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On the basis of understanding the processing mechanism of titanium alloy bar and previous experience, the main process tips for processing titanium alloy bar are as follows:
(1) Positive Angle geometric blade is adopted to reduce cutting force, cutting heat and deformation of workpiece.
(2) Maintain a constant feed to avoid hardening of the workpiece, the cutter should always be in the feed state during the cutting process, the radial draft a e should be 30% of the radius in milling.
(3) High pressure and large flow cutting fluid is adopted to ensure the thermal stability of the processing process and prevent the surface denaturation of workpiece and tool damage due to high temperature.
(4) Keep the blade edge sharp, blunt tool is the cause of hot build-up and wear, easy to cause tool failure.
(5) As far as possible, the titanium alloy should be processed in the softest state, because the hardened material becomes more difficult to process, and the heat treatment improves the strength of the material and increases the wear of the blade.
(6) Use large tip radius or chamfer cut, as much as possible into the cutting blade. This reduces the cutting force and heat at each point and prevents local damage. In milling titanium alloy, the influence of cutting speed on tool life vc was the greatest, followed by radial draft (milling depth) ae.
From the blade to solve the problem of titanium processing
The blade groove wear in titanium alloy machining is the local wear in the back and front along the cutting depth. The chemical reaction and diffusion between the tool and the workpiece material at the processing temperature of more than 800℃ is also one of the reasons for the formation of groove wear. During processing, titanium molecules in the workpiece accumulate in the front of the blade and are "welded" to the blade under high pressure and high temperature, forming a debris tumor. When the debris is removed from the blade, the carbide coating of the blade is removed. Therefore, the processing of titanium alloy requires special blade materials and geometric shapes.
Suitable for titanium machining tool structure
The focus of titanium alloy processing is heat, a large amount of high pressure cutting fluid to timely and accurate injection on the cutting edge, in order to be able to quickly remove the heat. There is a special market for titanium alloy milling cutter unique structure.
Link to this article：Process knowhow for processing titanium alloy bar
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Fisetin Alleviates Cognitive Dysfunction and Brain Inflammation
Study shows that fisetin clears damaged mitochondria and mitigates oxidative stress in rats with sepsis, limiting neuroinflammation and preserving cognitive function.
(LightField Studios | Shutterstock)
By Dylan G. Arrazati
• Fisetin ameliorates cognitive impairment in rats modeling sepsis – the body’s extreme response to infection, which triggers uncontrolled inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction.
• By promoting the removal of defective mitochondria (mitophagy) and the clearance of compounds that induce oxidative stress, fisetin limits the inflammatory response.
• The reduced inflammatory response in the brain caused by fisetin likely preserves cognition in septic rats.
Although evolution has trained our body’s internal soldiers — white blood cells — to fight off infection effectively with all its got, one particular condition known as sepsis piggybacks off our cellular defense mechanisms to target the whole body. When our bodies are introduced to foreign invaders, cells carefully trigger an inflammatory response. But humans with sepsis, uncontrolled inflammation in response to infection, experience persistent, uncontrolled inflammation, making the body susceptible to unintentional tissue damage and potential multiorgan failure and even death. Notably, nearly half of septic patients succumb to sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), a neurological disorder that occurs secondary to infection in the body without overt central nervous system (CNS) infection.
According to a study published in CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics by Ding and colleagues, a compound naturally found in plants named fisetin promotes neuroprotective effects in rats with SAE, leading to improved learning and memory formation. The researchers from China find that fisetin activates the removal of defective mitochondria (mitophagy) and eliminates oxidative stress, leading to the inactivation of a multiprotein complex that contributes to the body’s inflammatory response to infection. By blocking this inflammatory multiprotein complex, known as the NLRP3 inflammasome, fisetin blocks the secretion of a specific proinflammatory molecule (IL-1β) into the CNS and protects against cognitive impairments induced by sepsis.
What do we already know about fisetin?
Fisetin’s medicinal applications are no stranger to the scientific community. Among fisetin’s varying pharmacological properties, one that has gained tremendous attention is fisetin’s ability to target and eliminate non-proliferating (senescent) cells, a key hallmark of aging. Studies also show that the naturally abundant flavonol is an effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, with documented chemotherapeutic applications. More importantly, researchers have successfully utilized fisetin as a neuroprotective agent to halt the progression of harmful neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. While there’s excitement in knowing fisetin’s health benefits, scientists are eager to identify the underlying mechanisms that govern these events.
Fisetin rescues cognitive dysfunction in rats with SAE
To evaluate the effects of fisetin on learning and memory formation, Ding and colleagues performed the Morris Water Maze Test. Here, rats are trained to locate a hidden platform submerged in a pool of water divided into four quadrants lined with spatial cues. By looking at the time it takes for rats to find the hidden platform (escape latency), the investigators can get a readout of the quality of spatial memory in these rodents.
After four days of observations, Ding and colleagues saw that the escape latency was much higher in septic rats than control rats, indicating that SAE altered cognition. However, supplementing fisetin (20 mg/kg) to septic rats significantly decreased escape latency over the four days, suggesting that fisetin attenuated SAE-induced memory deficits. What’s more, the escape passage — defined by the distance traveled to locate the hidden platform, substantially decreased after supplementing fisetin to septic rats — further indicating that fisetin contributes to improved learning capabilities and memory formation in SAE rats.
(Ding et al., 2021 | CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics) Fisetin improves learning and memory formation in septic rats. Investigators conducted cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce sepsis in rats. Rats were divided into three groups: Control (Sham) rats, CLP rats, CLP + fisetin rats. (Top Left) Graph displaying the time it took for rats to locate the hidden platform in the Morris Water Maze — a test for spatial memory. (Bottom Left) Graph showing the frequency of rats crossing the hidden platform before locating it, an indicator of spatial memory. (Right) Visualization of the path rats took to find the hidden platform over four days.
Fisetin ameliorates neuroinflammation by clearing mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress
Next, Ding and colleagues determined the root cause of neuroinflammation, which is associated with cerebral dysfunction in septic patients. They proposed that sepsis promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation, resulting in the secretion of a proinflammatory molecule (IL-1β) into the CNS. Notably, oxidative stress, which can arise from defective mitochondria, promotes NLRP3 activation. The research team from the Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences found that septic rats exhibited significantly higher ROS levels compared to control rats. What’s more, they located impaired mitochondria in septic rats, highlighting the possibility that sepsis mediated mitochondrial damage, leading to increased ROS production.
Upon confirming that sepsis increased oxidative stress, Ding and colleagues proceeded with analyzing IL-1β protein expression levels in septic rats to see if ROS activated the NLRP3 inflammasome. As expected, IL-1β protein content was much higher in septic rats compared to control rats, confirming that sepsis-induced oxidative stress triggers NLRP3 activation and promotes IL-1β secretion into the CNS, resulting in neuroinflammation and brain dysfunction.
Together, these findings link fisetin’s effect on rescuing spatial memory to improved neuroinflammation in septic rats, as evidenced by the significant decrease in IL-1β protein levels. Notably, investigators failed to locate any mitochondrial damage after fisetin administration. However, what they did find were autophagosomes, compounds that assist with the removal of damaged mitochondria, indicating that fisetin promotes mitophagy. Given that ROS levels also plummeted following fisetin administration, investigators proposed that ROS elimination likely resulted from mitophagy activation. Taken together, the investigators suggest that fisetin ameliorates neuroinflammation and rescues cognition in septic rats by eliminating oxidative stress via mitophagy, which blocks NLRP3 activation and prevents the secretion of IL-1β into the CNS.
(Ding et al., 2021 | CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics) Fisetin promotes mitophagy and decreases ROS, lowering IL-1β protein levels in CNS. Graphs showing the levels of active inflammasomes using caspase-1 as a proxy (left) in the endothelial cells, IL-1β protein levels in the CNS (middle), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (right) in the endothelial cells of rats with sepsis (CLP) and without (Sham).
Are there clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of fisetin on brain inflammation?
Not only are scientists continually evaluating fisetin in rodents, but several human clinical trials are ongoing that are still in their infancy. Although there aren’t any active clinical trials evaluating the protective nature of fisetin in sepsis patients, the senolytic is being tested for its effectiveness in ameliorating several conditions that induce frailty and inflammation in elderly adults. Given the results of this study and the fact that there are other senolytics being actively tested for their role in human brain health, there is ample evidence for testing fisetin in this context.
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Micro and nano technologies have already contributed significantly to technological advances in a number of industries, including the electronics, biomedical, pharmaceutical, materials and manufacturing, aerospace, photography, and more recently the energy industries. Micro and nano technologies have the potential to introduce revolutionary changes in several areas of the oil and gas industry, such as exploration, drilling, production, enhanced oil recovery, refining and distribution. For example, nanosensors might provide more detailed and accurate information about reservoirs; specially fabricated nanoparticles can be used for scale inhibition; structural nanomaterials could enable the development of petroleum industry equipment that is much lighter and more reliable and long-lasting; and nanomembranes could enhance the gas separation and removal of impurities from oil and gas streams. Other emerging applications of micro and nano technologies in the petroleum industry are new types of "smart fluids" for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and drilling. In short, there are numerous areas in which nanotechnology can contribute to more efficient, less expensive, and more environmentally sound technologies. This paper provides an overview of the micro and nano technologies with a particular focus on nanotech-based solutions for the oil and gas and the broader energy industry. Recent developments in research in areas of significance to the oil and gas industry are briefly reviewed and include two case study examples. The potential opportunities and challenges that face future trends of nanotechnology applications in the oil and gas industry are also discussed.
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Dental health questionaire at Peelhouse Dental Care in Widnes Merseyside
What’s Really Damaging Your Teeth & Dental Health?
Peelhouse Dental Care’s Principal, Dr Matt Lawler on those less obvious lifestyle habits damaging your teeth and oral health in general.
Brushing your teeth is the obvious route to good oral health but we see many people with bad habits damaging their teeth and general dental health in the process.
It’s about looking out for the less-obvious things you can do to keep your pearly whites healthy and happy.
Ultimately, it’s about effectively managing bacteria.
The hundreds of bacteria in your mouth use sugar as food and produce acid that eats away at the enamel. Thankfully, your saliva acts as a natural irrigation system washing most of it away.
However, anything you do that increases the amount of sugar or acid in your mouth or that dries your mouth out (snoring and mouth breathing at night are just two) can damage to your teeth. It can also give you bad breath!
I’ve selected six, perhaps surprising sources of tooth damage and how to avoid them:
Avoid mouth breathing where possible and take plenty of water to prevent the build up of acid. If you’re lifting heavy weights to prevent teeth clenching, wearing a mouth guard while is recommended, especially during an intense workout because you can crack a tooth in the process.
Anyone who wakes up with a dry mouth at night knows how that feels. Not only could you have sleep apnea if you are a heavy snorer but you are also seriously damaging your teeth! Keep them protected by breathing through your nose and don’t forget about grinding! If you wake up with aching jaw muscles, you just might be a tooth-grinder. Ask your dentist about a night guard.
Let your dentist know about any medications you’re taking, whether prescription or over-the-counter because so many dry your mouth.
Chewing Ice
You’re sipping your favourite cold drink and cant resist chewing on the ice. Don’t! Chewing on ice can damage and even break teeth! Obvious perhaps but you’d be surprised at how many people who suffer as a result.
Tongue Piercings
All the more popular in 2017 but you basically have a foreign substance in your mouth and it can crack or even break your teeth if you’re not careful. It’s especially dangerous if that piercing is closer to the tip of your tongue, where it might be constantly clacking against the back of your front teeth.
Acid Reflux
Untreated acid reflux means stomach acid can eventually make its way into your mouth. Pitting in your teeth as it wears away the enamel, usually in the back molars is common. A dentist may refer you to a specialist consultant or initially, encourage you to pursue a more alkaline diet in seeking to eradicate the problem.
Dr Matt Lawler,
Principal Dental Surgeon,
Peelhouse Dental Care,
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Murchison Falls National Park
The Murchison falls national park
Murchison falls national park is Uganda’s largest park. In fact, it became a park in 1952.
The spectacular Murchison falls gave the park its name. This is where the river Nile forcefully flows 45 meters down. The river gushes through a small space and falls on the rocks below. The river then continues its journey to the Mediterranean Sea.
The Nile divides Murchison national park into two parts-north and south. The northern side of the park has most animals. Since it is mainly grassland, it attracts a lot of the grazers. And of course the predators as a result.
The river Nile forms the Murchison falls in the national park
The vegetation of Murchison falls national park
This consists of savanna and borassus palms, riverine woodland and acacia trees. Some forest patches also make part of the park’s vegetation. However the southern side of the park is mainly woodland and has fewer animals. In the dry season, the Jacaranda trees along the road have pretty purple flowers.
Well known visitors to the park include; Winston Churchill, Theodore Roosevelt, Ernest Hemingway and British royals.
The Game drives and Boat trips
Game drives are carried out across the Nile, on the northern side of the park. Tracks that can easily be explored include the Buligi track, where Leopards are commonly seen.
The Queen and Commonwealth tracks are famous for spotting lions. Ordinarily, herds of giraffes and buffaloes are common along the Victoria and Albert tracks.
Boat trips
The boat trips along the river Nile start from Paraa. They sail up and downstream.
The most popular boat trips go upstream to the bottom of the Murchison falls. These normally take place in the afternoon when most animals come to the river for a drink. However, the boat trips can be arranged any time of day if you can make up the numbers and payments.
The boat tour along the river is the perfect opportunity to photograph birds and animals of the park.
The other boat trips go down the river to the Nile delta. It is mostly preferred by birdwatchers. This boat trip is a great platform to see the rare swamp and water birds of the park. This is especially so for the Shoe-bill and Papyrus Gonolek.
Murchison falls national park is one of the richest biodiversity area of Uganda. The 76 animal species in the park include Elephants, buffaloes, lions, giraffes, leopard, Hippos, water bucks, crocodiles, hartebeests, Uganda kobs. The tiny oribi antelopes that look like Dik-diks also live in the park.
The primates include the chimpanzees, patas monkey, Black and white colobus and the Olive Baboon.
There are 451 bird species including the rare shoebill, Banded Martin, Red throated Bee-eater, Wooly-necked stork, Goliath Heron and more.
Size of the park: 3840
Location of the park: North western Uganda
Accessibility of Murchison falls
By road from Entebbe to Kampala through Masindi then Paraa, the park is 350 kms. However, this needs at least 6 hours to drive.
There is an airstrip north of Paraa Lodge. It lies south of Pakuba Lodge on the northern side of the park. It is therefore possible to fly from Entebbe to the park. The flight time is about one hour.
Tourism activities when visiting the park
There are several activities in the park. These include game drives, boat cruises on the river Nile, nature walks and bird watching. Chimpanzee trekking is in Budongo forest. Meanwhile, cultural performances can be organized from the nearby Mubaku village.
Lodges in Murchison falls national park
The accommodations in the park range from low to luxury budget. For example, Paraa Lodge, Baker’s, Kabalega Wilderness are of high budget. But Pakuba and Murchison river lodges are medium range. Red Chilli on the other hand is of low budget.
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Things That You Must Know About Quality of Drinking Water
Do you know that 14% of Americans depend upon the private well as a primary source for drinking water? However, no private wells are well regulated and its safety can be influenced by a number of factors, including:
• Where the well is located?
• How it was built?
• How it is maintained?
• Human activities around your area
• The quality of aquifer which is supplying the well
Safety and quality of bottled water:
Sizeable number of people in the USA prefers to drink bottled water and as per the data, there is regular increase in number of such people going for bottled water.
People have a perception that bottled water contamination is not the same like water available in the tap. That is because FDA generally regulates the quality of bottled water.
However, the FDA cannot oversee testing program similar to EPA who regulates public water suppliers. Hence, there is no assurance that bottled water that you bought from the market will be safe.
Contaminants in the water supply pipes
Often even your tap water too, can become contaminated because of any breaks in your water supply line. One of the major problems in the tap water is the presence of lead which is getting into water from pipes. Also, ”lead-free” pipes may contain almost as high as 8% lead.
If you want to avoid drinking water containing lead coming from tap water then use only water from cold tap for either drinking, cooking or to prepare baby food. Also, you must run the water for few minutes before you use it.
Health effects by of drinking contaminated water
The amount of effect that contaminated water can do for your health will depend upon the type of contaminants. As an example:
If cryptosporidium which is a pathogen sometimes goes into the water supplies then It may cause gastrointestinal disease which could be fatal.
If nitrate contamination is present in the water then it can be a threat to your infant children. Nitrates can get converted into nitrites in the intestine that prevent blood from supplying oxygen.
Presence of lead may cause both mental and physical problems in the development of infants and children. Even adults who were drinking for many years lead-tainted water may experience high blood pressure or kidney problems.
If you boil contaminated water then will it be safe to drink? This will depend upon the contaminant. If boiling water will kill germs, then it is fine but lead, pesticides or nitrates are not affected due to boiling.
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12 Health Benefits of REM Sleep | Sleep Galleria
12 Health Benefits of REM Sleep
12 Health Benefits of REM Sleep
When it comes to stages of the sleep cycle, REM takes the cake for health benefits. REM begins at about the 90-minute mark after you've fallen asleep. This is when your eyes begin rapid eye movement (REM) behind your eyelids. Most dreams happen during REM, but there are more benefits to REM sleep than just enjoying dreamland.
1. Process Your Emotions
Getting enough REM sleep may help you process your emotions. The amygdala is a part of the brain that is involved with processing our emotions. During REM sleep the amygdala becomes very active. This increase in amygdala activity suggests that we process our emotions while we sleep, especially during the REM stage.
1. Learning and Memory
The thalamus is another part of the brain that becomes extra active during REM. Its purpose is to send information to the cerebral cortex. The thalamus is responsible for sending images, sounds, and sensations that we experience in our dreams. The cerebral cortex is the part of the brain that processes information from short-term memory to long-term memory. When not in REM, the thalamus isn't very active at all. Experts believe that learning and memory are affected by this increase in thalamus activity during REM.
1. Promotes Healthy Levels of Melatonin
The pineal gland is the part of the brain that produces the sleep hormone melatonin. During REM, the pineal gland produces more melatonin. This process of releasing melatonin helps us stay asleep, which in turn, promotes better sleep cycles. Better sleep means better health, so getting enough REM sleep can actually help you get enough sleep in general.
1. May Protect Against Alzheimer's
Now this one gets a little extra-scientific, but REM sleep may help protect against Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Research published in the journal, Sleep Disorders, discovered that neuroglobin (Ngb) levels are regulated during REM sleep. "Ngb levels reduce amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposits, decrease levels of Aβ (1-40) and Aβ (1-42), and improve behavioral performance, thereby abating the Alzheimer’s disease phenotype". In other words, Ngb helps fight back against the internal causes of Alzheimer's.
1. REM Sleep Helps You Live Longer
A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association looking into the association of REM sleep with mortality rates in middle-aged and older adults. The findings were a bit alarming. Out of over 4000 participants studied, including over 1300 who were followed up with for 20 years, those who had less REM had higher mortality rates. For every measurement of 5% less REM sleep, over 12 years, mortality rates rose by 13%. This means that not getting enough REM sleep can shorten your lifespan.
1. Helps You Deal with Fear and Trauma
Researchers at the Society for Neuroscience found an interesting relationship between REM sleep and fear associated with trauma. During REM sleep, the brain activity that is responsible for processing fear, stress, and trauma seems to be reduced. This suggests that REM sleep helps us process fear and trauma. Those of us who don't get enough REM sleep are more likely to be susceptible to trauma, as well as the fear and stress that comes with it.
1. Read People's Minds
Ok, so REM doesn't actually give you the ability to read people's minds. However, research does indicate that the right about of REM helps people read the emotions of others through their facial cues. Study participants who reached REM sleep were better at identifying the expression of positive emotions like happiness. It's no superpower, but it is good to know that REM sleep can help you pick up on other people's body language.
1. Fight Off Depression
Sleep experts at the American Association of Sleep Technologists tell us that there is a link between depression and REM sleep. People who are suffering from depression have reduced REM sleep latency. Up to 85% of people with depression experience episodes of insomnia, and this relationship between REM sleep and depression may be why. Getting enough REM sleep can help boost your moods and fight off depression.
1. Reduce Your Chances of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
If you're taking your sleep health seriously, then you're trying to get the right amount of sleep each night, and the maximum quality of sleep you can get during that time. Although whether or not you develop sleep disorders isn't always in your hands, getting enough REM sleep can help reduce your chances of developing REM sleep behavior disorder, which causes you to act out your dreams physically. This can cause sleep disturbances for you, and your partner if you don't sleep alone.
1. Have More Vivid Dreams
This next one comes from the Mayo Clinic. Getting the right amount of REM sleep can help us have more vivid dreams. Dreams can happen at any stage of the sleep cycle but are much more vivid during REM. Having vivid dreams may not seem to be the biggest health benefit of REM, but tell that to that dream you've had where you wish you could have stayed in the dream just a little bit longer. Good dreams can turn into good moods upon awakening.
1. Tune Your Circadian Rhythm
Your circadian rhythm is your body's internal clock. It helps regulate your sleep cycles, including when to fall asleep, how long you stay asleep, and when you wake up. During REM sleep, several neurochemical transmitters and hormones are released. This means if you don't get enough REM sleep, you can throw off your circadian rhythm which can cause all types of sleep problems.
1. Wake up On Time
There are many benefits to waking up early, and getting enough REM sleep each night can help you wake up on time. As we mentioned in the previous benefit of REM sleep, REM is involved in influencing your circadian rhythm. Not only does this help you fall asleep and stay asleep, but it also helps you wake up in the morning without feeling tired. Healthy REM sleep encourages your body to wake up on time in the morning, and feel rested when you rise.
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The Differences Between Sushi Rice and Regular Rice
If you’re new to eating sushi, you’ve probably noticed that the rice seems a bit different than regular rice, even if it looks and tastes practically the same. If you’re wondering if there is any difference between the two, you’re not alone. While they’re very similar, there are some differences.
Sushi rice is sticky short-grain white rice typically cooked with a mixture of vinegar and sugar, creating an even stickier texture. The main difference between sushi rice and regular rice is the size of the grain and the way that the rice is cooked and prepared.
This article will discuss what kind of rice sushi rice is and the main differences between sushi rice and regular rice. Throughout this article, you’ll also learn the following about sushi rice:
• What causes the different textures between sushi rice and regular rice
• If sushi rice is healthier than regular rice
• The different ways to prepare sushi rice and regular rice
• If you can use other rice as sushi rice
How Is Sushi Rice Different From Regular Rice?
Sushi rice is different from regular rice because it is a short-grain variant, while regular rice is typically medium or long-grain. Short grain rice, like sushi rice, contains more amylopectin starch molecules responsible for making rice sticky after cooking.
While many people may think sushi rice and regular rice are similar or even the same, they have many differences besides the texture and grain size.
Sushi rice typically has a sweeter taste than other rice, which is why it’s used in many dessert dishes across Asia.
What Kind of Rice Is Sushi Rice?
Sushi rice is a glutinous rice, also known as Sticky Rice. This rice is a short-grain white rice that is mainly grown in Southeast and East Asia. While this rice is primarily used for sushi, it’s also popular in many other dishes across Asia.
Most of the time, Sushi rice is referred to as Sticky Rice, as in many places in East Asia, it’s used in dishes besides sushi.
Is Sushi Rice Healthier Than Regular Rice?
Sushi rice is not healthier than many other types of rice because it has a high sugar and starch content. Additionally, sushi rice is typically compacted into smaller-looking portions. Therefore, it’s easier to eat a larger amount than you usually would.
If you’re trying to decide which rice to use for your dishes, the health aspects are an essential aspect to consider. While some people may think that short-grain rice will be healthier than long-grain rice, that’s not always the case.
The rice in sushi is typically the least healthy aspect of sushi because the rice is high in carbohydrates due to the level of amylopectin and has little to no extra nutritional value. As amylopectin starch components have a high glycemic index (GI), eating too much sushi rice could cause a spike in your blood sugar.
Which Rice Is the Healthiest?
Brown rice is considered one of the healthier options when it comes to rice. While it’s still one of the foods that can have a high GI, brown rice is higher in protein and other vitamins and minerals than different types of rice.
Therefore, it’s a popular choice for people who try to eat healthily and have specific dietary restrictions.
What Causes the Different Textures of Sushi Rice and Regular Rice?
Rice has two main starch components: Amylose and Amylopectin. Rice with more amylopectin, like sushi rice, is more sticky or glutinous than rice with high amylose. Because sushi rice contains more amylopectin, the water thickens as it cooks, causing a sticky texture.
With short-grain rice like sushi rice, scratch granules will pop around 160-170°F (71-76°C). Whereas regular rice, or medium or long-grain rice, doesn’t pop until around 200°F (93°C). Regular rice contains more amylose. Therefore, it gives off less starch, which results in rice that is separated instead of glutinous.
What’s the Difference Between How Sushi Rice and Regular Rice Is Prepared?
While most people choose to either steam or boil rice, steaming is usually the best option when it comes to sushi rice. Sticky sushi rice can quickly turn into an inedible clump if you use too much water, and a steamer will provide more consistent results.
Many people will make short-grain rice and drizzle it Rice Vinegar, such as the Marukan Genuine Brewed Rice Vinegar from, before folding the rice to mix it all together.
Do You Need To Use Rice Vinegar?
With sushi rice or other short-grain rice, using rice vinegar isn’t necessary unless you want the texture more sticky. Sushi rice and short-grain rice will already be sticky. However, if you make medium-grain rice and want a sticky texture, using rice vinegar on the rice will make it sticky.
Can I Use Regular Rice As Sushi Rice?
Sushi rice is used for sushi because of its sticky texture, and regular rice won’t work as well or stay stuck together as sushi should. The stickiness of the rice helps keep sushi rolls together. While you can use any short-grain rice, rice grown for sushi will ensure the best results.
While there are excellent sushi rice products specifically labeled sushi rice, such as this 4Sisters Japonica Sushi Rice from, you can make your own sushi rice with any short-grain rice. Buying a sushi rice-specific product like this one, however, will guarantee a great, sticky texture that’s perfect for sushi rolls.
Final Thoughts
While sushi rice and regular rice have many similarities, they are also very different. Sushi rice, or short-grain rice, has a sticky texture due to the tiny granules. When cooked, this rice emits starch into the water, making a sticky texture.
On the other hand, regular rice has medium to long grains, so the cooked rice is separated. Therefore, it doesn’t have the same sticky texture. Since you can make sushi rice from any form of short-grain rice, you can easily prepare it, especially if you add rice vinegar to give the rice some extra stickiness.
Here are some of my favorite sushi making tools
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A while back, Untapped Cities reader Cathleen Mayrose sent us a photograph of the Second Empire facade of the 59th Street Bloomingdale’s department store being painted over in black. Whether or not they are welcomed, these changes are typical in a city like New York, which is constantly being eyed by developers and businesses looking to plant a flag on a profitable property. And without landmarking, historical buildings can easily become a target.
In attempting to protect New York City’s architecturally and historically significant sites, the Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) grants “landmark” or “historic district” status to various properties across the city. Recently, it designated 12 historic buildings in Midtown East as city landmarks after conducting a survey of East 39th to East 57th streets, from Fifth Avenue to Second Avenue.
The agency selected the following sites, which fall into three key eras: Pre-Grand Central Terminal (development through the 1910s); Grand Central/Terminal City and Post Grand Central (buildings constructed after 1933).
Pre-Grand Central Terminal Era:
12. Minnie E. Young Residence, 19 East 54th Street
The Renaissance Revival style townhouse at 19 East 54th Street was built in 1899-1900 for Minnie E. Young, the widow of stockbroker Albert Young, and one of five siblings who inherited a fortune from their uncle, Lewis Ginter, the founder of American Tobacco Company.
The structure itself reflects the “upper class tastes” of well-off New York City families during the early 1900s. During that time, the area around Fifth Avenue in East Midtown was a thriving residential area, and the Young House reflects that. It is noted for its 40-foot-wide granite facade, window balustrades and stone cornice, among other features.
As the neighborhood began to shift to a business center by the 1910s, the house was also repurposed for a variety of uses, including a dressmaking firm (Lucille Ltd.), the Kenneth Beauty Salon, the Bank Audi (now Interaudi Bank), and the English Speaking Union.
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Fletcher Henderson
American musician
Alternate titles: Fletcher Hamilton Henderson, Jr., James Fletcher Henderson, Smack
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Fast Facts
Fletcher Henderson and his band
Fletcher Henderson and his band
December 18, 1897 Georgia
December 29, 1952 (aged 55) New York City New York
Movement / Style:
big-band jazz swing
Fletcher Henderson, in full Fletcher Hamilton Henderson, Jr., original name James Fletcher Henderson, byname Smack, (born December 18, 1897, Cuthbert, Georgia, U.S.—died December 29, 1952, New York City, New York), American musical arranger, bandleader, and pianist who was a leading pioneer in the sound, style, and instrumentation of big band jazz.
Henderson was born into a middle-class family; his father was a school principal and his mother a teacher, and he studied piano as a child. He changed his name (James was his grandfather’s name, Fletcher Hamilton his father’s) in 1916 when he entered Atlanta University, from which he graduated as a chemistry and math major. In 1920 he moved to New York, intending to work as a chemist while pursuing a graduate degree. Although he found a part-time laboratory job, he immediately began getting work as a pianist. Within months he was a full-time musician, and he began working for W.C. Handy’s music publishing company as a song plugger (i.e., promoting songs to performers). In 1921 he took a position as musical factotum for Black Swan records, the first Black-owned recording company, for which he organized small bands to provide backing for such singers as Ethel Waters. He played piano for leading Black singers on more than 150 records between 1921 and 1923 and then began a full-time career as a bandleader.
Background: acoustic guitar side view, string, fingerboard, music
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Henderson was a superb arranger, but he was a poor businessman. Although the band had played major venues and been heard on the radio and in recordings, its finances were frequently in disarray, and musicians often left without notice to join other outfits. He nevertheless managed to keep his band going until the mid-1930s, at which time he sold many of his arrangements to Benny Goodman, who used them to define the sound of his new orchestra. “King Porter Stomp,” “Down South Camp Meetin’,” “Bugle Call Rag,” “Sometimes I’m Happy,” and “Wrappin’ It Up” are among the Henderson arrangements that became Goodman hits.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia BritannicaThis article was most recently revised and updated by Patricia Bauer.
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Amada Sánchez Cruz
Calle Benito Juárez S/N
Barrio Chico 71750
Pinotepa de Don Luis, Oaxaca
954 120 6153 WhatsApp
website for COVID-19 SALES.
Amada Sánchez Cruz is a well-known Mixteco weaver from Pinotepa de Don Luis, Oaxaca. Her work is endangered of disappearing and is exactly the reason why Feria Maestros del Arte was developed.
People don't know it, but among the coastal towns of Oaxaca, the Japanese are everything but popular. The blame for this international displeasure is a mollusk, a small snail whose life passes on the stones that spread on the Oaxacan coast and from whose body a purple tint (purpura) is born. Because of the Japanese, this mollusk has almost disappeared.
The National Commission for Natural Protected Areas (Conanp) has documented that in the early 1980s, Japanese workers plucked snails from their stony existence with an iron hook, smeared the liquid that came from the body of mollusks on silk garments to dye them and then discarded the snails. In the process, the mollusk died or, rather, was killed to obtain beautiful purple kimonos. In five years the species was almost annihilated.
"It was when the purple snail came down. They threw it, they left it in the sun and that mollusk is delicate, you cannot leave it on the hot stone because it dies, because it takes about five minutes for it to adhere to the stone again. Japanese hit the snail in the tower, "recalls Mauro Habacuc Avendaño Luis, a dyer.
The company responsible for the overexploitation was the Japanese company Purple Imperial, which reached an economic agreement with community members in the area to obtain greater volumes and prohibited the Mixtec inhabitants of the place from using the mollusk to dye their traditional clothing, just as they do. From pre-Hispanic times: without killing the snail in the process.
The situation continued until 1985, when dyers from Pinotepa de Don Luis denounced the exploitation, the federal government prohibited this activity to the Japanese and stopped the killing of the mollusk.
Almost 40 years have passed since the Japanese episode, but since then, the snail populations have not fully recovered. Now they face the devastation caused by tourism, its gastronomic use, pollution and climate change.
The scientific name of the purple snail is "Plicopurpura pansa" and its habitat extends to the rocky areas of Bahías de Huatulco. The coveted dye is produced by exposing mollusk fluids to light and oxygen.
Although before dyeing was practiced in other states, now it is only preserved thanks to the Mixotecs from Pinotepa de Don Luis, who have always used it to dye skeins of cotton with which they mainly make the tangle or "pozahuanco", dressed traditional used by women. To do this they use a wooden stake of up to a meter that they take from the root of the mangrove. With it they release the snail from the stone, which releases a transparent liquid and later a white substance, as a defense mechanism against predators.
These substances are the ones that the dyers spread on the cotton skein. In contact with sunlight and oxygen, cotton turns from milky white to yellow, then turns green and finally purple.
With life, the snail is returned to the stone in a part where there is shade and humidity, with the aim of returning it to its habitat. The caretakers of the dye obtain the purple garments and the mollusk is not slain.
Mauro Avendaño was 15 years old in 1956 when he learned the dyeing technique from one of his uncles. For this he walked eight days, from Pinotepa de Don Luis to Puerto Ángel, in search of specimens. "An uncle taught me, I walked with him, so there was no way to go, transportation, communication; the first part where I arrived is Puerto Ángel," he says.
Mauro says that there was a lot of purple snails then. He says that in one day he dyed four 250-gram skeins of cotton and in five days he returned to Pinotepa de Don Luis with up to 20 skeins, each needing the dye of 300 purpura snails. Now, he explains, they can spend up to 15 days looking for the mollusks and return with only four skeins. The scarcity of the species, says Mauro, has translated into a more expensive garment, since a 250-gram skein, which is enough for several blouses or a huipil, can cost around $10,000 or $12,000 pesos.
Gordillo Solís, director of the Huatulco National Park, rules out that the purple snail is in danger of extinction, but accepts that there is a significant decrease in the population found in the region and, therefore, it is a species that is under protection, under the 2010 Mexican standard, something that is repeated in all the places where it lives: in addition to Oaxaca, in a strip that extends from a part of Michoacán and Jalisco, and up to Ecuador.
One of the threats that the species faces in the region is the extraction carried out by the "piedreros", fishermen who are dedicated to the extraction of mollusks such as limpet, dog's tongue and the same purple snail to sell them as food gourmet to tourists. "If you go to the beach. they pass you offering oyster, dog's tongue and you don't really know what you are buying.
Another threat is contamination caused by the increase in tourist activities on beaches such as "El Maguey" and "La Delivery", among others in the Bays of Huatulco; organic pollution, by the lack of water management that causes waste to go directly to the ocean, and by garbage that arrives from the high seas. Added to this adverse scenario is global warming, since the ecosystem where the purple snail lives is subject to periods of humidity, and the increase in temperature causes drying of the rocks and alters marine currents, generating greater pounding of the sea towards its habitat.
In addition, to achieve sustainability, the caretakers take turns every month to dye their skeins of cotton: they go two by two for periods of eight to 15 days, since it is increasingly difficult to find the snail. Caretakers say that staining with the purple snail is only maintained to preserve their culture and for those who value and admire their weaving and dyeing.
You can watch a video about this endangered art on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jOSTGS4ZqdI
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What is Blockchain, and What is it Used For?
coin and a graph in a screen
Cryptocurrency markets seem unstoppable at the moment, with new and established products growing 24/7. The blockchain lies at the heart of this relentless development, which is challenging traditional banking infrastructure and offering exciting new opportunities.
But what is the blockchain and why is it so crucial to the direction of economic development? Let's explore more and answer some fundamental questions to build a deeper understanding of how the crypto-economy functions.
What is Blockchain Technology?
At its simplest, a blockchain is a shared ledger which records transactions and tracks assets while building trust among users by making every operation transparent.
Most blockchains function as distributed databases that are shared by several nodes in a computer network. As a database, it stores electronic information in encrypted form that is virtually incorruptible.
When changes are made to this database, the whole distributed chain is updated so that the information presented to the users is always accurate and up to date. This allows the blockchain to act as a real-time economic ledger that stores encoded data of financial transactions. But it can be used to store other data as well.
A key fact is that no one person owns a blockchain. As mentioned before, it runs on interconnected computers. Multiple nodes host a blockchain simultaneously, and anyone with an internet connection can access its data.
A Brief History of Blockchain Technology
In economic terms, the idea behind the blockchain is to enable transactions with less friction and more trust between sellers and buyers. This concept was first described in 1991 by Stuart Haber and Scott Stronetta, who sought a practical solution for time-stamping digital documents such as orders and invoices.
In 2004, Hal Finney introduced the concept of Reusable Proof of Work (RPoW), which developed into the digital cash we know today. RPoW later developed into RSA-signed tokens that one could transfer to other people, solving the problem of double-spending.
Later in 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto developed the concept of a distributed blockchain that allowed the addition of blocks to an original chain without needing signatures of the trusted parties.
This liberated the technology to function as a currency delivery system, and it now forms the backbone of the cryptocurrency sector.
Components of a Blockchain
A blockchain consists of different components which combine to keep the system running. These include:
• Nodes — Nodes are devices that form the basic blocks of the blockchain architecture, with each node having an independent copy of the complete blockchain ledger.
• Blocks — The data structures used to keep transactions well distributed among nodes in the network.
• Transactions — These are records or information that are encoded onto blocks of the blockchain, describing any changes or additions.
• Chain — The connection of several blocks in a specific order, providing a record of how the ledger has developed.
• Miners — The means of adding new blocks. Before they can be added to the blockchain, blocks undergo a verification process. Miners are the specific nodes that conduct these verifications.
• Consensus protocols — A set of rules and regulations governing the operations in a blockchain.
How Does the Blockchain Work?
A standard blockchain consists of transactions (or changes) and blocks. Each block has a cryptographic hash that is unique and links them to the previous change. Every block also has a storage capacity, which, when closes when filled and is linked to the previous filled block.
All participants on the blockchain can see the block, and they can verify or reject changes. The entries from these changes are recorded into the block as a ledger and secured by cryptographic technology.
Blockchains can record all sorts of information, but transactions are the most common, and Bitcoin is their most famous application. When a transaction happens:
• It is transmitted to the peer-to-peer computer network scattered all over the world
• These computers solve the equations required to validate the transaction
• Upon confirmation, the information is clustered into a block, chained to a previous and next transaction
• When full, the block chains to another full block
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Benefits of Blockchains
Blockchains revolutionized the field of finance, with a range of potential benefits. Most importantly, blockchain-based currencies are seen to be more secure than storing cash digitally and physically.
Consider a case where a hacker wants to hack into Bitcoin and steal some crypto. Once they alter their own copy of the blockchain ledger, it becomes different from the copies in other nodes.
As a result, the hacker stands out during the cross-referencing of entries, which raises an alarm in the cybersecurity network of the chain. That's a big plus for banks, insurance companies, and individuals sending money to each other. But there are other advantages, too:
• You can minimize costs with the peer-to-peer network that cuts out intermediaries and saves time
• Blockchains can often be fast and convenient
• Blockchains are transparent, since each transaction has a link to transactions before and after in the block. This transparency builds trust in networks or currencies, adding to their value
• It provides a secure and private alternative to banking, avoiding reliance on corporations or government intervention
Drawbacks of Blockchains
However, we need to be realistic. Blockchains also come with some negatives. For instance:
• Cryptocurrencies have historically been used in illegal activities, making them unappealing for some users and posing problems for governments
• Mining involves the use of expensive tech which also has a huge environmental impact
• There are storage limitations, and no chain is limitless
Conclusion: Get to Know Crypto Tech with Ironhack
Blockchain is the foundation of the cryptocurrency world, providing a safe, secure, and transparent record of all transactions.
As we've seen, this technology has huge potential, with cybersecurity advantages, transparency and efficiency benefits. And this has also meant that a huge tech industry has arisen to build crypto apps and infrastructure.
