at least. In theory, catalysts are reusable because they drive chemical reactions without being consumed. In reality, however, recovering all of a catalyst at the end of a reaction is difficult, so it is gradually lost. Now, chemists can retain, retrieve and reuse metal catalysts by trapping them with a polymer matrix, thanks to recent work by Yoichi Yamada at the RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Yasuhiro Uozumi at RIKEN and Japan's Institute for Molecular Science and Shaheen Sarkar, also at RIKEN (see paper in Angewandte Chemie: "A Highly Active and Reusable Self-Assembled Poly(Imidazole/Palladium) Catalyst: Allylic Arylation/Alkenylation"). Attaching metal catalysts to an insoluble polymer support, which is recoverable at the end of a reaction by simple filtration, is far from a new idea. Traditionally, chemists attached their metal catalyst to an insoluble polymer resin. However, the metal invariably leached out of the polymer over time so the catalysts were still slowly lost. polymer–metal catalyst Figure 1: A graphical representation of the retrievable and reusable polymer–metal catalyst, showing the palladium (blue) that links two imidazole polymer units (red) through their nitrogen atoms. Yamada and his colleagues' approach, in contrast, integrated the metal into the polymer matrix, which trapped it much more effectively. The researchers achieved this level of integration by starting with a soluble polymer precursor instead of an insoluble resin. This material contains imidazole units, a chemical structure known to bind strongly to metals such as palladium (Fig. 1). An insoluble composite material formed only after the researchers added palladium to the mixture because it causes the imidazole units to self-assemble around atoms of the metal—a process that they call 'molecular convolution'. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the resulting polymer–palladium globules ranged from 100 to 1,000 nanometers in diameter, which aggregated into a highly porous structure reminiscent of a tiny bathroom sponge. "This sponge-like insoluble material can easily capture substrates and reactants from the solution, which readily react with metal species embedded in the sponge," says Yamada. The researchers showed that the catalyst is highly active as well as reusable; it is the most active catalyst yet reported for a carbon–carbon bond-forming reaction known as an allylic arylation. They also reused the catalyst multiple times with no apparent loss of activity, and detected no leaching of palladium from the polymer into the reaction mixture. Yamada and colleagues are now developing a range of composite catalysts incorporating different metals that can catalyze many other kinds of reactions. "These extremely highly active and reusable catalysts will provide a safe and highly efficient chemical process, which we hope will be adopted for industrial chemical process," Yamada says. Source: RIKEN Subscribe to a free copy of one of our daily Nanowerk Newsletter Email Digests with a compilation of all of the day's news. These articles might interest you as well:
Difference Between a Degree and Diploma Once you leave school and start looking at further or higher education, you are going to start seeing the options of Degrees and Diplomas being made available. But what is the difference between a Degree and a Diploma? First, let’s clarify what a Degree is. Degrees are an academic qualification and course that is studied and achieved at university, usually they are studied over several years ranging between 2 and 8 years in total. There are four main categories of Degrees, foundation, bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral. Diplomas are courses and qualifications that are usually studied over just one year and tend to be more vocational or professional in nature. The courses are usually entirely coursework based and can be completed without the need to attend a university. The entry requirements for Diploma study also tends to be easier than that of a Degree. The Advantages of Holding a Degree Although Degrees take longer to achieve, they have the ability to open several doors to students, in both the academic as well as the professional world. Degree qualifications are accepted and understood worldwide and are often a requirement for people looking to emigrate to new countries. Regardless of which field your Degree in based, you can enter into many higher level positions within the workplace when holding a Bachelor’s Degree. For example, if you wanted to join the armed forces, if you held a Degree, you could enter directly into officer training, rather than having to start as a Private and work your way up. The Advantages of Holding a Diploma Due to the flexible nature of Diplomas, it’s possible to achieve a Diploma qualification quickly and at a much lower cost. Rather than having to spend thousands to attend university, you can achieve most Diplomas for just a few hundred Pounds. Diploma qualifications tend to be more far reaching than Degrees. For example, if you held a Diploma in Business Administration, you would be qualified to work in many different business environments and your experience gained through the study of the course will be more relevant and up to date. The final (and probably most significant) difference, the time it takes to achieve a Diploma qualification is far shorter than that of a Degree. It is perfectly possible and feasible for someone to enrol and gain a Diploma qualification within a year of study if they wished to do so. Are Diplomas the same Level of Difficulty and Study as a Degree? This all depends on the level of Diploma you are studying. If you’re studying a Level 3 Diploma, this is only equivalent to one A-Level. However, if you’re studying a Level 5 or Level 6 Diploma, these are equivalent to a Degree qualification. It is possible to start on a Level 3 Diploma and work your way up to a Level 6 Diploma so that you hold a qualification that is equivalent to a Degree should you wish to do so. Looking to study a Degree? If you’re looking to go on and study a Degree, then you’re going to need A Levels to get you onto your course. Once you have Googled what subjects are acceptable for your course, then it’s time to take that leap and enrol to study on those A Levels. That is where we can help with our range of online A Levels. Looking to study a Diploma? Diplomas are a great vocational qualification to hold and they can get you far in the professional workplace. All you have to do is decide on the type of Diploma and Level you are looking to study. Once you know that, it’s just a case of getting enrolled and starting your studies.
Production and Income Below is a definition of terms used when discussing production and income, as well as a discussion about compensating providers by production vs income. Definition of Terms Production: The amount of money you expect to collect. Production is often described in terms of production for all (or a group of) patients in a date range (or on a certain date). Gross production is the sum of the fees charged the patient(s). It is a good number to compare how busy you were in different periods. Net production is gross production minus adjustments and insurance writeoffs. Writeoffs: The difference between the insurance fee the provider is contractually obliged to charge and the provider's UCR fees. If patient insurance plans are set as PPO percentage plan types and use the carrier's fee schedule, several reports include writeoff information. Adjustments: Reductions in charges to patients. Open Dental splits adjustments into positive adjustments and negative adjustments for data entry purposes, but they are reported together or by type. For example, a positive adjustment type might be 'missed appointment' or 'late charge'. A negative adjustment might be 'senior discount'. Income: The amount of money brought in or paid on accounts, usually described in terms of a date range. One could also call this 'collections'. For reporting purposes, this can be grouped into 'insurance income' and 'patient income'. Production or Income? Sometimes there is confusion about whether a particular entry is production or income. Examples: It is easier to track production by provider, thus many offices use this method. To track income by provider, payments need to be properly allocated using paysplits. Also see Refund. There are several Production and Income Reports (daily, monthly, annual, provider). Each summarize the data differently but are comprised of the same information. If you have insurance plans that use the PPO percentage plan type, and thus track write-offs, you have two options that affect when write-offs in reports are applied to production: using insurance payment date or using procedure date. See Show Insurance Writeoffs for guidance and examples. Note: Production and income amounts may not match Aging of Accounts Receivable (A/R) Report amounts. Paying Providers Based on Production Some offices compensate providers by paying them a percentage of production. To determine provider production, run the Production and Income Report by provider, or for a single provider, for a date range. If you do not use PPO insurance plans: The Tot Prod amount indicates the net production and accounts for adjustments. Set a Global Lock Date so that financial report data doesn't change over time. See Security Lock Dates If you have PPO insurance plans and know your contracted rates: In this scenario you will know the write-off at the time of service. Run the report to show insurance write-offs by procedure date so net production (Tot Prod) for the day will also reflect the write-off. If for some reason the write-off amount changes at a later date, you will need to re-run historical reports. If you have PPO insurance plans and do NOT know your contracted rates: In this scenario you will not know the write-off at time of service or the amounts entered at treatment time will be questionable. Thus you will enter (or update) the write-off when you receive the insurance claim payment. Run the report to show insurance write-offs by insurance payment date. The Tot Prod amount will not include write-offs until the insurance payment is entered. Since payments will not always be entered in the same time period as production, you may have 'residual' negative production. A provider's net production in any given period will be lessened by the amount of write-offs entered on insurance payments received in that period, even though the work may be from another period. This may or may not have a significant impact upon the production. Period Gross Production Adjustments Write-offs Net Production 1 $10,000 -$200 $700 $9,100 2 $500 0 $600 -$100 The real result here is that your writeoffs may be associated with work in a different time period. The numbers become less meaningful if you are trying to measure productivity. You can't just use procedure date because writeoffs will change as payments come in and you may overpay your providers. Paying Providers by Income Provider income can be viewed on the same Production and Income Report used to view production. There are two types of income: insurance income (Ins Income) and patient income (Pt Income). Together they equal the total income (Tot Income). Write-offs are not an issue because they do not affect income. They simply lower the amount you expect to collect (production). There are two issues to be aware of when tracking income: 1. Payments need to be properly allocated. For more details, see Track Income by Provider. 2. Income may be received after the period in which it was earned. Insurance Income: Insurance income is allocated when you receive the claim payment. Patient Income: Patient income can be allocated when entering the payment or at a later date using income transfers. Depending on Allocations Setup, Open Dental may suggest paysplits based on the family's outstanding charges, payment amount, and FIFO logic (first in, first out, by date). It is very important to know which provider should and is getting credit for a payment. You should also develop a policy for allocating a payment to multiple providers. The daily or weekly Daily Payments Report (run by provider) can be a useful report to give to providers so they can verify the income information. Adjustments to income: Adjustments themselves only affect production amounts, not income. If you need to adjust income, you must enter a payment. Below are some example scenarios. What are the issues with reporting income by provider? Collection Ratio How much income am I getting compared to my production? You would think you can just compare income and production for a period and it will tell you what percentage of production you are collecting. Not so fast. This is problematic because it will compare different periods. The period you collect income for is not the same period the work was done in, so that ratio will have no meaning. Each incoming payment will be from an unknown period of production. For example: These numbers will not help you run your business. And it does not matter if you make the period larger, unless you make it ONE period for all time, which again is not informative. What you may be looking for is called the 'collection ratio' and is reported in units of days. It is also called an average collection period. Then the formula is ARP/CE and is reported in days. If your ARStart is $5000 and your AREnd is $15000 then your average AR over the period is $10000. If we call your production the credit extended, and count payment at time of service as collection, for a month of 30 days with the AR shown above and production (sales) of 50,000, your ratio is $10,00030 Days/$50,000 =6 days What does that mean to you? It means that you need to produce for 6 days to equal your average AR. So the lower the number, the better. To determine you collection ration, there are a few queries you can copy, paste, then edit. See Query Examples.
Skip to content ↓ Programming - Repetition in games Lesson Learning Objective (I can) 1 I can develop the use of count-controlled loops in a different programming environment 2 I can explain that in programming there are infinite loops and count controlled loops I can develop a design which includes two or more loops which run at the same time 4 I can modify an infinite loop in a given program 5 I can design a project that includes repetition 6 I can create a project that includes repetition
Battery Storage Is Delivering Value for Solar Developers and Energy Consumers. But What About Cost? COVID-19 has led to lock-downs. That, in turn, has led to less energy use, creating an opportunity for renewables to shine. They are becoming the lowest-cost energy source on sunny days, although during the evening when electricity demand is high, power prices are spiking. But there is a fix: utilities and onsite generators are using energy storage to harness the electricity during the day and release those electrons at night. Those batteries not only can limit the price spikes but they can also add value to solar farms. The twin goals are to increase renewable power usage and to provide electricity during peak demand. But the main obstacle is the high price of storage. The options? “If low electricity prices remain, what will it mean for future the grid and the electricity market?” asks Matt Harper, chief commercial officer for Invinity Energy Systems that makes “flow batteries.” “Battery storage can take advantage of abundant and low-cost power: it consumes excess power during the day and redeploys that electricity during the peak periods when conventional power generation would be turned on.” Harper explains that “flow batteries” are different from “lithium-ion batteries.” The former provides long-term storage that can deliver power for up to 15-hours while the latter supplies electricity for shorter periods of four-hours or less. The better performance, he adds, means that renewables have more leverage in the market — something that will eventually mean that power can be stored in the summer and used in the winter. At the same time, he says that “flow batteries” are positioned between short-term “lithium-ion” batteries and long-term hydrogen tanks. Hydrogen storage, he adds, has limitations because of the fuel’s efficiency rate, which is about 50% — the ability to take a unit of energy input and convert it to electricity. In comparison, he says that the efficiency rate for battery storage is between 70-90%. When comparing the value of short-term battery storage to long-term battery storage, Harper says that a key difference is that long-term “flow batteries” can be charged and recharged multiple times a day for decades at a time. Short-term lithium-ion batteries, in contrast, will wear down and lose their function in 10 years. That means the value of flow batteries over a lifetime is worth more, Harper adds, even though the lithium-ion batteries are less expensive upfront. “The COVID-19 pandemic shows what electricity markets will look like 3-5 years from now,” says Harper. “The drop in demand means that the market-clearing prices have, correspondingly, gone down. The result is that the renewables are winning because they have the lowest cost of production.” Source: “Battery Storage Is Delivering Value For Solar Developers And Energy Consumers. But What About Cost?”, Forbes
Many of us remember what it was like as a kid when other kids would bully us. The Internet has truly become a place where cyber bullying has become a huge wake up call. Just like when we see something that is wrong someone immediately reports it. It is important that we do something as soon as we become aware of any type of cyber bullying. Cyber bullying has truly become a huge global movement that consist of many people that have taken it in their own hands to make a positive change in any capacity that they can. Unfortunately, there is a trend that is going on with kids that have been bullied once it usually happens to them a second time. Positive and negative things happen all the time to all of us. However, for kids the negativity that goes on during social media is growing at an exponential rate. Facebook feeds should always promote a positive vibe and ever since social media came into existence the Internet has indeed given a platform for the most common form of communication. As we all use our cell phones daily statistics have shown that 80% of teenagers use their cell phone on a daily basis throughout the day and night. If you ever happen to have the opportunity to sit down with a teenager and ask them do they think cyber bullying is a nationwide epidemic they most certainly will tell you yes. Teens understand the damage that it causes to self-esteem, moral, and also how other teens treat each other. Back in the day in person bullying was the thing young people were engaging in but now it has turned it’s back on that and strictly preferred to bully online. Although person to person bullying still exists, cyber bullying still comes out on top. When dealing with cyber bullying it is important that we do not ignore it. If we see or allow our teens to engage in this type of behavior we are only feeding the bad behavior. One who falls victim to this type of negative treatment needs to trust a person if they are going to report it to them. We often wonder if girls or boys get hit the most with this behavior. The answer is unfortunately girls as vulnerability plays a huge role in the chosen party of cyber bullying. This phenomenon is closely related to some considering suicide and as the abuse continues teens feel lost isolated and depressed which can lead to thoughts of not wanting to be here anymore. Therefore, it is important not to visit or pay any attention to any website that is negative, promoting any cyber bullying or any website where cyber bullying is practiced. Dissecting the problems of cyber bullying can indeed be complicated. However, many websites online chooses the role of simply interviewing teenagers. They ask questions and make them fill out surveys. Then theses specific studies are examined, research, and analyzed. It is important to understand why something happens rather than trying to tackle the problem blindly. In 2014 it is proven that websites have truly captured real live data with numbers and percentages of why cyber bullying continues to exist. As mentioned earlier cyber bully can lead to thoughts of suicide but also to most of the psychological and emotional problems such as frustration, anger, trust issues, and low self morale. Cyber bully is closely related to the performance of teenagers academically in school, overall home life behavior, and potential substance-abuse if not already started. Teenagers that engage in substance abuse clearly are calling out for help but just don’t know where to turn to do drugs seem to be the only outlet. Cyber bullying leads to physical incidents which lead to many kids down a spiral path of destruction. Some will incur severe punishment for their actions. As cyber bullying continues to become a phenomenon it is important that both parents and teenagers have a great open line of communication. Teenagers need to feel that they are not alone and have access to all the tools necessary for their overall well-being. Parents need to take inventory of their friends and who they are spending their time with outside of the home. Cyber bullying awareness is important to not only victims but to those on the outside that may not be affected. If you or your children are not affected by cyber bullying you have more time to help thoses in need that are going thru this abuse. Jump to top
Concussion and Post-Concussion Syndrome Recovery According to the American Academy of Neurology, Concussion is defined as “trauma-induced alteration in mental status that may or may not involve loss of consciousness”. Current research has indicated that even minor, unmemorable falls and shocks to the brain can have serious effects. And note: your head doesn’t even have to come into contact with anything. Just the whiplash itself can cause a concussion. Experiencing quick, powerful movements, where either your body stops, and your head and brain keep moving, or where your head stops, but your brain keeps moving, can cause after-effects that can be pervasive and become debilitating. Your body’s structures, blood flow, fluid flow, nervous system responses, and communication within your brain and from the brain to the rest of your body can be affected. Car accidents (minor or major), slips and falls, or simply bumping your head into something – all can cause a concussion. Also included in this would be combat zone soldiers who have experienced blasts and shocks. Experiencing vision problems, headaches, memory diminishment, dizziness, tremors, ringing in the ears, troubles focusing or studying…are just a few of the symptoms that can appear, and can potentially become increasingly debilitating over time. It’s been estimated that up to one third (33%) of all patients diagnosed with concussion have symptoms of what is called “Post Concussion Syndrome” (PCS), which are lingering symptoms after an accident or injury, that are of a physical, emotional, or cognitive nature, which remain unresolved for weeks, months, and even years. PCS is defined by the World Health Organization as “persistence of three or more of the following symptoms after head injury: headache, dizziness, fatigue, irritability, insomnia, concentration, or memory difficulty. This diagnosis is usually reserved for patients whose symptoms persist for more than three weeks.” Sleep related issues, cardiovascular idiosyncrasies that weren’t present before the concussion, and chronic pain have been included in this diagnosis by many medical professionals. CranioSacral Therapy is an effective therapy that is well-suited for people who have experienced a Concussion or who have lingering symptoms or disabilities from an injury or accident (PCS). In cases of Concussion or PCS, CranioSacral Therapy supports the patient in regaining their health & their abilities, and works to restore their quality of life in the following ways: ● CranioSacral Therapy is gentle,which is a key to it’s effectiveness in your body recovering from a traumatic event such as a Concussion. ● CranioSacral Therapy releases abnormal tensions and restrictions in the layers of membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord (meninges) that result from the physical force (trauma) of the injury or accident, and the effects of the whiplash in and around the brain and spinal cord. ● As well, CranioSacral Therapy releases muscular or other types of connective tissue constrictions that can delay or inhibit one’s full recovery from a Concussion, either avoiding the body developing lingering symptoms (PCS) or helping the body heal from lingering symptoms that have developed. ● CranioSacral Therapy supports the nervous system in coming to a better balance within the parasympathetic branch – the part of the nervous system responsible for the repair and maintenance of your body. The more balance between the sympathetic branch of one’s nervous system (fight or flight responses) and the parasympathetic branch (rest, digest, repair, & maintain responses), the more capable the body’s repair and maintenance mechanisms are of healing the body, and in improving brain communication and blood flow. CranioSacral Therapy facilitates the following in patients with Concussion or PCS: ● Improved memory and concentration ● Improved energy and stamina ● Improved balance, motor skills, and coordination ● Improvement of blurry vision, emotional upsets, sleep patterns, headaches, nausea, ringing in the ears, and other specific symptoms or disabilities that appeared after a concussion or traumatic injury. ● More efficient and effective healing overall ● Improved response of homeostatic and healing mechanisms throughout the body ● Improved quality of life and enjoyment of daily life activities CranioSacral Therapy is an effective therapy that supports maximum healing and recovery from Concussions and Post Concussion Syndrome (PCS), as well as supporting the body in coming into a more healthy state overall.
How to deal with a nuisance created by your neighbours Smart accounting: Are you VAT compliant? August 27, 2021 Gross vs net profit: Why numbers are deceiving August 27, 2021 Show all Urbanisation, and the consequent magnitude of residential estates that are becoming increasingly dense and populated, requires individuals to abide by the municipal by-laws and regulations and to take their neighbours into consideration when conducting certain activities on their properties. It occasionally happens that someone is using their property in a way that negatively affects the use and enjoyment of someone living nearby. Such behaviour could potentially constitute a “nuisance”, and the aggrieved party will have remedy available to them. Nuisance is defined as an occurrence where a person occupying land creates a state of affairs, or allows such state of affairs to exist, that unreasonably, unfairly and materially disturbs or annoys a person occupying another piece of land. The test for determining whether or not a nuisance constitutes an actionable nuisance which the aggrieved person can legally act against, is an objective test. The test is whether or not a normal person of sound and liberal tastes and habits will regard it as a nuisance. The standard applied is not that of a “perverse, particular or over-scrupulous person” as one must be willing to endure some discomfort or inconvenience emanating from the use of a neighbouring property. The infringement of one’s right to the reasonable enjoyment of one’s property (i.e., the nuisance) must furthermore be persistent and continual in order for such infringement to be actionable. Only a person who owns the affected property or lawfully occupies such property will have locus standi to institute legal action. An interdict is usually the appropriate remedy. Such an interdict can either be prohibitory (which directs the guilty person to refrain from doing something), or it can be a mandatory interdict (which compels a person to perform a certain act). Damages for inconvenience or discomfort are not available as a remedy to aggrieved persons and actual damages will have to be proven if claimed. There are also a few defences available to a defendant in a nuisance matter. The recognised defences are: 1. The act was done in the due and reasonable exercise of the defendant’s property rights; 2. No reasonable practicable steps could have been taken to prevent the disturbance; 3. The act was authorised by statute and could not be done without causing the disturbance or prejudice complained of; 4. The defendant has, through prescription, obtained the right to perform the act. The defendant will usually bear the onus to prove the abovementioned defences. Readers are advised to consult a legal adviser should they feel aggrieved by activities conducted by persons on neighbouring properties. The merits can then be assessed, and an application can be brought to the appropriate court in order to protect your rights. Such an application can also be brought on an urgent basis depending on the circumstances, in which case the court will grant an interim interdict with a rule nisi. Reference List: • Amler’s Precedents of Pleadings, 8th edition.
