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In a previous post, we introduced two privately-owned companies that are poised to revolutionize the space and engineering industries. These companies included SpaceX, the company founded by Tesla magnate Elon Musk that’s already launching telecommunication satellites into space; and Blue Origin, the secretive company founded by Amazon.com leader Jeff Bezos which is known to be working with NASA to develop an astronaut escape system and composite space capsule prototype as part of its commercial crew program. Those hoping to launch or transition to careers in space and engineering can drastically improve their chances with the help of TSTI’s highly-specialized training courses. Now let’s take a look at three more companies who are helping to usher in the next generation of space exploration. Bigelow Aerospace Founded in 1999, this company is funded by a $180 million investment from Robert Bigelow, owner of the Budget Suites of America hotel chain. Unlike some of the other companies discussed previously, Bigelow Aerospace has chosen to forge its own path toward expandable (inflatable) spacecraft. Engineers at Bigelow Aerospace are responsible for launching two mini-space station prototypes, called Genesis 1 and Genesis 2. They’re also responsible for designing the B330, an expandable space habitat that supports “zero-gravity research including scientific missions, manufacturing processes, a destination for space tourism and a craft for missions destined for the Moon and Mars,” according to Bigelow Aerospace’s website. SpaceDev/Sierra Nevada Corp. Originally established in 1997, this company was acquired by Sierra Nevada Corporation Space Systems in 2008. Founded by computer mogul James Benson, this company’s mission is to provide customers with innovative, responsive and cost-effective space products including Spacecraft Systems, Propulsion Systems, Space Technologies, (they send a mechanism or component into space every 14 days on average totaling 4000 devices flown on 400 missions without a failure) and Space Exploration Systems. Sierra Nevada Corp partnered with NASA to design and build a commercial system capable of transporting crew and cargo to and from low-Earth orbit. Virgin Galactic Founded in 2004 by British Billionaire Sir Richard Branson, Virgin Galactic is a consumer-facing enterprise focused on making recreational space travel accessible to the masses as the first commercial spaceline. Rather than creating a craft that can launch satellites or allow astronauts to travel further into our solar system, Virgin Galactic hopes to create a suborbital vehicle that can carry six passengers and two pilots high into the atmosphere for a ride that will put ever roller coaster on Earth to shame. Engineers at Virgin Galactic are responsible for two vehicle types: WhiteKnightTwo and SpaceShipTwo. WhiteKnightTwo was specifically designed to carry SpaceShipTwo up to an altitude of approximately 50,000 feet for a safe and efficient air launch. Hopefully, this list has helped you to see the exciting potential of space and engineering fields. If you want to take your engineering career to the next level, TSTI can help! Browse our full selection of astronautic engineering courses that can help you gain positions with companies that are changing the world.
A Tidal Wave of Arc-Flash Hazard Calculation Studies For what started as a slow drip a decade ago has turned into something more like a tidal wave. I’m not talking about a leaky faucet or a failing dam; I am referring to arc-flash hazard calculation studies. Years ago, only a few mostly larger companies performed these complex studies. Then little by little, the “drip” of studies turned into a steady stream and today, the arc-flash hazard calculation study (AFHCS) has become an integral part of many electrical safety programs. It was ten years ago that IEEE 1584, known as “IEEE Guide for Performing Arc Flash Hazard Calculations,” was first introduced. This landmark document defines equations and methods that have become key components of the AFHCS. Although the “drip” might have started in the United States, the “tidal wave” has now washed across the entire globe and arc-flash studies are becoming more common in other countries as well. Arc-Flash Hazard Calculation Study When you first attempt to perform the arc-flash study, it can seem quite intimidating. Even with the help of commercially available computer programs, knowing what data to use, how to model the system and how to interpret the results can leave you scratching your head. The concept of the study is really quite simple. At each piece of electrical equipment that is part of the study, calculations are performed to determine the prospective incident energy that could be available to a worker during an arc flash. The magnitude of incident energy, given in terms of calories per square centimeter (cal/cm2), is used to define the severity of the arc flash as well as to determine which protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to use. In addition to the incident energy calculations, a distance known as the arc-flash boundary (AFB) must also be determined. The AFB defines the distance from a prospective arc source where the incident energy drops to 1.2 cal/cm2. This level of incident energy can produce the onset of a second degree burn which is also called a “just curable burn” and is the threshold where protection is required. NFPA 70E requires the use of properly rated protective clothing and PPE when people are working within this boundary and an arc-flash hazard is present. IEEE 1584 Guide for Performing Arc Flash Hazard Calculations IEEE 1584 is the most commonly used method for calculating incident energy and the arc-flash boundary. The IEEE equations were empirically derived from hundreds of arc-flash tests and are valid for systems operating from 208 volts up through 15 kV with short-circuit currents ranging from 700 amps up through 106,000 amps. Even though many arc-flash events begin with contact from only one phase to ground or one phase to another phase, it is possible that the conducting plasma that develops from the arc could quickly engulf the other phases and escalate into a larger three-phase arc flash. As a result, to be conservative, the IEEE equations assume the arc flash involves all three phases. Where to Begin? Although the arc-flash hazard calculation study can appear to be overwhelming, it can be more easily managed if the entire process is broken down into smaller simpler steps. Attempting to look at the entire study process all at once, especially if this is your first one, can bring on a feeling of panic. Take it one step at a time! Step One – Data Collection To accurately model the power system under study, a significant amount of data is required. Depending on the system’s size, age, and complexity, as well as what data is readily available from previous studies and documents, this effort could require a significant amount of manpower. Data requirements typically include information about the utility company’s available short-circuit current as well as their protective devices. Also required is impedance data from components such as conductors and transformers as well as from other sources of short-circuit current such as motors and generators. Protective device data, the type of equipment such as whether it is a panel, switchgear or switchboard, as well as other information such as working distances and gap distances, give you an idea of how much effort will be required. Step Two – Single-Line Diagram and System Modeling An up-to-date single-line diagram is also necessary to document and organize the data. If a single line already exists, it must be verified and updated with any changes that may have occurred over time. Where a single-line diagram does not already exist, one will need to be created. Many power systems can be operated under different configurations such as a bus tie open or closed, or operating under normal source conditions or from an emergency generator. This can result in a different level of incident energy depending on how the system is configured at the time. The single-line diagram can be used to assist in defining different operating scenarios as shown in figure 1. In addition to the normal configuration, “what if” scenarios may also be necessary to determine whether any of the alternate configurations could produce results worse than the base case. Step Three – Arcing Short-Circuit Current IEEE 1584 provides equations for calculating the “arcing” short-circuit current based on using a known “bolted” short-circuit current obtained from a traditional short-circuit study. The “bolted” condition means that no additional impedance is at the point of the fault. It acts as if there is a bolted or welded connection. The “arcing” current results when the short-circuit current jumps across an air gap, typically created from a conductor or conducting object either melting or being blown back. The additional impedance of the air gap means the “arcing” short-circuit current will always be less than the “bolted” value. Step Four – Arc Flash Duration Incident energy is not only dependent on the arcing short-circuit current, it is directly dependent on the duration of the arc flash. The longer the arc flash lasts, the greater the total incident energy exposure. Normally, the duration is defined by how long it takes a protective device upstream from the arc flash to operate. For this evaluation, time current curves such as illustrated in figure 2 are used. The calculated arcing short-circuit current is located on the horizontal axis of the graph. Drawing a vertical line, the point at which the current value intersects the protective devices time current curve defines the duration in seconds. Step Five – Incident Energy Incident energy calculations are used to determine how much energy can reach a person located at a specific distance, known as the “working distance,” from the source of the arc. The specific working distance used depends on the type of equipment and is typically defined as either 18, 24 or 36 inches, although other distances may also be used. The total incident energy available during an arc flash is a direct function of the short-circuit current flowing through the air gap and the time it takes an upstream protective device to clear the fault. In general, the greater the short-circuit current, the greater the incident energy. However, this is not always the case. It is a common belief that the greater the available short-circuit current is at a particular location, the more damage can occur. When it comes to evaluating a protective device’s interrupting and withstand capability, this is a correct statement. However, in the case of an arc flash, it is quite possible that a lower short-circuit current could cause the upstream protective device to take longer to operate and actually increase the overall incident energy exposure. The incident energy is also dependent on whether the arc flash occurs in open air or in a box type of environment such as an equipment enclosure. When an arc occurs in open air, energy can radiate spherically in all directions, and less incident energy is concentrated towards the worker. However, when an arc occurs in a box, the energy is focused out of the opening towards the worker, resulting in much higher incident energy. Step Six – Arc-Flash Boundary The arc-flash boundary is considered to be the minimum distance from a potential source of an arc flash where the incident energy falls to 1.2 cal/cm2. Since this energy level is the threshold of a second degree burn, it is the minimum distance that people not wearing appropriate PPE should be located when an arc-flash hazard exists. The results of an arc-flash calculation study will often yield many different AFBs. This is based on each piece of equipment’s location and unique characteristics as illustrated in the results shown in figure 3. With so many different boundaries there is a potential of causing confusion. Although the individual calculated values are often used, a simpler approach to reduce the confusion is to adopt a more standardized AFB. This requires reviewing the various AFB results and adopting the largest boundary within reason. Reviewing the results of the AFHCS shown in figure 3 indicates the largest AFB is 6.65 feet at the main switchgear. Rounding this value up to 7 or 8 feet could provide the basis for a standardized boundary that can be used at all locations. Remember the AFB does not directly affect the person performing the work. It only affects the person that is not performing the work, i.e., defining how far they need to be from the potential arc flash source. The term “within reason” is used because it is possible to have an unusually large AFB that may not be realistic. The existing IEEE 1584 equations use a protective device’s clearing time as one of the many input variables. If the arcing short-circuit current is low, a protective device’s time current characteristic may indicate an unusually long clearing time, perhaps tens of seconds resulting in an unusually large AFB calculation. Step Seven – PPE Selection Arc-rated (AR) clothing and PPE are designed to protect the worker against the thermal energy exposure from an arc flash. To properly select protective clothing and equipment, the arc rating of the protection must be sufficient for the calculated incident energy. Similar to the situation where a study has many different arc flash boundaries, each piece of equipment will have its own calculated incident energy. The simplest approach for selecting the protective clothing and equipment is to determine the largest incident energy value within reason and select a standard arc rating based on this value. For the study results in figure 3, 12 cal/cm2 would be sufficient based on the largest incident energy value of 10.6 cal/cm2 at Panel 1A. Sometimes there may be a few locations where the incident energy is greater than the arc rating that was selected. In those cases, protection with a higher arc rating can be necessary. Step Eight – Arc Flash Warning Labels Presently there are only minimal requirements regarding the content and format of arc flash warning labels. ANSI Z535 provides guidance about signal words such as Caution, Warning and Danger as well as the appropriate colors to use. The National Electrical Code and NFPA 70E both require the use of labels to warn about the potential arc flash hazard. The 2012 edition of NFPA 70E takes it further and requires specific information to be listed on the label. According to NFPA 70E 130.5(C), the label must contain at least one of the following: • Available incident energy and the corresponding working distance • Minimum arc rating of the clothing • Required level of PPE • Highest hazard/risk category (HRC) for the equipment In addition, the nominal system voltage and arc-flash boundary must also be listed on the label. This information is critical so the qualified person performing the work can properly address the hazards. The earlier 2009 edition of NFPA 70E had fewer requirements for arc-flash labels so the new 2012 edition allows an exception for labels created prior to September 30, 2011, as long as they have the available incident energy or level of PPE listed. Many different label formats have evolved with some preferring to use only the minimum information required while others prefer to include additional data. Although not officially required, the additional information may include items such as the limited, restricted and prohibited approach boundaries found in NFPA 70E as well as other information illustrated in figure 4. Step Nine – Report and Recommendations to Reduce Incident Energy After the arc-flash hazard calculations have been completed, a formal report should be developed that documents as a minimum, the data used, study assumptions, calculation results, PPE recommendations, single-line drawing, a description of the study procedure, as well as recommendations on how to further reduce incident energy exposure. Recommended solutions for reducing incident energy can be divided into two categories depending on the cost and ease of implementation. The first category could contain low-cost or no-cost solutions, such as changing overcurrent device settings. The second category could contain changes requiring some level of expenditure in order of priority based on their costs and benefits. Electrically Safe – The Best Step As complex as an arc-flash study could be, breaking it down into smaller steps can go a long way towards making it more manageable. However, the best step that can be taken to protect the worker against electrical hazards is to only permit work on equipment that is placed into an electrically safe condition. This means it has been de-energized, locked out, tested for the absence of voltage and safety grounds installed if necessary. Only then is the system truly safe to work on. Leave a Reply
Thursday, October 05, 2006 October's Loony Luna During October, we can see the most beautiful moons. There a no other moons throughout the year that compare to the diverse coloring of this satilite in this month. The Moon has figured in many mythologies, often paired or contrasted with the Sun. Many of the most well-known mythologies feature female lunar deities, such as the Greek goddesses Selene and Phoebe and their Olympian successor Artemis, their Roman equivalents Luna and Diana, or the Thracian Bendis. These cultures almost invariably featured a male sun god. It is worth mentioning the cult that appeared in the Medieval Milan at the end of the 14th century. Two women from higher society, Sibillia Zanni and Pietrina de' Bugatis, were brought in 1384 and again in 1390 before the Inquisition for having claimed that, together with others - both living and dead, they worshipped the goddess Madonna Oriente. Madonna Oriente is the Italian translation of the Latin words "Domina Oriens." It has been demonstrated that this name was used to denote the Moon. Those who worshipped her were the first Inquisition victims to be burned as witches, though not the first victims of persecution as witches nor the first victims of the Inquisiton. A feminine lunar connection is easily overstated, however, for male lunar gods are also frequent, such as Nanna or Sin of the Mesopotamians, Mani of the Germanic tribes, Thoth of the Egyptians, the Japanese god Tsukiyomi, Rahko of Finns and Tecciztecatl of the Aztecs. These cultures usually featured female Sun goddesses. While many Neopagan authors and feminist scholars claim that there was an original Great Goddess in prehistoric cultures that was linked to the moon and formed the basis of later religions, the Great Goddess figure is highly speculative and not a proven concept. It is important to note that most of the oldest civilizations mentioned above had male lunar deities, and it was only later cultures — the classical ones most people are familiar with — that featured strong female moon goddesses. The bull was lunar in Mesopotamia (its horns representing the crescent). In the Hellenistic-Roman rites of Mithras, the bull is prominent, with astral significance, but with no explicit connection to the moon. The words 'lunacy," "lunatic," and "loony" are derived from Luna because of the folk belief in the moon as a cause of periodic insanity. It is a feature of modern belief that shapeshifters such as werewolves drew their power from the moon and would change into their bestial form during the full moon, but this feature is largely absent from older folklore. The purported influence of the moon in human affairs remains a feature of astrology. No comments:
There are as many kinds of discrimination and harassment in the workplace as there are laws put in place to protect against it. Federal, state, and local law agencies have all put in place laws that protect the employee from unnecessary discrimination and harassment. Despite all of that, many employees can feel overwhelmed when discrimination starts happening to them. What can you do if you face workplace discrimination? Make your harasser aware of your feelings towards his/her behavior. If the person discriminating against you is a direct supervisor, go above his/her head to make your complaint. Many companies have specific departments or avenues in which you can make your feelings aware. Let your employer know that you are taking the matter seriously. Ensure that each complaint is met with a proper investigation and a written report. Make multiple written reports and complaints as necessary. Follow through with all investigations and reports and make sure they know you expect prompt action. Consider contacting an outside organization. The Equal Employment Opportunities Commission is a good place to start for resources. Telling a third party about your ongoing discrimination or harassment is a good step to getting the situation the attention it deserves. Keep a diary to log all instances of discrimination or harassment. For each complaint, make an entry as quickly as possible after the incident. Record everything you can remember about it, including location, date, time, and any witnesses who may have seen or heard something. Keep notes, photos, or objects that were given, sent, or left for you that are part of the incidents. For example, if any offensive images or messages are left at your desk or on a public bulletin board, take them down but resist the urge to crumple them up or throw them away. Keeping these with your journal may provide important evidence later on. Review your employer’s handbook or policy book. Look for mentions of their discrimination and harassment policy, making sure to note the wording and procedures outlined within. Many cases may be minor or a single incident, but ongoing and difficult to handle discrimination needs to be dealt with, and you don’t have to deal with it alone. Photo by srqpix
7 Large Domestic Cat Breeds That Make for Affectionate Companions Maine Coon cat facts If you are thinking of getting a loving feline companion for yourself, learn about some of the large cat breeds that are as friendly and affectionate as a puppy. Although it is true that most good things come in small packages, one look at the magnificent large cat breeds, will probably change your mind. Apart from wild and hybrid cats, there are a number of domestic cat breeds. Most large cats are good-natured, friendly, and usually quite dependent on people for companionship and affection. List of Large Cat Breeds There are many large cat breeds available for domestic purposes. The males weigh around 12 lbs or more while females, although smaller, are to a great extent large and heavy. With this, let's check out the larger specimens of the cat world. Maine Coon Maine coon - Made popular in the cat shows in the 1800s, Maine Coon, the official cat of Maine state, is one of the largest domestic cat breeds. - These native, long-haired cats are massive, broad-chested cats with bodies that are long and rectangular. - Its thick, glossy, water-resistant coat is ideal for the harsh climate of Maine. - The Maine Coon males can weigh an average of 13 to 20 pounds, while the female cats would weigh somewhere between 7 to 11 pounds. - Maine Coon is often called the "gentle giant" because of its loving nature and gentle and sweet disposition. Its love for people, especially children and their willingness to help and socialize has earned this big cat a reputation of being a "dog in cat's clothing". - Ragamuffin cats are large and muscular. - Their rabbit-like fur is thick and easy to care for. They come in a range of coat colors and patterns. - Their large expressive eyes make them different from other breeds. - Most Ragamuffin cats are quite large with the females weighing between 10 to 15 pounds and males weighing between 15 to 20 pounds. - These large cats are extremely sociable and friendly with people. - They have a gentle, affectionate nature and actually love cuddling up to people. - The semi-long haired, blue-eyed, Ragdolls are one of the largest cat breeds. - The Ragdoll males can typically weigh between 15 to 20 pounds and females weigh around 8 to 10 pounds. - The docile, gentle nature of this large cat breed has led to the myth that the Ragdolls are pain-resistant. However, this is not really true. These cats, as the name suggests, are like dolls with relaxed temperaments and are quite easy to handle. - Although it looks wild, the Ocicat is a domestic house cat. - An average Ocicat male is relatively large and can weigh somewhere around 12 to 13 pounds. - What is fascinating about this large cat breed is its outgoing nature and most of them can be trained to walk on a leash and even play fetch! - Not only this, you can also train these cats to respond to commands and other dog-related tricks. - They love being petted even by strangers and would want to spend most of the time around people. Pixie Bobs pixie bob - Closely resembling a bobcat, the Pixie Bob cats are large cats weighing 18 lb or 8 kg. The females weigh around 14 lb. - They are characterized by a light cream or brown coat with beautiful dark lines and spots. - The most interesting thing about them is that, instead of communicating by mewing, they chirp. - They are active, social cats which actually love playing with other animals. - A cross between domestic cat breeds and the Serval cat breed, Savannah cats are tall and slim with a light coat and dark spots or marks on it. - Apart from being good jumpers, they are good at making different sounds like chirp of a bird or hiss of a snake. - These large cats are quite social and friendly with people. They can be trained to walk on a leash. - One of the most fascinating characteristic of these cats, is its love for water and they are known to splash around and play in it. Turkish Van turkish van - One of the largest cat breeds, the Turkish cat breeds can weigh somewhere around 12 to 16 pounds and usually have a massive muscle structure and large paws. - Native to the alpine Lake Van region of modern Turkey, these cats have thick, water-resistant soft coats. - The colors and marks are restricted to the head and the tail. Intelligent and inquisitive, Turkish Vans are known to have a fascination for water and for this unusual trait, they are also known as the "Swimming Cats". If you are planning to adopt any of the large domestic cat breeds, it is important to understand the qualities of the breeds. These cats also need more space to move around and can be quite active. Cat care is a commitment for life and an understanding of the cat behavior and their needs is a vital part of having the pet taken care of.
— Genghis Khan Genghis Khan, born Temüjin, was the ruler of the Mongolian Empire who achieved power by united the nomadic tribes of Mongolia into one strong unit. By using this united force, he invaded much of much of Eurasian and Asian lands. Soon enough, his empire stretched from China to Central Asia. Genghis was advanced for his time; he promoted religious toleration and established a writing script for the Mongolians called Uyghur. During his early years, his family was sent away from his tribe because the Khan's father passed away and the tribesmen refused to have a young boy, Genghis/Temüjin, come to power. The main way he rose to power was through alliances. Temüjin would ally himself with other tribes and using this combined force to conquer enemy groups. After his death in 1227, his son Ögedei Khan rose to power and helped to expand his father's empire. Battle vs. Attila the Hun (by Samurai234)Edit Winner: Attila the Hun Expert's OpinionEdit Battle vs. El Cid (by Sport Shouting)Edit El Cid and 4 of his soldiers are marching. Genghis Khan is leading 4 Mongols on his horse. To practice a bow and arrow shot, he fires one up. It lands into one of El Cid's men's face. El Cid-4. Stunned, Khan laughs. But then a crossbow bolt goes into a Mongol. Genghis-4. El Cid's men charge in a horizontal line. Khan's men do the same as they each charge. One of Cid's men slashes through a Mongol with a Tizona. Genghis-3. Genghis lights an arrow. He fires the flaming arrow and burns a Spaniard. El Cid-3. Genghis jumps off of his horse. He takes out his Scimitar. El Cid himself draws a Voulge and throws it at a Mongol. It's deflects off of his steel armor and then Cid draws his Colada. The charging Mongol is slain. Genghis-2. Khan's last man approaches one of El Cid's bodyguard. He slits his throat but Cid sees it and thrusts his dagger into the Mongol. El Cid- 2, Genghis-1. Khan fires 2 arrows in 1 shot, 1 misses and the other hits El Cid's last foot soldier. El Cid-1. Cid draws a new Voulge while Genghis gets his knife. The 2 blades clash and Khan's hand is cut. Khan dives towards his Scimitar. He picks it up and cuts off El Cid's head. Genghis Khan screams in victory " The Mongols will always win!" and rides his horse into the sunset. Experts's OpinionEdit Please consider a contribution by writing an expert's opinion as to why Genghis Khan won. Battle vs. Vlad the Impaler (by SPARTAN 119)Edit Genghis Khan: Green Green Green Green Green Vlad the Impaler: Darkred Darkred Darkred Darkred Darkred Genghis Khan led four other Mongols, three on horseback and two on foot, along a road into a clearing in a forest. From the other side, Vlad the Impaler, two Wallachian cavalry, a halberdier, and a hand cannoneer stood charged into the forest. The foot soldier put down the halberd and unsling an arbalest from his back, firing a shot that struck on Genghis' foot soldiers in the chest, killing him. Green] Genghis and the other Mongols loosed a swarm of arrows from their composite bows, one of them striking the crossbowman in the face, killing him instantly. Darkred. Vlad's hand cannoneer fired off a shot, impacting a Mongol horseman in the chest, blowing him off his horse Green. Vlad then drew his kilij and led the charge at the Mongols. A Mongol with a fire lance levels the weapon at a rapidly closing Wallachian cavalryman and fired, filling the Wallachian's chest with shot. Darkred Vlad himself cut down the Mongol soldier with fire lance, slicing him open with a downward slash of his kilij. Green. The rest of the Mongols retreated, with Vlad giving chase, thinking he had won. However, the Mongols turned around, firing off a hail off arrows at the oncoming Wallachians, killing both of Vlad's remaining soldiers, as well as Vlad's horse, riddling them with arrows. Darkred Darkred. Genghis Khan charged at Vlad, slicing downward with his Turko-Mongol saber. The blade sliced across the Wallachian Prince's throat, killing him in a spray of blood. Darkred WINNER: Genghis Khan Expert's OpinionEdit Battle vs. Maharana Pratap (by RSV 123)Edit On a open field in India Genghis Khan riding in his horse testing the land he want to conquer. Suddenly he hears the noise of bushes near him he gets a little closer to investigate than an arrow passes just missing his head. Khan loads his bow and sees Maharana Patap in his horse with his barcha lance in his hands Khan quickly shoots his arrow but Pratap gets out from the way. He charge towards Khan with this lance Khan manage to avoid it but the lance hits the bow and it broke off Khan quickly rides away and Pratap follows him shooting arrows with his bow. Not very far away Khan stops to the place where he has hidden his jida lance. Pratap approaches Khan both legendary charge at each other but because Khan's lance was longer it hit Pratap first but due to Pratap's armour he don't get serious damage but due to the force of Khan's lance he was thrown from this horse Pratap gets up an fires an arrow on Khan. The arrow hits Khan's horse and it dies both the warrior are on foot now. Khan gets his mace the attacks Pratap he swings the lance very fastly and Pratap dodges the swings but one swing hits his back. Pratap falls down and Khan get forward to finish it but Pratap rolls out of the way. Pratap quickly take outs his talwar and Khan also take out his turko-mongol sabre and he swings sabre in right and mace in left hand. Both the warriors hits and dodges his opponent. With a heavy blow for talwar the mace falls down and both warriors continue fight with swords. Pratap takes one katar in his left arm the two use their full strength for a final blow both warrior's sword get deflected and Pratap strikes his enemy with his katar in the chest through his armour. At last the an beaten warrior get defeated. Maharana salute the great warrior for his bravery. Expert's OpinionEdit Match was a very close one but Maharana Pratap wins it because he has superior weapon, armour, training and his high Audacity level. Battle vs. Ivan the Terrible (by Marcus5)Edit In a russian forest Ivan the terrible and two men are scouting the land. Suddenly a soilder sees Genghis Khan with two mongols. He then shoots his hand cannon killing one of Genghis' men. Genghis replies by shooting the russian in the neck with the mongol bow. Genghis' other man then charges wildly at Ivan. Only to be impaled on his henchman's war sycthe. Genghis then throws his lance hitting the russian henchman in the stomach killing him. Ivan then runs towards the khan swinging his morningstar. The morningstar barly misses Genghis hitting his sheild. Genghis then slashes Ivan's leg before running away. Ivan begins to chase Temejuin.Ivan furiously breaks the khan shield in half. Genghis then swings his labrys battle axe at Ivan. Ivan then trips Genghis with the handcannon. The last thing the khan sees is is the spike of the handcannon slamming into his face. Ivan then looks down on Temijuin. Ivan the yells in victory. Winner Ivan the Terrible Expert's OpinionEdit Please consider a contribution by writing an expert's opinion as to why Ivan won. Battle vs. Charlemagne (by Omnicube1)Edit King Charlemagne in riding in a horse-drawn carriage and is collaborating with his head adviser. "What do we do with the pagans in the east?" questions Charlemagne. "They are quite stubborn and have built a defensive wall, preventing our people from traveling through their lands. I say we send in our swift riders and eliminate the threat," his adviser says. "I will ride with my men to dispel the evil-doers," says Charlemagne with confidence. "Very good, sir, very good," comments the adviser. A flying arrow lands right into the throat of the adviser. Two more arrows land into the carriage driver. Charlemagne draws his fransisca and frantically makes his way out of his vehicle. He sees a warrior from the far east named Genghis Khan with a Mongolian bow in hand. The Frankish king hurls the fransisca at him but Khan merely steps aside. The Mongolian fires another arrow but it lands onto the wooden siding of the carriage. Charlemagne grabs another fransisca and hurls it, this time it makes a gash on Khan's right thigh. Genghis grabs a nearby Guan Dao, plunged into the ground. He charges down the hill and approaches his enemy. Charlemagne, in turn, grabs his Boar spear, which he was going to use in his hunting trip. He stabs at Khan's head but Genghis moves it away. He slashes and is able to cut across Charlemagnes chest. It leaves a huge tear. Charlemagne pulls off his robe and reveals a scratched piece of plate armor. "Thought I would die easily, huh?" taunts Charlemagne. He takes the Boar spear and uses it to dislodge the Guan Dao out of Khan's hands. Charlemagne stabs again, but Khan draws his Dao just in time to deflect the blow. He slashes and stabs but Charlemagne is able to parry them easily with his signature sword. The Frank stabs back and is able to pierce Khan's weak leather and iron armor easily. Khan begin's to bleed but makes one last effort. He takes out his iron-flanged mace and Mongolian knife and uses both with deadly precision. He swings his mace and it is able to crush Charlemagne's left arm. With his strong hand, he takes the spiked club that was lying under the seat in his carriage. He swings and the spikes cut across Khan's face. He grabs the wounds in horror and stares at the blood on his hand. Khan, in anger, slashes with his knife but he is so weak he begins to collapse. He lands right into the arms of his foe. Charlemagne, holding Khan up, takes out his seax and stabs Genghis' stomach several times until guts begin to hang out. "God has no mercy for you pagan!" he whispers into the dying man's ear. Winner: Charlemagne Expert's OpinionEdit Please consider a contribution by writing an expert's opinion as to why Charlemagne won. Battle vs. Owain Glyndŵr (by Urbancommando77)Edit GK: 5 OG: 5 Genghis was walking through a field, when he saw Owain and four welsh rebels. Genghis pulled his bow out and his men did the same. All of them fired, but none of the arrows hit the rebels. Genghis pulled his saber out and yelled "CHARGE!". Owain and two rebels pulled hand cannons out and waited for them. Genghis saw them pull the guns out and stopped. Genghis fired an arrow into the neck of one of the rebels. OG: 4 Owain fired his gun into the chest of a mongol, knocking him down. The mongol held his chest and tried to stop the bleeding, but failed. GK: 4 Owain pulled his longsword out and stabbed a mongol in the leg. The mongol pulled his Jida Lance out and stabbed the rebel in the thigh. He roared and slced through the mongols arm. He ran a few feet away and the mongol charged at him, but he ducked under it snd stabbed him in the eye and then stabbed him in the neck as he kicked him in the groin. GK: 3 A mongol pulled his lasso out and jumped onto his horse. He got close to as soldier and lasso'd him. He dragged the soldier and the ripped the lasso, the Rebel stood up, but wobbled and fell. The mongol pulled his jida out and stabbed the injured rebel OG: 3 The mongol pulled his scimitar out as he road towards an enemy. He cut off one of the enemies head. OG: 2 The last rebel pulled his handcannon out and shot the mounted mongol. GK: 2 The last two soldiers charged at eachother full of fury. The Mongol sliced through the soldier's arm, and both of them stabbed eachother. GK: 1 OG: 1 Genghis pulled his saber out and Owain pulled his Longsword out. Both leaders charged at eachother. Genghis dodged the first blow, but the other blow went across his back. He fell and tripped Owain. Genghis sliced at the rebel, but missed. He stood up and so did Owain. He grabbed Owain by the arm and twisted it. He roared as Genghis pulled his lance out and stabbed his Jida lance into his wind pipe. Genghis stood up and yelled in victory. Experts Opinion Edit The Mongols and Genghis will win, due to their great tactics and better weapons. Rematch vs. Owain Glyndŵr (by Swg66)Edit Owain Glyndŵr:DarkredDarkredDarkredDarkredDarkred Genghis Khan:BlueBlueBlueBlue Mountains of Snowdonia The Great Khan along with four Mongol warriors are making their way from a valley into the Mountains of Snowdonia. Khan and his Lieutenant are riding on horse back, the other three follow on foot. Khan, riding at the head of the group scanning the area for movement. On one of the hills Khan see's movement, turning his head quickly to see what it was, he see's nothing. Turning to look forward again, he grips the hilt of his sword, and continues on into the mountains. A Welsh scout ducks into the bushes and makes his way back to camp. At the camp Owain is sharpening his sword, waiting for the scout to return, which he does. Looking up Owain and his men get the report. Arming up, Owain put's his helmet on and mounts his horse. Putting his hand out one of his soldiers hands him his lance. Gesturing for his men to take there place for an ambush. Two head off on there own and Owain takes the other two with him. The Mongols have moved on into a craggy and rocky area of the mountains, Khan still at the front. On a cliff ledge a 30 yards ahead of them, the two Welshmen who broke off from the group each notch and arrow. Taking aim, they eye Khan as the leader, and fire. Khan, noticing at the last moment Khan raises his shield and the arrows stick in with a load "THUMP". Sneering, and gestures for his archers to return fire. His Lieutenant and of his foot soldier move to the front and fire back. The First Welshman ducks out of the way as the arrow grazes his helmet, but the second get struck in the throat. Grasping at the arrow, stumbles off the edge and falls onto the path below Darkred. The other runs down the path they came. Kahn points forward and the the two Mongols go after the Welshman, veering off on a side path. Khan looks around for signs of the other Welshmen, and see's smoke from a camp fire, with that they set off to look for the others. The lieutenant and the other mongol soldier make there way threw a narrow pass. As they move threw the pass opens up and the two warriors scan the area for the missing welsh rebel. While there looking foreword the rebel comes out off the bushes behind them, hammer out as he slowly sneaks up on the mongol warriors. Raising the hammer over his head, he brings the spike right into the skull of the the warrior on foot, lodging it there Blue. The other mongol warrior is taken by surprise by the sudden attack but regain enough of his composure to draw his sword. The Rebel tries pulling the hammer out but it's lodged in the dead mongols helmet, abandoning the weapon, he runs for the mountain pass, but the galloping horse easily catches up to him, and with one swing the mongol severs his spine Darkred. Khan and his men have found the now abandoned rebel camp, looking around for the enemy, Khan notices two more rebels. Taking his own bow the fires a arrow at them, but they disappear into the the foliage and run the a steep hill. The two other mongol foot soldiers chase after them, with Khans horse unwilling to cut go into the thick bushes and steep hill. Khan sneering at this looks around for another way up the steep hill. Seeing a path that leads up after them, he sets off as fast as he can in the rocky terrain. The Lieutenant is trying make his way back to the rest of his group but has gotten turned around in the unfamiliar area. While trying to get his bearing, he hears the sound of a horse. Turning around he see's and fully armored Owain, riding into view his lance ready. Owain seeing the mongol, kicks his horse and charges with his lance. The Lieutenant, shaking his temporary shock at the sudden appearance of the Welsh Prince, charges forward with the Saber held high, shouting a war cry, his only hope at this rate is to try and get past the lance and try and knock his opponent off his horse. However his bravery is not enough in this case, and the lance strikes his squarely in the chest, running him threw and taking him off his horse, and sending him to the groundBlue. The two mongols cut there way threw the bushes after the welsh rebels. As they make there way up the hill it levels off onto fairly even ground, the two rebel are each hiding behind a tree, looking at each other, when the mongol get close enough they nodded at each other, one pulls out his sword and the other a hammer. Jumping out in an ambush they attack. The mongols, only slightly surprised by the rebels sudden reappearance strike back. The first mongol swings at one of the rebels with his mace, and manages to catch him in the hand, breaking it. Yelling in pain, the mongol quickly silences him with another strike to the neck Darkred. Turning he see's the other rebel bringing the pommel of his sword onto the head of the other mongol, stunning him. Then the rebel quickly follows up the a slash across the neck Blue. Turning to face the last Mongol warrior the rebel readies his sword, but something is off about his opponent, he doesn't even look nervous. Then he hears it, the tell tale signs of a horse in full gallop, he turns just in time for Khan to plant his Jida in his stomach Darkred. Khan looks at his last remaining soldier who looks glad to see his leader, but the a quiet "thump", and arrow strikes him in the back of the neck Blue. As his last man fall to the group Kahn looks up to see where the shot came from, and see's Owain at the top of a steep on a rocky out cropping, then disappear into and opening in the mountain. Khan yelling in rage, tries to ride up after him the the terrain won't allow for his horse to go up. Dismounting, he draws his sword and follow the Prince down the path. As Khan makes his way done the narrow path, it starts to open up. As Khan exits the path he looks around, then with a shout Glyndŵr strikes at the Mongol Chief, but Khan knocks it away with his shield, and slashes back, but Owain block with his own shield and pushes Khan away with his shield. The Great Chief stumbles back a few paces, he steady him self and attacks again and strikes the Prince of Wales on the head but, his helmet causes it to glances off harmlessly. Owain tries to strike him his shield again but Khan is ready this time, and grabs the shield, and yanks it out of Owains hand and with his fatigue, he stumbles onto one knee. Khan raises his sword over his head and finish off the tired welshman. Owain, at turning at the last moment grabs his sword with both hand, placing his left hand on the pommel, and stabs forward, using his strength and Khan momentum, to stab threw Khans armor and into his stomach, stopping the mongol. Dropping his sword and shield Khan grabs the blade of the long sword, as Owain stands up. Pulling out his sword he slices Khan across the throat. Khan crumples to his knees and falls forward. Owain moves foreword, and nudges his with his foot, he doesn't move Blue. Owain raises his sword over is head and shouts "Harlech Forever!" Winner: Owain Glyndŵr Expert's OpinionEdit Owain owes his victory to the fact his Steel Plates and mail armor was able protect him better than Khan's Iron Lammelar. Additionally his his superior quality of steel metel and and knowledge of small group battle tactics proved proved to be superiors to Khan Iron and tactics more suitable for larger scale battles. Rematch InformationEdit This match was rematched because the warriors represented were not used to their full potiential and because the outcome was decided almost entirely by the original author. Battle vs. Joan of Arc (by Thundrtri)Edit Joan: 12345 Genghis: 12345 3 French knights walk along a rough dirt path accompanied by two horses, one ridden by a French knight, the other Joan of Arc herself. They come out of the long wooded path and in front of them is a vast green, hilly field. Across the field, are two mounted Mongol warriors, one Genghis Khan, and rest are foot soldier Mongols. Joan orders one of the unmounted knights to load the crossbow. The knight cranks the bow until the string is in its position; he then places a bolt on the table and aims the crossbow at the Mongols. Genghis hears the cranking in the distance of the crossbow; he looks over and sees the knights standing in the wooded path. “!”He yells. (Attack!) The Mongol foot soldiers run out into the field. One removes his bow from its holster and grabs an armor piercing arrow. The other Mongols run up but one is shot in the chest by the crossbow. Joan: 12345 Genghis: 1234 The bowman fires the armor piercing arrow into the French knight’s gut. Leaning over in pain, the knight attempts to rip out the arrow, but as he does so, he falls over and dies. Joan: 1234 Genghis: 1234 Joan yells to her troops “attaquer!’ (Attack!) The knights run off to battle leaving Joan and the mounted knight on the hill. The mounted Mongol looks at Genghis and nods. He rides off into the field with his Jida lance in hand. The Mongol bowman fires a second arrow but misses, suddenly the knights come up, one grasping a Halberd, the other a French mace. The bowman holsters his bow and unsheathes his Turko Mongol saber. The knight with the halberd hacks with the axe end of the weapon. The Mongol sidesteps but the knight thrusts his halberd into the Mongol. Joan: 1234 Genghis: 123 The mounted Mongol rides up to the knight with the halberd and thrusts his Jida lance into the knight’s chest. Joan: 123 Genghis: 123 The lance stays within the dead knight’s chest and the mounted Mongol pulls out his mace. The remaining Mongol foot soldier runs up to the other knight holding the mace and slashes with his saber. The knight dodges and smashes the Mongol’s face in with his mace. Joan: 123 Genghis: 12 The mounted Mongol rides over to the knight and swings his mace killing the knight. Joan: 12 Genghis: 12 Joan and her mounted knight ride down the hill, swords at the ready. Genghis rides up to his comrade and readies his saber. The knight rides up to Genghis with his sword and slashes, Genghis rides to the side and instead, his fellow Mongol is slashed across the face. Joan: 12 Genghis: 1 The knight rides over to Genghis, who stabs the knight in the chest. Joan: 1 Genghis: 1 Joan rides up to Genghis and slashes with her sword. The blade merely scratches his armor, but the blow knocks him from his horse. He stands and sees her riding up towards him; she slashes and knocks his saber from his hands. Genghis looks over and sees the Jida lance still in a dead knight’s chest. Genghis removes the lance from the dead soldier’s chest and readies himself for Joan’s attack. Joan swipes with her sword but is impaled in the chest. She falls from her horse in a heap. Genghis rips the lance from his dead foe’s chest and yells in victory. Joan: X Genghis: 1 Winner: Genghis Khan Expert's Opinion Edit Here is a simple explaination: How can a woman who screams victory win against a strategic and brutal barbarian? She may have beaten William the conqueror's ass, but the same can't be said for Genghis Khan, who had way more battles and experience. Battle vs. Spartan (by Jar teh marksman)Edit It starts as the Spartan is walking around in a field. Suddenly, from next to him, he hears a noise. He turns around to see a warrior with a bow aiming straight at him. He quickly lifts up his shield to block it, then charges at Genghis with his Dory. He thrusts, but Genghis sidesteps. The Spartan then pushes Genghis over with his shield. The Spartan tries to stab Genghis whilst he is down, but Genghis rolls out of the way. While the Spartan tries to recover, Genghis hops up, and cross-checks the Spartan in the back with his Jida Lance, knocking the Spartan off balance, however, he quickly regains balance, and goes back into stance. He notices Genghis far away, preparing a bow. The Spartan runs at him, and throws a Javelin. It barely hits Genghis, just cutting Genghis' leg. Genghis thinks Enough is enough, and charges at the Spartan with his Sabre. However, the Spartan is prepared, and blocks it with ease. The Spartan tries to slash Genghis with the Xiphos, however the armour holds. Seeing an opprotunity with his shield down, Genghis kicks the Spartan in the stomach, sending him down to the ground, knocking both the Xiphos and his shield out of his hands. With the Spartan down, and with no shield, Genghis cries out, raises his Sabre above his head, and is about to strike down, but not before the Spartan grabs his Dory, turns around, and thrusts it into Genghis' neck. Genghis slumps down to the ground, unconcious, bleeding, and virtually, dead. The Spartan spits on his dead enemy's body, and cries out "SPARTAAA!!!!!!" in victory. Expert's OpinionEdit The Spartan had that amazing shield, and not much is able to get by that. Battle vs. Robin Hood (by Wassboss)Edit BlueBlueBlueBlueBlue: Genghis Khan GreenGreenGreenGreenGreen: Robin Hood Genghis and 4 of his body guards are making their way through Sherwood Forrest. They shimmy their horses through the tightly packed pathways and sometimes heavy foliage. As the path widens out a bit, one of the more senior bodyguards slides up besides genghis. "Excuse me for the intrusion my khan but would be so kind as to remind me why we're not razing this forrest to the ground and crushing this pathetic excuse for a leader" Genghis smiles, his men are just as ambitious as he trained them to be. "Well Koloku, this Sheriff, as he likes to call himself, has offered us a very handsome tribute in order for us to be left alone, courtesy of the King. We are heading to meet him now" Satisfied with his answer Koloku falls back into place and the silent plodding along continues, until their passway is blocked by a fallen tree. The men back up a bit, so the horses have more space to move about in a clearing, before two of the men dismount and attempt to dislodge the tree, but seem to be having little success in doing so. "My Khan, Is it just me or is it unerving quite for a forrest" Koloku says aloud, scanning the forrest for any signs of an ambush. "You worry too much Koloku" Genghis says, secretly taking note of any possible ambush spots. As he says this, Koloku spots the glimmer of metal and immediatly without even having to think, places himself between the glimmer and his Khan. As he does this a flurry of arrows launch through the air, slamming into koloku and his horse, fataly wounding him. One of the men trying to dislodge the tree is also killed and the other is knocked off his feet but he manages to regain his footing. BlueBlue The remaining two bodyguards immediatly bunch closer into their leader, drawing their own bows. However nothing happens and the forrest returns to it's silence. "Come out then you Cowards" Genghis shouts "or are you yak penis's to scared to fight like a true warrior". As he utters these last words a band of bandits leap from out of the foliage, weapons drawn and shouting a battle cry. Genghis and his men waste no time on letting loose a volley of arrows, managing to down one of the merry men. Green A stray arrow fired my Robin Hood manages to hit the horse belonging to one of the mongol troops, downing him and momentarily putting one of the men out of the fight. Genghis and his other bodyguard run out of ammo and draw there respective weapons. Genghis spurs his horse forwards, charging right at the men and launches his Guan Dao out of his hand, hitting one of the merry men in the chest, pinning him to the ground. As he wheels around however his horse is struck in the neck by an arrow and rears up, throwing his rider off and running off into the forrest. Green The other two bodyguards (the one having dusted himself up from his fall off his horse) also make a dash for the merry men, who stand ready to fight. "I'll deal with the leader over there Robin while you finish off these two" Little John says, getting a nod of approval from the outlaw king. As he runs runs off, Robin draws his longsword, awaiting the charging madmen. His fellow robber attempts to hit one of the charging men with his quaterstaff but misses leaving him wide open to attack. The lead mongol takes advantage of this and stabs him through the thigh with his Guan Dao. The man screams in agony but is soon silenced by a gash to the throat from a sabre. Green Robin is now left to contend with two enemies but he keeps his calm and raises his sword. Dodging a clumsy initial attack he swerves around to dodge another from the second mongol before raking his sword across his armour, scoring a small gash across the man's ribs, enough to cause him heavy discomfort. He then begins a long period of parrying and deflecting before deflecting one of the men's sword into the helmet of the other, causing disorientation and confusion which he quickly takes advantage of. He hacks into the side of the first mongol, downing him in time to duck under the blow of the other. Drawing his dagger he lunges forward and plunges into the man's neck, taking a step back and finishing off the attack with a swing from the longsword. He then returns to the downed man and presses the sword down through his chest, finishing him off. He then sheathes his dagger and runs over to help Little John. BlueBlue As genghis pulls himself up, he notices a large man running at him, swinging a large sword. Drawing his own sabre, genghis reacts just in time to block a blow, almost knocking him off his feet from the force. He slowly gets forced back by the power of the blows but quickly realises the pattern and when John uses an ever so predictable swipe, Genghis darts in close and jabs his sword into his sword arm, managing to leave the point of the sword protuding out of the other side of the arm before pulling it out. Little John howls in pain and this gives genghis the oppourtunity to begin cutting into him, leaving cut after cut after cut in the big man's chest. It's not long before he falls, never to rise again. Green Genghis is about to sheath his sword when an arrow hits him square in the chest, glancing off his armour and knocking him to the ground. As he rises he is lucky to dodge a jumping downward thrust from Robin, thrusting his own sword forward and managing to leave a small gash on his wrist. Robin immediately takes a step back and the two begin circling each other, nervous to be the first to attack. "You killed my best friend" robin says angrily. "It was his own fault, he attacked me and he was not up to par with his fighting skill. I'm suprised the big oaf lasted so long" Robin lets out a cry of anger and charges, feinting a left thrust before delivering his true attack, a right swipe. Genghis is caught off guard but fortunatly his armour protects him from the blow. He attempts an attack of his own but robin is too quick and parries it, the sword bouncing harmlessly away. This continues in this fashion for quite some time with nethier one being able to get an advantage over the other. By sheer luck however genghis manages to strike a weapon point in robin's sword, breaking a good foot off the weapon. Robin steps back, looking down at his sword before dropping it and drawing his dagger. "What do you say, a fair fight" he says, daring genghis to a knife fight. "You have fought well my foe, the least I can do is offer you a fair death" the mongol chief replies, tossing his sword aside and drawing his mongolian knife. The two men charge at each other, colliding and trying to get a good grip on the other. For once genghis's armour works against him and robin is able to get the better hold, stabbing his knife into his opponents shoulder blade. Genghis roars in pain and, in a suprising show of strength, grips Robin by his arm and leg and lifts him up over his head, throwing him to the ground. Robin hits the ground hard and his dagger goes flying out of his hand. He scrambles acorss the ground to get it but genghis is having none of it. Flipping his knife around and grasping tightly by the blade, he draws back his wrist and throws, the knife sailing through the air. Robin reaches for his dagger and as he turns around to face his enemy the dagger slams into his neck and he falls to the ground. Genghis walks over to his sword and picks it up, walking over to his dying opponent as he desperatly tries to stop the bleeding. "You fought well and as a result you died well. The sky gods will welcome you" he says, raising his sword above his head and plunging it into his chest, ending the reign of Robin of Loxley. Green Genghis removes his knife from the dead bandit as the sound of hoofbeats sound. A pair of mongol scouts round the corner and seeing their khan hunched over a body, rush to his side. "Are you okay my lord" one of the scouts enquires. "I am. However there is an imminent threat from these englishmen and I have decided to refuse the tribute offered by the Sheriff. Weather he sent these bandits to kill me we may never know but I can't take the risk that he didn't. You head back to the main army, tell Khaser and Kachium to prepare the troops for movement, this is war now" As one of the scouts rushes back to the main army, genghis mounts a nearby horse which was not killed or injured during the fight and looks towards the castle in the distance. "I am the Flail of God. If you has not committed great sin, God would not have sent a punishment like me upon you" Winner: Genghis Khan Expert's OpinionEdit Genghis won because of his superior leadership skills and his better tactical mind. His armour also played a big factor and moreover Robin and his Men's lack of it turned out to be his downfall as it gave him less protection against the supeior close range weaponry of genghis and his men. Battle vs. Alexander the Great (by The Deadliest Warrior)Edit No battle written. Expert's OpinionEdit Alexander's superior tactics and well-trained soldiers, as well as his battlefield deception, led him to victory against the overconfident Mongolian leader. Battle vs. Sun Tzu (by Deathblade 100)Edit Genghis: RedRedRedRedRedRed Sun Tzu: BlueBlueBlueBlueBlueBlue The sound of hooves filled the air as Genghis Khan and five of his Mongolian horsemen ride ahead of the horde that had already conquered large tracts of land. In a valley, Sun Tzu and five Wu Dynasty soldiers prepare for the coming Mongol invasion. As the Chinese general pours himself a cup of tea as he observed a map, a Chinese soldier yells a warning as a volley of arrows whistled out of the air and struck the soldier in the neck and chest.Blue The remaining Chinese soldiers grabbed their repeating crossbows, Zhua polearms and Ge Dagger Axes. One Chinese soldier fired his repeating crossbow, hitting a Mongol's horse. The enraged Mongol nocked an arrow to his bow and shot the Chinese soldier in the chest.Blue Seconds after that, a volley of poisoned crossbow bolts lodged themselves in the Mongolian's neck.Red Genghis gestured with his Turko-Mongolian Sabre, as a Mongol with a Jida Lance charged downhill and impaled a Chinese footsoldier.Blue A Chinese soldier swing his Zhua into a Mongolian, pulling him from his horse. The Chinese soldier then dispatches the horseman with a strike to the face from the Zhua.Red Genghis rides up to the Chinese soldier and cuts his Carotid Artery with his sabre.Blue The last Chinese soldier swings his Dagger-Axe at an attacking Mongol horseman, dismounting him. Sun Tzu thrust down at the winded horseman with his Jian, hitting the heart.Red A strike from a Mongol's mace took out the remaining soldier.Blue Sun Tzu turns around only for a strike from Genghis' sabre to go through the strategist's neck.Blue Genghis raised his sabre and yelled "For the Empire!" in victory as the Mongolian army poured down the hills into the valley below eager to start their conquest. Expert's OpinionEdit Genghis won due to his better armour and weapons. While Sun Tzu had interesting tactics, his lack of experience led to him not being able to break his losing streak anytime soon.To see the original battle, votes and weapons, click here Battle vs. Henry V (by Deathblade 100) Edit Henry: GreenGreenGreenGreenGreen Genghis: BlueBlueBlueBlueBlue Genghis and four of his Mongolian warriors advance across an open field. Genghis and two of his men are on horseback and the other two are on foot. On the other side of the field, Henry V and four English knights march from their camp. Henry and two knights are on horseback, the other two are on foot. Genghis orders his archers to open fire on the English. Henry orders his men to raise their shields as protection. One Knight is struck in his neck by a Mongolian arrow.Green One of Genghis' infantrymen lets out a warning just as a Bodkin tipped arrow pierced the Mongol's chest.Blue Genghis sends one of his horsemen to attack the English knights. The Mongolian horseman levels his Jida Lance and impales an English horseman.Green An English foot soldier grabs a halberd and hooks the Mongolian horsman, pulling him to the ground. The knight than plunges the halberd's spear tip into the Mongol's chest.Blue The second Mongolian horseman attempts to attack Henry's remaining horseman. The two draw their swords and clash before the Mongol swings his Turko-Mongol sabre through the knight's neck.Green The remaining knight thrusts up with his halberd and pulls the Mongol to the ground. A quick strike from his longsword pierces the horseman's chest.Blue As the knight stands up, a blow from a Mongolian Mace crushed the English warrior's skull.Green Henry rides up to Genghis' remaining soldier and slashes his throat with his longsword.Blue Both generals dismount their horses and start to duel. Genghis slashes with his sabre and Henry parries with his longsword. This goes on for awhile until Genghis' sabre blade is caught by the hilt of Henry's longsword. Henry draws out his dagger and stabs the great khan in the neck.Blue Henry raises his sword and yells "I am the king!" in victory. Expert's Opinion Edit While Genghis was a brilliant general, Henry's more superior weapons and technology swung this battle in the English king's favour. To see the original battle, weapons and votes, click here Start a Discussion Discussions about Genghis Khan Ad blocker interference detected!
Monday, November 7, 2011 Horrifying Premature Burials Virginia Macdonald Virginia Macdonald lived with her father in New York City and became ill, died, and was buried in Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn. After the burial, her mother declared her belief that the daughter was not dead when buried and persistently asserted her belief. The family tried in vain to assure the mother of the death of her daughter. Finally the mother insisted so strenuously that her daughter was buried alive the family consented to have the body taken up. To their horror, they discovered the body lying on the side, the hands badly bitten, and every indication of a premature burial. Madam Blunden Premature Burial 08 When Madam Blunden was thought to be dead, she was buried in the Blunden family vault at Holy Ghost Chapel in Basingstoke, England. The vault was situated beneath a boys’ school. The day after the funeral when the boys were playing they heard a noise from the vault below. After one of the boys ran and told his teacher about the noises the sexton was summoned. The vault and the coffin were opened just in time to witness her final breath. All possible means were used to resuscitate her but it was unsuccessful. In her agony she had torn frantically at her face and had bitten the nails off her fingers. Interesting Fact: A large number of designs for safety coffins were patented during the 18th and 19th centuries. Safety coffin were fitted with a mechanism to allow the occupant to signal that he or she has been buried alive. You can see one of the variations here. New York Times article Interesting Fact: In the 19th century, Dr. Timothy Clark Smith of Vermont was so concerned about the possibility of being buried alive that he arranged to be buried in a special crypt that included a breathing tube and a glass window in his grave marker that would permit him to peer out to the living world six feet above. You can see his grave here. Daily Telegraph article Interesting Fact: The Fear of being buried alive is called taphephobia. The word “taphephobia” comes from the Greek “taphos” meaning “grave” + “phobia” from the Greek “phobos” meaning “fear” = literally, fear of the grave, or fear of being put in the grave while still alive. The Sunday Times article “TONNEINS, Dec. 30- A frightful case of premature interment occurred not long since, at Tonneins, in the Lower Garonne. The victim, a man in the prime of life, had only a few shovelfuls of earth thrown into his grave when an indistinct noise was heard to proceed from his coffin. The grave-digger, terrified beyond description, instantly fled to seek assistance, and some time elapsed before his return, when the crowd, which had by this time collected in considerable numbers round the grave, insisted on the coffin being opened. As soon as the first boards had been removed, it was ascertained beyond a doubt, that the occupant had been interred alive. His countenance was frightfully contracted with the agony he had undergone, and, in his struggles, the unhappy man had forced his arms completely out of the winding sheet, in which they had been securely enveloped. A physician, who was on the spot, opened a vein, but no blood flowed. The sufferer was beyond the reach of art.” Interesting Fact: In The Complete Worst-Case Scenario Survival Handbook, one of the worst case scenarios listed in the book is how to survive if you are buried alive in a coffin. If anyone finds themselves in the same predicament as the people on this list you can read some life saving information here. British Medical Journal Catriona From Within The Coffin decease, and the mayor who had authorized the interment, each to three months’ imprisonment for involuntary manslaughter.” Interesting Fact: Today, when a definition of death is required, doctors usually turn to “brain death” to define a person as being clinically dead. People are considered dead when the electrical activity in their brain ceases. New York Times article “DAYTON, Feb. 8.-A sensation has been created here by the discovery of the fact that Miss Hockwalt, a young lady of high social connections, who was supposed to have died suddenly on Jan. 10, was buried alive. The terrible truth was discovered a few days ago, and since then it has been the talk of the city. The circumstance of Miss Hockwail’s death was peculiar. It occurred on the morning of the marriage of her brother to Miss Emma Schwind at Emannel’s Church. Shortly before 6 o’clock the young lady was dressing for the nuptials and had gone into the kitchen. A few moments afterward she was found sitting on a chair with her head leaning against a wall and apparently lifeless. Medical aid was summoned in, Dr. Jewett who, after examination, pronounced her dead. Mass was being read at the time in Emannel’s Church and it was thought best to continue, and the marriage was performed in gloom. The examination showed that Anna was of excitable temperament, nervous, and affected with sympathetic palpitation of the heart. Dr. Jewett thought this was the cause of her supposed death. On the following day, the lady was interred in the Woodland. The friends of Miss Hockwalt were unable to forget the terrible impression and several ladies observe that her eyes bore a remarkably natural color and could not dispel an idea that she was not dead. They conveyed their opinion to Annie’s parents and the thought preyed upon them so that the body was taken from the grave. It was stated that when the coffin was opened it was discovered that the supposed inanimate body had turned upon its right side. The hair had been torn out in handfuls and the flesh had been bitten from the fingers. The body was reinterred and efforts made to suppress the facts, but there are those who state they saw the body and know the facts to be as narrated.” Interesting Fact: In 1822 Dr Adolf Gutsmuth was buried alive several times to demonstrate a safety coffin he had designed. Once he stayed underground for several hours and ate a meal of soup, sausages and beer delivered to him through the coffin’s feeding tube. Mary Norah Best Buried Alive-1 Seventeen year old Mary Norah Best was the adopted daughter of Mrs. Moore Chew. Mary was pronounced dead from cholera and entombed in the Chew’s vault in an old French cemetery in Calcutta. The surgeon that pronounced her dead was a man who would have benefited by her death and had tried to kill her adopted mother. Before Mary “died” her adoptive mother fled to England after the second attempt on her life and left Mary behind. Mary was put into a pine coffin and it was nailed shut. Ten years later, in 1881 the vault was unsealed to admit the body of Mrs. Moore’s brother. On entering the vault, the undertaker’s assistant found the lid off of Mary’s coffin on the floor. The position of her skeleton was half in and half out of the coffin. Apparently after being entombed Mary awoke from the trance and struggled violently till she was able to force the lid off of her coffin. It is surmised that after bursting open her casket she fainted from the strain and while falling forward over the edge of her coffin she struck her head against the masonry shelf killing her. It is believed the surgeon poisoned the girl and then certified her death. Interesting Fact: Some believe Thomas A Kempis, a German Augustinian monk who wrote The Imitation of Christ in the 1400’s was denied canonization because splinters were found embedded under his nails. Canonization authorities determined that anyone aspiring to be a saint would not fight death if he found himself buried alive. New York Times Article Buried Alivecrop “ASHEVILLE, N.C., Feb. 20.–A gentleman from Flat Creek Township in this (Buncombe) County, furnishes the information that about the 20th of last month a young man by the name of Jenkins, who had been sick with fever for several weeks, was thought to have died. He became speechless, his flesh was cold and clammy, and he could not be aroused, and there appeared to be no action of the pulse and heart. He was thought to be dead and was prepared for burial, and was noticed at the time that there was no stiffness in any of the limbs. He was buried after his supposed death, and when put in the coffin it was remarked that he was as limber as a live man. There was much talk in the neighborhood about the case and the opinion was frequently expressed that Jenkins had been buried alive. Nothing was done about the matter until the 10th inst., when the coffin was taken up for the purpose of removal and internment in the family burying ground in Henderson County. The coffin being wood, it was suggested that it be opened in order to see if the body was in such condition that it could be hauled 20 miles without being put in a metallic casket. The coffin was opened, and to the great astonishment and horror of his relatives the body was lying face downward, and the hair had been pulled from the head in great quantities, and there was scratches of the finger nails on the inside of the lid and sides of the coffin. These facts caused great excitement and all acquainted personally with the facts believe Jenkins was in a trance, or that animation was apparently suspended, and that he was not really dead when buried and that he returned to consciousness only to find himself buried and beyond help. The body was then taken to Henderson County and reinterred. The relatives are distressed beyond measure at what they term criminal carelessness in not being absolutely sure Jenkins was dead before he was buried.” Interesting Fact: Because of the concern of premature burials a Society was formed called Society for the Prevention of People Being Buried Alive. They encouraged the slow process of burials. Madame Bobin In 1901 a pregnant Madame Bobin arrived on board a steamer from Western Africa and appeared to be suffering from yellow fever. She was then transferred to a hospital for those affected with contagious diseases. There she became worse and apparently died and was buried. A nurse later said she noticed that the body was not cold and that there was tremulousness of the muscles of the abdomen and expressed the opinion that she could have been prematurely buried. After this was reported to Madame Bobin’s father, he had the body exhumed. They were horrified to find that a baby had been born and died with Madame Bobin in the coffin. An autopsy showed that Madame Bobin had not contracted yellow fever and had died from asphyxiation in the coffin. A suit against the health officials resulted in £8,000 ($13,000) damages against them. Interesting Fact: Historical records indicate that during the 17th century when plague victims often collapsed seemingly dead, there were 149 actual cases of people being buried alive. Margorie McCall 602295148 C7F8F18483 This is a bonus because this event might be more folklore than fact. In researching premature burials this story came up many times with different names and locations as this Wikipedia article explains. However does give a story similar to this a “True” rating. My guess is that something like this probably did occur somewhere at sometime but the story has been embellished over the years. Margorie McCall’s story seems to be the most popular and goes something like this: Margorie McCall from Northern Ireland fell ill and was pronounced dead. After her wake which lasted for a few days she was interred in Shankill Graveyard. That night her body was exhumed by grave robbers. The robbers tried in vain to remove a ring from her finger and then attempted to cut her finger off to remove the ring. When they were cutting into her finger Margorie suddenly came to and the robbers fled the cemetery never looking back. Margorie then climbed out of her coffin and walked home. Meanwhile her family was gathered at home when they heard a knock at the door. Margorie’s husband still in grief said “if your mother were still alive, I’d swear that was her knock.” and sure enough when he opened the door there she was dressed in her burial clothes, very much alive. Her husband fainted immediately. Interesting Fact: Many believe the terms “Saved by the bell” and “Dead ringer” has to do with safety coffins with the notion that a recently buried person could pull a rope attached to a bell outside the coffin to alert people that he or she is not deceased. Both of these have been proven false. Saved by the bell is a boxing term dating from the 1930s. Ringer is from horse racing and is a horse substituted for another of similar appearance in order to defraud the bookies. Dead was then added to the term later like ‘dead on’, ‘dead center’ etc. Top 10 Museums that will Scare You Silly House on the Rock P153993-Wisconsin Dells-House On The Rock Glore Psychiatric Museum Alaska-1182127860- Dsc0327 New Haven Ventriloquist Museum Catacombs of Palermo 2419351164 7A627926A3 London Dungeon London-The London Dungeon 2005-08 02 Resize Lombrosp’s Museum of Criminal Anthropology Madame Tussauds 3401843113 0B405B635E Museum of Anatomy Mutter Museum The Purgatory Museum Article-1260360-08Ec0Cde000005Dc-302 634X494
Modeling physics of time and space and life Interfaces between dimensions of a solution. Perhaps it leads to a real physical interface, but the solutions to (n-dimensional) trees implemented as a cave like system which can be navigated , demonstrates the path and choices to many solutions. The dimensions are sometimes real and sometimes logical or virtual. Markings on the interface indicate what dimension is connected, direction and the distance scale of change. These dimensions can indicate dimensions of any property as well as space and time or even changes in genotype to phenotype sequences. Sometimes the interfaces are used by AI ant objects to travel dimensions of choices. ADDED: And other times, unexpected things happen when many technologies combine. Automated Intelligence Automated Intelligence Auftrag der unendlichen LOL katzen
Summer is the perfect time to up your daily dose of veggies. Tomatoes, in particular, are an especially appealing healthy treat. Aside from being a tasty addition to salads and sandwiches, tomatoes are also loaded with beneficial nutrients that will give you more energy to do the things you love doing on warm, sunny days. Next time you grab some Lee's Mongolian BBQ, pile on this amazing superfood. 1. Stronger Bones Tomatoes are loaded with vitamin K and calcium, two essential nutrients that produce stronger bones. Such nutrients also help repair tissue damage and reduce the risk of developing age-related bone conditions. 2. Better Skin The lycopene in tomatoes is the same compound used in most facial creams. Just peel some tomatoes (about 8-10) and place the skin on your face so that the inside material touches your skin; kind of icky, but you'll enjoy rejuvenated skin this summer -- after you wash it off. 3. Cell Repair Beta-carotene combines with the vitamin A and C in tomatoes to act as strong antioxidants, which neutralized harmful cell-damaging free radicals. Redder tomatoes are packed with even more beta-carotene. Cooking or stewing does destroy the vitamin C though, so include some raw tomatoes in your diet to get the maximum benefits. 4. Repairing Smoking Damage The coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid in tomatoes can provide some degree of protection against the cancer-causing agents found in cigarette smoke. Of course, this doesn't mean tomatoes make cigarettes safe. 5. Cancer Protection There's research suggesting that the lycopene in tomatoes may reduce the odds of developing certain cancers, including stomach cancer and prostate cancer. As a natural antioxidant, lycopene slows the growth of cancer cells. In this case, cooking actually produces more lycopene in tomatoes. 6. Better Heart Health Potassium and vitamin B are the nutrients in tomatoes that can help lower "bad" cholesterol levels and reduce blood pressure. There are studies suggesting that eating tomatoes as part of a balanced diet can help reduce the risk of having a heart attack or suffering a stroke. 7. Shiny Hair Enjoy shiny hair while you're at the beach or just hanging out this summer thanks to tomatoes. The vitamin A in this versatile "fruit" works wonders for your hair, along with your skin and teeth. 8. Good for Your Kidneys Studies suggest that the mix of nutrients in tomatoes may help prevent kidney stones. Tomatoes without the seeds are especially beneficial for this purpose. 9. Managing Blood Sugar If you're dealing with blood sugar issues, the chromium in tomatoes may be able to help keep levels within a normal range. The other nutrients in tomatoes, especially the B vitamins, can also help with your sugar management efforts. It's believed that chronic high blood sugar levels deplete your body of essential B vitamins. 10. Protecting Your Vision Maintain your vision this summer by eating tomatoes in both raw and cooked form. The vitamin A in tomatoes, which stays at roughly the same level even when tomatoes are cooked, can help prevent nigh-blindness and improve overall eye health. Tomatoes are healthiest in their raw form, although you'll still get a decent amount of nutrients when you include tomatoes in your favorite summer recipes. You can always boost the nutritional value of tomatoes by incorporating peas, carrots, squash, berries, and other appetizing summer fruits and veggies into your summer diet. Site created and maintained by Your Way Marketing \| Ogden, Utah Site created and maintained by Your Way Marketing \| Ogden, Utah
Wednesday, March 01, 2006 One Child Policy China experienced some major political, economic, and social upheaval between the late 50's and 70's, including the failed Great Leap Forward (1957-60), Mao Zedong's utopian idea to bring Communism to China overnight. However, the economic and political turmoil never slowed down the rapid growth of the Chinese population. Mao Zedong's advocacy for a high birthrate and larger population added almost 300 million more people between 1949 and 1976, the year Mao died. By 1978, when the new leadership came to power, the Chinese economy had come to near collapse. Blaming the population explosion as the key obstacle to economic recovery, the government decided to adopt an extreme family planning policy called the One-Child Policy (OCP), backed by serious punishment for offenders. It is safe to say that the OCP has successfully contained the critical population explosion in China and contributed to the Chinese economic recovery, but it has also brought out some of the worst and most extreme facets of a thousand-year-old tradition of female discrimination- female abandonment.Valuing males over females is deeply rooted in the Chinese culture. In a country where agriculture plays a supremely important role in society, such fundamental responsibilities like labor for farming, inheriting the family's land, continuation of the family name, and care-taking of the elderly are regarded as the essential duties of a man. The fact that a girl cannot inherit her family's name, will be married off into her husband's family, and is "unfit" for tedious farm labor, renders her worth less than a man's worth in traditional Chinese society. Until the mid-twentieth century, girls were deemed unworthy of receiving formal education, venturing into society, becoming involved in politics, or conducting business.While many reasons exist for female discrimination in China, carrying on the family's last name may be the primary one. Unlike the USA, where families' last names are diverse and countless, there are only about one hundred commonly-used family names in a country of 1.3 billion. Chinese put the family name first, while westerners keep the family name last. If a family does not have a boy to inherit their family's name, it is equal to discontinuing the family existence. Nonetheless, before the 1970's, gender discrimination, no matter how powerful it had been throughout Chinese history, had never led to large-scale female abandonment. Traditional Chinese families have always loved to have multiple children, as having both boys and girls is considered "good fortune". It was not until the One-Child Policy came into effect in 1978 that Chinese families, especially families living in the countryside, were forced to make the impossible decision, i.e., to abandon the first or second baby girl to try for a boy. With no concrete action or prosecution toward the crime of abandonment and death of countless female infants, it is hard to believe that China and the OCP have never been challenged until recent years. What is important to know is that the majority of pregnant women receive good, albeit Western pre-natal care, as it is their hope to give birth to a healthy son. Despite this, it is hard to imagine what goes through the birthmother's head while pregnant. Bear in mind that these rules may sound unspeakable to our western beliefs, however, it is these same beliefs that will help me bring my daughter home. However there is a feeling of sadness that one mother must suffer so the other can rejoice. No comments:
Saturday, January 10, 2009 In Writing/Lit, we are learning about poetry. A few days ago, we talked about the a few different poem formats. We esspecially focused on sonnets. Mrs. Butler told us sonnets are the best ways to get what you want. (She also told the boys that they were one of the best presents, ways to get dates, etc.) Then in Social Studies, we did research. On reforms. And one of the boys, Jake, sat where all the computer plugs were. He started pulling them out. Mine was pulled out. I told him to STOP. He said he would if I wrote him a sonnet. So here is my sonnet to him: The Tree and the Bee By Lindsey There once was a tree. A tree that grew pears. And there once was a bee. With fuzzy yellow hairs. The tree of pears Was very tall. But the bee of hairs Was very small. The tree and the bee. They made such a pair. The tree and the bee. I wish you could be there. The tree and the bee. Oh, gee. My computer plug has not been pulled since. 1 comment: Kimberly said... Great! Good writing! If he wanted something more on him with Ms.buttler saying its good for dates, you sure smaked him in the face.! Post a Comment Some Questions • Why isn't Puerto Rico a state when Hawaii is? • What is the most important thing that everything is based on in this world? • Why do we say "a lie" and "the truth"? • What is truth? • Why do we park in a drvieway and drive in a parkway? • How do we know atoms exist if we have never seen them before? • Why do people use cigarettes when it says on the cover something along the lines of "these might kill you" • Why do people only use DVDs instead of VHS when DVDs get scratched? • What is the difference between a blue ray and a regular DVD?