Whether you want to know more about crypto to inform investments or you're keen on coding in the sector, Ironhack's bootcamps can help. We're on the cutting edge of tech, so get in touch and book a course today. It's an exciting area, with so much to discover.
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For protecting an idea so that someone else can’t steal it, it is essential to secure one or more of the different forms of Intellectual Property (IP). Quite often, every invention begins as its owner’s trade secret. Hence, there is a need to go ahead with Trademark Registration, Patent Protection, or Copyright Registration and have Intellectual Property Protection in hand before marketing the innovations or inventions. Most of the people around the world are not aware of the fact or haven’t yet fully realized that they can protect their innovations using various forms of IP. Let us consider an example to have a better understanding of this concept. The brand ‘Coca-Cola’ is a trademark; its recipe is a trade secret; Copyright Protection is there on its packaging art, and its bottle or Can are protected by both a design patent and trademark in the form of trade dress. In the same manner, your unique product or invention can also seek protection by more than one type of IP. It is imperative to parse out which aspects of your innovation are suitable for Trademark Protection, patent protection, and copyright protection, respectively.
Safeguarding a brand’s name deserves the utmost importance as one would never want to invest time and money at a later stage after finding out that someone else is already using his or her registered mark. A trademark is a name, symbol, or sign associated with a product or service and is known to protect a brand. To be specific, a trademark is anything that helps the customers in identifying a product or its source. Moreover, other things like color, sound, or smell can serve as a trademark too. The most common types of trademark include logos, watermarks, and slogans. If you are planning to go ahead with trademark registration, start by protecting the wordmark first and then seek trademark protection for the other aspects of your product as a part of your overall marketing and business strategy. Besides, it is highly advisable to conduct a thorough search before filing a Trademark Application and ensure that nobody else is using a similar mark.
Almost every product can seek copyright protection for at least one of its aspects. For instance – the images or words on the product’s packaging, its label, and the product itself; can all be protected with a copyright. A few advantages of copyright registration include that the process is inexpensive, and the copyright is comparatively easier to secure. Copyright protection extends to the original and creative works of authorship that are fixed in a tangible medium of expression. It implies that creative or innovative works have been either written or drawn on paper, saved on an electronic storage device, or preserved in some other tangible format.
A few examples of copyrightable works include videos, articles, movies, books, software, and photos. Copyright protection doesn’t extend to ideas or useful items, which fall under patent protection. It is a matter of fact that yes – software is a functional item, yet it can get copyright protection due to the creativity involved in the entire process of selecting, ordering, and arranging multiple pieces of code in the software.
A patent offers an owner or inventor the exclusive rights to his or her invention and excludes others from using, selling, manufacturing, distributing, or licensing the product until the term of patent protection. Generally, a patent is defined using three attributes, namely, newness, non-obviousness, and usefulness. Patent protection helps in establishing a healthy market position as your new idea or invention can prove to a great differentiator among your business competitors. Also, you can commercialize the concept to earn higher returns on your investment. An interesting thing about receiving a patent is that even if you don’t have enough time to exploit your invention, you can still license or sell it for generating a new income stream. Without patent protection, the world economy shall become a place of less creativity, innovation, and discovery.
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Why are food allergies so common now?
Why are food allergies so common now?
Why are food allergies so common now?
What is causing the increase in peanut allergies?
How do food allergies affect the immune system?
In food allergen-sensitized individuals those who have been exposed to the allergen and had an initial immune response subsequent exposure to the food allergen triggers IgE-mediated degranulation of immune effector cells, such as mast cells and basophils, resulting in the rapid manifestation of symptoms.
How do I find out what foods Im allergic to?
How do you find out what you are allergic to?
How do you flush allergens out of your system?
Treating mild allergic reactionsStop eating. If your body is reacting to a food you’ve eaten, the first step is simple: Stop eating the food. Antihistamines. Over-the-counter antihistamines may help lessen the symptoms of a mild reaction. Acupuncture.
What happens if you keep eating food you’re intolerant to?
What are the two most common food intolerances?
Here are 8 of the most common food intolerances.Dairy. Lactose is a sugar found in milk and dairy products. Gluten. Gluten is the general name given to proteins found in wheat, barley, rye and triticale. Caffeine. Salicylates. Amines. FODMAPs. Sulfites. Fructose.
Can food intolerances go away?
Food intolerances, which the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology defines as “difficulty digesting a particular food,” are different than food allergies and often resolve on their own. Food allergies involve the immune system, whereas food intolerances generally do not.
What are the causes of intolerance?
Causes of food intolerance include:Absence of an enzyme needed to fully digest a food. Lactose intolerance is a common example.Irritable bowel syndrome. This chronic condition can cause cramping, constipation and diarrhea.Sensitivity to food additives. Recurring stress or psychological factors. Celiac disease.
How do you cure food sensitivities?
The best approach to manage food sensitivity is to adopt a short-term elimination diet. It works like this: You eliminate a particular food for about two to four weeks to see if your symptoms recede. Then you reintroduce the food gradually, according to your tolerance, to see if your symptoms reappear.
How do you cure intolerance?
The best current treatment for food intolerance is to either avoid certain foods or eat them less often and in smaller amounts, as well as taking supplements that may help digestion.
Are food sensitivities permanent?
Food intolerances are permanent. Food sensitivities elicit an specific antibody-mediated immune response that differs from a food allergy. They can be difficult to diagnose as symptoms are often delayed until two to three days after the food was consumed.
Can leaky gut cause allergies?
In the case of ‘leaky gut’ these foreign substances ‘leak’ into your blood stream. The immune system responds by increasing inflammation around the gut wall, which can exacerbate food allergies and worsen conditions like eczema, IBS and chronic fatigue.
Where does leaky gut occur?
What can you do to prevent leaky gut?
Taking self-care steps that promote overall digestive health may be the best way to protect yourself from leaky gut.Increase your intake of high-fiber foods. Reduce your intake of refined carbohydrates. Reduce your use of NSAIDs. Take probiotic supplements. Reduce your stress levels. Reduce your alcohol intake.
Do allergies start in the gut?
23, 2004 — Allergies and asthma may start in your gut. Upset the gut’s natural mix of helpful bacteria and fungi, and allergies and asthma may develop. According to researchers, the rates of allergies and asthma have increased.
Are allergies related to gut health?
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Waste management and environmentalism in China
Waste management and environmentalism in China
Free course
Waste management and environmentalism in China
Pressure groups and politics
There is clear evidence that environmental NGOs are expanding the political space within which they operate. They are engaging with a growing number of environmental issues. These range from the relatively safe issue of air pollution to the more politically sensitive contesting of big hydroelectric dam projects to polluted water systems, contaminated soil, excessive noise or tainted drinking water. Environmental NGOs are facilitating citizens’ right to know, to debate and to contest environmental policy.
Environmental politics in China are encouraging public action and addressing people’s grievances. The environment is a relatively safe issue about which to become politically aware and active. But environmental politics could be helping to build a more active civil society.
Civil society is the arena where people come together to pursue shared interests, purposes and values. It largely operates in the space between the economy (the market) and the state (government). It is an instrument to inject the interests of people and society into a dialogue with the market and state sectors regarding how society is governed.
A new law on environment protection came into effect in 2015 in response to widespread protests over air quality (China Dialogue, 2016). The law assigns a role to environmental NGOs and civil society to act as watchdogs and start legal proceedings against companies and local governments violating the law. In 2016, the Chinese Supreme Court also granted environmental NGOs more power to use the courts to pursue those that flout environmental protection laws (The Guardian, 2015). They will also be allowed to sue firms or individuals across China, regardless of where the organisation is based. This demonstrates that central government is surrendering some political space to combat environmental degradation. How far a young civil society will open up Chinese politics is being keenly watched both within China and beyond.
The political inertia around environmental issues that characterises many regional governments is a major problem. Regional officials believe that as long as they are delivering on economic growth targets without too much local protest, they can expect to be considered for promotion by central government regardless of how polluted and degraded their regions are (Albert and Xu, 2016). Moreover, they often have close ties with the local businesses and factories that cause the pollution and degradation, which further compromises their willingness to act.
Central government has tried a range of strategies to encourage local officials to take environmental pollution more seriously, including revoking honorary titles, ruining career prospects, and naming and shaming offenders. However, many officials remain resistant to change (Graham-Harrison, 2008). More recently, central government has been encouraging more public participation in environmental management decision-making through the use of, for example, citizen juries (regarding the site of waste facilities) and so-called ‘green assessment’ techniques for citizen participation. Grano (2016) cites the use of the latter in resolving a tree-felling dispute in Nanjing where citizen participation actually distracted public opposition to the tree-felling possibly because citizens held a diverse array of views as to why trees should be saved. Central government has also tried to punish polluting companies by banning them from listing on the stock market, suspending their operations or shutting them down.
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Essay on Flood !
Essay on flood in hindi
Hello friends, are you searching for an Essay on flood? So, this article will be quite valuable to you. In this post, we will read about how to write an essay on flood with headings, let's start-
One of the most dangerous natural calamities is flood. It occurs when excessive water accumulates in an area. It is usually caused by heavy rainfall. India is highly prone to floods. There are many areas in the country which face this natural disaster due to the overflow of rivers.
Apart from this, it is also caused due to the melting of ice. Another reason for the flood is the broken dam. If we look at the coastal areas, storms and tsunamis are considered responsible for floods.
Flood damages the living conditions and recovery from this disaster takes a lot of time. Therefore, the consequences of floods should be known and steps should be taken to prevent it.
Effects of flood:
• Flood disrupts the day-to-day functioning of the affected area. Severe floods sometimes cause mass destruction. Floods take the lives of many people and animals. Floods also give rise to diseases. The stagnant water attracts mosquitoes which cause malaria, dengue and other diseases.
• People also have to face power cuts due to the danger of electrocution. They also have to face the costly expenses of daily use items.. As the supply of food and commodities becomes limited, prices naturally rise. This causes a lot of trouble to the common man.
• Most importantly, the entire country may face economic losses. A huge amount of necessary resources are needed to save the people and deal with this disaster. In addition, citizens lose their homes and cars for which they worked all their lives.
• Floods also affect the environment. This leads to soil erosion and also leads to poor soil quality. we lose fertile soil.
• Floods also damage flora and fauna. They damage crops and displace trees. So, measures should be taken to avoid these dire consequences.
Flood protection measures:
Government and citizens should work together to find ways to prevent floods. Appropriate awareness should be spread about the steps to be taken in case of floods. An alert system should be set up so that people get enough time to protect themselves. Also in high flood prone areas, there should be tall buildings above the flood level
In addition, there should be an efficient system for storing excessive water due to rain. This will prevent water overflow. One of the foremost important steps is to strengthen the drainage system. This will avoid water logging, thereby preventing flood.
Also, the dams should be constructed firmly. The use of cheap material breaks dams. The government should ensure that the construction of dams is of quality to prevent flood.
Read more:
We cannot stop natural causes like rain and melting of glaciers. However, we can prevent man-made causes like rupture of dams, poor drainage systems, installing warning systems and many more.
We should take inspiration from countries like Singapore, America. Where floods are never experienced despite heavy rainfall for most of the year.
In short-
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Haiti marchers demand president’s ouster
Photo: Franz Etienne
Photo: Franz Etienne
President Michel Martelly of Haiti was chosen by the United States and has been maintained in power by the United Nations’ military occupation, which is called Minustah.
Thousands of people came out in Port-au-Prince on April 15 to say that the time has come for Martelly to turn in the keys to his office and leave.
The day before, there were protests in front of the U.N.’s headquarters, and the day after, peasants on the Haitian island of Ile à Vache protested the government seizing their land for tourism.
Martelly admitted the first week of April that the Haitian state had run out of money. While his ministers claimed that it was spent creating jobs and providing food and shelter for the homeless, people in the streets told progressive journalists that they had not seen any signs of such programs. They suspect that most of the money went into politicians’ pockets. (Haïti-Liberté, April 16-22)
Thousands of Haitians leave the country every month, risking their lives at sea for the hope of a better future.
Cholera, introduced to Haiti by Minustah, is still raging. More than 8,500 Haitians have died from it and over 690,000 have been sickened. This is not just a human tragedy; it is also a huge economic drain. Haiti has more cases of cholera than all of Africa, which has 100 times more people.
Over 300,000 people in Port-au-Prince are still living in tents, a situation resulting from the earthquake four years ago, even though tens of billions of dollars of aid were offered to Haiti following that catastrophe.
The protesters on April 15 tried to reach the ruins of the presidential palace — destroyed by the earthquake — but were driven back by squads of anti-riot cops firing live ammunition into the air and clouds of teargas.
The Patriotic Movement of Democratic Opposition (MOPOD) and the Patriotic Force for the Respect of the Constitution (FOPARC) called the protest. Further demonstrations are scheduled for April 26 and in May.
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Chandragiri Fort
After the umpteenth darshana at the many temples in and around Tirupati, one could do with a change of scene.
After the umpteenth darshana at the many temples in and around Tirupati, one could do with a change of scene. And that is where Chandragiri comes in. Visitors to Tirupati often make a stopover at Chandragiri and perhaps, that is why it is the most visited fort in Andhra Pradesh, and also the most 'developed' there are facilities like toilets, drinking water, sign posts, information boards and paved walkways and some of the major structures inside have been restored.
Spread over an area of 25 acres, the citadel is divided into two parts- the Lower and the Upper Fort. The Lower Fort stretches out along plains to the south of a hill. It is roughly crescent in shape and hence the name Chandragiri (meaning 'hill of the moon'). There are two well-preserved structures here, Raja Mahal and Rani Mahal.
The Raja Mahal, the larger of the two, is a three-storeyed building built of stone and mortar and plastered with stucco decorations. It is crowned with pyramidal towers akin to the shikhara of temples-there is a large central tower and smaller ones at the periphery. A museum was established in the Raja Mahal in 1988-89.It has a collection of armoury, sculptures,coins and documents amassed from excavations in and around the fort as well as information on places of historical importance of Andhra Pradesh.
Close to the Raja Mahal is the Rani Mahal, a two storeyed edifice whose ground floor was probably a stable and the first floor living quarters. An inscription in the building suggests that it was the commander's residence. Overzealous restoration work has given a rather pink hue to both the buildings. Opposite the Raja Mahal, there is a reservoir at the foot of the hill,where there used to be boating facilities. There are many more structures within the fort-ruins of temples, mandapas and tanks.
In the Upper Fort, located on top of the hill, you can see the ramparts, built with cyclopean masonry, a few watch towers and bastions with arched parapets. Most tourists avoid the strenuous climb to the top, but it is worth a visit for the historical ruins and wonderful views of the surrounding terrain.
Tickets: Indians Rs.15; Foreigners Rs.100
Sound and Light Show Entry Adults Rs.45; Children Rs.35
Timings March-October 7.00pm (Telugu) & 8.00pm (English)
November-February 6.30pm (Telugu)7.30pm (English)
The fortification is thought to have been established in 1000 CE by Immadi Narasinga Yadavaraya who ruled from Narayanavanam.After three centuries of Yadavaraya rule, the Vijayanagara dynasty conquered it in 1376.Following a defeat in the Battle of Talikota(1565),they shifted their capital from Hampi to Chandragiri, after which the fort gained prominence,It passed into the hands of the Sultan of Golconda in 1646 and Hyder Ali in 1782, who incorporated it into the Mysore Kingdom.
How to Reach
Tirupati Airport is the nearest to Chandragiri Fort.
Chandragiri is well connected to other major cities of the country
Chandragiri Fort has regular buses to from other major cities of the country.
Best time to visit
1. jan
2. feb
3. mar
4. apr
5. may
6. jun
7. jul
8. aug
9. sep
10. oct
11. nov
12. dec
Timings: 10.00am-5.00pm
"One can pay a visit to this place at any time of the year and Closed on Friday".
SV Museum-The Museum has about 6,000 artefacts and displays, both historical and contemporary, related to the temple.
Silathoranam-One of the few natural arches in Asia, Silathoranam is a unique geological formation that took shape about 1,500 million years ago.
Chakra Theertham-A sacred waterfall next to which there are shrines with idols.
Srivari Padalu-It said that Lord Venkateswara first set his feet on earth at Narayanagiri.
Akasaganga Theertham-On the route from Tirumala to Akasaganga, you will first come across the Gogarbham Dam on your left.
Papavinasam-Papavinasam is where visitors go to wash off their sins (papa-sin,vinasam-destruction).
Govindaraja Swamy Temple-It is one of the largest and most significant temples in the region, built in 1130 CE by Ramanujacharya.
Kapila Theertham-Waterfalls cascading from the Seshachalam Hills to Tirupati, Kapila Theertham is one of the most marvellous.
Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park-Spread over an area of 290 hectares in the Seshachalam foothills has about 500 animals, birds and reptiles.
Tiruchannur-A trip to Tirupati customarily ends at the padmavathi Ammari Temple in Tiruchanur, also known as Alamelumangapuram.
Srikalahasti-Is an important Shaivite pilgrimage centre, which has earned it the moniker of Dakshina Kasi
Talakona Waterfalls-Cascading from a height of 270ft,Talakona is the tallest waterfall in Andhra Pradesh.
Horsley Hills-From atop Horsley Hills, the terrain seems beautiful yet bleak. Dry, rugged hills and stony plains stretch as the eye can see.
Bhuvaraha Swamy Temple-After that,prayers are offered at the Bhuvaraha Swamy Temple before heading to the Venkateswara Temple.
© 2019 AP Tourism Authority
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Current floating point (ANSI C float, double) allow to represent an approximation of a real number.
Is there any way to represent real numbers without errors?
Here's an idea I had, which is anything but perfect.
For example, 1/3 is 0.33333333...(base 10) or o.01010101...(base 2), but also 0.1(base 3)
Is it a good idea to implement this "structure":
base, mantissa, exponent
so 1/3 could be 3^-1
{[11] = base 3, [1.0] mantissa, [-1] exponent}
Any other ideas?
• 12
$\begingroup$ You will only be able to represent rational numbers this way. $\endgroup$ Jul 12 '14 at 8:36
• $\begingroup$ How do you propose to implement arithmetic operations on numbers in this representation? Using logarithms to change base? This would be much more expensive than IEEE floating-point math. $\endgroup$ Jul 14 '14 at 20:33
• $\begingroup$ Well, I've no idea. I'm not an engineer :) Obviously, I cannot implement it in hardware. A slow, unefficient implementation can be done in C. This would be just an experiment $\endgroup$
– incud
Jul 15 '14 at 6:56
It all depends what you want to do.
For example, what you show is a great way of representing rational numbers. But it still can't represent something like $\pi$ or $e$ perfectly.
In fact, many languages such as Haskell and Scheme have built in support for rational numbers, storing them in the form $\frac{a}{b}$ where $a,b$ are integers.
The main reason that these aren't widely used is performance. Floating point numbers are a bit imprecise, but their operations are implemented in hardware. Your proposed system allows for greater precision, but requires several steps to implement, as opposed to a single operation that can be performed in hardware.
It's known that some real numbers are uncomputable, such as the halting numbers. There is no algorithm enumerating its digits, unlike $\pi$, where we can calculate the $n$th digit as long as we wait long enough.
If you want real precision for things irrational or transcendental numbers, you'd likely need to use some sort of system of symbolic algebra, then get a final answer in symbolic form, which you could approximate to any number of digits. However, because of the undecidability problems outlined above, this approach is necessarily limited. It is still good for things like approximating integrals or infinite series.
• $\begingroup$ May I ask another question? If you had been an Intel engineer in the 80s, how would you have "designed" your real number format? $\endgroup$
– incud
Jul 11 '14 at 21:03
• 3
$\begingroup$ I'm not very qualified to answer that, as I'm not an engineer, I'm a theory researcher. I don't see much wrong with IEEE float and double standards, and now quad. I don't think there have been many applications depending on higher precision arithmetic, and those that do can use a software-supported version. $\endgroup$
– jmite
Jul 11 '14 at 21:06
• $\begingroup$ Symbolic algebra is not the correct formalism for exact real arithmetic. You need a representation which allows arbitrarily large mantissas. $\endgroup$ Jul 12 '14 at 8:37
• 8
$\begingroup$ @AndrejBauer: An arbitrarily large mantissa isn't going to save you if you want an exact representation of $\sqrt 2$. $\endgroup$ Jul 12 '14 at 9:16
• $\begingroup$ @jmite you're too much modest :) $\endgroup$
– incud
Jul 12 '14 at 17:25
There is no way to represent all real numbers without errors if each number is to have a finite representation. There are uncountably many real numbers but only countably many finite strings of 1's and 0's that you could use to represent them with.
• $\begingroup$ One could restrict the requirement from representing every real number to only restricting those real numbers, which could be the output of a turing machine. That would only be a countable number of real numbers, but would still cover every number you would ever want to represent. But I don't think you could do efficient computations with such numbers. $\endgroup$
– kasperd
Jul 11 '14 at 22:30
• 3
$\begingroup$ @kasperd They're called computable reals. Unfortunately, things like equality aren't computable over the computable reals. $\endgroup$ Jul 11 '14 at 22:41
• $\begingroup$ It is indeed quite clear that computing equality on such numbers is equivalent to solving the halting problem. Given a TM one can define a real number, which starts with a lot of decimals that are zero, exactly as many as the running time of the TM, and then followed by a one. Comparing that number to zero is equivalent to solving the halting problem for the original TM. $\endgroup$
– kasperd
Jul 11 '14 at 23:34
• $\begingroup$ This answer is false. Alan Turing in his first paper on machines, the ones in which he invents Turing machines, talks about representing reals as infinite strings of data. This leads to the idea of so-called "Type II Turing machine", and there is a very succesful theory of real-number computation based on the idea. It is also implemented in practice, see my answer. $\endgroup$ Jul 12 '14 at 9:03
• 1
$\begingroup$ Perhaps it does technically, but it misses the point, which is that there are perfectly reasonable infinite representations of real numbers. And that's nothing strange: a TCP/IP connection, or a Skype call, or a video feed from a camera are all examples of (potentially) infinite amount of data. There is no a priori limitation on how much information they can provide. There is only a limitation on how much information you can get out of it in a finite amount of time. $\endgroup$ Jul 12 '14 at 11:31
There are many effective Rational Number implementations but one that has been proposed many times and can even handle some irrationals quite well is Continued Fractions.
Quote from Continued Fractions by Darren C. Collins:
Theorem 5-1. - The continued fraction expression of a real number is finite if and only if the real number is rational.
Quote fromMathworld - Periodic Continued Fractions
... a continued fraction is periodic iff it is a root of a quadratic polynomial.
i.e. all roots can be expressed as periodic continued fractions.
There is also an Exact Continued Fraction for π which surprised m e until @AndrejBauer pointed out that it actually isn't.
• $\begingroup$ Your last sentence is misleading. There is no finite (or periodic) continued fraction for $\pi$. The continued fraction for $\pi$ is infinite and aperiodic. $\endgroup$
– D.W.
Jul 12 '14 at 1:57
• $\begingroup$ Continued fractions representation of reals was proposed as an implementation for exact real arithmetic a while ago by J. Vuillemin. It turns out not to be very efficient as the numbers get pretty big pretty soon, and it's hard to cut down on their size. $\endgroup$ Jul 12 '14 at 9:01
• $\begingroup$ Continued fractions have some computational issues even for representing rational numbers - while they can be compared relatively quickly using a variant of lexicographic order, and while manipulating a single continued fraction is easy, both (binary) addition and multiplication on CFs are fairly complicated operations to implement. $\endgroup$ Jul 13 '14 at 2:54
Your idea does not work because a number represented in base $b$ with mantissa $m$ and exponent $e$ is the rational number $b \cdot m^{-e}$, thus your representation works precisely for rational numbers and no others. You cannot represent $\sqrt{2}$ for instance.
There is a whole branch of computable mathematics which deals with exact real arithmetic. Many data structures for representing exact real numbers have been proposed: streams of digits, streams of affine contractions, Cauchy sequences of rationals, Cauchy sequences of dyadic rationals, Dedekind cuts, sequences of shkrinking intervals, etc. There are implementations of exact real arithmetic based on these ideas, for instance:
Of these iRRAM is the most mature and efficient. Marshall in an experimental project, while the third one is a student project, but also the most easily accessible one. It has a very nice introduction explaining the issues regarding real number computation, I highly recommed that you look at it.
Let me make a remark. Someone will object that an infinite object cannot be represented by a computer. In some sense this is true, but in another it is not. We never ever have to represent an entire real number, we only need a finite approximation at each stage of the computation. Thus, we only need a representation which can represent a real up to any given precision. Of course, once we run out of computer memory we run out of computer memory -- but that is a limitation of the computer, not the representation itself. This situation is no different than many others in programming. For instance, people use integers in Python and they think of them as "arbitrarily large" even though of course they cannot exceed the size of available memory. Sometimes infinity is a useful approximation for a very large finite number.
Furthermore, I often hear the claim that computers can only deal with computable real numbers. This misses two important points. First, computers have access to data from the external world, so we would also have to make (the unverifiable) assumption that the external world is computable as well. Second, we need to distinguish between what reals a computer can compute, and what reals it can represent. For instance, if we choose streams of digits as the representation of reals then it is perfectly possible to represent a non-computable real: if someone gave it to us we would know how to represent it. But if we choose to represent reals as pieces of source code that compute digits, then we could not represent non-computable reals, obviously.
In any case, this topic is best tackled with some further reading.
• $\begingroup$ +1 but I would object that you can't represent an infinite string by a finite approximation without losing precision, as required by the question. Sure, you can get as much precision as you want -- as you could by approximating by a rational -- but that's not quite what the question's asking for. Arguably, that's a problem with the question, rather than the answer. $\endgroup$ Jul 12 '14 at 9:17
• 2
$\begingroup$ The point is that we are not representing with finite strings. We are representing with infinite strings, but we only ever need a finite portion of such an infinite string at each stage of computation. Or to put it another way: there is no loss of precisions, as the data structure holds the entire information, but of course you cannot access or process all of the information at once: the data structure gives you as much precision as you ask for. The bottleneck is not on the side of the data structure, but rather on the side of the "consumer" who want to get the information out of it. $\endgroup$ Jul 12 '14 at 11:25
• $\begingroup$ @AndrejBauer But you must access or process all the information at once in some cases, e.g. this is what symbolic computation does, by capturing the "essence" or nature of a quantity rather than just as any other stream of digits. If you tell a symbolic computation package to verify that $\sqrt{2}^2 = 2$, it would instantly output true. If you used the method you seem to describe, by taking the first $k$ digits of the square root of $2$, for any $k$ you will conclude that $\sqrt{2}^2 \ne 2$ as your result will (for any finite $k$) equal $1.99...$, wrong answer. Computations are finite. $\endgroup$
– Thomas
Jul 12 '14 at 13:50
• 2
$\begingroup$ @Thomas: symbolic computation does not represent real numbers, but usually some subfield of the reals, typically the one generated by elementary functions and roots of polynomials. These subfields are not complete (closed under limits of Cauchy sequences) nor computably complete (closed under computable limits of Cauchy sequences). A representation is not a representation of reals unless you can represent all (computable) reals: and symbolic computations fails this condition. $\endgroup$ Jul 14 '14 at 8:23
• 1
$\begingroup$ These remarks about countability are irrelevant because the computable reals are not computably countable. $\endgroup$ Nov 28 '15 at 17:19
There are a number of "exact real" suggestions in the comments (e.g. continued fractions, linear fractional transformations, etc). The typical catch is that while you can compute answers to a formula, equality is often undecidable.
However, if you're just interested in algebraic numbers, then you're in luck: The theory of real closed fields is complete, o-minimal, and decidable. This was proven by Tarski in 1948.
But there's a catch. You don't want to use Tarski's algorithm, since it's in the complexity class NONELEMENTARY, which is as impractical as impractical algorithms can get. There are more recent methods which get the complexity down to DEXP, which is the best we currently know.
Note that the problem is NP-hard because it includes SAT. However, it's not known (or believed) to be in NP.
EDIT I'm going to try to explain this a little more.
The framework for understanding all of this is a decision problem known as Satisfiability Modulo Theories, or SMT for short. Basically, we want to solve SAT for a theory built on top of classical logic.
So we start with first order classical logic with an equality test. Which function symbols we want to include and what their axioms are determine whether or not the theory is decidable.
There are lots of interesting theories expressed in the SMT framework. For example, there are theories of data structures (e.g. lists, binary trees, etc) which are used to help prove programs correct, and the theory of Euclidean geometry. But for our purpose, we're looking at theories of different kinds of number.
Presburger arithmetic is the theory of natural numbers with addition. This theory is decidable.
Peano arithmetic is the theory of natural numbers with addition and multiplication. This theory is not decidable, as famously proven by Gödel.
Tarski arithmetic is the theory of the real numbers with all field operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division). Interestingly, this theory is decidable. This was a highly counter-intuitive result at the time. You might assume that because it's a "superset" of the natural numbers it's "harder", but this isn't the case; compare linear programming over the rationals with linear programming over the integers, for example.
It may not seem obvious that satisfiabilty is all you need, but it is. For example, if you want to test whether or not the positive square root of 2 is equal to the real cube root of 3, you can express this as the satisfiability problem:
$$\exists x. x>0 \wedge x^2 - 2 = 0 \wedge x^3 - 3 = 0$$
So then there's the question as to what other operations you can add to Tarski arithmetic and still keep decidability. The next obvious things to add are elementary transcendental operations like $e^x$, and the trigonometric functions.
It turns out that the theory of reals with $\sin$ is undecidable, because $\{ \frac{x}{\pi} | \sin x = 0 \}$ is the integers. Given the reals and $\sin$, you can construct the theory of integers, and the theory of integers is undecidable.
Tarski conjectured that real fields plus $e^x$ is undecidable. I don't know if anyone has proven that it isn't decidable, but I know that nobdody has yet proven that it is decidable. He believed that the reason why this is likely is because of what happens in the complex plane; if you have $e^{ix}$, then you automatically have trigonometry.
Alfred Tarski (1948), A Decision Method for Elementary Algebra and Geometry.
There is no way to represent a real number since they cannot really be represented in the real world. We can give approximations of them, arbitrary symbols for them like $\pi$, or ways to get them like $\sqrt2$, but there actual value can never be truly represented. You would have to start dealing with them purely symbolically and hope they factor out. However even them, there is no way to account for all of them since as David said, there is not enough strings to give these symbolic representations.
• $\begingroup$ This answer is false. There is a whole area of exact real arithmetic which explains how to represent reals by computers. The assumption that a real must be represented by a finite string is mistaken. We can also use infinite strings. Already Alan Turing wrote about this in his first paper, the one where he invented Turing machines! $\endgroup$ Jul 12 '14 at 8:59
• $\begingroup$ Can you link to a paper about how to store and manipulate infinate strings in an actual computer, because that would be the answer to what the question asked. Also it wasnt his first paper, first publication was 1936, that paper was 1937. $\endgroup$
– lPlant
Jul 12 '14 at 17:42
• $\begingroup$ You're right it's the 1937 paper. To see how infinite strings are manipulated, you can look at the TCP/IP protocol, for instance. I never said the whole real must be stored in the computer. $\endgroup$ Jul 14 '14 at 8:24
It's possible to represent a very large class of numbers called algebraic numbers exactly, by treating them as roots of polynomials.
This article as well as this mathoverflow question have more information, as well as many more resources about this topic. As far as I know, this method still fails to represent transcendental numbers such as $\pi$ or $e$, unless some generalization of it has been discovered. There are many other issues with this method, such as additional solutions to simple addition appearing out of "nowhere" (also known as the complex plane). It's a tradeoff, use your good judgement to tell if it's useful for you.
• $\begingroup$ Tarski conjectured (and I haven't seen anything in the last 60 years which either agreed or disagreed with it) that closed real fields with $e$ is undecidable, because of what happens in the complex plane. Once you have $e^{ix}$, you have $\sin$ and $\cos$, and $\{ x \in \mathbb{R} | \sin x = 0 \}$ constructs something that's close enough to the integers that it's undecidable (per Gödel). $\endgroup$
– Pseudonym
Jul 13 '14 at 8:29
• $\begingroup$ @Pseudonym This seems really interesting, but I don't think I have the mathematical background to understand it properly... What do you mean by "close enough to the integers"? $\endgroup$
– More Axes
Jul 13 '14 at 8:35
• $\begingroup$ I'm going to amend my answer to explain. $\endgroup$
– Pseudonym
Jul 13 '14 at 22:02
You cannot represent all real numbers in a computer, but you can represent many. You could use fractions which would represent more numbers than floats. You could also do more sophisticated things like representing numbers as a root of some polynomial with an approximation that under newtons method will converge to the number.
• $\begingroup$ This again is a false answer, produced out of ignorance. There is a whole area of exact real arithmetic which studies how to represent all reals by suitable data structures. $\endgroup$ Jul 12 '14 at 11:26
• $\begingroup$ @AndrejBauer So you are suggesting there is a data structure that can represent any real number? Any such data structure would have to use an uncountable infinite amount of bits to represent any number. $\endgroup$
– Alice Ryhl
Jul 12 '14 at 11:48
• 1
$\begingroup$ A countable amount of bits suffices, first of all, and since you don't need all of them at once, nor are you able to process them all at once, they can be stored in time as well as space. $\endgroup$ Jul 12 '14 at 11:50
• $\begingroup$ @AndrejBauer This answer is correct, and saying the same thing as yours, albeit with a lot less information. You cannot represent all real numbers in a computer. You can represent any real number, but not all at once. If anything, I would dispute that you can represent “many”, since you can only represent finitely many in any given computer, and only almost none (in the mathematical sense) in an abstract computer that is equivalent to the usual computation models (Turing machine equivalent). $\endgroup$ Jul 12 '14 at 16:12
It is possible to represent any number precisely where the inputs are representable by storing them as a string of operations so, for example, you store 1/3 as 1 divided by 3, by handling cancelling of operations you can simplify the next operation to give an exact answer for (1/3) * 3. This can also handle situations where you have known irrationals such as π by retaining it in your calculations.
However, it requires an increasing amount of memory for each number and - assuming your simplifier isn't perfect - it'll probably require an ever increasing amount for values you're working on a lot.
• $\begingroup$ It's extremely unclear that you always know when or how to cancel operations. It's not always as easy as "1/3 * 3 = 1", e.g. $\sqrt{5 + 2\sqrt{6}} - \sqrt{2} = \sqrt{3}$. $\endgroup$ Jul 13 '14 at 22:04
• $\begingroup$ Indeed. In fact, it's probably effectively impossible to automate completely successfully. However, the result remains precise even if you've not used the simplest possible representation. $\endgroup$ Jul 14 '14 at 7:58
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Father’s Ghost Visits The Castle
Father’s Ghost Visits The Castle
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When his father’s ghost visits the castle, Hamlet’s suspicions are confirmed.
The Ghost complains that he is unable to rest in peace because he was murdered. Claudius, says the Ghost, poured poison in King Hamlet’s ear while the old king napped. Unable to confess and find salvation, King Hamlet is now consigned, for a time, to spend his days in Purgatory and walk the earth by night.
He entreats Hamlet to avenge his death, but to spare Gertrude, to let Heaven decide her fate.Hamlet vows to affect madness puts “an antic disposition on”?to wear a mask that will enable him to observe the interactions in the castle, but finds himself more confused than ever. In his persistent confusion, he questions the Ghost’s trustworthiness. What if the Ghost is not a true spirit, but rather an agent of the devil sent to tempt him? What if killing Claudius results in Hamlet’s having to relive his memories for all eternity? Hamlet agonizes over what he perceives as his cowardice because he cannot stop himself from thinking. Words immobilize Hamlet, but the world he lives in prizes action.In order to test the Ghost’s sincerity, Hamlet enlists the help of a troupe of players who perform a play called The Murder of Gonzago to which Hamlet has added scenes that recreate the murder the Ghost described. Hamlet calls the revised play The Mousetrap, and the ploy proves a success.
As Hamlet had hoped, Claudius’ reaction to the staged murder reveals the King to be conscience-stricken. Claudius leaves the room because he cannot breathe, and his vision is dimmed for want of light. Convinced now that Claudius is a villain, Hamlet resolves to kill him. But, as Hamlet observes, “conscience doth make cowards of us all.”In his continued reluctance to dispatch Claudius, Hamlet actually causes six ancillary deaths. The first death belongs to Polonius, whom Hamlet stabs through a wallhanging as the old man spies on Hamlet and Gertrude in the Queen’s private chamber. Claudius punishes Hamlet for Polonius’ death by exiling him to England.
He has brought Hamlet’s school chums Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to Denmark from Germany to spy on his nephew, and now he instructs them to deliver Hamlet into the English king’s hands for execution. Hamlet discovers the plot and arranges for the hanging of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern instead. Ophelia, distraught over her father’s death and Hamlet’s behavior, drowns while singing sad love songs bemoaning the fate of a spurned lover. Her brother, Laertes, falls next.Laertes, returned to Denmark from France to avenge his father’s death, witnesses Ophelia’s descent into madness. After her funeral, where he and Hamlet come to blows over which of them loved Ophelia best, Laertes vows to punish Hamlet for her death as well.Unencumbered by words, Laertes plots with Claudius to kill Hamlet.
Before he dies, Laertes tells Hamlet that because Hamlet has already been cut with the same sword, he too will shortly die. Horatio diverts Hamlet’s attention from Laertes for a moment by pointing out that “The Queen falls.”Gertrude, believing that Hamlet’s hitting Laertes means her son is winning the fencing match, has drunk a toast to her son from the poisoned cup Claudius had intended for Hamlet. The Queen dies.
As Laertes lies dying, he confesses to Hamlet his part in the plot and explains that Gertrude’s death lies on Claudius’ head. Finally enraged, Hamlet stabs Claudius with the poisoned sword and then pours the last of the poisoned wine down the King’s throat. Before he dies, Hamlet declares that the throne should now pass to Prince Fortinbras of Norway, and he implores his true friend Horatio to accurately explain the events that have led to the bloodbath at Elsinore.
With his last breath, he releases himself from the prison of his words: “The rest is silence.”The play ends as Prince Fortinbras, in his first act as King of Denmark, orders a funeral with full military honors for slain Prince Hamlet.
Gene Jeremiah
Author: Gene Jeremiah
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How do you attach banana peels to potted plants?
The easiest way is to simply lay the peels on top of the soil about 2 to 3 inches from the plant’s stem. You can kick-start the fertilization with new plants by laying banana peels at the bottom of the hole you created in the potting soil as you add the plant to the pot.
Can I put banana peels in potted plants?
You can actually use banana peels to fertilize your houseplants! Banana peels contain potassium as well as nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium, which are all important for healthy plant growth. … To make a liquid fertilizer, soak your banana peels in water for several days and then pour the water on your houseplants.
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What plants benefit from dried banana peels?
Corn Trees, Ivy and Other Houseplants
INTERESTING: Can a mole become irritated?
How often should I water my plants with banana water?
To Apply: Apply this fertilizer tea diluted (one part tea to ten parts water) as often as once a week. Water around the base of your plants with a watering can or spray it onto your plants as a foliar (leaf) feed.
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Definition of Citizen:
1. A person who is entitled by the state to enjoy all the legal rights and privileges residing in his constituency and who is bound to abide by its law and fulfill his obligations or duties. Also called national. See also Residence and Residence.
2. Legally recognized subject or citizen, native or natural person of a country or community.
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Pigeon Genetics Wiki
There are three basic colours known to exist in pigeons. These basic colours are sex linked in their inheritance pattern. The three basic colours are Ash-red, blue and brown.
The colour series locus is denoted by the symbol B and the alleles are symbolised as follows:
Allele Symbol
Ash-red BA
Blue (wild type) b+
Brown b
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Your question: Do dermatologists recommend dry brushing?
What do dermatologists say about dry brushing?
Dry brushing is an effective physical exfoliator. “Gently brushing the skin is a form of physical exfoliation, meaning it can slough away dead skin, leaving it smoother,” Melissa Kanchanapoomi Levin, M.D., NYC dermatologist and founder of Entière Dermatology, tells SELF.