Redbornstoke Morris - The Origins of Names The side name comes from the Anglo-Saxon “Hundred”, the old administrative area of Bedfordshire that included Ampthill. The badge worn on the front of the baldricks is an adaptation of the Redborne Upper School badge where the side has always met to practice. The Tradition is named after the market town of Ampthill in Bedfordshire where Redbornstoke Morris was founded and based. The name comes from the Anglo-Saxon Aemethyll meaning “Anthill” or “Ant infested hill”: hence the Ant badge worn on the back of the baldricks by Redbornstoke Morris. The Ampthill tradition was first developed by some members of the side in 1983 as something different from the collected Black Book Morris traditions. Alameda Walk The Processional dance, was originally going to be called Alameda Parade but was then named after a lane in Ampthill. The Alameda itself is an avenue of lime trees created by Lord and Lady Holland in 1821 in imitation of the 'alameidas' they had admired in their travels to Spain and Portugal. The Alameda runs from Woburn Street to Coopers Hill. Bedfordshire Clanger Named after the Bedfordshire version of a pasty: a suet pastry roll with meat and veg at one end and apple or fruit jam at the other, separated by a thin wall of pastry. Often described by Barry Goodman in his introduction as “Lovely at one end, delightful at the other, a bit dodgy in the middle – rather like this dance!” Billy Bones. The first Ampthill dance, created in 1983/4. It is named after the children’s song that provides the tune and introductory verse. By tradition this is (nearly always) the first dance performed. Finest (of them All) Named after the song used for the dance, which was written by Dave Ritchie (it was the winning song in a National Song Contest organized by the magazine English Dance and Song in 1971). The dance was composed for the wedding of John Clifford, a team member who had lived on a narrowboat. It was danced at his wedding reception. Hunt the Bunny The dance has a “shooting” element in the chorus, which comes originally from a Bledington dance. The tune for this dance is The Innocent Hare. Need we say more? Ibsen’s Reel Named by Brian Mander after he learned that the tune, written by Barry Goodman, was called The Ghost of Christmas Past. By association Brian thought of Ibsen, referencing Ibsen’s play “Ghosts”, hence the choice of name. Unfortunately, it transpired later that the tune was actually called Mr. Pickwick, but the name stuck! Meg's First Kiss This was originally a dance in the Marston tradition - see here - and was adapted to the Ampthill tradition. The dance was named after a lady called Meg, who became a great friend of the team at a Hastings Jack in the Green Festival in the 1990s. Her telling of late night “bedtime stories” was legendary, including the story of her first kiss. Middle’s Revenge Named because the middle pair in a dance usually get off quite lightly, in this they have to do most of the work. Not so much their revenge as revenge on them! Motley Cap Danced in memory of “Absent Friends” it was named after the felt hat worn by the side’s first Fool, Jeremy Griffiths.. It is performed by five dancers and a musician. The tune is by Barry Goodman (the A music being variation on “Lumps of Plum Pudding” - Jerry’s signature jig), the dance was written by Brian Mander, the team’s Foreman (with a few short breaks) for a total of about 24 years. From Brian Mander: As far as I’m aware Jeremy Griffiths was the first Redbornstoker to pass away (in 1991). Jerry was a lovely man, thoughtful and intelligent and had fooled brilliantly for the side. I wanted to write a memorial dance for him and for a long time I mused upon the idea of four different reels for the choruses. But it was only with the impetus of the death of Jim Gent, who had been our first Bagman that the ideas crystallised. The dance is named for the yellow and green felt hat that Jerry wore when he fooled. I consider it to be a seven-man dance but with the number two spot filled with memories and it should only be danced “for absent friends”. Nodder Sway The second Ampthill dance to be developed. Named after Nodder’s Way, a lane in Biddenham. Brian Mander recalled “We were dancing at The Three Tuns in Biddenham and Pete Langley had an idea for a short stick dance. So a number of us went across the road to Nodder’s Way to try it out”. One Man’s Morris Named after its tune, written by Graeme Meek. The chorus comes from another Bledington dance. The third Ampthill dance to be developed. The tune (named Monk’s Gate by Ralph Vaughan Williams who collected it) is from the song Our Captain Cried All Hands but is probably better known as the hymn To Be a Pilgrim (also known as He who would Valiant Be). The words to the hymn were written by John Bunyan, the 17th century Bedfordshire non-conformist preacher who wrote The Pilgrim’s Progess. Bunyan used local geography in his book: The Hill of Difficulty is believed to be the hill formed by the Greensand Ridge to the North of Ampthill while the House Beautiful was Houghton House at the top of the hill. The dance chorus was devised by Harry Frost, a team member at the time, so the dance was also sometimes known initially as Frost on the Pilgrim. Rik’s Finger / The Three Man Stick dance It was originally given a working name of the Three Man Stick Dance. Nobody offered anything better until Rik Stokes, a team member, had his finger bashed during a workshop at the Chippenham Folk Festival in c2004. When dancing in France, it was announced as La Danse avec trois batons. The sticking is based on a chorus used by Downes on Tour (DOT) in one of their dances. Sluts’ End Slutt’s End was the 18th/19th century name for a rather untidy area that formed the upper part of Mill Street (now Woburn Street). The Chorus is based upon the Marston dance Meg’s First Kiss Snuffing the Candles The dance was written for the side’s 10th anniversary by Martin Banks Named for the pattern of the chorus. It was devised in the early 1990’s but dropped from the repertoire sometime around 2010. Pronounced “Sc’ut’all” to sound like “Scuttle”, it was named following a workshop in Harlington Scout hall on 8th July 2001. The side had always danced a “collected” Cotswold tradition as a contrast to Ampthill. Scouthall was developed by borrowing elements from various Cotswold traditions to give the team something that worked for us. The capers were developed in 2003. Blue-Eyed Stranger Our version of the well-known Cotswold Morris stick dance. We developed a way of rotating the set during the chorus so there are two versions of this dance: a standard one and a revolving one. Dance It Away up the Street The tune used for this little-performed dance, was written by Barry Goodman as a song, Dance it Away up the Street, but works well with the three-part dance because of its structure. Forty Years On Developed to commemorate the team’s 40th Anniversary. The walked choruses were intended to give us a bit of a rest, a necessary concession in our advancing years, however the differing sticking patterns require greater mental agility to compensate. Danced to The British Grenadiers, it was also performed a few times as a Marston dance using a Minor version of the tune. Juniper Hill (The Column Dance) Named after the tune used for the dance, more commonly heard as a country dance tune. Juniper Hill is a hamlet on the Oxfordshire border, just over 2 miles south of Brackley. Flora Thompson was born there in 1876: she fictionalised the hamlet as Lark Rise in her Lark Rise to Candleford trilogy. Lovely Nancy Named after its tune, a traditional Cotswold Morris tune. Also known as Knuckles as a reminder to be careful in the sticking The Month of May Added in 2005. The tune is The Sound of the Drum, which contains the line: “In the Merry Month of May, when bees from flower to flower do hum…” Old Slapper Started out as a hand-clapping dance but soon developed into hitting (or slapping) circular castanets together during the chorus. A good name for getting a cheap laugh during the introduction. Scouting for Boys The first Scouthall dance. Named after the famous book by Lord Baden-Powell, founder of the Scout movement. Shepherds Hey Added as an audience participation dance Whitstable Hot Spot An adaptation of Cheltenham Cold Spot. It was first performed at Whitstable on a warm May Day Bank Holiday Monday. Having decided that the Cotswold style of dance did not suit the icy conditions of winter, the side experimented for a while with Molly. The Marston tradition was initially developed in the Marston Moretaine Scout hut at a workshop on 18th October 1998 and named for the Marston Vale (also known as the A421 corridor between Bedford and the M1 Junction 13). Until the mid/late 20th Century the area was famous for its brickfields. The first performance of Marston was in Dec 1998. It is influenced by both Molly and the Border Morris styles while the figures and dances borrow heavily from Ampthill. Later some of the choruses that developed were taken into Ampthill and Scouthall. Andrew’s Oblivion The 4 man dance was developed hastily after Andrew Hogg, a member of the side, went “walk-about” shortly before the team was due to perform. Hence the title. Boney Bill The dance, like the name, is a twist on Billy Bones. Bricker’s Ganger The brick-makers in the brickfields used to work in small teams or gangs led by a Ganger Cardington Hanger Named for the historic hangers in Cardington, just South of Bedford, where the R100 and ill-fated R101 were built. One of the hangers is now used to construct film sets. The dance chorus is an adaptation of the Ampthill dance, Bedfordshire Clanger. Cheltenham Cold Spot First performed at a February dance spot in Cheltenham as part of the then Cheltenham Folk Weekend. It was cold! The story is that the finish to the dance was adopted when Andrew Hogg forgot to throw his stick. John’s Bunion Named as a pun on John Bunyan, the tune is a minor version of the tune used for the Ampthill dance Pilgrim. Marston Processional It is what it says it is. Marston Thrift Named after an area of ancient woodland between Marston Moretaine and Cranfield where we once coppiced some sticks. Ms Ashby’s Request Ms Ashby, a resident of Merchant Lane, Cranfield, asked Chas Leslie (a neighbour and a member of the side) if one of the dances could be named for Cranfield. This was his response. The progressive chorus (from bottom to top with a change of side) can be confusing, Brian commented “This was a dance I liked, but flummoxed many of the side” Meg’s First Kiss Silken Chains Devised and named by Brian Mander. “At the time Sheila [his wife] and I danced International Square Dance. I based the chorus on a figure from that, adapting from 8 dancers to 6. I named it for Sheila”. The dance was devised over coffee and written on a paper napkin at Cheltenham Folk weekend. The name comes from the Catering firm whose name was on the napkin. Swaying Nods The dance is a variant of Nodder Sway The only “collected” tradition we continued to dance. The Handkerchief Dance As we always introduced this dance “The people of Upton had two dances, the stick dance and the handkerchief dance. This is one of them”. By tradition this is (usually) the last dance performed.
Does summer cause hair fall? Summer causes hair loss due to damage caused by heat, chlorine salt water, and sun exposure; hair can be brittle, dry, and prone to damage after summer. Hair Follicles that survive all year are no longer needed as a shield against the sun, so they just fall out. Is it normal to lose hair in summer? Hair loss is quite common to experience in summer, so don’t worry when your brush pulls out a few extra strands every time you comb your hair. Which season hair falls most? Why does hair fall in August? “Hairs in the telogen phase generally fall out 100 days later, which means that people would see a shedding at the end of the summer and into the fall. … In other words, the longer daylight hours of the summer can trigger the hair to enter the telogen phase, which then triggers the shedding at the end of that phase. IT IS IMPORTANT: Do you have to use minoxidil twice a day? Is it OK to wash hair daily in summer? If you normally wash your hair 2 times a week, during summer making it 3 times a week can certainly help. … However, when you are needed to wash your hair frequently, it is important that you use a shampoo that is mild enough to not to reap off the necessary oils, making the hair, dry & brittle. How can I stop hair fall immediately? 1. Eating extra protein. … 2. Trying a scalp massage. … 3. Taking hair loss medication. … 4. Trying low-level light therapy. … 5. Maintaining good hair and scalp care. … 6. Using onion juice on the scalp. … 7. Why hair falls out. Is seasonal hair loss real? As it turns out, though, seasonal hair loss is actually normal in the summer and late fall. … “One may lose anywhere from 50 to 100 strands of hair per day. New strands of hair, which have an average life cycle of two to six years, replace those that we lose daily. Does hair regrow after fall? Is Hairfall normal at the age of 18? The majority of people will experience some degree of hair loss throughout their life. Most people begin noticing hair loss during adulthood. But less commonly, some people start losing their hair as teenagers. Hair loss can be difficult for anybody, but especially if you’re younger. IT IS IMPORTANT: Quick Answer: Can taking protein cause hair loss? Does hair fall increase in July? “There are two times during the calendar year when humans experience seasonal hair loss,” Leonard says. “The first is in July and August and the second—and more significant—is November and December into half of January.” The hair is thickest in the summer to serve as protection from the sun. Is hair fall common in teenage? Baldness or hair loss is usually something only adults need to worry about. But sometimes teens lose their hair, too — and it may be a sign that something’s going on. Hair loss during adolescence can mean a person may be sick or just not eating right. … Most of the time, hair loss during the teen years is temporary. How many times should I wash my hair in summer? “During summers one should wash hair frequently. They can go for morning and evening wash, but to keep it safe, I would suggest that use mild shampoos or something like baby shampoo,” said hairstylist Amzad Habib. Another tip- don’t use extremely cold or extremely hot water to wash your hair. Should you wet hair everyday? Keeping wet hair every day is possible if you style your hair appropriately. However, this is very different from washing your hair. Washing your hair daily can damage the hair but wetting the hair daily does not pose as much risk. How many times a week should I wash my hair in summer? Active Individuals: 3-4 times a week “Cleansing the scalp of sweat, dirt, and impurities is a priority for hair health,” she says, adding that buildup can lead to flakiness, lackluster strands, and slower hair growth. IT IS IMPORTANT: Your question: How can I stop my head from falling hair?
Skip to content Go to GoCardless homepage LoginSign up What is absenteeism? Absenteeism is not necessarily a weakness or a setback, and while it certainly can cause a great deal of frustration and concern, it shouldn’t ever be seen as an unresolvable problem. There are negative consequences that might come with employee absenteeism, but if you take the time to understand what causes it and how to manage it with empathy, both your business and your employee will come out of it better off. Absenteeism meaning So, what is absenteeism exactly? The absenteeism definition as according to Oxford Dictionary is “the practice of regularly staying away from work or school without good reason.” It needs to be a consistent, ongoing issue to be deemed absenteeism, meaning missing a couple days of work doesn’t count. Absenteeism is a habitual absence from work, far beyond what would be considered acceptable. A good business will allow some degree of grace when it comes to legitimate issues that keep an employee from coming to work, like family emergencies or sudden illnesses, but absenteeism exceeds any period of absence that would be expected or allowed, and exceeds the annual leave and sick leave designated to the employee. It doesn’t need to be consecutive days of absence; absenteeism can also be a noticeable pattern of excessive absence even if they do come to work in between. If you have an employee who calls in sick frequently, missing days of work at a time without any indication of chronic illness, this is absenteeism. Absenteeism can cause a reduction in productivity, an increase in costs, and it can have a negative impact on overall employee morale. It can also make it difficult to manage a team in general, not knowing when or for how long you’ll have your full team available. Why does absenteeism occur? In order to prevent absenteeism in your workplace, you need to understand why exactly it happens, and there’s a variety of potential reasons. The reason for absence does not need to be hidden for absenteeism to occur. Even if the employee notifies management of their absence and explains the reasoning, so long as a pattern forms or the absence extends past an acceptable level, it is considered absenteeism. Having said that, many cases of absenteeism are the cause of an underlying problem that the employee may not feel safe or comfortable sharing. Below are some of the most common causes of absenteeism: Workplace frustration Burnout is certainly a major cause of absenteeism. If an employee feels overworked and underappreciated, their stress and frustration levels might hold them back from coming into work, either as a means of letting the issue subside a little, or out of fear that going to work will only intensify the problem. It may be a lack of healthy work-life balance causing burnout. Besides burnout, absenteeism could be the result of a general lack of motivation at work. If an employee is dissatisfied, dispassionate and disengaged, they may find it easy to simply not turn up. Mental Illness Depression, anxiety, and other mental illnesses are of course one of the most prominent causes of absenteeism. When suffering from mental illness, it can be very easy to feel misunderstood, so employees may hide their genuine distress out of fear that their company won’t be sympathetic or facilitative, instead simply not coming in to work to avoid the issue escalating. Mental illness can cause physical ailments and feelings of physical weakness, which might leave employees feeling incapable of making it to work. This doesn’t just apply to offices; with so many businesses now working remotely, it’s important to recognise that absenteeism means the employee is unavailable to fulfil their duties. Even working from home, an employee suffering from mental illness may still feel incapable of getting to work, perhaps more so with increased feelings of isolation. If an employee is a victim of workplace harassment, they will likely feel unsafe or uncomfortable sharing a workspace with their harasser, particularly if they’ve raised the issue and feel it hasn’t been addressed properly. They may choose not to disclose the issue out of fear that it will affect their own job security or safety, so instead choose to avoid the workplace altogether. An employee exhibiting absenteeism may be experiencing bereavement. Dealing with grief can make it extremely difficult to manage everyday tasks, and there’s no time limit on how long it may take someone to recover. An employee may be overcome with grief and feel unable to perform their duties. Your employee may at times need to act as a caregiver for a child, elder, or an unwell loved one if their primary caregiver is unable to fulfil their duties. For instance, your employee may hire a babysitter or nanny who falls sick, and thus they need to stay home to look after their child. If this continues to happen regularly, it becomes absenteeism. How to prevent absenteeism Having a strong, open relationship with your team ensures everybody feels comfortable expressing their concerns, challenges and limitations. A manager should take responsibility for fostering a safe space where everyone in the team should feel welcome and understood. While it might be frustrating, your first response to absenteeism shouldn’t be anger, and you shouldn’t deal with an absentee employee with aggression, but rather with empathy, understanding, and a willingness to listen. You’re not going to make matters any better by simply scolding, or worse, cutting the employee without at least trying to find out the root cause of the problem. Chances are, there is an underlying issue that needs to be addressed, and the sooner you can figure out why your employee is skipping out on work, the sooner you’ll be able to come up with solutions to help them feel better about coming in. Work together to identify and solve the issue, and always make it clear that you value your team and you have their best interests at heart. The only way to reach your goals as a business is to ensure the workers who keep it going are happy and motivated. It’s important to remember that some employees may feel they benefit from more flexible working environments. Perhaps they feel more comfortable and productive working from home. Always remind your employees that you’re open to flexibility, you want to do what you need to do to bring the best out of your team. 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How Much Lighting After Poppy Plants Germinate? The brilliant colors and nodding heads of poppies dot roadsides, fields and gardens in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 2 through 10 depending on variety -- and you'll find many varieties both Papaver spp. and Eschscholzia spp. that are called poppies. From annual Shirley and Flanders poppies (P. rhoeas) to the short-lived perennial California poppy (E. californica) and perennial Iceland (P. nudicaule) and oriental poppy (P. orientale), the flowers grow easily from seed and often self-sow when the lighting is right. Outdoor Poppy Culture Poppies of all varieties are cool-weather plants that bloom in late spring and early summer when temperatures are mild. Sow seeds or plant poppy seedlings in well-drained, evenly moist soil in full sunlight -- at least six hours a day, though 12 hours is ideal. The same light conditions necessary for germination carry over to their active growth stage. Once germinated, the plants put down deep taproots that help sustain them when they go dormant in the heat of summer. Sow seeds or plant seedlings in the coolest microclimate in your garden; some shade in midday keeps poppies blooming longer. Light for Indoor Poppy Seedlings Though most commonly sown in place outdoors, poppies can be started indoors to get a jump on the season. Once seeds germinate indoors, the developing seedlings need to be placed in bright sunlight in a south-facing window or -- more effectively -- under fluorescent light tubes. A bar-style shop light that holds two long tube bulbs is ideal -- use one warm and one cool bulb. Lights should be no closer than 6 inches from the tops of the plants -- moving farther back as they grow to prevent leaf burn. Lights need to stay on for 14 to 16 hours a day. Because poppies develop taproots, they have a reputation for being difficult to transplant and need to move to their permanent location while still young -- 2 to 4 inches tall. Get them used to the change in lighting and temperature over the course of a week or they can die from the combined shock of transplanting and the drastic change in light. Once outdoors, move them gradually from a protected, shaded area to full sun. When poppies grown indoors don't get enough light, the plants can elongate and grow spindly in a process called etoliation. Etoliated poppies develop a brittle taproot that even when planted outdoors in sufficient light is a poor foundation for growth and can easily snap. Poppies planted in light shade may flower, but only lightly. California poppies can close up on overcast days or in the shade.
5 Tips to Understanding Interest Rate Activity A few ‘rules of thumb’ to keep in mind when interpreting interest rate activity: 1. As the economy begins to improve, remember: interest rates will go up. Inflation encourages an increase on bond yields which, in turn, produces higher rates. 2. Don’t wait for the Bank of Canada announcement to secure an interest rate; fixed rates will always change before variable rates. Behind the BoC’s public statements, there is a free market for bonds which responds to many factors in addition to government announcements. 3. Ever heard of the Rockets and Feathers principle? It’s a concept that seeks to describe the way gas prices ‘shoot’ up and then slowly ‘float’ down. A principle that can also be applied to interest rates, as they also rise quickly and then take time to come down again. 4. If you have done your research and decided a variable rate is right for you, then stick to a variable rate. I know it sounds easy enough to say now, but then as rates begin to creep upward, your anxiety compels you to lock it in before rates go up any further. Don’t make this common mistake. The only way you will reap the long term benefits of a variable rate is if you stay with the variable rate in the short term. Learn more about the benefits of a variable rate. 5. Things change quickly in this industry, so check back with us often; we promise to give share relevant information and helpful advice to keep you on track with interest rates.
Temperature and Heat Heat and temperature are important concepts for each of us, every day. How we dress in the morning depends on whether the day is hot or cold, and most of what we do requires energy that ultimately comes from the Sun. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. The laws of thermodynamics govern the flow of energy throughout the universe. They are studied in all areas of science and engineering, from chemistry to biology to environmental science. In this chapter, we explore heat and temperature. It is not always easy to distinguish these terms. Heat is the flow of energy from one object to another. This flow of energy is caused by a difference in temperature. The transfer of heat can change temperature, as can work, another kind of energy transfer that is central to thermodynamics. We return to these basic ideas several times throughout the next four chapters, and you will see that they affect everything from the behavior of atoms and molecules to cooking to our weather on Earth to the life cycles of stars. Any physical property that depends consistently and reproducibly on temperature can be used as the basis of a thermometer. Heat is familiar to all of us. We can feel heat entering our bodies from the summer Sun or from hot coffee or tea after a winter stroll. We can also feel heat leaving our bodies as we feel the chill of night or the cooling effect of sweat after exercise.
Addressing Cultural Divides • Cultural and linguistic divides that keep Latinos from participating more actively in the planning and decision-making process • Ways to better engage Latino, whether by rethinking the engagement process, the outreach process, the language used, and style • How to best use their Spanish language skills to serve as more than just translators, but as creators of new engagement strategies targeting the cultural nuances of our Latino communities Lack of information in Spanish and cultural divides often keep Latinos away from the public planning process. Whether it be challenging schedules, fear of the system, or cultural and linguistic divides, engagement with Latino communities is very weak or non-existent in many places. How can we better connect with Latino communities in the cities we work with to ensure they are an active voice in decision-making? Bilingual Latino planners are enriched with the important language skills to bridge the gap between the planning process and the Latino communities we work in, and connect with communities in a more than superficial way. Latino planners are often asked to translate a phrase or planning term for a project or program, but Latino planners are more than just translators, and can serve an important role in leading and redesigning Latino cultural engagement techniques. How can we use our bilingual language skills to better connect the planning process to the communities we work in? Latinos and Planning Division Special pricing for LAP Division members.
Aishwarya Sahai and Corinne Stancescu Cyber Security and Emerging Threats Assessing Global Threats to Canadian Interests Intelligence and Counterintelligence The ongoing and continuous innovation and development in information technology will continue to greatly affect the defence and intelligence apparatus within states. The main intelligence threats from states will continue to be Russia and China due to their capabilities and intent. Human intelligence is defined by the CIA as “any information that can be gathered from human sources,” including “clandestine acquisition” of documents and information gathering from contacts within foreign governments. This will be both an issue for Canada as it tries to protect against foreign human intelligence, and as it tries to pursue human intelligence sources in other capacities. Insiders and whistleblowers who illegally reveal state information, like Jeffrey Delisle in Canada, will continue to pose a threat to human intelligence. Signals intelligence is “the collection and exploitation of signals transmitted from communication systems, radars, and weapon systems.” Intelligence gathering in this capacity relies heavily on state infrastructure and melds public and private sectors in intelligence gathering. Members of the Five Eyes Alliance, including Canada, US, UK, Australia, and New Zealand, rely heavily on cyber infrastructure for the day-to-day activities and functions of the state. Everything from communication to military command is dependent upon this infrastructure. This dependence creates vulnerabilities that can easily be exploited. States use counterintelligence as a strategy to exploit the vulnerabilities of other states. Counterintelligence allows states to offensively weaken hostile foreign intelligence services by identifying, assessing, and neutralizing the activities of these states. In this way, counterintelligence is both a valuable strategy and a significant threat to state security. Nuclear Proliferation Nuclear weapons continue to pose a significant threat to international and regional security. Vertical proliferation by states is increasingly contentious, especially in the case of rogue states such as North Korea. Nefarious non-state groups acquiring nuclear materials are also a growing possibility. For instance, improvised chemical weapons have been used in Syria by both state and non-state groups, which demonstrates that advanced facilities and technical capabilities are not necessary to develop rudimentary Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). The security of nuclear facilities and munitions stores is also a security concern. The suspension of nuclear counter proliferation efforts, such as the Cooperative Threat Reduction program in 2015, has the potential to create gaps in efforts to maintain the security of such materials. While the sale of high-enriched uranium is regulated, there could be a possibility of illicit trafficking. Terrorism and Homegrown Terrorism Terrorist activity by non-state groups continues to pose a grave threat to international and regional security. With new techniques and technologies, and highly sophisticated media and communication infrastructures, non-state terrorist groups, like IS, can more easily pursue their objectives and causes. Homegrown terrorism is, in part, a product of terrorist groups’ new techniques and technologies to radicalize individuals around the world. For example, in the case of IS radicalization, IS tactics rely heavily on the ease with which recruits are able to travel to Syria. State security agencies and police can only do so much to monitor and prosecute these individuals. IS has “radicalized, recruited, and trained” thousands of young Europeans; in France alone it is estimated that there are between 400 to 500 individuals radicalized by IS. When these individuals return home, they remain connected to the support networks. As IS continues to build a strong international network, their ability to recruit, and to direct and inspire attacks around the world will also continue to grow. The spread of non-state terrorist groups will continue to affect regional security across the MENA region. For example, in Libya, IS will continue to expands on its “varying degrees of presence across the country.” While in Nigeria, IS will continue to influence other terrorist groups like Boko Haram. Resource Scarcity and Human Security While there are obvious threats to human security such as armed insurgent groups, terrorism and authoritarian governments, there are also threats aggravated by poor environmental conditions. These poor environmental conditions can lead to rising demands for food and water that cannot be met. Environmental degradation and a lack of natural resources can lead to political strife and displacement of peoples, while poor infrastructure and inadequate policies add to these struggles. All these conditions have the tendency to spark political instability, health crises, and humanitarian crises. With resource scarcity, citizens often turn against their government, shift blame to various national institutions, or even to their own people. The resulting civil wars risk large-scale violence and cycles of power abuse and conflict. These regional conflicts are then likely to spill over and spread causing humanitarian crises, as is the case with Syrians in Turkey, Jordan, Lebanon and Europe. As the world continues to struggle to find accommodation and to create safe havens for these refugees, it is important to understand the environmental connections to these crises. This article relates to the panel that will take place on day 1 of the conference and features: • Captain (N) Christophe Balducchi, Defence Attaché, French Embassy in Ottawa • Stephen Burt, Assistant Chief of Defence Intelligence, Canadian Forces Intelligence Command • Thomas Juneau, Assistant Professor, University of Ottawa (Moderator) Aishwarya Sahai and Corinne Stancescu Aishwarya is currently a Research Analyst at the NATO Association of Canada. She completed her Honors B.A. at the University of Toronto, specializing in Political Science and minoring in History. Through her studies, she specialized in comparative politics, studying international, civil conflict, resolution and reconciliation processes. In her undergraduate term, she participated in the Summer Abroad program, studying the break-up for former Yugoslavia. She was also strongly engaged in student leadership through her College. She is currently the Partnership Director at The Organization for World Peace, expanding on her interest of international conflict; this NGO discusses non-combative solutions to armed conflicts. Corinne is currently a Research Analyst at the NATO Association of Canada. Previously, she was the Program Editor for Society, Culture, and International Relations from May to December 2015, and a Junior Research Fellow for Women and Security. She graduated from the University of Toronto with an Honours B.A. in History and English.