Friday, January 29, 2010 The biomechanics of barefoot running - the benefit of shoes Who knew that looking into the evolution of bipedalism (walking on two feet) had such implications for our health, and the way we run today. I think the editor's summary is better than anything I could come up with, so I'll share it with you here: "Before the introduction of modern padded running shoes in the 1970s, and for most of human evolutionary history, humans ran either barefoot or in minimal shoes. A comparison by Daniel Lieberman and colleagues of the biomechanics of habitually shod versus habitually barefoot runners now suggests that the collision-free way that barefoot runners typically land is not only comfortable but may also help avoid some impact-related repetitive stress injuries. Kinematic and kinetic analyses show that modern shoes allow runners to land on the heel, as they do when they walk. Runners who don't wear shoes land more often on the ball of the foot or with a flat foot. This means that they often flex their ankles as they strike the ground and generate smaller impact forces than shod, rear-foot, strikers — compare the impact generated by landing from a jump on your heel versus your toes." You can find the summary, original research, and letter here. What color were dinosaurs? Likely many different colors, but how to determine it? New research in Nature this week by Zhang et al., lays the groundwork, using fossilized skin pigment cells, melanosomes, to assess pigmentation. From their abstract: "Furthermore, the data here provide empirical evidence for reconstructing the colours and colour patterning of these extinct birds and theropod dinosaurs: for example, the dark-coloured stripes on the tail of the theropod dinosaur Sinosauropteryx can reasonably be inferred to have exhibited chestnut to reddish-brown tones." body image Tuesday, January 26, 2010 sustainability starts here Penn State has installed several water stations around campus where people can easily refill water bottles. Ideally, they are also hands-free, so they'll prevent the spread of germs, and also minimize wasted water, as can happen with water-fountains. Looks like it's about time to get rid of water bottles from all vending machine on campus! Tuesday, January 19, 2010 There can't be a practical reason for believing what isn't true I would have liked very much to meet Bertrand Russell. It is a, "fundamental treachery to intellectual integrity to hold a belief because you thinks its useful and not because you think its true." - Bertrand Russell (1959) Thursday, January 14, 2010 gesundheit? gefilte? Over 50 years ago German gynaecologist Ernst Gräfenberg described what he thought was a "spot" in a woman's vagina that, if stimulated properly, would lead to orgasm. New research suggests that such a "spot" may not exist. Claims about a G-spot are quite curious to me - it seems as if, given the wide array of technology we have access to, if such a spot existed (defined as a bundle or accumulation of nerves), it would be fairly simple (although perhaps expensive) to definitively define said location. Sure, it might be like any organ, slightly different in every person, but with general characteristics. We can illuminate nerve tissue, watch blood flow, measure a variety of variables both in live individuals and cadavers. Is it really so difficult? Anatomically, it would make more sense to me that the G-spot is nothing more than the location in the vagina where stimulation affects the clitoral nerves. But what do I know? Thursday, January 7, 2010 My last name is two words... So, I decided to change my last name after getting married. Now, instead of "Wilson" it is "Wilson Sayres". No hyphen. Yes, there is a space between them. I figured it was the best option for me. Now, if I choose, I can still publish under Wilson, without having to worry about justifying who I am when applying for grants, or "losing" any of my previous publications, but I can also receive things to Mrs. Sayres without having to carry my marriage license around with me forever to prove I really am married to Mr. Sayres. It's the best of both worlds. Synopsis: Legally my last name is "Wilson Sayres" but professionally or personally I can be either Wilson or Sayres or Wilson Sayres! Friday, January 1, 2010 Good luck Kurt He shouldn't be afraid for his life because of a cartoon he drew. Nothing should be above satire. Even if it is upsetting, it cannot be used as a justification for violence or murder.
Tabasco has a wide variety of cultural and tourist attractions that show our visitors the majesty of the diverse cultures that have developed in our region, as well as civil and beautiful historic architecture that proudly corresponds Mexico is famous worldwide for its customs, traditions, legends and folklore; this has always characterized the same time it allows to show the character of its people. Tabasco, as part of the country, could not lack of traditions and customs that identify, it is also showing his feelings. Cimatan and Xicalango were points between merchants of the trade route Mayas and Aztecs. These centers true fairs where different products were exchanged or sold in exchange for cocoa, the currency of that time were organized. In the Chontal peoples and mestizos Tabasco Zoque dedicated to the patron saint festivities currently exist, other saints and feasts, which alternates the civic, commercial and religious, organized by the employer or steward, elected by the people to perform activities entrusted to it in accordance with the traditions and customs. In these religious celebrations merges with the profane and always accompanied with a popular show: mechanical and gambling games, merchandise stalls, music and dancing. As an example of these parties, we de San Isidro in Comalcalco and villages in Chontales Nacajuca; that of St. James, in the villages of Chontalpa and Zoque; the Virgen de los Remedios in Nacajuca; the Assumption in Cupilco; of St. Francis of Assisi, in the Savannas Tamulté; those of Lent, in Atasta and Tamulté; the feast of San Sebastian in Tenosique. Examples of traditional parties and civic which dates along with the commercial and the joy of the people alternating, we have the following: Carnival and Pochó in Tenosique; Carnival Villahermosa; Cry evening, September 15; Christmas parties, the rodeos, the day of the dead, etc. The biggest and most important festivals of Tabasco is the exhibition or state fair; it has its origin in 1880, with the exhibition of artistic and cultural activities sponsored by Governor Manuel Foucher; was held at the Stone House, facing the Plaza de Armas. Years later, Jose Narciso Rovirosa promoted the first two exhibitions of Tabasco; which were carried out, from 1899 to 1900 by Prof. Alberto Correa Zapata in Moscardini Villa (current White House colony) on the banks of the Grijalva River in the place that later became the Tivoli Renewal; Hence the great variety of plants, flowers and fruits of Tabasco was displayed. It fell to Governor Lic. Tomas Garrido relive 28 years later, these exposures. This was once the Gral. Alvaro Obregon, President of the Republic, who inaugurated the Port of Frontera, regional crop and livestock exhibition. In 1929, the exhibition was held at the Santa Gertrudis property (current splits Bonanza Meadows Villahermosa) and the Black Lagoon or Lagartera (for its lagoon full of alligators). . Mr. Garrido There conditioned the north and called Tabasco Park; built a bridge and Spa The Corozo, placed a bust of General. Álvaro Obregón. He named the Lagoon of Illusions and installed at the top of an ancient ceiba a viewing platform which he called the Eyrie; were built on the form of a map of the state of Tabasco, kiosks of 17 municipalities and some major towns, where they explained their products. Homing of progress, youth dressed in costumes representing the most important production of his village, marched from the Plaza de Armas, escorted by Chinese charros and Puebla, marimbas, and gangs, until the Tabasco Park; between representatives were elected to "The Bella Flor de la Raza" custom continues today with the election of "the most beautiful flower of Tabasco." In 1934, when he was governor Lic. Noé Flower Casanova, Tabasco Park was reconstructed with 17 converging to a central kiosk avenues and a bust of José N. Rovirosa wise naturist placed. In 1950, Lic. Carlos A. Madrazo called Agora built the hall for large events. Don Manuel R. Mora completely remodeled it, he built an outdoor theater and changed his name to Tomas Garrido Park. During the administration of Lic. Trujillo Mario Garcia, Convention Hall was built on the banks of the pond of Illusions. The park continued to host exhibitions until 1981, when Eng. Leandro Rovirosa Wade, Governor of the State, he built the park The Bump in the urban development of Tabasco 2000, along the river Carrizal. Designed according to the geography of the state of Tabasco, with its highways, roads, railways, rivers, bridges and elevations; in this park kiosks were located in each municipality geographic rightful place. The park also featured, with outdoor theater, fitness center and an area for rides. In the park structure jutting The Bump by Juan Lombardo, which was located on Avenida Paseo Tabasco, one of the access roads to the park. In that place as before, the greatest festival of Tabasco, but with different names, duration and variety of activities, but with the authentic expression of the people and their government was held. . In 1995, Mr. Roberto Madrazo Pintado, as Governor of the State, took the initiative to organize the party with new features: Feria Tabasco named first having a duration of 24 days. During his tenure the headquarters of the maximum fair Tabasco the "Tabasco Park" was built. It is a totally popular show, in which all sectors of society involved, like the 17 municipalities of the state with cultural, educational, sports, the parade of cars and allegorical boats, art and music festivals, the choice of flower, folklore shows, the promotion of industrial and commercial investment, recreation and tourism, folk dances, bullfights, gastronomic shows, rodeos and the rides give you the hallmark joy, contemplating the brainchild of Tabasco and reaffirms its values locally, nationally and internationally sharing. Búsqueda personalizada
lunes, 21 de noviembre de 2016 How a Computer Works A computer is an electronic machine that processes information. There are different ways to get information into your computer, for example using a keyboard, mouse, microphone... The computer stores data on hard drive, and processes information using a processor. This processor or CPU is a microchip buried deep inside. Then, the computer outputs results to the speakers, screen, printer... It will be an easy way to understand how computer memory works. • Create a word cloud on Tagul with this unit vocabulary, download it as an PNG image and send it by email to your teacher. No hay comentarios: Publicar un comentario
Erase your E-Waste! With constant increases in how much technology and electronics are consumed it was just a matter of time before we would have to figure out how to deal with excess tech in our lives. As things become obsolete or unneeded our natural inclination is to get rid of them after they are no longer needed. The first thing to do is to see if a resale shop would be interested in purchasing your items before trying to donate or dispose of them. Typically, a resale shop if they are able to buy your things, a resale shop does not give you the full value of an item, but that is more than made up for by the immediacy and convenience of the sale. My personal favorite resale shop is Record Head, which is located on the corner of 71st and Greenfield in the heart of beautiful downtown West Allis. In addition to them taking in quite the variety of electronics for cash purchases at excellent prices they offer a service where they will insure that any electronics that they cannot take will be properly recycled without harm to the environment. If you cannot find anyone to give you any form of cash or trade for your unwanted electronics the best way to get any value out of them is to donate it to a school or charitable organization. A lot of time there is a serious disparity in technology that a school needs so a computer that you’re no longer using could make a difference in the education of a youngling. In addition to making an altruistic difference a charitable organization should give you a a slip where you can declare the value of your donations and use that value as a tax write off. Lastly, if you cannot find a resale shop or nonprofit that would be willing to take your items you need to do the leg work of making sure they are properly disposed of. DO NOT THROW THEM IN THE GARBAGE! Electronic devices are a complex mixture of several hundred materials. Many of these contain toxic heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium and beryllium, as well as hazardous chemicals, such as brominated flame retardants. Polluting PVC plastic is also frequently used. When these items are left unprocessed and in a land fill they are exposed to rainwater and the elements. When rainwater passes through these items it picks up these harmful chemicals on its way to the ground. Once these elements are introduced into our water supply it has numerous consequences. These chemicals are introduced into the things we eat and drink. Obviously this puts a strain on our water filtration system, and could easily affect the quality of our drinking water. Apart from that which is much harder to filter out are these chemicals effects on the water table in general. When this rainwater seeps into our groundwater after cycling through e-waste’s dangerous chemicals it effects the quality of water in lakes and streams which in turn effects fish and wildlife as well as the water used by farmers for their crops. Because of the negative effects on the environment it is imperative that you make sure that all of your unneeded electronics are properly taken care of. Make sure to visit a proper e-cycler like Record Head today!
Dienstag, 6. März 2007 The Anglo-Saxons ... Genes, Mind and Culture .... Nicholas Wade gives a good survey in the NYT about current thinking of geneticists about the population history of the British Isles since their recolonization after the Ice-Age. Geneticists seem to agree, that most of current people in the British Isle are stemming from this recolonization after the Ice-Age and not from later migrations bringing agriculture (4000 BC) or by the Celts, the Anglo-Saxons or the Vikings. (But Bryan Sykes seems to make greater differences between small neolithic and big celtic genetic influence on current populations.) The geneticists Stephen Oppenheimer, Bryan Sykes, Christopher Tyler-Smith, Mark Thomas, Peter Forster and others mostly disagree at the moment about the Anglo-Saxonian genetical influence. And there is another - may be - new insight: English is usually assumed to have developed in England, from the language of the Angles and Saxons, about 1,500 years ago. But Forster argues that the Angles and the Saxons were both really Viking peoples who began raiding Britain ahead of the accepted historical schedule. They did not bring their language to England because English, in his view, was already spoken there, probably introduced before the arrival of the Romans by tribes such as the Belgae, whom Caesar describes as being present on both sides of the Channel. (...) Germanic is usually assumed to have split into three branches: West Germanic, which includes German and Dutch; East Germanic, the language of the Goths and Vandals; and North Germanic, consisting of the Scandinavian languages. Forster's analysis shows English is not an offshoot of West Germanic, as usually assumed, but is a branch independent of the other three, which also implies a greater antiquity. Germanic split into its four branches some 2,000 to 6,000 years ago, Forster estimates. Addendum: Razib Khan and others are sceptical concerning the last thoughts. Me too. But you should never say never. Keine Kommentare: Beliebte Posts Registriert unter DieBestenBlogs.de
Thursday, August 4, 2011 Job’s Fairy Tale Ending (Job 42:14) How many daughters did Job have? Six [3 before his testing and 3 after his testing] (Job 1 and 42)] Job had the ideal life. He was “was blameless, upright, fearing God and turning away from evil (Job 1:1, NASB).” Job had an abundant family with seven sons and three daughters, the ancient Hebrew equivalent of 2.4 kids (Job 1:2). Job was also rich. The Bible goes to great lengths to enumerate his possessions (Job 1:3). Then the calamity for which he is known occurred and he lost all of his holdings (Job 1:14-17) and children (Job 1:18-19). After his redeemer came, Job’s story concludes with a fairy tale ending in which Job and his family live happily ever after. An inventory of his resources after his restoration shows that his assets have doubled since before his trial (Job 42:12). In contrast, though his family is rebuilt, Job has the same number of children at the end of the story as when it began (Job 42:13). The 2:1 rectification ratio does not work when dealing with human life. The implication is that life is irreplaceable. Job’s story also takes a subtle yet radical turn after his renewal as his daughters, not his sons, move to the forefront. Before the crisis, Job’s sons represent the vanguard. They held feasts on their birthdays and invited their sisters (Job 1:4). After the crisis, uncharacteristically, the focus is on the women, not the men, of Job’s family. Job’s seven sons remain unnamed and no comment is made about them (Job 42:13) while his three daughters are all named and extolled (Job 42:14-15). In fact, of his 20 children, Job’s last three daughters are the only ones named in the Biblical text. Their names were Jemimah, Keziah, and Keren-happuch (Job 42:14). He named the first Jemimah, and the second Keziah, and the third Keren-happuch. (Job 42:14 NASB) The text not only names Job’s daughters but also discusses them. Fitting with Job’s fairy tale ending, his daughters were the fairest women in all the land (Job 42:15). Job also provided his daughters with not just a dowry, which would later transfer to a husband, but an inheritance, an income that belonged to them alone (Job 42:15). This allowed Job’s daughters self sufficiency which was highly irregular in a time period when women and men were not treated equally (Numbers 27:1-8). As such, Job’s daughters have become associated with female equality. Why are Job’s second set of daughters named? What about his trials would change Job’s relationship to his daughters? What prompted their inheritance? Norman C. Habel (b. 1932) speculates that Job’s providing his daughters with an inheritance is indicative of his character. He writes, “By giving his daughters an inheritance with their brothers Job demonstrates that he continued a policy of justice and equity in his life which went beyond the normal practice of the ancient world (Job 31). In Israel, for example, a daughter would only inherit the property of her father if there was no male heir (Numbers 27:1-8).” (Habel, The Book of Job: A Commentary (Old Testament Library), 585) Job is deemed “blameless” and “upright” and to be so entails a concern for the poor and oppressed. Job’s actions foreshadow the equality that Paul would preach. That women should receive an equal inheritance is a relatively modern thought. There are still realms where equality is not practiced. When, if ever, should a double standard exist between men and women? “The best judge of whether or not a country is going to develop is how it treats its women. If it’s educating its girls, if women have equal rights, that country is going to move forward. But if women are oppressed and abused and illiterate, then they're going to fall behind.” - Barack Obama (b. 1961), Ladies’ Home Journal, September 2008 No comments: Facebook Blogger Plugin: Bloggerized by Enhanced by Post a Comment
Team of volunteer designers build flying star of new Museum of Science and Industry gallery By Culture24 Staff \| 02 July 2010 A black and white image of an early 20th century monoplane (Above) Image: M Goodall and A Tagg (deceased), authors of British Aircraft before the Great War, published by Schiffer Publishing Ltd., Atglen, PA Almost a century after it was conceived in a cramped textile workhouse on the outskirts of Manchester, a replica of the world's first enclosed cockpit monoplane volunteers will become one of the star attractions at the Museum of Science and Industry’s new £7 million Revolution Manchester Gallery after volunteers launched a painstaking mission to build it. Salford -born AV Roe’s single-seater F aeroplane was derided for its design when it was made by the Avro company in the Ancoats area in 1912, but its success played a key role in informing the construction of the Lancaster bomber and the first Transatlantic flight. A photo of two men discussing designs for a plane Dynamic designers Peter Teagle and Dennis Stead (left) discuss the Avro F propeller Formed to break down into pieces for easy transport by plane, it is being recreated by a 12-man squad using spruce, fabric, an ancient Viale engine and two-metre wings and propellers with the help of meticulous studies of old photos and drawings. "Roe's Avro F was an incredibly significant development at the time," says Project Manager Peter Teagle. "It was the first time that a pilot didn't have his head stuck outside the cockpit and it demonstrated the safety and power of monoplanes. "At the time people were very pessimistic about covered cockpits as they thought the pilot wouldn’t be able to see and would be choked by fumes and so on, but it proved to be fine. "Everyone also thought monoplanes were very unsafe and unstable but actually the single wing made it significantly stronger and allowed minimum drag and maximum fuel efficiency, so the monoplane could reach much faster speeds. Eventually they superseded the bi-planes altogether. "Few aeroplanes could be as representative of Manchester's contribution to aviation." The team has already built the wings, fuselage and rudder of the plane, and will work on the wings, undercarriage and controllers in the next phase. It is expected to be completed to coincide with the reopening of the main building in autumn 2010. More on the venues and organisations we've mentioned:
“That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind” – Neil Armstrong Filed under: Kennedy Space Center \| The words “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind” will forever be immortalized with the day man walked on the moon for the very first time at 20:17:39 UTC on July 20, 1969. They were words uttered by astronaut Neil Alden Armstrong and they were words that millions of people heard as they tuned into their primitive style television sets. Although TV sets had been around for a while before the moon landing most people around the globe were tuning into the moon landing broadcast on black and white screens. I was a mere youngster living in the UK back then and I still distinctly remember my family and friends crowding around the screen as we held our breath to see if the landing would happen… it would be a close call. To give you an idea of how the moon landing and TV came together you need to realize that only 0.5% of U.S. households had a television in 1946, 55.7% had one in 1954, and 90% by 1962. In Britain, there were 15,000 television households in 1947, 1.4 million in 1952, and 15.1 million by 1968. As a result, the moon landing was a big deal and it really was one of the first major events to be broadcast live. Color TV’s came around in the early 1970s so that’s why a lot of the video footage you see is in black and white! It is with sadness that we reflect on the passing of Neil Armstrong, aged 82, yesterday, 25th August 2012. Armstrong was born on 5th August 1930 and his life really was all about adventure and flight. It was on July 20, 1936, that he experienced his first airplane flight in Warren, Ohio, aged 6. His father took him on a ride in a Ford Trimotor,also known as the “Tin Goose”, and a love for aviation was born. Armstrong was a United States Navy officer who served in the Korean War before he became an astronaut, having graduated from Purdue University and the University of Southern California, after studying aerospace engineering. Following his graduation from Purdue, Armstrong decided to become an experimental research test pilot and Armstrong’s call-up from the Navy arrived on January 26, 1949, requiring him to report to Naval Air Station Pensacola for flight training. This lasted almost 18 months, during which he qualified for carrier landing aboard the USS Cabot and USS Wright. On August 16, 1950, two weeks after his 20th birthday, Armstrong was informed by letter he was a fully qualified Naval Aviator. Armstrong saw action in the Korean War but is was as an astronaut that he made his name. In 1958, he was selected for the U.S. Air Force’s “Man in Space Soonest” program and after President Kennedy’s proclamation on May 25, 1961 to put a man on the moon before the end of the 60’s decade, Armstrong was asked to join the NASA Astronaut Corps as part of what the press dubbed “the New Nine.” The crew assignments for Gemini 8 were announced on September 20, 1965, with Armstrong as Command Pilot and David Scott as Pilot. The mission launched on March 16, 1966 with the goal of making a rendezvous and docking with the unmanned Agena target vehicle. In total the mission was planned to last 75 hours and 55 orbits. The rendezvous and first ever docking between two spacecraft was successfully completed after 6.5 hours in orbit. After Armstrong served as backup commander for Apollo 8, he was offered the post of commander of Apollo 11 with Buzz Aldrin being selected as lunar module pilot and Michael Collins as command module pilot. The launch was scheduled for July 16th 1969 and the Apollo spacecraft duly launched via a Saturn V rocket which consisted of three parts; a Command Module with a cabin for the three astronauts ( the only part that would come back to earth); a Service Module containing propulsion, electrical power, oxygen and water ; and a Lunar Module for landing on the Moon. The objective of Apollo 11 was simply to land safely rather than to touch down with precision on a particular spot. Three minutes into the lunar descent burn, Armstrong noted that craters were passing about two seconds too early, which meant the Eagle Lunar Module would probably touch down beyond the planned landing zone by several miles. When Armstrong noticed they were heading towards a landing area which he believed was unsafe, he took over manual control of the Lunar Module, and attempted to find an area which seemed safer, taking longer than expected, and longer than most simulations had taken. For this reason, there was concern from mission control that the Lunar Module was running low on fuel. Upon landing, Aldrin and Armstrong believed they had about 40 seconds worth of fuel left, including the 20 seconds worth of fuel which had to be saved in the event of an abort. During training, Armstrong had landed the LLTV with less than 15 seconds left on several occasions, and he was also confident the Lunar Module could survive a straight-down fall from 50 feet (15 m) if needed. Analysis after the mission showed that at touchdown there were 45 to 50 seconds of propellant burn time left. The landing on the surface of the moon occurred at 20:17:39 UTC on July 20, 1969. When a sensor attached to the legs of the still hovering Lunar Module made lunar contact, a panel light inside the LM lit up and Aldrin called out, “Contact light.” As the Lunar Module settled on the surface Aldrin then said, “Okay. Engine stop,” and Armstrong said, “Shutdown.” The first words Armstrong intentionally spoke to Mission Control and the world from the lunar surface were, “Houston, Tranquility Basehere. The Eagle has landed.” Aldrin and Armstrong celebrated with a brisk handshake and pat on the back before quickly returning to the checklist of tasks needed to ready the lunar module for liftoff from the Moon should an emergency unfold during the first moments on the lunar surface.During the critical landing, the only message from Houston was “30 seconds”, meaning the amount of fuel left. When Armstrong had confirmed touch-down, Houston expressed their worries during the manual landing as “You got a bunch of guys about to turn blue. We’re breathing again.” Although the official NASA flight plan called for a crew rest period before extra-vehicular activity, Armstrong requested the first walk be moved to earlier in the evening.Once Armstrong and Aldrin were ready to go outside, Eagle was depressurized, the hatch was opened and Armstrong made his way down the ladder first. And the rest is history. After Apollo, Armstrong received many honors and awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Congressional Space Medal of Honor, the Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy, the Sylvanus Thayer Award, the Collier Trophy from the National Aeronautics Association, and the Congressional GoldMedal. The lunar crater “Armstrong”, 31 mi (50 km) from the Apollo 11 landing site, and asteroid 6469 Armstrong are named in his honor. Armstrong was also inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor and the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame.Armstrong and his Apollo 11 crewmates were also the 1999 recipients of the Langley Gold Medal from the Smithsonian Institution and throughout the United States, there are more than a dozen elementary, middle and high schools named in his honor,and many places around the world have streets, buildings, schools, and other places named for Armstrong and/or Apollo. After his death yesterday, the Armstrong’s family also released a statement that read “[he was a] reluctant American hero [and had] served his nation proudly, as a navy fighter pilot, test pilot, and astronaut. While we mourn the loss of a very good man, we also celebrate his remarkable life and hope that it serves as an example to young people around the world to work hard to make their dreams come true, to be willing to explore and push the limits, and to selflessly serve a cause greater than themselves.” “For those who may ask what they can do to honor Neil, we have a simple request. Honor his example of service, accomplishment and modesty, and the next time you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of Neil Armstrong and give him a wink.” This prompted many responses including the Twitter hashtag “#WinkAtTheMoon”. There’s not really much else to add to what was an amazing life. Every person on the planet today has much to thank Neil Armstrong and his colleagues at NASA for. It’s why we highly encourage everyone visiting Florida to visit Kennedy Space Center at least once during their stay. There’s so much history to see and so much to learn about our planet. RIP Neil Armstrong. God Speed.