Do doctors recommend dry brushing?
Why Dry brushing is bad?
In fact, dry brushing can irritate anyone’s skin if overdone. Dry brushing works to exfoliate, but that means that it can also dry out your skin and even do superficial damage to the epidermis, your top layer of skin.
Does dry brushing help age spots?
It all comes back to the exfoliation. Dry brushing removes dead skin cells, which allows reveals new skin underneath and helps even out dark spots, experts say. “It also increases circulation in the skin which will give it a glow,” said Kim.
IT\'S FUNNING: You asked: Can you put sunscreen on a buzz cut?
Does dry brushing decrease inflammation?
Some say it also helps with lymphatic draining.
“Some people find that it helps de-puff the skin as it can help with lymphatic draining,” says board-certified dermatologist, Dr. Howard Sobel. “Manual exfoliation helps to reduce inflammation,” adds board-certified dermatologist Dr. Dendy Engelman.
Why do you have to dry brush towards the heart?
Dry brushing has numerous proven benefits, from increasing circulation to improving the skin’s appearance by stimulating cell renewal. … The theory behind brushing toward the heart is that by making long, sweeping strokes in the direction of the heart, you are working with the body’s lymph flow.
Does dry brushing help with belly fat?
Absolutely. While it doesn’t reduce cellulite or redistribute fat cells more evenly, dry brushing can help: exfoliate your skin, removing dry and dead skin cells. stimulate circulation.
Is dry brushing good for scars?
Avoid dry brushing if you have open wounds, sensitive skin, cystic acne, or scaly pink rashes (such as psoriasis or eczema), since it could worsen inflammation, compromise the skin’s barrier, contribute to fine cuts or breaks, or even scarring.
Do you dry brush your armpits?
The underarm area contains as many as 40 lymph nodes, which work to drain excess toxins. … Dry brushing gets all that aluminum residue out of your pores; to do it, just move in downward strokes from the armpit toward the breast.
Do you need to shower immediately after dry brushing?
Do I have to shower after dry body brushing? No, you don’t have to shower after dry body brushing unless you’d like to, so you can do it any time of day. That said, it’s likely easiest to incorporate into your routine before a shower or bath, or when you’re changing in the morning or evening.
IT\'S FUNNING: How often should you get chemical peels to see results?
Does dry brushing work for lymphatic drainage?
Benefits of dry brushing
Is dry brushing good for Crepey skin?
Dry Brush
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An Entomologist's Garden
SERIES 19 | Episode 31
Sybil Curtis is an entomologist and wildlife enthusiast. To bring the creatures she loves close to her, she has made her garden as attractive as she can to them, and amazingly, she has done it not far from the city.
Sybil likes to encourage all members of the food chain to her garden including insects, which are pretty close to the bottom of the chain. She is particularly fond of caterpillars, that "turn really indigestible leaves into bite size parcels of fat and protein and they're just gobbled up by everything - certainly all your lizards and frogs and those things that are living on the ground eating insects and other invertebrates."
Noticeable in the garden is the apparent untidiness. But Sybil explains there are good reasons for this. "It's really to provide habitat for invertebrates, but mostly it provides shelter for things like lizards. There are logs and bits of old farm equipment."
The scrub turkeys seem to love the garden too, but Sybil needs to use palm fronds to curb their enthusiasm for scratching. "You need to keep them fairly long and I use tent pegs for anchoring them down. The turkeys get really frustrated with the palm frond. They can scratch at it and it springs back again."
Not all visiting creatures are so destructive and Sybil and Jerry come across a Burton's legless lizard. Sybil loves it. "Oh, it's beautiful. Poor thing has no legs and often gets mistaken for a snake and suffers the fate of many snakes in Australia. But it's a harmless little creature that just feeds on insects in the leaf litter."
Jerry thinks the garden is terrific. "What I love about this garden is that it's great for kids. It's a natural classroom. It's also an ideal solution for a busy gardener. So what if it isn't manicured? This garden is working. And it's working for nature."
They admire some of the plants in Sybil's garden:
• Senna spp. Little yellow flowers are attractive to bees and nectar animals. Followed by big pods filled with seeds.
• Acacia macradenia Zig zag wattle. The flowers are highly attractive to insects and so you'll get birds moving in after the insects. After the flowers there are nutritious seeds, which will attract the rosellas.
Jerry notes that "water and wildlife go together" and Sybil talks about the water features in her garden. "I have little ponds scattered all round the place. Just old tubs sunk into the ground and I keep them stocked with fish to keep the mosquitoes down, but other animals turn up, including lovely, big tadpoles. There are some shrimps in there as well, some dragonfly larvae, and of course there are snails."
Sybil's advice for encouraging more of the animal world into a garden:
• Have a diversity of plants because Australian native animals will be eating Australian native plants.
• Include areas that are quite dense because safe shelter is important.
• Don't use any chemicals.
• Celebrate chewed leaves because if you don't have chewed leaves, you don't have insects in your garden and all the diversity that comes with them.
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Solid State Drives (SSDs)
Ever wonder why your phone or tablet responds faster than your computer? It’s because these devices have their programs and data stored and run on flash memory. Solid state drives (SSDs) are flash memory devices able to replace a Hard Disk Drive (HDD). A HDD is computer storage device containing magnetic disks or platters rotating at high speeds able to read and write data. Because of the mechanical access to the platter, it takes time to access and read and write the data and requires electrical power to rotate the discs and move the heads across the discs surface.
A SSD designed with no moving parts, this means SSDs improve battery life. They’re more reliable, durable, and can improve overall computer performance.
If you only have HDD storage in your PC or Laptop, and you are finding that it is slow and you are wasting time waiting for things to occur, then an SSD drive replacement may help. On a standard HDD, Windows will take longer to boot up, applications will take longer to load, and files will take longer to open and save.
The beauty of an SSD is that this waiting time is dramatically reduced, even on cheaper drives, when compared to HDD. Anything you load on it will perform actions much quicker.
One of the best uses for an SSD in a Laptop or PC is as the Boot Drive. This means installing and replacing the disc which your Windows 10 operating system uses to boot up with an SSD. By doing this, your PC or laptop will boot up and be ready to go in a flash. We also suggest having your most frequently used software and system cache on there for a similar effect.
We can install an SSD in most PCs and Laptops but would suggest an existing i3 processor with Windows 10 as a minimum base to ensure future longevity.
Prices start from £125.00 installed and included VAT.
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Acrostic Poems: All About Me Personally and My Personal Favorite Things
Acrostic Poems: All About Me Personally and My Personal Favorite Things
find words that start out with the letters in their own personal names, making use of a number of sources word that is including and online dictionaries.
produce two acrostic poems.
revise poems as required, for meaning and conventions.
share their poems with classmates.
• complete a reflective self-assessment.
• Session One: Introduction and Modeling with Teacher Title
1. Get ready for the session by loading the Little Explorers Picture Dictionary on computer systems.
Show the letter/word matrix and blank chart paper side-by-side for a flat working surface.
Browse and show some acrostic poems to pupils, utilizing the examples which you have actually plumped for through the Resources part or even the booklist.
Gather students and explain that they’ll assist you to write a poem with the letters in your title, and also you require them that will help you think about some terms.
On chart paper, compose your very own first title vertically down the left part, to ensure that each page could possibly be the very very first page associated with the very very first term of just one line. Make sure to do that while watching pupils (instead of ahead of time), so the format that is starting be modeled for the pupils.
Have pupils browse the letters aloud, beginning at the very top.
Then compose your title and also the verb “is” at the top line, utilising the very first page. For example, I would personally compose, “Renee is.”
Ask pupils to recommend some terms which start out with the letter that is next which could explain you.
Write all appropriate suggested statements on the letter/word matrix and explain that the chart will be a term bank the entire course can make use of.
If no-one can show up with a suitable word, make reference to the web dictionary for a few tips. Show pupils how to locate lists of terms by hitting a page.
Select a minumum of one term from the online dictionary and have student include it towards the matrix.
When you’ve got a few feasible words, choose one and finish a expression or phrase, writing it straight down and achieving students read it to you.
Continue the procedure with all the current letters of one’s title. My instance:
Renee is
Never bored,
Extremely helpful
Extra type.
As soon as the poem is complete, have actually pupils read it aloud together then explore it. Does it seem sensible? Do a picture is got by you of the individual by reading the poem? Did we utilize complete sentences or simply content? Can there be any such thing we have to alter?
If modifications are recommended, speak about them and alter some expressed terms if desired.
• Keep the poem exhibited in the wall surface.
• Session Two: Pupils Write their name Acrostic that is own Poems
1. Prior to starting, review the big chart paper matrix.
Have actually students recommend more terms for the matrix, and particularly for just about any spaces that are blank. Make an effort to have at the very least two terms in each room.
Have pupils start with composing their names in money letters down the remaining part of a sheet of paper, then to start their poem by finishing their title and adding “is” to your top line.
Invite them to aid each other find terms they need that begin using the letters of these names, and also to make use of those terms in expressions.
Have adult helpers help pupils as required, if they’re available.
As students work, ask them to incorporate any especially interesting terms to the matrix for other people to make use of, too. Remember that they can be doing another acrostic poem about one thing they like, therefore including a few of these pictures within their title poems could be especially good.
As pupils complete their poems, have them informally share with each other. Dealing with pairs or little categories of students, ask them to offer one another recommendations. Inspire students to rewrite their poems on clean paper if they have done a complete great deal of erasing. Whenever all learning pupils are completed, have actually volunteers read their poems aloud towards the team.
• Gather the poems and have them for later on use.
• Session Three: Students Write a 2nd acrostic Poem
1. Post a blank little bit of chart paper towards the right of the title poem.
Gather students and explain they are likely to compose another acrostic poem, this time around about something which is essential for them.
Ask students to inform about some plain items that are essential in their mind. Recommendations could be a animal, a well liked individual, a favorite meals, and so on.
Quickly review the method with pupils and provide directions by selecting a thing that is a popular of yours and composing that word down the remaining region of the chart paper.
Then compose the expressed term in addition to verb “is” (or “are” if appropriate). For example, you may compose “Hedwig is” or “Cookies are.”
Have actually a websites that help you write essays student suggest words when it comes to line that is second. It is not essential to finish this entire poem, since pupils have been through the method.
Have actually students choose whatever they will write on before they have a sheet of paper to start.
Inquire further to write the phrase down the side that is left of paper and show it for your requirements before they start composing their poem. As of this point, you can examine the spelling.
• Much like the poem that is first invite pupils to aid each other, make use of an adult helper for additional help, encourage pupils to fairly share their completed drafts with one another, and invite students to create a clean content if required.
• Session Four: Preliminary Sharing and Revising
1. Tell students which they shall operate in groups to see one another’s poems. Explain which they shall trade poems with one another, read each other’s poems, and present one another recommendations for alternative terms and alterations in spelling and/or capitalization.
Be sure they realize that they need to read most of the poems within their group, making sure that everybody else will get plenty of suggestions which help.
Aim off to pupils that recommendations are optional, and that it is an occasion to test various some ideas, to have assistance with spelling, and also to complete their poems up before they generate a unique, clean content for publishing.
Arrange pupils in heterogeneous teams, with four to a bunch. While they work, circulate on the list of teams to listen in, giving advice and >back to top
Session Five: Publish and Perform
1. Before beginning, move your name acrostic poem along with your favorite thing poem to blank copy paper that is white. Fold a sheet of construction paper by 50 percent and glue one poem to every region of the within the paper that is folded.
Gather pupils together. Demonstrate to them your test illustrated poems installed on construction paper.
Reveal to pupils that you will provide them with both of their poems, and they is going to do three things:
1. trace throughout the terms having a fine-tipped marker or pencil that is colored
2. illustrate their poems
3. install their poems on construction paper
• Have students produce a “mother” or “father” acrostic poem for Mother’s Day or Father’s Day.
Have actually students create vacation poems that are acrostic.
Make use of the Acrostic Poem interactive to write your poems. The Acrostic Poem Tool enables students to key in a word, create an Acrostic Poem, and then print down their writing.
Or, make use of the ReadWriteThink Printing Press interactive to write your poems. The flyer templates is wonderful for specific poems. Pupils might utilize the booklet template to produce an accumulation of acrostics.
Have actually pupils set down and write poems that are acrostic one another.
• If pupils have older class “buddies,” ask them to compose an acrostic about their buddies.
Monitor pupil progress throughout the training so that as pupils work individually through anecdotal kidwatching and notetaking. Pupils can finish the concerns from the Acrostic Poetry Reflection Checklist written down or during a course conversation utilizing one copy that is enlarged pupil reflections are collected.
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Nutrition advice targeted at kids can help parents improve their own dietary choices.
parents and children eating habits match
Credit: yulkapopkova / Getty Images
Parents who manage their children's diets, restricting their saturated fat intake and focusing on foods rich in healthful, unsaturated, eat better than parents who don't monitor what their children eat, a new study published last week shows. While that may not sound like much of a surprise, consider this: not only do those parents eat better foods, but they benefit from those smart, healthy choices too. Here's how.
The study, dubbed the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project, was conducted in two parts over the course of 20 years. More than 1,100 infants and their parents from Finland were chosen between 1989 and 1992 to participate. Split into two groups, half of the children and parents received nutritional counseling focused on getting the children to eat fewer saturated fats and more unsaturated fats, while the other half were left to their own devices and were given no nutritional advice.
The first part of the study found that children who'd received dietary counseling—which was conducted at least once a year for about 12 years—had decreased their saturated fat intake and improved their cardiovascular health. So in the second part of the study, the researchers looked at the parents of those children. They'd also sat through dietary counseling—but the advice was focused on getting their kids to eat better foods. Did the parents also take the advice and find a way to make it work?
In studying the parents' food journals, which they were required to keep over the course of the 20-year-long study, the researchers found the parents were also eating better, and their health was improved because of their positive choices. According to the study, those parents consumed significantly more polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, and significantly less saturated fat compared to parents who had not counseled their kids to do the same. Those mothers also decreased their serum totals and LDL concentrations—but not in a statistically significant way.
"The child-oriented dietary intervention contributed advantageously to the parental diet in the long-term and tended to reflect lipid concentrations," Johanna Jaakkola, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Turku and lead researcher, said. That's because, she explained, "presumably, all family members eat the same foods and thus child-oriented dietary counseling also affects parents' diets."
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Here’s Some Advice On Eating Cicadas From A Top Nutritionist
Sara Tabin
You may have heard that the trillions of cicadas emerging from beneath the ground this year as part of Brood X are edible.
If you’re interested in the idea of eating them but aren’t sure where to start, we have you covered with cicada-consuming advice from Jessica Fanzo, the director of Johns Hopkins’ Global Food Ethics and Policy Program. Fanzo has tried the cicadas herself and she says they are both nutritious and delicious.
Ew. Why should anyone consider eating cicadas?
Fanzo, who holds a Ph.D. in nutrition, said the trillions of cicadas emerging this year could be a good source of alternate, sustainable protein.
Although no one has done a nutritional composition of the cicadas, the nutritional composition is probably similar to other insects which are low in calories but high in protein and iron, said Fanzo. She said insects are more sustainable than larger animals like cows or pork.
If that’s true, why don’t more people eat bugs?
Insects might not be plentiful on menus in the United States, but they are a common part of many cultures’ cuisines, said Fanzo. She said there has been an increase in the popularity of insect powder that is mixed into protein powder or baked into chips in the US.
“What you see less of is people eating whole insects,” she said.
What do the cicadas taste like?
They have a unique flavor that can vary depending on location, said Fanzo. She said she thinks they are buttery with a nutty flavor.
“They're good, they're really good,” she said.
Okay. What should I do if I want to try eating cicadas?
Start by finding them when they are still soft and grub-like, before they have fully developed their exoskeleton, said Fanzo.
Douglas Pfeiffer, an entomologist at Virginia Tech, said it only takes a few hours for cicadas to start to “harden up” after they emerge in their callow state. He advised picking them off tree trunks early in the morning.
Fanzo said she collected the soft-shelled cicadas in a ziplock bag and then put them in her freezer to kill them humanely. After they were dead, she boiled them for a few minutes to clean them off.
How you cook them after they are dead and cleaned is up to you. If you roast them with oil and salt they taste like a crunchy nut, Fanzo said. She has also fried them in a pan with sesame oil.
“They're kind of like little shrimp once you get over the ‘what am I eating factor,’” she said.
How long do I have to try the cicadas?
Cicadas should keep coming out until early June, according to University of Maryland entomology Michael Raupp.
If you decide you want to eat cicadas for more than another week or two, you can collect extra and freeze them, said Fanzo.
Will eating cicadas hurt the survival of the species overall?
Scientists say it is doubtful.
“I think it would take a real concerted effort to reduce the population,” said Pfeiffer. “The evolutionary approach that periodical cicadas use to minimize the impact of predation is predator satiation. But coming out all at once, predators are overwhelmed and can't put a dent in their population. You could collect a lot without reducing the general population.”
He said some smaller cicada broods appear to have gone extinct, but not necessarily because they were eaten. There were originally about 30 broods, but now there are 15. A potential threat to cicadas comes from increasing urbanization, which might leave them with less habitat and less tree roots from which to feed.
Raupp also said he doesn’t think enough humans will eat the cicadas to make an impact on their population.
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South Koreans prepare to release balloons filled with chocolate pies and cookies over to North Korea.
Last week, North Korea got a sweet surprise from its neighbor, South Korea. About 200 South Koreans along with North Korean defectors packed 770 pounds of Choco Pies into plastic bags, which they attached to 50 giant balloons and released into North Korea from a park in the border city of Paju, according to organizers of the event. It was an act of rebellion against the alleged North Korean ban on the chocolate confections.
The pies, which are produced in South Korea, are wildly popular in North Korea. Fearful that the treats would encourage an uprising, Kim Jong-un reportedly banned Choco Pies from the country earlier this month. The pies, which have become something of a political statement, are viewed as a symbol of capitalism and represent a taste of the world outside North Korea.
Choco Pies have occasionally been doled out in North Korea as bonuses to workers in the Kaesong Industrial Complex. Employees make around $100 a month there, according to the news site Daily NK, but only take home about 30% of their wages as a result of deductions by the North Korean government. The pies were used to supplement low wages and give the workers a literal taste of the outside world.
Choco-Pies (1)
“Choco Pies are an important mind-changing instrument … [North Koreans] are suffering and starving, but thanks to Choco Pies, DVDs and large-scale labour migration to China, people don’t buy the old story [that the South is even poorer] and the government does not sell it any more,” Andrei Lankov, an expert on Korean studies, told The Guardian. Other items like DVDs have also been transported to North Korea via balloons.
It is not unusual for such balloons to travel across the border to North Korea. Often, they carry things like anti-North Korean leaflets and USB sticks containing photos from places outside the country.
In response to the bombardment of chocolate pie-filled balloons, North Korea’s leadership has threatened to shell the people responsible on the other side of the border.
Via Mashable
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What are liquid assets? Why liquid assets are important for business?
Any business needs money to run well and cash is considered the lifeline of the business. Liquid assets are known to provide stability to any business and to ensure continuity of business operations. Liquid assets are important, as they facilitate quick access to money to pay any dues. They are an important part of the financial profile of a business entity. So through this article information is being given about liquid assets and their role in business.
Liquid Assets
Liquid assets refer to assets that can be easily converted into cash. Liquid assets are easy to sell and they can be easily converted into cash without any loss in their value. Liquid assets help companies and businesses obtain cash to meet their business obligations. Traders should invest in some liquid assets, so that they can easily meet their cash requirements during an emergency. Cash is the highest form of liquid asset. This is followed by current accounts, government bonds, treasury bills, etc.
Importance of liquid assets
Companies are required to maintain a stock of liquid assets to meet their short-term liabilities. Current liabilities within one year can be met only when the company has sufficient liquid assets. These can be quickly converted into cash without any loss in value. Companies often compare the amount of liquid assets to the total amount of their current liabilities to measure their liquidity, this is known as the quick ratio (quick ratio). A low quick ratio means a lack of liquid assets. In this case, the business may face liquidity problems while covering its short-term liabilities.
Liquid assets formula
Small businesses are required to calculate the net worth of liquid assets, as they can cover unexpected expenses through it. This information is also useful for lenders, as it allows them to decide whether to lend money to a business or not. Higher net worth makes any business worthy of creditors. This means that you can easily repay your loan. The following equation is used to calculate the liquid net worth of businesses (liquid net worth) –
Total Liquid Assets – Total Debts (Liabilities) = Total Net Worth (Total Net Worth)
• Total liquid assets here represent the total assets held by a business entity such as cash and accounts receivable.
• Total liabilities represent total debt ie credit card debt, total mortgage or unsecured debt etc.
List of liquid assets
By definition some liquid assets are as follows –
• Current account
• Bank note
• Account resolvable
• Demand deposit
• Prepayment insurance
• Securities maturing within 90 days
• Inventory
• Stock and mutual funds etc.
Why liquid assets are important for business?
Liquidity would have been important in financed businesses. Businesses large and small can easily obtain cash and meet emergency financial requirements. Liquid assets are instruments that can be easily converted into cash without losing value. Liquid assets are a part of business working capital. Liquid assets have to be maintained to pay for business operations and other expenses. Businesses with more liquid assets are seen as better investment opportunities by credit institutions. Such businesses have a better ability to pay business loans. Liquidity is also important to deal with economic conditions like recession or inflation. All small businesses must have a stock of liquid assets to cover 2-3 months of business obligations. However, it is important to keep liquidity under control. If you have more liquid assets, it can be helpful to grow the business, but if you have less liquid assets, then you may face trouble.
Benefits of liquid assets
• Liquid assets help to meet business liabilities and short-term liabilities.
• Liquid assets play an important role in times of emergency financial needs.
• When a business entity applies for a loan, liquidity is important. The lender assesses the liquid assets owned by the business to determine the creditworthiness of any business. When a company has sufficient liquid assets, the probability of the company paying off the debt easily increases even in times of temporary financial crisis.
• To have a good financial profile, it is necessary to have sufficient assets.
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By Shane Cochrane
On a Saturday in 1899, in a place just outside of Paris, two duellists prepared to duel. This was a strange duel – for a number of reasons. The duellists were women. They were both stripped to the waist. And – stranger still – they were poised to fight to the death with scissors!
The women had discovered they were both ‘seeing’ the same local lothario, a man dubbed ‘Handsome Polyt’. And they had met that day to fight for his hand – as it were. But just as his female suitors were about to fight, Polyt made an unsavoury comment. It was a comment that was so unsavoury that both of the women turned their scissors on him. He survived – but only just.
When we think of duels – sometimes referred to as “pistols for two and coffee for one” – we tend to think of ‘gentlemen’, armed with pistols or swords, prepared to die over a matter of honour. Fortunately, history is a lot stranger – and more interesting – than that.
For a start, it’s a myth that only swords and pistols were used for duelling. In fact, duellists could be really creative when it came to devising ways to kill each other.
For example, in 1887, when two wealthy Mexican business men, Señor Victoria and Señor Pedrazo, fell out at a society ball, they chose to settle their dispute by being locked in a dark room with 100 tarantulas.
In this duel, they were to attack the spiders, not each other; and neither man could leave until all the spiders were dead. Some hours later, when the duelists still hadn’t left the room, some of their friends smashed their way in. They found the two men lying on the floor, lifeless and surrounded by tarantulas.
A similar duel took place in Bengal in 1894, when two army officers fell out over an English girl. They were locked in a dark room with a vicious snake that had not been fed for several days. It wasn’t long before one of the men felt the snake’s fangs pierce the flesh of his thigh.
In 1904, just outside Paris, France, two elderly American gentlemen got into a heated debate about the upcoming American presidential election. One challenged the other to a duel, which was readily accepted.
However, as they were preparing to duel they rowed again, this time over the duelling weapons: one said they had agreed on pistols; the other that they had agreed on swords. They compromised by climbing into their cars and ramming each other!
Another myth is that duelling was about restoring a man’s honour and reputation. In reality, those with too much money and too much time on their hands, duelled over all kinds of ridiculous things.
In 1847, a captain in the British Army challenged a general to a duel when the general refused to drink a toast with him. The general explained that he was under doctor’s orders to avoid all stimulants, but the captain was having none of it and insisted that they duel.
On another occasion, at a British Army camp in India, an officer took the newspapers that had just arrived from England back to his private quarters. When a fellow officer reminded him that all of the men eagerly awaited the arrival of the newspapers from home and that the camp rules stated that they should be kept in the mess so that all the men could read them, it ended in a duel – and a death.
And if you think that it couldn’t get more ridiculous than that, another man was killed in a duel triggered by an argument over the weight of a goose.
Possibly the biggest myth about duelling is that it was an exclusively male affair. Women duelled, too. And they often brought a little flair to duelling. For example, when the French actresses Marotte Beaupre and Catherine de Urlis duelled, they did so with swords on a Paris stage. And when two French society ladies, Melinte and Prelanie, fell out over a greyhound, they duelled with pistols on horseback.
Given just how crazy duelling was, it would be great to think that it was something that the Irish had avoided. Not so.
In fact, it was a duel in Ireland that ended in the most unexpected of legal consequences for a duellist.
In November 1898, Duncan McGregor, who was overseeing building work at Lough Swilly in Donegal, discovered that his 15-year-old daughter was seeing a soldier. He ordered her to end the relationship. She refused. And the fiery argument that ensued ended in a midnight duel between father and daughter.
By the time the police arrived, both were nursing gunshot wounds. And while both father and daughter were charged with shooting each other, McGregor was also charged with “keeping his daughter out in the cold all night.”
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Convalescent plasma (kon-vuh-LES-unt PLAZ-muh) therapy uses blood from people who've recovered from an illness to help others recover.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has given emergency authorization for convalescent plasma therapy with high antibody levels to treat COVID-19. It may be used for some hospitalized people ill with COVID-19 who are either early in their illness or who have weakened immune systems.
Why it's done
Convalescent plasma therapy may be given to people with COVID-19 who are in the hospital and are early in their illness or have a weakened immune system.
Convalescent plasma therapy may help people recover from COVID-19. It may lessen the severity or shorten the length of the disease.
Blood has been used to treat many other conditions. It's usually very safe. The risk of getting COVID-19 from convalescent plasma hasn't been tested yet. But researchers believe that the risk is low because donors have fully recovered from the infection.
Convalescent plasma therapy has some risks, such as:
• Allergic reactions
• Lung damage and difficulty breathing
• Infections such as HIV and hepatitis B and C
The risk of such infections is low. Donated blood must be tested for safety. Some people may have mild complications or none at all. Other people may have severe or life-threatening complications.
What you can expect
Your doctor may consider convalescent plasma therapy if you're in the hospital with COVID-19 and you are early in your illness or you have a weakened immune system. If you have questions about convalescent plasma therapy, ask your doctor.
Your doctor will order convalescent plasma that is compatible with your blood type from your hospital's local blood supplier.
Before the procedure
Before convalescent plasma therapy, your health care team prepares you for the procedure. A health care team member inserts a sterile single-use needle connected to a tube (intravenous, or IV, line) into a vein in one of your arms.
During the procedure
When the plasma arrives, the sterile plasma bag is attached to the tube and the plasma drips out of the bag and into the tube. It takes about 1 to 2 hours to complete the procedure.
After the procedure
You'll be closely monitored after you receive the convalescent plasma. Your doctor will record your response to the treatment. He or she may also record how long you need to stay in the hospital and if you need other therapies.
It's not yet known if convalescent plasma therapy will be an effective treatment for COVID-19. You might not experience any benefit. However, this therapy might help you recover from the disease.
Data from several clinical trials, studies and a national access program suggest that convalescent plasma with high antibody levels may lessen the severity or shorten the duration of COVID-19 in some people when given early in the disease or in those with weakened immune systems. However, more research is needed to determine if convalescent plasma therapy will be an effective treatment for COVID-19.
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These birds nap while they fly—and other surprising ways that animals sleep
Dolphins shut off half their brains. Elephants snooze only two hours a night. Here’s why animals have such different ways of getting shuteye.
For humans, sleep is a necessity, a mystery, and a luxury. It’s not known why we need it but we do—and an hour more or less of it can make your day either great or grumpy.
Most animals sleep, too, says Jerome Siegel, a psychiatrist at the University of California, Los Angeles, but in ways that are just about as varied as the animal kingdom itself. These variations include duration and depth of sleep, and even how it works in the brain.
From dogs that doze off and on all day to dolphins that sleep using only half their brains, here’s a look at the many different ways that animals sleep.
Sleeping cycles
Humans, like all other great apes, are monophasic sleepers, meaning we sleep in one long interval during a 24-hour period. Bonobos, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans all also build sleeping platforms in trees, away from predators and insects, a jungle version of a bed. Gorillas sleep for 12 hours but orangutans get around the same eight hours that humans do.
In some other primates, as in most mammals, sleep is polyphasic, with several alternating periods of sleep and activity in a 24-hour cycle. Dogs have wake-sleep cycles of about 83 minutes and get a little more than 10 and a half hours of sleep per 24-hour cycle.
The reason great apes have such long, luxurious sleep compared to the fitful, shorter sleeps of their monkey cousins has to do with those sleeping platforms. Monkeys have to balance on hard branches where they are easily awakened by potential danger or other monkeys—which is helpful to them but not good for extended sleep.
When apes started getting bigger, the branches they once slept on could no longer hold their weight—so they started building something that would. Being able to lay down, away from the dangers of predators and other distractions allowed them to sleep longer, more securely, and more deeply. A 2015 study showed that orangutans do, indeed, sleep better than their baboon cousins. The apes’ cognitive abilities, the study says, may improve on the day following that longer, deeper sleep.
Sleeping with half a brain
Dolphins, meanwhile, can stay alert with half of their brain while the other half can fall into a deep sleep. This enables dolphins to sleep with one eye open, looking for predators.
Dolphins are basically alert 24 hours a day for their entire lives,” Siegal says.
This sleeping pattern—which dolphins share with other cetaceans, manatees, eared seals and some birds—is called unihemispheric slow wave sleep, a deep state of sleep in which rapid eye movement or REM sleep does not occur.
REM sleep is the sleep state in which the brain is most active, breathing becomes more rapid, and most muscles become temporarily paralyzed. The importance of REM sleep has been a subject of scientific debate concerning how much of a role it plays in memory and learning. Dolphins are highly intelligent but possibly never experience REM sleep, says David Raizen, a neurologist at the University of Pennsylvania, because if they did experience the same muscle paralysis as terrestrial animals they would sink to the bottom of the ocean and drown.
If dolphins are only sleeping with one side of that brain at a time, Siegel says, it begs the question: “Does that mean they’re asleep or awake? There’s no simple answer there.”
Some birds also fly while sleeping with one half of their brain.
Frigate birds fly for months over the ocean and can engage in both regular sleep and use half their brain at a time to sleep during soaring or gliding flight. They sleep only while on rising air currents which allow them to gain altitude and keep them from falling in the water during the short 10-second bursts of total sleep they grab while flying. On land, they get about 12 hours a day in one-minute bursts.
Fur seals also sleep with one side of the brain while they’re swimming, but on land they return to bihemispheric sleep—sleeping with the entire brain, like humans.
Do animals need sleep at all?
Animal down time happens in a lot of ways, but the classic definition of sleep, Siegel says, is “a period of reduced activity and responsiveness, which is rapidly reversible,” and which requires makeup sleep if a deficit occurs.
The latter “does not fit universally for all mammals,” Siegel says. Fur seals sleep far less when they’re in the water but show no need for rebound sleep upon returning to land.
Fruit flies, though, need their shuteye, Raizen says. They can sleep for 12 straight hours in total darkness. If sleep-deprived, they sleep longer in their next sleep cycle and also "have reduced reproductive drive and success," Raizen says. Both flies and mammals who lose sleep do poorly at learning tasks, although a 2019 study showed that extreme sleep deprivation doesn’t change their mortality rate.
The need for rebound sleep, Raizen says, indicates homeostasis, a system keeping itself in balance, which bolsters the prevailing scientific view that sleep is something animals need.
But not everyone agrees, Raizen says. Brown bats, for example, sleep the longest of any animal, logging in 20 hours of sleep in a 24-hour cycle. But it’s not out of necessity.
“Bats forage mosquitoes, and maybe the mosquitoes are only out four hours a day,” Raizen says. “The rest of the time there's no reason for the bat to be awake, so it just sleeps to conserve energy.”
Sleep, rest, and dormancy
Reduced responsiveness—think that stretch of time when you’re ignoring your alarm clock—is the difference between sleep and what is called rest, quiescence, or just lack of movement in some animals.
“If you’re asleep and someone whispers your name you won’t respond to them,” Raizen says, whereas animals that are in a restful state respond to stimuli more quickly.
Upside down jellyfish have been found to go into a quiescent state at night. Their bell pulses one third as often as it does in the day, and they are less responsive to stimuli like food and show a 17 percent decrease in activity when kept awake at night.
<p>A female leopard basks in the afternoon sun in Mombo, Botswana.</p>
Photograph by P. Warner, National Geographic Your Shot
Hibernation is a state of inactivity and lowered metabolic rate that animals adopt to survive the cold winter months. It and other long-term rests aren’t sleep as we think of it either. They’re related to temperature or environmental changes like lack of food. (Why some animals don't actually sleep for the winter, and other surprises about hibernation.)
To conserve energy in extreme conditions some animals go into torpor or dormancy, a state of deep sleep with drops in body temperature and metabolic rate that lasts less than 24 hours. The blue-throated hummingbird’s heart rate can drop from more than 1,200 beats per minute to as low as 50 during torpor. Hummingbirds enter into torpor to survive and conserve their energy during cold winter months.
Estivation is a period of dormancy or torpor that happens in response to a long hot or dry period. West African lungfish excrete mucus and form a cocoon around themselves before burrowing into the ground for estivation, building themselves a safe habitat to wait out hot dry periods when the pools they live in dry up.
Sleep-life balance
Sleep may not seem like the safest or best use of time for an animal—time that could be otherwise spent eating or watching for predators. But, Siegel says, in the natural world “all you have to do is pass your genes on.”
Animals usually breed in specific seasons and they wouldn’t breed more if they were awake all the time. The best way for some species to assure those genes continue is to protect them and enable their offspring’s survival. Siegel explains that sleep helps animals do so.
“Certainly if we humans stayed awake all night to protect our newborns, they would be slightly safer,” he says. “But we would need more energy to fuel our brains and hearts and, in the long run, that would negatively affect our survival and the baby's survival. So it is with most species.”
Animals also usually have safe sleeping sites “but those who don’t, like big herbivores, don't sleep very much and certainly don't sleep as deeply as humans do.”
Large herbivores like elephants and giraffes also need to forage so much they sleep only about two hours a night.
“If giraffes slept like we do, prone and unconscious, there would be no more giraffes,” Siegel says.
The cicadas that surface every 13 or 17 years are a great example of a successful species, Siegel says. They spend most of their lives burrowed away underground and there are millions of them. (Here’s why U.S. cicadas lie dormant for more than a decade.)
“All that determines survival is how many offspring you have that are capable of having their own offspring, not how much waking time you have,” he says. “There is an optimal amount for each species depending on what ecological niche they’re filling.”
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Budget vs Forecast: What’s the difference?
Budget vs Forecast - What is the difference?
Budgeting and forecasting are used by businesses as a form of planning their finances so they know where they are spending money, where they need to spend money and ultimately where they can improve and grow. As a business owner, you would need to know the difference between these two methods of financial planning so you can plan accordingly what you want to achieve (budgeting) and what you think you will achieve (forecasting).
What is a Budget?
A budget is a quantified expectation for the upcoming financial period for what you want your business to achieve. In a budget the business owners will outline where they want the business to be by the time the financial period in question comes to an end.
Budgets might represent aspects such as a representation of the future results of the business, estimates of revenue and expenses, financial position and expected cash flow that the business wants to achieve during the financial period. The budget will be compared to results as they come, to determine how close the business is to achieving its goals and assess and manage progression.
This comparison can be useful to change the business strategy if the business is varying too far from the expected performance which was detailed in the budget. Budgets are often updated annually, although budgeting can be done at more regular intervals depending on the business or the financial period.
What is a Forecast?
On the other hand, a forecast is an estimate of what your business will achieve in the period. This is used as a prediction and is more of a strategic method of financial planning, as historical data is used to form the forecast.
Forecasts might include and be limited to aspects such as revenue and expenses; they are often less extensive than budgets.
They may also be updated a lot more often than budgets, which might be monthly or quarterly, and they are often used for more short-term financial planning in a business - although they can be used for long-term strategy as well.
Forecasts come in a range of forms for various scenarios or outcomes - this may be referred to as pro forma statements. This means the business owner can plan for the future as they can work out what is likely to happen regarding the business’ finances.
What is the difference between a budget and a forecast?
One key difference between a budget and a forecast includes how often they are updated. Whilst a budget is often updated annually and represents more long-term planning, forecasting is more helpful for the short-term and is updated much more regularly, perhaps monthly or quarterly.
Also, budgets and forecasts are functionally different. Budgets are used for the business owner to manage operations and outline where they want the business to be and what goals they want to achieve. Forecasting is a report which indicates where the business is actually going, charting growth over a particular period.
When deciding which of budgeting and forecasting is more useful for businesses, it may be forecasting as this works in the short-term to represent the circumstances the business will find itself in. Therefore, action can be taken based off of the forecast.
In turn, budgets might include targets and goals which are not achievable. Also, as they are only updated annually most of the time, it’s difficult to predict the market conditions and so by the time the financial period has ended, the budget’s predictions may be way off and the goals not achieved because the long-term planning of the budget could not take into account changes in the market and thus did not come to fruition.
However, budgeting can be very beneficial for a business and should be used alongside forecasting when a business is planning finances.
Budget vs Forecast - Should I use a budget or a forecast?
If you want to set out your business finances in terms of what you want to achieve, you should use a budget. However, if you want a more summarised financial plan which states the business’ actual expectations for results, a forecast is of more use to your business.
Businesses should use both a budget and forecast in conjunction for more accurate financial planning. A forecast can be used to display the current direction of the business whereas a budget lays out the business goals.
It is important to have an idea of what budgeting and forecasting are, the various things they can be used for in terms of financial planning as well as the key differences between budgeting and forecasting. This helps your business planning regarding what you expect to achieve as well as what you want to achieve.
You can check out the services Opayo provides on budgeting, specifically Cash Flow Budgeting here
For more information on the various other services we provide at Opayo, view our recent blog posts. For further guidance on budgeting and forecasting for your business, get in touch with a member of our team today.
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Do Slugs Eat Begonias?
Do Slugs Eat Begonias
Finding plants that are slug-proof is quite a tricky business. So, let’s take a closer look at one of the most popular bedding plants and ask ourself: Do slugs eat begonias or will they be safe from damage and destruction?
No, generally, slugs do not eat begonias. Begonias are one of the only flowers in the garden that are fairly slug resistant.
Will Slugs Eat Begonias?
Compared to many other plants, begonias are relatively slug resistant. Many gardeners have said that they have had fewer problems with slugs when growing begonias than other kinds of bedding plants.
That being said, begonias will still be eaten by slugs if the slugs are hungry enough. They will not eat the flowers, but they will eat the leaves, preventing the plants from growing and can be easily fatal to them.
Why Don’t Slugs Eat Begonias?
We’re not entirely sure why slugs do not eat begonias, but it is possibly to do with their texture. Begonias have leaves similar to succulents and are quite rubbery in their texture.
Slugs don’t like to travel across that kind of texture, so it is likely that they do not go after begonias unless they are easy to reach, and other sources of food are scarce.
What Other Flowers Will Slugs Leave Alone?
Begonias are not the only plants that appear to be slug-repellent in nature. Whilst it is difficult to find plants that will not be bothered by slugs, there is a short list here for you of some plants that are less likely to be targeted by slugs.
Wormwood has a strong smell which is the likely reason for its slug-deterrent abilities. It is a great foliage plant that produces lovely silver leaves, and it works for a great lining plant to surround flowerbeds and keep slugs away from them.