blog, Studies, z284 Leave a Comment Survey: American’s fear of COVID is greatly exaggerated People have a greater fear of COVID than the virus actually deserves. And this showed up in a recent Gallup survey that revealed over a third of Americans believe that half the people who come down with COVID are hospitalized. According to FEE, it didn’t stop there, only 18% of Americans were actually able to provide the right answer that only between 1% and 5% of Americans are hospitalized if they come down with COVID. In other words, 95% of Americans who catch COVID are NOT hospitalized and a significant percentage of them don’t even know they have the virus, as they are either asymptomatic or are blaming their mild sniffles on the cold or allergies. Overall, 60% of Americans believe your chances of being hospitalized from COVID is ten times higher than it actually is. There is only one reason for this, Americans have been terrorized by the mainstream media, health officials and politicians. READ: Americans Are Wildly Misinformed about the Risk of Hospitalization from COVID-19, Survey Shows. Here’s Why The same thing happened in Canada, where we’ve had nearly 27,000 COVID deaths. So, how many of those deaths were under the age of 60? The answer is simple, more Canadians under the age of 60 die in car accidents in a typical year than from COVID: • As of Aug 6, 2021, 1,574 people under the age of 60 died of COVID over the past year and a half. (Note: this is not a yearly statistic.) • 85% of the deaths were over the age of 70 and most of them were living in care homes. Health officials were so obsessed with locking down the whole country, they failed to protect the ones most vulnerable to the virus. READ: Number of COVID-19 deaths in Canada as of August 6, 2021, by age We need to respect COVID, but we shouldn’t be terrified of it. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
Gardener’s tips for this week Plant more raspberries Raspberry canes have a productive life of eight or nine years, so if you plant new ones before the old ones dwindle, you will achieve continuity. If your old plants are healthy but not growing many new canes, now is the time to propagate from them to start a new row preferably not too close to the old ones. Pick out the strongest of the new canes, and, with a sharp spade, cut halfway down between the new growth and the old and try to lift away the new one with as much soil and root as possible. Raspberries are shallow-rooted plants, so replant at the same depth; they’ll appreciate a trench enriched with lots of organic compost to enrich them and to retain moisture. Cut the new canes back to 18in and don’t let them fruit next year. Re-tie trained fruit trees After a season’s use, replace the twine holding your trained fruit trees, even if it still looks fine. Winter’s winds will find out the weakest threads, and you risk damage to trees that have taken years to train. When tying the twine to galvanised wire strung between vine eyes, twist the twine a couple of times around the wire before retying the branch it’ll help to stop the twine slipping along the wire. We find that, on soft-lime-mortar walls, twine tied to galvanised nails is just as easy a way to train the branches; if the mortar is very soft, large fencing staples will hold even better. Jerusalem artichokes People either love them or hate them, but Jerusalem artichokes are a useful winter vegetable roasted or in soups. When the tall stalks and their leaves begin to turn yellow, cut them all down to protect the plant from wind damage; the tubers can be dug up when they’re needed. It’s an invasive plant, difficult to get rid of, and we’ve found the best way is to treat it like a potato. In early March, dig and select as many tubers as you need and put them out in a row 1ft apart on the surface of your prepared ground. Now draw the earth up and over the tubers, as if you were hilling potatoes. This produces tubers of excellent size, makes the digging easier and prevents the overgrown muddle usually experienced with artichokes. Try growing a smooth-skinned variety, such as Fuseau. Tidy herbaceous plants Ground conditions are usually drier now than in the New Year, so go ahead with the selective cutting down and tidying up of your herbaceous plants. If you prefer to leave the seed heads of your plants after their summer flowering, the different shapes and shades of brown will often still look attractive through the winter, but bear in mind that they can turn into a jumbled mess if there’s heavy snow. Most perennials will continue to be very vigorous if you divide them every few years as each grows and shoots in a different way, it’s a help to know exactly how your individual plants grow. Don’t split the clumps too small before replanting them; always add some leaf mould or compost to the soil when you put them in. Philip Maddison is head gardener at Harrington Hall, Lincolnshire
Sri lanka :Is An island nation in South Asia, it was until 1972 known as Ceylon. Sri Lanka is surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait and lies in the vicinity of India and Maldives. The Administrative capital is Sri Jayewardenepura (Kotte). Sri Lanka features more than nine national parks and seven bird sanctuaries. Among the 12, 259 endangered species listed by the World Conservation Union, 43 can be found in the island’s national parks. The entire island is teeming with bird life and exotics like asian elephants and leopards are not uncommon.( the world’s largest land and sea mammals can be seen).In its southern Ocean waters,are giants of the sea- the docile Blue Whales can be seen. Buddhism was introduced beginning in about the mid-third century B.C. Buddhism has shaped the history of the country and its cultural heritage. Travel Alert In January 2011, and then February, severe rain and floods hit the central, eastern and northern districts of Sri Lanka. There are security warnings for the Northern and Eastern areas of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka is filled with cultural, historical, natural treasures, Indians, Portuguese, Dutch and British have all left their marks making delightful mix of ancient cities, monuments and atmospheric colonial architecture. These glorious ancient cities, this area is to the north of the Hill Country and much of it has been made World Heritage sites. (Sri Lanka contains an astonishing Eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites,) .The temples, palaces and monasteries in the ancient cities are full of finely sculpted detail. Main sites are Anuradhapura the ancient sacred city, Mihintale with a hilltop temple, Polonnaruwa famous for the carved Buddhas and Dambulla cave temples. Anuradhapura is the first ancient city in Sri Lanka .This ancient city was established around a cutting from the tree of enlightenment, the Buddha’s fig tree, brought there in the 3rd century B.C. by Sanghamitta. Then became one of the ancient royal capitals of Sri Lanka which remained residence for over 100 successive Sinhalese Kings for around 1500 years ,from the 4th century BC to the 8th century AD. The second most ancient of Sri Lanka’s kingdoms Polonnaruva became the capital after the fall of Anuradhapura in 993. The greatest level of building activity occurred between 1059 and 1207 . It comprises, the Brahmanic monuments built by the Cholas, the monumental ruins of the fabulous garden-city. Also known as the Golden Temple of Dambulla ,the Golden Rock is a cave temple, sited on a gigantic rock which towers more than 160m above the surrounding land . The caves has a mixture of religious and secular painting and sculpture, which are related to Lord Buddha and his life. The Buddhist cave-temple complex was established in the 3rd century BC. It is considered the largest and best-preserved cave temple complex in Sri Lanka. There are more than 80 documented caves in the surrounding. Major attractions are spread over 5 caves, There are total of 157 Buddha statues of various sizes. Sri Lanka’s commercial capital and the largest city, blending its older culture with its modern. It was a military garrison during the Portuguese and Dutch occupation from the 16th to the 18th century. Due to its large harbor, Colombo was known to ancient traders 2,000 years ago. Colombo is a bustling city of beaches, temples, monuments, museums. The most Famous landmarks in Colombo include the Gall Face Green, the Viharamahadevi Park as well as the National Museum. Jaffna is renowned being Sri Lanka’s Hindu-Tamil cultural and religious centre, It is noted for its Hindu temples, Dutch forts, the Keerimalai Baths, the tidal well and the Chundikulam Sanctuary. Beside being a heritage site ,Jaffna has many scenic beaches, the best known of which is Casuarina Beach. Is the English name for the city of Maha Nuvara , It was the last royal capital of the ancient kings’ era of Sri Lanka ,was established(1357–1374 CE). Kandy is the home of The Temple of the Tooth Relic ,one of the most venerable places for the Buddhist community of Sri Lanka and all around the world and many other temples the city could be called the cultural capital of the island.. It is now an UNESCO site. With this abundance of tourist attractions like the sunny beaches, salubrious hill country, beautiful fauna & flora, and ancient cities, Sri Lanka is mainly an agricultural country. Tea, Coconut and Rubber are the main economic agricultural crops. Tea brings beauty as well as the foreign exchange to the country. On December 26th 2004 a massive earthquake, 9.0 Richter scale struck off the west coast of Indonesia. Sri Lanka’s eastern and southern coastlines were severely affected by the tsunami (which was created by the earthquake) The damage to many of the affected areas was extensive. Hotels in the region:
Devon - UKK43 EU regions: United Kingdom > South West England > Devon > Devon map of Devon UKK43 flag of Devon UKK43 coat of arms Devon UKK43 number of inhabitants2019795 012 population density2018120.6 old-age dependency ratio201942.8 more on wikipedia * more on wikidata Q23156 * Devon slovensky: UKK43 Composition of population according to age group, education and economic activity, Devon age grouplow educationmiddle educationhigh education demographic pyramid UKK43 Devon From wikipedia: Devon derives its name from Dumnonia. During the British Iron Age, Roman Britain, and the early Middle Ages, this was the homeland of the Dumnonii Brittonic Celts. (The shift from „M" to „V" is a typical Celtic consonant shift.) The Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain resulted in the partial assimilation of Dumnonia into the Kingdom of Wessex during the eighth and ninth centuries. The western boundary with Cornwall was set at the River Tamar by King Æthelstan in 936. other: Devon, Torbay, Plymouth, Devon neighbours: Somerset, Plymouth, Torbay, Cornwall and Isles of Scilly, Dorset Suggested citation: Michal Páleník: EU regions - Devon - UKK43, IZ Bratislava, retrieved from: https://www.iz.sk/en/projects/eu-regions/UKK43 Current statistics November 2021: number of unemployed at the labour offices: 198327, of which 92941 are long term unemployed, unemployment rate 7.3 % (3.4 % long term unemployment) Highest unemployment: Rimavská Sobota 21.4 % (13.8 %), Revúca 21.3 % (13.9 %), Kežmarok 18.5 % (10.2 %), Rožňava 16.7 % (10.6 %) Lowest unemployment:: Trenčín 3.6 %, Nitra 3.6 %, Hlohovec 3.6 %, Trnava 3.6 %, Ilava 3.7 %
The Northern Peoples Norfolk Male.png Norfolk Female.png Nomad Humans The Norfolk, as they are often referred to, are any of the dwellers living north of the Great Eastern Forest. The Nomad Humans were peaceful tribe that lived in the Saskabellon plains until they were forced from their lands by Arcanus Illum. They were given the choice to join, leave or die. Rather than face extinction, they took what little belongings they had and started the trek north. They tried to make a new home near the Great Eastern Forest, but the Elves would have none of that. The Elves gave them even fewer choices; leave or die. When their migration took them to the Mellandille Mountains they were greeted with warmth and hospitality by the diminutive Berrat and the towering Gigas. Berrat Female.png Gigas Male.png Berrat Male.png The Berrat are tiny humanoids with natural shape-shifting abilities. They have a natural affinity with the north and have the capability of capturing the spirit of many northern creatures. They can shape-shift to any animal they have attuned themselves to. Curious and peaceful by nature, the Berrat lived a quiet, peaceful life with their giant neighbors. During each 'Cycle', when the civilizations of the lands were being annihilated, the Berrat and Gigas simply faded into the countryside and were ignored by the ravaging hordes. Many mistake the Gigas for brutish warriors due to their immense size and physical stature. In truth, they are a quiet, peace-loving people that mainly keep to themselves. The Gigas are divided among several fiercely independent tribes, each having its own unique customs and rituals. They are a proud people, and extremely protective of their territory. Disputes are not uncommon, but such conflicts are never settled through combat. To raise arms against a fellow Gigas, regardless of his or her tribal allegiance, is a grievous offense. Any and all disputes are instead decided by challenges in which members from each side of the disagreement compete. Disagreements between different tribes are often settled by champions chosen from the ranks of the tribes involved. It is a great honor to be chosen as champion, as they are said to be the strongest, fastest and smartest of their generation, and friendly rivalries often spring up between those who pursue such an honor. However, as events around them grow increasingly heated, the Gigas may have to put aside their differences and band together in order to survive the coming onslaught. Gigas Female.png Northern Deities Portrait Titan.jpg One of the original Travelers, Titan is a being of nearly unlimited power. After having been tricked by his two sons Ollin and Bael, Titan was imprisoned deep within the northern ocean beneath hundreds of feet of ice. Titan seethes with rage. Fueled by his anger, Titan uses huge amounts of his essence to influence the world above and help his followers, whose ultimate goal is to release him from his frozen tomb. Titan is known for his immeasurable strength, and his disciples are often recognizable by their immense physical stature and prowess in combat. Freeing Titan will provide substantial boons. Helping him to exact revenge on those that imprisoned him will come with rewards of immeasurable magnitude. Portrait Ymir.jpg Ymir is a warrior elder among the Berrat race who is known for his shrewd and sensible leadership, as well as his many feats in battle. Such wisdom is rare in one strong enough to best a Great Yeti, so Ymir was chosen by Titan and granted tremendous power. Armed with a Trident he crafted from the bones of the Great Yeti he vanquished, Ymir strives to free Titan. Ymir's followers aspire and train to reach the perfect balance between wisdom and strength, and hope to follow in his footsteps and aid him in releasing Titan. Portrait Fenrir.jpg As a young Berrat knave, Fenrir distinguished herself as a warrior with true talent and special inner strength when she defeated a Great White Wolf in single combat. In doing so, she gained immense insight into the wolf's existence, as well as the ability to transform into a Great White Wolf herself. Wise beyond her years, Fenrir recognized that many others would try and follow her path, to devastating effect. Fenrir permanently maintains her wolf form as a reminder to her people of the wolf's importance to their way of life. Her followers strive to protect the revered animal, and learn from their Goddess' profound wisdom. For those who prove themselves worthy, Fenrir offers special rewards including the ability to take the white wolf's form. Chosen and blessed by Titan, she and her followers seek to release him from his prison.
With a growing population, exploitation of natural resources increases and the need for cost efficient measures to reduce environmental impact is vital. This includes corporate environmental responsibility which could be reached through the use of ecosystem services. Constructed wetlands (CWs), can be used for treatment of drainage water and minimize harmful impact of dissolved and particulate substances from quarries. In the past, degradation of wetland habitats have resulted in loss of important ecosystem services. By CWs, we can rehabilitate both biodiversity and retention functions in a watershed. The quarry in Degerhamn, southeast Sweden, is located in a unique, semiarid alvar landscape. Typically, streams and wetlands of the alvar are small and ephemeral. Shortage of water is a main structuring factor for the ecological communities. The quality and availability of water is also of primary importance for the agricultural society. In order to compensate for the sink of groundwater into the quarry, water is pumped up the alvar and allowed to flow downstream in the catchment area. Through carefully designed monitoring, water sampling and analysis of nutrients, we will estimate nutrient loading from the quarry. Bioassays will be used to analyze limiting nutrients. Based on this information, we will propose a design of treatment wetlands. The purpose of the project is to show how wetlands functions can be optimized to local conditions in a quarry.
PDF MSWord “I give you the field.” It is unclear exactly what Ephron is saying here (and it may have been unclear to Abraham too). It may be that he is going back to the original Hittite position in Genesis 23:6, that Abraham was welcome to use the cave and the field as well, but Ephron was reluctant to sell it; or it may have been that Ephron was using an oriental custom of giving something away in full knowledge that custom would dictate that Abraham then would have to make certain gifts or concessions back to Ephron, and Ephron knew Abraham was rich and powerful. What is clear from oriental custom is that Ephron was not simply giving Abraham the field and cave. Abraham was not deterred by this unclear negotiation, and clearly insisted on paying for the cave, at which point Ephron decided upon what he considered a fair price and Abraham paid it. Commentary for: Genesis 23:11
Do reptiles have ears? © Getty Images Do reptiles have ears? Some reptiles, like snakes have no visible ears at all, whereas others have much simpler designs when compared to those that stick out on most mammals. Asked by: Ben Dawson, Exeter Some reptiles, notably snakes, don’t have ears at all. Those that do have a much simpler ear design than mammals, with the eardrum either flush with the side of the head or only slightly recessed. Around 260 million years ago, as mammal and reptile lineages first began to diverge, some of the bones of the reptile jaw evolved to form the specialised bones of the inner ear. This placed the eardrum much deeper into the head and probably favoured the evolution of an external ear structure to funnel the sound down towards it. Read more:
What are the Types and Uses of Pipe Coupling? Benefits of using Instrument valves and fittings November 29, 2021 Working Principles of Pneumatic Pipe Fittings December 4, 2021 What are the Types and Uses of Pipe Coupling? A pipe coupling, also known as a coupler, is a device that connects pipe sections while maintaining the pipes’ integrity. For the piping and plumbing sector, it is a very useful pipe fitting. To facilitate changes in direction and crossing of obstacles, most pipe installations require many sections of pipe to be connected or cut. A pipe coupling is a pipe or tube that is only a few inches long and at one or both ends, it features socket or female pipe threads that connect two pipes or tubes of the same or different sizes to form a long pipe run. Full Coupling A full coupling is used to join two pipes or a pipe to a swage or a nipple and is available with threaded or socket ends for connecting tiny bore pipes. When the pipe standard requires socket weld, a socket weld full coupling is utilised to link small-bore plain end pipes. Small-bore pipes with threaded ends are joined with a threaded complete coupling; when the two ends of coupling are different for example, one BSP threaded and the other NPT threaded, it’s called an adapter. A half coupling can be threaded or socketed on one side and is used to branch small-bore pipe from a vessel or large-bore pipe. To make a branch connection, a socket weld half coupling can be directly welded to a large bore pipe and is utilised to branch off a large bore pipe into a small bore pipe when the pipe spec calls for a socket weld in the small bore size. Reducing Coupling Reducing couplings are used to join pipes with different diameters; On each side of a reducing coupling, there are two distinct diameters of threads. When small process feeder lines are connected to large supply circuits or small diameter fittings are fitted, reducing couplings are frequently employed. These couplers have a simplistic, stepped down design and screw onto the two lengths of pipe like a normal pipe junction. While welded reducing couplers are similar to threaded reducing couplers, but they don’t have threads. Compression Coupling A compression coupling connects two perfectly aligned pipes by inserting a slotted tapered sleeve over the junction and dragging two flanges over the sleeve to centre the pipes and provide sufficient contact pressure. As the range of pipe applications expands, its strength, versatility, high flow rates, and chemical tolerance make it excellent for transporting or converting liquids, steam, solids, and air from one stage to the next. Coupler pipes are used to easily join two pipes and have flexible joints that do not require the use of any additional equipment, nevertheless offering secure, durable seals. Seal Excel pipe couplings are utilised in pipe networks on ships and offshore, for firefighting, heating, air supply/removal, and sea/freshwater storage. So that’s not the end of it; they are commonly used in plant maintenance, power plants, water and gas delivery facilities, manufacturing, structural engineering, architecture, and other equipment.
Teacher's program combines physical fitness with academics Once a week after school, Shelton Smith pulls out hula hoops, tennis balls and scooters. To teach math and English. Smith, the physical education teacher at Deerfield Park Elementary School, combines physical fitness and learning in a program he calls Edu-Fitt. The goals: to make learning fun and teach fitness habits that can help combat childhood obesity. "If they're obese now, they'll be obese adults," he says. A former fourth-grade teacher at Royal Palm Elementary in Lauderhill, Smith created Edu-Fitt a year ago because children learn better when they're active, he notes. He cites the work of Harvard's John Ratey, author of "Spark: The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the Brain" (Little, Brown and Co.; $24.99). "I cannot underestimate how important regular exercise is in improving the function and performance of the brain," Ratey writes. "Exercise stimulates our gray matter to produce Miracle-Gro for the brain." Smith also is teaching his Edu-Fitt program for the Broward County YMCA, the Deerfield Beach Housing Authority after-school program and other groups. Smith also mixes fitness and learning in his regular PE classes, and Deerfield Park Principal Constantina Pettis approves. "The kids love it," she says. On a recent school day, Kiona Davis, 10, dashed back and forth to a dry-erase board. She was factoring numbers. "I had fun," the fifth-grader said. "And I learned something." Exercising mind and body Market multiplication: The children get a math problem then push a scooter to a milk crate while holding a plastic bag full of tennis balls. Afterward, they have to take out the number of tennis balls that makes up the correct answer. Factor game: Kids are asked to find a factor of a number then must walk from one end to another, balancing a ball on a tennis racket, and write the answer down. Geometry hide-and-seek: Different geometric shapes (such as a red square) are hidden under cones, and the students must run to the cone they think has a specific shape. If their shape isn't under the cone, they have to run back and a teammate picks another cone. For more information, go to
<![CDATA[Get Your Data Science Assignment Done at AllHomeworkAssignments]]>k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm represents a machine learning technique used for classifying a set of data into its given target values . KNN could also be used for regression problems but is widely used for classification problems. Now, any classification model needs a target set on which we train the model for its further use. Most of Data Scientists manually set these target values to positive, negative or null. There are other ways of doing this for example there is a library in python known as Textblob that automatically set the target for each tweet just in few lines of code. The data set then is divided into two half's training set and testing set. Now this training as well as test set needs to be transformed into vector formation so as to be fed to the model. The models don’t understand any values other than the vectors. This could be done using another module of the python known as sklearn which contains many classification model as well as different encoders in it. Most commonly used encoding methods include: 1: Count vectorizor 2: Tfidf encoder Alternately, https://www.bestassignmentsupport.com/ can use deep learning for building a sentiment analyser. In this case libraries like keras, tensorflow and Theono could turn to be helpful Model evaluation One of the most common and appropriate technique used by https://www.bestassignmentsupport.com/ for evaluation of a classifier is through confusion matrix. A generalized form of confusion matrix is given below: By applying this technique we can derive the generalized evaluation parameters. These parameters include: Accuracy : accuracy of a classifier indicates how accurately the classifier has predicted the result. Precision: precision shows how often the result that is being predicted by the classifier is actually true, when it indicates true. The formula for precision is: Text Classification is a technique in which we assign targets or categories to textual data in accordance with the context of the data. This method is included in the fundamentals of NLP techniques. Sentiment analysis is actually an application of text classification. Other applications of text classification include spam detection , also a faster emergency response system can be made by classifying panic conversation on social media. Textual data is everywhere, may it be emails , web sites , social media , books or chats. Everywhere the sight goes there is some form of unstructured textual data present. All this data could be made usefull only if we know how to extract it and find usefull patterns in it. Structuring this large data needs scrutinizing effort but this effort could bring a lot of benifit to an individual or organization. Almost all of the text Classification Techniques could be expressed in following steps : Data Collection This is the first and a necessary step for building any Machine Learning algorithm as all the machine learning algorithms require some data to train on. Data Collection totally depends on the problem at hand , for example in case of sentiment analysis which is an application text classification, needs any raw text with attached target annotations as positive , negative and null. Similarly depending on the problem we can collect data in any form , may it be reviews of some product of some organization or it could be genre-labeled songs etc. https://www.allhomeworkassignments.com/ http://community.getvideostream.com/topic/3598/get-your-data-science-assignment-done-at-allhomeworkassignmentsRSS for NodeWed, 19 Jan 2022 00:47:23 GMTMon, 15 Mar 2021 16:32:47 GMT60
Net Present Value Calculator with Example + Steps Info mingguan Pengeluaran SGP 2020 – 2021. Info oke punya lain-lain tampil diamati secara terprogram lewat banner yg kita sisipkan di website tersebut, lalu juga dapat dichat kepada layanan LiveChat pendukung kami yang siaga 24 jam Online buat mengservis seluruh maksud para tamu. Lanjut segera gabung, dan menangkan promo Lotto serta Kasino Online tergede yang hadir di tempat kita. How profitable is a project or investment opportunity? Use this net present value calculator to find out. Net Present Value Calculator As a rule of thumb, a positive NPV results in profits and a negative NPV results in a loss. Any project or investment with a negative NPV should be avoided. Money is worth more today than in the future. That’s due to inflation and the alternative investments that could have been made in that same time period. The NPV formula is one way to account for this. To learn about an investment’s profitability and opportunity costs, check out how NPV works. What is Net Present Value (NPV)? Net Present Value evaluates the value of a potential investment opportunity. NPV projects all of the future cash inflows and outflows of an investment and subtracts them with the present-day value. 1. With this equation, you’ll get a positive or negative number. In a nutshell, a positive NPV means you’ll make more money if you proceed with the investment. 2. It factors in the time value of money that could’ve been spent on other investments – also known as the opportunity cost. NPV relies on the discount rate (derived from the capital needed to make an investment). One major flaw about calculating NPV is that it makes assumptions about future events. These future events may not be 100% reliable. How do you calculate NPV manually (without a calculator)? Due to inflation, a dollar in the future will not be worth the same as that dollar today. You can, however, invest that dollar and earn a return. Simple calculators, like ours, compute the total value today of a future stream of payments. You’ll quickly learn just how attractive a project is. To figure out NPV by hand, you need to estimate future cash flows for each period and determine the correct discount rate. Let’s put it this way: If you could receive $1,000 today or in a year, you’d probably choose to receive the money right away. But what if you could choose to receive $1,000 today or $1,100 a year from now? The 10% rate of return could make the wait worthwhile unless another investment yields a higher rate than 10% over the same period. However, if you knew you could earn 20% from a safe investment over the next year, you’d choose to receive $1000 today and not $1100 in a year, with a 10% return. Here, the 20% would be the discount rate. How NPV works Here’s an easier and quicker way to remember the concept of NPV: TVECF = Today’s value of the expected cash flows TVIC = Today’s value of invested cash Net Present Value Example Imagine your company has two investment options: 1. Invest in equipment that will cost $100,000. This equipment is expected to generate $2,500 per month in revenue for three years. 2. Invest this capital into the stock market for an expected return of 8% per year. In this scenario, buying the equipment and investing in the stock market has similar risk levels. Step 1: Identify the Number of Periods and Discount Rate Since the equipment is paid for upfront, you do not need to factor elapsed time. The $100,000 is the first cash flow included in the calculation and doesn’t need to be discounted. • Identify the number of periods (t) – There are 60 periods (i.e., months) because the equipment is expected to generate monthly cash flow for 5 years. • Identify the discount rate (i) – The discount rate is what the alternative investment is expected to pay each year vs the equipment’s monthly cash flows – in this case, it’s 8%. Because the equipment produces a monthly stream of cash flows, the annual discount rate needs to be turned into a periodic or monthly rate. Periodic Rate = ((1 + 0.08) 1/12) – 1 = 0.64% Step 2: Calculate the Adjusted Monthly Payments If cash flows are earned at the end of the month, then the first payment will arrive exactly one month after you purchase the equipment. Future payments need to be adjusted for the time value of money. First, calculate the first three payments as shown below: Step 3: Calculate Net Present Value Next, perform the full calculation with the initial investment. This calculation sums up the total of all adjusted cash flows (accounting for inflow and outflow) for the number of periods you define and the cost of the initial investment. Your output is -$93,636.65. So in this case, your net present value is negative. You shouldn’t purchase the equipment. Instead, go for the stock investments. More Helpful Tools for Your Business Net Present Value FAQs What’s a good NPV? In a nutshell, a positive-number NPV is good. This means you’ll make more money if you proceed with the investment. However, the exact number can be helpful, too. For example, many investors rely on certain NPV thresholds, oftentimes $10,000 or more, to give themselves a margin of safety. What are the advantages and disadvantages of NPV? The advantage of NPV is that it can give you today’s value of a future stream of cash flows. It also factors in the time value of money that could’ve been spent on other investments, or the opportunity cost. One major disadvantage of calculating NPV is that it makes assumptions about future events. These future events may not be 100% reliable. Why are future cash flows adjusted/discounted? Future cash flows are discounted because of something called the time value of money. This principle basically says that a dollar you have now is worth more than that same dollar in the future. This is because any money you invest now has the potential to earn compounded interest over time; more people would rather invest money they have today than wait. Bottom line This financial metric aims to capture the total value of a potential investment opportunity. By factoring in the opportunity cost of capital and risk tolerance (via discount rate), it lets you know whether or not you should proceed with an investment. Just remember that an NPV is good if it’s a positive number. Amber Kong is a content and creative at CreditDonkey, a personal finance comparison and reviews website. Write to Amber Kong at Follow us on Twitter and Facebook for our latest posts.