About Xanthos Xanthos is the Greek name of Arnna, a city that was originally about the Lycian language. Hittite and Luwian name of the city in the inscriptions that Arinna (not to be confused with the nearby Hattusa Arinna) was added. Xanthos is a Greek name, adopted at its Hellenization. The Romans called the city of Xanthos, like all Greek-os suffixes change in America. Xanthos was a center of culture and commerce for the Lycians and later to the Persians, Greeks, Macedonians and Romans, among them, which in turn conquered the city and occupied the adjacent area. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire in the 15th Century the area was Turkish. The ancient city had been abandoned long ago. As a center of ancient Lycia and place of his greatest ancient Xanthus was a mecca for students of Anatolian civilization since the beginning of 19 Century. The site was inscribed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO since 1988. Xanthos Turkey History When we speak of the Xanthos valley, we speak of Lycia, an ancient port district in south-western Anatolia. Lycia was along the Mediterranean coast between Caria and Pamphylia, and extends inwardly of the ridge of the Taurus Mountains. The Lycians appear, as far as the 14 Century BC, when they appear in the records of the Egyptians, Hittites, and the people of Ugarit. Their land was then described as caught between the Hittites and Achaeans north coast. Known as Luka, they attended the Sea Peoples "attempt to Egypt in the late 13th century Penetrate, but after this brief flowering of activity they fade after 500 years. They then return to it as a thriving maritime people organized in a league of cities. Neither Phrygia nor Lydia were able to take control of Lycia, but eventually abandoned the country to provide general Harpagus, Cyrus, after a resistance heroic (see Xanthos). Under Achaemenid Persia, and later under the domination of the Romans, Lycia enjoyed relative freedom and was able to maintain its facilities to the government at the time of Augustus. It was AD Roman Pamphylia Annex 43 and became a Roman province after four separate Century. From a tourism perspective, this is the beauty of the Lycian cities they built there on top of things. That the makes it easier to find, and this means that when you get there, the view is generally quite good. Only Lycians died because of the characteristic architecture of the tomb in silence to recognize. The "house" of the graves have been carved into the rock walls surround a symbol of this part of Turkey and the sarcophagi, the sides of the city are also distinctive Xanthos, xanthos history, Turkey xanthos.
TY - BOOK DB - /z-wcorg/ DP - http://worldcat.org ID - 33408247 LA - English T1 - B.F. Skinner and behaviorism in American culture AU - Smith, Laurence D., AU - Woodward, William Ray, PB - Lehigh University Press ; Associated University Presses CY - Bethlehem; London; Cranbury, NJ Y1 - 1996/// SN - 0934223408 9780934223409 AB - "This book is about the eminent behavioral scientist B. F. Skinner (1904-90), the American culture in which he lived and worked, and the behaviorist movement that played a leading role in American psychological and social thought during the twentieth century." "From a base of research on laboratory animals in the 1930s, Skinner built a committed and influential following as well as a utopian movement for social reform. His radical ideas attracted much public attention and generated heated controversy. By the mid-1970s, he had become the most widely recognized scientist in America, surpassing even Margaret Mead and Linus Pauling. Yet Skinner himself was an unassuming family man from a modest middle-class background, a machine-shop tinkerer whose tastes ran to English and French literature." "Drawing on archival research, interviews, and historical styles appropriate to the evidence, the authors assembled in this volume examine Skinner's remarkable rise to prominence in the wider context of America's intellectual, cultural, and social history."--BOOK JACKET. ER -
Encounter other mammals: a dolphin, a shark. And Homo sapiens, such as Bruce Sweets angling ancestors in his Tales of a Grandfather a typical yet unique mother in Melanie Faiths Emptying-Out Place, who reminds us all of the restorative powers of the Earths seascapes and the wealth of friends found in Charles Ad Fishmans poemSleeping Near Water (in the portfolio Five by Fishman). Sharks are generally susceptible to overfishing because they grow slowly, mature late and produce few young. Deepwater sharks are exceptionally slow-growing and therefore vulnerable, even by shark standards. They are increasingly sought for their rich liver oil, used primarily for pharmaceutical purposes. Deepwater shark fisheries in several parts of the world have led to rapid and serious population depletion with several species are now considered threatened by the IUCN. Despite leading the world in international shark conservation, the US does not safeguard deepwater sharks. Last month, French officials reported to CCAMLR concern over an upsurge in fisheries for deepwater sharks in the waters off Antarctica. This is only a little content summary of the Ocean Blue resource, feel free to browse the following sites: Ocean blue
You are currently browsing the tag archive for the ‘sarcoptic mange’ tag. They come in many forms. None of the forms are fun. Parasites can be easy to prevent, easy to test for and easy to treat- if caught soon enough. If not, these sometimes microscopic demons can wreak havoc on your companion- and can even pose a threat to humans of the house. First, there are different types of parasites. Some are internal and some are external. Fleas, ticks, mites, and mange are all examples of external parasites. We will be discussing external parasites… internal parasites can be handled at another time- because there are too many to mention on just one post. fleaThis is a flea. A flea is a tiny, wingless insect thriving in warm, humid climates. Depending on your geographic location, fleas may be a seasonal or year-round issue. Flea infestations in some areas can actually be severe enough to cause anemia and even death from secondary infection. Adult fleas are brown and about the size of a sesame seed. Since there may only be a few fleas on your pet, some people actually detect the “flea dirt” before they see fleas or signs of scratching. Flea dirt is tiny black specks on the animal, which is the flea’s fecal matter. Flea dirt is largely noticeable around the ears and neck of an animal, but as the infestation continues it can be seen everywhere. An adult female is capable of producing and dropping up to 50 eggs each day, so the best treatment for fleas, like any parasite, is prevention or early detection. Carpets, bedding, and furniture can become breeding grounds for flea eggs unless they are cleaned regularly. Unfed tick on (L), engorged tick on (R) Ticks. Ticks don’t have a fan in the world. Ticks find a host, bury their heads into the skin and suck as much blood as they can. Ticks are capable of spreading dangerous diseases such as Lyme or Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Tick infestations severe enough can cause anemia and death, which has been known to happen to puppies of stray dogs in places like Arizona. Ticks are most often found on dogs on the ears, face, neck, between the toes and between the legs and body. On cats, ticks are generally found on the face and neck. To decrease the chance of you or your pet contracting a disease from a tick, treating your pet with tick preventative is important. Once tick season has begun, brushing your pet regularly will help you find ticks that may find their way onto him or her. Once you find a tick on your pet, immediate removal is key. When removing a tick, the best way to do so is by pulling it off with tweezers or a cotton ball. DO NOT USE RUBBING ALCOHOL, PETROLEUM JELLY, OR A HOT MATCH! These remedies can cause the tick to salivate into the open wound which will increase the possibility of infection. MITES. There are 3 different types of mites that can call your pet “Home”… ear-miteEar mites can cause serious problems if left untreated. They can cause permanent damage to the inner ear and ear canal, which control the balance of your pet. It may result in your pet having sores in and around the ears from constant scratching, secondary infections, or an inability to walk correctly or balance themselves. Treating ear mites is very simple. Either you can go to your vet & pay up to $20 for a bottle of medication- Or, use an ear dropper and plain ol’ mineral oil and take car of the mites almost immediately at home- without the $45 office visit. scabiesThis is sarcoptic mange. Also known as “Scabies”. This mange affects dogs of all age, and are highly contagious. They can be transmitted through contact, bedding and even grooming tools. These mange mites burrow through the top layer of the dog’s skin and cause severe itching. This causes generalized hair loss, bleeding and crusting of the skin. Many times secondary skin infections develop because of the inflammation. People who come in contact with the skin of an infected dog may also develop a rash, and should seek medical attention immediately. Sarcoptic mange is the more difficult mange to cure. Dogs need medication and their environment must be cleaned and sanitized routinely. It is also a good idea to keep the animal isolated as much as possible from other animals and people until the mange is gone. demodexDemodectic mange mites are largely a problem only in dogs. These mites are microscopic and not very contagious. It is possible, though, for a mother dog to pass them to her pups. These mites tend to be localized to areas of the body and tends to appear as patches of red, dry, scaly skin around the eyes, mouth, legs and trunk. Unlike other types of mange, demodectic mange can actually be an indication of an underlying medical problem, so it is important to seek the help of a licensed veterinarian. When caught early, the mange is generally cured with proper diet, exercise and medicated shampoo. However, if localized mange is allowed to spread to generalized (demodecosis), it can be difficult to treat and treatment may only actually result in controlling the condition instead of curing it.
Climate Impacts on Human Health Living environment with good quality may have positive influences on people. But devaluation of our environment, caused by pollution of air, water and soil contamination, radiation, noise, chemical substances and many other factors could have also a negative impacts not just on environment but also on ourselves and on human health. Terri Swearingen New phenomenon such as change of climate, loss of natural resources, loss of biodiversity, which are induced mainly by humans, have big and long term impacts on human health and their well-being. The climate is changing very quickly and brings extreme weather events such as heat-waves, storms, floods, ice melting, sea level rising, solar radiation, droughts, cyclones, and many other impacts. These factors impact on our health and create also food and water shortages, air pollution, loss of homes and livelihoods, mass migration, suffering and deaths. Climate, which affects weather conditions, has a significant role on people´s health. The climate change is one of the greatest health threats we face. In general, the climate change doesn´t bring many new or unrecognized threats, but it will arise some important impacts between environment and people´s health, which will be considerably stronger and more evident in the future then it is actually. People are influenced directly by heat and cold or indirectly by changing of people´s behavior (people are forced to move from their homes because of many environmental, social, economic and other reasons), by the growing frequency of contagious diseases transmitted by vectors or nutrition and so on. “Climate change is the biggest global health threat of the 21st century. The impacts will be felt all around the world — and not just in some distant future but in our lifetimes and those of our children.” — The Lancet, 2009 The main problems caused by climate change are: Deaths and illnesses Around 150 000 deaths each year in the world are due to climate change. Deaths are caused by malnutrition, malaria, diarrhea and flooding. People are suffering and dying also because of extreme heat-waves and rising temperatures every year. Warmer temperatures cause warmer days and more frequent heat-waves. In Europe, there were 70 000 deaths in 2003 caused by heat-waves. This number will rise, there will be 30 000 of people dying every year by the end of thirties and 50000 – 110 000 in eighties. Infections transmitted by nutrition and vectors Infections transmitted by nutrition will be transmitted more and more often in dependence on rising temperatures. A good example is Salmonella. Infections and diseases related to transmission by vectors (e.g. malaria) are transmitted mainly by mosquitos and ticks. Because of rising temperatures, they are spreading geographically to the north and may cause appearance of new diseases in the new countries. Problems related to water Besides of floods, there are many other important problems related to water. There is an increase of diseases and infections transmitted by water because of its contamination. Lack of access to good quality of drinking water, contaminated water use for drinking and bathing, inadequate sanitation, may have significant consequences on human health. Quality of air Pollution of air may damage human health by respiration and cause lung cancer and respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The major pollutants are industries, power plants, traffic and transportation, agriculture and households. The most serious consequences of climate change are likely to be in relation to ozone, which is the most pollutant substance in the air. Solar and ultraviolet radiation Another indirect impact on health caused by climate change is changing of ultraviolet radiation. The higher temperatures influence the selections of clothing and amount of time spent outdoors and potentially increase of human exposure to ultraviolet radiation. “Climate change threatens our fragile existence on this planet.” Jim Yong Kim, World Bank To prevent these consequences on human health we need early warning systems, efficient health services mainly for uneducated, poor, old and young people and some efficient restrictions and norms to reduce the negative impacts on our environment and human health. Author: Janka Suľová 2 thoughts on “Climate Impacts on Human Health 1. It´s a quite huge number – 150 000 deaths caused by climate change. I wish i would able to change it in a global scale… but true is all of us is able to figure it (consequences) out, at least in a small local area around us. 2. “Pollution of air may damage human health by respiration and cause lung cancer and respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.” If pollution are so bad and technologies are so far, why people do nothing with that?.. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s
HideShow resource information • Created by: zoe • Created on: 31-01-14 09:38 What is a stimulus? a change in an organisms environment 1 of 74 What is an animal's response coordinated by? the central nervous system (CNS) 2 of 74 What is the CNS also known as? the processing centre 3 of 74 What is the CNS connected to the body by? peripheral nervous system (PNS) 4 of 74 What does the CNS consist of? the brain and spiral chord 5 of 74 What does the PNS consist of? sensory neurons and motor neurons 6 of 74 What do sensory neurons do? carry impulses from receptors to the CNS 7 of 74 What do motor neurons do? carry impulses from the CNS to effectors 8 of 74 What is the job of muscle cells (the effectors)? impulses travel along motor neurons and stop at them so they contact 9 of 74 What happens to light receptors in the retina of the eye? the lens focuses light onto them and they are then stimulated and send impulses along sensory neurons to the brain 10 of 74 What happens to hormone secreting cells in a gland (effectors)? an impulse travels along a motor neuron and stops at them. this triggers the release of the hormone into the bloodstream. 11 of 74 What are neurons? specially-adapted cells that carry an electrical signal when stimulated 12 of 74 Why are neurons elongated? to make make connections between different parts of your body. 13 of 74 Why do neurons have branched endings? so that a single neuron can act on many other neurons or effectors. 14 of 74 What happens in motor neurons? the cytoplasm forms a long fibre surrounded by a cell membrane called an axon. 15 of 74 What does the fatty sheath that surrounds some axons do? insulates the neuron from neighbouring cells and increases the speed at which the nerve impulse is transmitted. 16 of 74 What are synapses? the gaps between adjacent neurons. 17 of 74 What is step 1 of how are impulses transferred between neurons? nerve impulse reaches the synapse through the sensory neuron. 18 of 74 What is step 2 of how are impulses transferred between neurons? the impulse triggers the release of chemicals called neurotransmitters into the synapse. 19 of 74 What is step 3 of how are impulses transferred between neurons? neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapse and bind with receptor molecules on the membrane of a motor neuron 20 of 74 What is step 4 of how are impulses transferred between neurons? A nerve impulse is sent through the motor neuron. 21 of 74 What do receptor molecules only bind with? certain chemicals to start a nerve impulse in the motor neuron. 22 of 74 What is a reflex action? a fast, automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus. 23 of 74 What is the basic pathway for a reflex arc? receptor's stimulated, impulses pass along sensory neuron into spinal chord, sensory neuron synapses with a relay neuron bypassing the brain, relay neuron synapses with motor neuron sending impulses to effectors, effectors respond. 24 of 74 What does the fixed pathway of neurons allow? a very rapid response as there isn't any processing of information by the brain 25 of 74 What is the stepping reflex in newborn babies? when held under its arms in an upright position, with feet on a firm surface, a baby makes walking movements with its legs. 26 of 74 What is the grasping reflex in newborn babies? baby tightly grasps a finger that is placed in its hand. 27 of 74 What is the rooting reflex in newborn babies? baby turns head and opens mouth ready to feed when its cheek is stroked. 28 of 74 What is the sucking reflex in newborn babies? baby sucks on a finger (or mothers ******) that is put in its mouth. 29 of 74 What is the pupil reflex in adults? when your eye stops bright lights from damaging your retina . 30 of 74 How does the pupil reflex work? your iris controls the amount of light that enters your eye by contracting various muscle fibres 31 of 74 What is the stimulus that naturally triggers a response called? primary stimulus. 32 of 74 What is a new stimulus called? secondary stimulus. 33 of 74 What has to happen to form a conditioned reflex action? an association between the primary and secondary stimulus has to formed. 34 of 74 Who discovered the conditioned reflex effect? 35 of 74 What does the final response have in a conditional reflex? no direct connection to the stimulus 36 of 74 What can some conditional reflexes do? increase a species chance of survival. 37 of 74 What can condition reflexes also be refereed as? simple learning 38 of 74 What can your brain sometimes do by sending a signal, via neutron, to the motor neuron in the reflex arc? override or modify a reflex action 39 of 74 What do mammals complex brain contain billions of? 40 of 74 Why do mammals have so many neurons? to allow them to learn from experience, including learning how to respond to different situations and social behaviour. 41 of 74 In mammals brains what are formed in the brain during development? neuron pahways 42 of 74 What increases as each neuron matures in the brain? number of synapses 43 of 74 What happens each time you have a new experience? a different neuron pathway is stimulated 44 of 74 What happens to the pathway each time a new experience is repeated? it strengthens 45 of 74 What happens eventually to pathways that aren't used regularly? they're deleted 46 of 74 What happens to pathways that are activated the most? they're preserved 47 of 74 What does PET stand for? positron emission tomography 48 of 74 What does a PET scan provide? a 3D image which shows neuron activity in parts of the brain in response to learning words through speaking, seeing or hearing them 49 of 74 What happens to areas that are stimulated the most? they develop more synapses between neutrons 50 of 74 What can you check to see if development in children is following normal patterns? developmental milestones 51 of 74 What could it mean if milestones are late or missing? there are neurological problems or the child is lacking stimulation 52 of 74 What are feral children? children who have been isolated from society in some way so they don't go through the normal developmental process 53 of 74 In the absence of any other humans what do children learn to do instead of gaining the ability to talk? make rudimentary grunting noises 54 of 74 What does the variety of potential pathways in the brain make it possible for animals to do? adapt to knew situations, like being trained by a human. 55 of 74 In what area of the brain are intelligence, memory, language, and consciousness dealt with? the cerebral cortex 56 of 74 What 3 different methods have scientists used to map the cerebral cortex? physiological techniques, electronic techniques and MRI scanning 57 of 74 What is memory? the ability to store and retrieve information 58 of 74 What happens in short term memory? stores information for a limited period of time 59 of 74 What happens in long term memory? stores an unlimited amount of information 60 of 74 What can be done to short term memories to become long term? rehearse them 61 of 74 Why is the rehearse method argued? It has been proved wrong but they don't really know how memory works so they are continuing to research 62 of 74 What two reasons might be why we forget things? physical- like neurons decaying or lack of retrieval- like not using the information 63 of 74 What disease is likely to be caused by neurons decaying? Alzheimer's disease 64 of 74 What can make us more likely to remember information? repeating it, having a strong stimulus associated with it, you can see a pattern in it or impose a pattern on it 65 of 74 How do some drugs and toxins affect the nervous system? by changing the speed at which nerve impulses travel to the brain 66 of 74 How else other than speed can drugs affect the nervous system? send false signals to the brain, prevent nerve impulses from travelling across synapses, overload the nervous system with too many nerve impulses. 67 of 74 What is serotonin? a chemical transmitter used in the CNS 68 of 74 What sort of effects can serotonin have? mood enhancing effects 69 of 74 By blocking the transporter sites causing serotonin to build up in the synapse what effects does ecstasy cause? serotonin concentrations in the brain to increase and the user to experience feelings of elation. 70 of 74 After using ecstasy what can be be caused in the long term? memory loss 71 of 74 What is the process in which serotonin follows? it passes across the brains synapses, landing on receptor molecules, serotonin not on a receptor is absorbed back into the transmitting neuron by the transporter molecules. 72 of 74 What are nervous and chemical response systems necessary to control? the body's functions 73 of 74 What responses are nervous responses shorter than? chemical responses 74 of 74 Other cards in this set Card 2 What is an animal's response coordinated by? the central nervous system (CNS) Card 3 What is the CNS also known as? Preview of the front of card 3 Card 4 What is the CNS connected to the body by? Preview of the front of card 4 Card 5 What does the CNS consist of? Preview of the front of card 5 View more cards No comments have yet been made Similar Science resources: See all Science resources »See all Brain and Mind resources »
Science and research NEWS Research NEWS Leave a comment Missing Y chromosome kept us apart from Neanderthals The Y chromosome is a hindrance Four gene mutations For example, a mutation in one of the genes, KDM5D that plays a role in cancer suppression, has previously been linked to increased risk of miscarriages as it can elicit an immune response in pregnant mothers. “That could be one reason why we don’t see Neanderthal Y chromosomes in modern human populations,” says Mark Pagel an evolutionary biologist at the University of Reading. It could also be one factor keeping the two species as separate species. The researchers also used the new DNA sequences to estimate the time when the most recent common ancestor of Neanderthal and modern human Y chromosomes existed. They came up with a figure of around 590,000 years ago, which agrees with other estimates for the split of the two groups. Journal reference: The American Journal of Human Genetics, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.02.023 Leave a comment How a Killer Parasite Evolved from Pond Scum A genomic study of a corkscrew-shaped parasite living in the guts of insects shows how it originated from algae — just like another notorious killer, the malaria parasite. The transition to a parasitic lifestyle completely dependent on a host usually comes with genomic reduction — why keep genes that help you function and take care of yourself when you’re living off someone else at their expense? The most extreme of these transitions is from free-living algae making their own food (autotrophs) to obligate parasites. Helicosporidium parasiticum — which kills juvenile blackflies, caterpillars, beetles and mosquitoes — was first described about a century ago, but we still don’t know much about their origin. When a team led by Patrick Keeling from the University of British Columbia sequenced the genome of Helicosporidium, they found that the parasitic protist evolved from green algae. But surprisingly, the parasite kept most of its ancestral functions. Compared with the closely related green algae, Coccomyxa subellipsoidea and Chlorella variabilis, the parasite’s genome was hardly reduced at all. There is, however, one major exception: It preserved virtually all of its genes except those needed for harvesting light and photosynthesis, which it doesn’t need as a parasite. “It’s as if photosynthesis has been surgically removed from its genome,” Keeling says in a news release The researchers have previously shown that the malaria pathogen, Plasmodium, shares a common evolutionary lineage with the algae known for those toxic red tides. But unlike Helicosporidium, which lost nearly nothing, malaria reduced its genome dramatically and became dependent on its host for nutrients. “Both malaria and Helicosporidium started out as alga and ended up as intracellular parasites preying on animals, but they have done it in very different ways,” Keeling says. By comparing how parasites evolve at the molecular level in these two distantly related lineages, the researchers hope to better understand their methods of infection. Maybe it could help control the population of pest-insect hosts. The work was published in PLOS Genetics Leave a comment Y Chromosome Is More Than a Sex Switch In a second Nature paper, also published online today, another group of researchers used a different genetic sequencing approach, and a different set of mammals, to ask similar questions about the evolution of the Y chromosome. Like Bellott’s paper, the second study concluded thatone reason that the Y chromosome has remained stable over recent history is the dosage dependence of the remaining genes. Leave a comment How Cells Get Their Identity How Cells Get Their Identity Liver, muscle, blood, and all other cells in the body have the same set of genes, yet each looks and functions differently. Specialization is driven by regulatory DNA that helps determine which genes are turned on and when. That regulatory DNA includes promoters, which are located at the start of the gene, and enhancers, which can sit some distance away. Now, an international team led by Japanese researchers has developed comprehensive atlases of the promoters and enhancers, The Scientist reports today. The atlases were published online today in Nature, with several more papers in other journals making use of these atlases. Leave a comment Leave a comment Equation to describe competition between genes In biology, scientists typically conduct experiments first, and then develop mathematical or computer models afterward to show how the collected data fit with theory. In his work, Rob Phillips flips that practice on its head. The Caltech biophysicist tackles questions in cellular biology as a physicist would — by first formulating a model that can make predictions and then testing those predictions. Using this strategy, Phillips and his group have recently developed a mathematical model that accounts for the way genes compete with each other for the proteins that regulate their expression. A paper describing the work appears in the current issue of the journal Cell. The lead authors on the paper are Robert Brewster and Franz Weinert, postdoctoral scholars in Phillips’s lab. “The thing that makes this study really interesting is that we did our calculations before we ever did any experiments,” says Phillips, the Fred and Nancy Morris Professor of Biophysics and Biology at Caltech and principal investigator on the study. “Just as it is amazing that we have equations for the orbits of planets around stars, I think it’s amazing that we are beginning to be able to write equations that predict the complex behaviors of a living cell.” A number of research teams are interested in modeling gene expression — accurately describing all the processes involved in going from a gene to the protein or other product encoded by that DNA. For simplicity’s sake, though, most such models do not take competition into consideration. Instead, they assume that each gene has plenty of whatever it needs in order to be expressed — including the regulatory proteins called transcription factors. However, Phillips points out, there often is not enough transcription factor around to regulate all of the genes in a cell. For one thing, multiple copies of a gene can exist within the same cell. For example, in the case of genes expressed on circular pieces of DNA known as plasmids, it is common to find hundreds of copies in a single cell. In addition, many transcription factors are capable of binding to a variety of different genes. So, as in a game of musical chairs, the genes must compete for a scarce resource — the transcription factors. Phillips and his colleagues wanted to create a more realistic model by adding in this competition. To do so, they looked at how the level of gene expression varies depending on the amount of transcription factor present in the cell. To limit complexity, they worked with a relatively simple case — a gene in the bacterium E. coli that has just one binding site where a transcription factor can attach. In this case, when the transcription factor binds to the gene, it actually prevents the gene from making its product — it represses expression. To build their mathematical model, the researchers first considered all the various ways in which the available transcription factor can interact with the copies of this particular gene that are present in the cell, and then developed a statistical theory to represent the situation. “Imagine that you go into an auditorium, and you know there are a certain number of seats and a certain number of people. There are many different seating arrangements that could accommodate all of those people,” Phillips says. “If you wanted to, you could systematically enumerate all of those arrangements and figure out things about the statistics — how often two people will be sitting next to each other if it’s purely random, and so on. That’s basically what we did with these genes and transcription factors.” Using the resulting model, the researchers were able to make predictions about what would happen if the level of transcription factor and the number of gene copies were independently varied so that the proteins were either in high demand or there were plenty to go around, for example. With predictions in hand, the researchers next conducted experiments while looking at E. coli cells under a microscope. To begin, they introduced the genes on plasmids into the cells. They needed to track exactly how much transcription factor was present and the rate of gene expression in the presence of that level of transcription factor. Using fluorescent proteins, they were able to follow these changes in the cell over time: the transcription factor lit up red, while the protein expressed by the gene without the transcription factor attached glowed green. Using video fluorescence microscopy and a method, developed in the lab of Caltech biologist Michael Elowitz, for determining the brightness of a single molecule, the researchers were able to count the level of transcription factor present and the rate at which the green protein was produced as the cells grew and divided. The team found that the experimental data matched the predictions they had made extremely well. “As expected, we find that there are two interesting regimes,” says Brewster. “One is that there’s just not enough protein to fill the demand. Therefore, all copies of the gene cannot be repressed simultaneously, and some portion will glow green all the time. In that case, there are correlations between the various copies of the genes. They know, in some sense, that the others exist. The second case is that there is a ton of this transcription factor around; in that case, the genes act almost exactly as if the other genes aren’t there — there is enough protein to shut off all of the genes simultaneously.” The data fit so well with their model, in fact, that Phillips and his colleagues were able to use plots of the data to predict how many copies of the plasmid would be found in a cell as it grew and multiplied at various points throughout the cell cycle. “Many times in science you start out trying to understand something, and then you get so good at understanding it that you are able to use it as a tool to measure something else,” says Phillips. “Our model has become a tool for measuring the dynamics of how plasmids multiply. And the dynamics of how they multiply isn’t what we would have naively expected. That’s a little hint that we’re pursuing right now.” Overall, he says, “this shows that the assertion that biology is too complicated to be predictive might be overly pessimistic, at least in the context of bacteria.” Story Source: The above story is based on materials provided by California Institute of Technology. The original article was written by Kimm Fesenmaier. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. Journal Reference: Robert C. Brewster, Franz M. Weinert, Hernan G. Garcia, Dan Song, Mattias Rydenfelt, Rob Phillips. The Transcription Factor Titration Effect Dictates Level of Gene Expression. Cell, 2014; DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.022 Leave a comment > DNA microarray analysis, a high-speed method by which the expression of thousands of genes can be analyzed simultaneously, was invented in the late 1980s and developed in the 1990s. Genetic researchers used a glass slide with tiny dots of copies of DNA to test match genes they were trying to identify. Because the array of dots was so small, it was called a “microarray.” There is a strong correlation between the field of molecular biology and medical research, and microarray technology is used routinely in the area of cancer research and other epidemiology studies. Many research groups apply it to detect genetic variations between biological samples and information about aberrant gene expression levels can be used in what is called “personalized medicine.” This includes customized approaches to medical care, including finding new drugs for gene targets where diseases have genetic causes and potential cures are based on an individual’s aberrant gene’s signal. An article written by Abelson published in the current issue of BMC Bioinformatics(2014,15:53) describes the new software tool and provides examples of its uses. “Eureka-DMA combines simplicity of operation and ease of data management with the rapid execution of multiple task analyses,” says Abelson. “This ability can help researchers who have less experience in bioinformatics to transform the high throughput data they generate into meaningful and understandable information.” Eureka-DMA has a distinct advantage over other software programs that only work “behind the scenes” and provide only a final output. It provides users with an understanding of how their actions influence the outcome throughout all the data elucidation steps, keeping them connected to the data, and enabling them to reach optimal conclusions. “It is very gratifying to see the insightful initiative of Sagi Abelson, a leading ‘out-of-the-box’ thoughtful Technion doctorate student whom I have had the privilege of supervising,” said Prof. Karl Skorecki, the Director of the Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences at the Technion Faculty of Medicine and Director of Medical and Research Development at the Rambam Health Care Campus. “Over and above his outstanding PhD thesis research project on cancer stem cells, Sagi has developed — on his own — a user-friendly computer-based graphical interface for health and biological research studies. Eureka-DMA enables users to easily interpret massive DNA expression data outputs, empowering researchers (and in the future, clinicians) to generate new testable hypotheses with great intuitive ease, and to examine complex genetic expression signatures of genes that provide information relevant to health and disease conditions. This was enabled by combining outstanding insight and expertise in biological and computer sciences, demonstrating the unique multidisciplinary strengths and intellectual freedom that fosters creative innovation at the Technion.” According to Abelson, Eureka-DMA was programmed in MATLAB, a high-level language and interactive environment for numerical computation, visualization, and programming. Advanced users of MATLAB can analyze data, develop algorithms, and create models and applications to explore multiple hypotheses and reach solutions faster than with spreadsheets or traditional software. Eureka-DMA uses many of MATLAB’s toolbox features to provide ways to search for enriched pathways and genetic terms and then combines them with other relevant features. Raw data input is through Windows Excel or text files. This, says Abelson, spares the user from dealing with multiple and less common microarray files received by different manufacturers. Results can then be exported into a ‘txt’ file format,’ or Windows Excel, making Eureka-DMA a unified and flexible platform for microarray data analysis, interpretation and visualization. It can also be used as a fast validation tool for results obtained by different methods. Eureka-DMA loads and exports genetic data, “normalizes” raw data, filters non-relevant data, and enables pathway enrichment analysis for mapping genes on cellular pathways. The user can browse through the enriched pathways and create an illustration of the pathway with the differentially expressed genes highlighted. After identifying the differentially expressed genes, biological meaning is ascribed via the software so that the identification of significant co-clustered genes with similar properties — cellular components, a biological process, or a molecular function — can be achieved. Eureka-DMA software is freely available for academic users and can be downloaded at
The Pardoner in The Canterbury Tales. February 18, 2009 at 8:19 pm Leave a comment Other than the Wife of Bath, the Pardoner is perhaps Chaucer’s greatest creation. We do not know exactly who he may have based his characters on, but the Pardoner was a well-known figure in fourteenth century Europe. What Was a Pardoner? The Pardoner was preceeded by a Summoner, who would inform an individual that they have been excommunicated from the Church, convicted of heresy, or whatever infraction that would mean your soul would burn in hell for eternity. The Pardoner would follow, and contact the individual, offering him a monetary deal (indulgences) for special prayers and consideration on the part of the Pope. The Indulgence Scam Of course, now we know the practice of Indulgence money was the biggest scam in the history of the world, making Bernie Madoff look like a petty theif. In the fourteenth century, most people were vulnerable as God fearing citizens, and did not know any truth other than the Indulgence system. Tens of thousands emptied their life savings. The Ironic Voice of the Pardoner. What makes Chaucer’s Pardoner so interesting is that he knows that he is a charlatan. He knows that he is running a scam. In fact, it appears that he does not really have any Papal dispensation whatsoever, and runs a prayer for money operation like a travelling medicine man, a sideshow character. It is how upfront the Pardoner is about the workings of his business that throws many people. Why is he being so honest and detailed about what a good theif he is? Of course, in an ultimate act of audacity, after telling the pilgrims about his quackery, and delivering a sermon about it, he tries to sell pardons to all the pilgrims! Is It Satire? I have often been asked by you all the question as to whether the depiction of the Padoner is Chaucer’s scathing satire against the Roman Catholic Church. There are better minds for whom this area is a specialty, but I would say probably not. It is more than likely that the charcter of the Pardoner is a satire of this particular type of Pardoner who pretends at his job and gets a lot of money, hence, screwing the Church of their cut. The Pardoner’s Tale: An Exemplum, and an Ironic One. The Pardoner’s Tale is what is known as an exemplum. These are sermons that convey a moral message by telling a story. The story becomes an example. So the Pardoner’s Tale uses the story of the three friends who find the pot of gold as an example of cupidity, or “greed is the root of all evil.” You probably notice right off the bat the irony of the Pardoner’s Tale. He tells it as a sermon about how greed is the root of all evil, and yet, he is the most greedy and direputable of all characters. Entry filed under: Assignments, British Literature. New Readings: The Wife of Bath and The Pardoner. Questions for Reading, Thinking, Writing: The Wife of Bath Leave a Reply WordPress.com Logo Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s Trackback this post \| Subscribe to the comments via RSS Feed %d bloggers like this:
Sequencing Events in Muhammad's Life Students explore the life of Muhammad. After reading about the life of Muhammad, students work in pairs arrange given sentence strips in chronological order. Each group records and adds events to the previous group's sentence strips. Students discuss the accuracy of the strips and the significance of the major events. 3 Views 29 Downloads Resource Details 5th - 12th Social Studies & History 1 more... Resource Type Lesson Plans Instructional Strategy Skills Practice
Scientists Develop Innovation in CO2 Emissions Capture 26 Jul 14:00 by Steve Walia A research team from the University of York announced this week that they have devised a creative new means of capturing greenhouse gas emissions from large industrial plants, including power stations. So-called Starbons are produced from biomass waste such as seaweed and food peel, and they were originally discovered a decade ago by the university's chemistry department. The use of these clean and green items has now been proven to be more efficient, greener and targeted than other existing emission-reduction systems currently available on a commercial basis. Methods that are widely used at the moment include amine treatment, which uses expensive and energy-intensive liquid solutions for a comparatively low output. Starbons, however, contain synthetic pores, which increase C02 absorption by as much as 65pc. They are also more selective in their CO2 capture when combined with nitrogen, offering four times the selectivity ratio than other existing methods. Starbons are also very quick to absorb CO2 and retain their properties in water. This means that they are more effective at capturing carbon, sustainable in themselves to produce and cheap to manufacture, offering fantastic potential for meaningful emissions reductions for power plants, manufacturing plants and chemical processing facilities both in Britain and across the world. The development also offers the UK the chance to develop the proposition commercially and become a leader in this particular field whilst offering the government a means of getting closer to EU emissions targets for 2020. With achievement of that target currently looking uncertain, this could be good news for policy-makers indeed. The head of the university's Chemistry Centre, Professor James Clark, said that Starbons had great potential for low-cost, efficient and sustainable emissions reduction, and he said that the team were working on a commercial development proposition as a next step.