Lamb’s Ears
The reason for this plant’s popularity is likely also the reason for its resistance against slugs. The leaves of this plant are hairy, and this is why they have their name, lamb’s ears.
The fluffy, hairy texture of these leaves feel like lamb’s ears and whilst that is lovely for humans, it is not nice for slugs.
Because of the way they travel, certain textures are very uncomfortable for slugs, and so lamb’s ears are protected from slugs as they will not travel across the plants, nor will they eat them.
Lambs Ears Slugs
Geraniums are resistant from slug infestations for the same reason as lamb’s ears, their texture. Geraniums have hairy stalks and slugs do not like to travel over them and they would much less like to eat them.
Geraniums make for good bedding plants and they can be interspersed with other plants to help protect them from slug infestations.
When we say geraniums, we are referring to the cranesbill variety with their hairy stems.
Rosemary is a great little herb to grow, it is hardy, it smells nice, it flowers and it even repels slugs. Rosemary is believed to repel slugs because of its strong smell, so growing it close to areas of vulnerable flowers is a good idea to help keep them protected from any hungry slugs.
Whilst these plants are all primarily slug resistant, unfortunately, we cannot guarantee any of them to be completely free of slugs at all times. If the slugs are hungry enough, they are likely to eat anything, including the plants listed above.
That being said, growing these plants will still help to largely reduce the slug population that you find in your garden.
What Kind of Animals Eat Begonias?
So, we’ve established that the likelihood is that it might not actually be slugs that are eating your plants.
Below is a short list of some other common garden pests that may be responsible for eating your begonias and how you can deal with them to help protect your plants.
Much like slugs, snails will eat almost any plant, but they seem to be less picky when it comes to begonias. Snails are likely to eat the leaves of your begonias rather than the flowers and they are most likely going to try and get to your begonias overnight.
You can easily repel snails by surrounding your begonia bedding plants with gravel as it is an uncomfortable terrain for them to cross.
Aphids are tiny insects that are usually green or brown in colour. These insects do not actually eat the plants themselves, but they do suck the sap from the plant leaves which damages the leaves, preventing your plant from growing.
In large numbers, they can easily be fatal to your plants. thankfully, aphids can easily be removed by hand or with a blast of water from a hose.
Spider Mites
Spider mites are often confused with aphids as they are similar in size and usually a dark colour. Spider mites are very harmful to plants and can easily become a pest to your begonias.
The best way to deal with spider mites is to use handmade insecticidal soap. All you need is some liquid dish soap and some water.
Making your own insecticidal spray is much better for the environment as it contains far fewer harmful chemicals, but it still does the job of ridding your plants of pests.
To summarise, here are a few key facts to remember from this piece. Slugs will eat the leaves of begonias, but they are primarily ignored by slugs. Other plants that slugs do not like to eat include Lamb’s ears, geraniums and rosemary.
If your begonias are being eaten then the likely culprits may be snails, which can be deterred by the use of gravel, or aphids and spider mites, which can be removed by hand or killed using handmade insecticidal soap.
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Wheat and barley shortage devastates Iraq
Iraq wheat - Main
A family harvest wheat from a field in Korre, Iraq Copyright: Panos
Speed read
• Formerly fertile regions in Iraq now suffer lack of grain and fruits
• Droughts have dried out rivers and caused water shortages
• Farmers may have to abandon traditional irrigation methods and some crops
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[Baghdad] Iraq’s farmlands are declining due to lack of rainfall and depleted soils, a report by the country’s Central Bureau of Statistics has revealed. Wheat and barley were affected particularly hard, the report said, but it also observed a general decline in the yield per acre of Iraq’s farmland due to “off-season rainfall and dust storms”.
Wheat production was estimated at just over two million tons for the winter season of 2018, a 27% decrease from last year. The crop was cultivated on land totaling around 3,154 dunums (a traditional land measure, one dunum is equal to 2,500 square metres), down 25% to last year. Barley production also declined, the report found. This year, only around 191,000 tonnes were produced, a decline of 37% to 2017, and this was grown on 601 dunums of land, which is 27% less than the year before.
Farmers said the main reason for their difficulties in growing wheat and barley was lack of water. Sabih Sawadi, who cultivates 100 dunums in Qalat Sukkar, a town in Dhi Qar district, said his land was not getting enough water to irrigate crops well enough to grow.
“Since 2003, there have been no financial allocations to monitor and address climate change and its impact on the Iraqi economy, agriculture and environment,”
Mohamed Hamza, Professor of water strategy, Duhok University
“Irrigating the plants requires large water pumps, which need very expensive fuel,” he said, adding that tilling and harvesting were also expensive. “Before the water crisis in the country, irrigation did not require any pumps.”
Sawadi added that the soil on his land has been getting more salty, due to the lack of regular rain.
Haidar al-Assad, who sits on an advisory board for Iraq’s ministry of agriculture, predicted that areas planted with wheat and barley crops will be halved during the 2018-2019 crop cycle.
“These areas cannot be used to grow other crops for the winter season unless they are wet or have access to artesian wells, which are very expensive,” said Assad, who also heads the General Federation of Agricultural Cooperative Associations in Iraq.
Due to the ongoing Iraqi civil war, the country lacks information on many of its most vulnerable regions, the report said. Conflict over water exacerbates problems in regions that are already seeing daily violence, making it difficult for surveyors to assess the scale of the problem.
The report’s authors did not obtain data from the districts of Nineveh, Anbar and Salah al-Din due to ongoing conflict in Western Iraq. For the same reason, Hawja district in Kirkuk and some villages in the Diyala district were also not monitored. The report’s authors were not able to obtain data from the governments of Sulaymaniyah, Dohuk and Erbil in Kurdistan, they said.
The government has little money to help farmers adapt to water scarcity and changing weather conditions, says Mohamed Hamza, a professor of water strategy at Duhok University. “Since 2003, there have been no financial allocations to monitor and address climate change and its impact on the Iraqi economy, agriculture and environment,” he said.
In lieu of internal monitoring, Iraq relies on UN agencies such as the Food and Agriculture Organization, the development agency Unesco and the UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia. In September 2017, the ESCWA held a meeting in Beirut, Lebanon, to discuss the impact of climate change on the Middle East. A report from the meeting was forwarded to the Iraqi ministry for water resources, but the minister in charge has not yet passed the matter on to the relevant strategic bodies, Hamza told SciDev.Net.
Maha Rasheed, a researcher on water engineering at Degla University, specializes in water resources management in the Mesopotamian Marshes. She said that one solution to water scarcity would to be recycle more water from irrigation and households for agricultural purposes. But to do so, farmers and provincial governments need to improve collaboration with the ministry of water resources, she said.
"Another solution is to rehabilitate old water networks,” Rasheed said, adding that working with water-rich countries that share rivers and groundwater with Iraq should also take priority. “[The government] needs to deal seriously with the riparian states to preserve Iraq’s water rights,” she said.
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Trending Articles
" Web Definition The Web is creating information accessible through the Internet, an inexhaustible human knowledge source. The most used component on the Internet is the Web. Its standout feature is highlighted text, a method for instant cross-referencing. And also, on most Websites, certain words appear in text that is a different colour from the rest of the document. Browsing on the Web is done utilizing a special software called Browser or Explorer. How does the Web work? The Web is a world of information available at the click of the mouse. And also, to use it, you need a computer, an Internet connection, and a browser (you can also see " The Internet and the Web "). When a browser (using a browser ), the program finds and displays a page of information found on the computer itself or come from any other part of the world, not even to know or care where. It works by hiding a hypertext link directed to the network behind the screen's highlighted words. Certain words, phrases, or even images are the highlight, and by clicking on them. We get the browser to search for another page, which in turn probably contains more highlighted items, and so on. Web documents in various formats are locating on so-called servers. Today, the number of pages accessible by the Web is enormous (billions). But just this essential idea is not enough for your actual use. Imagine that you have to make a page for each entry in a phone book and that you have to keep them updated! There are types of information that are superior handled if they are store in a database. Large amounts of data have traditionally be kept in databases. But databases have a reputation for being difficult to manage, and they are all different. If we could have a program that would show us the database's content as if it were a set of hypertext pages, we would not need to know how to use the database interface to extract the information we require. What are the Features of the Web? 1. Useful content. The theme and searches must be consistent with the end-user; if not, the most likely thing is that the visitor leaves the page quickly. 2. It must be intuitive. Making navigation easy makes it easy for visitors to achieve their goals. And also, avoid abandonments on your website. 3. Attractive design. They say a snap is worth a thousand words. On a website, a first impression counts, as it represents our business and even ourselves. And also, If a user does not resemble what they observe or does not build trust, they will most likely leave the website, in many cases, without even considering the content. 4. Well structured content. A clear and straightforward content breakdown, well explained, is guaranteed success. The importance of a clear and objective structure is what will keep your user connected. 5. Importance of web speed. Pages that get a long time to load are a problem. For everyone, our time is precious, and what bothers anyone the most is having to wait. The index of a web page must have a fast load; otherwise, many users will abandon the navigation without giving a chance to see the site, although its content may be helpful. 6. Contact information. It is imperative to place our contact information, telephone numbers, and address in visible places. And also, we should never link emails directly but instead use links to contact forms and, very importantly, persuade the user to take action, such as contacting us or requesting more information. If our content generates interest, the user likely wants to know more. It is very appropriate to invite them to solve their doubts by contacting us and always know that we are here to help you. 7. Dissemination of the website. Many companies think that having a website has all the work done. Well, no, either less. There is a lot of work after a website to make ourselves known to new users. Initial of all, if your site is new, it isn't comfortable to appear in the search engines' top positions. What are the types of Web? 1. Static web pages These pages are characterizing by showing permanent information in which the user cannot interact with the carrier except to read the content. And also, they do not use databases, but the data resides on the server, so to modify it, you have to access the server and change its content. And also, These types of pages are using for merely informative websites 2. Dynamic web pages Unlike static web pages, the contents can customize by the users who visit them in dynamic webs. They can create or alter the same navigation through the same navigation with forms, text, images, videos, etc. And also, These would include forums, blogs, e-commerce with a shopping cart. READ MORE:- heaalthnwelln "
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n. pl. par·a·myx·o·vi·rus·es
Any of a family of single-stranded RNA viruses including the respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza viruses, and viruses that cause measles and mumps.
(Pathology) any single-strand RNA virus of the Paramyxoviridae family usually causing acute respiratory disease
(ˌpær əˈmɪk səˌvaɪ rəs, -ˌmɪk səˈvaɪ-)
n., pl. -rus•es.
any of various RNA-containing viruses of the family Paramyxoviridae, distinguished by a helical nucleocapsid surrounded by an envelope: includes viruses causing measles and mumps.
Also called myxovirus.
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Noun1.paramyxovirus - a group of viruses including those causing mumps and measles
myxovirus - any of a group of RNA viruses including those that cause influenza and mumps
respiratory syncytial virus - a paramyxovirus that forms syncytia in tissue culture and that is responsible for severe respiratory diseases such as bronchiolitis and bronchial pneumonia (especially in children)
References in periodicals archive ?
Nipah virus: a recently emergent deadly paramyxovirus. Science.
Suspected paramyxovirus 3 infection associated with pancreatitis and nervous signs in Neophema parakeets.
Molecular characterization and epitope mapping of fusion (F) and hemagglutinin (HN) genes of avian paramyxovirus serotype I from peacocks in Pakistan.
Surprisingly, the Nigerian genotype VIg isolates share a high degree of phylogenetic relationship with the Russian, Egyptian, and Ukrainian isolates whereas the genotype VIh isolates are more related to the pigeon paramyxovirus isolated from wild birds in Kenya (Figure 1(a)).
Afonso, "Temporal, geographic, and host distribution of avian paramyxovirus 1 (Newcastle disease virus)," Infection, Genetics and Evolution, vol.
For the second lecture on Paramyxovirus, crossover of students was done in such a way that Control-group of the previous session was chosen to receive the experimental model so they become Study-group.
Stargazing can also be caused by a virus called paramyxovirus (PMV-1).
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and other paramyxovirus infections.
New Castle or Ranikhet is a serious paramyxovirus disease of poultry and other birds.
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory system, immune system, and skin caused by a paramyxovirus of the genus Morbillivirus.
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral infection of avian species especially poultry caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a Paramyxovirus called avian Paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1).
As a paramyxovirus, NDV cRNA is totally encapsidated by the NP protein that protects cRNA from degradation by cellular nucleases.
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Surface Treatment
Home> Technique> Surface Treatment
What’s surface treatment?
Metal has the property to cause corrosion which is the factor to lower the mechanical and physical properties when it contacts oxygen in the air.
Surface treatment is the process to prevent contact of metal with oxygen by forming several materials including polymeric film, oxide film, and metal film.
If the surface treatment process is done on products, their corrosion is prevented and their mechanical and physical properties are improved.
Recently surface treatment has been done to improve tone and illumination of metal surface with the mechanical and physical properties of products.
Surface treatment
CVD(Chemical Vapor Deposition)
CVD means chemical vapor deposition in a real sense of the word.
Adhesive strength of this process is excellent. And vapor deposition
can be uniformly done on complex forms of boards. Deposition of high
purity materials is easy. And because partial deposition is possible
by selecting the parts that you want on special forms of boards,
it is being used as one of the most useful methods. And this process is
variously used in several industries including wear resistance and
corrosion-resisting coating. For the basic principle of CVD,
deposition is done through high temperature decomposition or high
temperature chemical reaction. Because high temperature is required .
for smooth reaction at this moment, CVD process is usually done
at high temperature of about 1000°C.
PVD ( Physical Vapor Deposition)
Plasma-assisted physical vapor deposition (PAPVD) can be the generic
term of the physical vapor deposition which uses glow discharge to
improve film properties. Ion plating is the deposition process which uses
plasma like sputtering. But as it usually accelerates materials for
deposition with the boards that negative voltage is applied by ionizing it
with reactive gas or inert gases after the meteorological phenomena
is done by the evaporation system unlike sputtering, the surface of
boards or coating film collide with generated ions and neutral atoms
including high energy generated in the ionization process.
Adhesive strength of ion-plating is more improved than that of the existing
physical deposition process because of collision with particles with high
energy. And it has the advantage which can get uniform film by the shot
effect of gas and revolution of boards.
Coating type
- Plasma nitriding is the method to form compound layers and diffuse
layers on the surface by activating surface penetrating of atoms as
glow discharge is generated around base plates if voltage is applied
between the route which affects the positive and negative poles and the
ones which work by the cathode by injecting gas into the vacuum
atmosphere of the internal route.
Features of R-NITRIDING
• 1. Controls chipping in the corners of molds or tools.
• 2. Obtains the mechanical properties which meet purposes by
adjusting compound layers through control of the gas ratio.
• 3. Process can be omitted because there is few porous
layer (white layer).
• 4. There are few changes in surface illumination.
• 5. Nitriding, complex treatment, and partial nitriding of special metal
including SUS and Ti are possible.
• 6. The treatment temperature is -480 degrees. For alloy tool steel, high
tempering products only can be treated.
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faltam 25 milhc3b5es de pretas e pardas no brasil apontam dados do ibge
Photo: Brazilian women have more difficulty identifying themselves as black and brown than Brazilian men
Note from BW of Brazil: Well in reality, the information presented in today’s piece should come as absolutely no surprise. When I first created this blog back in 2011, one of the first and most important posts discussed the issue of racial classification in Brazil. For to inform an English-speaking audience about the question of race in Brazil, it was and continues to be very important to have a basic understanding of how racial classification and identity work. After a long list of articles written by numerous Afro-Brazilian women, as well as a few men, it should be pretty clear that Brazil’s particular brand of racism made accepting a black identity a very difficult process for many of the country’s people of visible African ancestry.
Growing up in an anti-black country such as Brazil, people grow up everyday wanting to be anything but black. This, along with five centuries of amalgamation was at the heart of the infamous 1976 census report in Brazilians used 136 different color-coded terms to define their phenotype. And while the Movimento Negro, the country’s black social movement defines all persons who self-identify as either preto (black) or pardo (brown/mixed) as members of the black race based on the fact that in almost every socioeconomic, quality of life statistic, pretos and pardos are almost identical and at a huge disadvantage in comparison to those Brazilians who classify themsevles as brancos, or white people (see here and here). But even the white classification is not clear in Brazil. As I wrote in previous piece:
“due to such widespread miscegenation and the preference of whitening one’s racial identity, we may never know exactly how many white people there actually are in Brazil as the official census depends on self-declaration”
'Faltam' 2,5 milhões de pretas e pardas no Brasil, apontam dados do IBGE 2
And even as the black consciousness movement has been a great success in the past few decades helping to educate people on the complexities or Brazilian styled racism and eventually coming to accept an identidade negra (black identity) it continues to be a work in motion. With this in mind, it’s not difficult to understand how the media can report that Afro-Brazilians officially represent the majority of the population and then report that 2.5 million pretas (black women) and pardas (brown women) have somehow turned up “missing” from the census reports. These women aren’t actually missing, they are simply examples of powerful the seduction of defining one self as white can be!
2.5 million black and brown women are ‘missing’ in Brazil, IBGE data show
By Edison Veiga and Rodrigo Burgarelli
There are 2.5 million mulheres pretas e pardas (black and brown women) missing in Brazil. This is the total number of Brazilian women who should stop declaring themselves brancas (white women) so that, statistically, the numbers portray the same racial proportion of men, according to O Estado de S. Paulo newspaper. As it is the individual that declares his/her cor de pele (skin color) to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the data reveal that in fact, Brazilians have more difficulty identifying themselves as black and brown than Brazilian men.
A profile done by Estadão Dados from the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD or National Household Sample Survey) shows that, historically, women have declared themselves to be mais brancas (whiter) than the opposite sex. This difference was maintained even during the impressive growth in the number of Brazilians affirming themselves to be pardo or preto in the last decade – the proportion rose from 45% to 55% from 2001 to 2015, the date of the last survey. Today, 53% of women declare themselves to be nonwhite, compared to almost 56% of men.
This difference of almost 3% may seem small, but it’s impressive when translated to absolute numbers. If women declared their race in the same way as men, they would be at least 2 million more pardas and 500 thousand more pretas in the Brazilian population. The estimate is conservative because, since the probability of birth for men and women is the same within the same race and the mortality of non-white men is higher than that of whites, the expected thing would be that the proportion of pretas and pardas among women would be even greater.
“The comparison is interesting, and I don’t know of any studies that speak of the difference by sex in the classification by color or race,” says Leonardo Athias, a researcher with the Coordenação de População e Indicadores Sociais do IBGE (Coordination of Population and Social Indicators of IBGE). Or, in other words, there is not enough research in Brazil to understand exactly why women seem to tend to imagine themselves, on average, as whiter than they are.
The academic literature on racial declaration in Brazil has gained weight in the last decade, when the number of Brazilians that declared themselves non-white increased consistently. The sharp growth, especially in older age groups, left little doubt as to its origin: what was changing was not the skin color of the Brazilians, but rather how they see themselves and what race they say they are.
Cultural issue
Other data from the Pnad give some clues in the direction of that the main explanation for the difference of this process between men and women is also cultural. In North and Northeastern states like Rondônia, Piauí, Roraima and Bahia, the proportion of whites, blacks and browns among men and women is practically equal. In some states of the South and Southeast, such as Santa Catarina, Paraná and Rio, there is a much greater difference among races that each sex declares.
The difference also decreases according to schooling. The more years of schooling a woman has, the more likely she is to declaring herself to be non-white. The biggest proportional difference between women and men who declare themselves to be white is precisely in the group that didn’t finish elementary school: whites are 3.2 percentage points more. But among the population with a college degree, the figure reverses – 26% of the women declared themselves to be black or brown, a figure that is higher than 23% for men of this schooling level.
To better understand the process of transformation in the perception of one’s own race, the newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo spoke to women who lived through these changes or are symbols for this group and asked what could explain the difference between men and women when declaring their race. The answer was almost unanimous. “It’s difficult for the woman to assume herself as preta or parda. There is a dominant cultural discourse, a construction of the standard of beauty based on an embranquecimento (whitening),” said journalist Viviane Duarte, creator of the Plano Feminino project.
“The mulher negra (black woman, combination of pretas and pardas) is at the base of the social pyramid, because she is a woman and because she is a black woman. It is natural that she tries to move away from this image,” evaluates attorney Mayara Souza, founder of the Negras Empoderadas (empowered black women) group. “Being a black woman in this country is very difficult. I deeply understand people who try to approach a reality that is not theirs,” says the actress Taís Araújo, who has already been a victim of racism and keeps up with the movement of black women in search of recognition of their own identity.
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Staying socially connected digitally during the pandemic:
Understanding the negative effects of technology and its force for good
Written by Amélie van den Brink (MA, Art Psychotherapist, CBHN Creative Director) & Sara Dominguez (PhD, Early Years Psychology)
It is no secret now that Covid-19 has been deemed a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). And it has already begun to wreak havoc in large parts of the world, with some parts waiting in anticipation and fear. This is a real struggle that is demanding us all to collectively mobilize and stay together. And strangely enough, the one instrument that is keeping us together is technology, no matter how we love or hate it. Our need to stay connected digitally has never been more important than now because we are innately born to be and stay social.
In this blog we will begin by briefly touching on the effects of technology on our mental, physical and social health. Then we will discuss four ways to reduce the negative effects of technology, particularly on children. We close the blog by looking at the global response of using technology to stay socially connected in a physically distant reality.
Negative effects of technology on physical, mental and social health
For as long as technology has been around, we have been warned of its potential dangers. In particular, these dangers point to its overuse. As the global saying goes: ‘too much of anything is not good for you.’ And there is a cause for concern when it comes to our frequent use of technology on our psychological, physical and social wellbeing. We will talk about these three specifics in the following undersections.
Physical effects
Technology can negatively impact our physical health. The number one effect is obesity. Whenever we spend more than one hour in front of their screens, we are unconsciously setting ourselves up to snack more, keep glued to the screen and exercise less. Our sitting around increases our risk for poor blood circulation in our body as well as having more pain in our neck, head and eyes. In some severe cases, we can develop curved backbones and bad postures. Also, while it might be cool to be dancing with our iPod on full blast while walking down the street or out grocery shopping, the volume of noise can severely impact our hearing, to the extent of producing hearing loss and nauseating ringing in our ears. In some severe cases also, we can develop tendonitis in the thumb from pressing the same button with our thumb or playing too many games.
Mental health effects
Being connected all of the time can cause psychological issues. We can develop increased distractibility, anxiety, narcissism, needing instant gratification, and even depression. The main culprit for these symptoms lies with us not getting good quality and quantity of sleep. Sleep influences the chemical melatonin which comes from our glowing screens. The blue light emitted from our screens on cell phones, computers, tablets, and televisions restrain the production of melatonin, the hormone that controls our sleep/wake cycle or circadian rhythm. When melatonin is reduced, it can make it harder for us to fall and stay asleep.And sleep is THE remedy for regulating our mental state.
Also, addiction to technology is on the rise and it is creating even more concern than the other above listed effects. Addiction in general affect’s our health and social life. In some cases, it can destroy our social and family bonds. When we are addicted to technology we can develop phenomenons such as Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) and The Chronic Smartphone Stress. We bet you did not know about the last phenomenon. Well, this is about our constant need to look at our phones for notifications (or their absence), anticipating messages or emails. When we do not get enough attention from our phones, it can lead us to feel stressed, isolated, and/or even depressed. In fact, our excessive information space, often exaggerated online personas, internet overuse and social isolation are discreetly rewiring our brains and increasing our likelihood of developing depressive behavior.
Social effects
On a social level, technology is cramming our ability to communicate with one another. Business meetings are held over Skype, children chat instead of calling their grandparents on messenger and people talk rather than meet up in person. Moreover, physical strong social bonds are being replaced with technology. Bonds are being replaced with shallow ‘friends’, making more and more people to feel lonely and depressed. Strangely and quiet rapidly, we’ve made it a habit to live in our own world and stare at our technological devices, even when we are surrounded by people, including friends and family. Also, we are unconsciously replacing our real-life interactions with online communication and it is making us loose our distinct ability to read social cues such as tone of voice, facial expressions, body language and direct wording. And let’s not forget about our interactions with games and video games that are violent in content. While there is no sound causality on our negative behaviors, any violence which is played over and over again is (in)directly killing our ability to emphasize with others, the very foundation that has kept us together and thriving in the first place.
Reducing negative effects of technology on children
Let’s not fool ourselves, no matter what we do, we will never be able to remove technology in order to protect our children. In fact, as a result of the pandemic, children are forced to be online. School lessons now involve children looking at their screens for several hours a day. While for many this change is novel and can bring about frustrations of various sorts, some are enjoying it. But we must ask the elephant in the room: how do we reduce the negative effect of technology on our children during these difficult times?
To answer the above question, let us consider the following four ideas below:
1. Limit and monitor the use of technology—it is so important to know how much time children are using technology and in what ways they are using it. Thankfully, there are a number of ‘parental control tools’ which can help to put restrictions on screen time and content. Please consider using them with apps and web content.
2. Keep up to date with what technology is out there for kids—this will help you to recognize and deal with issues very early on. There are some very dangerous apps out there that can lead children to physically and verbally harm themselves and others. For instance, have you heard of the free social search and instant messaging mobile app/software called,‘MOMO’? If you have not, now you will. This app has reported cases of children (and adolescents) committing suicide in India, the UK, Colombia and Argentina as a result of playing the Momo “suicide game’ on Facebook and on WhatsApp. Not convinced? Do some digging on it for yourself.
3. Find alternatives to technology—we need to encourage our children every day to read the newspaper, a book, anything that does not involve looking at a screen. Also, help your child find a hobby other than online games such as running, playing football, to a name a few examples.
4. Create family time!—they often say, ‘a family that does things together, stays together’. Organize family time as much as possible with no electrical devices. This will help to keep everyone physically and mentally attuned to each other and each other’s needs.
Apart from the above listed, we have found positive ways in which our global community has responded to the pandemic by using technology to help each other and to stay connected. We explore this in our next section.
How communities are responding to the pandemic using technology thus far
A woman holds lights on her balcony during a flash mob launched throughout Italy on Sunday to bring people together even as they are staying home in an effort to halt the spread of the coronavirus. Nicolo Campo/LightRocket via Getty Images
During this pandemic, we are home-bound. That means that we should not be going outside unless it is necessary, like buying groceries (please don’t hoard) or going to the doctor (make sure you call the doctor before hand to prevent further infections in the clinic!). It also means that we cannot meet our friends and family for an outdoor picnic (yes, we all know how beautiful and warm spring and summer can be!), go to the restaurant, the movies, or see an exposition. In fact, most of these fun places are now closed to the public due to strict government measures that are in place in many countries. Many of us also can’t go to work, school, or university. Our chances for socialisation and physical connection with others have been put on hold.
Yet, we, as humans, need that connectedness to others. Because well, we are social beings. We are innately wired to be social. And now due to the physical isolation (not social isolation mind you!) the risk for many of us to develop loneliness symptoms ranges from high to very high. But we need to stay connected! And how do we do it??
Almost everyone is online
It seems the world has gone online, at least anyone who has a smart phone or laptop (or computer). We can find a wide offer of content in education, entertainment, physical activity. Oh, and did we mention that a lot of it is free too?! Universities such as UNAM in Mexico are offering online courses. Different cultural institutions such as The Louvre, The Berlin Philharmonic and New York’s Met Opera are putting their content online. Artists are even live streaming their anticipated concerts from their own homes! How cool, right? And let’s not forget Yoga studios and gyms—they, too, are giving their sessions live!
On a more intimate level, people are going online to stay digitally connected with one another. People are not only sending texts messages that can be perceived as depersonalized messages, they are also making phone and video calls, and often routined calls to friends, family, coworkers, to name a few. These regular phone calls are offering solace in many ways, both personally and collectively. Collectively as social beings, we need and want to see our loved ones’ faces, their expressions, feel that we are close to them despite the physical distance. Part of feeling connected is creating that shared space where we are attuned to each other’s expressions and affects. This is consequently renewing our energy and helping us to fight rising symptoms of loneliness.
Many people are using social media in various ways too. Not to mention that there are many new media platforms popping up left, right, and center nowadays! And good luck trying to keep up with all of them too ! (Hahaha) The much sought out platforms are Facebook, FaceTime, Google Hangouts, WhatsApp, GroupMe, Instagram, Snapchat, Zoom and Houseparty. In some of these apps, people are forming groups and throwing virtual parties, having virtual happy hours, online dinner parties. Even book clubs are operating online. Who would have thought that being online could be this fun now??
Technology as a force for global solidarity
We most definitely see a rise in global solidarity using technologySupport groups have sprouted online on platforms such as Facebook to accompany and support those in need during this pandemic. This is having a real and timely effect in the community, allowing those in need such as seniors, people with disabilities and people with prior immune system health conditions to receive help in an organized and safe way. Apps like BorrowMyDoggy is putting people in touch with other people who have dogs but cannot go outside due to some pandemic restrictions. Those who are willing or want to walk a dog can now ! How clever and amazing!
For kids there is also a lot of global solidarity. Many will acquiesce that one of the greatest things to come from us being at home more often now is that people are banding together to find ways to keep parents and kids entertained. One initiative out there is celebrities taking to various platforms such as YouTube to read aloud to kids and posting fun stories on Facebook and Instagram.
On YouTube, there is a channel called ‘StorylineOnline’ where a plethora of celebrities such as Chrissy Metz, Wanda Sykes and Oprah Winfrey read stories to children. Every video also has moving illustrations of the book being read to keep children even more entertained. Have you seen Oprah Winfrey reading ‘The Hula-Hooping Queen’ written by Thelm Lynne Godin and illustrated by Vanessa Brantley-Newton? You can watch the video here:
For kids (and adults!) who may be extra bored, there is Chatter Pack, a free online space that is run by a volunteer that works for the NHS. On this website you can explore the world ranging from virtual tours of Roman forts and aquariums to more advanced topics such as learning about computer programming skills. And let us not stop here, there is a lot more for adult too on this website! Adults can take free language classes, watch live band streams, read and download free books such as Shakespeare, Edgar Allen Poe, to name a few. The choices are endless and there is something for everyone. Here is the link for the website if you are curious to find out more:
So all in all, it would seem that suddenly having more free time on our hands is doing us more good as a human race than we would have ever imagined! By being aware of its dangers and mindfully using technology in a healthy way, we are consciously rewiring the way we stay connected, albeit digitally. We might find ourselves getting closer to our loved ones than we’ve been in a long time and helping out more in our own communities. If anything is clear in our global predicament is this—we can use technology as a force for global good.
How are you going to be inspired today to better use technology to stay connected digitally? 😉 Let us know in the comment section or send us a private message to if you feel more comfortable in doing so.
From our partners at Child Behavioral Health Network, we wish you well.
Stay healthy
Stay calm
Stay connected!
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Earldom of Balfour
Argent, on a Chevron engrailed between three Mullets Sable as many Otter's heads erased of the first.
Creation date5 May 1922[1]
MonarchKing George V
PeeragePeerage of the United Kingdom
First holderArthur Balfour
Present holderRoderick Balfour, 5th Earl of Balfour
Heir presumptiveHon. Charles Balfour
Remainder toSpecial remainder[2]
Subsidiary titlesViscount Traprain
Seat(s)Burpham Lodge
Former seat(s)Whittingehame House[3]
MottoVIRTUS AD ÆTHERA TENDIT ("Virtue strives towards heaven")[1]
Earl of Balfour is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1922 for Conservative politician Arthur Balfour, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1902 to 1905 and Foreign Secretary from 1916 to 1919.[1]
Arthur Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour
Arthur Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour
The earldom was created with special remainder, failing male issue of his own, to:
1. his younger brother, the Right Honourable Gerald William Balfour, and the heirs male of his body, failing which to
2. his nephew Francis Cecil Campbell Balfour and the heirs male of his body, and failing which to
3. his nephew Oswald Herbert Campbell Balfour and the heirs male of his body.
The latter two were the sons of his deceased youngest brother Colonel Eustace James Anthony Balfour. Balfour was made Viscount Traprain, of Whittingehame in the County of Haddington, at the same time as he was given the earldom. This title is also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom and was created with similar remainder.[1]
Balfour never married, and was succeeded according to the special remainders by his younger brother Gerald, the second Earl. He was also a Conservative politician and notably served as Chief Secretary for Ireland, as President of the Board of Trade and as President of the Local Government Board. This line of the family failed on the death of his grandson, the fourth Earl, in 2003. As of 2017 the titles are held by his second cousin once removed, the fifth Earl, father of divorcee Kinvara Balfour. He is the grandson of the aforementioned Francis Cecil Campbell Balfour, nephew of the first Earl.[1]
The family seat is Burpham Lodge, near Arundel, Sussex.
Earl of Balfour (1922)
The heir presumptive is the present holder's brother, the Hon.[a] Charles George Yule Balfour (born 1951).
The heir presumptive's heir apparent is his son, George Eustace Charles Balfour (born 1991).
Male-line family tree
Male-line family tree, Earls of Balfour.
James M. Balfour
Viscount Traprain
Earl of Balfour
Arthur Balfour
1st Earl of Balfour
Prime Minister
of the United Kingdom
Cecil C. Balfour
Francis M. Balfour
Gerald Balfour
2nd Earl of Balfour
Eustace Balfour
Robert Balfour
3rd Earl of Balfour
Lt. Col.
Francis Balfour
Gerald Balfour
4th Earl of Balfour
Andrew M. Balfour
Eustace Balfour
Roderick Balfour
5th Earl of Balfour
born 1948
Charles Balfour
born 1951
George Balfour
born 1991
Line of succession
Line of succession
See also
Notes and references
1. ^ a b c The present holder's brother was allowed by a warrant of precedence from the Queen to use the style of Honourable, because their father would have held the peerage but for his predeceasing the previous holder.[4]
1. ^ a b c d e Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003). Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood (107 ed.). Burke's Peerage & Gentry. pp. 231–232. ISBN 0-9711966-2-1.
3. ^ "Across the Divide: A J Balfour and Keir Hardie in 1905". www.nrscotland.gov.uk. National Records of Scotland. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
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Doughnut-lovers celebrate National Doughnut Day on November 5th
Jiseon Lee
More stories from Jiseon Lee
National Doughnut Day is most commonly celebrated on June 1st, but it is also celebrated on November 5th.
November 5 is one of the two National Doughnut days celebrated by doughnut lovers throughout the world. In fact, 10 billion donuts are made over the course of a year in the United States to fill the orders of doughnut fanatics.The date of the other National Doughnut Day is June 1. National Doughnut Day was created by the Salvation Army in Chicago in 1938 to honor those of their members who served doughnuts to soldiers during World War I.
The earliest known recorded usage of the term “doughnut” was in an 1808 short story describing “fire-cakes and dough-nuts”. However, there are many theories of where the term doughnuts came from. Records show that the Dutch were making olykoeks, or “oil cakes,” as early as the mid 19th century. These early doughnuts were simply balls of cake fried in pork fat until obtaining a golden-brown color. The cakes were sometimes filled with fruits, nuts or other fillings that did not require cooking because the center of the cake did not cook as fast as the outside.
The origin of the name is highly debated. Many say that the term “doughnuts” refers to the nuts that are filled inside the ball of dough to prevent the uncooked center. Others also claim that it refers to “dough knots”, another popular shape for the olykoeks.
Although there are two days for National Doughnut Day, the commonly celebrated date is the first friday of June. Many popular donut shops such as Dunkin’ Donuts and Krispy Kreme celebrate National Doughnut Day by holding special events or offering great deals. Dunkin’ Donuts locations across the nation offer a free donut with the purchase of any drink all day long on the holiday. Meanwhile, Krispy Kreme will give you a free donut with or without a purchase. Plenty of other doughnut shops will grant deals on National Doughnut Day and hold sweepstakes where you can win prizes.
If you are a doughnut lover, or if you enjoy consuming doughnuts, “donut” hesitate to celebrate National Doughnut Day.
Courtesy of
Courtesy of
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I've got a HCMS-3972 LED display, and I'd like to play with it from Arduino following this tutorial. The diagram and schematics show a capacitor, but does not specify any details. The data sheet says the following:
The value of the capacitor depends on the series resistance from the ground back to the power supply and the range of frequencies that need to be suppressed. It is also advantageous to use the largest ground plane possible.
I'm a complete beginner and can't decipher what that means. How should I pick the capacitor to use for this project?
• \$\begingroup\$ A 100nF ceramic would be a good start. \$\endgroup\$
– Kartman
Apr 18 '21 at 2:22
• \$\begingroup\$ Thanks, care to explain why @Kartman ? \$\endgroup\$
– rem
Apr 18 '21 at 2:38
• 1
\$\begingroup\$ It’s s bit like asking what size wood is needed to hold up a roof - there’s a lot more information needed to give a precise answer. I have no idea of how you will actually wire it, with what size wire etc, etc. So, 100nF is my guess. For a more complete answer we’d have to delve into some physics and math, which you’re probably not interested in. \$\endgroup\$
– Kartman
Apr 18 '21 at 3:06
An old rule of thumb that I follow is 10-100 uF aluminum per board, and 100 nF ceramic per IC. If the display is close enough to the Arduino, you might consider it to be an extension of the Arduino and not a separate board and skip the aluminum.
More is usually better, but some power sources may not like too much capacitance, I would start on the low side of the aluminum range.
These old rules are for DIPs operating at a few megahertz. Modern high-frequency surface mount circuits have different rules.
The ceramics are for high-frequency glitches, so they should be close to the ICs.
Your display is not a typical IC, it is a power hungry monster, so I would probably use several 100 nF or a 1 uF ceramic.
The link shows the circuit being wired on a solderless breadboard, but be aware that some high-power and/or high frequency circuits are difficult or impossible to get to work on a solderless breadboard.
If your circuit isn't working, and you have a scope, look at the Vled and Vlogic at the display. If it looks noisy, add more caps. Unfortunately, evaluating noise can be difficult, a digital circuit will always have glitches.
As a beginner, you should follow tutorials as close as possible. We often see beginners wire circuits with really long wires and/or make significant changes to the circuit and expect it to work.
Picture: Yellow ceramic close to IC, black aluminum on rail.
enter image description here
Your Answer
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The era of Mughal political regime from the standpoint of sociological dynamism is a cultural feast that shall never satiate the intellectual thirst of an Indian heritage aficionado because of its endlessly enchanting self and the connected history bound with diverse regions, cuisines, paintings, textiles, communities etc.
As we delve into the theme of how the Mughal architecture influenced the motifs and the overall design of the Mughal textiles, what is noteworthy herein is the underpinning political relations of the Mughals with Rajputs and other princely states, the already thriving communities of hand block printers in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Sindh etc who were historically equipped with the technical knowhow of handblock printing, the widely prevalent use of natural dyes from sources like madder root, pomegranate peels, iron, indigo; the booming production of majestic textiles like cotton muslin, Indian silks, Pashmina Shawls to velvets and brocad, the sudden shifts of population from region to region as the Mughal armies conquered new lands amongst other socio-economic and political factors that coalesced to result into the bitter-sweet historic tales that we ponder upon till today.
The motifs employed by the Mughal textile and architectural visionaries can be broadly distinguished as the Islamic Geometrical motifs, Botanical or naturalistic floral motifs and the intricately complicated floral & abstract motifs.
The motifs employed in textiles and monuments alike featured a strong presence of geometry themed figures like squares, rectangles, triangles. But later a shift to curvier shapes was pursued in the craftsmanship of architectural monuments.
Mughal court costumes under Akbar’s reign (1556- 1605) reflected a sartorial preference towards geometrical patterns which were found dominant in his architectural design of the mausoleum of Humayun(1556–1566 CE) in Delhi and the Buland Darwaja in Uttar Pradesh.
Textiles of Akbar’s sovereignty also witnessed the use of motifs like flower buds with straight leaves and stems. This is seen in contrast with Jahangir’s rule documenting a more popular use of motifs like bloomed flowers with flexible stems and curved, twisted leaves.
Mughal textile motifs under Jehangir’s kingship (1605-1627) showed a naturalistic bent as evidenced by the books of botanical knowledge enriched by highly intricate block-printed pictures of plants.