Armored Warfare Wiki Concept art of FV4034 Challenger 2 Main Battle Tanks, or MBTs in short, are one of the playable vehicle classes in Armored Warfare. They are the most numerous of all classes. For a full list of playable Main Battle Tanks, see Vehicles#Main Battle Tanks. One of the main features that most Main Battle Tanks have is heavy frontal armor that allow them to withstand enemy attacks as front line vehicles. While most of the armor is on the frontal section of the turret and upper front plate of the hull, the lower front plates are usually the tanks' frontal weakspot. In comparison with Light Tanks and Armored Fighting Vehicles, Main Battle Tanks have poor camouflage and view range. They lose most, if not all, of their camouflage after firing the main gun, and AP shells also lose more penetrative values over distance in comparison with other classes using similar shells and initial penetrative values, making this class not ideal for long range sniping. Although Main Battle Tanks are not agile and are vulnerable to flanking attacks, they excel at combating in narrow spaces such as urban areas and valleys. Nonetheless they are viable in almost all scenarios and should serve as the central piece in each team, leading the charge while soaking up damage for their team. The progression Main Battle Tanks have their characteristics that are largely divided by their dealership and country of origin: • American tanks (Patton series and Abrams series) are generally all-rounder vehicles. • German tanks (Leopard series) have relatively weak armor, but also very accurate guns among its class. • British tanks (Chieftain series and Challenger series) are the slowest, but also the most heavily armored. • Soviet and Russian tanks have high damage per shot and favor close range combat (aka brawling) but have terrible turret depression • Low tier Chinese tanks behave similarly to early Soviet tanks, but high tier tanks tend to have greater extremities than their Russian counterparts. • Israeli tanks are also all-rounders with relatively low damage per shot but higher health pool. • French, Italian, and Asian tanks under Francine De Laroche allow a high degree of customization, and they generally favor high offensive power over defensive features. As of October 2021, most Main Battle Tanks lose 20% camouflage when moving or turning, 25% camouflage when firing their main gun's shells, and 20% when firing missiles (if available). They also have the ability to switch ammunition type quickly when a shell is already loaded instead of having to repeat the whole reloading process all over again. External link[]
People of a certain age will remember the once common practice of blowing into Nintendo cartridges to make them work better. To people not of that age, it might seem strange. So, did blowing into a Nintendo cartridge work? And if it did, why do people like me recommend not doing it? Why people blew into Nintendo cartridges Blowing into Nintendo cartridge Blowing into Nintendo cartridges was an accepted temporary fix, but it caused corrosion on the cartridge contacts and the cartridge connector itself. This practice was a result of the design of the original Nintendo NES. In order to make the console look more like a VCR and less like a game console, it had a front loading cartridge slot with a ZIF socket. This made looting the games much more like loading a tape in a VCR, a marketing decision tied solely to the video game crash of 1983. It was brilliant marketing. But the problem was the socket didn’t grip the contacts on the cartridge very well. This led to arcing, which led to dirty contacts on the cartridge slot and on the cartridges themselves. Video game rentals exacerbated the problem. Popular games went from console to console as people rented them, depositing grime at each stop, and slowly eating away at the reliability of every console in town. Nobody knows who first thought to try blowing into cartridges when they didn’t work. But it seemed to help, and word of this life hack spread like wildfire, even without the internet. Later Nintendo consoles used a traditional cartridge slot, which made blowing into cartridges pointless. Nevertheless, some people carried on with the practice. Did blowing into Nintendo cartridges work? Experts disagree what blowing into Nintendo cartridges actually accomplished. They also disagree about whether it worked. There is little question that if the problem was dust, blowing into a cartridge would dislodge some dust and potentially help. But dust was rarely the major issue. The major issue was usually caked on dirt on the contacts, or corrosion. The droplets that you deposited on the cartridge when you blew into them may have served as a conductivity enhancer. The problem was that the results were temporary. The game would play, but there were side effects. Those droplets are mildly conductive, but they are also acidic. That means that they were also corroding the contacts on both the spot and on the cartridge. I have disassembled many consoles and cartridges and observed lots of corrosion inside. The problem was that the system could get addicted to the practice, similar to how a gas powered lawn mower gets addicted to starter fluid, creating a short-term gain, but long-term reliability issues. That’s why I don’t recommend the practice. Especially on newer Nintendo consoles, where it is completely unnecessary, but also on an NES. What to do instead of blowing into Nintendo cartridges Instead of blowing into Nintendo cartridges, the solution is to clean the cartridges and the slot they go into. This is also a very good practice on any other cartridge based console, but Nintendo got the bad rap because of the design of its NES. As long as you keep your cartridges clean, a clean console gives far fewer problems today than it did in the 1980s. That’s because you’re not renting dirty cartridges anymore. I have a blog post on cleaning both the console and the cartridges. I started messing around again with 8-bit Nintendo consoles in 2005. I have not had any problems with cartridges malfunctioning in that length of time, which is longer than the console was originally commercially available. It’s worked for me, and it will work for you.
Scientists find water in Mars’ Grand Canyon Water in Mars' Grand Canyon: Giant canyon with steep rock walls cutting across reddish landscape. This is the massive Valles Marineris canyon system on Mars, as seen by ESA’s Mars Express orbiter. It’s about 10 times longer and 5 times deeper than our earthly Grand Canyon. The European-Russian Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) has found evidence of water at the bottom of Valles Marineris. The water in Mars’ Grand Canyon is probably in the form of ice in the near surface. The Mars canyon’s water is a surprise to scientists. Image via ESA/ DLR/ FU Berlin (G. Neukum)/ CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Water in Mars’ Grand Canyon Arizona’s Grand Canyon is one of the most famous geological features on Earth. Water once rushed through it, creating the massive deep canyon system we see today. Now, a satellite has found evidence for water in Mars’ own version of the Grand Canyon, scientists announced on December 12, 2021. The joint European-Russian Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), part of the ExoMars mission, found this subsurface water in Valles Marineris. The scientists said the water is most likely in the form of ice. The researchers published the new peer-reviewed results in the journal Icarus on November 19, 2021. The March 1, 2022, volume of Icarus will also include the paper. The discovery surprised scientists TGO found the water using its FREND (Fine Resolution Epithermal Neutron Detector) instrument. The spacecraft uses FREND to map the amount of hydrogen (a primary component of water) in the immediate subsurface of the planet. The water discovery was surprising, since it shows there is a lot more water in the subsurface below the bottom of the canyon than had been expected. The water-rich area, in the central part of the canyon in Candor Chaos, is about the size of the Netherlands. As it turns out, the near-surface material in this region contains about 40% water. Igor Mitrofanov of the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow and lead author of the new study, said: With TGO we can look down to one meter below this dusty layer and see what’s really going on below Mars’ surface, and, crucially, locate water-rich ‘oases’ that couldn’t be detected with previous instruments. FREND revealed an area with an unusually large amount of hydrogen in the colossal Valles Marineris canyon system: assuming the hydrogen we see is bound into water molecules, as much as 40% of the near-surface material in this region appears to be water. Map of cratered landscape with blue, red, yellow and purple regions, areas labeled A, B and C. View larger. \| This map shows the area of hydrogen (water) in the central region of Valles Marineris. ‘C’ indicates the water-rich region. Image via I. Mitrofanov et al. (2021)/ ESA. Mapping hydrogen with neutrons So how did TGO discover the water? It used its FREND instrument to map out the hydrogen content in the Martian soil just below the surface. It does this by detecting neutrons rather than using light. Co-author Alexey Malakhov said: Neutrons are produced when highly energetic particles known as ‘galactic cosmic rays’ strike Mars; drier soils emit more neutrons than wetter ones, and so we can deduce how much water is in a soil by looking at the neutrons it emits. FREND’s unique observing technique brings far higher spatial resolution than previous measurements of this type, enabling us to now see water features that weren’t spotted before. We found a central part of Valles Marineris to be packed full of water, far more water than we expected. This is very much like Earth’s permafrost regions, where water ice permanently persists under dry soil because of the constant low temperatures. But what kind of water in Mars’ Grand Canyon? Another question is what form the water is in. Is it liquid, ice or chemically bound in the soil? Right now, the researchers think it is most likely ice, according to Malakhov: Overall, we think this water more likely exists in the form of ice. Men in dark suits talking across a conference table with white-haired man in lighter suit. Igor Mitrofanov (right) meets with ESA executives on August 25, 2015, at the MAKS international aviation and space show. Mitrofanov is the lead author of the new study about water in Valles Marineris. Image via ESA/ Stephane Corvaja (2015). However, there must be some unique conditions that allow the water ice to remain there. This is because water ice or even bound water usually evaporates this close to the equator, where the canyon system is. Only the right combination of temperature, pressure and hydration can keep the water from just disappearing. It’s also possible that something is replenishing the water, although how that would occur isn’t known. Final confirmation that the water really is ice will require additional observations, however. As co-author Håkan Svedhem said: This finding is an amazing first step, but we need more observations to know for sure what form of water we’re dealing with. Regardless of the outcome, the finding demonstrates the unrivalled abilities of TGO’s instruments in enabling us to ‘see’ below Mars’ surface, and reveals a large, not-too-deep, easily exploitable reservoir of water in this region of Mars. Clues to Mars habitability and life Of course, the discovery of water also brings up the possibility of life, past or present. This water may be left over from when Mars had abundant water on its surface a few billion years ago. Bird's-eye view of reddish terrain with valley and cliffs. Perspective view of Candor Chasma in the central area of Valles Marineris. This is where the subsurface water has been found. Image via ESA. Colin Wilson, Trace Gas Orbiter project scientist, said: This result really demonstrates the success of the joint ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars program. Knowing more about how and where water exists on present-day Mars is essential to understand what happened to Mars’ once-abundant water, and helps our search for habitable environments, possible signs of past life, and organic materials from Mars’ earliest days. Could this water even possibly support microorganisms today? Nobody knows for sure, but it is a tantalizing thought. It would be better if the water were liquid and not frozen, but even then, it is conceivable that some kinds of extremophile-type organisms could still use it. Resource for future human exploration When human astronauts eventually arrive on Mars, water will of course be a primary necessary resource. Being so close to the surface means that this water could be used to help sustain human expeditions. The frozen water in the soil, like permafrost on Earth, could easily be turned into liquid water. This would be easier than trying to use ice found at the planet’s poles or deeper underground. There may also be liquid water below Mars’ surface but it is likely even deeper down and more difficult to access. Spacecraft with solar panel and large dish antenna above reddish planet. Artist’s illustration of the joint European-Russian Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), which has been orbiting Mars since 2016. Image via ATG medialab/ ESA. Largest canyon in the solar system Valles Marineris is a massive feature in the Martian landscape, dwarfing the Grand Canyon on Earth. In fact, it is about ten times longer and five times deeper than the Grand Canyon. It stretches about 2,500 miles (4,000 km) in length and reaches depths of up to 4 miles (7 km). Imagine standing at the edge and looking across that giant chasm … The existence of water in Valles Marineris will also help scientists better understand what happened to all of the water that used to exist on the surface of Mars. Where did it all go? Is most of it underground now? Wilson said: Knowing more about how and where water exists on present-day Mars is essential to understanding what happened to Mars’ once-abundant water, and helps our search for habitable environments, possible signs of past life, and organic materials from Mars’ earliest days. Bottom line: The European-Russian Trace Gas Orbiter has discovered subsurface water ice in Valles Marineris on Mars, the largest canyon system in the solar system. Source: The evidence for unusually high hydrogen abundances in the central part of Valles Marineris on Mars December 24, 2021 Like what you read? Subscribe and receive daily news delivered to your inbox. Thank you! Your submission has been received! Oops! 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Fundamental Analysis – A Guide to Success Infographic that explains the key characteristics of fundamental analysis, who use fundamental analysis, the different types of fundamental analysis, and its limitations. One of the most significant factors that will determine your success in the stock market is the accuracy of the information on which your investment decisions are based. Which securities to invest in and when to buy or sell are decisions best made after performing a thorough fundamental analysis of the market and the securities in question. Investors can pick from various methodologies to recognize investment trends, analyze stock values, and identify exit and entry points. Two of the most commonly used analysis methods are fundamental analysis and technical analysis. This article focuses on how fundamental analysis will give you insight into a company’s health and future growth. It will help you decide whether a company will be a good investment or a stock to avoid. It will ultimately assist you in improving your portfolio’s performance. What Is Fundamental Analysis? Fundamental Analysis measures a security’s true value or intrinsic value through a detailed evaluation of important financial and fundamental factors. Although investors and analysts often use it for stock analysis, you can also use it to evaluate other types of asset classes such as bonds and forex. In fundamental analysis, analysts and investors study various microeconomic factors such as a company’s financial statements, management effectiveness, and competitive performance. Besides analyzing internal factors, fundamental analysis also looks at external macroeconomic factors like the economy, GDP, interest rates, financial markets, industry growth expectations, news, analyst projections, and more. When some of these fundamentals are positive (for example: higher than expected earnings result), the security’s price will most likely rise. Conversely, when the news is negative, the price will most likely fall. Fundamental analysis aims to determine whether the security’s current market price is higher or lower than its real value. In other words, whether the security is over or undervalued. When the intrinsic value is higher than the market price, the security is considered undervalued. This means its future price is expected to rise, and therefore, it might be a good stock to buy. However, when the true value is lower than the current market price, the security is considered overvalued. In this case, many investors will sell the stock because its price will most likely go down. Typically, long-term investors and value investors benefit most from fundamental analysis. However, short-term investors might also find value in fundamental analysis when used in combination with technical analysis to maximize their portfolio returns. There are many tools, metrics, and techniques that can be used to do fundamental analysis and value stocks. Analysts, investors, and traders love the versatility and use it in a way that suits their needs best. Although there’s no “standard” way to conduct fundamental analysis, it usually consists of three primary components: economic analysis, industry/sector analysis, and company analysis. Economic analysis demands a good understanding of macroeconomics and economic indicators. For company analysis, basic finance and accounting knowledge will help you interpret a company’s financial statements and understand the methods used for valuing a company. Two Approaches to Fundamental Analysis There are two types of fundamental analysis, top-down and bottom-up analysis. Which approach to use depends on your goals, strategy, and the type of the underlying asset. Infographic that shows the difference the 2 types of fundamental analysis: the top down and the bottom up approach. Top-Down Approach Top-down investing is an approach that starts with the analysis of the state of the economy and macroeconomic factors. Then it trickles down to sector and industry analysis and, finally, the fundamental analysis of a specific company. Analysts and investors first consider macroeconomic factors such as GDP, interest rates, unemployment levels, and inflation to forecast the direction of the economy and market trends. After looking at the big picture, investors can then identify the industries and sectors that will most likely outperform the market and offer the most lucrative investment opportunities. Finally, the analysis of specific companies within the thriving industries can start. This will eventually result in picking the individual stocks that will offer the most potential. Because the top-down approach focuses on analyzing readily available public information, most new and inexperienced investors prefer it. Other investors who prefer the top-down approach are those who lack the time or interest to do the in-depth financial calculations necessary to pick individual stocks themselves. Top-down investors often invest in industry-focused funds such as mutual funds, ETFs, and index funds. A top-down approach is a great way to diversify your portfolio and limit your investment risk. Bottom-Up Approach Bottom-up fundamental analysis is the opposite of top-down analysis and starts with the analysis at a micro-level. You start by looking at individual companies and then select one or a few of those companies based on fundamentals and specific attributes. For example, you might screen for companies with a low Price-To-Earnings ratio (PE ratio). A low P/E ratio often indicates that the stock is undervalued. Then you will do an in-depth evaluation based on each company’s financials, such as earnings growth and other fundamental factors. Factors such as a company’s management team, competitors, and its business plan should be part of the evaluation as well. You might even take external factors such a news reports and analysts’ reports into consideration. Those who favor the bottom-up method look for strong companies that will perform well over time regardless of how well the industry or overall market will perform. Bottom-up investors usually follow the long-term buy-and-hold strategy. There are pros and cons to both the top-down and the bottom-up approach to fundamental analysis. Which is best for you really is a personal matter and depends on your investment style. Another possibility is to combine both styles of fundamental analysis, as many investors do. This is not an easy thing to do. However, when you do it right, identify the correct criteria, and analyze them in a wider context, combining them can result in a highly diversified portfolio with high returns. Who Uses Fundamental Analysis? Fundamental analysis is very popular with value and long-term investors. It helps them identify undervalued stocks with good growth prospects and relatively low prices. Equity analysts also use fundamental analysis. They use it to set price targets and make buy, sell and hold recommendations to their clients. Corporate executives, such as financial accountants and strategic managers, are other users of fundamental analysis. They use it for various reasons. For example, to analyze their company’s operating efficiency and profitability and compare the company against competitors. This way, they can make plans on how to increase the company’s market share. Another reason executives use fundamental analysis is to evaluate its brand image, improve it, and increase sales. One of the biggest proponents of fundamental analysis is the legendary investor Warren Buffett. He uses fundamental analysis to help him pick the most promising value stocks for his investment portfolio. What Is Intrinsic Value? What is the value of a stock? The easiest answer is that the value of the stock is the current stock market price. The current stock price is the price that investors are willing to pay for the stock. However, external factors such as greed, news reports, and other factors often influence the market price. This can create short-term price volatility. So, an alternative question to ask is; What is a stock’s true value? In other words, what is the stock really worth, or what is its intrinsic value? Infographic that explains the difference between intrinsic value and market value of an asset. As mentioned before, investors use fundamental analysis to calculate a stock’s intrinsic value by evaluating various financial and fundamental factors. Fundamental analysis is based on several assumptions. First, it is based on the assumption that the current stock price (market value) does not reflect its true value. Another assumption is that the value reflected by the company’s fundamentals is likely to be closer to the true stock value than its current market price. The third and final assumption is that the stock market will reflect the stock’s fundamentals in the long run. This means that the market price will adjust and match the stock’s intrinsic value at some point. For example, if a stock is currently trading at $150, but several fundamental analysts believe that the stock has a higher true value, it is fair to assume that it has an intrinsic value exceeding $150. Usually, investors will take the average of the analysts’ intrinsic values to establish the intrinsic value they will use. For example, 3 analysts have calculated 3 different intrinsic values; $175, $185, and $195. Typically, an investor will then assume that the intrinsic value of the stock is $185. Analysts use different methods to evaluate and calculate a stock’s intrinsic value. Therefore, it is completely understandable that they come up with different intrinsic values. The investor’s goal is to find stocks with good fundamentals and high growth potential at a discounted price. Investors will then hold on to the stock until they believe it has reached its intrinsic value, at which point they will sell it at a profit. Types of Fundamental Analysis Fundamental analysis covers anything related to the strength and well-being of a company. Typically, the first things that come to mind are hard numbers such as revenue, profits, and earnings per share. However, other, less tangible factors, such as market share and brand recognition, also come into play when analyzing the health of a company. Therefore, company fundamentals are broken down into two categories, qualitative and quantitative factors. Qualitative analysis Qualitative fundamental analysis involves data relating to the character or quality of the company. This type of data is difficult to measure because it is intangible. Here are some of a company’s key qualitative fundamental factors: Business model – A business model is a framework of how a company plans to make money with its product or service in a specific market. This framework defines what the company does and what its intent is. This business model also includes the company’s value proposition, cost structure, and key metrics. Competitive advantage – A company’s distinct competitive advantage, and its ability to keep its competitive advantage, decides its long-term success. It protects its market share and profitability. Businesses with a compelling advantage over the competition are usually good investments. Examples of competitive advantages are unique product features that are difficult to copy and technologies that are patent protected. Keeping a competitive advantage usually ensures solid future returns for shareholders. Corporate governance – Corporate governance outlines the system of policies, rules, and practices within an organization that dictates how to direct and manage a company. It shows the relationships between directors, management, and stakeholders. Investors typically look for companies that adhere to the following principles: accountability, transparency, fairness, and responsibility. Many investors focus on companies in which shareholder communication is transparent. Management – Many investors believe that a company’s management team is one of the most critical considerations when investing in stocks. Even the best business model can fail if management is unable to execute the plan. However, evaluating management is usually not an easy task. One way to check up on management is by researching team member biographies and their performance in their previous positions. There are many other qualitative factors investors should take into account when analyzing the fundamentals of a company. Some of these include industry growth and regulations, market dominance, patents, brand recognition, business cycles, etc. Quantitative Analysis Quantitative fundamental analysis generally relies on hard data and numbers that can typically be found in a company’s financial statements. An example of quantitative analysis is to compare a company’s 1st quarter current year earnings with its 1st quarter earnings of the previous year. Another example would be to analyze a company’s stock price over the last 10 years. A company’s financial statements are the most critical components of quantitative fundamental analysis. These statements disclose information about the company’s financial performance and overall health. The information used in quantitative analysis can generally be found in one of the following three financial statements: the Balance sheet, the Income statement, and the Statement of Cash Flows. Balance Sheet A balance sheet is a comprehensive record of a company’s liabilities, assets, and shareholders’ equity at a specific point in time. It offers a snapshot of what a company owns, owes, and the amount invested by its shareholders at a specific point in time. A balance sheet can help you understand a company’s financial position and thus help you determine a company’s real worth. A balance sheet has two sections. One side represents a company’s assets, and the other side shows its liabilities and shareholders’ equity. A company’s assets are the resources a company owns or controls, including machinery, cash, buildings, and inventory. Liabilities represent debt, while equity represents the shareholders’ contribution to the business and includes retained earnings. Retained earnings are the previous year’s earnings that have not been distributed but have been put back into the business. Income Statement An income statement measures the performance of a company over a given time period. Income statements are typically published quarterly and annually and contain information about profit, profit margins, expenses, and revenue generated from a company’s business operations. You can analyze income statements on a year-to-year and quarter-to-quarter basis to get a good understanding of a company’s operations and its performance in comparison to its peers. Investors should pay attention to high expenses, depreciation, financing costs, and any other line items that erode a company’s profitability. Income statements help investors understand whether the company will be able to sustain its earnings growth. Statement of Cash Flows The Statement of Cash Flows presents a record of cash inflow and outflow over a specific time frame. The three main activities that are included in the statement of cash flows are Cash From Investing (CFI), Cash From Financing (CFF), and Operating Cash Flow (OCF). Many investors pay close attention to cash flow statements because they are hard to manipulate. This is why investors use them as a more reliable measure of a company’s performance than income statements because income statements are sometimes “enhanced” by creative accountants. Financial Ratios Quantitative fundamental analysis also relies heavily on the use of financial ratios. Ratio analysis typically involves data from financial statements used in calculations to measure a company’s overall health and prospects. Financial Ratios Used for Fundamental Stock Analysis Fundamental analysis involves analyzing a company’s fundamentals to find its true value and its future growth prospects. There are many different tools you can use to analyze a company’s profitability and future performance. A key part of fundamental analysis is ratio analysis. Infographic that shows 5 popular financial ratios used by stock investors and their preferred values. Here are some of the most common financial ratios that analysts and investors use to gauge a company’s fundamentals: P/E Ratio You can calculate the Price-to-Earnings ratio by dividing the company’s share price by its Earnings Per Share (EPS). It shows you how many dollars you have to pay for $1 in earnings. Typically, a lower P/E ratio means a good investment opportunity, while a high P/E ratio indicates an overvalued stock. However, sometimes, a high P/E ratio is good because it might mean that investors expect high future growth rates and that the high price is justified. An example of this would be the high P/E ratios of technology stocks. Besides indicating whether a stock price is overvalued or undervalued, the P/E ratio also allows investors to compare stocks across the same sector or industry group and even across a benchmark like the S&P 500 index. The P/E ratio is a great starting point for identifying potential investments. EPS Ratio This ratio gives an idea of the businesses’ profitability. Earnings Per Share indicate how much profit is allocated to each outstanding share. A higher ratio denotes better performance and profitability and hence a better investment opportunity. You can easily calculate EPS by dividing the company’s earnings by the number of shares outstanding. Luckily many financial websites publish this number, so you do not have to calculate it. PEG Ratio The Price Earnings Growth ratio is an indicator that shows you how much you pay per unit of the expected earnings growth. The PEG ratio can be calculated by dividing a company’s P/E ratio by its earnings growth rate over a specific period of time. Investors often prefer it over the P/E ratio because the PEG doesn’t just look at historical earnings but estimates how likely it will gain value over time. It is best to only use it for companies with high growth rates and high P/E ratios. It can uncover companies with relatively limited earnings today that might, in fact, be strong investment candidates when future growth potential is taken into account. Typically, stocks with a PEG ratio between 0 and 1.0 are considered undervalued, and stocks with a PEG ratio higher than 1.0 are considered overvalued. The degree to which a PEG ratio result indicates an over or underpriced stock varies by industry and company type. D/E Ratio The Debt-to-Equity ratio tells you how much debt a company uses to finance its operations. For example, if a company has a D/E ratio of 2.0, it has $2 of debt for every $1 in equity. Most investors prefer to invest in companies with low D/E ratios because the less debt a company has, the lower the risk. ROE Ratio Return on Equity (ROE) is a popular financial indicator. You can calculate it by dividing a company’s shareholders’ equity by its net income. It is usually expressed as a percentage and measures how efficient a company is when using its shareholders’ equity. The higher the ratio, the more efficient the company is. P/B Ratio The Price to Book ratio (P/B) shows the market value of a stock compared to its book value. You can calculate the P/B value by dividing a company’s stock price by its book value per share. The book value can be found on a company’s financial statements and is typically reported quarterly. A P/B ratio higher than 1 indicates that the market believes that the stock will grow faster than its book value suggests. High P/B ratios are common in high-growth stocks. Beta (β) The Beta of a stock is a measurement of its volatility of returns relative to the market. The higher the Beta, the higher the volatility, but also, the higher the return potential. When Beta is between 0 and 1, the stock is less volatile than the market, and when Beta is greater than 1, the stock is more volatile than the market. When Beta is lower than 0, it indicates a negative correlation between the stock and the market. Dividend Yield This indicator shows the percentage a company pays out to its shareholders annually in dividends per dollar invested. You can find the dividend yield by dividing the yearly dividends per share by the total share value. Differences between Fundamental Analysis and Technical Analysis Fundamental analysis and technical analysis are used to analyze securities to make informed investment decisions. However, the two methods are quite different, and each has its own strengths and applications. Fundamental analysis looks at a company’s financial statements and ratios, its growth prospects, management team, performance, press releases, and other fundamental factors specific to the company. Its objective is to find undervalued assets and to hold on to them for the long term. In other words, you can use fundamental analysis to identify assets with intrinsic values that are below their current market values. Then you hold on to these assets for the long term until their market value rises to the same level as its intrinsic value, at which point you should sell the asset at a profit. Fundamental analysis is a favorite investment strategy for value investors and long-term investors saving for retirement. Although fundamental analysis is suitable for stocks, bonds, and derivatives, it does not work well for other types of securities. On the other hand, technical analysis focuses on recent price and volume trends. It is useful for forecasting future price movements to find the best moment to enter and exit the market. Traders interested in short-term price movements generally carry out this analysis on charts. Technical analysts do not rely on a company’s fundamentals but instead, they rely on various technical indicators and chart patterns to predict a company’s future stock price behavior. Technical analysis is suitable for all asset classes. Limitations of Fundamental Analysis Although fundamental analysis is a great tool to find undervalued stocks, it does have some limitations. Investors should be aware of these limitations and adjust their strategy accordingly before making investment decisions. Here are some of the key limitations of fundamental analysis. Time-consuming – Fundamental analysis is often time-consuming because it involves in-depth research into a company’s well-being. This is why fundamental analysis only works for longer-term investors. Investors with limited time might prefer the top-down analysis over the bottom-up approach. Complex – To determine if a company will be a good investment, you must evaluate each company independently. The valuation of specific companies across industries can become very complex as different industries require different valuation techniques. This can make the process difficult and increase the chances of ambiguous results. Over-dependence on past data – Fundamental analysis uses historical data to predict a company’s future growth. The fact that fundamental analysis finds undervalued stock does not guarantee that its intrinsic value will go up in the future. False or biased data – Fundamental analysis is based on publicly available data and information coming directly from the company. There is a chance that analysts “misinterpret” this data during their analysis or that management manipulates data in their favor. This can result in incorrect information, leading to investment decisions that will not produce the returns you might expect. Incorrect assumptions – When you project a company’s prospects based on assumed growth rates or interest rates, those assumptions must be correct. If your expectations are too high or unachievable, the entire investment can be a bust. Fundamental analysis is a vital component of any investor’s toolkit. Its main purpose is to evaluate the quality of an investment and to determine the fair value of a company. Stock analysts use it to make recommendations to their clients, and investors use it to maximize their portfolio performance. Fundamental analysis includes evaluating a company’s qualitative and quantitative factors, industry/sector analysis industry, and economic analysis. Analysis of a company’s financial statements and ratios, competitiveness, management efficiency, and growth prospects are all part of fundamental analysis. Its main focus is finding out-of-favor stocks and companies that trade significantly below their “true” or intrinsic value. Fundamental analysis mostly benefits long-term investors. However, short-term investors can benefit from this strategy as well when used in combination with technical analysis. You can fit both types of analysis to suit your investment style, time horizon, and type of security. By analyzing securities from as many different angles as possible, you most certainly will improve your chances of identifying investments with the largest return potential. Vikram R Vikram Raghavan is a value investor, technologist, and Finexy co-founder. In addition to stock market investing, Vik also invests and advises startups on growth marketing and product management. Vik's work is focused on themes of marketplaces, micro-entrepreneurship, marketing automation, and user growth. Previously, Vikram led product and growth teams at, focusing on efforts across acquisition, new user experience, churn, and notifications/email. He holds an MBA in Finance from Temple University and a B.S. in Computer Information Systems and Finance from Bemidji State University.