Long Live the Queen Queen Liliuokalani, born in 1838, is the epitome of girl power as the last and only reigning Queen Monarch of Hawaii. Raised under the royal family, Liliuokalani was well-educated and spoke fluent English. Native Hawaiians, like most indigenous people, were marketed to the American people as less than capable, required the aid of a more civilized nation like the U.S. to show them the error of their ways. Furthermore, Asian-American women in the United States were being broadcast in newspapers and films as either wild seductresses or meek wives. Liliuokalani, with her education and efficiency as a leader, shattered such steoretypes during her reign as a force to be reckoned with. After her brother David Kalakaua successfully won the majority vote and become king of Hawaii, Likiukalani won the position of heir-apparent after the death of her younger brother. Officially now a Crown princess, Liliuokalani set out to Europe to the Queen of England's Golden Jubilee. It is there that Liliuokalani garnered information on the Bayonet Constitution that her brother was forced to sign, essentially stripped the royal family of most of their power. This was only the beginning of the tragic demise of the Hawaiian monarchy. The constitution drafted in 1887 was the beginning of the annexation of the Hawaiian nation to the United States. Kalakaua's death in 1891 meant that Liliuokalani would become the Queen of Hawaii, which was under a power struggle between the native Hawaiians trying to sustain their government and the forceful hands of the United States. Although Liliuokalani valiantly tried to listen to the pleas of her people by instating a new draft of the constiution, American and European businessmen working in Hawaii felt threatened by her actions and devised a plan to overthrow the queen. On January 16, 1893, 162 sailors and marines from the USS Boston landed ashore in Hawaii as scare tactic to the monarchy. The next day, the queen had no choice but to succumb to their demands, actions that President Grover Cleavland deemed illegal. However, Cleavland conditioned the queen to renounce the evil actions of her capturers, a request that was speculated to take too long for the U.S.'s government's comfort. Her hesitation was enough for Cleavland to backtrack on his words and declared Sanford B. Dole (one of the business savvy men who partook in the original coup of the monarch) as president of the Republic of Hawaii. Liliuokalani was on house-arrest for eight-months before she was given her civil rights in 1896. Although Liliuokalani would travel to the United States and still fight for her nation, she was not successful. However her bravery and spirit would be recorded in Asian-American newspapers during her time, inspiring the thousands of discriminated immigrants in the United States. No comments: Post a Comment
Font Size: Smaller Font Larger Font \| Printer Icon Print Recognizing the Problem Many people only think of a "skid-row bum" when they think of someone with an alcohol problem. This is the end stage of alcohol problems, when a person has lost his or her family, job and health because of alcohol abuse/dependence. The alcohol-dependent person doesn't reach this stage overnight. There may be less obvious changes along the way, beginning with drinking more than intended or more than is safe for the task at hand (like driving a car).1 Alcohol is a problem if it causes any life problems. This includes health, work and life at home. An individual may have a problem with alcohol if there is constant obsessing about drinking, repeated attempts and failure to stop on his/her own, or often drinking more than planned. Feeling the need to cut down on alcohol consumption, guilt about drinking, annoyance of criticism from others of drinking behaviors, or the need to have a drink in the morning, are all indicators that there may be a problem with alcohol.1,3 What is drinking too much? For women and people older than 65 – more than seven drinks per week; or men – more than 14 drinks per week. A woman who drinks more than three drinks every day or 21 drinks per week and a man who has more than five drinks every day or 35 drinks per week may be drinking heavily. Drinking becomes a concern if an individual drinks regularly in order to relax, relieve anxiety or to go to sleep, to be more comfortable in social situations or to avoid thinking about sad or unpleasant things.2 Some signs that alcohol is beginning to take over an individual's life include worrying if s/he has enough alcohol for an evening or weekend. Hiding alcohol or buying it at different stores so people will not know how much alcohol is being consumed may also be an indication. Sneaking drinks when others aren't looking or trying to get "extra" drinks at social events are also signs of being dependent on alcohol. Additional indications are that being unable to stop drinking once started and having tried to stop drinking for a week or so but only stop for a few days. Failing to do what is needed at work or at home because of drinking or feeling guilty after drinking are other warnings. Other signals include comments about the individual's drinking, not remembering what happened while drinking or hurting oneself and/or someone else as a result of drinking.2 There are a variety of behaviors that may cause concern. An individual is taking risks with alcohol if he/she drinks and drives, operates machinery or mixes alcohol with medicine. Keeping heavy drinking a secret from physicians or pharmacists is a danger as well. Risks also include trying to become pregnant or being pregnant while still drinking. Another safety issue is drinking while caring for small children.2 Many people find it hard to admit when alcohol becomes a problem. Often, others see the problem before the individual sees it. Once the individual recognizes the problem with drinking, they should then talk with a doctor about those concerns.1 1. Alcohol: What To Do If It's a Problem for You. American Academy of Family Physicians. This page was last modified on : 10/28/2013 To add a locator tool to your site click here. PO Box 333 Farmington, CT 06034
Pyrates and watermenne February 07, 1996\|By Helen Chappell OYSTERBACK, Maryland -- From Professor Shepherd's ''History of Oysterback:'' On the Widgeon Marsh Causeway from Wallopsville, you will come to the town of Oysterback, which lies on high ground in the middle of Great Santimoke Marsh at the mouth of the Devanaux River. Oysterback was named for the oyster-shell midden on which the town was built. According to Native American legend, it means the Dwelling Place of Misty, Spirit of Planked Shad. The village was settled in the mid-1600s by runaway indentured servants, escaped slaves, accused witches and outcast Native Americans from the Santimoke Confederacy. This varied assortment of political and religious pariahs prized its marshy isolation and the fact that no one else wanted the place. Universal suffrage seems to have been de facto from the inception of the town. In early records, Fauntleroy Calvert, appointed overseer of the West Hundred by relatives in London, described the Oysterback population as ''Heathen pyrates, wytches, watermenne and Dissenters of ev'ry Persuasion, Sexxe and colore who declaire themselves to answer to No Authoritie save ye Lord Godde Jehovah and theyre own Zoning Boarde.'' He suggested mounting an armed expedition to wipe out these dangerous radicals, but London, occupied at the time with the bubonic plague and the Great Fire, never responded, and Fauntleroy, who married Longsuffering Baldwin, daughter of the planter Odor-of-Sanctity Baldwin of Gloom Hill, contented himself with building the singularly ugly brick manor at Mount Boredom (open M-Tu-W, 10-4; restored in 1954 by the West Hundred Historical Society). Oysterback retained its reputation for tough-minded independence and occasional piracy until the Revolutionary War, when several Hessians, having lost their way during the Battle of Pinworm Point, stumbled into town with some month-old broadsheets, accidentally rallying the population to the Rebel cause. The first brewery The Hessian conscripts, liking Oysterback, started the first brewery on the Eastern Shore at what is now Doreen's Curl Up and Dye Salon de Beaute. (Historical Marker 4012). Auld Elektor's Jungenbrau, a local favorite for nearly a century, was said to owe its taste to the use of tuckahoe flavoring in the barley mash. The brewery building collapsed during Hurricane Wanda in 1942. Thomas Jefferson accidentally blew into Oysterback during a stormy trip across the Chesapeake. He described his visit in a letter to Maria Cosway: ''Although rec'd. with warm hospitality, good crabcakes and beer . . . I cd. not shake the sensation that I was a visitor to another, albeit greatly democratic, planet . . . '' It was not to be expected that Oysterback would escape the Great Awakening led by Joshua Thomas, the Parson of the Islands. As with other waterman's communities on the Shore, the town embraced Methodism with enthusiasm about the time of the War of 1812. Characteristically, Oysterback eventually chose to go its own way. Oysterback Hardshell Methodist Church (building ca. 1826) broke from the West Hundred Charge over the ''God is a Waterman'' Doctrine of 1857. ''The story that baseball is an organized religion in Oysterback is not true,'' says local historian Ferrus T. Buckett, ''But a good World Series, that's another thing.'' Distracted by the enormous amount of paperwork caused by the War Between the States, Abraham Lincoln lost the Declaration of Secession sent to him by Oysterback, which, disgusted with events, voted to detach itself from Maryland, the United States and the Confederacy. In the 1880s oyster boom, Oysterback had a renowned skipjack fleet. Alas, most of it sank in a territorial dispute with the rival fleet from Wingo, Virginia. The pilings of Long Wharf where the steamboat Millard Fillmore and the floating theater John Wilkes Booth once put in are still visible at Log Cabin Point. Local legend has it there was a game warden around Oysterback during the Great Depression, but no one seems to know what happened to him, just as the more recent and highly publicized disappearance of powerful wetlands real-estate developer J. Snidely Grubb also remains a mystery. Today, Oysterback is best known for its Mosquito Festival, which attracts Musca lovers from three continents (second weekend in August; call 410-555-5678 for details), and as the hometown of Orioles outfielder Hooley Legume, lauded thus by Cal Ripken: ''Well, if they traded Legume, they might get someone worse. Y'know?'' Helen Chappell will be reading from her ''Oysterback Tales'' February 28 at Barnes and Noble book store in Annapolis. Baltimore Sun Articles
Wednesday, June 24, 2009 Hakuna Matata You might not realize it, but you probably do know at least a little bit of Swahili. The phrase made popular by The Lion King, "Hakuna Matata," is really the Swahili way to say, "There are no worries." Job 39 carries a similar vibe to the sentiment espoused by Timon and Pumbaa in the Disney cartoon: Hey, we're animals; what do we have to worry about? So what's the point, here? This isn't one of those chapters where the logical conclusion hits you over the head with a sledge hammer. Here are some gut reactions that might come to us naturally: • The animals listed here don't have to worry, so why should Job? I really don't think God would ask Job to take solace in the carefree nature of the wild kingdom after losing his family, his possessions, and his health. "Sorry about your kids and the hideous boils, but hey, ostriches are fast." Not exactly a bright side there. • God cares for the animals, so He'll certainly care for Job. True, but not the point here. The tone of the previous chapter had been the folly of claiming to empathize with or comprehend God. We can't put ourselves in His position. We can't grasp the why behind His actions. We can't even pinpoint His actions. To segue into "Don't worry, I'll take care of you," would be a complete non sequitor at this point. • God cares for things you can't, so you don't have to worry about them. Again, this is true, but it doesn't follow from what the general direction of the text. God isn't asking Job to leave his worries to God (although he should); He's correcting Job's skewed view of just how superior God is, how small Job is, and how silly it is for Job or anyone to give their opinions of what God should do. • God does have to care for the animals' tiniest needs, and He equips them with their most intricate features. Man has no idea what it's like to truly provide care on the level God provides it. I put this one last, because that's how I read this passage. God's response to Job here reminds me of a speech a parent might give to a child (or even to an adult who doesn't have kids). Until you become a mom or a dad, you have no idea what it's like to love and care for a baby, a child, a teenager. Actions and inaction that seem completely ridiculous or unfair to our children are motivated by a love that is deep and inexplicable. If we could explain to our kids the pain we feel when they suffer or the extent to which we care, they still wouldn't get it. I think, though, Job got it. At least he finally understood he couldn't get it. Got it? 1 comment: 1. I live my life part all of my Pride live my family and my Detainees I live my future live my past no matter i change my future live forever
Home - Search - Site Map USS Enterprise CV-6 The Most Decorated Ship of the Second World War The Doolittle Raid April 18, 1942 "This force is bound for Tokyo." Vice Admiral William F. Halsey, 13 April 1942 In the wake of shock and anger following Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt pressed his military planners for a strike against Tokyo. Intended as revenge for Pearl Harbor, and an act of defiance in the face of a triumphant Japanese military, such a raid presented acute problems in execution. No working Allied air base was close enough to Japan. A carrier would have to approach within three hundred miles of the home islands for its planes to reach. Sending surface ships so close to Japan at that time would practically assure their destruction, if not from Japan's own surface forces, then from her ground-based planes or submarine forces. Still Roosevelt insisted - demanded - that a way be found. The first piece of the puzzle fell into place in the second week of January 1942. Captain Francis Lowe, attached to the Admiral Ernest King's staff in Washington, paid a visit to Norfolk, Virginia, to inspect the new carrier USS Hornet CV-8. There, on a nearby airfield, was painted the outline of a carrier, inspiring Lowe to pursue the possibility of launching ground-based bombers - large planes, with far greater range than carrier-based bombers - from the deck of an aircraft carrier. Enterprise (foreground) and Hornet race towards Japan prior to launching the Doolittle Raid. By January 16, Lowe's air operations officer, Captain Donald Duncan, had developed a proposal. North American B-25 medium bombers, with capacity for a ton of bombs and capable of flying 2000 miles with additional fuel tanks, could take off in the short distance of a carrier deck, attack Japanese cities, and continue on to land on friendly airfields in mainland China. Under a heavy veil of secrecy, Duncan and Captain Marc Mitscher, Hornet's commanding officer, tested the concept off the Virginia coast in early February, discovering the B-25s could be airborne in as little as 500 feet of deck space. The plan now began to develop into action. On April 8, 1942, the same day that the Americans and Filipinos defending Bataan Peninsula surrendered, Enterprise steamed slowly out of Pearl Harbor. With her escorts - the cruisers Salt Lake City and Northampton, four destroyers and a tanker - she turned northwest and set course for a point in the north Pacific, well north of Midway, and squarely on the International Date Line. Six days earlier, Enterprise's sister ship Hornet had sailed from San Francisco, also accompanied by a cruiser and destroyer screen. Ploughing westwards, Hornet carried a somewhat unusual cargo. Arrayed across her aft flight deck, in two parallel rows, sat 16 Mitchell B-25 bombers: Army Air Force medium bombers. By all appearances, the bombers were too large to possibly take off from a carrier deck. Certainly, this is what the men in Enterprise's task force thought when Hornet and her escorts hove into view early April 13. Rumors spread about the force's mission: some thought the bombers were being delivered to a base in the Aleutians, while others speculated they were destined for a Russian airfield on the Kamchatka peninsula. The mystery was solved later in the day, when Vice Admiral William F. Halsey signaled that Task Force 16 - two carriers, four cruisers and eight destroyers, supported by two tankers and two submarines - was "bound for Tokyo." The plan was more daring than most of TF 16's 10,000 men could imagine. After refueling on April 17, Hornet, Enterprise - the force's Flagship - and four cruisers would leave the destroyers and tankers behind, to make a high speed dash west, towards the Japanese home islands. The next afternoon, Lieutenant Colonel James "Jimmy" Doolittle and his crew would take off alone, arrive over Tokyo at dusk, and drop incendiary bombs, setting fires to guide the remaining bombers to their targets. Three hours behind Doolittle, the remaining fifteen B-25s would be launched, just 500 miles from Tokyo. Navigating in darkness over open ocean, they'd be guided in by Doolittle's blazing incendiaries, and bomb selected military and industrial targets in Tokyo, as well as Osaka, Nagoya and Kobe. Though the bombers could take off from a carrier deck, they couldn't land on a carrier. Instead of returning to Hornet, they'd escape to the southwest, flying over the Yellow Sea, then some 600 miles into China, to land at the friendly airfield at Chuchow (Zhuzhou). If all went well, the bombers would have a reserve of perhaps 20 minutes of fuel. Success depended on the carriers being able to approach within 500 miles of Japan undetected, and survival on the airmens' ability to evade the formidable air defenses expected near the target areas. Hornet, the morning the raid was launched: "Some of the waves were actually breaking over the deck." Things went according to plan until early April 18. Shortly after 0300, Enterprise's radar made two surface contacts, just ten miles from the task force. As the force went to general quarters, Halsey turned his ships north to evade the contacts, resuming the course west an hour later. Then, a little past 0600, LT Osborne B. Wiseman of Bombing Six flew low over Enterprise's deck, his radioman dropping a weighted message: a Japanese picket ship had been spotted 42 miles ahead, and Wiseman suspected his own plane had been sighted. Halsey, however, forged ahead, the carriers and cruisers slamming through heavy seas at 23 knots. Still nearly two hundred miles short of the planned launching point, Halsey strove to give the Army pilots every possible advantage by carrying them as close to Tokyo as he dared. Ninety minutes later, however, the gig was up. At 0738, Hornet lookouts spotted the masts of another Japanese picket. At the same time, radio operators intercepted broadcasts from the picket reporting the task force's presence. Halsey ordered the cruiser Nashville to dispose of the picket, and launched Doolittle's bombers into the air: Image Library - Action Reports and Logs - News Stories Message Boards - Bookstore - Enterprise CV-6 Association Sources and Credits
Friday, 19 October 2007 Eco-friendly living tip: cease the beef Eight years ago, general science magazine New Scientist said this: IT IS hard to measure the methane in a cow's farts. But Dieter Ehhalt has made an estimate. It is hardly an easy task to count how many cattle there are in the world. But the West German chemist has tried to do that too. Ehhalt's answers are, respectively, 200 grams per day and 1300 million. Together, they suggest that the world's cattle emit into the atmosphere approaching 100 million tonnes of methane each year, enough to warm up the planet. Today global warming is all-the-more pressing. CO2 may be the prime culprit in the eyes of environmental do-gooders, but methane is also a factor in the human-encouraged changing in our planet's climate. It is amazing to look back nearly a decade ago and see that nobody but 'environmentalist nuts' — as they are so often stereotyped in mainstream culture — heeded the warnings of scientists; now the general public is becoming more aware. Still, we see some hardly scientific denials every now and then, and many are still not even pretending to take action, but the thought of the precious polar bear dying out and the Manhattan of 2020 being a tourist spot for scuba divers has changed some minds. Where am I going with this? Well the topic of that old news article is the "Earth-friendly living tip of the week", albeit a few days late — methane, in specific the methane emitted from cows. Why red meat isn't bad just for your heart... Cows not only require a huge amount of food and water, considering especially how much food they provide, but also produce large amounts of methane, a key and harmful greenhouse gas that plays a role in global warming. Thus beef consumption is far from a good thing for the Earth. As was written in the Christian Science Monitor, American meat eaters are responsible for 1.5 more tons of carbon dioxide per person than vegetarians every year. ... Livestock are responsible for 18 percent of greenhouse-gas emissions as measured in carbon dioxide equivalent, reports the FAO. This includes 9 percent of all CO2 emissions, 37 percent of methane, and 65 percent of nitrous oxide. Altogether, that's more than the emissions caused by transportation. Beef is a big part of the livestock problem; a study earlier this year reported that It can seem daunting that the steak you so enjoy is just as bad for the planet as a long drive in a SUV or 4X4, but it's about true. I'm one of those people who would love to be a vegetarian but just loves meat too much to kick the habit. However, I have lowered my beef intake, especially recently. This is more of a sacrifice than shutting off your computer or television, or changing a few light-bulbs; nonetheless it's something to consider. Lowering beef consumption is better for both health and environment, it seems. Note: Usually I do the Earth-friendly living tip of the week on Mondays. Since this week has been a bit hectic, it's being done today instead. No comments:
Obesity in Dogs What is the best way to help my dog to lose weight? Obesity in Dogs Your dog is likely obese if you can't see a difference between his ribcage area and his abdomen. Dogs become overweight due to lack of exercise, overeating, and occasionally a genetic tendency for extra pounds. To fix your dog's pudginess, put him on a food diet and increase the amount of his exercise. Go for longer walks, play that extra game of fetch, and limit the amount of treats. Be consistent and patient. It may take a while for you to see some results, but your canine's health is worth the time and effort. Nobody has commented on this tip yet. Be the first. URL: (optional) Guru Spotlight Carma Spence-Pothitt
Wednesday, March 19, 2008 Fresher blood poses fewer surgery risks People who got old, stale blood during surgery were 30 percent more likely to die than people who got fresh blood, U.S. researchers reported on Wednesday. Two weeks seemed be the cutoff, with older blood causing more complications, the researchers reported in the New England Journal of Medicine. "We report that the relative risk of postoperative death is increased by 30 percent in patients given blood that has been stored for more than two weeks," the researchers wrote. This can cause a dilemma, as many blood banks and hospitals cannot keep enough blood on hand that is so fresh. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration allows blood to be held for as long as six weeks, and blood banks typically give out the oldest blood first. One solution may be to use the freshest blood first. Another is to use techniques to reduce the need for a transfusion in the first place, said Dr. Colleen Gorman Koch of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, who led the study. Her team studied 6,002 patients who received heart surgery at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Koch and her colleagues compared the outcome with the storage time of the blood transfused in each operation. The rate of death while in the hospital was 1.7 percent among fresh blood recipients versus 2.8 for older blood. Rates for kidney failure, infection, respirator use and multiorgan failure were also higher if older blood was used. However, a system that uses blood no older than two weeks would make it harder to keep blood banks properly stocked, and much more blood would be discarded. There are times when the blood supply falls to critically low levels, even with the current six-week limit. "It is just not feasible to shorten storage time significantly without restricting the blood supply," Dr. John Adamson of the University of California at San Diego wrote in a commentary. Adamson also said there are important unanswered questions about whether the results would apply to other medical procedures where transfusions are common. For example, the process of sending blood through a heart-lung machine may be causing damage to blood cells, reducing the shelf-life of each pint. Older blood may be acceptable for other uses. Koch said patients should be asking their surgeons if the hospital has a blood management program in place. "For cardiac surgery there are a lot of things you can do in the operating room to minimize the risk of receiving a blood transfusion at all," Koch said. One method scavenges and recycles blood that would normally be lost in an operation. And if surgery is being done on a nonemergency basis, doctors should first be treating any underlying anemia a patient might have, Koch said. "So they're getting themselves in tip-top shape prior to surgery to decrease their need for blood." In October, researchers reported that donated blood quickly loses nitric oxide in red blood cells -- which is key to transferring oxygen in the blood to tissues. But if nitric oxide is restored, banked blood appears to regain its power, the team at Duke University in North Carolina found. Currently, about 5 million Americans receive blood transfusions each year, according to the National Institutes of Health. Blog Widget by LinkWithin
Here is what to do during cancer treatment to reduce the risk of infections. washing your hands is important in reducing risk of infections during cancer treatment. Cancer treatment is associated with weakening of your immune system hence making it difficult for your body to protect you against infections. Chemotherapy attacks cancer cell but also other types of cells in the body such as neutrophils, a type of white blood cells which protects you against infections hence leaving your body at increased risk of infections and easier for you to get sick. Any surgery poses risk of infection hence surgeries for cancer are not an exception. Some cancers such as lymphomas and leukemias may stop the bone marrow from producing white blood cells which fight infections. This article is to highlight on measures you can take to reduce the risk of infection and stay healthy during cancer treatment. 1. Wash your hands frequently with soap and water, you can also use hand sanitizers. In general, practice of good hygiene is very important in reducing the risk of infections during cancer treatment. 2. Take good care of the surgical incisions site if you have undergone surgery for cancer. Follow your doctor’s instructions strictly. 3. Within reason limit your contact with others since they can spread germs and hence infection to you. 4. Stay far away from family members who are sick including colds and flu since they can easily transfer the infection to you at this time of reduced immune system. 5. Brush your teeth twice each day. 6. Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly. Ensure the foods you eat are hygienically handled and cooked well. 7. See your doctor whenever you have signs and symptoms of infection such as fever. It is our hope that you stay healthy. 284 total views, 2 views today Leave a Reply %d bloggers like this:
Article Text Congenital heart malformations in Jutland, Denmark: a three year necropsy study in children aged 0-14 years. Epidemiology and classification according to sequential segmental analysis. 1. A Vesterby, 2. K Nielsen, 3. L Borg, 4. S Paulsen, 5. U Baandrup 1. University Institute of Pathology, Kommunehospitalet, Arhus, Denmark. The use of sequential segmental analysis for describing congenital heart malformations was the method of assessment used in a prospective necropsy study covering Jutland, a well defined geographical and demographic area of Denmark. The study group was 1,154 children of whom 261 (22.6%) had a congenital heart malformation. The most common malformations were ductus arteriosus and ventricular septal defect and there were 77 cases in which connections between chambers or between chambers and great arteries were anomalous (68 liveborn; 37 male and 31 female: nine stillborn; two male and seven female). No difference in sex distribution or seasonal variation was found between those with congenital heart disease and those without. Extracardiac malformations and chromosomal abnormalities were more often seen in children with congenital heart malformation than those without (30.3% vs 16.6%). The sequential segmental analysis is a logical and precise way of describing congenital heart malformations and it should be routinely used to classify cases of congenital heart malformation. Statistics from Request permissions
Monday, December 20, 2010 Lunar Eclipse AND the Winter Solstice From the Los Angeles Times: "The moon will be shadowed by the Earth starting late Monday and into Tuesday morning, the first such eclipse in nearly three years. The event can be seen from anywhere in North America. Weather permitting, observers will see the moon enter the Earth's inner shadow, or umbra, at 10:33 p.m., with a red-brown shadow creeping across the bright moon. This shadow has a curved edge, a fact that was taken as proof to at least some ancients that the Earth is round. The sky will get darker as the shadow progresses across the moon, and more stars will be visible as sunlight reflected from the moon fades. Unlike during a total solar eclipse, when the sun is blotted out, in a lunar eclipse the moon rarely appears black. Because of sunrises and sunsets around the world that scatter and refract light from the sun, the moon generally appears bright and coppery orange, or sometimes brown or dark red-black, depending on how much pollution is in the atmosphere." And from "It is extremely rare for the two events [a lunar eclipse and the winter solstice] to take place on the same date. The last such occurrence took place on Dec. 21, 1638, though this was only at the Greenwich meridian, according to In the Americas, the eclipse fell on the evening of Dec. 20, 1638 with the solstice following the next day. The next time the two events pair up will occur on Dec. 21, 2094." Okay! The telescope is set up and we're ready! Maybe I should go have some more caffeine... It may be a long night! Haha Lucky Dog J 1 comment: 1. It was a great event. We got to experience most of it. Although, the cloud cover came right before the shadow start to exit the surface of the moon. But what a fun time I had with my daughter and her friend!