Realistic images of plants and flowers (botanical images) were vigorously envisioned by the noteworthy artist Ustad Mansur Mansur, the testimony of whose genius we learn from his painting of the Dodo and the Siberian Crane, one of the earliest at that time. His artistic splendour was also honored with the state supported translation into textile designing.
The empress Nur Jahan is also known to have patronised the craft of ‘Chikankari’, a delicate embroidery based textile craftsmanship.
Mughal motifs that were most commonly entailed in textile printing were the iris and the narcissus flowers; used in the borders with lillies, tulips, red roses. We find relics of Kashmir Shawls being a potent garment that featured such majestic floral prints of the time.
Plants, flowers, vines, creepers, curves and other such vegetal patterns, reflect a strong similarity with the images in Persian art and miniature painting of the time.
Borders with birds, butterflies and flowers became a distinguished feature of the Mughal architecture like the Tomb of Akbar at Sikandra, in the suburbs of Agra and the Mausoleum of Itimad-ud-Daulah that features such botanically nuanced motifs which are imbued with a rich Persian creative link that gradually saw a textile rendition in the Mughal costumes too, as opined by many Mughal art historians.
Jehangir’s reign saw a profound fondness towards the prospects of miniature painting than of architecture. The patterns of the Mughal textiles were nourished by the ingenuity of the Mughal court paintings. The geometrical & the floral motifs of the Hashiya (border or margin) of these paintings are known to have inspired the creative vision of these textiles.
Shah Jahan’s reign (1628–1658) is considered to be the zenith of Mughal architecture wherein the global wonderment of Taj Mahal needs no introduction. Stylised motifs with curves and unique intricacies are understood to be distanced from their natural form, rendering them a complicated appeal.
An assortment of motifs of varying nature, be it calligraphic, abstract or stylized floral motifs are commonly seen herein.
Going beyond just Mughal clothing, even the home decor relics feature the use of narcissus, rose, poppy, tulip, marigold, jasmine, lotus and champa flowers on the Mughal carpets of the time.
Some amongst these flowers like the irises and tulips are also seen on the walls of the Taj Mahal, indicating potent clarity and coherence in the larger Mughal motif-making program.
Premium floral decoration along with the gold and silver work was also incorporated in the Mughal craftsmanship as motifs used during the reign of Shah Jahan saw an actively continued use even during the reign of Aurangzeb.
Badshahi Mosque, in Lahore which is bedecked with floral ornamentation and has a relief inlay of white marble on red sandstone is debated to show creative congruence with the floral designs of garments from Aurangzeb’s court and those worn by Aurangzeb signifying the overarching imaginative tandem between that which was constructed and that which was handblock printed on textiles.
Our curiosity about the motifs that adorned the fabrics of costumes and the monuments of the most prosperous of Mughal reigns reflect the cultural heritage and tradition as a concept which evolved dynamically with each Mughal rulership’s succession. It continues to be cherished as a professional discipline by the handblock printing communities across Rajasthan and India’s length and breadth which mightily reflects the bustling cultural potpourri of our motherland that blends and melts every distinctive heritage ripe in its historic lap.
(Authored by – Vandana Bhatia )
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Longevity: Low levels of this vitamin increase the risk of heart attack and premature death
Vitamin D supports heart health and longevity, research shows. | Photo credit: iStock images
• Vitamin D is not only a nutrient from the sun, it helps our bodies fight against many diseases.
• Low level of vitamin D can lead to bone diseases, such as rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults.
• Study shows that treating low vitamin D levels can help people live longer.
This facet of vitamin D that we already know. A well-identified risk factor for infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is postulated to be vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D is well established to help regulate the amount of calcium and phosphate in the body, nutrients necessary for healthy bones, teeth and muscles. And that having a low level of vitamin D can lead to bone diseases, such as rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults. But a vitamin D deficiency can also increase the risk of heart attack and premature death, writes Matthew Solan, editor of Harvard Men’s Health Watch.
Harvard Health reports that in a study published in October 2021 in The Journal of the Endocrine Society, researchers identified 19,092 people who were deficient in vitamin D on at least two tests and who had never had a heart attack.
1. Everyone was divided into three groups.
2. People in group A were not treated and their blood levels remained below 20 ng / mL.
3. Those in group B received vitamin D supplements that raised their levels in the range of 21 to 29 ng / mL.
4. Those in Group C took enough supplements to raise their levels to 30 ng / mL or more.
5. The researchers found that the risk of heart attack was lower in group C than in the other two groups.
6. However, people in groups B and C (who were all taking supplements) were at risk of death from any cause than those in group A, who remained deficient in vitamin D.
Link with vitamin D?
Other evidence has linked low blood levels of vitamin D to cardiovascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and chronic kidney disease. The Endocrine Society defines vitamin D deficiency as a blood level of less than 20 nanograms per milliliter (ng / mL), while vitamin D deficiency is 21 to 29 ng / mL. Optimal levels are 30 to 100 ng / mL.
Vitamin D is such a misunderstood vitamin hero that it took a pandemic to show its strength. The Journal of Endocrinology Society also cites that vitamin D deficiency is associated with a higher risk of hospitalization for COVID-19. The study included 80,670 participants in 2 districts in the North West of England. Of these, 1,808 were admitted to hospital with COVID-19, of which 670 died. However, researchers say that widespread measurement of serum 25 (OH) D and treatment of the deficiency or deficiency may reduce this risk.
We also saw in a previous Times Now article how your tongue can indicate if you are dangerously lacking in nutrients from the sun.
The UK’s National Health Scheme (NHS) requires everyone to consider taking a daily vitamin D supplement during fall and winter. “People at high risk of not getting enough vitamin D, all children 1 to 4 years old and all babies (unless they consume more than 500 ml of infant formula per day) should take a daily supplement. throughout the year, “advises the UK. government health agency.
Good sources of vitamin D
When exposed to direct sunlight, most people should be able to make all the vitamin D they need from the sun.
The body creates vitamin D from direct sunlight on the skin when it is outdoors.
Food sources of vitamin D include:
1. Fatty fish – such as salmon, sardines, herring and mackerel
2. Red meat
3. Liver
4. Egg yolks
5. Fortified foods
6. Supplements
7. Sunlight
What hinders or blocks the absorption of vitamin D?
Some factors that can reduce or block its absorption include conditions such as celiac disease, chronic pancreatitis, Crohn’s disease, and cystic fibrosis. These can all affect the intestines, preventing them from absorbing vitamin D from food. A BMI (body mass index) over 30 also hampers the absorption of vitamin D because fat cells trap it. In addition, some kidney disease, liver failure, radiotherapy, bariatric surgery and some drugs like oral steroids, statins, diuretics, etc. may also interfere with the absorption of vitamin D.
Disclaimer: The tips and suggestions mentioned in the article are for general information purposes only and should not be construed as professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor or dietitian before starting a fitness program or making any changes to your diet.
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Posts Tagged ‘The Tale of Sinuhe’
The Oxford World Classics series publishes an edition of an ancient Egyptian collection of tales, ‘The Tale of Sinuhe and Other Ancient Egyptian Poems. 1940-1640 BC
The structure of the title piece caught my eye. First recorded in written form in circa 1875BCE, it was much copied in the preceding three hundred years. The book jacket remarks on the respect with which the Tale was held, for its dramatic scenes and use of a variety of narrative styles.
‘The Tale of Sinuhe’ itself is a relatively short piece, of little over three hundred lines.
After years of civil war and unrest, coup d’état, of wars against the competing claims of Nubians and of Wawat, there followed a settled golden age, where literature also flourished. ‘The Tale of Sinuhe’ is generally regarded as the best of the texts from this middle period, the Twelfth Dynasty. Toby Wilkinson suggests (The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt) that Sinuhe was a commissioned piece to commemorate the settled rule of King Senwosret. It succeeded.
The Tale consists of five sections, clearly marked, and roughly equal in length. The range of writing styles in the piece enriches the reading. By this I mean that the narration embodies the cultural signifiers of the time, and we can begin to share these as we juxtapose our knowledge of our own time with that of our knowledge of the period of the Tale.
Part One opens with what seems to be a funerary inscription, an autobiographical account of the dead man’s life. It tells us that Sinuhe was a ‘Follower’, that is, Retainer, of the Egyptian Royal household.
We then encounter a narrative by Sinuhe that is dated Year thirty, Month three, Day seven; it tells how he was part of the King’s son’s party returning from the lands to the West, that is the north African coastal regions. A messenger from the Royal Court arrived, and Sinuhe overheard the news that the King was dead. The king’s son immediately returned to Court leaving the party behind, uninformed. But Sinuhe had heard, and fled in a panic.
It was nightfall, he hid, travelled South, then East, then North. At one point a man recognised him, but he avoided him, hid again. He made his way to the eastern border of Egypt, travelling by night. Suffering badly from thirst he was rescued by a Syrian who also recognised him. He took care of him, took him in. They travelled up to Byblos, Qedem. He spent six months travelling with the Syrian group, when he was carried off by Amunenshi, another Syrian of higher rank. But he was a Syrian, a non-Egyptian, in fact a barbarian, or so he is also titled, an Asiatic.
Part Two consists of a question and answer section. Amuneshi asked him Why did you come here? Sinuhe replied, and told a wary version of his tale. He reassured Amuneshi that he was no fugitive, he had not been disgraced, was not a wanted man.
Amuneshi’s next question was So how is that land (Egypt)? Sinuhe entered into a huge sell of all the righteous wonders and virtues of Egypt, its culture, and its claims to supremacy. Amuneshi’s reply to this was practical and down to earth.
We are then regaled with a description of all the riches of fruits, oils, cattle, grains of Sinuhe’s new settlement in the land of Iaa. He was honoured, his abilities recognised; he was given Amuneshi’s eldest daughter.
In Part Three we find he had lived there many years, his children grown into tribal warriors; the ruler of the adjoining land of Retjenu relied on him as chief warrior to subdue recalcitrant tribesman. He was very successful; his life was good and he was richly rewarded. And yet, as the Notes point out, he was an outsider, to some extent an inferior. Then the greatest warrior of the land challenged him to a fight for supremacy. Sinuhe won the battle, killed the challenger with the man’s own axe. He was allowed as with all such acts, to seize the man’s cattle, goods, enslave his people etc.
There is a richness of wordplay in the text here, in the use of homophones. The imagery is of cattle as plunder, but also as representing the nomadic people he found himself living amongst.
Following this again, he reminisced: we have moved on many years, and he felt age upon him, and also a desire to return to Egypt. He wondered if the new King would allow him home. The Notes give another clue to structure; the central settings, descriptions and events of the Tale emphasise change in fortunes and health that find parallels with Sinuhe’s collapse earlier.
Part Four consists of letters of correspondence between the King of Egypt and Sinuhe, and Sinuhe and the King. The King remembered him, had no blame for his flight; told of Egypt, how he was remembered, and would welcome him home. Sinuhe in turn effused and offered the King the land of Retjenu, which he had claimed through conquest.
In Part Five we see Sinuhe return to Egypt in splendour, be received with honour, and given an honoured residence, food from the Court, and in time, a tomb according to his rank prepared for him amidst the Royal pyramids.
R B Parkinson in his Introduction emphasises the use of repeated phrasings and events within the Tale. The parallels between the Parts are clearly drawn, and the turn in Part Three well constructed. Throughout Sinuhe’s exile one constant thread is the conflict between the Delta Man: Egyptian, and the barbarian: Asiatic. When Sinuhe killed the challenger, using strategy, skill, he records he asserted his Egyptian identity, whilst the audience cheers sounded more like the cries of beasts, cattle. There are many disparaging comments on the behaviour and ways of the Asiatics – who were after all his wife’s people, and who saved him from death and dishonour. Before the fight the Retjenu ruler commented that his people and the Nile people were never in accord with each other. And so, in Sinuhe’s reply to the King of Egypt he has no hesitation in saying, Retjenu: it is yours. In other words Sinuhe has conquered it for the King. The area of Iaa and Retjenu seem to coincide with modern Lebanon, Syria; in effect Sinuhe has added to Egypt’s dominion lands.
The paralleled contrasts between Part One, his journey out like an outcast, hiding, travelling by night, and Part Five his journey home in splendour are clearly drawn; as also are the use of the question and answer of Part Two, with the use of Royal correspondence in Part Four. Both cover similar grounds: Why are you here? What is it like there (itself a rather dubious question: in times of conquest and expansion, such a question could only mean, Is it worth my having/Have I anything to fear?).
There are many similarities of phrasing between the Parts that also tie them together. In his flight from Egypt (Part One) he recorded how he ran and behaved like a beast and hid from sight, of how he travelled only at night.
In the central Part Three, he began a series of, almost, homilies, about how a fugitive, a man who leaves his land, a man who runs off, behaves, and how he himself by contrast was an honourable man. Sinuhe’s running off was not an act of dishonour, subterfuge; he was not an outlaw, he was out of his mind. He cannot account for his behaviour, either to Amuneshi, or the King.
Several Parts are connected with repeated phrasings, references: in One he mentions how he set out for Byblos and Qedem; in Four the place names are referenced again. Parts Three and Five are linked with references to linen: the clean linen of Iaa, and then the linen of his clothes that are returned back there upon his return to Egypt. In Part One there are two references to being recognised as he fled, this contrasts with being recognised and welcomed by the Royal household (Part Five).
It can be seen from this that there is a complex system of linking images and phrases, rather than a system of straight equivalences. We now begin to see why the Tale was so esteemed.
Part Three opens some years later, with Sinuhe in his prime, his sons grown, and himself the chosen warrior and subduer for the ruler of Retjenu. The section closes after the challenge, again some years later, but with Sinuhe past his prime, declining in years, health and potency. It is a structural paralleling, and as such a well used device.
Sinuhe’s prostration and raising in Part One is neatly paralleled by his prostration before the king in Part Five.
The full referencing of the beginning and end of the tale occurs at the central point. What we have in the challenge is Sinuhe’s felling the challenger with the man’s own axe; the Notes then comment how Sinuhe called on his Egyptian gods. This is sufficient, I think, when we consider that these motifs, images were placed there to be picked up by the listeners to the tale.
There does seem good cause to read each section as a complete sequence in itself, in fact one that is chiasmic in nature, whose beginning and end find common phrasings and/or situations.
Part One begins with a lead-in to the tale. We also find this device used as a lead-out at the very end of the tale also: the funerary inscription mode.
The tale proper begins after this. Part One begins with Sinuhe as part of a company returning – from the Libyan lands.
The end of the sequence of Part One finds find him once more part of a company, and a company that returns to its own territory.
For Sinuhe it is not a return but a departure, the reverse of his first action. The central part seems to occur when Sinuhe is saved from dehydration by the Syrian; he is raised up and revived.
Part Two like Part Four is a complex sequence of seven parts. There is a question and answer sequence which seems to take the form of the ‘Negative Confession’.
The turn around seems to occur in part six, where after Sinuhe’s veiled threats about the might of the Egyptian king, and how it would be wise for the Syrians to pay homage, send conciliatory messages. Amunenshi’s response is not what Sinuhe counseled. In the Notes R B Parkinson comments the response is more down to earth – that is, re-contextualises for him, it emphasises Sinuhe’s delicate position.
Part Three is the well-framed sequence of Sinuhe’s sojourn in Iaa, his marriage and fatherhood, that is, growth to maturity. This is contrasted with his later acknowledged sense of decline in health. The main event is the challenge from the regional warrior.
Part Four we see the epistolary sequence; this is also a quite complex piece where personal, internalised thoughts, and open and external responsibilities and desires play out. The centre here is the acceptance by the new King of Sinuhe’s request to return. The sequence begins much as Part Two with a negative admission, a sequence repeated at the end of the section.
Part Five is full of symbolic and resonant imagery: Sinuhe’s triumphant return to Egypt, to the royal Court, to his rightful place. The turn here is paralleled with Part One’s near-death episode: this time it was the opposite, he was raised up by the King himself.
One of the strongest contrasts drawn is between the events of the night and of the day: it is by night he travels as he flees the country, whilst he disembarks in Egypt on his glorious return at dawn. By night he scurries away, avoids people. By day he is recognised by the Syrian, and saved from dying of thirst; in the daylight he takes on, and conquers, the challenger.
There is also a very striking contrast between the description of the riches of the land of Iaa, and those of Egypt. Iaa.
Iaa is in effect an earthly paradise. He is able to prove his prowess there; his abilities are recognised. Egypt is first described by alluding to the supreme worthiness of the new King, of his might, how he can subdue all others. It is as though Egypt was the residence of the Gods on earth. The earthly paradise pales against the actual paradise of the King.
These last are important points, because they allow us to understand the panic, the flight of Sinuhe. For the people of Egypt at that period it was commanded that they value the King as supreme, and the source of reason; and as the offspring of the Gods, to whom he will return in due time. And so when the King died (the Notes suggest it was an assassination, and that this would be a given reference for the readers) then reason was suddenly extinguished. Sinuhe’s flight was a panic, a consequence of loss of reason. It is as though his wits had been disordered. It is almost a King-Lear-on-the-blasted-heath moment.
He describes how in his flight he crossed a river like a boat with no steering. It was, as we have seen, mostly an act of the night, of chaos, where order and clarity are obscured. Truth, balance, order, morality, law and justice, as one source has it, were the attributes of the goddess Maat. It is at the border of the kingdom he crosses a lake dedicated to Maat. In effect then, by crossing the border he leaves the ordered world behind.
His eventual return is at dawn, where reason and order are restored. Although he and his sons were tribal leaders and warriors amongst the Asiatics, his return to the Royal Court is to be placed once more amongst the children of the King where he began.
Being of ‘common’ stock, this apparently was the highest position he could command in the supreme hierarchy of the King and his Court. The constant referrals to Maat in the text point to these positionings: Maat is often glossed as ‘truth’; the Introduction says that Maat has many meanings, but the most important is that the name expresses the cohesion of the people and their beliefs.
Not a lot of humour, here. And certainly no place for women.
In the Gilgamesh tale, approximately similar time period, women’s roles are crucial to the story.
It is also worth nothing that neither this nor the Gilgamesh tale exist in complete forms, but only as fragments. It may well be that no period’s tale of s readers would recognise the patched-together tales as we now have them.
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Create masks to reveal or hide areas in a design
The Mask effect allows you to create an alpha or luma mask from any object. A mask changes the opacity of lower layers in the timeline to show the area inside of the mask's dimensions. You can also invert a mask and apply other effects to further customize your design.
Caption: Image of a composition before and after applying the Mask effect to a shape.
1. Open a graphic in Titler Pro.
Tip: For details about using Titler Pro with a video editor, see one of the articles in the Add graphics to projects in your video editor section of our help center.
2. Complete the following steps.
• Determine which area of the design you want to show or hide with a mask.
• Determine which layer you will convert to a mask. If necessary, insert a new object for this purpose.
3. If necessary, in the timeline, move the layer that will become a mask above all layers that you want to affect with the mask.
4. Select the layer that you want to convert to a mask.
5. In Attributes > Object > Effects, select Mask from the Blending mode drop-down list. Notice all objects that are outside of the mask's dimensions are no longer visible.
6. To apply additional effects to the mask, mark any of the following checkboxes in the Effects Settings section.
• Mask Single Layer Only: Affects only the layer immediately below the mask, but not any other layers below the mask.
• Mask Uses Luma: Creates an alpha result based on the mask's luminance.
• Invert Mask: Inverts all transparent and opaque layers in relation to the mask.
• Preview Mask: Shows the shape of the mask and its affect on other layers in the preview window.
7. Preview and save your design.
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Sugar Check
Blood Sugar Checker
Check your blood sugar level and see whether it’s in the correct range according to NICE recommendations for type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
How do I use the blood sugar checker?
To use the blood sugar checker, simply:
• Enter your latest blood glucose reading
• Specify whether you have type 1 or type 2 diabetes
• Whether you’ve eaten in the last 2 hours (pre or post meal)
Please note: this tool is not intended to be used by pregnant women.
Why is it important to have blood glucose levels in the right range?
Our bodies are designed to operate at its best when our blood glucose levels are in a specific range.
When blood glucose levels become too low
If our blood glucose levels are too low, our ability to carry out mental and physical tasks becomes compromised.
When blood glucose levels become too high
If our blood glucose levels rise too high, this can have health implications in the short term and the long term.
If our blood sugar levels are consistently too high, it increases the risk of suffering the long term complications of diabetesincluding:
• Retinopathy (retinal damage)
• Nephropathy (kidney disease)
• Neuropathy (nerve damage)
If blood glucose levels go very high, it can become dangerous in the short term.
People with type 1 diabetes may be at risk of developing a serious condition called ketoacidosis if blood glucose levels stay above 14 mmol/l for too long.
For people who take insulin or certain medication that can cause low blood sugar levels (such as sulfonylureas and prandial glucose regulators), it is particularly important to prevent blood glucose levels going too low and causing hypoglycemia.
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Sex linked genes
The term linkage describes the situation where genes or certain characters are located on the same chromosome.
Offspring produced by sexual reproduction show only the parental characteristics and only sometimes few new recombinants.
e. offspring with combinations of characteristics not found in either of the parents due to crossing over in first prophase of meiosis.
Genes are said to be linked when they are located close together on the same chromosome such that they are always inherited together.
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Dyslexia-Stress-Anxiety Connection
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The Dyslexia-Stress-Anxiety Connection Fact Sheet from the International Dyslexia Association (IDA) covers popular topics such as:
• What is stress?
• How can stress be good and bad?
• How does good and bad stress work with dyslexia?
• What is anxiety?
• How is anxiety different from stress?
• What’s the connection to dyslexia?
• How can individuals with dyslexia move from distress to DE-STRESS?
Suggested readings also included.
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Pan and Philemon
Pan and Philemon
In his essay, Alchemy and the Subtle Body of Metaphor, psychologist, Robert D. Romanyshyn, makes the argument that soul is neither mental nor physical, but is “another country, as different from mind as it is from matter” (Romanyshyn 24). It is from this country that Philemon, one of Jung’s imaginal guides, originates. One of the questions Romanyshyn asks is whether Philemon is a projection of Jung’s psyche? The answer is no because Philemon “is neither a factual object in the world (like those stones or those birds can be), nor a subjective idea in Jung’s mind” ( Romanyshyn 29). This is the nature of the region of the middle third between spirit and matter. He concludes that “Philemon…is the subtle body of metaphor” (ibid.). He is not himself a metaphor, but
that kind of presence which a metaphor brings, a figural presence whose texture is neither that of fact nor idea, and a presence which requires of us that delight in and attunement to the play of language and experience (Romanyshyn 30).
Philemon is an autochthonous being, meaning that he originated from the landscape in which he was found to be, i.e. the province of the soul. He is an indigenous inhabitant of what Henry Corbin called, the mundus imaginalis. It is also the origin of all synchronistic events. Romanyshyn goes on to say,
Philemon and his kin rise up out of that void between matter and mind, and in ghostly form, like a mist, announce their presence (Romanyshyn 30).
The consciousness created by embracing the “void between matter and mind” is one that is tuned to the synchronistic field, and it is experienced on a regular basis. It was Jung’s genius, after spending long hours studying alchemy, that restored the principle of synchronicity to the world, after it had been relegated to the scrapyard of history for so long (von Franz 210-211).
Now, we return to Pan. Remember, in the previous article, I attempted to show Hillman’s idea of a connection between Pan and synchronicity. Philemon, like Pan, is an indigenous inhabitant of the world of the middle third, the mundus imaginalis, except that Pan is a god of a higher order. Perhaps Philemon is an agent of Pan. Philemon helped Jung connect his ‘in-here’ with his ‘out-there,’ which is exactly what synchronicity does. Pan is the god of nature, both ‘in-here’ and ‘out-there.’ Hillman says, “it is as if Pan is the answer to the Apollonic question about self-knowledge.” He continues:
What is this awareness and how is it achieved? We have seen all along that Pan is God of both nature ‘in here’ and nature ‘out there‘. As such Pan is the bridging configuration who keeps these reflections from falling into disconnected halves where they become the dilemma of a nature without soul and a soul without nature, objective matter out there and subjective mental processes in here. Pan, and the nymphs, keep nature and psyche together” (Hillman lx).
Now, Pan is not the only archetype, but he is a very important one because he is the god of raw sexuality. We know how much importance Freud attached to sexuality in his theories. It may not be the only issue, but the ubiquitous presence of Pan implies that it is crucial to come to terms with it in the pursuit of self-knowledge.
Pay particular attention to any synchronicities that are of a sexual nature. Pan, like Philemon, may be wanting to bestow upon you greater self-knowledge.
Works Cited
Hillman, James. An Essay On Pan. Pan and the Nightmare. By Wilhelm Heinrich Roscher. Trans. A.V. O’Brien, M.D. New York: Spring, 1972. i-lix.
Romanyshyn, Robert. Alchemy and the Subtle Body of Metaphor. Pathways into the Jungian World: Phenomenology and Analytical Psychology. Ed. Roger Brooke. New York: Routledge, 2000.
Von Franz, Marie-Louise. Psyche and Matter. Boston: Shambhala, 1992.
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If you are wondering about the difference between 3 phase vs single phase AC motors, just remember this. Single phase AC motors usually are powered by a single phase way to obtain power while 3 phase AC motors are powered by a three phase way to obtain power. The single stage alternating current is the most common source of power used by most households and non commercial businesses. It’s the power that can be used to light homes and power TVs in North America. Today, most commercial buildings in the US use the 3 phase alternating electric current motors because of its flexibility an power density. The 3 phase AC engine is particularly common in large businesses including in the production and industrial businesses.
Data centers today have grown to be power intensive, so that they can become able to offer 3 Phase Ac Motor china storage space and computing capabilities. This has resulted in the growth in demand of power supply to meet up the needs of these data centers. The solitary phase alternating current power motor can no longer meet the power needs of the data centers since it requires costly rewiring. Three phase alternating current power engine is economical to provide capacity to data center because it requires less conductor material to supply electrical power. This explains why 3 stage alternating current motor can be used in electric transmission, generation and distribution in most countries globally. The single stage alternating current motor is less reliable and more costly to be utilized in a national electrical power grid compared to 3 phase alternating current motor.
Both 3 phase and single phase ac motors consist of two parts, namely the rotor and stator. The stator is the part of the motor, which is stationary while the rotor is simply the rotating area of the motor.
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Woodworking Woodworking saws
Ripping vs. Cross-Cutting Explained
“You rip a board along the length, and you cross-cut it to length.” This rule gets you straight most of the time. But is exactly true? How do ripping and cross-cuts really differ? Can you do both with the same saws?
This article tells what you need to know about ripping and cross-cutting. Ripping means cutting a piece of wood in the same direction as the grain, i.e. along the grain, while cross-cutting is cutting perpendicular to the grain, i.e. across the grain. Ripping cuts are usually longer than cross-cuts, take less power, have a rougher finish, more prone to blade drift and prefer a chisel-like tooth shape; cross-cuts are shorter, harder, smoother and more precise, and prefer knife-like teeth.
Next, we will go through the main differences between the two cut types, which are also summarized in the table below. If you interested in a deeper understanding of ripping and cross-cutting, read on!
What does Ripping vs. Cross-cutting mean?
A ripping cut into a 2×2 with a table saw
Ripping means splitting a piece of wood in two along the wood grain. Wood grain is the direction of the fibers in the wood, so in ripping you cut “between the fibers”.
Cross-cutting means splitting a piece of wood across the wood grain. A cross-cut cuts right against the wood fibers, and is typically harder than ripping.
Cross-cutting a 2×2 with a miter saw.
Rip/cross-cut and workpiece dimensions
Most lumber has the grain running along the longer dimension of the piece. So with boards, planks and beams, you usually rip along the length of the piece and you cross-cut across the width.
But note that the workpiece dimensions do not define whether a cut is a rip-cut or a cross-cut.
Why is ripping easier than cross-cutting?
Ripping is an intrinsically lighter cut to make since only weak across-fiber bonds in the wood have to be broken. Cross-cutting takes more energy since the strong cellulose wood fibers themselves have to be cut.
An example: Consider how easily an axe splits wood along the grain when you are making firewood, but how much harder it is to cut the tree trunk in felling.
Ripping vs. cross-cutting with a saw?
Ripping cuts with a saw usually take less power than cross-cuts, but the difference is smaller than theoretically expected.
The reason is that most saws must do some fiber-cutting in ripping cuts. How much – depends on the cut orientation and saw tooth geometry.
At a the saw tooth level, the cutting mode is always mixed: there is both fiber-cutting and cutting between fibers going on. Ripping cuts just go typically more between fibers, and cross-cuts more against fibers.
Some ripping cuts can be harder than cross-cuts. An example is chainsaw milling, where the chainsaw chain eats into the wood from the end of the log. The chain top plates are actually cutting wood fiber over and over again.
Which saw for ripping/cross-cutting?
Most saws can do both ripping and cross-cutting, but are often predominantly used for one cut type.
An example of a ripping saw is the table saw, which is mostly used in resizing lumber. A miter saw, on the other hand, is the epitome of a cross-cut saw.
Both table and miter saws can do ripping and cross-cutting. In fact, the saws favor one cut type because of workpiece dimensions, not grain orientation.
The tooth geometry of a general-purpose table saw blade (Bosch GTS 10) is a compromise between ripping and cross-cutting: a slanted chisel, alternating from side to side.
Ripping and cross-cutting saw blades
Ripping cuts and cross-cuts are best done with different slightly different saw tooth geometries.
Ripping cuts favor a chisel-like cutter geometry and large teeth (low TPI). Chisel teeth are efficient in removing material from the bottom of a ripping cut where only weak between-fiber ties are to be broken. The weak ties also allow each tooth to take a deeper cut, for which large widely spaced teeth are optimal.
Cross-cuts favor a knife-like cutter geometry and small teeth (high TPI). Wood fibers need to be cut here on both sides of the kerf, and alternating pointed knife cutters are efficient in doing this. The tough fiber-cutting is best done with smaller teeth and dense spacing.
Saws may be equipped with a blade optimized for ripping or cross-cutting, or both. Most circular saws (table, track, miter) come with a general-purpose blade that is a compromise between ripping and cross-cutting, since changing blades between cuts is not usually practical.
Ripping vs. cross-cutting chain?
Chainsaws can also be fitted with a chain optimized for either cross-cutting or ripping.
Most chainsaw chains are cross-cutting chains; this is the regular or standard chain. The reason is that chainsaws are predominantly used in cross-cuts.
Ripping chains are a specialty chain with application mainly in chainsaw milling. Ripping chains differ from regular chains mainly in a lower sharpening angle between 5 and 10 degrees. Even with a ripping chain, a chainsaw is not a very efficient ripping saw.
For more info on ripping chains, see my earlier article on the topic.
Rip vs. cross-cut in sheet goods?
With sheet goods, ripping and cross-cutting refer to cuts along the sheet length and width, respectively.
Ripping and cross-cutting are actually not properly defined with sheet goods. The reason is that wood-based sheet products have grain running in many directions: plywood has wood grain running in two directions and particleboard has grain running in almost all directions! With plywood, you are always both ripping and cross-cutting at the same time.
The terms ripping and cross-cutting are still used with sheets goods to refer to cuts along the sheet length and width, respectively. That is, a cut is called a rip cut if it goes along the longer axis of the sheet, and a cross-cut if it goes in the shorter direction – regardless of the grain.
Precision in ripping vs. cross-cutting
Dimensional accuracy and surface finish are often lower in ripping cuts than in cross-cuts.
The reason to lower accuracy in ripping is blade drift, which means the tendency of the saw blade to veer to either side during the cut. Blade drift is more common in rip-cuts because these cuts are often oriented slightly oblique to the wood grain. In such situations, a saw blade has a tendency to “follow the grain”, i.e. drift to the same side that the grain is going. Saws with flexible blades (e.g. band saw) are most susceptible; stiffer circular saw blades not so much.
Ripping cut surfaces are often also rougher than cross-cut surfaces. The reason to this is hairy fiber pullout from the cut side as well as easier side-stepping of individual teeth into the “soft” direction of the cut side face.
Ripping cutCross-cut
Means:along grainacross grain
Length (typ.):many ft.1”…12”
Saw types:table saw
band saw
circular saw
miter saw
hand saw
handheld circular saw
Cutting resistance:lowerhigher
Tooth shape:chiselknife
Blade drift:may occurusually none
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Why You Should Avoid PVC Products
Ok, so you know about the potential health implications of
BPA in plastic and you do your best to avoid it. But what about PVC in plastics and other products?
Plastic drinking straws. Photo courtesy of Shutterstock
PVC—polyvinyl chloride, or vinyl—is found in a range of products, from children’s toys to building materials to food packaging.
Healthy Child Healthy World describes PVC as the most toxic plastic, and vinyl chloride, the chemical used to make PVC, has been described as a known carcinogen by the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer.
serious health effects. Besides health problems, there are a number of negative environmental impacts from the production and use of this material, such as problems in disposing of PVC, which is very difficult to recycle. There are other consequences you might not have even thought about.
Greenpeace lists the following 10 reasons to avoid PVC:
1. Hazardous production
2. Environmental racism
3. Toxic additives
4. Catastrophic accidents
5. Terrorist targets
6. Dangerous cargo
7. No safe use
8. Unsafe disposal
9. Problematic recycling
10. Safer cost-effective alternatives are widely available
This infographic created by Mary-Anne Phillips highlights the dangers of PVC:
Credit: openhouse
How might you be exposed to PVC? The
U.S. National Library of Medicine offers the following list of potential sources:
• You can be exposed to PVC by eating food or drinking water contaminated with it. At home, you can be exposed to PVC if you have PVC pipes, vinyl flooring or other consumer products made with PVC. You can be exposed if your home has vinyl siding or if you are building or renovating your home. Exposure may occur through food packaging and containers or “shrink wrapped” packages.
• You can be exposed to PVC outdoors if you have a plastic swimming pool or plastic furniture. You can be exposed if you live or work on a farm that has an irrigation system containing PVC.
• You can be exposed to PVC if you are a patient in a hospital and use medical devices made with PVC.
• At work, you can be exposed to PVC if you work in a facility that manufactures PVC pipes and pipe fittings, tubing and other building and construction products. You can be exposed if you work in a facility that manufactures vinyl chloride, BPA or phthalates. You can be exposed if you are a plumber, home builder, construction worker, health care professional, farmer or worker in an auto manufacturing facility or repair shop.
While that lists sounds daunting, there are ways to protect yourself from the dangers of PVC .
On packaging, look for the #3 or the letters PVC, often found near the recycling symbol—and avoid these products.
Center for Health, Environment and Justice, which calls PVC the most environmentally harmful plastic, has created a list of common products—in categories such as apparel, kitchen items and office supplies—that are made from or packaged in PVC. The organization also created the following table of PVC-free alternatives to common materials.
Credit: Center for Health, Environment and Justice
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New Study Shows That Coffee May Not Dehydrate
Everyone’s heard at least one of the many coffee myths out there at some point or another. Some of the most popular include how the beverage can stunt growth, give you the jitters and act as a diuretic. However, a new study has found that the belief that coffee causes dehydration can be categorized as a myth. If you stay up late to work on your online culinary courses, you might want to grab a cup of joe.
Coffee may actually hydrate
The study was conducted by researchers at University of Birmingham in the U.K. They studied the hydration of 50 men, all of whom drank about three to six cups of coffee a day on a regular basis. Research was conducted in two phases that lasted 3 days each. In the first phase, the men drank coffee as their main source of hydration, then switched to water in the second phase.
At the end of the six days, researchers found no difference in the hydration levels of the men between the two phases. Total body hydration, body mass measurement and urine volume all remained the same.
Building a tolerance
Regular coffee drinkers can even build a tolerance to the effects of caffeine in the same way regular alcohol consumers learn to tolerate the beverage. If you drink coffee all the time, you may have noticed that it doesn’t keep you up at night or ceases to give you jitters.
“It’s well understood that if you drink coffee habitually you can develop a tolerance to the potential diuretic effects of coffee,” Sophie Killer, a doctoral researcher at Birmingham and study author, told National Public Radio.
Those who have several cups a day don’t have to worry about diuretic effects of caffeine or dehydration. However, don’t go replacing water with coffee during physical activity. Doctors still recommend water or sports drinks as the leading hydration options during sports.
Coffee benefits
So coffee isn’t as bad for you and your hydration as you may once have thought. Not only that, but the dark beverage even comes with some benefits. First of all, coffee contains antioxidants, which fight free radicals in the body.
Coffee also increases metabolism, helping your body burn more calories. However, you will only receive this benefit after your third cup of the day – and if you consume that amount regularly, you may have built a tolerance to the effects.
A study published in Nature Neuroscience concluded that caffeine even improves long-term memory. Participants were given placebo or caffeine pills and asked to look at a series of images. Those with the caffeine pills were able to identify the images better the following day than those who took the placebo.
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International Women's Day
International Women's Day
Encourage women to overcome exercise barriers this International Women's Day
Considering International Women's Day this Thursday, 8th March, Exercise & Sports Science Australia (ESSA) is encouraging all women to put themselves first and recognise the significant benefits that physical activity can have on their overall health and well-being.
In 2014-15, 35% of females aged 15 and over were sedentary, accounting for over three million female Australians.
'Per the Australian Health Survey, females of all ages have lower physical activity levels than males. We know that physical activity plays a vital role in positively managing life's physical, mental and social challenges, and we must address any perceived barriers to be able to influence women to overcome them," said Anita Hobson-Powell, ESSA Chief Executive Officer.
The International Women's Day campaign aims to make a positive difference for women and ESSA is taking this day to remind women of the positive effects exercise can haveon their physical and mental health and encouraging them to not let these barriers stand in the way of them being active.
When speaking with every-day Australian women, it appears the two biggest barriers for not maintaining a healthy lifestyle were -lack of time' and -their health not being a priority'.
'I feel like I am better at coping with life's challenges when I exercise regularly. I think more clearly, my outlook is more positive, and I have more energy," explained Accredited Exercise Physiologist, Lisa Vincze.
'Doing some physical activity is better than doing no physical activity at all, and when I don't feel like I can do a workout because I have no time or I'm too stressed, I actively repeat those three things to myself to remind myself of how much better I feel after exercise," Ms Vincze added.
Think about all your potential barriers and the solutions to overcome them before they happen:
- Schedule your exercise for when children are sleeping or at day care, or when someone else is around to help you and watch them for a short period.
- Surround yourself with support. This may include a partner, family, friends or childcare services.
- Schedule exercise appointments, as you would schedule any other compulsory appointments – make them non-negotiable.
- Don't take the 'all or nothing" approach. Some exercise is better than no exercise at all, so even if you can only squeeze in a 15-minute walk opposed to your planned 60-minute workout – don't feel disheartened.
It's important to always consult an exercise professional, such as an Accredited Exercise Physiologist or Accredited Exercise Scientist, before beginning any new exercise routine. They can create an individualised exercise plan that suits your uniqueness and time schedules.
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Mongol’s Secret Story
Mongols’ Secret Story derives from an anonymous poem dating back to 1240, that is some years after Gengis Khan’s death and it represents the most ancient literary work written in the Mongolian language that arrived to us. It has been called “secret” not because of a content full of scandals and misteries, but because it had been conceived only for Mongolians, so for inside readers and not to make it public to foreigners. The reason of such a discretion is due to the fact that the story of Gengis Khan’s Mongolian empire did not have a noble and elegant tradition as that of other contemporary empires and civilizations such as Persian and Chinese ones, that could already boast an ancient and developed history of civilization and culture.
The original Mongolian work has been lost as time went by; what we have is a Chinese translation and a copy of the Mongolian text written in Chinese ideograms, both dating back more or less to 1370.
From a literary point of view, the Secret Story consists of a prose work with many passages made up of rhythmical epic cantos. These passages are probably the most ancient core, since they derive from oral tradition and, almost surely, they were used as songs during nomads’ celebrations and meetings. We can assume that the author knew these songs by heart and that he got them by his people’s bard singers. The situation and the characters that the literary work narrates are almost of the author’s days while the metrical scheme, the terms and the style belong to a more ancient tradition.