How do you playtest a board game for 5-year-olds? The very concept of the kindergarten was born in Germany, and with it the idea that young children can learn a lot through play. It’s no wonder then that some of the world’s best educational children’s games are made there as well. But how do you go about designing games for five-year-olds? HABA, the German toymaker with bestselling board games like First Orchard and Dragon’s Breath, may have the answer. Parents and educators will likely recognize HABA’s games for their bright yellow boxes all over store shelves. According to game designer Markus Singer, everything begins with a prototype — usually something handmade. His team receives some 1,500 prototypes each year, but only 600 of those actually make it to the testing stage. Even fewer get put in front of their target audience: young children. “We have two kindergartens right here at our department,” Singer said in an interview with Polygon. “We take the games and play them with the children in kindergarten. That’s a big part of testing these pre-selected games, because sometimes we think, ‘Well, they could be good for kids.’” But, as with most things, kids have a knack for poking holes in a game’s design. Take, for example, the soon to be released game called Hammer Time, which comes to stores in the United States this fall. Box art for Hammer Time showing a dwarf swinging a hammer inside a mine. In the corner a green dragon looks on. Photo: Charlie Hall/Polygon When the prototype, created by Shaun Graham and Scott Huntington, showed up it was a game about a broken-down old truck. Players needed to hit the truck with a hammer to knock a few screws loose. The number of screws that fell off determined how far a player pawn moved around a separate track. Its novelty (What kid doesn’t want to whack stuff with a hammer?) made it a hit, but the theme and the mechanics of the game itself needed more work. That’s when Dr. Jan-David Freund helped to pluck it off the table and refine it. Freund is a specialist in early childhood education and psychology. His job is to evaluate HABA’s entire catalog of roughly 300 games, and then align those games to learning goals it’s trying to support. In game design terms, he’s also there to simply lay out what children are capable of doing at what age, effectively helping tailor a game to meet a very specific audience of players — and the parents and educators that serve them. “This is really the point where I start negotiating [with] product management,” Freund said. “They have to focus on the numbers: what sells well, and what age groups we have, [and] where do we lack a game of this or that size. There might not be games [in a certain category at all].” Theming for those games is also important, both to match the age range and also the desirability for certain populations. For example, the busted old pickup of Hammer Time’s prototype became a mine filled with gems during the design phase. Players changed roles too, from truck drivers to small colorful dwarves. But it’s the mechanics of these family-style games where the rubber really meets the road. Freund says that lots of attention was initially given to the hammer itself. “What is the design for the hammer? Is the hammer fine for the age range that we’re aiming at? Is this a task that children can do? We made it [so that] the children would not have to punch too hard, so the gems would fly all over the place. Are they able to make fine hammering movements, or so on. So these were questions that I was asked to answer.” Hammer time set up for play. The box insert is place upside down, with a mousepad-like bit of cloth on top to hold all the gems quietly in place. Photo: Charlie Hall/Polygon But the PhD’s input didn’t stop there. The newly themed game required players to knock a certain number of gems out of the mine. But, there were different consequences depending on if an odd or even number of gems fell out. How do you teach the concept of odd and even to a five-year-old who can barely count? The answer came in charming little drawings of two dwarves trying to share their stash of gems equally. One card shows two full bags and two happy dwarves, while another shows two unhappy dwarves, two bags, and a lone remaining gem between them. The pictures clearly illustrate the concept, and parents and educators can be on hand to reinforce it. Cards showing odd and even numbers. Photo: Charlie Hall/Polygon “This is called the concept of scaffolding,” Freund said. “[A child] might not be able to do it now, but if someone helps them to make the first steps, we can get them into this. The thing about scaffolding is if you bring children to that point, it really fosters them the best. If you make them [do something] that, at the beginning, they could not do, only with help, and they start doing it on their own, this is really the booster for their development. So we try to find the right sweet spot between what they already can do, what they’re interested in, and what helps them the most to get to the next level.” Together, Freund and Singer went even further by suggesting additional tasks that would help extend the replayability of the game — and further reinforce learning goals appropriate for five-year-olds. Bundled with Hammer Time is a simple wooden die with a bright color on each face. Roll the die each round and, on a roll of purple, kids will have to hit the box with their hand instead of the hammer; on a red they’ll need to lie down with their head on the table, as if they were sleeping; on a blue they’ll need to hammer with their off hand. All of these modes help to build a child’s manual dexterity. With those additions and changes in place, it was then up to Singer and his team to bring the game to market. The separate, stand-alone truck became the bottom of the box itself. Once removed from the lid, all you have to do is place a special adhesive pad on the bottom of the box to make the game much quieter. Then dwarves were illustrated along the sides of the box, with a set of gems pictured there to help younger children count, comparing their collection of gems against the goal. In the end, of course, it’s the gameplay itself where the magic really happens. “There’s this last aspect,” Dr. Freund said, “of the daring and of taking risks. So the children, really, if they are too cautious they will lose the game. But you have to take some risk. You have to evaluate the situation on the table, ‘Oh, he’s got only one card left! I have to make a push!’ And so of course, this can be a bad decision. But that’s how risks work, and the children have to dare something — but in a controlled situation. And daring and going outside of yourself is something that children need some support to do.” Hammer Time was previewed with a retail copy provided by HABA. Vox Media has affiliate partnerships. These do not influence editorial content, though Vox Media may earn commissions for products purchased via affiliate links. You can find additional information about Polygon’s ethics policy here. Rhino Hero Super Battle Prices taken at time of publishing. An expanded version of the popular Rhino Hero game by HABA. It’s a card stacking game where parents and children can compete on relatively even footing.
Why Is Kansas City Split? Why is KC divided? City founders derived the name from the Kansas, or Kaw, River which was named for the Kansa Indians. The state of Missouri then incorporated the area as the City of Kansas in 1853 and renamed it Kansas City in 1889. This area became part of the Kansas Territory in 1854. Is Kansas City split between two states? As you can see from the map (click on map for larger version) the greater Kansas City area is split in two by a state line. Literally, on one side of the street you are in Missouri, the other side Kansas. To the north and then west you can see that it is the Missouri river that divides Kansas from Missouri. Is Kansas City more in Kansas or Missouri? You might be interested: Quick Answer: What Is The Abbreviation For Kansas? Which is bigger Kansas City MO or KS? Is it better to live in Kansas City Missouri or Kansas? Will Kansas City Chiefs have to change their name? Kansas City Chiefs Removed Their Offensive Mascot, But Have No Plans To Change Name. Should the Kansas City Chiefs change their name? So Warpaint won’t be running at Arrowhead anymore.” The N.F.L. team in Kansas City, Mo., will remain the Chiefs, however, like baseball’s Atlanta Braves and the Chicago Blackhawks of the N.H.L., which have said they have no plans to change their names. How old is Kansas today? Where is the state line between Kansas and Missouri? Just north of I-70, the state line runs into the Missouri River. It bisects the river all the way to the Iowa state border. If you drive from the northern end of the metro (where the state line is the Missouri River) to the southern tip at 155 th street – it’s approximately 52 miles. You might be interested: How Did The North Feel About The Kansas Nebraska Act? What is Kansas City Kansas known for? Which is safer Kansas City KS or Kansas City? What is the population of Kansas City 2021? The current metro area population of Kansas City in 2021 is 1,698,000, a 0.71% increase from 2020. Leave a Reply
Japan quake shows how stress alters the brain Japan quake shows how stress alters the brain Victims had shrinkage in certain regions, but some areas rebounded with emotional recovery, study finds. "Higher self-esteem is one of the most important traits of resilience in the context of ," said study author Atsushi Sekiguchi, who noted that these latest findings also illustrate that are dynamic and fluid over time. Sekiguchi's prior research had already demonstrated that people with lower self-esteem following a traumatic event are likely to experience a quick, short-term drop in the size of their and hippocampus. The first brain region is involved in decision-making and emotions, while the second area is involved in memory. But by tracking the same individuals over time, Sekiguchi's team observed that the "part of the brain volume which had decreased soon after a stressful life event [ultimately] increased, especially in individuals with [renewed] high self-esteem." However, one year after the earthquake both and brain size had rebounded significantly. Less hopeful were further observations regarding a part of the brain known as the hippocampus. That region had also decreased in size right after the , in conjunction with the onset of both depression and anxiety. But while over the course of the following year depression and anxiety levels neither fell nor rose, the hippocampus continued to shrink. The team said more research is needed to continue to monitor how brain structure changes play out further down the road. But Sekiguchi's team concluded that, at minimum, brain changes related to are fluid by nature, moving in one direction or another over time. Dr. Joe Verghese, a professor of neurology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City, expressed little surprise at the findings, while noting that stress can come in different shapes and sizes. "What's specifically at issue here is chronic stress due to an acute event, which is a bad thing," he said. "And, yes, the brain changes they saw as a result are interesting and make sense because the hippocampus is the seat of memory in the brain, and also has receptors for stress hormones, like cortisol. So, the theory is that if you stimulate these receptors too much they can down-regulate and result in shrinkage," Verghese explained. "But a little bit of stress is actually good for you," Verghese suggested. "If you're studying for an exam, then experiencing some stress is not a bad thing. Otherwise everyone who goes to school would have a shrunken hippocampus." Explore further Stress shrank brain area of Japan tsunami survivors: study More information: Visit the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health for more on stress. Journal information: Molecular Psychiatry Copyright © 2014 HealthDay. All rights reserved. Citation: Japan quake shows how stress alters the brain (2014, April 29) retrieved 18 January 2022 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-04-japan-quake-stress-brain.html Feedback to editors
The Russian Empire before Nicholas II: How and why did the Russian Empire come to be so large by 1917? 2/2 In the previous post we looked at how and why the Russian Empire had expanded throughout the centuries. Now, it is the time to look at how the rulers of the Russian Empire consolidated their power across their realm. The Russian Empire: Consolidation of power As it was mentioned in the previous post the Russian Empire grew out of a relatively small and relatively powerful Muscovite state in North-Eastern Europe, which was landlocked and had little natural borders therefore allowing various surrounding tribes to invade it easily. Politically, Muscovy had little significance for contemporaneous Western major powers, like the Holy Roman Empire, but was one of the more prominent states in the Eastern Europe. This could be evidenced by the wars in which the Muscovite rulers involved themselves in, especially those that had occurred during the 1600s. For example, in 1654, under tsar Alexei I, there was some expansion towards modern-day Baltic states and Belarus, which were largely owned by Charles X of Sweden. Although the campaign of 1654 was relatively successful, with the Muscovites gaining Smolensk, Kiev and access to the Don river this success was short lived as the Swedish Empire continued to grow. Consequently, as has been shown above, the Muscovite state was a relatively small and a relatively important entity. The map of the modern-day Ukraine. The purple line is used to signify the approximate territories that went to Muscovy by terms of the Russo-Swedish negotiations in 1654-57 Here is a fun video that discusses the history of the Swedish Empire So how did it consolidate all the power in the due process of expansion if it was kind of weak, you may ask? As with any other historical question we will have to consider some factors and think for yourself which one is more likely to be the answer. Three factors have been chosen to discuss this topic, but they are by no means a definitive answer to the question. These factors are: the army, Russification and the centralised autocratic government. 1. The army The army is an important factor to consider as it allowed to not only expand the empire, but also to strengthen the hold in the newly invaded territories. In this period in history, a strong army was the key to success and potential political power. By 1698 Russian army was, needless to say, an unstructured mess. There were very few professional commanders and it mostly consisted of a bunch of nobles and their peasants fighting for the tsar (who also, surprise, surprise did not receive professional military education). However, this all changed when Peter I had decided to reform the Russian army according to the Western standards as part of his Westernisation policy. Although there were some negative effects, one of the positive effects was that Russia now had a more effective army. This could be evidenced by the 1709 victory at Poltava over the Swedish troops, which was an important victory because the Swedish troops were considered to be the most powerful ones in Europe in that period in History and thus the victory at Poltava had put Russia onto the contemporaneous political map. Consequently, one of the reasons why the Russian Empire started to grow and to consolidate its power was due to the effectiveness of the reformed Russian Army. Within nearly a century, by the 1850s the Russian troops were able to help to restore the Bourbons onto the French throne following Napoleon’s rule in 1814 and in 1828 via the terms of the Treaty of Turkmenchay the Russian Empire added to her dominions most of the modern-day central Armenia, most of the modern-day south-eastern Azerbaijan. Such victories ‘signalled’ to the West that Russia was a politically strong country with a powerful army, therefore placing her as an important player onto the contemporaneous political scene, whose wishes should not be disregarded. However, the army was not the most important factor when it came down to consolidation of the Russian Empire’s rule in the newly acquired territories. Although most of the Russian Emperors had utilised the army to control the newly conquered territories by either stationing various troops across the region or by placing a military man in charge of the region, such tactic proved unsuccessful. This was mostly because these military men were often unsympathetic towards local laws and customs as well as there being no clear-cut guidance from the Imperial government on the role of these men. Both of these factors led to alienation of the local population from the ruling class, thus causing various frictions that often resulted in military clashes. Think like a Historian: Is having a powerful army always an efficient way for a government to consolidate its power over the new territories? 2. Centralised autocratic government Another important factor to consider, is the centralisation of the Government in the Russian Empire. This is a very important factor to consider because centralisation allowed to integrate administratively new territories and therefore to impose control over them. In the early 17th century Muscovite government was not particularly centralised as Ivan IV did not leave any heirs to the throne thus causing a series of major political shake-ups at the Muscovite court. These political tensions involved various noble families attempting to install their own men as rulers, which caused focus on the internal intrigues rather than the consolidation of the political power in the domain. This could be seen in the rebellions in this period. For example, in the period between 1654 to 1662 there were two major popular rebellions that were mostly caused by population’s disagreement over the unfair taxation. As a result, the Muscovite Government was not particularly centralised at the beginning of the 17th century. However, by the end of the 17th century this situation changed because Muscovy was thrown into rapid Westernisation by Peter I. This process involved Westernising everything—the administrative structures like the Court, the Government and the Army; as well as cultural life. One of the outcomes of this policy was the attempt to make the Muscovy’s Government more centralised. This could be seen, for example, in Peter I’s creation of the Senate, which was a governmental body the main function of which was to coordinate the work of various central and local organs, such as supervision of taxation. Furthermore, the reign of Peter I saw the replacement of the prikazy system, which was very clunky and slow, to a kollegy system, which was based on a hierarchy that was responsible directly to the Crown. Consequently, the centralisation of the Russian Empire was started by Peter I and was continued by his successors. Here is a quick and very fun introduction to Peter I (‘The Great’) Indeed, the centralisation of the Government was embraced by future Russian rulers as the Empire grew larger , thus making the previously established system inadequate for control, which thus resulted in a higher level of control being required by the Imperial Government. For instance, Empress Catherine continued to shape local administrative control following Pugachev’s Rebellion by forming the zemstvo based system. The Russian Crown also tightened the centralisation of the government via censorship. For example, Nicholas I had formed a governmental body, called His Imperial Majesty’s Own Chancellery, that was responsible for dealing with internal affairs, including taxation matters, clarifying and passing royal decrees and censorship. As a result, part of the centralisation process was also linked with state-based censorship; this unity between the state and the censorship was arguably a highly effective device to ‘glue’ the Russian Empire together before the 1900s because it limited the spread of anti-Crown ideas. Think like a Historian: What other methods can a ruler use to centralise their Government? 3. Russification The final important factor that will be discussed is the Russification policy of the Russian rulers prior to the 1917 Revolution. The main aim of the Russification policy was to integrate various ethnicities and nationalities of the Empire into its political body. Generally speaking, the official policy since the reign of Nicholas I was to impose the principle of “Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Nationality”. This was done by both peaceful and violent methods. The peaceful methods included teaching the native populations the Russian language and classifying it as the ‘best’ language as well as using the Orthodox Church for local control. Nevertheless, the more violent methods were used more often than the peaceful ones. For example, such was the case with the Russian policy in Caucasus in the 1860s. When the Imperial Russian Army had invaded this region it used violent military methods to impose and to consolidate its rule in this territory. Although such a tactic was practical short-term, long-term it created alienation and embitterment from the local population, the effects of which are still seen to this day. Think like a Historian: To what extent a Church may help the Government in consolidating its rule in newly acquired territories? Does this Church-State relationship flow both ways? Important vocabulary: • Muscovy: also known as the Grand Duchy of Moscow; it was a governmental principality in the North-Eastern Europe near the modern-day Baltic states • Westernisation: a policy introduced by Peter I, which aimed to reform the Russian Government, the army and the cultural life in accordance to Western European standards • Centralisation: a process by which the government becomes ‘tied’ to the important administrative city (usually the capital of the state) • The Senate: a governmental body that was introduced by Peter I to centralise the contemporary Muscovite Government • Prikazy: a Medieval Russian term for a governmental position, or an office • Kollegy: a system of government that was introduced by Peter I as part of his Westernisation reform. This system was answerable directly to the Russian Crown. • Zemstvo: a 19th century Russian name for a district council • Censorship: a process by which either an individual or the state prohibits the publishing of a particular literary or cinematic medium that explores an idea that may be a threat to the state’s political or social security • Russification: a policy followed by the Russian Imperial Crown to integrate various nationalities and ethnicities via both peaceful and violent means into the Empire • Caucasus: an area near the Black and the Caspian Seas that include modern-day states like Georgia and Azerbaijan To explore the topic further… • If you are interested in the figure of Peter I and his role in the formation of the Russian Empire, there is a very good biography written by Robert K. Massie which is called Peter the Great: His Life and World. It’s a very enjoyable read and an excellent starting point for researching the tsar’s reign. • If you are interested in seeing how the Russian Empire developed, The Romanovs: 1613-1918 by Simon Sebag Montefiore is a good place to start. However, please be aware that it spends a significant amount of the book on the explanation of the Russian reasons for the expansion of the Empire and does not give enough context of the political scene in Europe. Russia 1905-1917: Why did the Tsarist Regime collapse in 1917? 