Video In Powerpoints About Video in Powerpoint Presentations Having video in your Powerpoint presentations can offer pedagogical benefits as well as adding visual interest. Since all first-year lectures will be videoconferenced between the St. George and the Mississauga campuses, care must be taken to ensure that students at both sites will see your carefully selected videos. When you lecture, your Powerpoint presentation will be played on the Teaching Station computer, not on the computer that it was created on. Although in the past we have allowed lecturers to present from their own laptop, this is no longer possible. A few simple steps taken during the creation or editing of your Powerpoint will ensure that any video you include in your presentation will play on the Teaching Station computer and be visible to the remote audience. Ensure that your video moves with your Powerpoint Move your Powerpoint and any videos together Contrary to some of the language used in support documentation for Powerpoint 2007 and 2003, videos are not embedded into a presentation, but are only linked. This link can be to your local computer or it can be to an external website, such as YouTube. If the video link is to a website, there shouldn’t be a problem. Problems can arise, however, when the Powerpoint file is moved from your computer to the presentation computer. If the Powerpoint contains a link to a video that resides on your computer, it won’t play after the presentation is moved unless you also move the video file with the Powerpoint file. What's a codec and why does it matter? Videos are encoded at the source with codecs. Codecs are devices or programs that encode or decode digital signals; in order that a relatively large file such as a video can easily be copied, moved, or viewed, it is necessary to compress it before it is uploaded, and then decompress it for viewing. Unfortunately, there exists an ever-increasing number of incompatible codecs; if a video plays on your computer but then you copy the video to another computer, the second computer may not have the same codec and therefore, will not play the video. There are literally thousands of these codecs currently in use, and every computer cannot have all of them. What's encryption and why does it matter? Codecs can also contain encryption information that prevents videos from being copied or rerecorded and many also prevent them from being shown via videoconference. Blu Ray discs are an example of media that cannot be videoconferenced because of encryption. What's the Solution? One of the requirements this year is to submit your presentation 10 business days before your lecture takes place. If you have any videos linked in your presentation, ensure that these are also submitted in a folder with the presentation file. Technicians will test your presentation, including videoconferencing it with the associated media files on the presentation computer in the lecture room in which you will be lecturing. If there are problems with a video, every effort will be made to re-encode the files to make it playable; we will contact you if there are serious problems with a file and will work with you to find a solution. Collecting your videos and Powerpoint Your Powerpoint and videos should be collected into one folder before being submitted. To collect your elements, do the following: 1. Make a new folder on your desktop and name it appropriately. 2. Copy and paste your Powerpoint file into the folder. 3. Copy and paste any videos into the folder. If you're unsure of where the linked video files are on your computer, you may need to search for them. Using Windows Search or Mac Spotlight, search by keyword, date, or extension. Some common video extensions are .mov, .m4v, .avi, .mkv, .mpeg, .mpg, wmv. Once you locate them, you can copy and paste or drag them to the folder. In Powerpoint 2010, videos can be embedded and files will remain linked if you move the Powerpoint and play it on another machine that has Powerpoint 2010. However, they may not play if you present in an earler version of Powerpoint. Use the Presentation Upload tool to upload your presentation. If you have a folder, you will first need to compress it. Click here for instructions on how to compress folders.
Director defends historically accurate adaptation of Huck Finn It is a classic children's book which has been adapted into 16 much loved films. But the newest big screen retelling of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is set to cause major controversy after it was revealed it will use the n-word. The highly offensive word was repeatedly used in the Mark Twain tome, which was published in 1884. The screenwriter Jonathan Feldman defended the use of the obscene word, but told The Times: 'Of course it is controversial and I'm expecting rows.' Huckleberry Finn tells the tale of Huck, who lives near the Mississippi River. The web of characters also include his alcoholic father, who gets Huck to extort money to fuel his addiction, his best friend Tom Sawyer, Miss Watson, who lives with Huck's adopted family and her slave Jim, who Huck forms a close bond with. The book has been criticised for its frequent use of the offensive word and for perceived racial slurs, and the portrayal of Jim. It has been banned in some American schools and libraries for its language. Donald Rosenfeld, a former president of Merchant Ivory Productions who has worked on Howards End and The Remains of the Day, said the word needed to be included as the previous films aimed at children had been unable to 'properly honour' the book. He told the paper: 'But in our version (aimed at adults) you need the word which Twain himself used in the context of the times.' Previous film adaptations have seen Elijah Wood and Mickey Rooney play the cheeky drifter. But writer Bonnie Greer disagreed with the use of the term, saying it shifted the focus of the film: 'Using the n-word now assumes we don't know this word was used to refer to Jim. So it's not only redundant but causes the film to put a weight on the story that Twain didn't intend.' Let's block ads! (Why?) by via Signs of the Times More at
30 November 2006 partition was the right thing to do. discuss. this was the debate topic I set for my colonialism & nationalism in India module this autumn. it was fun. we debated the merits of British India's partition into India and Pakistan in 1947, discussed the casualties (estimates range from less than 100,000 to over 500,000 dead, many more displaced/separated from their families, etc., and took sides on the issue. at the end of the discussion I took 10 minutes to allow the students to express their own views (not their pro/con roles) on the topic. they all agreed that partition was not the right thing to do, that it had led to horrible migrations and deaths, it was the result of the calcification of a bi-polar discourse of Hindu and Muslim, and that it seemed like it could have been avoided, perhaps not in the years immediately prior to 1947, but had the discourse gone another way, it might not have seemed the only option. so I asked/suggested: the situation in Iraq, then, given what you're saying about India/Pakistan, would also fall into the same category: partition would be a bad thing. most of them protested this, saying, in fact, that partition of Iraq would be a good thing and seem to solve the myriad problems there. Ah. history. we love learning from it, don't we! yes, the situation is different in many ways, but it's also similar: artificially reified broad categories (Hindu/Muslim--Shia/Sunni/Kurd) mapped onto territory that itself relies on earlier colonial line-drawing. my expertise doesn't lie in Iraq, Kurdistan, or the Gulf region, but this piece provides a good argument against partition, and reveals the extent to which American pundits (next blog post! etymology of pundit and its political implications!) are making the same arguments that many in the British colonial establishment made. Let's hope that the Iraqis aren't forced, by the exigencies of international and domestic political maneuvering and typological pigeonholing, into positions similar to Jinnah and Nehru in 1946-7. Let's hope. No comments:
Sunday, November 3, 2013 Short bio of Elijah Parish Lovejoy, who was killed on November the 7th 1837 - This week in Christian History November 3rd through the 9th 2013 Lovejoy was born on November the 9th 1802 in Maine. He graduated from Waterville College at the top of his class and taught at China Academy. He felt called to move to the South or West and was advised that he would be able to serve God better in the West. He moved to Boston and New York trying to get a position to be able to afford the journey to Illinois, where he decided he should go. He sold newspaper subscriptions, but was unable to save the money he would need for the journey and received assistance from his former college. He changed his destination to Saint Louis and was able to find a position there editing the St. Louis Observer and heading a private school. He became a minister and was strongly abolitionist. Missouri was a slave state surrounded by three free states, and this made it a center of the free verses slave debate. He continued to be an editor and his printing press was destroyed three times by slavery supporters. He moved across the river to Alton Illinois and continued to print abolitionist literature. Since Illinois was a free state he thought it would less risky to print there, but on November the 7th 1837 a pro slavery mob surrounded the warehouse where his printing press was and fired shots at Lovejoy and Weller, one of his supporters. Lovejoy returned fire and killed one of the mob. They sent a boy up a ladder to set fire to the warehouse and Lovejoy threw the ladder down. When trying to fend off the second attempt Lovejoy was shot five times and died, and Weller was wounded. The mob threw the printing press out of the window and destroyed it. No one was convicted of the murder. Thank you for reading.
Monday, 14 December 2009 Say "NO" to coal-fired power plant in Sabah Please help us fellow Sabahans to say "NO" to coal-fired power plant in Sabah. Click here and here for more information and here to sign. the process of a coal-fired power plant I don't know how this diagram works. But I know the result of this diagram is something like this:- Jerada coal power plant: The stacks pump black smoke into the atmosphere. There is coal dust everywhere. This pool of water is black from soot and the soil around it is too. Read also here: Coal energy is rather efficient, and was cost effective, but is no longer used in many places for two main reasons: the first one being supply and the second being pollution. Coal is a non-renewable resource, and therefore, we will inevitably run out of it. We must be conservative with our coal use now so that we will have some left for later use. The major reason that coal power plants are not used though is the fact that they were huge producers of pollution. Coal is a fuel that burns with a thick black smoke that is released into the atmosphere. The smoke causes problems ranging from emphysema to discoloration of paint to even acid rain. These polluting effects of coal are caused by impurities within the coal itself. Because it is nearly impossible to strictly control a perfect ratio of fuel and oxygen, impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus will inevitably lead to the release of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and other such pollutants into the atmosphere. As we look towards the future of energy, we can see that coal energy is not an environmentally sound source for many reasons. The sulfur dioxide and nitrogen can bind with water in the atmosphere and create sulfuric and nitric acid, or acid rain. Acid rain can erode marble statues, kill wildlife, and pollute bodies of water. The large amounts of carbon dioxide released from the burning of coal increase the thickness of the atmosphere, leading the reality of a global warming disaster. If SESB and TNB still insists on coal-fired power plant, then perhaps Malaysia should just pull out from the climate conference at Copenhagen. Just pull out lah...don't embarass us! 2 Yawns: Dominism said... I will definitely say no to ‘Coal Energy’. It pollutes the environment and this idea of setting up such a power plant, brings us back to the Industrial Era. Save Beautiful Sabah. Say no to coal energy. Don Blankenship said... Plans for a coal power plant in the Malaysian state of Sabah in northern Borneo have .Environmentalists say the coal plant could damage extensive coral reef systems,The slurry was generated by coal burning at the plant. Don Blankenship Related Posts Say "NO" to coal fire power plant in Sabah Petitions by\|Start a Petition »
Predatory Parrots Among Us In modern times, those of us living in Tennessee think of parrots as exotic beasts of tropical lands. We imagine them flying through jungles and dangling from vines feasting on exotic fruits. But once upon a time, we had wild parrots here, too. When the European settlers first arrived, the Carolina Parakeet was a common bird throughout eastern North America. Unfortunately, these native parakeets proved to be fond of orchards. So, the settlers were not fond of the parakeets, and the species was pushed to extinction by the early 20th Century. But now, it turns out, we still have close relatives of the parrots living all across North America, and they are not vegetarians. For hundreds of years, it was assumed that all birds of prey were closely related to each other. Hawks, eagles, vultures, osprey and falcons were all grouped together in one big order based on their anatomy. kestral webIn recent decades, scientists have been using DNA to look directly at how different birds are related to each other. You have more DNA shared with your siblings, less with your cousins and even less with distant relatives and strangers. The same thing works among animal species, allowing you to arrange them in a great big “family tree.” Since the DNA studies began being used in birds, there have been many surprises. And one of the most recent shockers has turned our ideas about the birds of prey upside down: Falcons are not closely related at all to hawks and eagles. Rather than “first cousins,” falcons and hawks are more like “seventh cousins three times removed by marriage.” The physical similarities between the falcons and the other birds of prey are because of their similar lifestyles, not because they are close relatives. Two guys who both work as loggers might both have beards and wear flannel, but not because they are close kin. It is because they both spend a lot of time outside in the cold woods. It’s the same with falcons. They have beaks and feet similar to those of hawks, because they both are predators, grasping prey with their talons and ripping meat with their bills. It turns out, falcons are actually most closely related to parrots, not hawks. So it seems that the logger’s real brother is a vegetarian, rodeo clown. Our falcons are essentially predatory parrots using their robust beaks and claws for catching and devouring other birds instead of clinging to vines and gorging on fruit. Interestingly, once we birders learned of this discovery, we looked at the falcons again and thought, “Well, of course, I can see that, it makes sense.” Falcons have the long tails and swift agile flight of many parrots. And some of them are painted up in rather bold colors. It was a bit of an “aha!” moment for all of us. There are three species of falcons that occur regularly across North America, but only one of these is common in Tennessee: the American Kestrel. This flamboyantly colored, little predator is the smallest of the group, and the one that is most fond of suburbs and farmlands. In the kestrel, as in most birds of prey, the males are smaller than the females. A male falcon is called a “tercel,” from an old French word meaning “a third,” as in “one-third smaller.” The name was also borrowed by Toyota for their smaller version of the Corolla in the 1980s and 1990s, by the way. As our smallest bird of prey, the kestrel is smaller than a Mourning Dove, not much bigger than a robin. They are often seen perched on power lines in open country, where they sit in an upright position with a distinctive sleek, large-headed silhouette. The males, in addition to being smaller than the females, are more brightly colored. They sport a bright, rusty-red back and tail, contrasting with slate-blue wings. The head is boldly patterned with a Fu Manchu moustache and Elvis-style sideburns. The larger females are a bit duller, with brownish-red wings and more bars on their tales but with the same head pattern. When perched on the power lines or atop a dead twig, both sexes routinely bob their tails up and down. They sail out from their perch after prey and often hover like a drone scanning for a small mammal or large insect. When they spot a potential catch, they fold their wings and drop rapidly down onto it. A hunting kestrel can provide many hours of entertainment, as they are quite energetic and high-strung. Kestrels are also known for their voices. When excited or agitated (which is pretty often!), they will call out with a shrill, ringing “killy killy killy killy killy!” or “kitty kitty kitty kitty kitty!” It’s worth noting, that if you have some older bird books, from before the 1970s, you might not find an “American Kestrel” in there. Before then, the species was known as the “Sparrow Hawk.” Its larger cousins were called the “Pigeon Hawk” (now the Merlin) and “Duck Hawk” (now the Peregrine Falcon). The older names reflected the species’ different uses in the sport of falconry. Most birders eagerly embraced the new names when they were made official, as they have a more romantic feel in keeping with the personalities of these charismatic fast-flying predators. The American Kestrel is widespread, entertaining and attractive and is a favorite of many hard-core birders as well as casual birdwatchers. In the Middle Tennessee countryside, there is often one nearby. So keep a look out as you travel the highways and backroads. Bill Pulliam About Bill Pulliam Bill Pulliam got started in birdwatching by his junior high science teacher in 1974, and has been an avid birder ever since in 48 U.S. states and 7 foreign countries. He is currently the Tennessee editor for eBird, an online project that compiles millions of observations from tens of thousands of birders around the world. Predatory Parrots Among Us — 1 Comment 1. Hey Billy. I’m broken down just outside of Atlanta and found you. Very nicely done. I’m getting one of my nephews (Kaiden 9 yrs old) interested in birding. He is very smart and enjoys the process of identification. I’ll keep you informed as to his progress. Going to start his life list the next time we go birding. Leave a Reply
What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome? Edit Irritable bowel syndrome is condition involving abdominal pain and diarrhea or constipation. It is often associated with stress, depression etc. It is a disease that affects the large intestine that causes pain to the abdomen. Irritable Bowel syndrome isn't a life threatening disease but can disrupt your life. This disease can bring on cramps, abdominal pain, headaches and diarrhea which can be life altering when you experience it for the first time. Doctors deal with IBS by suppressing the symptoms that the disease causes, and eventually get it under control, as there is no cure.[1] How does Irritable Bowel System Affect the Digestive System? Edit Signs and Symptoms Pain or discomfort that is relieved when a person goes to the bathroom and has a bowel movement. Pain or discomfort that is accompanied by changes in a person's regular bowel movement patterns (for example, the person goes to the bathroom more frequently or less often) Pain or discomfort that is accompanied by changes in the way a person's stool normally looks. Some people become constipated and their stools become hard; other people develop diarrhea. IBS is a very tricky disease, there is no cure but there is medication for the recurrent symptoms. • Progressive abdominal pain • Feeling bloated • Lot of gas • Constipation or Diarrhea • Mucus in the stool Irritable Bowel Syndrome is diagnosed after blood tests, stool samples, and x-rays are done on the patient. In addition to doing a physical examination, the doctor will ask you about any concerns and symptoms you have, your past health, your family's health, any medications you're taking, any allergies you may have, and other issues. This is called the medical history. You may need to ask a parent or other adult for some information. Your doctor will asses you with certain criteria, if the doctor see that you fit this criteria, he will proceed to diagnose it. The criteria are as followed: • Older than the age of 50 • Recent weight loss • Mysterious bleeding • High Fever • Often vomiting • Recurrent Diarrhea • Low Iron Levels Tests to conclude whether you have IBS or not, may include: 1. Medical history and physical exam. 2. A blood test for celiac disease. 3. Complete blood count (CBC). 4. Checks for inflammation in the body. 5. Stool analysis. Treatment- Edit Treatment includes: Edit Ad blocker interference detected!
February 12, 2008 Happy Birthday Chuck and Abe Darwin and LincolnToday is the 199th birthday of two men who belong to the ages, Charles Darwin and Abraham Lincoln. It is one of those great historical coincidences that both were born on the same day and that both held many values in common that shaped the respective legacies they left us. To review their accomplishments would be trite, I think. That Darwin formulated the first set of ideas that served to unify the field of biology, shifting the way in which mankind viewed the natural world and how it came to be, and that Lincoln undertook the unforgiving task of reforming American society to exclude one person's ownership of another are things that every school child understands in some way. Darwin also had his own views on slavery. He wrote, for instance: The Voyage of the Beagle, Chapter 21 I don't know if Lincoln was ever aware of Darwin's theory of evolution, having been assassinated five years after its publication. I have no idea how he might have felt about the notion that life changes slowly over time, creating new organisms from old. I get an inkling from his preserved quotes that he would have agreed with the notion that diverse populations are more likely to survive longer than are homogeneous ones, but it's nothing I can prove. It will have to suffice that Lincoln ended legally-sanctioned slavery in the United States, one of the last European-descended nations to do so (Brazil was the last, I think, in 1888). I will be teaching today; it seems an appropriate thing to teach a biology class on Darwin's birthday. I'm not sure how to work Lincoln into today's lab, though. Sphere: Related Content
Ducksters Educational SiteDucksters Educational Site History Biography Geography Science Games Biography >> World War 2 for Kids Benito Mussolini Where did Mussolini grow up? Benito Mussolini was born in Predappio, Italy on July 29, 1883. Growing up, young Benito sometimes worked with his father at his blacksmith shop. His father was involved in politics and his political opinions had a strong influence on Benito as he grew up. Benito also played with his two younger brothers and went to school. His mother was a schoolteacher and a very religious woman. Benito Mussolini by Unknown Early Career After graduating from school in 1901, Mussolini became involved in politics. He worked for the socialist party as well as for political newspapers. A few times he was put in jail for protesting the government or advocating strikes. When Italy entered World War I, Mussolini was originally against the war. However, he later changed his mind. He thought that the war would be good for the people of Italy. This idea was different from the socialist party who were against the war. He parted ways with the socialist party and joined the war where he fought until he was wounded in 1917. Starting Fascism In 1919, Mussolini started his own political party called the Fascist Party. He hoped to bring Italy back to the days of the Roman Empire when it ruled much of Europe. The members of the party wore black clothes and became known as the "Black Shirts." They were often violent and didn't hesitate to attack those who had different views or opposed their party. What is Fascism? Fascism is a type of political ideology, like socialism or communism. Fascism is often defined as being a type of "authoritarian nationalism." This means that the government has all the power. The people living in the country should be devoted to supporting their government and country without question. Fascist governments are usually ruled by a single strong leader or dictator. Becoming Dictator The Fascist Party became popular with the people of Italy and Mussolini began to grow in power. In 1922, Mussolini and 30,000 Black Shirts marched to Rome and took control of the government. By 1925, Mussolini had total control of the government and was established as dictator. He became known as "Il Duce", which means "the leader." Mussolini walking with Adolf Hitler in Berlin by Unknown Mussolini and Hitler Photo by Unknown Ruling Italy Once in control of the government, Mussolini looked to build up Italy's military strength. In 1936, Italy invaded and conquered Ethiopia. Mussolini thought that this was only the beginning. He felt that Italy would soon rule much of Europe. He also allied himself with Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany in an alliance called the "Pact of Steel." World War II In 1940, Italy entered World War II as an ally of Germany and declared war on the Allies. However, Italy was not prepared for such a large war. Early victories became defeats as the Italian army became spread out across a number of fronts. Soon the Italian people wanted out of the war. In 1943, Mussolini was removed from power and put in prison. However, German soldiers were able to break him free and Hitler put Mussolini in charge of Northern Italy, which was controlled by Germany at the time. By 1945, the Allies had taken over all of Italy and Mussolini fled for his life. As Mussolini tried to escape from the advancing Allied forces, he was captured by Italian soldiers. On April 28, 1945 they executed Mussolini and hung his body upside down at a gas station for all the world to see. Interesting Facts about Benito Mussolini Learn More about World War II: World War II Timeline Allied Powers and Leaders Axis Powers and Leaders Causes of WW2 War in Europe War in the Pacific After the War Battle of Britain Battle of the Atlantic Pearl Harbor Battle of Stalingrad D-Day (Invasion of Normandy) Battle of the Bulge Battle of Berlin Battle of Midway Battle of Guadalcanal Battle of Iwo Jima The Holocaust Japanese Internment Camps Bataan Death March Fireside Chats Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Atomic Bomb) War Crimes Trials Recovery and the Marshall Plan Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Franklin D. Roosevelt Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower Douglas MacArthur George Patton Adolf Hitler Joseph Stalin Benito Mussolini Anne Frank Eleanor Roosevelt The US Home Front Women of World War II African Americans in WW2 Spies and Secret Agents Aircraft Carriers World War II Glossary and Terms Works Cited History >> World War 2 for Kids About Ducksters Privacy Policy Follow us on Ducksters Facebook or Ducksters Twitter
Gingko Biloba What is Gingko biloba? Well, that depends on who you ask. The Gingko biloba tree is a relic from the past. It is the last surviving member of a family of trees called Gingkoplyta. This ancient family of trees can be found in fossil records dating back at least 250 million years Today, we are left with the tree we call Gingko biloba. It was first documented by Carl Linneaus back in 1771, but the Chinese and Japanese have admired this tree for many thousands of years. Gingko Biloba – The Miracle Tree The Japanese have many different names for the Gingko biloba tree. It is considered as a national treasure in Japan, and can be seen lining parks and streets. You can grow your own if you like. It is a rather tolerant tree, but outside a pot, it does not seem to like being pruned. However, it is perfect for the ancient Japanese art of Bonsai. Grown in a pot, it seems to thrive and will easy fruit. Don’t be tempted to eat the fruits as they can easily cause an allergic reaction. To see the best examples, it could be worth your while to travel to Japan. In Japan, the Gingko tree forms part of many Bonsai displays, but a very special one can be see in the Kobe temple Hosenji. This tree is tenderly looked after by the local monks, and it is said to be well over 2000 years. Today, the tree still fruits every year and carries on growing. Six Gingko biloba trees survived the nuclear blast of Hiroshima in 1945. They were charred and burned, but even though they were only 1 mile from ground zero, they still flourish today. No visit to Hiroshima is complete without seeing the trees. This is why the Japanese call Gingko biloba the miracle tree. Gingko Biloba – Many Names Same Tree In the West, the Gingko biloba is often called the Maidenhair tree. It is grown in parks and along roads, and famous for its power to improve air quality in cities. If you have a sizeable garden, you may even want to plant one. They are very hardy, and as long as you leave it to its own devices, it will grow happily for many years. Remember that it will grow very big, so it could be worth considering training the tree into a Bonsai plant. The Chinese called Gingko biloba the Silver fruit tree. The nuts which are produced by the tree can easily cause an allergic reaction. In China, they are only added to food once a year, and only a small amount is used. They are part of most traditional Chinese New Year’s celebrations, but are only eaten around this time of the year to celebrate the new year. It is known that the nuts can act as an aphrodisiac, and at the moment, a lot of research into other health benefits is ongoing. However, we know that the leaves can be safely harvested and used in herbal remedies. As a matter of fact, Gingko biloba has been used as part of Traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. So, what is Gingko biloba? It is a living fossil, a herbal remedy and a symbol for eternal life. The truth is that Gingko biloba is so much more than just another tree.