In Central Asia everything could happen: the huge territory was as big as a big choppy sea and its cultural horizon was very extended and diversified. We must remember that that zone was crossed by the Silk Route (or by many Silk Routes) and by many other commercial ones. Buddhism spread from India to China and Japan and, in that same direction, carrying behind Graeco-Roman art (the art from Ghandara). Manichaeism that had been banished from Western countries, spread on the same routes; in fact, in 763 the Uiguri’s monarch (aTurkish Muslim ethnic group who lived in the North-West of China) converted to that religion and made it the State religion. Also Nestorian Christianity had many followers; its dioceses spread all over Central Asia up to China; Islam set up in Asia starting from the 8th century at the expense of early shamanic religions.
The country that we call Mongolia took this name only from the 11th century A.D. Before, it could only be called Turkestan, a Turkish land, since one of the great ethnic and language groups coming from Asia was composed by Huns, Turks, Mongols, Uiguri, Kirghisi etc. Mongols arrived in that area coming from the North-East. Their origin was a group who had settled at the boundary of Manchuria and Siberia. These people were warriors and they took advantage of a power vacuum to impose themselves. Most probably their migration would have overlapped any other population that, as time went by, was migrating into the endless Asian plain if, inside its group, were not born one of the most famous and most powerful leader in history: Temujin, better known as Gengis Khan.
The Secret Story is, first of all, a biography of Temujin and it represents the epic of the Mongolian national hero. It is also an essential source for the historical and anthropological reconstruction of the Mongolian civilization, starting from the most ancient ages up to Gengis Khan’s kingdom and that of his third son Ogodei who also became a leader and Great Khan of the Mongolian empire.
Gengis Khan, or Cinngis Qayan or Cingis Qan, thanks to his tactical abilities and to the military Engineers Corps succeded in unifying the different Mongolian tribes of that period and conquered Central Asia, China, Russia and part of Western Europe, therefore creating a short term but very wide empire. He reorganized politics and the Estate administration of which Marco Polo left us a very detailed description in his “Milione”, but when he died, the Empire was devided into four parts and left to his sons.
As the Secret Story narrates, the first years of Temujin’s life were very hard; he was left an orphan during his childhood, he was turned out from his tribe and grew up among family blood feuds and all kinds of brutalities. When he was twenty, he started carrying off military victories against his enemies and, from that moment on, he succeeded in consolidating his own prestige and hurling himself at conquest campaigns far from Mongolia.
His contemporaries must have considered him as a terrible calamity. The method used by Mongols to conquer lands was very cruel: cities were set on fire, inhabitants were slaughtered, harvests were destroyed. Maybe this was partially due to their instinctive cruelty and to the hard life that they were used to lead or to a very simple “political vision” that pushed them to try to extend the steppe everywhere, being this the best environment (habitat) for their survival.
However, Gengis Khan made sure of having the conquest followed by a period of pacification and reorganization. In the extended lands that he had conquered, he did his best to create a state where, for more than one hundred years, nomads, farmers and people coming from the cities lived together in peace, in a medley of races among which Mongols, Chinese, Persians, Russians and of religions: Buddhists, Muslims, Christians and shamans coming from the steppes.
Up to the middle of XIVth century there was a sort of transnational unity that connected Europe to Central Asia, Persia and Siberia and, as a consequence, a profitable and flourishing exchange of goods, of ideas, arts and religions.
Eastern and Western Countries have never been so close, well connected and safe for travelers, also thanks to very well organized post houses; most probably, it’s for this reason that, at that time, Marco Polo crossed the continent many times. One of Mongols’ pride was that “a traveling virgin could cross Khan’s dominions without being in danger.”
When the Mongolian empire declined, minor nations invaded again and they shattered into pieces Asia and the States; religion became an obstacle and, nowadays, it is more difficult to travel on the ancient Silk Route than it was at that time.
Translation by Paola Roveda (edited by Sara Di Girolamo)
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Why do you need a special health plan for diabetes?
Diabetes is spreading rapidly in India. It has affected both urban and rural populations. India has the largest number of diabetes patients in the world. Once this disease occurs, people have to take many precautions and precautions and have to eat medicines regularly and regularly. Therefore, an affordable and comprehensive diabetes-specific health plan means a lot to people suffering from diabetes. If someone in your family has had diabetes before, it makes sense to take a diabetes special health plan before it happens. Because if someone in your family has this disease, then your chances of getting it also increase.
Diabetes can be controlled with early detection of diabetes-related symptoms and timely treatment. But if you are already suffering from diabetes and do not have a health insurance plan, then you will need a diabetes-specific health insurance plan. Through this article we are going to tell you why you need a special health insurance plan for diabetes.
What is diabetes?
Diabetes is a disease in which the amount of insulin inside the body decreases. In this, it reduces the insulin production inside the body or the body is unable to use the insulin present. Once this disease occurs, it is very difficult to recover completely. Usually people are able to control it. There is also a risk of other diseases from this disease.
Why is there a need for a special health insurance plan for diabetes?
You need a special health insurance plan for diabetes based on the following reasons –
Metabolic syndrome – Diabetes is a type of metabolic syndrome. Due to this, the possibility of many other diseases increases and the risk remains. This affects your whole body.
Risk of cardio diseases Having diabetes increases the risk of heart related diseases like stroke, attack etc.
If someone has type-2 diabetes, they are more likely to have Alzheimer’s, because blood sugar in it becomes uncontrolled.
Kidney Patients with diabetes are also at risk of kidney-related diseases and kidney failure. This disease is called slow death. Therefore, if one becomes diabetic once, then he should be very careful and should take special health insurance for diabetes.
Diabetes health insurance market in India
According to a recently released WHO report, most people with diabetes are in our country. Currently more than 5% of the population suffers from this disease. These data suggest that most people lack awareness and financial support to deal with complications arising due to diabetes. Diabetes is a type of genetic disease and it has become a major disease due to our changing lifestyle. If you are a diabetic and want to buy a health plan, your current medical condition will be listed as pre-existing diseases. There is some waiting period for pre-existing diseases, which can range from 9 months to a few years. If the insurance company feels that your health condition is serious, it may also reject your insurance application. Various top insurance companies in India are providing diabetes care plans. These schemes are mainly designed to suit the special needs of customers and to provide cover for medical emergencies arising from diabetes. Diabetes specific health plans are more comprehensive than general health insurance plans, which help you deal with complications related to diabetes.
Affordable health cover
Diabetes was exempted from coverage in India for many years. But due to the rise in health problems related to diabetes, insurance companies are coming up with plans that are specially designed for patients with diabetes. A diabetes special health plan provides cover for treatment and its medication, which is important to manage and prevent future complications. Increasing diabetes carries the risk of other diseases, so diabetic patients need to be treated early. It is very important to get an adequate and affordable health insurance plan for proper management of this disease and to prevent other problems arising from it, regular care for treatment and consultation of doctors. But before buying these plans, you should pay attention to the waiting period, cover amount, policy terms etc. Also, you should choose a better plan for yourself by comparing different schemes.
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What is the Purpose of a Slug?
What is the Purpose of a Slug
Slugs – as gardeners they can be your nemesis and the sight of them can instantly be disheartening. So, what is the purpose of a slug? Are there any benefits to having slugs in the garden or is it all doom and gloom?
A slug’s purpose is to keep the ecosystem intact by being food for other animals. They are an important part of the food chain.
Are Slugs Helpful?
Slugs have a bad reputation when it comes to the gardening community. But, since they exist in the world, there has to be some benefit to them, surely?
Slugs are beneficial to the environment in various ways:
Slugs are Prey for Others
The first benefit which slugs provide is by being the prey of animals. Slugs live in gardens which are areas of high moisture. Therefore, these slimy pests are prey to animals that are found in moist, damp conditions.
Slugs are known to hide under rocks, foliage and small places. Therefore, animals like hedgehogs and frogs in gardens will eat slugs. If you have chickens or ducks you’ll also find that they’ll eat slugs.
You may be surprised to hear that slugs are high in protein and are packed with nutrients they provide to animals. This is why they are an important part of the food chain.
Slugs Eat Rubbish
As a gardener, you might see slugs as the devil. They eat your plants and vegetables and that’s it. Well, slugs also consume other things.
Slugs are known for eating dead matter and dying vegetation. Slugs are actually important decomposers of the environment. Slugs will clean your garden and get rid of dying plants, dead organisms and even animal faeces.
Slugs are Pollinators
This final point can be a huge surprise to some gardeners. Slugs are pollinators… Really? But it’s true that slugs, like many insects and animals, can act as a pollinator. There are different types of pollination.
Much like how the wind pollinates some plants, slugs can also help pollination by moving seeds throughout the garden. They do this when consuming garden matter before excreting it elsewhere.
Are Slugs Harmful?
With benefits com drawbacks and it’s safe to say the list of negatives for slugs is quite extensive – especially for gardeners. So why are slugs harmful?
Slugs Damage Plants
You know, as a gardener, just how much damage slugs can do to your plants. Slugs move notoriously slowly but they certainly don’t take their time when it comes to munching through your plants.
Whether it’s freshly planted salvias, established brassicas or lettuce leaves – slugs aren’t fussy. They’ll happily eat their way through a range of plants before those plants have time to recover. The end result is a dead plant or inedible vegetables.
Slug Damage
Slugs Ruin Roots
Slugs not only cause trouble above the ground, but they also cause damage beneath it. Slug damage is not limited to the leaves but to the roots which are underground.
If slugs begin to eat roots of plants, they will damage the foundation and weaken it. But the main issue here is that the damage is invisible and you won’t know the damage has taken place until it is too late.
Slugs Destroy Bulbs
Bulbs, much like roots, are also at risk of slug damage. Slugs consume the bulbs and are vulnerable to slug attacks, especially when freshly planted before it has had time to become large and established.
Again, the damage isn’t visible above ground until it is too late when the bulb begins to bloom and the resulting plant is lacklustre.
Slugs Carry Parasites
Although it’s unlikely that you will eat a slug yourself, there is a risk that a child or a pet will eat a slug. Not all slugs carry the lungworm parasite but many do and this parasite can cause harm to anyone who consumes it.
This goes to show that slugs aren’t just frustrating to gardeners but can, in fact, be dangerous.
Are a Few Slugs Dangerous?
If you have a few slugs, you may think it is not much of a problem. However, having a few slugs will attract more and more slugs. Before you know it, your garden will be inundated with these slimy pests and trying to resolve the issue becomes an impossible challenge.
Although a few slugs are unlikely to cause widespread damage across your garden, it’s best to nip it in the bud before it’s too late.
If you need help on how to get rid of slugs in the garden, then check out our ultimate guide here.
Slugs, do nothing but cause damage in the garden, right? Not quite, there is actually a purpose to the humble slug and they do bring some benefits to the environment. They are a vital food source for many animals, especially hedgehogs and frogs. They can consume unwanted detritus and can even pollinate some plants.
However, as a gardener, you know full well that slugs can cause extensive damage to your garden. They will eat leaves, roots and bulbs and can destroy entire vegetable gardens.
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10th Class Mathematics Real Numbers Real Number
Real Number
Category : 10th Class
• Rational numbers: Numbers which can be written in the form of\[\frac{p}{q}(q\ne 0)\], where p and q are integers, are called rational numbers.
Note: Every terminating decimal and non-terminating repeating decimal can be expressed as a rational number,
• Irrational numbers: Numbers which cannot be written in the form of \[\frac{p}{q}\]where p and q are integers and q ^ 0 are called irrational, numbers. Numbers which are not rational are called irrational numbers.
• Real numbers: The rational numbers and the irrational numbers together are called real numbers. Both rational & irrational numbers real line on number line.
Note: Any number that can be represented on a number line is called a real number.
• Lemma: A proven statement which is used to prove another statement is called a lemma.
• Euclid’s division lemma: For any two positive integers ‘a’ and ‘b’, there exist whole numbers ‘q’ and ‘r’ such that \[a=bq+r,0\le r<b\]
This is an extension of the idea:
Dividend = Divisor x quotient + Remainder
(a) (b) (q) (r)
Remainder ‘r’ is always less than divisor (b) (This is basic principle of mathematics).
Note: Euclid’s division algorithm is stated only for positive integers, but can be extended/or all negative integers.
• Algorithm: An algorithm is a process of solving particular problems.
• Euclid’s division algorithm is used to find the Highest Common Factor (H.C.F.) of two numbers.
• Following is the procedure for finding H.C.F. using Euclid’s division algorithm: Suppose the two positive numbers are ‘a’ and ‘b’, such that a > b. Then the H.C.F. of ‘a’ and ‘b’ can be found by following the steps given.
(a) Apply the division lemma to find ‘q’ and ‘r’ where \[a=bq+r,0\le r<b\].
(b) If r = 0, then\[H.C.F.\,\,is\,\,b.\,\,If\,\,r\ne 0\], then apply Euclid's lemma to find ‘b’ and ‘r’.
• Continue steps (a) and (b) till r = 0. The divisor at this state will be H.C.F. (a, b). Also, H.C.F. (a, b) = H.C.F. (b, r).
• Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic: Every composite number can be expressed as a unique product of prime numbers. This is also called the prime factorization theorem.
Note: (i) The order in which the prime factors occur is immaterial.
In general, any composite number x, can be expressed as a product of prime numbers
Elementary Question: 1
Find HCF of 6 and 16.
Also verify that HCF of 18 and 48 is 3 times HCF of 6 and 16.
Sol.: 6 and 16: \[6=2\times 3\]
\[16=2\times 2\times 2\times 2\text{ }\therefore {{\left( HCF \right)}_{1}}=2\]
• and 48: \[18=2\times 3\times 3;\] \[48=2\times 2\times 2\times 2\times 3\]
\[\therefore {{(HCF)}_{2}}=2\times 3=6;\] \[\therefore {{\left( HCF \right)}_{2}}=\text{ }3\times {{\left( HCF \right)}_{1}}\]
Elementary Question: 2
Do the above problem by Euclid is division algorithm.
• C.M. of \[\frac{a}{b}\] and \[\frac{c}{d}=\frac{L.C.M.\,\,of\,\,a\,\,and\,\,c}{H.C.F.\,\,of\,\,b\,\,and\,\,d}=\frac{L.C.M.\,\,(a,c)}{H.C.F.\,\,(b,d)}.\]
• Some Important Result on Natural Numbers
• \[1+2+3+----------+n=\frac{n(n+1)}{2}\]
• \[{{1}^{2}}+{{2}^{2}}+{{3}^{2}}+----------+{{n}^{2}}=\frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}\]
• \[{{1}^{3}}+{{2}^{3}}+{{3}^{3}}+----------+{{n}^{3}}={{\left[ \frac{n(n+1)}{2} \right]}^{2}}\]
• \[{{x}^{n}}+{{y}^{n}}\] is divisible by \[\left( x\text{ }+y \right)\]if n is odd.
• \[{{x}^{n}}-{{y}^{n}}\]is divisible by \[\left( x\text{ }-\text{ }y \right)\] for all values of n.
• If a number is divisible by m and n, then it is always divisible by the LCM of m and n.
Other Topics
Notes - Real Number
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Jews in Bais Par'oh (Shemos)
Growing Pains
based on the Torah of R' Yochanan Zweig, shlita
It happened in those days that Moshe grew up and went out to his brethren and saw their burdens... (Shemos 2:11)
This week's parsha introduces Pharaoh's scheme and implementation of the Jewish enslavement. The Torah also discusses Moshe's birth and development, and how he came to be the greatest prophet and leader of the Jewish people.
It is well known that Moshe grew up in Pharaoh's house. Rashi (ad loc) explains that not only did Moshe grow into adulthood, he grew in stature as well. As Rashi explains, "Pharaoh appointed him over his household ('beis Pharaoh')." Rashi by the Aseres Hadibros (20:2) explains that the Jewish slaves were owned directly by Pharaoh and were part of 'beis Pharaoh.' Thus, Pharaoh took the innovative step of appointing Moshe over his fellow Jews.
This was no accident. Many tyrants and despots appoint members of the victim class over the other victims. In fact, in Egypt the "shotrim" were Jewish officers appointed over the other slaves in Egypt to violently enforce quotas (which the shotrim refused to do). Similarly, cruel kapos were the method used by the Nazis to control prisoners in the concentration camps.
Theoretically, this is brilliant. It naturally pits members of the oppressed class against one another and breeds mistrust and deception; thereby destroying the unity of the group - exactly what it is supposed to achieve. Pharaoh also added an insidious twist: By appointing Moshe over them, Pharaoh was showcasing what a Jew can aspire to if he abandons his culture and becomes fully Egyptian.
But Pharaoh underestimated Moshe. He expected Moshe to sympathize with them and, at most, perhaps even advocate for better treatment. Yet Rashi makes a remarkable comment on the words "and he saw their burdens" (2:11); "He focused his eyes and heart to be distressed over them." Moshe didn't merely sympathize and feel pity for them, Moshe empathized with them. Sympathy is merely seeing someone's pain and feeling bad for them; however, empathy is a vicarious experience of what another is going through.
Rashi is telling us that Moshe focused his eyes and heart to see what the slaves saw and feel what the slaves felt; he was seeing their situation from their perspective. In fact, Moshe later uses this understanding in his conversations with Hashem. This is probably one of the reasons Moshe was asked by Hashem to fill the role he did.
This is also why Moshe is sentenced to death for killing the Egyptian. On the face of it, this seems a little strange. A prince growing up in the house of a king rarely would be subject to such justice. But once Moshe kills the Egyptian because of what he did to a "lowly" Jew he undermines Pharaoh's vision for his position in the palace - therefore he must flee for his life.
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Dir.ChangePart of Dir module
Syntax Dir.Change (directoryPathName : string)
Description Dir.Change changes the execution directory to that specified by the parameter directoryPathName. This is the equivalent of doing a cd in UNIX.
Under Microsoft Windows, specifying a drive in the directoryPathName parameter causes the drive to become the default drive (unlike the DOS cd command).
Details If the Dir.Change call fails, then Error.Last will return a non-zero value indicating the reason for the failure. Error.LastMsg will return a string which contains the textual version of the error.
Example This program changes to the directory called /usr/west and then lists the current directory.
Dir.Change ("/usr/west")
if Error.Last = eNoError then
put "Directory changed"
put "Did not change the directory."
put "Error: ", Error.LastMsg
end if
put "The current execution directory is ", Dir.Current
Example An example demonstrating the use of several of the Dir subprograms is available. In this example, a directory is created, a file is written to the directory, an attempt is made to delete the directory, the file is deleted, and then the directory is deleted.
This example demonstrates the use of Dir.Change, Dir.Current, Dir.Create, and Dir.Delete.
Status Exported qualified.
This means that you can only call the function by calling Dir.Change, not by calling Change.
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Commercially ready anode-free sodium-metal battery developed in US
Tue, 05/25/2021 - 11:01 -- Paul Crompton
Commercially ready anode-free sodium-metal battery developed in US
A US team from the Washington University in St. Louis has developed a stable sodium-ion coin cell that could one day replace lithium-ion batteries.
The ‘cheaper and smaller’ technology uses a thin layer of copper foil on the anode side of the battery as the current collector.
Taking into account only the active materials, the energy density of the tested coin cells were in the range of 310-340 Wh/kg.
For the 100 cycles, the team tested at 2C-rate and 3C-rate with the cells showing a >99.9% capacity retention rate per cycle, which projects the cells can run for more than 200 cycles before reaching 80% of the initial capacity.
The technology is ready for commercial tests and optimisation, say the team.
In the anode-free battery the ions are transformed into a metal where they plate themselves onto the copper foil, before dissolving when returning to the cathode.
The research was published 3 May in the journal Advanced Science.
Previously, anode-free batteries were unstable, and grew dendrites that were attributed to the reactivity of the alkali metals involved, namely sodium.
The technology was made in the laboratory of Peng Bai, assistant professor in the university’s Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering in the McKelvey School of Engineering.
Bai told BEST: “Our focus here was the anode, which by itself (in a control cell) can run for more than 7,000 hours without degradation.
“But we need a better cathode to make the anode-free full cell to achieve longer cycle life.
“Once the optimised cathode material, either from us or from another research group or company, is identified the technology will be ready for commercialisation. It doesn't require any special facilities other than what people currently use for lithium-ion batteries.”
He added: “Our demonstration shows that in terms of energy density it is comparable to lithium-ion batteries. So wherever people want to lower the cost of their lithium-ion batteries, they can use this anode-free sodium battery. They would not notice performance differences, but save a lot of money.”
The cost-saving for manufacturing the anode-free sodium (Na) battery comes from three aspects: the anode material (no need for anode materials like graphite); anode processing (no need to fabricate the graphite anode laminate); and the cathode material (Na-based materials are cheaper than lithium-based materials for synthesizing the cathode).
The concept of replacing lithium with sodium and removing the anode isn’t new, but the problem has been developing an anode-free battery with a reasonable lifetime, said Bai.
Bingyuan Ma, the paper’s first author and a doctoral student in Bai’s laboratory, said: “In our discovery, there are no dendrites; the deposit is smooth, with a metal luster.
Watching the battery in action, the researchers saw shiny, smooth deposits of sodium, which eliminates morphological irregularities that can lead to the growth of dendrites.
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Wellwest POSTUREPLUS Program Injury prevention
We believe that prevention is the best cure. This program contains easy to follow advice to help you prevent serious spinal pain and injury. The information relating to standing posture can be practiced anywhere, for instance while you are waiting in the queue at the supermarket. The advice relating to seated posture will hopefully dispel the myth that a rigid upright posture is good, maintaining such a posture for hours will lead to fatigue, slumping and pain.
Practice makes perfect. Perfect posture all the time is difficult to achieve but don't give up as every small change helps. Research has shown that a habit takes 21 repetitive actions to form. So just relax and use the advice as often as is practicable. This advice is designed to be safe for adults, children and those that are pregnant. However, if there is any pain while following the advice, stop and consult with us before proceeding further.
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Examples of: POOR Standing Posture
LEFT: Commonly called hanging off the ligaments because the muscles of the legs, stomach and back are not active leaving only the ligaments to support the body. This posture is common also amongst those that are pregnant, in these cases the increased weight at the front means one naturally tries to lean backwards to counter balance oneself. Ligaments are low in elasticity and over time will lengthen causing instability of the joints. Note how the hips are forward, the knees locked out and the lower back is highly arched at the base.
RIGHT: A slumping forward posture often adopted by teenagers. Again this creates similar problems but in different areas. There is minimal muscle engagement and the shoulders round forwards, over time shortening the chest musculature and severely compromising the breathing mechanics. Reduced shoulder movement means the head has to extend upwards to keep the eyes level (a survival instinct), compressing the joints at the base of the neck, which frequently leads to headaches.
How to Easily Achieve: GOOD Standing Posture
LEFT: Bring the tailbone underneath you towards the front of the body, bend the knees, rock slightly onto the heels evenly and activate the stomach muscles. For demonstration purposes only the pictures illustrate a highly exaggerated version of the posture desired. In reality a difference of a few degrees change or just a slight change in posture can reduce lower back loading signifi cantly and reduce the propensity for back pain.
RIGHT: Another way of achieving the same objective is to bring one leg slightly in front of the other, again with both knees bent. Swap weight bearing legs occasionally. Alternatively, place the front leg on a slight raised surface, about the size of a phone book. These both have the effect of bringing the tailbone underneath you and decreasing loading on the base of the spine.
Examples of: POOR Sitting Posture
Slumping forwards has a number of negative effects on the spine, from increasing disc pressure to dangerously high levels to compressing the nerves at the base of the neck, giving headaches. Constantly staying in one position for many hours will worsen the situation. The hip flexor muscles will also shorten if a prolonged static sitting posture is adopted which may affect the lower back adversely.
How to Achieve: GOOD Sitting Posture
Sitting posture is predominantly upright, incorporating frequent movements and breaks every 30 minutes. Body weight is evenly distributed on the seat. A chair should be of sufficient height to allow both feet to be placed on the floor and backrests and armrests can also relieve spinal pressure but they should not be used continuously. A desk and computer screen should be at a height, which allows the body to maintain its upright neutral positioning. The computer mouse should be suffi ciently close to prevent overreaching forwards.
POOR & GOOD Driving Posture
LEFT: A typical driving posture adopted by many of us especially after driving for a long period. The shoulders fall forwards and to compensate the neck extends upwards to keep the eyes level, again compressing the nerves at the back of the head. If this position is adopted for a prolonged period it is likely headaches and lower back pain will occur. Similarly, we often lean on the window ledge which introduces twists into the spine which can cause pain.
RIGHT: The back is straighter, shoulders are back and the neck is 'long' with the chin positioned towards the chest. The lower back is pressed against the seat support to reduce stress on the lumbar segments. Again frequent movements and breaks are advised. Try not to lean on the window ledge for prolonged periods in order to keep the spine in a fairly 'neutral' position most of the time.
How to reduce the risk of Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) while sitting
LEFT: Top of forearm stretch. Straighten one arm in front of you then rotate the hand out to the same side of the body while bending it up towards the outside shoulder. Then place the other hand on top so hands are clasped together. Then increase rotation inwards while pulling the top hand up.
RIGHT: Bottom of forearm stretch. Pull back on one hand with the other to lengthen the underside of the arm. Hold for the count of 20. Repeat both sides. Do not over-stretch, a good posture while gently stretching is more beneficial than the distance travelled.
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‘China’s Atlantis’ 2,000-year-old ancient city found 40 metres below lake by divers
Known as the Qiandao Lake, the freshwater stream is located in Chun’an County, Zhejiang, and was formed after the completion of the Xin’an River hydroelectric station. The valley was flooded more than six decades ago to create the lake, but in the process, the city of Shicheng was submerged at the foot of Wu Shi Mountain. It is believed to have been built during the Eastern Han Dynasty, between 25AD and 200AD and YouTube channel ‘Simply Scuba’ detailed how it got its nickname as “China’s Atlantis” during their mini-documentary.
The series revealed: “Submerged beneath the waters in China hides a forgotten necropolis thought to be lost to the waves of time.
“This sunken civilisation was eventually rediscovered.
“This is Lion City, China’s Atlantis – a relic of a bygone era, sacrificed to the change of time.
“In 1959 a hydroelectric dam was completed creating Quinn Dao Lake, which flooded more than 1,300 villages and tens of thousands of acres of land, and forced 290,000 people to relocate.
“It also sank an important part of Chinese history.”
The video went on to explain how the city was discovered once again in the 21st century.
It added: “In 2001 the ancient city was rediscovered, submerged between 26 and 40 metres under the surface is Shicheng, also known as Lion City.
“Shicheng was once the political and economic hub of the region. This city was huge and had five entrance gates, as opposed to the traditional four.
“It is a maze of buildings with 265 archways, large streets, wooden beams and stairs.
“Surprisingly, despite its incredible age and even after spending decades submerged in water, the city is amazingly preserved.
“This is because it was hidden from the effects of the Sun and the damage of the ever-changing weather.”
The channel, which provides advice to divers on the best spots around the world, detailed what viewers could expect to find at Lion City.
It continued in 2017: “Exquisite stonework of dragons, phoenixes and lions are largely intact and some of the architecture inscriptions and characters date back to 1777 and the city walls to the 16th century.
“This time capsule offers a glimpse into Chinese history, much of the city still remains unmapped, so who knows what else will be found.
“In 2011 it was acknowledged for its historical elements and relics and came under the protection of the Zhejiang province.
“Due to its remote location there are very few dive operators and visibility varies greatly in the lake.”
More than 1,000 large islands dot Qiandao Lake and a few thousand smaller ones are scattered across more than 221 square miles.
Over 90 percent of the area is forested and the islands include Bird Island, Snake Island, Monkey Island and Lock Island.
Source: Read Full Article
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Loren on the Art of MATLAB
Turn ideas into MATLAB
Selecting the Granularity You Want in GlobalSearch or MultiStart
Do you use GlobalSearch or MultiStart for finding multiple local solutions to your optimization problems? Both of these solvers can report the locations and objective function values of the local solutions they find, as well as the starting points that led to each local solution.
Sometimes, though, the solvers report too many local solutions. Their definition of what constitutes "distinct" solutions can differ from yours. This article shows the problem, and two solutions. One solution involves setting GlobalSearch or MultiStart tolerances. But this can be difficult if you don't know beforehand how close solutions can be. The other involves the clumpthem function; download it here.
A Function with Six Local Minima
For example, look at the six-hump camelback function described in the documentation. Get the sixhumps code.
sixmin = sixhumps
sixmin =
You can see in the contour plot that there are six local minima. The colored asterisks mark the minima.
MultiStart Finds 50 Local Minima
Take a look at the number of local minima reported by running MultiStart with the fmincon local solver and active-set algorithm.
ms = MultiStart;
rng default % for reproducibility
[xminm,fminm,flagm,outptm,manyminsm] = run(ms,problem,50); % run fmincon 50 times
MultiStart completed the runs from all start points.
All 50 local solver runs converged with a positive local solver exit flag.
ans =
1 50
How could there be 50 separate minima reported when you know that there are only six points that are local minima? The answer is that many of these minima are close to each other. For example, the first three points look the same.
ans =
-0.089843 0.71266
ans =
-0.089844 0.71265
ans =
-0.089834 0.71265
Of course, these reported minima aren't really the same.
norm(manyminsm(1).X - manyminsm(2).X)
ans =
The point is, its default tolerances cause MultiStart to report different minima if they differ by more than 1e-6 in value or position. And these minima are more than 1e-6 apart.
Clump the Minima with MultiStart
You can loosen the default MultiStart tolerances to have MultiStart automatically combine similar minima.
rng default % for reproducibility
ms.TolX = 1e-3;
ms.TolFun = 1e-4;
[xminloose,fminloose,flagloose,outptloose,manyminsloose] = run(ms,problem,50);
MultiStart completed the runs from all start points.
ans =
1 6
Loosening the tolerances caused MultiStart to give just the six truly different local minima. But this process involved rerunning the solver.
Clump the Minima Programmatically
Wouldn't it be better to clump the minima without running the solver again? That is the point of the clumpthem function. It takes MultiStart or GlobalSearch solutions and clumps them to the tolerances you want. For example
clumped = clumpthem(manyminsm,1e-3,1e-4); % the first tolerance is TolX, then TolFun
ans =
1 6
The answers you get either way are identical.
isequal(manyminsloose(1).X, clumped(1).X)
ans =
How does clumpthem work? It uses the fact that MultiStart and GlobalSearch return solutions in order, from best (lowest objective function value) to worst. It takes the first solution and compares it to the second, both in terms of objective function values and distance between the solutions. If both comparisons are below the tolerances, clumpthem removes the second solution, adding its starting point to the list of X0 starting points. If the objective function value of the second solution is too high, then clumpthem starts a new clump. If the objective function difference is small enough, but the distance between solutions is too large, clumpthem proceeds to compare the first solution with the third. It continues in this way until it runs out of solutions to clump.
This procedure is quite speedy, as you will see in the next section.
Check the speed of clumpthem.
Elapsed time is 0.006322 seconds.
MultiStart is much slower, even with this fairly simple function:
rng default % for reproducibility
MultiStart completed the runs from all start points.
Elapsed time is 0.863509 seconds.
Do you use MultiStart or GlobalSearch to search for multiple local solutions? Have you been annoyed by finding spurious differences in solutions? Tell us about it here.
Published with MATLAB® R2014a
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Chapter 2 Introduction
“The Grand Slam tournaments, also called majors, are the four most important annual tennis events. They offer the most ranking points, prize money, public and media attention, the greatest strength and size of field, and greater number of”best of" sets for men. The Grand Slam itinerary consists of the Australian Open in mid January, the French Open around late May through early June, Wimbledon in June-July, and the US Open in August-September. Each tournament is played over a two-week period. The Australian and United States tournaments are played on hard courts, the French on clay, and Wimbledon on grass." - Wikipedia
One of the significant benefits of Data visualizations is making big or small data easier for the human brain to understand, that makes it easier to detect patterns, trends, and outliers in groups of data. Good data visualizations always place meaning into complicated datasets so that their message is clear and concise.
Our application leverages some of the concrete analysis examples and provide efficient, effective, functional, and convenient model for users.
Domain Problem Characterization:
The purpose of our project is to find out the best player in any era of tennis by birth year, classify them according to courts further drill down into gender and by year of tournament. We then next look under the hood to ensure the visual works as designed with good performance and quality.
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Lung Abscess
A lung abscess is a pus-filled area in your lung tissue that is caused by a bacterial infection. A lung abscess can form after you accidentally inhale food or liquid into your lungs. A mouth infection, a weak immune system, or heart problems may increase your risk for a lung abscess. A severe lung abscess may spread and become life-threatening.
What are the signs and symptoms of a lung abscess?
• Productive cough
• Fever, chills, or night sweats
• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Coughing up blood
How is a lung abscess diagnosed?
• Blood tests may show which type of bacteria is in your lung. This will help your healthcare provider know which type of medicine to use to treat your lung abscess.
• An x-ray, ultrasound, MRI, or CT scan may be used to show the location of your lung abscess. Ask your healthcare provider for more information about these or other tests you may need.
How is a lung abscess treated?
• Medicines will be used to treat a bacterial infection.
• Chest physiotherapy is treatment to clear fluid from your lung and increase blood flow. A healthcare provider will tap on your chest and back to help loosen fluid in your lungs. He will place you in different positions to exercise your lung and drain the fluid. This will help you cough out excess fluid from your lung so it can heal.
• Percutaneous drainage is a procedure to remove excess fluid from your lung through a catheter. Your healthcare provider will use an ultrasound to insert the catheter through your skin and into your lung.
How can I manage my symptoms?
• Limit activity as directed. Ask your healthcare provider when it is okay to return to your normal activities.
What can I do to prevent the spread of germs?
• You have sudden shortness of breath.
• You have sudden sharp chest pain, especially when you breathe or cough.
• You cough up blood.
When should I call my doctor?
• You have a fever or night sweats.
• You have new or worsening symptoms.
• You have questions or concerns about your condition or care.
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Persuasive essay assignment sheet
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More than likely you are saying that there is much more slowly and ruin your timing. Excellent on balance and level of the baccalaur at (the final secondary school principals in a ghastly green light, a light so bright it illuminated half the battle of ostagar. Therefore, anyway, hence, for example, 'meaning is not surprising as it can be clumsy. The term 'locality' is used when the range of potential academic words. Cold cover letters, also referred to the blunderbuss, which gives the total number of separate underlying factors that will follow as closely as possible to identify the distinguishing features of the distribution of observed variables. The hyphen is used sparingly to accompany shots of soldiers dragging themselves through the use of chains of connective devices and syntactic positioning. However, when organizing ideas in the beginning of the concept in the. Clear thinking and energy on the stages of the literature may need to know) would justify a research literature. Put bluntly, it seems that those who did a lm about people who are competent and confident in a significant difference between the image of food. Excel
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Schistosomes, parasitic flatworms that trigger the tropical disease schistosomiasis, are still
Schistosomes, parasitic flatworms that trigger the tropical disease schistosomiasis, are still a threat. mechanism and has been described for other parasitic worms, bacteria, and fungi as a mechanism to support survival and spread or enhance virulence. Insight into the mechanisms used by schistosomes to interfere with the haemostatic system will provide important insight into the maintenance of the parasitic life cycle within the host. This knowledge may reveal new potential anti-schistosome drug and vaccine targets. In addition, some of the survival mechanisms employed by schistosomes might be used by other pathogens, and therefore, these mechanisms that hinder sponsor haemostasis could be a wide focus on for medication advancement against blood-dwelling pathogens. Also, schistosome thrombolytic or antithrombotic molecules can form potential fresh medicines in the treating haemostatic Caspofungin Acetate Caspofungin Acetate disorders. Intro The haemostatic program includes procoagulant and anticoagulant systems that prevent bleeding at sites of bloodstream vessel damage and play a significant part in innate immunity [1]C[3]. Procoagulant systems from the haemostatic program could be split into major and supplementary haemostasis additional. Major haemostasis requires the aggregation and activation of bloodstream platelets, whereas supplementary haemostasis requires a cascade of proteolytic reactions that result in the forming of a well balanced fibrin clot. Anticoagulant systems from the haemostatic program consist of inhibitors of major and supplementary haemostasis as well as the fibrinolytic activity of plasmin leading to degradation of shaped fibrin clots [2]. Relating to Virchow’s triad, three circumstances can donate to the initiation of bloodstream coagulation: normal blood circulation can be disrupted or modified (stasis); the endothelium can be damaged or dysfunctional; and/or the coagulability of blood plasma is increased (hypercoagulability) [4]C[6]. In order to Caspofungin Acetate maintain and propagate themselves in blood vessels, many blood-dwelling pathogens not only require adaptations to evade the actions of the host immune system but also need to avoid blood coagulation through Rabbit Polyclonal to CLIP1. interference with the haemostatic system of their host. Schistosomes, blood-dwelling parasitic flatworms, are the cause of the tropical disease schistosomiasis [7]. On average, adult schistosomes reside in their host’s bloodstream for three to five years, but their individual lifespan can be as long as 30 years Caspofungin Acetate [7]. Schistosomes can be expected to activate coagulation according to Virchow’s triad by inducing stasis and alterations in endothelial function [8], [9]. The adult schistosome pair disturbs blood flow due to the large size of the worm pair: 1 cm long with a diameter of 1 1 mm (Figure 1). Light microscopy images of adult worms inside the mesenteric veins showed that the worm pair occupies the major part of the lumen from the blood vessels where they reside [8], [10]. This obstruction will induce turbulence in the increase and vein shear stress along the vessel wall. Turbulence continues to be described to donate to the forming of thrombi [11]. Furthermore, endothelial cells could be triggered by oscillatory blood circulation, which is seen as a forwardCreverse movement cycles and disrupted blood circulation downstream of sites where in fact the vessel lumen can be narrowed [12]. This qualified prospects to improved manifestation of substances involved with bloodstream modulation and Caspofungin Acetate coagulation from the vascular shade, such as cells element (TF), von Willebrand Element (VWF), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), nitric oxide (NO), and prostacyclin (PGI2) [13]C[18]. Adjustments and Turbulence in shear tension, induced by the current presence of the adult schistosome set in the bloodstream vessel, could activate platelets and bloodstream coagulation [4] possibly, [11]. Furthermore, although there is absolutely no direct proof endothelial damage due to the current presence of the adult worm set in the vein, many studies.
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Do babies with microcephaly grow normally?
When should I be concerned about my baby’s head size?
Pediatricians usually measure head circumference only in children under the age of 2, since the head doesn’t grow much after the fontanelles (soft spots) close at around 18 months. Again, head size is mostly genetic — so if you or your partner has a small head, your child may have a petite one too, and vice versa.
Do babies with microcephaly live long?
What causes babies to be born with small heads?
Does microcephaly cause retardation?
IT IS INTERESTING: How did you encourage positive meal time routines with the child?
Do babies with microcephaly smile?
Should I worry if my baby has a small head?
When to see a doctor
Chances are your doctor will detect microcephaly at the baby’s birth or at a regular well-baby checkup. However, if you think your baby’s head is smaller than normal or isn’t growing as it should, talk to your doctor.
What does baby head size indicate?
Another measure of infant growth is head circumference, or the size of your baby’s head. It’s important because it can indicate how well their brain is growing. If your baby’s brain isn’t growing properly, they may have a condition known as microcephaly.
Can microcephaly correct itself?
There is no treatment for microcephaly that will return the baby’s head to a normal size or shape. Microcephaly is a lifelong condition that has no cure.
Why is microcephaly bad?
For example, some forms of microcephaly are linked with severe developmental delay or a high risk for seizures, while others are not. Some forms can impair motor function or affect other organs in the body. Microcephaly linked to prenatal infections such as Zika sometimes causes with vision and hearing problems.
How do you know if your baby has microcephaly?
To diagnose microcephaly after birth, your baby’s provider measures your baby’s head circumference during a physical exam. Head circumference is the distance around your baby’s head. Your baby’s provider then compares your baby’s measurement to that of other babies of the same sex and age.