1. Treatment of various ethnicities The Russian Empire was very large and contained very different groups of people. This occurred due to various wars that Russia had led since the mid.1700s. As a result of these wars the Russian Empire had a lot of people who had differing religious beliefs. For example, some of such groups were the Buddhists of the Kalmykia region, Shamanists of various Siberian regions, such as the Buryat region, and the Jews who who were mostly settled in large cities, like Moscow and St Petersburg. Just as the religious beliefs were different, so were the ethnicities. For example, the Russian Empire contained the Ukrainians (or New Russians as they were known contemporaneously), Latvians, Lithuanians, Belorussians to name a few of them. This is a map of the Russian Empire in 1917. The marks represent either important cities or the regions that are mentioned in the text. (CC: Wikimedia Commons) Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries the Russian Crown did not treat these minorities well. For instance, under Alexander III, the Crown argued that all ethnic and religious minorities should become ‘Great Russians’, which meant that if various peoples did not want to obey the Russian Crown’s vision of what being Russian meant they were considered third-rate citizens and were not allowed to work ordinary jobs in the cities. When people rebelled locally against such laws they were suppressed harshly by the Crown. Nicholas II went much further than his predecessors in treatment of various ethnic groups in Russia because he enhanced the previous oppressive state policies. State backed up anti-Semitism was rampant by 1900. For example, Vyacheslav Plehve, Nicholas II’s Minister if the Interior, encouraged Jewish pogroms in 1904 as it was believed by Russian officials that Jews were leading a world-wide conspiracy against the Russian tsar. Such treatment of different ethnic groups caused many people from these ethnic groups to join anti-tsarist groups, such as the Socialist Revolutionary Party. Such groups rapidly gained support and played important roles in 1905 and 1917 revolutions, ultimately overthrowing the tsarist regime. Think like a Historian: Can a geographically large nation expect all people to support its ideas? 2. Weak Governance Another reason why the Tsarist regime had collapsed in 1917 was because Nicholas II was a weak tsar. Nicholas II was an autocrat, which meant that only he had the direct power to control the entirety of the Russian Empire. SOURCE TIME: This is a photo of Tsar Nicholas II. What can you tell about him and how the Russian Crown tried to present itself as? However, this did not mean that he was skilled at his job. For example, he avoided making important decisions that could only come from him as he was the head of the autocratic system. This could be seen in the Tsar’s failure to listen to the worker’s demands on Bloody Sunday in 1905 as well as him disregarding the Duma demands in 1905 by disintegrating it. Both of these events caused people to argue more and more radically against the Tsarist regime. This is a short contemporary video of the crowd that had gathered to listen to Lenin’s speech either shortly before the 1917 Revolution or slightly after it. Who do you think these people are apart from being Lenin’s listeners? The main weakness of Nicholas II, however, was that he put the needs of his family above the ones of the state. This could be evident by the Tsar’s treatment of Grigori Rasputin, who was surprisingly not “Russia’s favourite love machine” as the band Boney M. claims, but an eccentric Siberian peasant who attached himself to the Tsar’s court and soon was able to have some influence on the Royal family and the daily decisions that they were making. For example, when Nicholas II went to personally command the Russian forces in 1915, the Tsarina (tsar’s wife) was influenced by Rasputin to install incompetent ministers. Despite vocal opposition to Rasputin that came from more competent ministers, Nicholas II wavered at sending Rasputin away from the court and even when he had done so he kept up correspondence with him. This angered some Russian nobles because they saw that the tsar was incapable of making his own decisions and therefore was weak. Think like a Historian: Why would people chose to support a revolution, in your opinion? 3. Russian Empire’s involvement in World War 1 Another reason why the Tsarist regime fell in 1917 was because of the Russian Empire’s involvement in World War 1. Since the mid 1750s there were several Tsars who had attempted to modernise the Russian army so make it more effective in combat by using the Prussian army as its perfect example, but these attempts did not go far. This is a very short video that explains why everyone in 18th century Europe were madly in love with the Prussian army and why the army itself was not as perfect as it seemed to be. By 1910s the Russian army consisted of mostly untrained peasants and working men and had a weak fleet in comparison to other armies. This meant that the Russian army was lacking in effectiveness significantly, which could be seen in a wide range of serious military losses such as the Battle of Tsushima Strait (1905). Despite such loses the Russian Empire joined the World War 1 in 1914 in order to protect her interests in the Balkans. This war strained the already unstable economy of the Russian Empire and caused extreme food shortages in major cities, like St Petersburg, leaving many people starving and angry at the Crown for not helping them. Consequently, more and more people joined anti-Tsarist groups that eventually overthrow the Tsarist regime in the Russian Empire. Think like a Historian: What are the differences between a rebellion and a revolution, in your opinion? Important vocabulary: • Communism: a socio-political theory developed by a German philosopher Karl Marx, which argues that all property is owned by the community and everyone receives equal wages • Social Revolutionaries: a radical, violent group that opposed the tsar strongly. Their beliefs were grounded in the teachings of Karl Marx • Autocracy: a system of government in which all of the power is in the hands of one individual • Empire: a group of states that is governed by a single ruler, usually a monarch • Tsar: a Russian name for a king • Mir: a village commune in Russia that later developed into a political • Commune: a small community that could make local decisions • Zemstvo: a 19th century Russian name for a district council • Okhrana: a 19th century Russian name for police forces • Duma: an elected Parliament • Serfdom: a system, which had Medieval origins, and in which the peasant was attached to a lord to work on lord’s land without any pay • Bloody Sunday: 22 January 1905, which was a day during which a crowd of strikers had been shot by Tsar’s forces To research the topic further… We cannot stress this enough, these series by Lucy Worsley are amazing if you’d like to dig deeper into Russian history
What are the dangers of a detox diet? The theme of 'detoxing' in the new year fills the media every January. Detox diets are presented as a healthy way to rid our bodies of harmful toxins, but this is not supported by science. In fact, detox diets can be dangerous to our physical and mental health. The dangers of the "New Year, New Me" mentally January has long been associated with self-reflection and goal setting. While our New Year resolutions are well intentioned, too often they result in pressure, abandonment, self-criticism, and low self-esteem. The desire to make a change at the beginning of a new year isn't an intrinsically bad thing, but the pressure to make a drastic change runs the risk of damaging both our physical and our mental health. "Change in our life must be sustainable," says Ruth Micallef, accredited sub-specialised eating disorder counsellor. "More often than not we are encouraged into 'big bang' changes at New Year." With each new year, the idea of 'detoxification' saturates the media and encourages a great number of us to try a 'detox diet'. This type of dieting aims to rid us of alleged toxins in our bodies that are held responsible for a number of complaints, including bloating, tiredness, headaches, and low moods. A detox diet typically involves a drastic reduction in calorie intake and increase in water consumption with the intention of 'cleansing' our bodies and 'washing out' harmful toxins. New Year detox diet narratives are based on making an instant and dramatic lifestyle change, but this mindset is flawed. "Inevitably, these instant changes lead to quick failure and feelings of shame, which certainly doesn't help us create and grow healthier habits," adds Micallef. The detox myth: why should you not detox your body? Many different detox diet programmes are advertised around New Year, but they are typically very low-calorie, and often include one or more of the following approaches: • Eating a narrow range of specified foods. • Fasting (not eating for an extended period). • Drinking only juices or similar beverages ('drink cleanses'). • Taking commercial dietary supplements. Our natural detox system These are significant dietary changes that have a physiological impact, meaning they can interfere with our normal bodily functions. Yet our bodies already have an effective system in place for removing toxins. Micallef explains: "The liver and the kidneys are incredible natural detoxicants; they break down any harmful substances that we put into our bodies, or by-products that the body creates." The liver acts as the body's main filter, producing proteins (known as metallothioneins) that neutralise harmful toxins, and enzymes that support the metabolism and the body's defence against toxins. The kidneys filter out unneeded waste products and toxins through urine. There are also other parts of the body protecting us from harmful substances: • Immune system - identifies potentially harmful foreign substances (pathogens) and eliminates them. • Intestines - lymph nodes in the small intestine identify harmful substances and prevent them from being absorbed along with nutrients into the blood. • Skin - provides a barrier against harmful substances, stopping them from entering. • Respiratory system - hairs in the nostrils prevent inhalation of large foreign particles. Smaller particles that reach the lungs are removed from the airways via mucus. Our bodies are highly equipped to remove harmful substances, without us implementing drastic dietary measures. Do New Year's diets actually work? We're all familiar with the phrase, 'new year, new me'. January is a time when many people set r... Detox diet: questionable benefits Despite the commercial attention given to detox diets, there is little clinical evidence to show these are healthy and beneficial at eliminating toxins. There have only been a small number of studies, and while some suggest positive results, experts warn that many are of low quality with few participants, a high risk of bias (selection of study participants, study design or interpretation of data that deliberately encourages the desired result) and study design limitations. If your goal is also to use a detox diet for weight loss, you will almost inevitably be disappointed: a detox diet is highly unlikely to provide long-term, healthy results. While some research indicates that a detox diet can lead to initial weight loss, it's important to note that this type of low-calorie dieting is often unsustainable. We are unable to follow detox diets for long periods, as our bodies require more nutrition and more calories to function healthily. Yet, rather than returning to our original weight, there's a risk of gaining weight more once we resume our normal eating habits. "Yo-yo dieting and unhealthy snap calorie deficit diets wreak havoc on our metabolism," Micallef explains. "Often this results in us gaining even more weight than we started with." This is because detoxing - and other very low-calorie diets - lower the body's basal metabolic rate - the amount of calories it needs to perform the most basic life-sustaining functions. Detox diet: potential risks Not only is weight gain a possible long-term outcome, any initial weight loss may in fact be fluid loss. Detox diets are typically low in carbohydrates and often involve herbal teas which can act as laxatives, both of which can result in more water being expelled from our bodies. Consuming too much food and drink that have a laxative effect can result in dehydration. A detox diet usually involves drinking a great deal of water, which is intended to 'wash' toxins out of the body. While being well hydrated is healthy, drinking too much can cause water intoxication, a condition that can cause serious health problems, and in the most severe cases can be fatal. Many detox diets severely restrict the types of food you eat. In doing so, there's a high risk of not getting all the nutrients you need for your body to function healthily. Often, a detox diet will deprive you of adequate levels of protein, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and other essential substances. It's also worth noting that alongside detox diets, there are also many potentially dangerous 'detoxification' products on the market. Some may contain harmful ingredients: examples include 'detox juices' which may contain bacteria that can cause illness, or laxative supplements which can cause diarrhoea severe enough to lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. How a detox diet affects your mental health It's not just our physical health which can suffer, but our mental health as well. A detox diet is a type of restrictive diet that sends the dangerous and false message that we should dramatically reduce our calorie consumption and narrow the variety of foods we eat. "Telling us that specific products or restrictive diets will help 'detox' the body can send us into a spiral of restriction, or bingeing and purging," says Micallef. "Detox diets generally result in us swinging from restrictive, unrealistic diets, to bingeing after the calorie deficit. "Additionally, we can spiral into disordered eating habits, constantly searching for the 'magic bullet' to help us cope with our traumas and life stressors via our body image. Inevitably, 'detoxing' pushes us away from healthy sustainable life choices that would, in fact, benefit our bodies." Sadly, research into detox diets such as juice cleanses show the dangers they pose to mental health, namely through links with eating disorders. The idea that it's good to greatly restrict what you consume can lead to an unhealthy relationship with food. A healthy approach to "New Year, New Me" If you want to make some positive lifestyle changes in the new year, self-love is an important lesson. Remember to make sure your goals are both healthy and realistic. However, should your resolutions not last, don't beat yourself up. Micallef believes that the best and easiest way to 'detox ourselves' is "simply to treat our bodies with compassion and care". The best way to ensure your body is protected against toxins is to support your body's natural self-cleaning functions. You can do this by following a healthy, well-balanced diet that contains a wide variety of nutrients. Drinking enough water, getting good sleep, and exercising regularly will also help. These long-term, sustainable interventions are recommended by experts. The good news is, they are also free of dietary restrictions that can lead to hunger. Usually, the healthiest changes you can make in your life are easier to implement. "When making any sort of significant change in our life, we need to make gradual, gentle movements towards it, to allow ourselves a sense of stability and sustainability with the action we have made." Read next Take our quick 5-minute survey to share your thoughts on Patient.info articles Start survey
Categories Modern India Q. What were the circumstances that led Mahatma Gandhi to start the Non- Cooperation Movement? Examine its contribution to India’s Struggle for freedom. [BPSC-2016] Existing Users Log In Prove your humanity New User Registration Please indicate that you agree to the Terms of Service * *Required field
Sample Mental Health 101 Outline Mental Health in Schools \| 101 Outline We can tailor our talks, presentations, and workshops to suit your learning objectives. Please let us know how we can customize this program for you! Presentation Video 1. Intro, goals, historical context 2. OPTIONAL Short guided meditation 3. Stigma discussion & activity 4. Mental health, mental illness, and addiction 5. Mindfulness activity 6. Warning signs discussion & activity 7. Developing resilience, wellbeing, and stress management skills 8. How do we seek help and how do we help others? 9. Question & Answer
What bacteria causes cystic acne? Propionibacterium acnes is a tiny microbe that lives in the oily region of the skin’s pores. The bacteria can aggravate an immune response which causes red, swollen bumps to develop on the skin (acne). What is the cause for cystic acne? Cystic acne is the most serious type of acne. It develops when cysts form deep underneath your skin. This can result from a combination of bacteria, oil, and dry skin cells that get trapped in your pores. Although anyone can develop acne, cystic acne tends to occur in people with oily skin. How do you get rid of cystic acne bacteria? The topical products dermatologists recommend for cystic acne include: 1. Topical antibiotics: Topical antibiotic products can kill the types of bacteria that may cause or worsen severe acne. … 2. Benzoyl peroxide: This ingredient helps to kill bacteria and prevent pores from becoming blocked. What hormone causes cystic acne? When androgen hormones become too high, there is an increase in sebum production (sebum is the oil in your skin that causes acne). So, when your body starts to develop more oil in the skin it can result in breakouts and cysts. IT\'S FUNNING: You asked: Can you do microdermabrasion on retinol? How do you stop cystic acne from forming? 1. Wash your skin twice a day and after you sweat. … 2. Don’t scrub your skin or use irritating products like exfoliants. 3. Don’t touch cysts or pick at blemishes. … 4. Stay out of the sun and away from tanning beds, which can damage your skin. 5. Try to relax. Does salicylic acid help cystic acne? Like I mentioned earlier, salicylic acid and sulfur won’t help cystic acne. It can make it even worse if it dries out or irritates your skin. How do you bring a cystic pimple to a head? Warm compresses and acne stickers can help to bring a pimple to a head so that the sebum, dead skin cells, and bacteria can exit to the skin’s surface. Using ice can relieve inflammation. If blind pimples occur frequently or are particularly inflamed and painful, a person should seek advice from a dermatologist. What foods get rid of cystic acne? Summary Consuming a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, green tea, fruits and vegetables may be protective against the development of acne. Vitamins A, D and E, as well as zinc, may also help prevent acne. How do I know if my acne is hormonal or bacterial? How do you reduce androgens? Foods to Lower Androgens 1. Studies have shown drinking tea (hot or iced) may help improve PCOS symptoms. Spearmint tea, for example, has been shown to have anti-androgen effects in PCOS and can reduce hirsutism. IT\'S FUNNING: What does an unpopped pimple look like? How do I know if my acne is hormonal or cystic? This includes the bottom of your cheeks and around your jawline. For some people, hormonal acne takes the form of blackheads, whiteheads, and small pimples that come to a head, or cysts. Cysts form deep under the skin and don’t come to a head on the surface. These bumps are often tender to the touch.
Burleson, Texas The town of Burleson (32°32′9″N 97°19′38″Wnow sits along the border of Tarrant and Johnson counties. It was originally founded by a rancher and minister by the name of Henry Carty Renfro. Born in 1831, Renfro came from a Tennessee family who had originally settled in Cass County, Texas when he was about 20 years old. In 1853, he entered Baylor University when it was located at Independence, in Washington County. One of his mentors there was Rufus C. Burleson, a religiously conservative professor who had become President of the university in 1851. Upon his graduation, Renfro remained in the Washington County area and in 1857 he briefly served as pastor of Independence Baptist Church. After leaving that pastorate, he continued to live in the area for two years, taking care of the family farm before selling the property in Cass County and moving to Johnson County where the rest of his family had resettled. He soon married, began ranching in the area and established Bethesda Baptist Church in Johnson County. At the outset of the Civil War, Renfro’s mentor Rufus Burleson was chosen to serve as chaplain of the regiment organized by Joseph W. Speight, the 15th Texas Infantry, largely drawn from McLennan County. Colonel Speight had become acquainted with Burleson through Speight’s support of Baylor University and its Baptist sister school in McLennan County known as Waco University. Speight eventually brought Burleson to Waco to become President of that school. Beginning in 1862, Burleson served as chaplain of the regiment for about a year before resigning to return to Texas to resume his duties at the school. In his place, Burleson recommended Renfro to succeed him as chaplain. Renfro had originally enlisted in Company C of the 21st Texas Infantry Battalion which defended Galveston from the Union attack. Upon Burleson’s recommendation, he transferred to take the position as chaplain of the 15th Texas Infantry in 1863. Renfro would remain with that group for the duration of the war seeing action in many battles in Texas, Louisiana and Arkansas including the battles of Bayou Borbeau, Vidalia, Mansfield, Pleasant Hill and Yellow Bayou. At the close of the war, he returned to Johnson County where he farmed, ranched and traded in real estate while serving as pastor of a number of Baptist congregations. It was around this time that the railroad companies were crossing north Texas and reached the area where he had his farm. Though he never actually lived there, in 1881 Renfro conveyed his land to the Missouri Kansas and Texas railroad company, after negotiations with Gen. Grenville M. Dodge, with the stipulation that he be allowed to name the proposed town. The depot building, still in existence, was to be built on his former farm. Accordingly, Renfro named the town after his mentor Rufus Burleson and it began to rise in its current location. Renfro was a Mason, being a member of lodges in Grand View and Alvarado where he founded the Royal Arch Lodge number 132. He continued to prosper as a farmer and rancher as he preached widely in the area. In the 1880s, Renfro came under the influence of more liberal religious teaching and began preaching and teaching “free thought” which questioned the orthodoxy and teaching of the traditional Baptist church. Rufus Burleson initially sought a delay for the action, but Renfro was dismissed from the Baptist ministry. However, Renfro continued to speak and teach on the subject until he died. It is believed that Renfro and his son James Burleson (Burlie) Renfro both contracted pneumonia on a short cattle drive from their ranch to Fort Worth, leading to their deaths within days of each other in March 1885. Some reported that he had recanted his more liberal leanings on his death bed, but his family strongly stated that he had not. Despite their theological differences, Renfro and Rufus Burleson had apparently remained cordial through the years. Renfro was also well liked and highly regarded in the area. Burleson led his funeral service which was attended by over 1,000 people. He returned to lead the sevice for Burlie. Henry and Burlie Renfro were both interred in the family plot in the cemetery of the church he had founded, Bethesda Baptist, between Alvarado and Burleson in Johnson County. Henry Renfro was survived by his wife and a daughter. In 1894, his widow built a home in Burleson where she and later her daughter would live until the 1940s, when the daughter died. Mrs. Renfro later married a Burleson resident named Clark. The home, known as the Renfro-Clark home, is located at 128 Clark Street and bears a Texas historical marker and has been carefully restored and maintained over the years. The first lot in Burleson was sold in October, 1881 and a post office was opened the following year. The business district of the town suffered a devastating fire in 1895. Now considered to be a suburb of Fort Worth, for many decades, it remained a tiny community of under 1,000. During the heyday of the Interurban, it was a stop on the line running from Fort Worth to Cleburne until ridership declined with the popularity and availability of personal transportation by automobile. More recently Burleson has grown to a population of between 30,000 and 40,000. © 2016, all rights reserved. 4 thoughts on “Burleson, Texas” 1. Ernie, I have read that Dr. George W. Truett and Dr. B. H. Carroll were both Masons, as were many early Texas Baptists. It would be interesting to know if either of them ever addressed the subject in writing. I am pretty sure that most of the men named in the article were also Masons. Liked by 1 person 1. Those who were, I think, did so as more of a social function, and didn’t go into the advanced degrees. Even so, one would think that the masonic teaching that the Mason gains entry to “the celestial lodge made without hands eternal in the heavens” through the “works” of a Mason would be repugnant to a Bible-believing Baptist. Comments are closed.