Buddhists believe in life after death, and this is an important motivation for Buddhists to be careful about their actions, speech, and thoughts in this life. Whatever we do with intention is called kamma, which has impetus leading to results (vipäka). When people talk loosely about kamma in the sense of 'fate', they are often referring to vipäka, which is the result of kamma, not kamma itself. To understand why and how rebirth takes place we need to understand about the law of kamma. It is a natural law, not unlike Newton's first law of motion - to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. However, the law of kamma operates in the realm of morality, ethics, and psychology, though results often affect the physical realm too. There is no Almighty God in Buddhism who decides on the destiny of beings, but kamma is an almighty force. However, it is an extreme, and wrong, view to believe that everything happens as a result of kamma. Using the analogy of a plant, past kamma is like the seed, present kamma is like the effort of cultivating the plant - sunlight, soil, fertiliser, water, pesticides, etc. are also vital to the plant's healthy growth. So past kamma is only responsible for about one sixteenth, the remainder is due to other causes. The infinite variety of volitional actions (kammas) done by living beings divides them into high and low states: killing and cruelty result in short lives, kindness and compassion lengthen life. Stealing in this life results in poverty in future lives, but generosity leads to wealth. Honour and respect shown to others leads to positions of status and privilege, while disrespect results in the opposite. Jealousy leads to powerlessness, while appreciation of others' abilities leads to influence. Not every kamma can give its result immediately, and its result is not a fixed quantity, since we can do other kammas afterwards that mitigate or enhance its potency. For example, if we shoot a snooker ball along a table, another ball can alter its course or even reverse its direction. However, if we fire a rifle bullet it is much harder to change its course after it has left the barrel. The potency of kamma depends on its target too. An angry thought directed at a criminal who is trying to kill us would be less potent than anger directed towards, say, our mother who is trying to stop us doing something shameful. The more pure-hearted the target of our thoughts, the more powerful the kamma will be - and this applies to wholesome kammas too. So kindness shown to saintly persons like the Buddha has enormous potential, whereas equivalent kindness directed towards animals or drug addicts will have relatively little result, though still not insignificant. Actions that are repeated and become habitual, also have enormous potential for good or evil. The realm where rebirth takes place depends only on the very last moment of consciousness at death, though this last moment is also conditioned by actions and thoughts done when death is near. So the Buddhist tradition is to encourage dying persons by reminding them of good deeds they have done. Children should try not to weep or cling to their dying parents as this may lead to unwholesome mental states and unfortunate rebirth. The importance of the final moments is clearly illustrated by a story from the time of the Buddha. A large gang of robbers was caught by the Buddhist king who offered to spare the life of any one of the robbers who would execute all the others. The robber chief volunteered to do this, executed all his former comrades, and remained in the king's service as his executioner until his old age. On the day that he was due to die, the executioner met Venerable Säriputta, the chief disciple of the Buddha, and offered his own meal to him. Venerable Säriputta tried to teach the executioner, but he could not listen attentively due to remorse over his many evil deeds. Venerable Säriputta then asked him if he had wanted to kill all the people that he had executed. He replied that he had only done what he had to do. This put his mind at rest so that he was able to pay attention to Säriputta's teaching. By meditating effectively as instructed, the executioner attained a deep stage of insight knowledge close to his death, and when he died he was reborn in a heavenly realm. This story shows how important present actions are when compared to past kammas. Even in the midst of doing evil deeds it is possible to have many moments of skilful thoughts such as, 'This action that I am doing is very shameful and is liable to lead to evil consequences.' Conversely, while doing a good deed we can have many unskilful thoughts such as, 'I am a very kind and generous person who only thinks about the benefit of others.' The law of kamma is very profound - trying to predict what results from a given kamma is only within the understanding of the Buddha or someone like him. Nevertheless, we can easily understand that it is vital to cultivate wholesome thoughts, speech, and deeds at every opportunity - but we must not cultivate unwholesome thoughts since they grow like weeds without any encouragement. The key point is to purify the mind through meditation, and to straighten out wrong views. Wrong views are very harmful because people always do what they think will lead to their own happiness, they never want to be unhappy. However, due to wrong view they imagine wrong to be right, just like someone lost in the desert who thinks that north is south. The harder they try, the farther astray they go. All the various realms of existence come into being due to the kamma of the beings who live there. English people build brick houses, Eskimos build igloos, and Pygmies build grass huts. Hell realms come into being from hatred and anger. One who dies with hatred will be reborn in hell. Animal realms come about through lust and delusion. Ghost realms arise from attachment and craving. Demon realms arise from envy and meanness. Celestial realms arise from morality, generosity, reverence, etc., and Brahmä realms arise from universal loving-kindness, compassion, sympathetic-joy, and equanimity. The human realm is the result of generosity, kindness, and wisdom. The various realms of existence are completely open to most living beings. Human beings or deities can be reborn as animals, animals can be reborn as humans or deities, and there is no guarantee of being reborn in the same realm again after death. The last thought-moment is the deciding factor. Only those who have realised nibbäna are assured of rebirth in the higher realms of existence - most human beings and deities are facing downwards since the majority are inclined to indulge in selfish pleasure rather than trying to do good deeds. It is even harder for an animal to be reborn in higher realms since it lives by primitive instincts, which means a lot of lustful, aggressive, and deluded kamma. Some pets may live a life of luxury, enjoying the company of compassionate and intelligent human beings, but how can they donate things to others or study religion? The human realm is therefore a very precious opportunity that most people squander by behaving no better than animals. To meet a Buddha or his teachings is even rarer than human rebirth. Even those born in Buddhist countries do not always practise the Buddha's teachings carefully. Among those who practise it sincerely, only those who have enough wisdom and energy will gain liberation in this very life. Many good people are self-satisfied with doing pious deeds, since they lack a deep and thorough knowledge. The executioner in the story was more spiritually advanced than many so-called Buddhists of today. He was blessed to meet an excellent teacher like Säriputta, but also wise enough to realise his own faults. Theraväda Buddhists do not use the terms 'transmigration' or 'reincarnation' because they both imply the existence of a permanent soul or self, which is contrary to the Buddha's teaching of anatta. I will try to clarify the distinction between the Buddhist doctrine of 'rebirth' and the Hindu idea of 'Transmigration' - it is an important point, and one that is usually misunderstood. This is hardly surprising, since it is through not understanding the nature of a person or being, a self or a soul, that we have all wandered so long in the cycle of birth and death. The Buddha's teaching of anatta was a radical departure from the theory of transmigration of souls that was commonly supposed to be true at his time. Unless one studies carefully, or practises insight meditation with a strong commitment, one will always tend to misunderstand things. Generally, people will err on the side of eternalism, or on the side annihilationism, instead of seeing the Middle Path of Buddhism. The following extracts are all from 'The Debate of King Milinda' (Motilal Books, PO Box 324, Borehamwood, Herts, WD6 1NB, UK, Tel: 0181 905 1244, Fax 0181 905 1108, e-mail - an abridgement of the translation of the Milindapañha a famous work of Buddhist literature from the 1st century BC based on dialogues between a Buddhist monk and a Bactrian Greek king - Menander. First, What is in a Name? King Milinda went to Nägasena and after exchanging polite and friendly greetings, took his seat respectfully to one side. Milinda began by asking: 1. How is your reverence known, and what sir, is your name? O king, I am known as Nägasena, but that is only a designation in common use, for no permanent individual can be found. Then Milinda called upon the Bactrian Greeks and the monks to bear witness: 'This Nägasena says that no permanent individual is implied in his name. Is it possible to approve of that?' Then he turned to Nägasena and said, 'If, most venerable Nägasena, that is true, who is it who gives you robes, food and shelter? Who lives the righteous life? Or again, who kills living beings, steals, commits adultery, tells lies or takes strong drink? If what you say is true then there is neither merit nor demerit, nor is there any doer of good or evil deeds and no result of kamma. If, venerable sir, a man were to kill you there would be no murder, and it follows that there are no masters or teachers in your Order. You say that you are called Nägasena; now what is that Nägasena? Is it the hair?' * I don't say that, great king. * Is it then the nails, teeth, skin or other parts of the body? * Certainly not.º * Or is it the body, or feelings, or perceptions, or formations, or consciousness? Is it all of these combined? Or is it something outside of them that is Nägasena? And still Nägasena answered: 'It is none of these.' * Then, ask as I may, I can discover no Nägasena. Nägasena is an empty sound. Who is it we see before us? It is a falsehood that your reverence has spoken. * In a chariot, venerable sir. * It is none of these things, venerable sir. * Then, sir, this chariot is an empty sound. You spoke falsely when you said that you came here in a chariot. You are a great king of India. Who are you afraid of that you speak an untruth? And he called upon the Bactrian Greeks and the monks to bear witness: 'This King Milinda has said that he came here by a chariot but when asked ?What is it?, he is unable to show it. Is it possible to approve of that?' Then the five hundred Bactrian Greeks shouted their approval and said to the king, 'Get out of that if you can!' * Very good, sir, your majesty has rightly grasped the meaning. Even so it is because of the thirty-two kinds of organic matter in a human body and the five aggregates of being that I come under the term Nägasena. As it was said by Sister Vajøra in the presence of the Blessed One, 'Just as it is by the existence of the various parts that the word, Chariot, is used, just so is it that when the aggregates of being are there we talk of a being.' * Most wonderful, Nägasena, most extraordinary that you have solved this puzzle, difficult though it was. If the Buddha himself were here he would approve of your reply. 2. How many rains do you have Nägasena? * Seven, your majesty. * But how can you say it is your seven; is it you who are seven or the number that is seven? And Nägasena said, 'Your shadow is now on the ground. Are you the king, or is the shadow the king?' * I am the king, Nägasena, but the shadow comes into being because of me. * Just so, O king, the number of the years is seven, I am not seven. But it is because of me that the number seven comes into being and it is mine in the same sense as the shadow is yours. * Most wonderful, Nägasena, and extraordinary. Well has this puzzle been solved by you, difficult as it was. Rebuttal of the Soul Belief 3. And Devamantiya, Anantakäya and Mankura went to Nägasena's hermitage to accompany the monks to the palace. As they were walking along together Anantakäya said to Nägasena, 'When, your reverence, I say, Nägasena, what is that Nägasena? * What do you think that Nägasena is? * The soul, the inner breath which comes and goes. * Certainly not. * But when those trumpeters and the like have blown their trumpets does their breath return to them? * No venerable sir, it doesnot. * Then why donot they die? * There is no soul in the breath. These inhalations and exhalations are merely constituent powers of the bodily frame. Then the elder talked to him on the Abhidhamma and Anantakäya was satisfied with his explanation. Who, Or What is Reborn? 4. He who is reborn, Nägasena, is he the same person or another? * Neither the same nor another. * Give me an illustration. * In the case of a pot of milk which turns first to curds, then to butter, then to ghee; it would not be right to say that the ghee, butter and curds were the same as the milk but they have come from that so neither would it be right to say that they are something else. 5. What is it, Nägasena, that is reborn? * Mind and matter. * Is it this very mind and matter that is reborn? * Give me an illustration. * It is like a fire which a man might kindle and, having warmed himself, he might leave it burning and go away. Then if that fire were to set light to another man's field and the owner were to seize him and accuse him before the king, and he were to say, 'Your majesty, I did not set this man's field on fire. The fire that I left burning was different to that which burnt his field. I am not guilty'. Would he deserve punishment? 6. Is there, Nägasena, such a thing as 'The one who knows(vedagu)?' * What is this thing? * The living principle within which sees, hears, tastes, smells, feels and discerns things; just as we, sitting here, can look out of any window we wish to. * If, O king, the living principle within can see, hear, taste, smell and feel things like you say, can it not also see forms through the ear and so on? * No, venerable sir. * Then, O king, the living principle within cannot make use of whichever sense it pleases as you suggested. It is, O king, by reason of the eye and forms that sight and those other conditions arise, namely; contact, feeling, perception, intention, one-pointedness, vitality and attention. Each arises simultaneously with its cause and herein 'The one who knows' cannot be found. Transmigration or Rebirth? 7. Is there any being who transmigrates from this body to another? * No there is not. * If that is so, would there not be an escape from the result of evil deeds? * Give me an illustration. * If a thief were to steal another man's mangoes, would he deserve punishment? * Indeed he would. * But the mangoes he stole were not those that the owner had planted; why should he deserve punishment? * Because those that he stole resulted from the others. 8. When deeds are committed by one mind and body process, where do they remain? The deeds follow them, O king, like a shadow that never leaves. But one cannot point them out saying, 'Those deeds are here or there, just as the fruits of a tree cannot be pointed out before they are produced. 9. Would he who is about to be reborn know it? Buddhists believe that death is always followed by rebirth until one attains full enlightenment (Arahantship), which means the eradication of all ignorance and attachment. With this attainment the Arahant puts an end to kamma, so the cycle of rebirth and consequent suffering, old age, and death is cut off at the death of an arahant or Buddha, which is called his parinibbäna. Bhikkhu Pesala Wembley Vihära, January 2000
(redirected from Plasma exchange) Related to Plasma exchange: plasma exchange therapy (plăz′mə-fĕr′ĭ-sĭs, -fə-rē′-) A process in which plasma is taken from donated blood and the remaining components, mostly red blood cells, are returned to the donor. [plasm(a) + Greek aphairesis, removal; see aphaeresis.] (Medicine) (in blood transfusion) a technique for removing healthy or infected plasma by separating it from the red blood cells by settling or using a centrifuge and retransfusing the red blood cells into the donor or patient [C20: from plasm + Greek aphairesis taking away] (ˌplæz mə fəˈri sɪs) a type of apheresis in which blood cells are returned to the bloodstream of the donor and the plasma is used, as for transfusion. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun1.plasmapheresis - plasma is separated from whole blood and the rest is returned to the donor pheresis, apheresis - a procedure in which blood is drawn and separated into its components by dialysis; some are retained and the rest are returned to the donor by transfusion n plasmaféresis f References in periodicals archive ? It was then decided to perform plasma exchange on the 14- year- old. However, the number of plasma exchanges was quite variable, ranging from two to 24 exchanges. Very few patients who have advanced renal disease at presentation recover renal function despite immunosuppression and plasma exchange. Although plasma exchange procedures are mostly done via plasmapheresis, in clinical practice, immunoadsorption can also be used, and may in fact be a superior method in MC cases (40). Postoperative TTP responds to plasma exchange faster than classical TTP, but also progresses more rapidly and usually fatally if untreated or if treatment is commenced late. Weinshenker was intrigued when his colleague Moses Rodriguez, MD, found that six people whose attacks did not respond to steroid treatment improved dramatically with plasma exchange therapy. EULAR also noted that plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin, and rituximab have been used for refractory NPSLE. You are paged by the renal fellow requesting plasma exchange for a patient with multiple myeloma. He picked up a couple of viral infections and they undid all the good work done by the plasma exchange he undergoes.
Melaleuca quinquenervia, commonly known as Niaouli or Broad-leaved Paperbark or the Paper Bark Tea Tree, is a medium sized tree of the allspice family, Myrtaceae. The plant is native to coastal Eastern Australia, in New South Wales and Queensland. It has become naturalized in the Everglades in Florida, where it is considered a serious weed by the USDA. Melaleuca is used traditionally by indigenous Australians. A brew is made from the bruised young aromatic leaves to treat colds, headaches and general sickness. The steam distilled leaf oil of the cineole chemotype is also used externally for coughs, colds, neuralgia, and rheumatism. A nerolidol and linalool chemotype is also cultivated and distilled on a small scale for use in perfumery. The flowers serve as a rich source of nectar for other organisms, including fruit bats, a wide range of insect and bird species such as the Scaly-breasted Lorikeet (Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus), the Grey-headed Flying Fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) and the Little Red Flying-fox (P. scapulatus), which all consume the nectar and flowers. Melaleuca is known for its capability to withstand floods and droughts. If there is a canopy gap created by a flood or some other disturbance Melaleuca will establish to make use of the extra light. In physically disturbed sites, flourishing invaders have high colonization abilities. Melaleuca is constantly thinning itself of small branches and twigs and this causes many seeds to fall all the time, along with the detrius. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s
Adam Kennedy PITA::XML::Guest - A testing environment, typically a system image # A simple guest using the local Perl # (mostly used for test purposes) my $dist = PITA::XML::Guest->new( driver => 'Local', params => {}, PITA::XML::Guest is an object for holding information about a testing guest environment. A PITA Guest is a container with specific operating system and hardware that contains one or more testing contexts, represented in PITA::XML by PITA::XML::Platform objects. # The most correct way to specify a guest my $guest1 = PITA::XML::Guest->new( driver => 'Qemu', config => { memory => 256, snapshot => 1, # Equivalent, using shorthand. # Anything other that 'driver' is considered a config entry. my $guest = PITA::XML::Guest->new( driver => 'Qemu', memory => 256, snapshot => 1, The new constructor creates a new <guest> element. It has a single compulsory parameter of the guest driver name, and takes optionally a set of named params to provide as creation params for the guest driver object. Returns a new PITA::XML::Guest or throw an exception on error. $guest = PITA::XML::Guest->new( 'guest.xml' ); The read constructor loads a guest from an existing PITA::XML file. Returns a new PITA::XML::Guest object, or throws an exception on error. The id accessor returns the unique identifier of the request, if it has one. This will generally be some form of Data::UUID string. Returns the identifier as a string, or undef if the request has not been assigned an id. If an object does not already have an id property, the set_id method will let you assign one to the guest. Takes a valid GUID "8-4-4-4-12" string and sets the object with it, or croaks on error. The driver accessor returns the shorthand name of the driver, as it is stored in the PITA-XML xml file. For example, if the guest uses the PITA::Guest::Driver::Qemu driver, the driver method return 'Qemu'. The driver_available method will check your local system to see if the driver for this guest is available in the current Perl environment. Returns true if the driver is available, or false if not. The config accessor returns the configuration for the driver. This configuration is entirely driver-specific, and although conventions may exist, you should not rely on the contents of the configuration to have any specific meaning. Returns a reference to a HASH containing plain scalar keys and values. If the guest XML was loaded from a file via read the base method will return the directory that the XML file was loaded from. This base directory identifies where any relative file paths should be mapped from. Each guest will require zero or more file resources. In most cases, this consists of drive images or emulator configuration files. The files method returns all existing files for this guest. Returns a list of PITA::XML::File objects Each guest should contain one or more testing contexts, where packages of some specific type can be automatically tested. In PITA parlance, a scheme-specific testing context is known as a Platform. The platforms method returns all existing known platforms for this guest. Returns a list of one of more PITA::XML::Platform objects. If this method returns a zero-length list, then the guest may be unprocessed, and has not been 'discovered' yet. The add_file method adds a new driver-specific file to the guest. It takes as it's only parameter a PITA::XML::File object. Returns true if added, or throws an exception if not passed a valid PITA::XML::File object. The add_platform method adds a new testing context to the guest. In general, you should not be manually adding platform definitions to the guest unless you are implementing a driver auto-discovery mechanism for your new or custom PITA::Guest::Driver class. That is, the PITA driver system itself will take you unprocessed guest, load it, query the guest for its platform list, and update the XML file independantly, without the help of any external system. It takes as it's only parameter a PITA::XML::Platform object. The discovered method is a convenience method, and checks to see if platform discovery has been done on the guest, or if it is unprocessed. Returns true if the platforms have been discovered, or false if not. Bugs should be reported via the CPAN bug tracker at For other issues, contact the author. Adam Kennedy <>, The Perl Image Testing Architecture ( Copyright 2005 - 2013 Adam Kennedy.
1. The process of killing a bacteria using what is called the oxygen-dependent respiratory burst is a mechanism of what type of cells? A. T B. B C. Neutrophils E. Both B & T 2. The alternative pathway of the complement system is activated by: A. antigen-antibody reactions B. polysaccharides from yeasts and gram-negative bacteria C. none of the above D. Both A & B 3. After processing, the MHC molecules display the short amino acid sequences derived from the antigen by different classes of T cells. Class 1 pairs with: A. CD8+ B. CD4+ C. CD 40 Ligand D. CD 22 4. In Hyper-IgM Syndrome, there is a defect that affects class switching of antibodies. IgM levels are high, while IgG, IgA and IgE levels are significantly depressed or absent. This occurs becuase T cells are unable to produce: A. CD8+ C. CD40 Ligand D. CD 28/CTLA4 5. The second most common form of SCID leads to accumulation of adenosine, 2’-deoxyadenosine, and 2’-O-methyladenosine, all of which are toxic to T cells and cause T cell apoptosis. This is caused by a deficiency in: A. NADPH oxidase B. adenosine deaminase C. MAC complex Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s
Wednesday, March 18, 2015 Universe=Consciousness... post-materialist science. At the end of the nineteenth century, physicists discovered empirical phenomena that could not be explained by classical physics. This led to the development, during the 1920s and early 1930s, of a revolutionary new branch of physics called quantum mechanics (QM). QM has questioned the material foundations of the world by showing that atoms and subatomic particles are not really solid objects… they do not exist with certainty at definite spatial locations and definite times. Most importantly, QM explicitly introduced the mind into its basic conceptual structure, since it was found that particles being observed and the observer (ie: the physicist and the method used for observation) are linked. According to one interpretation of QM, this phenomenon implies that the consciousness of the observer is vital to the existence of the physical events being observed, and that mental events can affect the physical world. The results of recent experiments support this interpretation. These results suggest that the physical world is no longer the primary or sole component of reality, and that it cannot be fully understood without making reference to the mind. - Item 7 from the Manifesto for a Post-Materialist Science Within the study of social science, post-materialism is defined as the transformation of individual values, away from materialist, physical and economic… to a new paradigm of individual values emphasizing autonomy and self-expression. The philosophical definition of traditional materialism concerns the argument that matter is the only existing reality… the only real reality. Recent mainstream science operates under this assumption. Today, this notion is known as “scientific materialism.” However, this view is disappearing at an exponential rate, given the fact that quantum physics has shown us that what we perceive as our physical material world, is not really physical at all. Post-materialist science postulates that human consciousness is an integral component, even a generative, co-creative component… of reality. In a recent article entitled: “Is Consciousness A Product Of the Brain… Or Is the Brain the Receiver of Consciousness?” …columnist Arjun Walia stated that… Consciousness is the way we perceive and observe our world, the way we think, our intentions, feelings, emotions and, (as it turns out) more. One of the biggest questions regarding human consciousness today is whether it is simply a product of our brain, or if the brain is a receiver of consciousness. If consciousness is not a product of the brain it would mean that the human physicality is not required for the continuation of consciousness, or consciousness itself. – Niels Bohr
Dismiss Notice Dismiss Notice Join Physics Forums Today! Man/piano problem 1. Oct 7, 2008 #1 A 399 kg piano slides 3.6 m down a(n) 27° incline and is kept from accelerating by a man who is pushing back on it parallel to the incline. The effective coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.40. Calculate the force exerted by the man. 2. Relevant equations 3. The attempt at a solution Ok, I took mg(sin27)-(mu)mg(cos27)=0 339kg9.8m/s^2sin27-0.40339kg9.8m/s^2*cos27=0 and got 324N for an answer which is apparently not correct. I tried it several different ways and keep coming up with the same answer. Please help! 2. jcsd 3. Oct 7, 2008 #2 User Avatar Science Advisor Homework Helper Gold Member Bones, welcome to PF! you mean = F_applied by man, not 0. The problem statement notes the mass as 399 kg, but you used 339 kg! 4. Oct 7, 2008 #3 I must be dyslexic because I worked on that problem for hours and didn't notice that once! Thanks ;) Similar Discussions: Man/piano problem 1. Man pushing piano (Replies: 1)
Path: EDN Asia >> News Centre >> Industrial/Mil/Aero >> 'Invisibility cloak' against sound waves and sonars Industrial/Mil/Aero Share print 'Invisibility cloak' against sound waves and sonars 19 Mar 2014 \| Julien Happich Share this page with your friends Professor Cummer thinks this is the sort of tricks that can be done with this approach. "I am trying to engage as many audio design professionals as I can to explore these possibilities. It's not really my area so I don't have a good sense of what would or would not be useful, but I am fairly certain that there must be useful things that can be done this way." Of course, another obvious application that one would think of is stealth submarines. "We conducted our tests in the air, but sound waves behave similarly underwater, so one obvious potential use is sonar avoidance," admits Cummer whose research was supported by Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative grants from the Office of Naval Research and from the Army Research Office. "There are major challenges with implementing the same approach in water. Air is much easier, which is why we did that first. But we are thinking about water." But to what extent could this cloak be adapted to various shapes and does any specific shape of the cloak require specific computing with regard to the direction from which the sound comes? "Interestingly, the underlying theory says that you can design a cloak of any shape that works for sound coming from all possible directions," answers Cummer. "A sphere has nice symmetry that makes it easier to design, but a cube is possible too. However, the parameters of the material you need for the cloaking shell (for acoustics, these are effective mass density and effective stiffness) depend critically on the shape. This cloaking concept could be adapted to other shapes, but they would have to be reengineered and re-fabricated," he added. In fact, the cloaking shell has to have significant thickness to it in order to guide the acoustic wave energy. It could be designed thinner but then it becomes very hard to make if it is much more than about 10 times thinner than the size of the object it is hiding, according to Cummer. This limitation makes it impractical to use such metamaterials as a "skin," for example, to make stealth submarines. However, one of the easiest shapes to craft for an acoustic cloak, the pyramid shape, could be built as nuclear submarine hide-out as long as it would be large enough for the sub to fit inside. Could these metamaterials be conceived as re-shapable, re-configurable MEMS skins controlled by software to adapt the cloak to specific situations? "That is way, way down the road, but there's no fundamental reason that it couldn't be done, provided access to computer-controlled reconfigurable-shape materials," concluded Cummer. First Page Previous Page 1 • 2 Time to activate your subscription - it's easy! Add New Comment *Verify code: Tech Impact Regional Roundup Control this smart glass with the blink of an eye GlobalFoundries extends grants to Singapore students ARM, Tencent Games team up to improve mobile gaming News \| Products \| Design Features \| Regional Roundup \| Tech Impact
Speaking And Listening, The True Social Art Bryant H. McGill As a civilized society, our main tool of survival is communication. We talk at others and every once in a while we hear to what they say during our pauses. We listen to them, mainly waiting for our turn to keep talking. Stop that! Conversations are not about you talking and the other person hearing you out. That is called a monologue. You have to learn to listen. You have to listen so completely and attentively, that you are listening not to the words, but to the feeling of what is being conveyed, not to part of it but to the whole of it. Remember that words are only part of what is being told. You don’t have to agree with the person, but you do have to understand where the message is coming from. Listening is such a simple act that requires intense practice. It requires you to be present in the now of the conversation, and that takes discipline. We don't have to do anything; we don't have to advise, or coach, or sound wise. We just have to be willing to sit there and listen. You will be surprised just how much that is appreciated by people.
How Our Children Learn User Rating: 5 (1 votes) Human beings are incredibly complex creatures. There are variances in our physiology, our emotions and our personalities and we each have different preferences, likes, dislikes, learning styles, natural abilities and so on. Each one of us is completely unique and different to the other and this, as much as our genetic make up is something we have from birth. So, whilst we are incredibly fortunate to have a wonderful schooling system that gives children a rounded and full education, teaching each pupil in a way most suited to them at all times is an impossible task, therefore we are taught in a variety of manners – some which suit us and some which we find more challenging. In brief, we will discuss each of the common learning styles and how to encourage them at home: children learning 1. Those Who Learn With Logic These individuals love puzzles and to understand of each step of a given process. Maths is frequently their strong point and they are less a creative and more an analytical thinker in the classroom, thriving on tasks that involve problem solving. Encouraging These Learners You can encourage this type of individual by working with them to solve logical puzzles in the form of computer games or DIY science experiments. 2. Those That Are Auditory Learners These individuals have an undeniable affinity for the spoken word and are their skillset is often associated with excellent memory. They can spell well and find it easy to learn phonetically, often excelling in subjects that have a musical component to them. Encouraging These Learners Simple activities such as reading aloud and playing games with tape recorders can help these learners to excel, catering for their natural abilities perfectly. 3. Those Who Learn Kinaesthetically These learners may appear more extrovert, they love to be active and physically demonstrate their point to you as supposed to verbally saying it. Concentration in silence for long periods of time isn’t where their skill set lies and they prefer to be up and about, learning by doing. Encouraging These Learners Active learning is perfect for these individuals, applying theories and concepts to fun activities to enable them to learn and understand by being hands on. 4. Those Who Learn Visually Visual learners are often talented at art and learn via imagery and visual stimulation. Ideas need to be put in front of them in a format they can see rather than imagine and they often interpret visual aids such as maps and diagrams with ease. Encouraging These Learners Board games are a great way to nurture these individuals’ abilities. As they learn visually, adapting traditional learning by encouraging these individuals to apply concepts and theories to pictures can really cater to their abilities. Kumon are a private tutoring company based in Ealing that work with children individually to encourage the most efficient learning for their ability. The BBC also has some fantastic online learning resources for children, you can visit their site here. So there we have it! Do any of the above traits fit with your children?
bell curve Mentioned in ? References in periodicals archive ? If culture is the savior against the hereditarians and those persuaded by The Bell Curve, culture must contain the answer as we search for an explanation of the pathological sink into which some 10,000,000 Americans have fallen. The Bell Curve authors also don't acknowledge another explanation for the racial earnings gap: discrimination. The fundamental premise of this new vision is a rejection of the determinism inherent in the bell curve and the embrace of the essential truth that teachers and school leaders make a difference. Even if one does understand the bell curve, as Taleb showed us standard deviation is often not robust enough for multi-dimensional financial markets. The fat-tailed bell curve, he says, is not what statisticians call stable. For many people," Murray and Herrnstein cold bloodedly conclude in The Bell Curve, "there is nothing they can learn that will repay the cost of teaching" A renowned teacher and writer of science and history of science at Harvard, Gould (1941-2002) challenges assertions of biological determinism in a volume first published in 1981 and in a revised edition in 1996 that specifically addressed claims Arthur Jensen made in his 1994 The Bell Curve. This is our chance to get on the other side of the overcrowding bell curve. And he thereafter rejects the notorious argument made in Richard Hernnstein's and Charles Murray's 1994 book The Bell Curve that (in Fish's summary) "blacks occupy inferior social and economic positions because they are naturally inferior" on the grounds that there exists "an overwhelming scientific consensus that the concept of race has no biological foundation. Nathan Glazer, for example, responded to the argument made in The Bell Curve not by disputing its accuracy but by asking, "whether the untruth is not better for American society than the truth" At bottom, those who say class-based affirmative action won't produce additional racial diversity -- no matter how fair -- are too pessimistic about the abilities of black people. This distinction is highlighted by the fact that the eugenicist book The Bell Curve within four months of publication sold 400,000 copies, and has been treated as respectable science by all-too-many pundits and academics. Herrnstein note in The Bell Curve (1994, Free Press, New York), most people who score poorly on intelligence tests lead law-abiding lives.
Saturday, February 28, 2009 Snakes and Ladders A Board game (board with a grid of 10x10) that we play with dice and token, if token land on the lower-numbered end of the squares with a "ladder", then player can move their token up to the higher-numbered square and if the token land on the higher-numbered square of a pair with a "snake" (or chute), then player must move their token down to the lower-numbered square.... Yes here I am talking about 'Snakes and Ladder'. It's a game almost all of us have played. It's a game which is related to the childhood memories of all of us. But do we ever think that who invented this game? What is the significance of this game? Yes, Snakes and Ladders is an original Indian game. The board game, today called Snakes and Ladders, originated in ancient India, where it was known with the name Mokshapat or Moksha Patamu.It is not actually known when or who invented it, though it's believed the game was played at a time as early as 2nd century BC. According to some historians, the game was invented by Saint Gyandev in the 13th century AD. Originally, the game was used as a part of moral instruction to children. The squares in which ladders start were each supposed to stand for a virtue, and those housing the head of a snake were supposed to stand for an evil. In Moksha-Patamu, the squares of virtue are faith (12), reliability (51), generosity (57), knowledge (76), asceticism (78), while the squares of evil are disobedience (41), vanity (44), vulgarity (49), theft (52), lying (58), drunkenness (62), debt (69), murder (73), rage (84), greed (92), pride (95) and lust (99). The last square (100) represents Nirvana.The snakes outnumbered the ladders in the original Hindu game as a reminder that treading the path of good is very difficult compared to committing sins. Presumably the number "100" represented Moksha (Salvation). Once the player reaches the second last square, he has to have the patience to wait for the right number to fall so that he can finally reach home. The game was transported to England by the colonial rulers in the latter part of the 19th century, with somemodifications. The modified game was named Snakes and Ladders and stripped of its moral and religious aspects and the number of ladders and snakes were equalized. In 1943, the game was introduced in the US under the name Chutes and Ladders. Through its several modifications over the decades, however, the meaning of the game has remained the same -- 'that good deeds will take people to heaven (Moksha) while evil deeds will lead to a cycle of rebirths in lower form of life (Patamu). Thursday, February 26, 2009 Takshila: World's first University Takshila was specialized in the study of medicine. Taxila has been listed by the UNESCO as one of the World Heritage Sites. Monday, February 23, 2009 Aryabhatta and origin of zero Aryabhatta (476-550 A.D.), one of the world’s greatest mathematician-astronomer, was born in Patliputra in Magadha, modern Patna in Bihar. Many are of the view that he was born in the south of India especially Kerala and lived in Magadha at the time of the Gupta rulers. However, there exists no documentation to ascertain his exact birthplace. Whatever this origin, it cannot be argued that he lived in Patliputra where he wrote his famous treatise the "Aryabhatta-siddhanta" but more famously the "Aryabhatiya", the only work to have survived. The mathematical part of the Aryabhatiya covers arithmetic, algebra, plane trigonometry and spherical trigonometry. It also contains continued fractions, quadratic equations, sums of power series and a table of sines. This work is the first we are aware of which examines integer solutions to equations of the form by = ax + c and by = ax - c, where a, b, c are integers. Aryabhatta was an author of at least three astronomical texts and wrote some free stanzas as well. He wrote that if 4 is added to 100 and then multiplied by 8 then added to 62,000 then divided by 20,000 the answer will be equal to the circumference of a circle of diameter twenty thousand. This calculates to 3.1416 close to the actual value Pi (3.14159). But his greatest contribution has to be ZERO, for which he became immortal. He certainly did not use the symbol, but the French mathematician Georges Ifrah argues that knowledge of zero was implicit in Aryabhata's place-value system as a place holder for the powers of ten with null coefficients. The supposition is based on the following two facts: first, the invention of his alphabetical counting system would have been impossible without zero or the place-value system; secondly, he carries out calculations on square and cubic roots which are impossible if the numbers in question are not written according to the place-value system and zero. He already knew that the earth spins on its axis, the earth moves round the sun and the moon rotates round the earth. He talks about the position of the planets in relation to its movement around the sun. He refers to the light of the planets and the moon as reflection from the sun. Aryabhatta gives the radius of the planetary orbits in terms of the radius of the Earth/Sun orbit as essentially their periods of rotation around the Sun. He believes that the Moon and planets shine by reflected sunlight, incredibly he believes that the orbits of the planets are ellipses. He correctly explains the causes of eclipses of the Sun and the Moon. This remarkable man was a genius and continues to baffle many mathematicians of today. His works was then later adopted by the Greeks and then the Arabs. Bhaskara I who wrote a commentary on the Aryabhatiya about 100 years later wrote of Aryabhatta:- To read more about him: Related Posts Plugin for WordPress, Blogger...