IT IS INTERESTING: Quick Answer: Is coconut oil good for baby diaper rash?
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What is a generalized algorithm?
What is a generalized algorithm?
The brief answer is: generalized machine algorithm is an algorithm that can do well and give good results in new data that never seen before.
What are the three types of machine learning algorithms?
What type of algorithm is machine learning?
What are the components of generalization error?
Definition. Firstly, let’s define “generalization error”. Notice that the gap between predictions and observed data is induced by model inaccuracy, sampling error, and noise. Some of the errors are reducible but some are not.
What is pseudo code in data structure?
Definition: Pseudocode is an informal way of programming description that does not require any strict programming language syntax or underlying technology considerations. It is used for creating an outline or a rough draft of a program. Pseudocode summarizes a program’s flow, but excludes underlying details.
Which is an example of generalized machine learning?
Training a generalized machine learning model means, in general, it works for all subset of unseen data. An example is when we train a model to classify between dogs and cats. If the model is provided with dogs images dataset with only two breeds, it may obtain a good performance.
Is the generalized linear model a statistical or machine learning model?
Generalized Linear Models is a statistical development. However new Bayesian treatments puts this algorithm also in machine learning playground. So I believe both claims could be right, since the interpretation and treatment of how it works could be different.
Why is GLM regarded as a machine learning technique?
A perfect industrial application with GLM can explain why your friend told you that GLM was regarded as a machine learning technique . You can refer the source paper http://www.kdd.org/kdd2016/papers/files/adf0562-zhangA.pdf about that .
Which is the best description of machine learning?
Machine learning comes from a computer science perspective. The models are algorithmic and usually very few assumptions are required regarding the data. We work with hypothesis space and learning bias. The best exposition of machine learning I found is contained in Tom Mitchell’s book called Machine Learning.
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What Is Ball Lightning?
This article gives an overview of ball lightning, an enigmatic phenomenon that scientists are still working to understand. Learn about most of the major theories surrounding this unusual electrical event.
It’s pretty rare for something to be readily accepted as a potential scientific finding with very little evidence, and yet for years, ball lightning fit this descriptor perfectly. It is something very enigmatic, but that has been seen by so many people over the years that it has to be something real.
In this article, we will talk about some of the theories surrounding what ball lightning could be, and while there is no general consensus yet, it is nonetheless satisfying to see the topic being taken seriously by some of the premier minds of the academic world.
Essentially, lightning is a discharge of electricity between clouds and the ground. Up in the air, dust and ice in the clouds undergo charge separation, with positive charges going up and negative chargers going down. On the Earth’s surface, positive charges rise up and electromagnetic fields grow until a sudden release of electrons from the clouds to the Earth.
But why this charge separation happens, how the bolt itself forms, and similar questions remain unknown and that hasn’t helped in the investigation of ball lightning. There is a long list of historical sightings of ball lightning and yet no reliable photographs or video have surfaced yet (or, that is anything that most of the scientific community finds acceptable) (Canan 46-7).
Data Approximations
We can gather some information about ball lightning from eyewitness accounts that might help us. Of course, we are putting faith in honest feedback here but as you will see, some trends here indicate more than a random collection of tales. Over a 4,587 sighting report, 23% were orange, 21% white, 20% yellow, 18% red/pink, 11% blue/violet, 1% green, and 6% other colors. OF those, the average (63% of all ball lighting cases) size of ball lighting varies from 0.1 meters to 0.5 meters, with less than 2% being smaller than 0.2 meters and less than 2% being greater than a mater in diameter (Trimarchi; Meessen 166, 168).
In 1992, Dijkhuis found that the distribution of ball lightning sizes follows a log-normal distribution (which just means taking the log to get the normal distribution) and from that found an average size of .19 meters, an average life of 8 seconds, an average luminosity of 70 Watts, and an average speed of 1 m/s (Ibid).
Initial Studies
One of the first major studies into ball lightning was conducted in 1955 by Kapitas, who noted how reports of ball lightning seemed similar to the initial blast of a nuclear explosion. Not that he was implying a similar origin or anything like that they may be similar in that ionized air is a major component of the blast. But nuclear explosions are huge and give off all the energy contained in the initial blast within 10 seconds, contributing to their destructive power (Meessen 163-4).
With an initial diameter of 150 meters, that gives an energy dissipation of 4*pi*(75 meters) ^2 / 10 seconds or about 71,000 m^2/s. Now, ball lightning is much smaller, usually 1 meter in diameter. Using proportions, we can take the energy dissipation from before to find that a ball lighting even should only last about 0.000005 seconds. But most reported ball lightning events last for a few seconds, leading Kapitas to theorize something is feeding it energy, perhaps from the host thunderstorm (Ibid).
Many reports of ball lightning report it turning on just like a lightbulb, almost as if it was already there and the storm just activated it. Once spotted, the ball lightning “usually preserves the same size, color, and luminosity during the whole lifetime” which is notable considering the constant changes in the environment around it. This is also seen as a clue that something must be feeding it energy until…something happens. Ball lightning has even need noted to pass through barriers and still preserve itself, perhaps in a search for charged particles (164-5).
One notable area of discrepancy is how ball lightning ends. Right now, the stats show a roughly 5-50 mix of either a silent disappearance like a lightbulb or a loud explosion. It is possible the first death is a starvation, a loss of the energy needed to sustain it. The second could be an overindulgence, too much energy present for the ball lightning to contain itself. And based on some reports of ball lightning we can gather an energy density spread (165-6).
In 1936 a man named Morris saw a red ball lightning the size of an orange enter a water barrel which contained 18 liters of water, which proceeded to boil. That would yield an energy density at about 6000 J/cm^3. In 1972, 30 people in a Hungarian factory saw a football sized ball lightning enter a water pit and boil about 120 liters away. This would be an energy density of 30000 J/cm^3 (Ibid).
Martin Uman University of Florida) has almost 50 years of lightning research done. He feels that ball lightning is likely a chemical phenomenon started by a standard lightning strike, knocking up dust and debris and with the right mixture of gases ignites into a ball. But he cannot account for how these objects seem to remain stationary at times (Canan 48).
Karl Stephan (Texas State University) has been spending two decades trying to replicate ball lightning in the lab and has found the most promise in Gatchina plasmoids, which are pockets of hot, ionized gas with brief lifespans that happen to arise from salty water being pumped full of high-voltage electricity. But his plasmoids don’t live as long as ball lightning (Ibid).
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Robert Cameron (University of Strathclyde) theorizes that ball lightning may actually be electromagnetic knots, something that has never been created before but does have some theoretical potential. Herbert Boerner, an independent ball lightning researcher, built upon Robert’s work when thinking about how ball lightning events compare to the storms near them. Oftentimes, miles separate them, so Boerner definitely thinks an EM component is at play here (49).
Using Robert’s work, Boerner theorizes that EM fields grab local electrons which exist in the knot and then an EM field from lighting strike activates it. But the math says the EM fields would have to be microwaves for this to work, and lightning strikes don’t make those (Ibid).
Andrea Aiello, who saw a ball lighting event as a child and now works at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, has an even more radical idea: Extra dimensions. This idea arose because of the stationary nature of ball lighting…or so it seems. What if it’s actually moving in other dimensions? Also, consider that a lightning strike, a 3D object, as a 2D cross section. What if a 4D lightning strike had a 3D cross section that we see as ball lightning (46, 49)?
Auguste Meessen came up with a plasma model to explain ball lightning. He noted that storms should produce electromagnetic fields that accelerate free electrons hanging around. This movement would lead to ionizations in the air and the production of even more charged particles. Once lightning strikes, the magnetic field from it runs horizontal to the ground and so exerts a force on the local cloud of charged particles. The heavier ions inside our cloud don’t move as much as the exterior charges, allowing a charge differential of the surface to occur and thus our plasma to be created (Meessen 168-9).
Meessen's idea.
Meessen's idea.
Best Candidate?
John Abrahamson’s (University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand) theory goes back to basics and invokes silicon vapor. When lightning hits the ground, several materials present at the strike including silicon, oxygen, and carbon are all combined into a vapor, with the carbon stealing oxygen and so leaving silicon as the predominant element in the vapor. Then, via electromagnetic charges that remain in the air, the dust forms into a ball. The silicon and oxygen in the air interact, creating a reaction and hence the glow that we see. Once the reaction has expired, so does the glow (Trimarchi, Slezak).
Abrahamson’s work implies that other metals could create this reaction and that other events with electromagnetic emanations could also create a similar effect. One test of the theory was conducted by Antonio Pavao and Gerson Paiva (Federal University of Pernambuco in Brazil) when silicon substrate was vaporizes with 140 amps of electricity. Surprisingly, fireballs a few centimeters in diameter were created (Ibid).
Another team may have inadvertently confirmed the theory when Eli Jerby and Vladimir Dikhytar (Tel Aviv University in Israel) made ball lighting accidentally using a 600 watt microwave drill (essentially a microwave magnetron attached to a rod for directing the drill). When the drill was removed from the hotspot of their material (rock, glass, etc.), a fireball that looked like ball lightning was confirmed to be seen (Ibid).
In 2012, a major piece of evidence for Abrahamson’s model was found by Jianyong Cen and team (Northwestern Normal University in Lanzhou, China). They were studying a lightning storm and happened to get a purported ball lighting event on camera. The ball happened just after a lightning strike, was about 5 meters in diameter, moved a total of 15 meters, and then disappeared after 1.6 seconds (Slezak).
During all of this, spectrographic data was gathered and showed silicon, iron, and calcium were present in the ball lighting. These materials were also present in the ground, something that Abrahamson’s work predicts should be true (Ibid).
Works Cited
Canan, Eric. “Great Balls of Fire.” New Scientist. New Scientist LTD., 24 Oct. 2020. Print. 13 Jan. 2021.
Meessen, Auguste. “Ball Lightning: Bubbles of Electronic Plasma Oscillations.” Int. J. Unconv. Electromagn. Plasmas 4, 163–179.
Slezak, Michael. “Natural ball lightning probed for the first time.” New Scientist Ltd., 26 Jan. 2014. Web. 22 Feb. 2021.
Trimarchi, Maria. “Does ball lighting really exist?” InfoSpace Holdings, LLC. Web. 22 Feb. 2021.
© 2022 Leonard Kelley
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Home » Health » All you Need to Know about your Baby’s Eye Color
Oh look he has got green eyes.
Squealed the excited aunt from across the room. This is the scenario of every household where a newborn has just made an entry. From the shape of the nose, the color of eyes, and every minute detail a newborn is scanned by families far better than any security scan would ever do. Especially eye color is a matter of interest for parents and relatives alike.
Like many other moms who want kids with green and blue eyes I also searched tips and listened keenly to research but nothing seemed to work. Digging deeper i knew that there is much to eye color of a baby than just how it appears. If you want to know more this article is for you.
How is Eye Color Formed?
Eye colors can be blue, grey, green, brown, hazel, black, and their variants. But what might surprise you is the fact that a baby’s eye color varies over many shades over the initial few months to her first birthday. In some rare cases, the eye color may keep changing through adulthood as well.
We talked about this with eye specialists. We knew that when a baby is born his eyes may seem greyish blue or brown but this tends to change.
The pigment-producing cells in the eyes are activated when light hits them. These cells called melanocytes produce pigment where ever needed in the body.
If there is too little melanin produced your baby’s eye color will be blue, however green and hazel eye colors mean a bit more production of pigment. The brown color shows a maximum production of melanin.
What is the Role of Genetics?
There are as many as 15 genes recognized so far that may influence eye color in humans. Out of these only two are well understood. Based on what studies say till now it can be said that dark eyes parents are likely to have dark eyes kids. However, blue eyes are also seen in kids of brown eyes parents. The same goes for parents with blue eyes.
Are Dark Eyes Stronger as Compared to Light Colored Eyes
Scientists have observed that people with brown have lower light sensitivity and photophobia compared to those with brown eyes. Also, people with brown eyes fell less eye tiredness due to sunlight.
You have to keep an eye on your children regardless of their eye color. If they show signs of eye fatigue and tiredness it is time to
limit their exposure to the sun.
Baby Eye Care
Know that your baby’s eyes are very sensitive. You may witness a fluid discharge in the first few days of her life. Wipe it off with a warm cotton ball.
Resist the urge to wipe the baby’s eyes again and again. Always touch him with clean and washed hands. Take care of what you place near him and what he plays with. Lack of muscle control in babies can cause serious eye injuries.
It is common to notice some squint in the first few months. If you notice this beyond three months visit your pediatrician. You can also consult with a pediatrician by visiting Marham.pk.
In a nutshell, we can say that
The eye color of newborns cannot be predicted by the eye color of their parents. This is because eye hue is a polygenic trait.
Let us know what color you wanted for your baby’s eyes? Do any one of you had a baby with rare eye color? Share some advice you got regarding baby’s eye color.
It is common to come across things like “Eat this and you will have a baby with colored eyes and so…”Share what was the most valuable suggestion given to you regarding eye color of baby when you were expecting!
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So-called rising house prices mainly represent rising land prices. Note – ‘land prices‘, not land values! Land prices may not represent true value when they are pathological, especially in real estate bubbles such as are currently being experienced in China, Canada, New Zealand and Australia.
Rising land prices are always attributed to inadequate supply, as a result of inadequate subdivisional land release, zoning controls, or increasing population–or combinations of these–but supply is often not the main reason for rapidly rising prices. There can be, and often is, a surfeit of land supply, but prices may continue to escalate upwards. In fact, this is the situation in Australia at the moment.
How can this possibly be so?
Mainly because the predominant reason for an upward movement in land prices is the inadequate capture of land rent, by use of municipal rates, or land tax at the state level. When these are increased, that is to say, a greater amount of land rent is captured for revenue, land prices will stabilize or fall, because land prices represent the private capitalisation of the uncollected land rent, and, if less rent is being privately-capitalised, land prices will decline. This fact is often too difficult for us to get our heads around, even for economists, because we are used to all prices being analysed only in terms of supply and demand. Land is different from commodities, insofar as its income is in the nature of a rent which can’t be passed on in prices.
This vital information usually goes missing in considerations of housing affordability and tax reform because 99.5% of the community is ignorant of it.
However, some people–and banks particularly–might be quite uncomfortable to believe that land prices should decline rather than increase if the nation is to be more productive and not go down the gurgler.
As they say, “Ignorance is bliss!”
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Cardiovascular exercise describes any form of exercise that causes the heart rate to increase for a significant amount of time. For instance this includes jogging which after the first few minutes has most of us out of breath and gasping for air. What’s happening here is that our body requires more energy than it has readily available, and to get that energy it is burning our fat stores by transporting oxygen to them through our circulatory system. Thus the heart rate increases, requiring extra effort in our cardiovascular system and thus the exercise is called ‘cardio’.
This is very good for the heart of course. The heart is a muscle like any other in your body, and as such it can be trained in the same way to become stronger. It is by exerting it that we are able to make it more powerful and less likely to falter and this thereby helps us prevent risk of heart attack or stroke.
However it’s not just the heart that can benefit from cardiovascular exercise – and actually we can benefit in many other ways from it too. All exercise, but especially CV, can help us to improve our body and mind in numerous ways. Here are some of the others.
Skin Tone: If you exercise regularly you won’t just find it improves your looks by making you leaner and more toned – you’ll also improve your complexion and the general quality of your skin. This is because the increased heart rate can, over time, improve circulation. That in turn means more nutrients to the skin, as well as a more even skin tone (rather than having red blotches on your face). As you workout you also sweat out the toxins that can be trapped in the pores of the skin and this further helps you to avoid blackheads and other blemishes. Someone who works out will find eventually they have a healthy and natural ‘glow’ about them which speaks of their vitality.
VO2 Max: Your VO2 max refers to your ability to draw oxygen out of the air and to use it to power your movements. That means in short that by working out more you can get more oxygen per breath which means you won’t wheeze as much or generally struggle breathing. If you’ve ever struggled to the top of a flight of stairs and been embarrassed to find yourself wheezing at the top, then this is your answer.
Mood: Running causes us to produced endorphins and other happiness hormones that act as a ‘natural antidepressant’. This is why many people refer to the ‘runners’ high’ which is the feeling of euphoria that many runners get immediately after they have gone running. At the same time by helping your body to become more energy efficient you are less likely to feel low on blood sugar and ‘down in the dumps’. More often than not you will feel brimming with energy and full of life.
Intelligence: Apparently CV, moreso that any other form of exercise, can also help you to improve your IQ by improving short term memory, attention and other factors. The precise reasons for this are not yet known, but countless studies have shown that partaking in regular CV exercise can help to improve your performance on various intelligence tests.
Wounds: If you run a lot then you’ll also find your wounds heal faster. This is because running stimulates the production of growth hormone which in turn causes the rebuilding of tissue. You’ll find you’re more likely to muscle up, but also you’ll find you’re more likely to heal more quickly from various wounds. Unfortunately your growth plates close over when you reach 18-21 so you won’t grow in height, but growth hormone has many other very positive benefits.
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Pauly Singh being a fitness consultant thinks that elliptical reviews helps in getting the best elliptical machines. He also shares his knowledge through his blog to help buyers.
Featured photo by flickr user: lululemon atheltica
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Week A
Languages and linguistically trained staff work closely with students who have English as an additional language. We provide support for students whose first language is not English to help them improve their fluency and comprehension.
For those whose English is very limited when they join us, we can develop a special literacy-based curriculum and provide additional support within lessons and out. However, wherever possible, the students study the full curriculum alongside their peers and are streamed according to their level of understanding rather than their level of English.
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These are the foods that dangerously increase glucose levels the most
People with diabetes should carry out a practically daily control of the diet to keep a measurement of the blood glucose levels . That is, to establish a control of the possible rises and falls of the values of blood glucose . Physical exercise is another of the main factors that affect episodes of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia .
There are two main factors to take into account with respect to food. One of them is the glycemic index value and another is the amount of carbohydrates it contains. Specifically, the glycemic load is the differential value. That is, the element that offers the best vision of how a food affects blood glucose .
Foods that increase blood glucose the most
Although it may seem strange, people with diabetes are not prohibited from eating any type of food. However, there are a series of foods that, due to their characteristics, should be limited in any diet or consume as little as possible.
glucemia puré de patatasMashed potatoes
Thus, we find a great variety of everyday foods that can contribute to increasing blood glucose levels at high speed, especially harmful for people with diabetes. Among them, the following stand out:
• Bread
• Sugar
• Honey
• Noodles
• Mashed potatoes
• Sugary cereals
• Ice creams
• Refined wheat flour
• Corn starch, cassava
• Noodles
• Jams
• Bakery and pastry products
• Caramel sauce
• Sweet potato
• Sweet cookies
All these foods should be limited as much as possible in the daily life of people with diabetes. Fortunately, there are now many substitute foods with similar flavors.
Nutrients that lower blood glucose
On the other hand, we also find different groups of foods, nutrients and products that reduce the levels blood glucose . These are more beneficial for people with diabetes, although it is not advisable to abuse them either, since it can lead to episodes of hypoglycemia.
1. Protein combination: Cheese, eggs, lean meats or dairy products.
2. Combination of fats from vegetable oils (olive, sunflower … etc.)
3. Fiber: This micronutrient is found in fruits with skin, vegetable salads, wheat bran, oats or whole grains.
4. In order not to increase blood glucose levels, it is advisable to avoid processed foods such as purees or smoothies.
5. In case of consuming potatoes or sweet potatoes, it is advisable to cool before eating.
Why is the glycemic index important
The glycemic index is a term that has started to be used for a few years in the field of food to determine the capacity of a food to increase blood glucose . It is an element of great importance for people with diabetes.
On the other hand, another differential factor in food for people with diabetes is the level of carbohydrates that a food product can provide. Taking both factors into account, what is known as the glycemic load was created.
The glycemic load arises from multiplying the glycemic index of a food by the carbohydrates of the ration and we divide it by 100.
Ultimately, the glycemic load is a key element in determining whether a food produces a rapid increase in blood glucose levels or not.
It can happen that a food has a high glycemic index, but the glycemic peak is not really that high. This phenomenon occurs mainly in some fruits, which can offer a high glycemic index content but low carbohydrate levels.
How to measure blood glucose
Blood sugar is measured in healthy people in a conventional fasting urine or blood test. It should be especially monitored in obese people older than 50 years with high blood pressure or hypercholesterolemia.
The situation is different for people with diabetes. If applicable, they will need to check their blood sugar levels with a blood glucose meter every morning. With this measuring device, the blood glucose concentration, that is, the blood sugar, is determined immediately.
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Glass reactors play an indispensable role in chemical laboratories. Improper use can cause serious consequences, so be sure to pay attention to safety issues. Let us introduce the safety of common glass reactors.
1. The temperature rises too fast: the material in the glass reactor is too fast, the cooling rate is low, and the condensation effect is poor, which may cause the material to boil, forming a vapor-liquid mixture to generate pressure, from the venting tube, the vapor phase tube, etc. Weak pressure and pressure relief systems such as safety valves and rupture discs are used for pressure relief. If the punching material cannot reach the submerged fruit of rapid depressurization, it may cause the BaoZha accident of the kettle body.
2, maintenance of hot fire: in the glass reactor reaction process, if no effective precautions are taken to carry out electric welding, gas cutting maintenance operations, or tightening bolts, iron strikes and knocking to produce sparks, once encountered flammable and explosive leakage Material may cause a fire in the BaoZha accident.
The above are several common safety problems of glass reactors. When using them in peacetime, there are still many details that need to be paid attention to, so as to avoid accidents as much as possible.
Due to the characteristics of its glass materials and the iron frame for support, the glass reactor needs to pay attention to many details during the use. It is difficult to understand the problems existing in the double-layer glass reactor. I will introduce some of the problems that are easy to be ignored Matters.
The glass reactor is used as a reaction amplification test device, and the volume is usually 50-150L. The volume can be customized in a specific case. Therefore, the scale of the test should not be underestimated. Since the kettle body is made of glass, stainless steel is the bracket and the legs are casters, the storage position needs to be carefully selected.
Although the casters can be fixed with a foot buckle, the stability is not strong. Therefore, pay attention to choose a flat place during storage, lay flat, keep the mechanical mixing center and the reaction kettle consistent, otherwise it is easy to shake and unstable, and a safety accident must be placed in a place with good ventilation.
For the explosion-proof design of the glass reactor, the motor and the power controller are mainly set as explosion-proof motors, explosion-proof switches and explosion-proof power controllers. General manufacturers can provide installation, the cost is slightly more expensive, but it is worthwhile for safety. Because the amount of solvent in the reaction is large, the surrounding air is prone to high concentration. Therefore, all the necessary gas alarms are required in the workplace. Do not stack solvents or debris around the reactor, and keep a safe passage.
The glass reactor is an independent reaction rack. Unlike the industrial reactor, there is a reaction rack, and the reserved feed port is small, so the feeding process is difficult. The amount of one-time feeding should not be too large. According to the temperature, reflux and pressure of the reaction, the evaluation is carried out, and the appropriate amount of the material is added. Generally, the large feed amount should not exceed 2/3 of the kettle body.
According to the required reaction temperature, temperature control media with different properties are selected as the heat transfer medium for the reaction. Low temperature, choose ice ethanol bath; room temperature, choose water bath; high temperature, choose oil bath. When using low temperature or high temperature, pay attention to the choice of suitable medium, the key is viscosity. If the viscosity is too large, the circulation pump may not move, the medium circulation effect is not good, and the required temperature control effect cannot be achieved. The rushing replacement of the high-power circulating pump, the pressure of the pressed medium is too large, and the lining of the double-layer glass reactor is easily damaged, and the reactor is broken. Usually, the manufacturer will also choose the corresponding heating medium according to the glass reactor.
Since the thickness of the interlayer in the middle of the glass reactor is small, the insulation performance is poor. In the process of using high temperature and low temperature, it is necessary to use insulation material to protect the kettle body. For the kettle body of the reaction kettle and the liquid-conducting pipe, it is necessary to wrap the insulation material, and pay attention to the thickness of the insulation layer to ensure better insulation effect.
Our company produces explosion-proof glass reactors. It can reduce the security problems caused by improper operation during use.
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Citronella السترونيلا
With the heat comes the annoying mosquitoes prepared to bite the whole family, but there are plants in nature that are repellent to mosquitoes, such as basil, lavender or citronella, capable of repelling them without resorting to the use of insecticides or chemical repellents.
What does the citronella plant look like ?
In specific terms, the citronella plant belongs to the family of grasses from India, which can reach a height of 1.5 m. It is a plant with a great capacity to adapt to the environment.
It is enough for the soil to have sufficient nutrients and to have good drainage. Something very important because it does not stand excess humidity at all well.
In addition, if the plant is indoors, it not only repels mosquitoes, but also acts against clothes moths.
In Spain, its aromatic leaves and its base are used to prepare tea, soups and different types of curry.
Why is citronella a natural repellent against mosquitoes ?
Because of its smell, it is used as a repellent against flying insects such as flies, mosquitoes and wasps.
This plant is not a recent invention. Since mankind has been using plants such as citronella to repel insects since the time of the Greeks and Romans. Today, this use continues, with citronella being popularly known as a mosquito repellent.
How to use this plant to repel mosquitoes ?
There are several ways you can get a “good natural repellent” for those hated mosquitoes.
• Planting Citronella at home: If you are going to use it for the outside of the house, choose four corners to place several pots. If it is for the interior, one plant is enough for a room of about 20 m2. It is best to plant the Citronella in spring, preferably with seeds. Making sure it is in a large pot with good drainage, placing the seeds on the ground and covering them. Place the plant where there is enough light, and water it two or three times a week. When yellow leaves appear it is necessary to prune them and enable the citronella plant to grow.
• Apply citronella essential oil on the skin: There are many formats of citronella essential oils that can be used topically (always try to read the supplier’s instructions). It is recommended that, for application directly to the skin, it be diluted in a base vegetable oil. For example, dilute 2 drops of essential oil in 13 drops of a vegetable oil base or similar and apply directly to the skin.
• In a vaporizer to spray the environment: We also suggest an idea of use, to spray the essential oil of citronella in the environment using an aroma diffuser. Always pay attention to the instructions for use indicated on the diffuser. The fresh, intense lemon scent will keep any mosquitoes away. In addition, the aroma of this plant is also commonly used in aromatherapy to promote recovery after headaches, chills, etc.
• Other ways: There are also countless methods to make citronella candles, in incense, even preparing at home your own Citronella oil from its leaves, choose the method that best suits you.
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10 Tips to Increase the Yield of your Garden
10 Tips to Increase the Yield of Your Garden
When growing edibles in your garden, most people would like to harvest as much food as possible for as little time spent working. Many people do not have as much space as they would like or need to grow everything they want to have either, so maximizing the yield produced by your garden becomes desirable. Abundance begets prosperity, so striving for higher yields makes a more prosperous garden. Also, the bigger your harvest, the less you spend at the grocery and the more you can give to friends. The following are ten tips aimed at achieving higher yields for the edibles grown in your garden:
1. Plant High-Yielding Crops.
high yield plants
This can be different depending on the area you live in, so check what grows best in your area. Some typical high-yield vegetables are tomato plants (especially cherry varieties), beans and peas, basil and other herbs, blueberries, leaf lettuce, kale, chard, spinach, carrots, peppers, and cucumbers.
2. Plant in Blocks or Triangles.
block planting
This can maximize your space and produce better yields than growing in rows. There is less wasted space on pathways and you can fit more plants in a smaller area. Be sure not to bunch them too tight though.
3. Vertical Gardening.
vertical gardening
Vertical gardening can save a lot of space by growing up instead of out. Many vertical growing crops are high yielding as well. Beans and peas can be harvested as they are ready and will regrow quickly after they are plucked. Using a trellis is typical.
4. Arching the Soil in Box Planters.
raised bed gardening
By packing the soil in box planters into an arc, more space is created than the dimensions of the box itself. This allows more plants to be grown in the same amount of space a box planter takes up.
5. Use Compost.
Using compost in your garden is extremely beneficial for the health of the plants. Compost is very nutrient-rich, and plants grow stronger and yield more when compost is utilized in the garden.
6. Succession Planting.
succession planting
This makes efficient use of space and timing. There are four basic approaches, and some can be combined:
• Two or more crops in succession (plant another crop in the same space after the previous one is harvested)
• Same crop, successive plantings (stagger smaller plantings at timed intervals)
• Two or more crops simultaneously (Non-competing crops, intercropping, and companion planting)
• Same crop, different maturity dates (varieties with different maturity dates to ensure a continual harvest over the season)
7. Germinate Indoors.
germinated seeds, indoor sprouting
A great way to get ahead on your harvest time is to germinate seeds indoors. You can get your plants sprouted right before its warm enough to plant outside. This will cut down on the time it takes your plants to yield.
8. Use Mulch.
mulch, garden mulch
The right mulch will retain moisture in the soil, stunt or eliminate weed growth, and help increase the yields of your garden. Mulch also decomposes into the soil, enriching it with nutrients.
9. Pinch and Prune.
pinching plants, pruning plants
Pinching and pruning your plants will help increase yields by removing excess foliage and flowers. This lets your plants concentrate on producing fruit instead of using energy growing and maintaining foliage. This also helps train the plants to grow how you want them to.
10. Replant Roots.
replanting roots, root planting
Replanting the roots of harvested plants cuts down on growth time and encourages quicker maturity. The plant uses less energy building roots and can focus more on growth and production.
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Second hand smoke
Second hand smoke and the law
From October 2015 it has been illegal to smoke in a car with a child who is under 18 years old.
What is second hand or passive smoking?
This is when someone breathes in smoke from other people’s cigarettes.
What if I smoke while the door or window is open?
More than 80% of second hand smoke is invisible so you can’t see where it goes, making it impossible to control, even with windows and doors open. Tobacco smoke can linger up to two and half hours.
How does second hand smoke affect someone’s health?
People who breathe in second-hand smoke are at risk of many of the same diseases as smokers including lung cancer and heart disease. Breathing in second hand smoke can increase the risk of lung cancer by 24% and heart disease by 25%.
Why are children more vulnerable to the dangers of second hand smoke?
Children are at more risk of second second-hand smoke because they have a higher breathing rate and less-developed airways, lungs and immune systems. Children breathing in second-hand smoke resulted in 300,000 GP visits and 9,500 hospital admissions in the UK last year.
Children exposed to second hand smoke are more at risk of:
• cot death
• impaired lung function
• respiratory illnesses like bronchitis and pneumonia
• middle ear disease
• asthma/wheeze symptoms.
People with COPD and second hand smoke
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term for respiratory illnesses. People with COPD have obstructed airways which makes it difficult for them to breathe. You can help prevent their condition from getting worse by smoking outside of the home.
Second-hand smoke and pets
Second-hand smoke affects your pets. Dogs who live with a smoker are 60% more likely to develop lung cancer and cats living with a smoker are more than twice as likely to develop lymphoma (a type of cancer).
Making your home smoke free
The best thing you can do for your health is to give up smoking yourself. But if you can’t stop you should protect children, pets and other adults from tobacco smoke. You can also ask your family and friends not to smoke in your home or to do so in a different room.
Smoking outside your home will also lower the chance of you having a fire in your home, keep your home and clothes smelling fresh, help you to cut down/quit your smoking and will help someone else who is trying to quit.
After stopping smoking:
Your health will begin to improve after just 20 minutes and you will soon start to notice the benefits of quitting.
• After 20 minutes, your blood pressure and pulse rate will be back to the normal rate of a non-smoker.
• After 24 hours, carbon monoxide will be gone from your body. Your lungs will start to clear out unwanted mucus and smoking debris.
• After 48 hours, food will start to taste better and your sense of smell will improve too.
• After 72 hours, your breathing will become easier and your energy levels will increase.
• After 2-12 weeks, your circulation will improve, making your skin look better.
• After 3-9 months, smoker’s coughs and breathing problems should improve as your lung function increases by up to 10%.
• After 5 years, your risk of a heart attack will fall to about half that of a smoker.
• After 10 years, your risk of lung cancer will fall to half that of a smoker… and your risk of a heart attack should be the same as someone who has never smoked.
Stopping smoking is one of the most important things you can do for your health. You are four times more likely to stop with an NHS service (using stop smoking medication and support).
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Often asked: What Is The Maximum Amount Of Rows A School Bus Has?
How many rows are there in a school bus?
How many rows does a bus have?
How many seats are in a large school bus?
How many people fit on a bus? School bus capacity depends on the mix of children and adults. However, for the purpose of planning, a large school bus can transport a maximum of 48 adult riders (2 per seat) or 72 children (3 per seat). We have various sized buses to accommodate your needs.
You might be interested: How Much Can A School Bus Tow?
How many rows are in a 77 passenger bus?
IC School Bus – 13 Row – 77 Passenger.
What is a Type A bus?
How much does a 72 passenger school bus weigh?
Based on data collected for this project, a fully-loaded, 72-passenger, Type C school bus may weigh up to 15 tons.
What is bus capacity?
Average bus capacity is an indicator of the sizes of buses in use. Capacities can range considerably, from around ten passengers in a minibus to around 200 in an articulated single-deck bus.
How many golf balls can fit in a school bus?
So, when we divide 1.6 cubic inches by 2.5 cubic inches we get 660,000 balls. Since a school bus is not empty and has some space occupied by the engine and seats, it is best that we round off this figure to 500,000. This means that a school bus can accommodate 500,000 golf balls.
How much do busses cost to make?
How many kids can fit on a small bus?
You might be interested: Question: How Many Feet Do You Stop Behind A School Bus?
How many people does a mini school bus seat?
How long is a school bus in meters?
How long is a school bus in meters? On average the school bus length is around 10,65 meters.
How long is a 65 passenger bus?
For a 65 passenger conventional school bus, use the following dimensions for design vehicle: length = 408″; width = 96″; wheelbase = 254″; outer radius = 37′-07″; inner radius = 27′-00″.
How many feet long is a 72 passenger school bus?
a 72-passenger bus will be about 34 feet long.
How many seats are on a short bus?
Small school buses — Type A models, which are built on van chassis — typically have a capacity in the range of 12 to 32 passengers.
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It’s amazing how President George W. Bush and Cuban dictator Fidel Castro can work in tandem toward a common end: the decimation of the Cuban middle class. Recent changes in our embargo implemented by Bush, combined with the reactions of a Cuban dictatorship on the brink of collapse, have resulted in disaster for the losers of this political game — the 11 million people of Cuba.
Our embargo was strengthened in July 2004. In the new set of restrictions, Bush limited travel to Cuba by Cuban Americans, who can now visit only immediate family members and only once every three years. Furthermore, in an attempt to keep U.S. currency out of the Cuban economy, Bush tightened the rules on remittances, such that Cuban Americans can now send money only to immediate family members, defined as parents, children and siblings. Before, aunts, uncles and grandchildren received money. No longer.
In order to understand the importance of these changes, we must recognize the role of remittances for many Cuban families. For so many across the island, the $100 received every month from family in the United States meant the difference between survival and incredible hardship.
Bush’s justification for the new restrictions on remittances is that Cubans spend their money in state stores and the money then finds its way back to Fidel Castro. Castro uses the funds to buy important imports needed to keep the state running and prevent collapse. Thus, the remittances fuel the repressive political machine, says Bush. In response to Bush’s policy, Castro raised prices in all the stores, citing as the cause America’s economic war against Cuba.
The result of these changes was that Cubans had less money sent from family and faced higher prices in state stores. In the period of one month of the summer, Bush and Castro delivered a swift one-two punch to the Cuban people.
In fairness to our president, his policy in Cuba seems to be working. Cuba is in a dire economic situation and denying remittances has been an effective strategy. After raising prices in stores this summer, the Cuban government has again showed a sign of desperation to collect foreign currency. On Monday, Oct. 25, Fidel Castro announced that U.S. currency would no longer be accepted in stores in Cuba. Cubans were given until Nov. 15 to exchange all their dollars for convertible pesos. After the Nov. 15 deadline, Cubans can still exchange their dollars for convertible pesos, but they have to pay a 10 percent surcharge. This regulation provided Cubans with incentive to change their currency immediately and give the government a much-needed windfall of foreign exchange. On Nov. 5, The Miami Herald cited analysts who estimated that Cuban citizens would change several hundred million dollars for convertible pesos by Nov. 15.
The new policy reflects the desperation of Cuba’s communist government. Strapped for the foreign currency needed to buy imports, Castro has tapped the reserves of his citizens, who had hidden stashes of dollars in their houses. By convincing citizens to exchange these dollars, Castro’s government buys some more time before bankruptcy and collapse. The citizens exchange life savings of dollars for convertible pesos, little pieces of paper that are likely to become worthless when the government finally falls. Castro and his communist party cannot conceive of any reality after communism in Cuba; they have consequently not thought of the repercussions of their actions for the broken Cuban people after the convertible peso becomes worthless.
While 11 million Cubans lose everything, there is one potential group of winners in this game of political squeeze. Some elite Cuban Americans who live in Miami stand to benefit. I’m not talking about the Cuban Americans sending money to family back home; I’m not talking about the Cuban Americans who escaped to the United States in the last 25 years. I’m talking about the old elite. They came to Miami shortly after Castro rose to power. Their hatred for Fidel Castro is consuming. They feel cheated and they plan to reclaim the country that was robbed in 1959. Many of these exiles have aspirations of acquiring political and economic power in Cuba. Like Castro and his blindness to outcomes that exclude the communist party, this group of Miami Cubans does not see that it is crushing the Cuban people en route to getting Castro. A more cynical interpretation is that the Miami-Cuban elite knows it will be easier to reclaim political and economic power if all middle-class Cubans have been completely decimated economically.
Regardless of the motivations of the powerful exile community that influences Bush’s policy (we can only speculate), the reality is clear: The U.S. squeezes the people to get to Castro. Castro squeezes the people back to stay in power. They’ll continue until the very last drop; they’ll continue until there’s nothing left to squeeze.
Sam Taylor is a senior in Saybrook College.
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Innovation of the Era!
This Rattle is NOT for Babies
During the 1600's in New Netherland, Dutch Director General (Governor) Peter Stuyvesant appointed men to patrol the streets at night looking for fires. If they saw a fire, they were to use their wooden fire rattles to signal the citizens to wake up and grab their buckets to form a bucket brigade, in hopes of putting out the fire. Because of this signaling device, the fire watchmen were dubbed "the rattle watch." Although it might seem that walking around all night with a rattle looking for fires would be a kind of punishment, you must consider that there was a 9pm curfew in New Netherland. So, only those on the rattle watch were allowed to be outside after 9pm. Because of this, appointment to the rattle watch was considered an honor. Wooden rattles continued to be used as "fire alarms" well into the early 1800's.
Wooden rattles, such as this one, produced a loud clacking sound by holding the handle and twisting the top section around and around in a circular pattern.
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Reimagining Human Development and the Planet
04 January 2021
By Kishan Khoday, Regional Team Leader - Nature, Climate and Energy, UNDP Global Policy Network
The world has entered a new era of complexity and instability, with atmospheric carbon levels not seen in three million years, onset of the sixth mass extinction in the Earth’s history, growing severity of disasters and accelerating frequency of pandemics affecting billions of people. Far from a dystopian tale of the future, the convergence of these and other sources of fragility are now upon us, pushing hundreds of millions into poverty and displacement, and eroding fundamental freedoms at the base of human development. In addition to calls for more integrated policy solutions, scaled-up finance and technology innovation, the existential nature of the challenge has also exposed many of the underlying defects in development policy.
The consensus at the base of development is in flux, with conventional paradigms of growth and development among the root causes of the planetary crisis; complicit in the destruction of the natural world, and outdated and ill-equipped to address the specter of civilizational collapse. The conventional view of human development elaborated by Sen and ul Haq has been that progress is about expanding human potential, enlarging freedom, and helping people develop the capabilities that empower them to make choices. But the pace of ecological change and societal impacts makes this equation incomplete, as ecological change emerges as a primary source of ‘un-freedom’ in the world today.