I usually open the semester by asking my students why they are taking my Composition course. A handful of students will share that they are genuinely excited to improve as writers, but the most common answer I receive is “because I have to.” My university requires all undergraduates to satisfy a General Education “College Writing” requirement in order to graduate, so I couldn’t blame them for their honest answer. Writing is not always an easy task, even for those of us who do it for our careers. In fact, I sometimes feel that my own writing is more in the “have to do” camp than the “feel passionate about” camp. I’m currently working on a pretty big project with a November 30th deadline, and I want to manifest as much intentional purpose and passion to engage with what could be a stressful drafting process. Hence this month’s focus: purpose. This week’s post explores the function of identifying and narrowing our purpose through the lens of why. I cover the Golden Circle, a well known model for working with purpose, and I adapt it for writing purposes. I find that this method contributes to upped confidence and increased clarity through writing within intentional boundaries. Even if you’re not a writer, I hope you will find tools that you can use to shift your perspective around having a purpose on purpose. Starting With Why Simon Sinek is well known for his 2009 TedX talk, “How Great Leaders Inspire Action.” In his talk, Sinek attributes the success of businesses and individuals to a hierarchy of focuses: first, why they do what they do, next, how they do what they do, and third, what they actually do. He calls his concept the Golden Circle, which looks like this: Image: “The Golden Circle” In the article “The Science of WHY,” Sinek’s Start With Why team explains how our brains engage differently with feelings and language in ways that align with his hierarchical model of why, what, and how: “The outer section of the Golden Circle—the WHAT—corresponds to the outer section of the brain—the neocortex. This is the part of the brain responsible for rational and analytical thought. It helps us understand facts and figures, features and benefits. The neocortex is also responsible for language. The middle two sections of the Golden Circle—the WHY and HOW—correspond to the middle section of the brain, the limbic system. This is the part of the brain responsible for all our behavior and decision making. It’s also responsible for all our feelings, like trust and loyalty. But unlike the neocortex, the limbic system has no capacity for language. This is where “gut feelings” come from. It’s not our stomach. It’s a feeling we get about a decision we have to make that we struggle to explain.” When we root our venture (be it a business plan or a term paper) in our why, we establish behavioral and emotional foundations that will support and enable our how and what actions. Life and executive coach Kate Snowise extends the function of the Golden Circle to self development in her podcast, Here to Thrive. In Episode 54, “What is Your Why (and Why it Even Matters),” she adapts Sinek’s circle in three key ways: 1. What do you do? Snowise calls this “what we see everyday. It’s often the way we classify ourselves,” and so it can be a label or title, such as coach, teacher, scientist, healer, etc. 2. How do you do what you do? This is the verb of what you do, such as market, write, coach, research, heal, etc. 3. Why do you do what you do? Snowise suggests that we think of our lives as a whole, or take a big picture view, asking ourselves why doing what we do matters to us. How to Write With Purpose on Purpose Although my initial goal for applying the Golden Circle to my writing last week was to simply identify my why and use it as a guide for drafting my paper, I ended up getting much more done that I had expected and feeling calm and confident through the process! Using my purpose on purpose as by guide gave me three results: 1. Upped my clarity in both planning and writing 2. Set achievable writing goals via establishing boundaries 3. Renewed my faith in my abilities as a writer In the takeaways, I share my three experiences as actionable prompts that you can use to identify your own purpose on purpose and apply to your own writing (or whating). Clarify Your Why, How, and What Identifying my why, what, and how helped me to better articulate my purpose for the paper I’m working on, which gave me a lot of clarity about how exactly I should and shouldn’t be filling up those pages. To do this first takeaway, select a project you’re working on (this could be writing, creative, business, etc.) and write three clear sentences that identify your why, what, and how (so, one sentence per question word). Be sure to start with why and end with what! Revise them until they feel like they fit your purpose and the scope of the project. Set Purposeful Boundaries Once I had clearly identified my own why, how, and what, I incorporated them into a concept map that outlined my paper’s introduction. I linked my why to my contribution to my field of study, my how to my method, and my what to my analysis. My goal was to establish a clear and limited scope for my paper that made sense for the length and assignment requirements. Below, you’ll see my map with my paper’s details swapped out for generalized and actionable language that you can tweak for your own purposes. This map is limited to my why, how, and what, so, depending on your purposes, you may need to rearrange, add, or cut some of the steps (or simply use it for inspiration!). If you want a PDF version, shoot me an email at Image: “Kate’s Introduction Map with Why, How, and What” (made in Scapple) The Raccoon Report I bounced my why, what, and how plan off of my Sweetie after I had drafted my concept map. One of the parts of her job is facilitating, so she always has great suggestions about how to manage a project. We agreed that my scope seemed reasonable, but I wasn’t confident about how to transfer from planning to writing. She suggested that I start with a “Raccoon Report,” a term that one of her middle school teachers had used in a writing class. A Raccoon Report is similar to what Anne Lamott calls a “shitty first draft,” in that its purpose is to make you get words out of your brain and onto the page. It gets its name from the ways one might write a first draft of a report on raccoons: “Raccoons looks like little bandits. The fur on their faces looks like masks. They have striped tails. They have tiny hands. They eat cat food sometimes.” As you can see, these sentences function simply to report information; they can later be finessed via transitions, changing the ways the sentences begin, and can be made more complex. Right now, however, the goal is to WRITE. The Raccoon Report method helped to restore my confidence in my ability to convey my what. I recommend the Raccoon Report method to anyone who is struggling with getting words on the page or who is unsure how they will ever meet a length requirement. *Please note that the original version of this blog post was published here
With Iberian, Hittite, and Syrian Elements, Who Built the Magnificent Mausoleum of Pozo Moro? Spain is a country with a multicultural history, where even the best-qualified archaeologists may discover sites, artifacts, and stories that change all previous knowledge about a given topic. When researchers unearthed the mausoleum of Pozo Moro, they couldn't believe the incredible connection of styles characteristic of Iberian, Hittite, and Syrian art. Via Augusta is a famous ancient Roman road that passed through the cities of Gades (Cádiz), Carthago Nova (Cartagena), Valentia (Valencia), Saguntum (Sagunto), Tarraco (Tarragona), Barcino (Barcelona). Gerunda (Girona), Hispalis (Seville), Corduba (Córdoba), Emerita Augusta (Mérida), Brigantinum (A Coruña), etc. Researchers unearthed hundreds of priceless archaeological sites around this ancient route with outspokenly beautiful and priceless artifacts that shed light on the life of people who settled these lands millennia ago. The sophisticated puzzle made of pieces from the past is never-ending work, like in the Augean Stables. The sites are full of precious findings buried in such incredible numbers, that it seems to be impossible to dig all of them up from the soil. Map of Iberian Peninsula in 125 including important roads, legionnaire locations and gold/silver mines. Map of Iberian Peninsula in 125 including important roads, legionnaire locations and gold/silver mines. ( Public Domain ) Note the Via Augusta is called the ‘Via Herculea’ on this map. The Discovery of a Forgotten Story Excavations in Spain are often like a mixed box of chocolates - filled with surprising cultural flavors. In the case of the site of Pozo Moro, it is a remarkable cemetery, a huge ancient necropolis. It is located about 125 km (77.67 miles) from the coast of the Mediterranean Sea and 840 meters (2755.91 ft.) above sea level. The location seems to have been meaningful for the people who created it about 2,500 years ago. It must be related to their beliefs. The Pozo Moro Monument in the Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Madrid, Spain. The Pozo Moro Monument in the Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Madrid, Spain. ( Museo Arqueológico Nacional ) During excavations in 1970, researchers unearthed a surprising burial place known as the Mausoleum of Pozo Moro. Research about pre-Roman cultures of Iberia were quite advanced at the time, but still contained many questionable elements and gaps. The first shocking fact was that the Mausoleum had been dated back to a period full of mysteries. But as the researchers continued their work, specialists discovered an overwhelming amount of information that changed the knowledge about the history of Albacete Province, where the site is located. Excavations at the site. Excavations at the site. ( senderosesotericos) Exploring the Mausoleum The marvelous mausoleum is known as the oldest Iberian burial monument. It is dated back to circa 500 BC and belonged to a forgotten ruler. The mausoleum’s elements had been scattered across a site 12 x 12 meters (39 x 39 ft). When the researchers carefully collected all the remaining pieces, they took it to the Museo Arqueológico Nacional de España in Madrid, where they reconstructed it. The process was long and very complicated, but due to their impressive knowledge, it was possible to recover the mausoleum after centuries. View of the site during excavations. View of the site during excavations. ( It is known that it was erected by an Iberian king, but a great deal of other information has been lost. The mausoleum had been made with rectangular blocks. Altogether the construction measured about 10 meters (32 ft.) in height and its walls had been beautifully decorated with depictions of deities. It had a three-level pedestal shaped in a square that was almost 4 meters (13 ft.) wide. Moreover, four lions were located around the mausoleum. All of this created an image of a mausoleum with traditions from Middle Eastern countries. Research suggests visible influences of Syrian and Hittite art. Detail of one of the lions. Detail of one of the lions. (Luis García/ CC BY SA 3.0 ) “The cremation of the grave-goods together with the body leaves us with little to study but their remains are enough to provide a few guidelines. There are remains of objects made of different raw materials (at least pottery, gold, silver, bronze, iron and bone; see Almagro-Gorbea 1983: 184 ff.). However, there are no iron fragments which can be identified as weapons, although the remains are in very poor condition. One still finds the same sort of ritual-set described above for the Orientalizing Period, but with a different emphasis: the bronze jug is now of Greek and not of Oriental type and manufacture, and the bronze brazier has been replaced by an Attic kylix of the Pithos Painter group. Finally, this philohellenic prince was buried with an Attic lekythos instead of alabaster perfume pots. In all, it seems that Greek influence was beginning to supersede the earlier, Orientalizing (Semitic) tradition. Finally, the burial I have described was placed under a turrifonn funerary monument of imposing size and decoration of which more will be said later.'' (s.17) Some of the Greek artifacts discovered at the Pozo Moro site. Some of the Greek artifacts discovered at the Pozo Moro site. Sources from left: (Miguel Hermoso Cuesta/ CC BY SA 4.0 ), (Miguel Hermoso Cuesta/ CC BY SA 4.0 ), and (Miguel Hermoso Cuesta/ CC BY SA 4.0 ) The burial is probably related to a new concept of power supported by distant travels and war campaigns. It is still unclear how many different aspects of cultures from the entire Mediterranean area mixed in Iberian land, and it mirrors a meaningful mosaic of influences. The incredible monument remains an unsolved mystery for followers of ancient dynasties – it’s from a time before people created chronicles to explain more about those who had built it. The Footsteps of Ancient Artists One of the most challenging aspects of the monument was the reconstruction of lost pieces and renovation of ones that had survived. However, there are still many questions left to be answered. One of the most intriguing is related to the real purpose of the tomb. Some researchers believe that it didn't belong to any living ruler, but it could have had a symbolic meaning instead. Maybe it was a religious monument or a burial place created for a deity? However, this seems unlikely. Traditionally, researchers think the Mausoleum of Pozo Moro was a real burial place for a king who belonged to a lost dynasty of Iberians. Another of the reliefs on the monument. Another of the reliefs on the monument. (Jorge/ CC BY NC SA 2.0 ) Top Image: ‘Animal Banquet’ (an Iberian relief) on the Pozo Moro monument. Source: Luis García/ CC BY SA 3.0 By Natalia Klimczak The Hellenistic West: Rethinking the Ancient Mediterranean , edited by Jonathan R. W. Prag, Josephine Crawley Quinn, 2013. Pozo Moro Monument, available at: Iconografía del monumento turriforme de Pozo Moro y arte mueble: objetos de bronce etruscos by Roberto Matesanz, available at:ía_del_monumento_turriforme_de_Pozo_Moro_y_arte_mueble_objetos_de_bronce_etruscos From quality to quantity: wealth, status and prestige in the Iberian Iron Age by Fernando Quesada, available at: I find these articles very informative and interesting. Next article
Space Maps: Your Tour of the Universe Cover Image Do you want to go on a journey through space? Then all you have to do is look up at the night sky. What can you see? This super-sized book of maps takes you on a space adventure from the stars to the solar system, and far beyond Marvel at the constellations, and learn what their names and patterns mean to different cultures. Then venture farther out, past what the naked eye can see, and hop from planet to planet to explore Earth's celestial neighbors. Discover how humans have used rockets, probes, and telescopes to explore space-and even stop off at the International Space Station to visit the scientists working there Let Space Maps take you on a tour through the universe, with its 24 maps, stunning illustrations, and amazing facts. Grab your telescope and get ready for the intergalactic journey of a lifetime About the Author Lara Albanese is a physicist with a MBA in Science and Technology of Matter. In addition to writing children's books, she teaches, writes scientific papers, and works with the Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, in Florence, Italy. Tommaso Vidus Rosin is an illustrator and graphic designer. He switches between illustration, graphics, and cartoons, and he's fond of calligraphy and lettering. He lives in Venice, Italy. Product Details ISBN: 9781912920563 ISBN-10: 1912920565 Publisher: What on Earth Books Publication Date: September 8th, 2020 Pages: 96 Language: English
Publication - Advice and guidance Welfare of equidae: code of practice Published: 30 Apr 2009 Agriculture and Rural Economy Directorate Part of: Farming and rural Welfare of equidae: code of practice Appendix B: tethering Appendix B: tethering A suitability of the animal 1. Not all animals are suitable for tethering. 2. Young animals under two years old should not be tethered. 3. Pregnant animals should not be tethered in the last third of pregnancy. 4. Nursing mothers should not be tethered. 5. Mares should not be tethered near stallions. 6. Stallions should not be tethered. 7. Sick animals should not be tethered. 8. Old and infirm animals should not be tethered. B Site (the area to which the tethered animal has access) 1. The site should be reasonably level, have good grass cover, and be free of any objects, natural or man made, which could ensnare the tether. 2. The site should not allow the horse access to a public roadway. 3. A site in which a high proportion of the herbage consists of weeds is not suitable. 4. The site should not be waterlogged. 5. The site should not be crossed by any public right of way. 6. The site should not have anything on it, which might injure an animal. 7. The site should not be used without the written permission of the landowner. 8. An adequate area for tethering should allow access by any part of the animal's body and with an extra 4 metres between the hind quarters of one animal and another. C Tethering equipment 1. Either a well-fitting leather head collar, or a broad leather neck strap must be used. These should be fitted with a 360° swivel device where the chain is attached. 2. The chain should be approximately 20ft in length, and must be strong enough to prevent breakage, but light enough to prevent pressure sores from the tethering equipment. Rope or nylon should not be used. 3. The ground stake must not protrude above ground level, and must be fitted with a 360° swivel. D Food and water 1. In many cases the site will provide adequate food in the form of grass; where this is the case the tether site should be changed at least once daily to ensure the quality of the pasture. 2. If the grass is not sufficient for the animal's need, sufficient forage food should be available throughout each day. 3. Water should be made available, on a regular basis throughout the day, in a spill-proof container. 4. Containers for concentrate food should be kept in a clean and safe condition. E Shelter 1. Animals should not be exposed to the full heat of the sun, to heavy rain, snow or hail, or to strong winds for other than very short periods. In extremes of weather shelter should be provided. 2. Shelter should, at a minimum, provide shade from the sun and from severe wind. In prolonged rain, a well drained area or hard standing must be available. F Exercise 1. Animals must be given freedom to exercise off the tether for a reasonable period at least once a day. G Supervision 1. Tethered animals require a high level of supervision, and should be inspected no less frequently than six hourly intervals during normal waking hours. 2. Provision should be made to deal with situations where extremes of weather or other circumstances occur. H Identification 1. All tethered animals should be marked in such a way as to be permanently identifiable, and from this identification the keeper or owner should be able to be readily contacted. 2. This could be achieved by use of a freeze-brand or microchip registered with a 24-hour access database. 3. Alternatively the animal could have some form of identification attached to the head collar or neck strap giving full details of the keeper or owner. 4. It will be a requirement that all animals born after 1 July 2009 will have to be microchipped. All details will appear on the National Equine Database. I Other requirements 1. Animals may need protection from ill-intentioned persons.
Why were there so many pedestrian fatalities in 2020? On Behalf of \| Sep 15, 2021 \| Firm News \| Pedestrians face dangers when crossing the street, even in neighborhoods not known for heavy traffic. Those walking around busier streets could face more significant risks due to the many vehicles moving around. Data from 2020 shows that pedestrians may be in greater trouble than in previous years as the fatality statistics are alarming. 2020 brought incredible dangers to pedestrians The past year saw a decrease in drivers on the road, which would leave some people to assume that accident figures reflect fewer injuries and deaths. Surprisingly, that is not the case: The first six months of 2020 saw a 20% increase in pedestrian fatalities. A reduction in vehicles commuting on streets and highways does not necessarily mean fewer cars and a lower number of crashes. Rather, some drivers see the less congested road conditions as a green light to drive more dangerously. For example, some drivers may not signal before turning, or they may run red lights. Research shows that a decrease in drivers led those on the road to speed more and engage in other dangerous behaviors. Distracted and impaired driving, such as driving while intoxicated, contributed to crashes. Fewer vehicles on the road do not mean fewer pedestrians, however, and placing pedestrians near reckless drivers often adds up to catastrophe. Negligent driving and its aftermath Pedestrian accidents caused by someone’s negligent behavior may result in a victim wanting compensation for injuries. When a pedestrian dies after being hit by a car, a wrongful death suit on behalf of a family member could seek huge sums in damages. Negligence, in any form, might bring civil actions against a liable party.
Indian Miniature Painting – History and Techniques Miniature paintings are one of the many things that make an Indian proud of his country’s rich cultural heritage. Miniature paintings originated long back in the history of India. Indian Paintings can be broadly classified as the murals and miniatures. Murals are huge works executed on the walls of solid structures, as in the Ajanta Caves and the Kailashnath temple. Indian artists employed multiple perspectives unlike their European counterparts in their paintings. The idea was to convey reality that existed beyond specific vantage point. Some of the special Miniature paintings include illustrated manuscripts of Jains and Buddhists, the flowering of the Mughal, Rajput and Deccan miniatures. Themes used were from Indian epics like Ramayana, Mahabharata, Bhagvata Purana, Rasikpriya, Rasamanjiri as well as ragas of Indian classical music, etc. Themes of Miniature Art Paintings. After the Mughal reign, which lasted 200 years, by the second part of the 18th century, the Rajput Maharajahs became independent. They employed these highly skilled artists to replace their own artisans, leading to a sort of painting renaissance in northern India. The whole of Rajasthan divided into numerous princely states, patronized miniature art painting. These states had evolved a characteristic style of their own.The paintings of this era have their own unique style, being influenced by the surroundings- the deserts, lakes, hills and valleys, as the case may.Colorful glimpses of history are provided by these paintings depicting hunting and court scenes, festivals, processions, animal and bird life, and scenes from the Raagmala and Raaslila — Lord Krishna´s life story. Also, courtly lavishness and prosperity have been displayed. Mughal painting Akbar (1556-1605) was the one who started encouraging of Mughal artist. After he had consolidated his political power, he built a new capital at Fatehpur Sikri where he collected artists from India and Persia. More than a hundred painters were employed, most of whom were Hindus from Gujarat, Gwalior and Kashmir. They worked under the two Persian master-artists Abdus Samad and Mir Sayyid Ali, but they were encouraged and inspired by Akbar. After him, Jehangir encouraged artists to paint portraits and durbar scenes. His most talented portrait painters were Abul Hasan and Bishan Das. Shah Jahan (1627-1658) continued the patronage of painting. Some of the famous artists of the period were Mohammad Faqirullah Khan, Mir Hashim, Muhammad Nadir, Bichitr, Chitarman, Anupchhatar, Manohar and Honhar. Aurangzeb had no taste for fine arts. Due to lack of patronage artists migrated to Hyderabad in the Deccan and to the Hindu states of Rajasthan in search of new patrons. Rajput painting The Rajput School of Miniature Painting imbibed inspiration from the Krishna legends. The emphasis was more on the man and woman relationship and paintings were aesthetic portrayal of their emotion, love and passion. The lovemaking scenes of Lord Krishna and Goddess Radha are some of the finest specimens of the paintings. Rajput painting, a style of Indian painting, evolved and flourished, during the 18th century, in the royal courts of Rajputana, India. Each Rajput kingdom evolved a distinct style, but with certain common features. Jodhpur School: The centre of this hand made paintings are love scenes then the other art figures. The Jodhpur School of Miniature paintings depict love scenes of lovers Dhola and Maru on camel back. There are hunting scenes with elephants and horses. The major colors used in this style of painting are gold and stone color. Jaipur School: Gods and goddesses, kings and durbars are very attractively painted on hand made papers by the artists. Kangra School: Mewar School of Painting: Technique of Miniature Paintings: A high degree of expertise is required as it involves the use of a very fine brush. The strokes should be absolutely perfect as they should be intricate, colorful and rational impressions. The colors used are mainly derived from minerals, vegetables, and precious stones, indigo, conch shells, gold and silver which are obtained through a painstaking process. Paper painting in Miniature art are done on old or new hand made paper of very fine quality that depict Animals, Birds, Butterfly, Mughal themes and more. One can put these as wall hanging decorations. Miniature paintings made of pure marble slabs that feature Mythology, Birds, Turbans, Women and Mughal themes can be used as table tops or wall frames as well. Miniature Painting is painstaking efforts of skill and talent exhibited by Indian artisans. They have been well acclaimed and received by the world all over. Step 1: Choose a design Step3 Now first paint the human figures. Then animals and other components of the picture. The background is painted last. This is to set each area’s base color Step4 This step need fine brushes to beautify the Floors, carpets, human figure with intricate detailing. This also includes techniques like shading, highlighting, washing, Step 5 Outlines the figures with a darker color and highlight the jewelery and other parts using metallic paints to give an appearance of richness. Step 6 Burnishing is the last stage. The miniature art painting is laid face down on a hard surface, and an agate stone is used to stroke it firmly. This gives the painting a uniform texture. To this date, Indian and Mughal Miniature paintings provide an interesting insight into the lifestyles of earlier centuries and continue to fascinate people. Immobilienmakler Heidelberg Makler Heidelberg Source by Rahul Chandani
deeply recognize one way degassing valve 12 Jan 2016 one way degassing valve just is a small plastic product,but it have a very big effect.Do you its structure and working process?Let’s dissect it together. The structure of the one way degassing valve The one way degassing valve is composed of five parts. ①polythene base The polythene base is directly sealed on the packaging bag. ②bottom cap This is an snap-on cap coupled to the polythene base. ③rubber disk The rubber disk is between the base and cap,it can work flexibly as the door open and close the valve The adhesive is made of silicone oil,it seals the rubber disk to the polythene base. The filter is installed on the center of the polythene base that directly connect to the product,avoid the valve is blocked by the particles from the product. The basic material used to make one way degassing valve is polythene,rubber,and the silicone oil,these materials are meet the requirement of the food packaging,they also meet the test requirement and get the relevant certificates .There isn’t any harmful substance for bodies’ health,so many customers trust and use one way degassing valve trustingly. How does one way degassing valve work? At first,the inner pressure and outer is balance,so the one way degassing vale doesn’t work.When the inner pressure is bigger than the outer pressure,the rubber disk will open to let the inner pressure escape from the bag.After the trapped gas out,the inner pressure and outer pressure is balance again,the rubber will close to prevent the outside air entering the bag to oxidize the product in the bag. The introduction above is the structure and working process of one way degassing valve.In fact,one way degassing valve is easy to recognize,recognize the one way degassing valve deeply can help the users to use it better. Tag: one way degassing valve Originally published 12 Jan 2016, updated 12 Jan 2016. The Knowledge Inside The Coffee Packaging 10 Aug 2020 02 Aug 2020 How do you store coffee long term 25 Jul 2020
Due to the unstable gas pressure and gas production of some natural gas edge wells, the cost of laying natural gas pipelines and erecting power transmission lines is high. Therefore, natural gas generator sets are used to generate electricity at the wellhead, provide electricity to the CNG compressor, and inject the wellhead gas into the natural gas pipeline network. The decompression skid also requires a gas generator set to supply power to heat and reduce the pressure of the CNG << Previous Next page >> +86 18653607886 kevin@yidaneng.com Power by: cnwangju.com
Mineral Oil Mineral oil surrounding a transformer core-coil assembly enhances the dielectric strength of the winding and prevents oxidation of the core. Dielectric improvement occurs because oil has a greater electrical withstand than air and because the dielectric constant of oil (2.2) is closer to that of the insulation. As a result, the stress on the insulation is lessened when oil replaces air in a dielectric system. Oil also picks up heat while it is in contact with the conductors and carries the heat out to the tank surface by selfconvection. Thus a transformer immersed in oil can have smaller electrical clearances and smaller conductors for the same voltage and kVA ratings. Beginning about 1932, a class of liquids called askarels or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) was used as a substitute for mineral oil where flammability was a major concern. Askarel-filled transformers could be placed inside or next to a building where only dry types were used previously. Although these coolants were considered nonflammable, as used in electrical equipment they could decompose when exposed to electric arcs or fires to form hydrochloric acid and toxic furans and dioxins. The compounds were further undesirable because of their persistence in the environment and their ability to accumulate in higher animals, including humans. Testing by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has shown that PCBs can cause cancer in animals and cause other noncancer health effects. Studies in humans provide supportive evidence for potential carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic effects of PCBs. The use of askarels in new transformers was outlawed in 1977 (Claiborne, 1999). Work still continues to retire and properly dispose of transformers containing askarels or askarel-contaminated mineral oil. Current ANSI/IEEE standards require transformer manufacturers to state on the nameplate that new equipment left the factory with less than 2 ppm PCBs in the oil (IEEE, 2000). High-Temperature Hydrocarbons Among the coolants used to take the place of askarels in distribution transformers are high-temperature hydrocarbons (HTHC), also called high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. These coolants are classified by the National Electric Code as “less flammable” if they have a fire point above 300˚C. The disadvantages of HTHCs include increased cost and a diminished cooling capacity from the higher viscosity that accompanies the higher molecular weight. Another coolant that meets the National Electric Code requirements for a less-flammable liquid is a silicone, chemically known as polydimethylsiloxane. Silicones are only occasionally used because they exhibit biological persistence if spilled and are more expensive than mineral oil or HTHCs. Halogenated Fluids Mixtures of tetrachloroethane and mineral oil were tried as an oil substitute for a few years. This and other chlorine-based compounds are no longer used because of a lack of biodegradability, the tendency to produce toxic by-products, and possible effects on the Earth’s ozone layer. Synthetic esters are being used in Europe, where high-temperature capability and biodegradability are most important and their high cost can be justified, for example, in traction (railroad) transformers. Transformer manufacturers in the U.S. are now investigating the use of natural esters obtained from vegetable seed oils. It is possible that agricultural esters will provide the best combination of high temperature properties, stability, biodegradability, and cost as an alternative to mineral oil in distribution transformers (Oommen and Claiborne, 1996). Related post No comments: free counters
Image source: This article is written by Abhishek Kurian from National Law University, Odisha. It discusses the effects of uncontrolled breeding of animals, its consequences and laws that protect such actions. Science has come a long way and has reached a point where we can innovate not just with non-living substances like minerals, electricity, technology etc., but are also able to shape and innovate the animate, or beings that have life. We all are well aware that animals are bred in captivity for various human purposes. We do so for our own benefits to gain the maximum return from animals. While most of these purposes are for our selfish benefits, when the animals are bred for being pets, there is a chance that even the animals would be benefitted. Although this is, unfortunately, not the case always. new legal draft Animals are merely treated as objects and resources that must be spent and exploited till their limit. The absence of strict presence and implementation of breeding laws has resulted in many people being able to breed animals who deal with it in a callous and irresponsible manner. They not only deprive these animals of their complete freedom but also mistreat them by keeping them in an unsuitable condition, not providing them with proper amounts of food or exploiting other resources that they can provide like milk, fur, eggs, meat, etc. Now, the natural question in one’s mind would be how is it that people are getting away with such actions? Isn’t breeding of animals a major component that could affect the environment? Should such activity not be protected by adequate legislation? This article would be answering such questions while describing the evils of irresponsible breeding actions and what the law has to do and say regarding these actions. Why is the breeding of animals even practised One might wonder if animal breeding can cause so many problems, is there a real need to even practise large scale breeding? Why not just do away with it? Well, while large scale animal breeding is an evil according to many animal activists, one has to attest to the fact that it remains to be a necessary activity to serve the needs of the public. There are certain benefits for both animals and humans that are obtained from the breeding of animals. Among the many benefits include: Animal husbandry India is a country where agricultural practices are largely prevalent and the practice not only fulfils the employment needs of a person but also the economic and nutrition needs of many. Breeding plays a vital role in agriculture, especially animal husbandry as there is a large scale requirement for animals that could provide with dairy products, eggs, meat, poultry, etc. Such activities require breeding for production of items to fulfil the needs of the population. Increasing feed efficiency of animals As discussed before there is a need for the breeding of animals for feeding the masses. This production can be enhanced by increasing the feed efficiency of animals. Feed efficiency is basically the amount of returns that the animals give for each pound of food they eat. Breeders try different methods of feeding, cross-breeding and also make other changes in their environment to increase the feed efficiency of animals. There are many scientific experiments in the field of genetic engineering that require the different kinds of breeding of animals to study and identify how they react to certain environments and situations. Also, most psychological, biological and medicinal drug tests are usually conducted on animals first before implementing them on humans. This requires a large sample space for which breeding. Selective breeding Selective breeding is a method of breeding by which desirable traits can be developed in animals for human purposes. These traits include strength, adaptability to climate, thinker fur, etc. All animals have certain limitations that can be conquered by developing purpose-specific traits in the animals by using selective breeding. Captive breeding This is a type of breeding where animals are made to stay captive in a man-made environment that is conducive to breeding. The animals here are mostly the species that are endangered, and its purpose is to increase the number of animals in that species by trying different methods of breeding in animals. Uncontrolled breeding of animals Now, we have understood that there are professional breeders who work for the above-mentioned benefits and it is clear that there is an industry that is involved in the breeding of lakhs of animals on a regular basis. What happens very often is that there are no laws that specifically standardize or monitor such breeding activities. The people who are responsible for these activities are often careless and are not considerate about the animals that they are responsible for. This results in the mal-treatment of animals, with them being subjected to pain, unfavourable conditions and even unnatural reproduction and genetic changes in the species. Many of these problems can be ceased by just focusing on the proper implementation of the existing laws and also the enactment of certain new laws and policies that would help in controlling the breeding of animals. Existing laws that govern breeding activities As mentioned before, the existing legislation that monitors the breeding of animals is relatively new and is not adequate as of yet. But the recent legislation is certainly one step forward by the statutory bodies. Let’s understand the present laws that concern breeding. Indian Constitution While there are no explicit provisions governing animal breeding in the Indian Constitution, there are a few provisions that set a base for the protection of animals from human mal-treatment. These include: Article 48- This article directs the state to organise animal husbandry and agriculture and also take steps for the improvement and preservation of different breeds of domestic animals that give milk(cows, milch, etc.). Article 48A- Basically this article states that there must be steps taken to protect wildlife and forests. Article 51A- According to this article, it is the fundamental duty of every citizen to have compassion for all creatures. This essentially means that the citizens must not commit acts that are ruthless or harsh towards animals. There have been different statutes that have been enacted that discuss animal breeding laws in detail. Since this article talks about the breeding of animals, we will only discuss laws that are related to such provisions that govern breeding. Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act,1970 The important provisions of this Act include the following: • Section 4- This Section deals with the establishment of an Animal Welfare Board for the country which would help in protecting the animals from cruel acts of humans. While this is not a law that prohibits any action, it provides for the setting up of such a board that would cover the protection of all animals, regardless of whether they are involved in breeding activities or not. • Section 10- This Section gives the welfare board the power to make regulations for carrying out its functions. • Section 11- This Section defines all kinds of cruelty towards animals. This is a very important section and it talks about the different acts which have a huge chance of being prevalent in the process of breeding. Some of these include: • Beating, torturing or causing any pain to the animal- Often done as a violent means to discipline the animals • Using for any purpose that the animal is unfit for- Use them for the reproduction of more animals despite their age or inability, by forceful means • Use of any injurious drugs- Drugs that may prevent animals from making noises, or drugs that can cause hormonal imbalance in the animals for producing more meat/milk. etc. • Carrying the animals in a manner that causes discomfort or pain to them- When animals are being carried after breeding they may be caged and carried in small, stuffy vehicles. • Not providing their animals with sufficient food and other supplies. This section also provides for the penalty for committing any of these acts – A fine ranging from Rs. 10 to Rs.50 and if such an offence is committed again the repeat offender would be liable for a fine for a minimum of Rs.25 and a maximum of Rs.100, or imprisonment for a maximum period of 3 months, and in some cases both. • Section 14- We had discussed the requirement of breeding for experimental purposes. This provision allows for such experiments that may be conducted for research, study, or discovery of such knowledge that may be useful for protecting/enhancing life. • Section 15- This section provides for the power to set up committees if needed for specific purposes of animal protection. • Section 17- This section describes the duty of a committee concerning the experiments of animals, stating that these committees must ensure that the experiments are conducted with due care in a stable environment, animals are not caused pain unless necessary, training on these animals must be avoided as much as possible, etc. • Section 19- Under this section, power is given to the committees by which they can prohibit any experiments conducted if it is found that it is not conducted with proper measures and standards. • Section 20- Under this section, if there is a breach of Section 19, the person in charge of the experiment would be held guilty and there can be a penalty of a maximum of Rs 200 imposed on the person responsible for such contravention. As discussed under Section 17 of the PCA, there is a provision for setting up of committees to monitor the experiments on animals. This provision has resulted in many rules that have benefitted the protection of animals involved in breeding activities. Breeding of and Experiments on Animals (Control and Supervision) Rules, 1998 The Breeding of and Experiments on Animals(Control and Supervision) Rules, has provisions that have definitely helped in keeping a check on the breeding of animals and the experiments that are conducted on them by standardising the institutions that carry such actions. Some of the most important and useful provisions include : • Section 3 and Section 4- There must be proper registration of an establishment or organisation that carries out such breeding activities, and no such breeder could carry out any experiments or breeding activities without the required registration. • Section 7- This section is very important as it mandates the measures that are to be taken for animal care and stocking of animals- • The animal houses must be clean and must be protected from pollution, traffic and any extreme weather conditions that are not suitable for the animals. • The cages or rooms for animals must be spacious and not overcrowded, and should meet the standard requirements. • Animals must be looked after by trained and experienced attendants at all times including off days and hours. • Section 9- It deals with the performance of experiments stating that there must be due care and humanity practised during the performance of experiments and the animals must not suffer during the experiments. If any animal has been caused irreparable suffering there are provisions for killing them painlessly. • Section 13- This deals with the setup of an Animal Ethics Committee which would consist of a scientist, a veterinarian, a socially aware member and a few others who would help in reviewing the projects and experiments that are undertaken by the institutions. Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Dog Breeding and Marketing) Rules, 2017 These rules are specific to dog breeding. The provisions under this definitely have a huge role to play in setting decent standards for the breeding and keeping of dogs. Some of the important and relevant provisions are discussed below: The Act most importantly takes care of all necessary procedural details that would be required for effective management and monitoring of the dogs that are involved in breeding. Section 8- This section puts forward conditions for dogs to be sold: • Pups younger than 8 years must not be sold • The breeder must ensure that the pups are sold to registered and licensed purchasers. • The dogs and pups must be given required vaccination and medication before selling. Section 6- All breeders must satisfy the conditions given in the Second Schedule of the Act. The Second Schedule talks about the various facilities and requirements that must be fulfilled by all breeders. It includes: • Suitable accommodation and housing that is clean, spacious, ventilated, well-lit, etc. • Adequate food, clean water to drink and exercise facilities. • The breeders must be aware of nutrition, reproduction, wellness and behavioural development • There should be no unethical breeding practices followed like forceful reproduction. • Female dogs should not be forced to produce more than 5 pups in their lifespan and males should be more than 18 months old, mature and ready for mating. • A very important condition of breeding is regarding mating- • Only mating of those dogs must be allowed which are either not related to each other or are marginally related to each other. Such breeding practices are known as outbreeding and line-breeding. This is done to avoid any hereditary diseases. • There must be no mating between dogs who are related to each other in any way, such as inbreeding and incest breeding. • There must be a veterinary practitioner engaged with the breeding establishment at all times. • Dogs must not be euthanised if they are not capable of mating anymore. All the Acts that have been discussed cover many aspects of breeding that would ensure safe and effective breeding. Upon close reading of the Acts, one will realise that the laws that have been enacted are adequate to safeguard the animals from any harsh or painful practices. So now, what needs to be focussed on is their effective implementation. There must be bodies to ensure the strict implementation of the rules of these statutes and also the penalties that are listed in the statutes. Also, a few rules followed in other countries could be implemented, such as the “28 Hour Law” which ensures that any person who is carrying animals for long durations must stop after every 28 hours to provide the animals with food and water and also allow them some movement and exercise. Commercial breeding laws could be strengthened as well, and the example of the US could be followed in which every State takes certain steps to establish clear guidelines and laws for breeding. These laws mandate inspection from time to time for especially those breeders who have more than 50 dogs. Animals must be treated with compassion, and humans using them for their benefits must have a limit to their selfish activities. Animals are intelligent creatures and they can often feel pain to a greater extent than humans. Humans must take measures to not indulge in unethical and unnatural forms of breeding. This article must have covered certain laws that most people are not aware of and should have satisfied many animal activists and enthusiasts. But this lack of awareness could be present among officials also and hence there is a dire need for effective implementation of these laws and awareness about it. Please enter your comment! Please enter your name here
What are socio ecological factors in children? Social ecological models, such as Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory1, acknowledge that children’s health and development occurs within multiples contexts, including the family, school, local neighbourhood and community environments, and that each of these environments is in turn influenced by broader social, … What are socio ecological factors? The factors of socioecological models consist of individual behaviors, sociodemographic factors (race, education, socioeconomic status), interpersonal factors (romantic, family, and coworker relationships), community factors (physical and social environment), and societal factors (local, state, and federal policies. What are the 5 components of the socio ecological model of health? The Socio-Ecological Model takes into consideration the individual, and their affiliations to people, organizations, and their community at large to be effective. There are five stages to this model – Individual, Interpersonal, Organizational, Community, and Public Policy. What are the 4 components of the social ecological model? The CDC’s model is constructed with four levels: individual, relationship, community, and society. IT IS AMAZING: Question: What are the following abiotic factors? What are three major components of the socio ecological model? What is meant by social ecological system? A social-ecological system consists of ‘a bio-geo-physical’ unit and its associated social actors and institutions. Social-ecological systems are complex and adaptive and delimited by spatial or functional boundaries surrounding particular ecosystems and their context problems. What is socio ecological impact? A social impact is defined as a cognitive or physical effect experienced by humans and their communities and caused by a change in the social or ecological environment (Vanclay 2002). What is socio-ecological view of health? The socio-ecological approach emphasizes that health promotion should focus not only on intrapersonal behavioral factors but also on the multiple-level factors that influence the specific behavior in question. What is socio-ecological model of health? The Social Ecological Model of Health What is ecological model of child development? What is the socio economic model? “Social-economic model” refers to the capabilities of the members of society to comprehend economic and social issues and to solve the problems by social cooperation. … The social-economic model may take a form as a value network among the citizens or as a type of publicness. IT IS AMAZING: What happens to recycled clothes in the UK? What are the 3 levels of the ecological model? The ecological model (McLeroy et al., 1988) adds further detail by systematically categorizing these factors into five levels of influence: (1) the individual level, including beliefs, values, education level, skills and other individual factors; (2) the interpersonal level, including interpersonal relationships … Which level of the social-ecological model might have these characteristics? The correct answer is COMMUNITY LEVEL. Which level of the Social-Ecological Model might have these characteristics? Correct! What are the different levels of the ecosystem social work? The four types of ecological social systems are the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem and macrosystem. The microsystem is the simplest type of human-ecological system, and it consists of the direct relationships between an individual and his or her environment. What is the social ecological model physical activity? Social-ecological models provide an overarching framework for understanding the impediments and enablers to physical activity behaviour as it not only focuses on individual characteristics but also considers the social and physical environment context which can include family, friends, neighbourhood associates, formal … What is ecological model in social work? A social work practice that uses an ecological framework focuses on the ever-changing relationships between all variables. … This approach acknowledges that the environment, including the presence of the worker and their respective social and political roles, has an impact on the situation.
The Computing Universe The Computing Universe A Journey through a Revolution Author(s): Tony Hey, Gyuri Pápay Publication Date: 12-03-2015 Regular price £28.00 £0.00 Unit price per Tax included. Computers now impact almost every aspect of our lives, from our social interactions to the safety and performance of our cars. How did this happen in such a short time? And this is just the beginning. In this book, Tony Hey and Gyuri Papay lead us on a journey from the early days of computers in the 1930s to the cutting-edge research of the present day that will shape computing in the coming decades. Along the way, they explain the ideas behind hardware, software, algorithms, Moore's Law, the birth of the personal computer, the Internet and the Web, the Turing Test, Jeopardy's Watson, World of Warcraft, spyware, Google, Facebook and quantum computing. This book also introduces the fascinating cast of dreamers and inventors who brought these great technological developments into every corner of the modern world. This exciting and accessible introduction will open up the universe of computing to anyone who has ever wondered where his or her smartphone came from. 'Tony Hey has made significant contributions to both physics and computer science and with The Computing Universe he and his co-author share the knowledge and history that has inspired us all.' Bill Gates Share this Product
Published on November 2016 \| Categories: Documents \| Downloads: 36 \| Comments: 0 \| Views: 248 of 11 Download PDF Embed Report Earl, wikia, Royal terminology, Englisg language From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the title of nobility. For the given name, see Earl (given name). For the surname, see Earl (surname). For other uses, see Earl (disambiguation). inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (July 2009) The royal procession to Parliament at Westminster, 4 February 1512. Left to right: The Marquess of Dorset, Earl of Northumberland, Earl of Surrey, Earl of Shrewsbury, Earl of Essex, Earl of Kent, Earl of Derby, Earl of Wiltshire. From: Parliament Procession Roll of 1512. Royal, noble and chivalric ranks Grand Duke Grand Prince Prince / Infante Sovereign Prince / Fürst Marquess / Marquis / Margrave / Landgrave Count / Earl Viscount / Vidame Hereditary Knight An earl /ɜrl/[1] is a member of the nobility. The title is Anglo-Saxon, akin to the Scandinavian form jarl, and obsolete in the Middle Ages and was replaced with duke (hertig/hertug). In later medieval Britain, it became the equivalent of the continental count (in England in the earlier period, it was more akin to duke; in Scotland it assimilated the concept of mormaer). However, earlier in Scandinavia, jarl could also mean sovereign prince.[citation needed] For example, the rulers of several of the petty kingdoms of Norway had in fact Hakushaku during the Japanese Imperial era. In modern Britain, an earl is a member of the peerage, ranking below a marquess and above viscount.[2] A feminine form of earl never developed; countess is used as the equivalent feminine title. 1 Etymology 2 Earls in the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth o 2.1 Forms of address o 2.2 England 2.2.1 Changing power of English earls 2.2.2 Earls, land and titles o 2.3 Scotland o 2.4 Coronet o 2.5 Former Prime Ministers 3 Scandinavia o 3.1 Norway o 3.2 Sweden o 3.3 Iceland 4 Notes 5 References 6 External links See also: Ríg (Norse god) for the account in Norse mythology of the warrior Jarl or Ríg-Jarl presented as the ancestor of the class of warrior-nobles. The term earl has been compared to the name of the Heruli, and to runic erilaz.[3] Proto-Norse eril, or the later Old Norse jarl, came to signify the rank of a leader.[4] The Norman-derived equivalent count (from Latin comes) was not introduced following the Norman conquest of England though countess was and is used for the female title. Geoffrey Hughes writes, "It is a 'Earl' […] precisely because of the uncomfortable phonetic proximity to cunt".[5] Earls in the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth See also: List of earldoms An earl's coronation robes. Part of a series on House of Lords British politics portal United Kingdom portal Forms of address An earl has the title Earl of [X] when the title originates from a placename, or Earl [X] when the title comes from a surname. In either case, he is referred to as Lord [X], and his wife as Lady [X]. A countess who holds an earldom in her own right also uses Lady [X], but her husband does not have a title (unless he has one in his own right). The eldest son of an earl, though not himself a peer, is entitled to use a courtesy title, usually the highest of his father's lesser titles (if any); younger sons are styled The Honourable [Forename] [Surname], and daughters, The Lady [Forename] [Surname] (Lady Diana Spencer being a well-known example). Furthermore in the peerage of Scotland, when there are no courtesy titles involved, the heir to an earldom, and indeed any level of peerage, is styled Master of [X], and successive sons as younger of [X]. Changing power of English earls In Anglo-Saxon England, earls had authority over their own regions and right of judgment in provincial courts, as delegated by the king. They collected fines and taxes and in return received a "third penny", onethird of the money they collected. In wartime they led the king's armies. Some shires were grouped together into larger units known as earldoms, headed by an ealdorman or earl. Under Edward the Confessor earldoms like Wessex, Mercia, East Anglia and Northumbria—names that represented earlier independent kingdoms—were much larger than any shire. Earls originally functioned essentially as royal governors. Though the title of Earl was nominally equal to the continental duke, unlike them earls were not de facto rulers in their own right. After the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror tried to rule England using the traditional system but eventually modified it to his own liking. Shires became the largest secular subdivision in England and earldoms disappeared. The Normans did create new earls like those of Herefordshire, Shropshire, and Cheshire but they were associated with only a single shire at most. Their power and regional jurisdiction was limited to that of the Norman counts.[6] There was no longer any administrative layer larger than the shire, and shires became "counties". Earls no longer aided in tax collection or made decisions in country courts and their numbers were small. King Stephen increased the number of earls to reward those loyal to him in his war with his cousin Empress Matilda. He gave some earls the right to hold royal castles or control the sheriff and soon other earls assumed these rights themselves. By the end of his reign, some earls held courts of their own and even minted their own coins, against the wishes of the king. It fell to Stephen's successor Henry II to again curtail the power of earls. He took back the control of royal castles and even demolished castles that earls had built for themselves. He did not create new earls or earldoms. No earl was allowed to remain independent of royal control. The English kings had found it dangerous to give additional power to an already powerful aristocracy, so gradually sheriffs assumed the governing role. The details of this transition remain obscure, since earls in more peripheral areas, such as the Scottish Marches and Welsh Marches and Cornwall, retained some viceregal powers long after other earls had lost them. The loosening of central authority during the Anarchy also complicates any smooth description of the changeover. By the 13th century, earls had a social rank just below the king and princes, but were not necessarily more powerful or wealthier than other noblemen. The only way to become an earl was to inherit the title or marry into one—and the king reserved a right to prevent the transfer of the title. By the 14th century, creating an earl included a special public ceremony where the king personally tied a sword belt around the waist of the new earl, emphasizing the fact that the earl's rights came from him. Earls still held influence and as "companions of the king", were regarded as supporters of the king's power. They showed that power for the first time in 1327 when they deposed Edward II. They would later do the same with other kings of whom they disapproved. Still, the number of earls remained the same until 1337 when Edward III declared that he intended to create six new earldoms. Earls, land and titles A loose connection between earls and shires remained for a long time after authority had moved over to the sheriffs. An official defining characteristic of an earl still consisted of the receipt of the "third penny", onethird of the revenues of justice of a shire, that later became a fixed sum. Thus every earl had an association with some shire, and very often a new creation of an earldom would take place in favour of the county where the new earl already had large estates and local influence. Also, due to the association of earls and shires, the medieval practice could remain somewhat loose regarding the precise name used: no confusion could arise by calling someone earl of a shire, earl of the county town of the shire, or earl of some other prominent place in the shire; these all implied the same. So there were the "earl of Shrewsbury" (Shropshire), "earl of Arundel", "earl of Chichester" (Sussex), "earl of Winchester" (Hampshire), etc. In a few cases the earl was traditionally addressed by his family name, e.g. the "earl Warenne" (in this case the practice may have arisen because these earls had little or no property in Surrey, their official county). Thus an earl did not always have an intimate association with "his" county. Another example comes from the earls of Oxford, whose property largely lay in Essex. They became earls of Oxford because earls of Essex and of the other nearby shires already existed. Eventually the connection between an earl and a shire disappeared, so that in the present day a number of earldoms take their names from towns, mountains, or simply surnames. Nevertheless, some[according to whom?] consider that the earldoms named after counties (or county towns) retain more prestige. The oldest earldoms in Scotland (with the exception of the Earldom of Dunbar and March) originated from the office of mormaer, such as the Mormaer of Fife, of Strathearn, etc.; later earldoms developed by analogy. A coronet of a British earl. A British earl is entitled to a coronet bearing eight strawberry leaves (four visible) and eight silver balls (or pearls) around the rim (five visible). The actual coronet is mostly worn on certain ceremonial occasions, but an Earl may bear his coronet of rank on his coat of arms above the shield. Former Prime Ministers An earldom became, with a few exceptions, the default peerage to which a former Prime Minister was appointed. However the last Prime Minister to accept an earldom was Harold Macmillan, who became Earl of Stockton in 1984. In the 1970s life peerages became the norm for former Prime Ministers, though none has accepted any peerage since Margaret Thatcher in 1992. In later medieval Norway, the title of jarl was the highest rank below the king. The jarl was the only one, beside the king himself, who was entitled to have a hird (large armed retinue). There was usually no more than one jarl in mainland Norway at any one time, sometimes none. The ruler of the Norwegian dependency of Orkney held the title of jarl, and after Iceland had acknowledged Norwegian overlordship in 1261, a jarl was sent there as well as the king's high representative. In mainland Norway, the title of jarl was usually used for one of two purposes: To appoint a de facto ruler in cases where the king was a minor or seriously ill (e.g. Håkon galen in 1204 during the minority of king Guttorm, Skule Bårdsson in 1217 during the illness of king Inge To appease a pretender to the throne without giving him the title of king (e.g. Eirik, the brother of king Sverre). used in Norway, and meant that the title jarl was no longer the highest rank below the king. It also heralded the introduction of new noble titles from continental Europe, which were to replace the old Norse titles. The last jarl in mainland Norway was appointed in 1295. Some Norwegian jarls: Skagul Toste Skule Tostesson, killed by peasants near Haverö church in the 12th century. Erling Skakke, father of king Magnus V Alv Erlingsson, earl of Sarpsborg and governor of Borgarsyssel. Haakon the Crazy Main article: Swedish jarls The usage of the title in Sweden was similar to Norway's. Known as jarls from the 12th and 13th century were Birger Brosa, Jon Jarl, Folke Birgersson, Charles the Deaf, Ulf Fase, and the most powerful of all jarls and the last to hold the title, Birger Jarl. Only one person ever held the title of Earl (or Jarl) in Iceland. This was Gissur Þorvaldsson, who was made Earl of Iceland by King Haakon IV of Norway for his efforts in bringing Iceland under Norwegian kingship during the Age of the Sturlungs.[7]  "Earl". Collins Dictionary. 23 September 2014. Retrieved 23 September 2014.   Stevenson, Angus, ed. (2007). Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. 1 A-M (6th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-920687-2.   e.g. Järsberg Runestone (6th century) ek erilaz [...] runor waritu...   Lindström (2006:113–115).   Hughes, Geoffrey (1998-03-26). Swearing: A Social History of Foul Language, Oaths and Profanity in English. Penguin Books. Retrieved 2014-04-08.   Crouch p108  Jesse L. Byock (2001), Viking Age Iceland, Penguin Books, ISBN 0141937653 p. 350 Crouch, David (2002). The Normans. ISBN 1-85285-387-5. Morris, Marc (December 2005). "The King's Companions". History Today. Lindström, Fredrik; Lindström, Henrik (2006). Svitjods undergång och Sveriges födelse. Albert Bonniers förlag. ISBN 9789100107895. (Swedish) External links Media related to Earls at Wikimedia Commons History of Norway History of Sweden Men's social titles Noble titles Norwegian noble titles Swedish nobility Navigation menu Create account Log in View history Main page Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikimedia Shop About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Беларуская (тарашкевіца) Simple English Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Edit links This page was last modified on 7 March 2015, at 21:43. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Contact Wikipedia Mobile view Sponsor Documents Or use your account on DocShare.tips Forgot your password? Or register your new account on DocShare.tips Back to log-in
Athletes Have Unique Gut Microbial Communities People may be familiar with products that claim to impact gut health via probiotics and prebiotics, like kombucha and supplements. Prebiotics are plant fibers that encourage growth of beneficial gut bacteria, while probiotics are usually live bacteria that are associated with good gut health (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2021). Diversity comes up often in discussions about gut microbes. Diversity refers to the amount of different species present in a sample, and more diverse samples contain a wider range of microbes. We know that a less diverse community of gut microbes is associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (Cénit et al., 2014) and obesity (Turnbaugh et al., 2008). However, relatively little is known about how the performance of endurance exercise might impact the microbes living within the gut. Continue reading “Athletes Have Unique Gut Microbial Communities” How Microbes are Affecting Dairy Farmers There are many common bovine diseases yet there is one in particular that is undetected, difficult to treat and detrimental for farmers. Endometritis is a common bovine disease that is an inflammation of the innermost layer of the uterus. It is typically seen 21 days postpartum and there are no symptoms of illness. Endometritis occurs due to the dilating of the cervix and relaxation of the vagina; this natural occurrence post-birth allows the essential barriers to become impaired and the uterus becomes compromised (“Endometritis in Cattle”). Another reason this occurs is that the cow’s immune system is suppressed in the last few weeks of pregnancy and post-birth. Endometritis can be split into two groups: subclinical and clinical. Subclinical is the non-severe form that is typically undiagnosed because there is no external clinical finding. Clinical is the diagnosed and treated disease; typically showing vaginal discharge. Whereas subclinical is only diagnosed through cytology. Continue reading “How Microbes are Affecting Dairy Farmers”
A new world for the Aryan race New ideas on Aryan migration and conquest. They could even lead to a new book, according to one of the book’s authors. The Aryan people were the first indigenous peoples in the world, and they are the only people to have come to America, the U.S. and Europe. They arrived in America at the end of the last ice age and settled in the Southwest, where they built the earliest settlements. In the 19th century, they were pushed out by the white settlers who wanted to convert them to Christianity. The history of their arrival in the U, however, has been a complicated one. They are now being called “the descendants of Aryans” or the “Aryans of North America.” The name has since been used to describe various indigenous populations in the Americas. They include the Iroquois, Mohawks, the Cheyennes, the Dakota and others. “We have to recognize that the term Aryan refers to indigenous peoples,” said David Lasseter, the writer and director of “Frozen,” the Disney movie about the colonization of North American Indians. “We can’t just talk about Aryans all of a sudden.” The Arawaks, also known as the Chippewa, the Kanesatake and the Mandan, were an indigenous people living in what is now Wisconsin from about 1730 to 1850. They came from what is today eastern Montana and northeastern Wisconsin. The U. S. government has called the Chipped Ojibwe, the Mandans and the Chipping Ojikis, or people of the Great Lakes, indigenous people. But they are often grouped with the Arawak people in the American Indian Movement, a group of white supremacist groups. The group’s founder, Charles Spurgeon, is also a white supremacist, according in recent years to a New York Times story. The story says that Spurgeon was a leader in a racist organization called the Sons of the Iroqois, which advocated genocide against the Chips and Ojiches, as well as against other indigenous groups in the region. “The Ojiacs, like the Chippy, were not the descendants of any European race,” the Times said. “They were not ‘European’ people at all.” Spurgeon founded a white nationalist group called the United Aryan Resistance in the late 1940s and 1950s. He wrote that the Chiptewa “have a very special relationship to the Iroque people and that the white people should kill them all.” The name Aryan, according a statement from the Arundel County Historical Society, is a “symbol of purity, purity of blood, purity, and purity of heart.” The term has been used in some cases to describe non-European immigrants, according the New York Historical Society. But it also comes from the Old English word for a “white” or a “pure.” The word is derived from Proto-Germanic *árəs, meaning “white.” The word has been popularized in a book by the late author James Patterson, who wrote a history of the Aish tribe. It was the name of the tribe in Patterson’s book, “The Trail of Tears.” The author also said that the Aryans were a “people of the northern hemisphere” that originated in Siberia and the Black Sea region. The Aryan language, which has a number of similarities to Aryan languages spoken in Russia, was “originally an Indo-European tongue,” Patterson wrote. The name has also been used for non-Aryan populations in Germany, Italy and France. It also has been applied to other indigenous peoples from the Americas, said Susan B. Brown, a historian at Indiana University. In recent years, a few writers have used the term to describe “people” in the North American Indian community. The New York City-based nonprofit Indian Country Today describes itself as “the voice of the American Indians,” and it recently used the name in a newsletter. It did not respond to requests for comment. In the past, the term has come up in the pages of mainstream books and scholarly works, said John McVay, a history professor at the University of Tennessee. But “the Aryan community and the term are used in very different ways in academic books,” he said. “When you are writing about the Auchenai or Chippes or other indigenous tribes, it is the dominant term. But when you are using the term for a white person or a non-white person, you will be more often talking about a person who has been forced to move.” The most famous example is the famous “Ojibway Trail” of Canada, said Brown. She said it was first published in 1857, and the word was popularized by the U of T professor John Locke. In his 1859 book, Locke wrote: “There are those who say the white man has the right to a title and title 스폰서 파트너

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