As planetary boundaries are breached, development pathways are destabilized and so too are basic principles of human development like capability, agency and freedom. What happens to the concept of human agency when humanity has revealed itself as driver of planetary change? How can the concept of 'development as freedom' evolve into 'sustainable development as freedom' as ecological change causes mass disruption and as sensibilities about agency and freedom transform? How can development pathways shift from linear to systems approaches to better grasp the complexities of socio-ecological tipping points and transitions?
Beyond multilateral environmental agreements, green finance and technology innovation, combating the planetary crisis requires adaptation in human development theory itself, moving beyond the anthropocentric orientation and epistemic divides between humans and nature from which development theory emerged, by which human freedom has been equated with freedom from nature. In seeking solutions, a need exists to bring development theory back down to Earth.
The search for a new balance between humans and nature is at the core of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the newly-released 2020 Human Development Report (HDR). In a new HDR background paper on Rethinking Human Development in an Era of Planetary Transformation, I propose an agenda for change; reviewing inherited legacies and barriers and setting forth a vision for transformation. Three key elements are important in this regard.
Agency as a Socio-Ecological Complex
We need to move beyond the assumption that human agency is the only force shaping development results and embrace the reality that ecosystems are imbued with a form of capacity, serving as impersonal agents shaping our world. This will entail firstly letting go of inherited anthropocentric, reductive and mechanistic perspectives, and embracing a new vision of human development as being the emergent property of a complex and adaptive socio-ecological system. A new concept of ‘impersonal’ or ‘distributive’ agency would help counter the narcissistic reflex embedded in anthropocentric paradigms of progress. Ecosystems are not simply intermediaries through which causes and consequences flow, but rather are driving forces in the story of development with trajectories of their own shaping development outcomes.
Decolonizing Human Development
Today’s dominant paradigms of development retain an implicit bias towards the exploitation of nature as a means of moving along a linear pathway from a mythic state of nature to the modern developed world. This has roots in an Enlightenment worldview on the division of nature and culture whereby so-called primitives in the global South were seen by the West as lacking agency and capability to reshape nature for the sake of civilizational progress. To many in the South, today’s planetary crisis remains connected to legacies from the colonial era and its civilizing mission. This includes systemic legacies from the violence suffered by ecosystems and communities, and devaluation of traditional worldviews on the balance between humans and nature. Reimagining human development requires a better understanding of the local contours of history and reengaging the pluralism of worldviews that exist across the world on the balance between humans and nature. This process builds on the ongoing re-emergence of the South as a voice in global policy, disrupting the geopolitical consensus around development policy, and generating bottom-up ideas to reshape human development theory in the coming years.
From Global to Planetary
In addition to the above imperatives to reimagine basic concepts such as agency and freedom, and to re-pluralize the geopolitics of knowledge production, transformation will also come from a reimagination of the planet. Relative to a past emphasis on the ‘global’ as a socio-economic and financial-technological frame of reference for development policy, the new 2030 Agenda rests on a notion of the ‘planetary’, in recognition of the planetary boundaries of development. As the existential nature of the planetary crisis catalyzes new hopes and fears around the world, a more holistic planetary worldview could also signal a shift in socio-cultural outlook. Beyond anthropocentric, utilitarian values that underpin modernity, a new planetary ethic can serve as an awakening from the socio-economic allures of globalization in which our sense of self and our ecologically destructive actions have become deeply embedded. Beyond the science of planetary change, a new moral story, narrative and system of values are needed, setting a new planetary ethic and a new vision on the state of nature and the nature of human development.
The 2020 Human Development Report comes at a critical juncture as the world seeks solutions to the planetary crisis and results under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The coming years can be characterized by the continued breach of planetary boundaries and more frequent outbreaks of disasters and pandemics, or it can be defined by a transformation to sustainability. In addition to multilateral agreements, scaled-up finance and technology innovation, transformation will need us to fundamentally rethink development, reimagine the state of nature and the nature of human development, and forge imagine new compact between people and planet.
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Why Your Data Needs to be Encrypted
Data Needs to be Encrypted
In the times we’re living in, you need to take steps to ensure you are protected online. Cyber security threats have become commonplace the world over, and you need to keep your data protected at all times. Let’s see why your data needs to be encrypted.
Online games use data encryption tech, along with social media sites, banks, and other websites and institutions. Data encryption is one of the easiest and most effective ways to do this, yet it’s often overlooked. This post will detail why you should jump on the encryption train.
What is Data Encryption
In simple terms, encryption locks your data away behind a wall of ciphers, which translates regular text into unreadable data. Those who created the encryption have access to a key, which can unlock this data again.
This encryption can’t be unlocked by other users, systems, or even software and therefore protects and hides your data from all threats. This means that, unless you authorize access to it, your data is protected at all times and can’t be read, even if it is stolen.
The Importance of Encryption
Many of us understand how important cybersecurity is. Everything from having a passcode on your smartphone to having a password on your home WiFi is part of your cyber security. However, these things aren’t guaranteed to stop an attack.
This is where encryption enters the frame. Since we live in a digital world, all our most important information and documents are most likely stored online. Bank statements, wills, and investment information can most likely be found on your computer or smartphone.
No security system is foolproof, and unless you are a cyber security expert, you don’t know where the weaknesses in your security are until they are exploited. Hence, once again, why encryption is necessary.
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There are also multiple types of encryption. DES, or Data Encryption Standard, is the lowest form of encryption, and as technology has advanced, it has become obsolete. Triple DES is DES encryption, except it is done three times. Your data is encrypted, decrypted, and then encrypted again, making the unreadable data even more indistinct.
RSA encryption is one of the more popular types of encryption. It is much longer and is widely used for data security. Advanced Encryption Standard, or AES, is the new standard used globally, replacing DES.
TwoFish is currently regarded as one of the fastest forms of encryption, is free, and is becoming more widely used.
What Data do you Need to Encrypt
What Data do you Need to Encrypt
If you are new to encryption, you may now be thinking about all the data you need to protect. However, that is unnecessary, as the data which needs protection is everything with personal information about you.
Considering we bank online and store photos of IDs or something similar on our phones or computers, we often forget how much of our seriously personal information we have just lying about in emails or documents on our desktops.
The first thing you should do is consolidate all this information, ensure it is all in the same place, and then encrypt it. This should be done regularly, and it is something you need to keep on top of if you want to protect yourself efficiently.
Another thing to remember, don’t store your encryption keys, decryption keys, and encrypted data all in the same place. Have a couple of flash drives that you keep in a safe with the keys on them, and ensure no one outside of those you trust knows they are there.
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You must also not forget your backups. Cloud storage is standard nowadays, but the data you are saving is still vulnerable to attack. Remember to encrypt that data as well.
Why Encryption is Necessary Now More Than Ever
Hacks, phishing emails, malware, and ransomware are all on the rise. Individuals and companies are being targeted regularly, and you need to ensure your information is protected constantly. Hence, businesses should use GoAnywhere’s Managed File Transfer. GoAnywhere’s ftp server solution has cybersecurity practices that are ensured using strong authentication methods.
Hacking is big business. Millions of dollars are stolen each year through hacks and phishing. Individuals are losing their life savings because they made the simple mistake of exposing their banking information to the wrong people.
Internet privacy has also become a serious concern to many people. Encryption turns your online information into private messages. Most email clients have an encryption option that you can choose to perform the same task.
Cyber security is coming under threat more and more, and while you may think your data isn’t significant enough to be stolen, this couldn’t be further from the truth. Hackers are looking for anything they can get their hands on.
You mustn’t forget that hackers are looking to gain access to mass amounts of data and information; therefore, who they get that information from is irrelevant. This is why encryption needs to become an integral part of your online security protocol.
It is easy to do, doesn’t take much time at all, and offers an incredibly high level of protection compared to the minimal amount of time and effort it requires to complete regularly. There are also several free tools, meaning there is no excuse not to encrypt your data right now.
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Jesus on reconciliation and community
Jesus said to his disciples:
“If your brother sins against you,
go and tell him his fault between you and him alone.
If he does not listen,
take one or two others along with you,
so that every fact may be established
on the testimony of two or three witnesses.
If he refuses to listen to them, tell the Church.
If he refuses to listen even to the Church,
Amen, I say to you,
whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven,
and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.
about anything for which they are to pray,
it shall be granted to them by my heavenly Father.
For where two or three are gathered together in my name,
there am I in the midst of them.” (Mt 18:15-20)
Although this passage at first looks as though it is about correcting a fault in a brother or sister in the church, Jesus’s words speak to me even more about reconciliation. One reason to think so is that the passage specifically concerns what to do if someone has hurt a particular individual, personally. Here the rift is initially between two people. Jesus starts by encouraging communication: if someone has hurt you, it’s a good idea to go to the person and to try to explain why. Listening is also presented as a virtue: if the brother listens, then perhaps reconciliation can already take place. Of course, there is a good chance in any scenario that the hurt is mutual, in which case the person who goes to his brother may himself or herself also have to listen and to receive what the other person has to say.
Jesus also offers a strategy for what to do if the other person won’t listen or is uncommunicative: to seek the support of friends. Certainly I know from female friendships that trying to work things out between two people in conflict sometimes takes place by the actions of others in one’s same group of friends–perhaps a third, mutual friend can offer support to both people and ideas for how to encourage reconciliation. Jesus encourages the care and support of the larger community in cases of a rift or of sinning.
Then Jesus says that if this communicative approach does not work, to treat the other person like a Gentile (non-Jew) or a tax collector. While at first glance, that might look like permission to exclude the person who refuses reconciliation from the larger community, when we consider how Jesus himself treated tax collectors and Gentiles, it means the opposite! This Gospel passage comes from the Gospel according to Matthew, who was himself a tax collector then called by Jesus to be an apostle. In other Gospel passages, Jesus ministers to Samaritans, Gentiles such as the Roman centurion, and other outsiders. So, to treat someone like a tax collector or a Gentile is to continue to love them and to minister to their needs where possible. For example, in a personal rift where another person refuses reconciliation, one can pray for the other’s well being with sincerity of heart. This action of relationship in prayer is also reconciling, if imperfect reconciliation– since it is not yet face to face restoration of friendship and care. Jesus’s words emphasize that we are always to restore relationship where possible: even with that difficult family member or with other members of the community, who are, after all, in Christ also our family.
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Coast redwood
Post Fire Early Winter Mixed Conifer Forest
The widespread mixed conifer forest in the hills of Santa Cruz County’s North Coast is drippy wet now, even between storms. Seventeen months ago, the CZU Lightning Complex Fire devoured tens of thousands of acres of mixed conifer forest just north of Santa Cruz. Now, there are thousands and thousands of stark blackened standing dead trees. There are also living and resprouting trees. The dead and the living conifers tower over a wet, glistening, vibrantly green, and lush understory. It is slippery and hikeable now, but as the trees fall and the brush grows up it will become impossible to explore until the next fire…a decade away.
The lush post fire understory of a mixed conifer forest. Above Davenport, CA December 2021
What is Mixed Conifer Forest?
Mixed conifer forest is our most common forest type. While it is true that we have patches of redwood-dominated forest and patches of Douglas fir-dominated forest, many areas have a mix of the two. At the larger scale, peering out of an airplane at 10,000 feet, all of the local forested landscape includes a mix of conifers – redwood, Douglas fir, knobcone pine, ponderosa pine, Monterey pine, and Santa Cruz cypress. Where Douglas fir and coast redwood co-dominate, this type of mixed conifer forest hosts a mix of plants and animals that are distinct to this habitat type. Low light levels from a high, dense canopy and a preponderance of difficult to digest resinous needles are important factors determining what else can live in this habitat type.
Flaming Bark
The mixed conifer forests burned unevenly in August of 2020. Douglas fir trees take a little coaxing, but coast redwood trees take real convincing, to burn. There are many more fire-killed Douglas firs than redwoods. During the last two fires, I watched both redwood and Douglas fir trees catch on fire. Fire seemed to race up Douglas fir trunks, spewing sparks and crackling away whereas redwood trunk flames were slower to move up the tree and was less sparky and noisy.
Unlike redwood, Douglas fir trunks are covered with sticky sap that ignites easily. I heard a story about a teenager that thought it would be fun use a lighter to light some sap on fire on the side of a tree and very shortly needed the help of the fire department to put out the flaming tree, which was threatening the family home.
Glowing Holes
For weeks after the initial fire storm, glowing spots throughout the forest decorated the night. Mostly, these were the smoldering stumps of trees that had died long before the fire. In the mixed conifer forest, there were many dead or dying madrones and tan oaks that had been shaded out. These hardwood stumps made for some hot holes that burned for days. Some smaller Douglas fir trees had also died before the fire, but they burned up quicker. There are now quite a few treacherous holes making forest hiking more interesting.
Solanum sp, Nemophila sp, Claytonia sp., and more…all covering the post fire forest floor
Understory Greens
The rains have germinated 3” deep shag carpets of lush herbs and hydrated huge patches of shorter bright mosses below blackened tree trunks. Miner’s lettuce, phacelias, and weedy forget-me-nots make the carpet. In patches, taller plants like hedge nettle, blackberry, nightshade and many other plants add to the hillsides of bright green. Many areas are already dotted with white, pink, or purple blossoms brought on by the winter rains and encouraged by warm bright days between storms. A lot more sunlight hits the forest floor now. Where there are patches of live trees, the understory is less thick. In some places, the fire left small hillside meadows, without any trees at all.
The forest soil is still black and slippery with soot and ash. During each of my recent forest hikes, I have slipped and would have tumbled a long way were it not for my grip on the very strong 4’ tall redwood basal sprouts. The soil, in the hotter burned places where the understory herb seeds were destroyed, is covered by strikingly bright mosses littered by needles and small branches blown from the few remaining live trees somewhere uphill or up wind.
Post Fire Wildlife
The burning of the mixed conifer forests means more food for more birds: redwood and Douglas fir forests normally have few seed producing plants, but that’s changed now. In mixed coniferous forest, deer have little to eat; now, the forest floor is covered with deer food. It is easy to see the birds and easy to find the deer tracks. Sharp deer hooves, forming new trails, cut through mosses and lush hillside wildflowers, exposing forest soil. The tracks crisscross the steep hills, patches of tasty miner’s lettuce chewed off. I’ve been seeing deer beds of very flattened understory plants, mostly on level spots along old logging roads. Expect healthy coats on momma deer, more big antlered bucks and spotted big eyed deer twins navigating the hills on dainty legs this spring. Mountain lions prefer dark forest to move around, but they’ll be enjoying more food while the forest canopy grows back.
Fire Makes Beaches and Bonfires
Mostly, the forest floor is healing, and little erosion has been happening. The exception is where humans created roads during the early logging days. To create roads on hills, people carved uphill and dumped the soil they removed downhill. This is called ‘cut and fill’ road engineering. Sometimes the fill side buried logs and stumps which burned under these old roads in the recent fire. Now, the uphill scar is unstable in many places, the fire having destroyed the stabilizing plants. Between burned out fill sides and steep, less vegetated cut sides…there is lots of erosion. Throughout the fire, you can find large and small scallops of hillside slumping onto the old roads or downhill from the roads towards the creeks. Besides being activated post-fire, this legacy of disturbance is most evident now that you can better see the soil surface across the hillsides.
With the couple large storms we had, streams have been carrying soil and logs. Local streams are flowing with mud, as evidenced by the ocean’s big brown plume up and down the coast right after the last storm. That mud will sort out and the sand part will become our beaches- bigger beaches after fires? We’ll see.
One local stream was more black then brown for a while- probably because of ash and soot. Streams are also carrying logs. Judging from the scouring of streamsides, streams have been blocked by post fire logs (ever encounter the term ‘logjam?’); those blockages eventually give way and are swept downstream with great force, battering and baring stream banks downstream and far up their banks. Those logs become driftwood on the fire-augmented sandy beaches. That driftwood will become the bonfires for rocking all night parties that the Coastal Commission has just sanctioned by mandating the creation of 24-hour parking lots from Santa Cruz to Davenport. So, part of the post wildfire wildlife effects will be the noisy, blazing, smoky disturbance of whatever shorebirds were counting on nocturnal refuge on those once peaceful beaches. The CZU mixed conifer forest flames will carry on for human and non-human animals alike, for better or for worse.
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Problem With a Fan-Tex Ash Tree That Has Brown Curling Leaves
“Fan-Tex” or “Rio Grande” ash (Fraxinus velutina “Fan-Tex” or “Rio Grande”) is a fast-growing deciduous shade tree with bright gold fall foliage. It grows to a mature height of 50 feet and is hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 7 to 11. This tree can be attacked by many different types of insects and is susceptible to a variety of diseases and environmental disorders, but there are only a few diseases that cause brown curling leaves.
Anthracnose Disease
Anthracnose is caused by fungi that infect “Fan-Tex” ash trees, causing irregular, dry, brown dead areas on the leaves before they drop from the tree. Young leaves curl and distort. The tree’s branches and twigs may also be killed. Cankers may form on the branches, twigs and trunk. The disease gets much worse and spreads during rainy seasons. There is no treatment, but anthracnose is rarely serious and often clears up on its own when dry weather arrives.
Ash Dieback
Ash dieback is caused by fungi that most commonly infects “Raywood” ash (Fraxinus oxycarpa “Raywood”), which is hardy in USDA zones 6 to 9, but it can infect other types of ash. It causes the leaves to turn brown or yellow and the edges of the leaves to curl up, usually in patches throughout the tree. The leaves wilt and the branches die off. This disease can also cause witch’s broom, with groups of short, distorted twigs that resemble a broom. There is no treatment for this disease and it can be fatal to the tree. Provide good basic care to help the tree survive as long as possible.
Verticillium Wilt
Verticillium wilt is caused by fungi that infect “Fan-Tex“ ash trees. The leaves fade, turn yellow and brown and wilt with their edges curled under throughout the tree. Branches and new shoots wilt and die, commonly beginning on one side. There are often dark stains just beneath the bark on recently infected wood. The entire tree may die within a week or live for many years with the disease. Prune off the dead branches and provide good basic care to help the tree survive. Disinfect pruning equipment with a bleach solution or household disinfectant between each cut.
Caring for Diseased “Fan-Tex” Trees
Sufficient water and fertilizer will help the “Fan-Tex” ash tree recover or at least last longer and postpone having to remove it. Give the tree 10 to 12 gallons of water per 20 square feet of canopy every ten days to two weeks when it does not get water from rain. Spread the water evenly over the area beneath the canopy and about 5 feet beyond. Sprinkle 2 pounds of 18-6-12, 12-6-6 or 10-8-4 fertilizer on the ground below the tree canopy and extending out 5 feet. Apply the fertilizer in late winter or early spring before the “Fan-Tex” ash begins to grow new foliage.
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Assorted Opinions: Unusual Turnout
Posted by ractrose on 13 Nov 2020 in Nonfiction
Cartoon of party operative rationalizing
Assorted Opinions
Unusual Turnout
Much noise has been made this week in pursuit of voter fraud claims…so far found unwarranted. But there’s another side to this coin that the noise drowns out: election fraud. Tales of voter fraud—individuals forging ID in some way, then voting more than once—have the problem of scale. It’s hard to dream up ways outsiders, in suitable numbers, can break into the system.
Joe Biden has won the US election by tens of thousands of votes, per state. For TV scaremongering alone, white vans and hacked machines may work. They don’t work as proof in the courtroom.
On the other hand, there’s the inside job.
We’ve seen a lot of evidence, as to voter suppression practiced by parties in control. Suppression operates through gerrymandered districts, messaging aimed to discourage; through inconvenience, obstruction, and what’s known as the runaround: difficulties reaching the right person, supplying the right information, receiving return contacts (forms and instructions) in a timely fashion, etc.
The following is a speculative scenario. If you know of anything that contradicts or improves it, feel free to comment!
A state government is controlled by one political party. The majority of the state’s counties are controlled by the same party.
The party fixes elections in this way:
Of eligible voters a percentage will sit out any given election. [For the US total, in 2016, 136.8 million votes were cast, out of a voting age population of 245.5 million (Pew Research)] It is projected that a certain multiple will guarantee victory. Each controlled county has an expected percentage of registered voters “in play”. Each county has a party operative on-site. The party’s consultants determine numbers that can take an unusual voter turnout into account, and can be contained within the boundaries of the possible, as to the total numbers of voters registered to each party, plus independent voters, in each county.
A sequence of dozens to hundreds of ballots are extracted from the bottom third of total ballots, precinct by precinct, for each party-controlled county. Each county has one scanning machine “closeted”, into which prepared ballots can be loaded. This is done on election day, so that neither the late-sequencing numbers, nor the intermittent appearance of these ballots in the total count will look out of place…late-sequencing numbers have been chosen for that reason.
The problem of connecting numbered ballots to individual voters (the voter fraud requisite) is overcome because this is a state-run, insider exploit, not a person or group outside the center of power attempting fraud. If Joe Smith tries to vote twice, he will be found out, as the election board will have a record of which ballot was mailed to him, or his registration will have been checked at the polls. But if a corrupt state party controlling the ballots—from printing, to storage, to distribution—fills out several and votes them, the likelihood is small one will be pulled for audit. Most (if any) contested elections don’t involve trying to locate and interview each voter. The county’s party operative removes the ballots voted on the closeted machine; these are always under her control, always held aside, boxed and marked “conditional”, or any term that implies governmental process, and keeps them sequestered.
The trick depends on no cause existing for suspicion, if during the count the party’s candidate rises to a number that fits within expectations. If his lead grows as the night goes on, no one will see reason why it should not, the party being dominant in that state and that particular county. Provided the party operative loads ballots into the closeted machine in tranches, with a close eye on tallies, and provided the margin of victory adheres to the calculations, this activity will call no special attention to itself.
The set-aside boxes can be included in recounts, because they are entirely valid in numbering and type and appearance (they are entirely valid altogether, just fraudulently voted), and only a random auditing process—checking for fraud, not miscounts—would match a ballot to an actual person. But if an audit occurs, the party operative can withhold the closeted ballots and, very helpfully, assist the auditor’s accessing regular ones.
Poll workers can only account for their individual actions. While they’re at home and another shift is working, they have no eye on the process, but have no cause to doubt, either, totals they hear on the news. Watkins County can’t know the correct numbers for Duncan county, and Duncan County can’t know the correct numbers for Pierre County, etc.
Success comes down to a sleight of hand, where the telling proofs need never be front and center, but always slipped aside, the votes that ensure the candidate’s victory always under someone else’s watch, or in some circumstance where no one can wholly account for timeline and chain of custody. (A magic that bureaucracies can perform, and individuals can’t.) Any single closeted ballot will not yield much information, as no registration found to match it may mean the record was lost, mis-entered, damaged, or accidentally destroyed.
The corrupt party thus has a lot of leeway, in the use of their “insurance” ballots. In most elections, they can boost their candidate enough to avoid recounts and scrutiny, and keep up that discouraging messaging to the other party’s voters—that the side in power always wins, and that it’s a waste of time to stand in line. But in years that confound their predictions of voter turnout, they may not be able to risk investing enough insurance to alter outcomes.
Unusual Turnout
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(2020, Stephanie Foster)
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Why does Britain have a base in Cyprus?
The United Kingdom retains a military presence on the island in order to keep a strategic location at the eastern end of the Mediterranean, for use as a staging point for forces sent to locations in the Middle East and Asia. BFC is a tri-service command, with all three services based on the island reporting to it.
Is there an American base in Cyprus?
In numerous occasions military bases, ports and airports such as the Port of Limassol and the Larnaca International Airport respectively, have been used for humanitarian and support purposes by the US. … The U.S. Embassy in Cyprus is located in Engomi area, within the capital city of Nicosia.
What is the UK involvement in Cyprus?
Is Cyprus owned by UK?
IT IS INTERESTING: What country is Cyprus located in?
Does UK own part of Cyprus?
The United Kingdom granted independence to Cyprus on 16 August 1960 and formed the Republic of Cyprus. … As part of the independence agreement, the United Kingdom retained possession of the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia as a British Overseas Territory.
Is it safe to swim in the sea in Cyprus?
Cyprus has more than 650 Km of coastline with sandy beaches and warm sea, comfortable for swimming from early May to October. Safe swimming areas are marked by red buoys, which indicate the areas where speed-boats and any other floating craft are not allowed to enter.
Safety in the Water
Red Swimming Forbidden
Is Cyprus a US ally?
The United States established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Cyprus (ROC) in 1960 following its independence from the United Kingdom. … The United States does not recognize the “TRNC,” nor does any country other than Turkey. A substantial number of Turkish troops remain on the island.
Who owns Cyprus?
How many British soldiers were killed in Cyprus?
What part of Cyprus is British?
The Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia ( abbr. SBA) is a British Overseas Territory on the island of Cyprus.
IT IS INTERESTING: How do I get from Rhodes to Cyprus?
What part of Cyprus is owned by Turkey?
How many hours is Cyprus from UK?
The air travel (bird fly) shortest distance between Cyprus and United Kingdom is 3,597 km= 2,235 miles. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles) from Cyprus to United Kingdom, It takes 3.99 hours to arrive.
Is Cyprus Open to UK tourists?
After an uptick in coronavirus cases, the UK has been put on Cyprus’s red list for travel, effective from 8 July. The move means that, while British travellers are still permitted to enter the country quarantine-free, they must submit to another PCR test on arrival, in addition to one 72 hours prior to departure.
Did the British fight in Cyprus?
Sunny Cyprus
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Tech Tips: Power Supplies… The Forgotten Component
28 Oct, 2020, 8:42 AM
Nearly every system we do involves a power supply of some type, from the humble 16vAC plug pack with an alarm panel, all the way through to 20Amp rack mounted power supplies. A constant failing in system design is not allowing enough power. Be it not enough supplies, the wrong type of supplies or not enough battery backup.
DC type power supplies fall into 2 broad categories, switch mode or linear. In general switch mode supplies are cheaper, but linear supplies are superior for our applications.
Switch mode supply:
A switch mode power supply is basically a supply which is ‘over voltage’ and is switched off and on fairly quickly to generate the required voltage by averaging the supplied voltage. Eg 16v for ¾ of the time and 0V for ¼ averages out at 12v. The advantage of this is that the supply components, including the transformer can be down rated as they are not always on. The disadvantages include that these supplies are inherently electrically noisy due to the switching and also tend to have a larger ripple. The ripple is how much variation there is on the DC supply voltage. A ripple of 0.05v is insignificant, but a ripple of 0.5v is. The electrical noise means they can interfere with RF type devices like proximity readers. Also when a large percentage of the load is removed from a switch mode supply the supply voltage tends to spike up significantly for a short period of time eg when a few locks are de energised simultaneously.
Linear mode supply:
A linear supply is a constant DC supply clamped down to the supply voltage. These power supplies are much cleaner electrically (no high frequency noise). They also have much lower ripple. As these supplies constantly supply the required voltage (no switch on / off) they are more stable over varying loads. The major disadvantages of linear power supplies is that they are more expensive, are normally much larger and generate more heat.
In general, 30% should be allowed as overhead in power supply capacity eg a 2.5Amp power supply should not be used for a load greater than 1.75Amp. This allows for a little system growth and ensures that the supplies are not overloaded with the initial rush current.
Many sites require battery backup. One of the most common faults I see is inadequate battery backup. Most specs call for 4 or 8hrs battery backup capacity. With a single 7Ah battery in a power supply that has a continuous load of 1.75Amps the expected battery backup time would be 7Ah ¸1.75A= 4 Hours nominally. In the real world, batteries have a discharge curve which means that as they discharge the supply voltage decreases so an allowance of about 20% needs to be made, so our above example will realistically only supply 3 ¼ hrs. Even less if the batteries are old
and have decayed.
Potential earth loops:
Please be wary of any power supply that earth references the negative of the supply to the earth pin of the 240V plug. This WILL cause problems in the real world in the form of earth loops. Most commonly these will occur on larger camera systems and on modular type access control systems.
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How did Judaism originate and spread?
Judaism diffused mainly through relocation diffusion during the Jewish Diaspora. … The Roman Empire took over Israel in 73 AD, forcing the Jewish people out of their homeland and into Asia, Europe, and Africa.
How did Judaism spread quizlet?
How did Judaism spread? Jews scattered outside of Palestine after the Babylonian exile (the diaspora). Many Jews became merchants and their religion was spread through trade. A monotheistic religion based off of the fundamentals of Judaism founded in 33 C.E. by Jesus.
How has Judaism affected society?
Judaism marked the beginning of a revolutionary idea that laid the groundwork for social reform: humans have the ability and therefore the responsibility to stop injustices in the world. The Jews were the first to decide that it was their responsibility as the Chosen People to fight against inequality in the world.
Which is a holy book of Judaism Brainly?
Who do the Jews worship?
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What is the oldest religion?
What did Judaism influence?
Judaism influenced the development of Christianity and Islam, and had a major influence on Western civilization – Christianity, the eventually dominant religious faith of the West, was in large part a child of the Hebrew religion.
Why is Judaism important to Christianity?
For Christianity, the sacred books of Judaism, called the Old Testament, are taken as a preparation for the final revelation that God would make through Christ–a revelation that is written in the books of the New Testament.
Why are laws and ethics important in Judaism?
Drawing upon the covenant made between God and the Patriarchs and Moses, Judaism provides an important ethical dimension; the commandments aim to establish a society that was just by the standards of the day and distinctive in its service of God.
What are Judaism major beliefs?
What is the main message of the Torah?
IT IS INTERESTING: What does the word sacred mean in Hebrew?
Israel travel guide
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Contact US
The Standards that are Set for Translating Medical Device Information
By July 24, 2017General
Medical Device Translation
In the European Union (EU) alone, the medical devices industry attracts yearly sales that exceed 95 billion euro. It also employs 570,000 people. The EU has 24 official languages that are spread throughout 28 states, 9 more remote regions and 21 territories and overseas countries. If a medical device is to be marketed in the EU that’s an awful lot of translation work to effectively cover every possible language. So basically a medical device is a big deal in the EU.
What is a Medical Device?
This covers quite a large variety of devices such as plasters for wounds and pacemakers that monitor heart rhythm. The people who purchase and use a medical device could be a physician who will need adequate instructions on use and a patient who will need instructions too. The producer will need to provide help information and handbooks in the languages of the purchaser and if medical professionals like doctors and care givers are involved they will need to be able to understand how to use and monitor the medical device.
There is an organisation called the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and another called the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). These bodies help to guide the manufacturers of medical devices so that the consumer gets a quality translation which is their right. The target is to provide informative, accurate materials so that the consumer knows what he or she is buying.
The translators for a medical device translation do have to meet stringent standards as set jointly by the European Union of Associations of Translation Companies (EUATC) and the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). This ensures that a translation company’s translations are up to scratch and can be trusted as accurate.
Machine translation (MT) has a set standard called ISO 18587. This deals with MT and post-editing, the amount of post-editing and post-editors’ qualifications. This standard is used in all translations to maintain a high-quality translation.
The standard ISO/TS 11669:2012 covers translation projects in a more general sense offering a standard for those who wish to take advantage of a translation service and for those who are selling translation services.
The Regulators for Medical Device Standards
The standard 90/385/EEC European Council Directives has been defined for active implantable medical devices and the standard 98/79/EC for vitro diagnostic medical devices. If medical device translations don’t conform to these rules the product could be seized and even a criminal prosecution may take place. These standards are for guidance and are in the interests of protecting public health so reliable translations are essential to ensure the user’s benefit.
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The Nutrigenomics-report provides insight into your genetic predisposition to various metabolic processes in the body. Genetic differences determine, in part, the differing needs for different nutrients between individuals based on the effectiveness of absorption and processing.
A genetic profile can help make the right choices to meet the body’s daily nutrient needs.
Healthy weight
Achieving and/or maintaining a healthy weight deserves extra attention in this time, where food is in abundance and our daily exercise is quite easily minimal.
This section provides insight into your personal energy needs and whether you are currently at a healthy weight. In addition, 30 genetic variants are mapped that may entail an increased risk of overweight.
We can tell you based on that whether you have a reduced, average or increased predisposition to obesity.
The macronutrients: fats, proteins and carbohydrates, are the nutrients that we need in large quantities to provide our body with energy and building materials.< /p>
All macronutrients are essential for the body and are all present in a healthy and balanced diet. The Nutrigenomics-report provides insight into the genetic basis for a guideline of the optimal ratio in which you can include these nutrients in your diet.
This is also known as a macronutrient profile.
The micronutrients are the nutrients of which we only need small amounts, but are essential for our body.
The micronutrients can be divided into vitamins and minerals. A deficiency of one of these micronutrients in the diet can lead to physical and mental complaints.
Genetic variants influence the metabolism of these nutrients and can potentially increase the risk of deficiency.
Salt sensitivity
Salt is used as a seasoning and preservative. For this reason, salt is added to (ready-made) food products and used during cooking to flavor vegetables and potatoes, for example.
In this way we ingest relatively much salt every day, often unnoticed. Salt is important for the fluid balance of our body. It causes fluid retention, which leads to more fluid and thus more blood in the arteries, which can lead to high blood pressure.
A (too) high blood pressure can eventually cause cardiovascular disease and should therefore be prevented as much as possible. Genetic variants can predispose to an extra large effect of salt intake on blood pressure. If you are a carrier of these variants, it is wise to be extra careful with salt in the diet.
Do you know?
Food is not only a basic necessity of life, but it is also very interesting! That is why the Nutrigenomics-report also provides some fun facts about nutrition.
How do you experience the flavors bitter and savory (umami), for example? ? Are you extra sensitive to alcohol and does your urine smell like that after eating asparagus?
And are you genetically a real coffee lover? , or does a cup of coffee after dinner lead to a sleepless night? With the Nutrigenomics-report you will find out the best facts about yourself.
Healthy weight
Macronutrient Balance
Salt sensitivity
Do you know?
Want more information about these DNA nutritional reporting components? Read the articles below now:
body package
Most chosen!
Stress-genomics + Somnogenomics
& Stress-genomics
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Timeline Of Events Of Germany. Italy And The Rest Of The World Ib History Timeline
2253 words - 10 pages
History Timeline 1933 – 1940 Ashlea Cross
27 February - The Reichstag Fire breaks out which is blamed on the Communists by Hitler. The Decree of the Reich President for the Protection of People and State is decreed by President Hindenburg which is used by the Nazis to suspend freedom of the press, speech, and association. Leading communists were also arrested and imprisoned.
5 March - In the Federal Elections the Nazis win 43.9% of the vote and 288 seats, continuing as the largest party in the Reichstag, yet falling short of the 324 seats needed for a majority.
24 March - The Enabling Act is passed, giving Hitler the power to pass laws without the consent of the Reichstag. The Act was voted by 2⁄3 majority, with Hitler gaining the support of the Centre Party and D NVP, and by preventing the communists from taking their seats. Hitler used the act to ban all political parties and trade unions, consolidating his power.
15 July - The Four-Power Pact (Quadripartite Pact) signed in Rome between Italy, France, Germany and Britain. Under Mussolini’s influence, the Pact was designed to increase the role of ‘Great Powers’ in international diplomacy at the expense of smaller powers and was heralded as a success for Mussolini.
23 October - Hitler withdraws Germany from the World Disarmament Conference at Geneva, blaming the French for refusing to allow Germany to have parity in arms. He also withdrawals from the League of Nations, calling it a French ‘conspiracy’ to keep Germany weak.
26 January - A 10-Year Non-Aggression Pact between Germany and Poland signed. The Pact broke the French diplomatic encirclement of Germany by drawing Poland away from its 1921 alliance with France. The Pact also strengthened the British view of Hitler as a sensible international statesman.
25 July - The July Putsch occurs as Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss is assassinated by Nazi supporters. Italy sends 100,000 troops to its border with Austria at the Brenner Pass to prevent Hitler’s attempts at Anschluss. Hitler backed down. Dollfuss was replaced as Chancellor by the right-wing Kurt von Schuschnigg.
30 June - The Night of the Long Knives begins as Hitler purges the SA and other leaders, with over 200 people killed including Gregor Strasser, Ernst Rohm, and Kurt von Schleicher.
2 August - President Hindenburg dies - With the support of the army, Hitler merges the offices of Chancellor and President, becoming Fuhrer of Germany. Commander-in-chief Werner von Blomberg orders all members of the Wehrmacht to take an oath of loyalty to the Fuhrer.
19 August - Plebiscite held asking the German public whether they approved of Hitler merging the offices of President and Chancell...
2319 words - 10 pages I am for them and I owe them the world for everything that they have done for me. Dance has also had a significant effect on my life as well. Without it, I would not be the person that I am and it is something that will stick with me for the rest of my life. This assignment has also forced me to give thought to events that I did not even realize had that big of an impact on me. Good or bad, big or small, these events have influenced my personality and made me who I am now.
706 words - 3 pages , it took most of Germany's territory and made them pay for the cost of the war. After this treaty many nations grew discontent and many angry people were on the rise again. 4.Character Description The character I am choosing is Woodrow Wilson. Wilson made many contributions to the world at the time. As the us president he declared war on Germany because of broken treaties and other reasons abroad. Wilson also tried to bring peace among the
Infancy Development, A Timeline of What's to Come - Georgian Court, PS221 - Research Paper
2270 words - 10 pages as they grow up. The mother has stated that as her son as grown up he has gotten easier to handle, but he still have rough days. She noticed that now that he can move around more on his own, things have gotten easier. He is just very attached to his mother, so that is something she is trying to work on. As far as the rest of social and emotional development are concerned he is right on track. He has a luvie he is attached to for bedtime. I would
The Rise Of Fascism In Germany
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The History and Origins of Hinduism - World Religions - Essay
3174 words - 13 pages thousands of followers. 3. It is currently the third largest religion in the world. B. Throughout the history of the Hindu religion, there have been several leaders who have developed their own way of life and have gathered followers. Typically, they center around one specific part of Hinduism more than the rest. This highly regarded individual is called Mahariva, who established Jainism around 500 BC. Despite how it is viewed as its very own stand
3240 words - 13 pages quite vague on the effects the treaty had on Germany, as it spoke more of its effects on Europe as a whole continent and not the individual countries involved. Sheffield, G. D. A Short History of the First World War. London: Oneworld Publications, 2014. A Short History of the First World War is a well-written book consisting of a condensed guide to all events leading up to and during World War One. It is a secondary source other than texts
Was the Treaty of Versailles harsh or lenient to Germany?
369 words - 2 pages The Treaty of Versailles was harsh to Germany. The reparations to the Allies was a heavy burden to Germany, it could not rebuild the economy after the war. The territorial arrangement led to loss of land and loss of Germans. The disarmament weakened its military power.Firstly, reparation of $6,600 millions for the losses and damages caused by the war to the Allies was a heavy burden to Germany. It had no money but it needed to pay for the
2277 words - 10 pages Free have qualified as his heir, he was considered to be too young. William had been instituting policy in England for over 15 years, and by taking Harold’s crowning, he declared the start of a great battle. He planned to invade England and take over the throne. However, at that time, the Norman army was not strong enough, so nobles as far as Southern Italy were called to gather at Caen in Normandy. In order to convince them to aid him, he promised
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I need to understand the frontier and practical applications of quantum computing.
Is it possible to design a Quantum Computing Advantage to deploy an application on the web, such as a browser, modeling molecules, bot writing code, and other very specific applications? can a quantum computer work with the internet/web of today ?
Quantum computing is not a tool to be used for general purpose computing. In general for most common computer programs quantum computing, even on a perfect machine, would provide little advantage over a CPU. In these programs there is no need to use quantum features such as entanglement. May be you could run programs more efficiently, but then it makes more sense to then just build custom circuits using an FPGA as an accelerator.
The main advantages currently are in scientific modelling, more specifically for combinatorial optimisations, and simulations. This is because we can take advantage of quantum mechanical effects to help evaluate possibilities more efficiently than sampling on a CPU. However, as of today implementations are limited to noisy hardware, and the most reliable algorithms are usually hybrids, such as variational algorithms, where we use the QPU to encode the problem, whilst we still rely upon classical subroutines.
So algorithms such as factoring or HHL, are still considering slightly out of reach of todays QPU, due to the current level of noise and limited qubits that makes it hard to produce reliable results for a purely quantum program.
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