Can Anyone Tell Me What Heaven is Really Like? Download now or preview on posterous heaven.pdf (43 KB) You don't have to read far into the Bible before you meet the word 'heaven'. The first chapter has seven separate references to 'heaven'. But where is it and what is it? The first reference appears to add to the confusion as it literally reads "God created 'both heavens' and the earth". Both heavens? Two heavens? How many heavens are there? Well, the romantic may say he is in the 'seventh heaven' but the Bible makes reference to three. Modern commentators sometimes say that the Hebrews believed in a heaven and earth of three concentric spheres but that is because modern commentators think that ancient people were too unsophisticated to speak in pictures. Their comments tell us more about modern arrogance than ancient naiveté. We might as well conclude that the 21st Century man who says ‘the sun rises at 5.30’ thinks that the earth is flat and that the sun is doing the moving. The Hebrew word for heaven means something that is "above" and is a relative term. (The Greek word for 'heaven' has the same kind of etymology.) Consequently there is a 'heaven' above the earth where the sparrows fly, and there is a 'heaven' above that where the stars shine. (Gen 1:16, 20) And above (or beyond) that a third! The imagery is of a place beyond man's reach. Modern scientific technology may have taken man through the sparrows' heaven and into the starry heavens (or to the moon, as a start) but the third heaven still remains above, beyond his reach. Posted via email from My Bible Base
The Story of Mandalas "Why has the circle been an important part of human culture since ancient times? Why do people of all cultures, times and places find the circular motif such a satisfying and meaningful form of expression? Here is one man’s description of his insight into the meaning of the circle, which he calls a 'mandala.' --> Carl Gustav Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist, adopted the Sanskrit word mandala to describe the circle drawings he and his patients did. Mandala means center, circumference, or magic circle. Jung associated the mandala with the S, the center of the total personality. He suggested that the mandala shows the natural urge to live out our potential, to fulfill the pattern of our whole personality." –Susanne Fincher (Creating Mandalas) For me, the word mandala came to a conscious level while taking a course about children’s artistic development and a stage named “mandala” (click for example) followed by a Getty Conference workshop on incorporating language arts into the artistic process with “Sun/Shadow Mandalas." Since then, I have tirelessly researched “magic circle” and continue to do so this via books, websites, as an artist, mother, teacher, woman and spiritual human being. Check out web links for listings of some of my favorites frequently as the list is sure to grow (and flow...). It is a wonderous magnificent abundant magical experience exploring the circle within. " I sketched every morning in a notebook a small circular drawing, a mandala, which seemed to correspond to my inner situation at the time… Only gradually did I discover what the mandala really is:… the Self, the wholeness of the personality, which if all goes well is harmonious." (Carl Jung, 1965) Slice of Life (and Death)
Nutrition Tips To Help You Create A Healthy Eating Plan TIP! Few people consume all the protein they need. Lean, red meats, such as steak, are the best protein sources. It’s important to be nutritious. It makes you look and feel amazing. Proper nutrition is an essential part of living a more enjoyable life. These tips will help you improve your life by helping you understand how to have proper nutrition. TIP! A piece of advice is to increase the amount of vegetables and fruits that you eat everyday. To ensure you receive the recommended daily allowance of fruit and vegetables, eat at least 9 servings. Protein is a daily requirement you do not want to neglect. Protein supports the health and growth of almost every part of your body. Proteins assist with cell processes and increasing your metabolism rates. Protein is also important for a good immune system. Healthy protein can be found in a variety of sources including fish, meat, poultry, grains and milk. TIP! For better health, bring your own lunch to school or work. A meal you prepare in advance is almost always healthier than something you get from a restaurant or a vending machine. It is important that your diet is filled with whole grains. Whole grains pack a much more nutritional punch than processed grains that have had most of their nutrients refined out of them. Replace regular pasta, bread, and rice with whole-grain versions. This will make up for the fiber and nutrients that most refined carbohydrates do not offer. TIP! Those convenience foods in your supermarket aisle are to be avoided, because they are usually highly processed and contain unhealthy fats. You increase your chance of heart disease by consuming foods loaded in trans fat. A good way to get fit is to pack your own meals for when you go to work or school. When you pack your lunch, you will not have to wonder what’s in your food, and you’ll save money too. All it takes ten minutes or less and you’ve got yourself a few meals. TIP! A regular system is a working system. Drink lots of water and make sure you get enough fiber every day. Eliminating junk food from your diet can be difficult, but it is very rewarding. It is especially difficult to quit if you have been eating junk food your whole life. Cravings for these foods stick around, even after you have made a switch to a more healthful diet. There will be a noticeable difference in the way you feel after you start replacing junk food with nutritious, healthy snacks and meals. TIP! Vitamin B-12 is crucial for the body to create red blood cells. Elderly people and folks who only eat veggies may not be taking in enough of it. There are many tips that you have read in this article. Take them to heart, and make the proper choices in your life. Switching to a more nutritious diet is a choice that will make you feel better each day. Wordpress SEO Plugin by SEOPressor
Saturday, May 24, 2014 Sometimes Judgment Comes Not As Brimstone Or Earthquake But As A Moth Sometimes Judgment Comes Not As Brimstone Or Earthquake But As A Moth In the role of you read the bible, edit by and large to consider. Expert about what you're reading. Along with, by and large ask yourself, "Like does this mean?" We read about stand-in descriptions in the bible, and we read about stand-in insects and animals sometimes as a part of populate descriptions. In Psalm 59:14 we read that enemies return at sundown, grieve "delight in a dog". In Proverbs 6:6, we are advised to be delight in the ant. Psalm 18:33 says, "He completed my feet delight in the feet of a deer and set me stable on the heights"." Sometimes God uses a metaphor to attribute a feeling to Himself. In Matthew 23:37 God says tenderly, "O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills the prophets and stones populate who are sent to it! How methodically would I take gathered your children together as a hen gathers her offspring under her wings, and you were not willing!" See likewise Ruth 2:12. Wiki creative commons Insects mentioned rather methodically involve the moth. Moths are mentioned frequent era. "but lay up for yourselves resources in fantasy, someplace neither moth nor corrode destroys and someplace thieves do not break in and bag." (Matthew 6:20) "For the moth ghost eat them up delight in a garment, and the young insect ghost eat them delight in wool; but my truthfulness ghost be ad infinitum, and my sustenance to all generations." (Isaiah 51:8) But see this verse from Hosea someplace God pronounces elegance on Israel, God says HE ghost be delight in the moth! "I am delight in a moth to Ephraim, delight in rot to the kind of Judah"." (Hosea 5:12) So in reading Hosea 5 next you come with a leg on each side of a verse delight in this, edit and consider, ask, what does it mean? Like do moths do, how do they act, so we can stuck-up understand what God is saying present-day. In the role of we be attracted to of God working, we methodically be attracted to of Him heftily and piercingly working vigorous things, such as in the look at from 1 Kings 19:11-12 "And a vigorous and strong wind was rending the mountains and flouting in pieces the rocks before the LORD; but the Peer of the realm was not in the wind. And at what time the wind an quiver, but the Peer of the realm was not in the quiver. 12After the quiver a fire, but the Peer of the realm was not in the fire. And at what time the fire the sharp of a low fizzle"." But God works barely too, as the low fizzle showed. (NOT that God speaks to us today in a nevertheless, tiny give or take, that was not the matter of the verse). It's that He works tawdrily and demonstrably but likewise barely. It is the vastly with the moth. Then again we be attracted to of judgments delight in brimstone and earthquakes, a elegance is likewise what the moth can do, and in a way, it is bring down. Moths (or moth larvae) work incognito, secretly. You put to one side your clothes for the summer and next winter comes another time you give a positive response out that sweater and it has been rendered feeble since of all the holes in until it is good for nil. It ghost not drape your nakedness anymore. Stand Tone quotes Calvin: "The meaning of the soothsayer is by no logic overshadow, and that is, that the Peer of the realm would by a slow wear down grip every the people; and that, on the other hand he would not by one inception cut into strips them, yet they would get weaker to one side until they became fully dire." Gill's Showing says, "Consequently ghost I be unto Ephraim as a moth,.... Which eats wear through, penetrates featuring in them, feeds on them secretly, incognito, not including any outcry, and unhurriedly and sleepily consumes them; but at final fine, that they are of no use and profit:" Can contemporary be a bring down judgment? To kindle considered opinion yourself one day fully rotten? A slow but self-evident destroy that had come upon you? Not even having rated a terrible gaudy elegance of brimstone, but a lowly young insect having done you in. S. Lewis Johnson professional his just of Hosea 5, a dialogue good "GOD Outside", this way- "The perils of apostasy! In the role of we apostatize from the wish, next we move on from the wish, next exhaustion and indifference grips us, the real enemy is the Peer of the realm God Himself!" "If you take made-up in Jesus and your life is in a calamity since of indifference and since of exhaustion, the Peer of the realm God may be working delight in a moth in your life. May God help you to grasp what is really episode, and may He light you by His Blessed Ghoul to come back to Him. Welcome your sin, chance to put Him initial in your life. Use the time He has supreme you for the esteem of His name. The put right as Hosea puts it so basically is, expose the Peer of the realm.' (Hosea 5:4) Sketch deterrent measures vs. the moth's pessimistic capabilities by keeping your wish living and backbreaking. Examination the word, know the Peer of the realm. Strength of character for ever. Serve love. Present constantly. Communicate ghost be no believe to mothball your holy garment if you never put it to one side for a season! Popular Posts
Monday, June 6, 2016 How To Teach Teamwork In A Powerful Way How To Teach Teamwork In A Powerful Way by A Word On Third Cooperation is easy to talk about, but it's tough to actually SHOW kids why it's important. I can read countless amazing books about cooperation, but it just doesn't seem to stick the way I want it to. Have you guys ever experienced that? Now, I still recommend reading those books... but I also recommend having the kids participate in an activity that makes them apply that knowledge in a meaningful way. So here's what I love to do... it's really simple. I'll break down the lesson plan for you in bullet-form. 1. Start by reading a quality text that covers cooperation. Here are some good ones: As a class, discuss what cooperation means and how one might show it. 2. Introduce the picture challenge. Break students into groups for 4 to 6. Tell the kids that their job is to draw a picture. They must first plan what they will draw and then draw it. Here's the catch: each child can only use one crayon! If I start with purple, I can only color with purple. Make sure the kids understand they need to draw a picture of something and not simply a design. For that reason, I suggest giving the kids 1 or 2 minutes to plan what they'll draw first. 3. Give kids 10-15 minutes of work time. You won't need more than this to get the point across. If kids start to disagree and ask for your help, try to stay out of it. You might say something like, "How can you use cooperation to solve this problem?" or "How can you follow our rule 'Take care of everyone' and solve your problem?" The most important thing is that kids need to get through the struggle on their own. Some might not, and that's OK. 4. Reflect. Gather the class together. Display the pictures where they can all be seen, and reflect on what happened. What was successful? What was challenging? What did the kids learn? How might they use teamwork more effectively next time? What types of compromises does one need to make to be on a team? I find this to be a really powerful lesson for my kids, and I do it every year. Sometimes I do it at the beginning of the year, but it's also a great way to close off the year. It's easy to forget about the classroom communities we've worked so hard to build in those last few weeks, but it's more important than ever to peacefully transition to the next year! What are your favorite books that help you teach cooperation? Comment below! 1. Reflection is key! When I taught fourth grade I called that piece 'debrief', this is where we would come back together after an activity. Discuss the successes, explain issues that arose, describe ways to improve for next time. 1. I couldn't agree more. I feel like it's easy to leave the step out, but it's so powerful when you leave it in!
When you dive deep into population data -- really deep, like into the 1800s deep -- the numbers show people have been drawn to Texas cities even before there was a Texas. And while Houston has been the largest city in the state for some time, that wasn't always the case. Houston was once smaller than Dallas and San Antonio, according to 1890 Census data, the Houston rivals had populations of 38,067 and 37,673 respectively. In 1900, San Antonio and Houston both climbed over Dallas. The next census, in 1910, Dallas came back to dethrone Houston as the second largest city in the state, leaving San Antonio on top. Then 1930 happened. According to City Data, the oil discovery at Spindletop in 1901 and the reshaping of Buffalo Bayou into a shipping channel made manufacturing and industry thrive in the area. By 1930, Houston surpassed San Antonio's population. And the city has never given up the top spot since. The Bayou City could pass Chicago as the U.S.'s third largest city by 2030. RELATED: How long until Houston passes Chicago as the nation's 3rd largest city? Nationwide, the data show some interesting findings about where people have moved throughout history. For example, Spring Garden, Penn., was once of the nation's biggest cities. Click through the slideshow above to see some of the most populous cites throughout history.
1. Profitability Indicator Ratios: Introduction 2. Profitability Indicator Ratios: Profit Margin Analysis 3. Profitability Indicator Ratios: Effective Tax Rate 4. Profitability Indicator Ratios: Return On Assets 5. Profitability Indicator Ratios: Return On Equity 6. Profitability Indicator Ratios: Return On Capital Employed By Richard Loth (Contact \| Biography) This ratio indicates how profitable a company is by comparing its net income to its average shareholders' equity. The return on equity ratio (ROE) measures how much the shareholders earned for their investment in the company. The higher the ratio percentage, the more efficient management is in utilizing its equity base and the better return is to investors. As of December 31, 2005, with amounts expressed in millions, Zimmer Holdings had net income of $732.5 (income statement), and average shareholders' equity of $4,312.7 (balance sheet). By dividing, the equation gives us an ROE of 17% for FY 2005. If the company has issued preferred stock, investors wishing to see the return on just common equity may modify the formula by subtracting the preferred dividends, which are not paid to common shareholders, from net income and reducing shareholders' equity by the outstanding amount of preferred equity. Widely used by investors, the ROE ratio is an important measure of a company's earnings performance. The ROE tells common shareholders how effectively their money is being employed. Peer company, industry and overall market comparisons are appropriate; however, it should be recognized that there are variations in ROEs among some types of businesses. In general, financial analysts consider return on equity ratios in the 15-20% range as representing attractive levels of investment quality. While highly regarded as a profitability indicator, the ROE metric does have a recognized weakness. Investors need to be aware that a disproportionate amount of debt in a company's capital structure would translate into a smaller equity base. Thus, a small amount of net income (the numerator) could still produce a high ROE off a modest equity base (the denominator). For example, let's reconfigure Zimmer Holdings' debt and equity numbers to illustrate this circumstance. If we reduce the company's equity amount by $2 million and increase its long-term debt by a corresponding amount, the reconfigured debt-equity relationship will be (figures in millions) $2,081.6 and $2,682.8, respectively. Zimmer's financial position is obviously much more highly leveraged, i.e., carrying a lot more debt. However, its ROE would now register a whopping 27.3% ($732.5 ÷ $2,682.8), which is quite an improvement over the 17% ROE of the almost debt-free FY 2005 position of Zimmer indicated above. Of course, that improvement in Zimmer's profitability, as measured by its ROE, comes with a price...a lot more debt. The lesson here for investors is that they cannot look at a company's return on equity in isolation. A high, or low, ROE needs to be interpreted in the context of a company's debt-equity relationship. The answer to this analytical dilemma can be found by using the return on capital employed (ROCE) ratio. Profitability Indicator Ratios: Return On Capital Employed Related Articles 1. Investing How Return On Equity Can Help You Find Profitable Stocks 2. Investing High Return On Equity Businesses 3. Investing Analyzing BP's Return on Equity (ROE) Examine the return on equity (ROE) for British Petroleum, the slumping international energy company that seems to be falling behind its competitors. 4. Investing Analyzing UPS's Return on Equity (ROE) (UPS) Learn about UPS's return on equity (ROE), an important metric for investors. It is useful to compare the historical ROE and in relation to peers. 5. Investing Decoding DuPont Analysis 6. Investing Analyzing Google's Return on Equity (ROE) (GOOGL) 7. Investing ROA And ROE Give Clear Picture Of Corporate Health Both measure performance, but sometimes they tell a very different story. This is why they’re best used together. 8. Investing What Are The Main Differences Between Return On Equity (ROE) and Return On Assets? Return on equity and return on assets are important measures for evaluating how well a company manages the capital its shareholders entrust to it. 9. Managing Wealth Understanding the DuPont Analysis DuPont analysis measures assets at their gross book value, rather than at net book value, in order to produce a higher return on equity (ROE). 10. Investing Analyzing Amazon's Return on Equity (ROE) (AMZN) Frequently Asked Questions 1. What's the Best Way to Contact Warren Buffett? 2. What is the Financial Services Sector? Trading Center
What is Orthodontics? Orthodontics is just one of many dental specialty fields and it actually is a Greek word that is translated to meaning straight teeth. The main purpose of orthodontics is to diagnose and treat jaw and tooth misalignments, and many years ago orthodontics were heavily geared towards only young children and teenagers, but now in today’s age everyone who wants braces or orthodontic treatment can get it, and more and more adults are doing this today. When it comes down to it having straight teeth has a lot of health advantages including the facts that your teeth become much easier to clean which elicits better oral hygiene, and of course you have a much better smile with straight teeth. It is a lot better to start your orthodontic treatment when you are younger because you can heal your problems a lot faster at younger ages, and the minimum age for getting orthodontic treatment typically is around seven years old. What oral issues can orthodontics help treat? Orthodontics is a very great branch of dentistry that is sometimes used alone and sometimes combined with other branches of dentistry like cosmetic dentistry to help treat all types of oral ailments. The following is a list of some of the common conditions that orthodontics will typically help people with: • Anteroposterior deviations — This means that there is some type of problem with the ways in which closed jaws interact with one another, and an example of this would be an overbite or an under bite. • Overcrowding — This is a really common problem within orthodontics and it pretty much is when there simply isn’t enough room for adult teeth to grow properly in one’s mouth. • Aesthetic problems — even just one misaligned teeth can mess up a perfect straight smile and so this is something that orthodontists will work on a lot just to make sure the patients have perfect smiles by the time they are done with treatment. Orthodontic Solutions Orthodontics is a super advanced field of dentistry and helps people with all sorts of problems, generally cosmetic, and they will end up doing a whole bunch of procedures like x-rays and bite impressions to make sure that they are getting to the very nature of each individual’s oral problem. Once an orthodontist has made his or her diagnosis of a patient there will then be a few options for treatment, and here is a very quick overview of the common treatments that are available within orthodontics: • Fixed orthodontic braces — This is where you get braces that have the metal bases attached to each tooth, and you also will get the wire going through each bracket, and by adjusting the wire frequently the orthodontist can manipulate the teeth to straighten up, and when it’s all over the braces will be removed • Removable appliances — there are so many different forms of applications that patients can use with their orthodontic treatments, including something like headgear that helps with overbites and things like that, and these also include retainers and facemasks as well. • Invisalign — This is a really new type of removable braces that are actually transparent so you can’t tell that you are wearing them at all, and they are something that you can take out whenever you are eating and things like that so these definitely are pretty modern and advanced.
Our solar system 1 / 17 Our Solar System - PowerPoint PPT Presentation • Uploaded on Our Solar System. The Solar System. S olar system- the sun and all planets and other bodies that travel around it P lanet any of the primary bodies that orbit the Sun Scientists have long debated the origins of the solar system. Nebular Hypothesis. Download Presentation PowerPoint Slideshow about ' Our Solar System' - lalo Presentation Transcript The solar system The Solar System Solar system- the sun and all planets and other bodies that travel around it Planet any of the primary bodies that orbit the Sun • Scientists have long debated the origins of the solar system. Nebular hypothesis Nebular Hypothesis Solar nebula- rotating cloud of gas and dust from which the sun and planets formed • In 1796, French mathematician Pierre Simon, advanced a hypothesis now known as the nebular hypothesis. • Modern scientific calculations support this theory • The sun is composed of about 99% of all of the matter that was contained in the solar nebula. Formation of planets Formation of Planets Planetesimal- small body from which a planet originated in the early stages of development of the solar system • While the sun was forming in the center of the solar nebula, planets were forming in the outer regions. • Some planetesimals joined together through collisions and through the force of gravity to form larger bodies called protoplanets. • Growing and condensing into planets and moons approx. 5bya. Inner planets Inner Planets • Also known as terrestrial planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. • The features of a newly formed planet depended on the distance between the planet and the Sun. • The inner planets are smaller, rockier, and denser than the outer planets. • Lighter elements may have been blow or boiled away by the sun Outer planets Outer Planets • Also known as gas giants: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. • These outer planets formed far from the sun and therefore were cold. • They did not lose their lighter elements, such as helium and hydrogen, or their ices, such as water ice, methane ice, and ammonia ice. • The intense heat and pressure in the planet's interiors melted the ice to form layers of liquids and gases. Early models of the solar system Early Models of the Solar System • Aristotle suggested an Earth-centered, or geocentric, model of the solar system. In this model, the sun, the stars, an the planets revolved around Earth. Early models of the solar system1 Early Models of the Solar System • Ptolemy proposed changes to Aristotle’s model. He thought that planets moved in small circles, called epicycles, as they revolved in larger circles around Earth. Early models of the solar system2 Early Models of the Solar System • Copernicus proposed a sun-centered, or heliocentric, model of the solar system. • In this model, the planets revolved around the sun in the same direction, but different speeds and distances from the sun. Kepler s laws Kepler’s Laws Law of Ellipses • Each planet orbits the sun in a path called an ellipse, not in a circle. • An ellipse is a closed curve whose shape is determined by two points, or foci, within the ellipse. • In planetary orbits, one focus is located within the sun. • Elliptical orbits vary in shape. • Eccentricity-- the degree of elongation of an elliptical orbit Kepler s laws1 Kepler’s Laws Law of Equal Areas • Equal areas are covered in equal amounts of time as an object orbits the sun. • When the object is near the sun, it moves relatively rapidly. When the object is far from the sun, it moves relatively slowly. Kepler s laws2 Kepler’s Laws Law of Periods orbital period the time required for a body to complete a single orbit • The law of periods describes the relationship between the average distance of a planet from the sun and the orbital period of the planet. Newton s model of orbits Newton’s Model of Orbits • Gravity is an attractive force that exists between any two objects in the universe. • The gravitational pull is strongest closer to the sun, and weakest further from the sun. • While gravity pulls an object towards the sun, inertia keeps the object moving forward in a straight line. This forms the ellipse of a stable orbit. • Inertia- tendency of objects to resist being moved or, if moving, to resist a change in speed or direction unless an outside force acts on the object Newton discovers the force gravity. Important terms Important Terms Rotation- the spin of a body on its axis; constitutes day and night. Revolution - the length of time it takes to travel around the Sun constitutes a year Astronomical Unit (AU)- the average distance between the Sun and Earth; used to measure the large scale of the solar system approx. 14,959,800 km (93,000,000 miles) Light Year- the distance light travels in one year Planets outside o ur neighborhood Planets Outside Our Neighborhood • Exoplanets are planets that circle stars other than Earth’s sun. • Exoplanets cannot be directly observed with telescopes or planets. • Most exoplanets can be detected only because their gravity tugs on stars that they orbit. • All of the exoplanets that have been identified are larger than Saturn because current technology can only detect large planets.
Ethical Economics, Not Ethics vs. Economics Economics concentrators are often characterized as robots completely devoid of ethics, chasing professional ambitions that are as sterile and soulless as they are. Authors, including in these pages, have written that human ethics are incompatible with good economic policy. This line of argument claims that our economic logic should be free from our personal values, and we must prevent our moral judgments from “getting in the way” of objective decisions. This logic is flawed. A general call to keep our values out of economics assumes they are inherently problematic and gives us no way to use them productively. Instead, it ignores nuances in economic theory and fails to place the “head versus heart” conflict within its proper historical context. The issue is not that facts and subjective values are fighting, with one side dominating the other. In fact, there should not be a fight in the first place. Economic science procures facts, which are then shifted down the assembly line and scrutinized through the lens of our ethics. People can disagree over ethics. Some people hold strong ethical beliefs, and others have only weak moral inclinations. It is not the strength of one’s feelings that matters, but rather that they fulfill their proper role in the decision making process. An intellectual infrastructure for that already exists. Economists distinguish between “positive” and “normative” judgments. Positive judgments are testable and predicated on objective facts. Normative judgments weigh those facts according to subjective personal values. Although Enlightenment-era economics was normative and philosophical, contemporary economics is a precise and quantitative science that seeks to determine what happens in the world under a particular set of assumptions. Policymakers, political philosophers, and ordinary citizens can then evaluate those occurrences according to their own normative judgments and determine whether they find them desirable. Although “bleeding-heart” liberals who tend to favor equality over efficiency are often accused of muddling objectivity with emotion, it is perfectly reasonable to voluntarily sacrifice some efficiency to achieve greater equality. Whether it is actually desirable is a matter of ethics and personal philosophy, but philosophical differences about economic scenarios shouldn’t be dismissed as a confused, emotional approach to economics. Responsible economic scholarship requires assigning positive and normative judgments separate roles in the policymaking process. They do not simply trade off; they have entirely different jobs. At the same time, acknowledging their differences should not become a totalizing narrative or the entirety of our understanding of economic policy. Some critics of raising the minimum wage make that mistake when they frame the debate as a conflict between the economic benefits of corporate profits and an ethical aversion to supporting the existence of low wage labor. In fact, most respected economists who disagree on the minimum wage do so for different reasons. Their dispute centers more on the magnitude of the policy’s impact and whether the policy benefits some people more than it harms others. Economists who oppose the minimum wage claim that it is actually an example of a policy for which efficiency and equity overlap surprisingly well. Every intro economics textbook contains a simple graph that depicts an effective price floor. If the government mandates that some good be sold only above a certain price, and it would otherwise sometimes be sold below that price, there will be a surplus of the good. The minimum wage is effectively a price floor on labor. If the government says that people cannot be employed under a certain wage, lower-skilled people (often young people or minorities) won’t be employed at all. A surplus of labor is called unemployment, and it will disproportionately harm those who have the lowest skill levels and are already most disadvantaged in the job market. In fact, the desire to shut minorities out of the job market was historically one of the main reasons Progressive-era policymakers pushed for a high minimum wage. This intro-econ version of the argument is certainly an oversimplification. But the crucial point is that, for opponents of the minimum wage, an ethical concern for the poor can coincide with a pursuit of economic efficiency. Characterizing the minimum wage debate as a conflict between efficiency and ethics is an irresponsible analysis of a complex academic debate. By failing to account for the theoretical context of the debate and its historical ties to oppression, the example makes a caricature of a serious policy inquiry and could harm the very people who need the most help. Good economic policy is informed by both facts and subjective moral judgments. While they do not simply “trade off,” policymakers should strive to separate the two by first procuring facts and then judging their value. At the same time, that process is not all that is required of economic policy. We must embrace complexity where it exists and deviate from simple narratives when they fail to explain the nuances of the economic dilemmas we face. Laura M. Nicolae ’20 lives in Winthrop House. Recommended Articles
KesuKhadda i.e Wormhole A representation of a wormhole A wormhole is a hypothetical topological feature of space time that would be, fundamentally, a “shortcut” through space time. Technically, wormholes would allow travel from one part of the universe to another part of that same universe very quickly or would allow travel from one universe to another. And the above paragraph has been copied from wikipedia , if anyone had any doubts about us actually defining the ‘wormhole’ by ourselves.. And to figure out why we actually did, what we did, read on. . “Hey! Do you think Hawking may be right about the life in other planet theory? Do you really think that those species will exist below the ice and never know about outer space?” Nikki, a tall girl of about 17 asked asked her friends Nisha and Nicky. The three friends Nicky,Nikki and Nisha were coming back from coaching. It was late but the teachers never seemed to let the students go home early. So they decided to walk together. “No. Not possible. No sun. So how will they produce Carbon?” Nisha said shaking her head. “Oh God! Again with your Carbon theory! Who is talking about Earth life?” “No. No. You will need Carbon to produce DNA right?” Nisha was sure of her theory. Nikki turned to face Nisha. “You are impossible! That is our definition of life. The DNA thing. But life will not mean only that. Maybe there are totally different elements that we cannot even imagine about.” “Okay. I get you point. Now can we please go? My mom will kill me if I reach late!” Nisha said looking worried. So they hastened their pace. Little did they know that their next destination, was going to be as far away from home as one could imagine! In Nicky’s head the song played- I’m on a highway to hell…. Oooh i love that song. “Muwahahahaahah!” came the laughter of some strident voice from the corner. The laughter reeked of evilness. Nikki opened her eyes slowly to look at some white bright light. Looking around she found that the whole place was made up of some kind of metal. “Aluminium?” she thought. She couldn’t find the source of the voice. She searched for Nisha but she was nowhere to be seen. Suddenly the person with the voice appeared from nowhere. “What are you looking for?” the voice said. Nikki still couldn’t make out the person because of all the light but it surely was a female’s voice. “Where am I?” she asked. “Oh you are just in my spaceship and we are outside the black hole. Come I will show you. The sight is awesome and I can show you all kinds of things in space.” Nikki laughed at the absurdness of the sentence. “Are you crazy?” Then as an afterthought she added.“Is that you Nisha? Why are you making that strange voice? Just stop kidding and tell me what this place is. You cannot fool me. I am not stupid. Near a black hole she says.” She laughed again. This simple line seemed to snap something. The person came out of the flood of light and shoved Nikki to the corner. That was definitely not Nisha. “How dare you talk to me like that?” Nikki , now feeling scared for the 1st time , tried to make out the face of their “supposed to be evil kidnapper” . . . And what she saw, left her speechless. . Nikki tried to find her voice after discovering the truth about their kidnapper, “Nicky?? Is it you ? What is wrong with you? Whats with all this rubbish? We were supposed to be heading home!! And what’s wrong with your voice?” and she spotted Nisha lying near her still unconscious. “What the hell is going on?” she thought. “I am the person who will unviel the secrets of the universe! Think twice before saying me anything. And btw, i needed my lab rats didn’t I? So here you are, don’t worry. . I won’t cut you up. . I have never been interested in biology anyways!” All Nikki did was stare at the girl in front of her. Then she asked, “I am sorry, but are you sure you are not crazy? Because belive me, i m sure you will convince all the doctors at an asylum that you are.” She did not answer Nikki. Her face clearly indicated rage. She took a few steps back constantly eyeing Nikki and pressed some buttons that were present in a dashboard. Nikki had not noticed that before. “Now that’s weird.” she thought. A few minutes passed. Nothing happened. Nikki searched for her cell phone to call the cops. Then slowly the walls moved revealing a glass window. She moved forward for a closer look. All she could see was blackness. As her eyes adjusted she saw a big ball of fire further ahead. The Sun? Nisha regained her conciousness just then and looked at Nikki, and knew by her expression that she was equally surprised as her. . And also that . . They were in a spaceship in front of a BLACKHOLE. to be cont…. P.S. kesukhadda literally means wormhole- in the Assamese language. 8 responses to “KesuKhadda i.e Wormhole 1. the initial part was really nice…. but the next part was a bit wavy… and till the end i was thinking what happened!! found it confusing but waiting for the “KESUKHADDA 2” or “THE RETURN OF KESUKHADDA (lol!!)”… keep it going… good job… P.S. didn’t understand why Nirmali was tagged for… 2. They made the story in school taking the personality of their close friends (actually this story was made by more or less four people). Nirmali is one of those. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s
Passing on Responsibility So take the following to be true. Human beings have minds that operate as an alive system that brings up thoughts within people. So in this, imagine a couple of people. A man and a woman. For this example you can also imagine, a man and a man, or a woman and a woman. So these two people have a relationship, like we all have a relationship to someone. The nature of this relationship you can decide. But here is the situation: Both people have given their responsibilities to their mind. But they believe that their partner, the other person, is taking responsibility for them. In other words, they believe that they are giving responsibility to the other person for helping them, when in reality they gave their responsibility to their individual minds. So you have the minds of the two people, these bring up thoughts within them, about what to do, say etc… And you have the people believing that the other person is taking care of them. The only thing that is missing is that each person is not taking responsibility for their individual self. In this example, what will happen, would you say? I want you to gather all of your knowledge and history of every single relationship that has ever existed. This includes fictional relationships in movies, stories, books, as well as real life experiences. This can include your relationships to parents, friends, teachers, coworkers, bosses, everyone. So what happens when you give responsibility for who you are to another person? So what is your answer? My answer is that you cannot function, that you feel lost/separated, and you lack direction. Now imagine the same situation, but you are alone. So you have given your responsibility to a part of yourself, the mind. What happens? My answer is the same thing. That you cannot function, that you feel lost/separated, and you don’t have direction. Sooooo, now imagine you have both happening at the same time. You have given responsibility to your mind, and you seek someone else to take responsibility for you, and you seek to take responsibility for someone else. So your focus is on taking responsibility for other people. So your ideal partner would be someone that is not taking responsibility for him/herself. This reveals then an important lesson, that the people we hold relations with reveal the kind of person we are. Do you think that a person in this kind of situation would ever step out of it, and take responsibility for their individual self? Have you met these kind of people? Are you one of these people? Are you someone that passes your responsibility to something or someone else?
Apollo 11 1) nasa had an incident with Apollo 1. They were testing lift off when the cockpit caught fire. All three of the pilots died. 2) A command module stayed off of the moon while the lunar module landed on the moon 3) Apollo 8 orbited around the moon for 20 hours.
Gov: Politics and Government Knowing about government is important for many different reasons. In a democracy like the United States, all citizens have an equal right to participate in politics, and many do so by voting in elections. It is important for voters to be informed about the issues and candidates that affect their everyday lives. This means that you are not just going to make your voting decision on a speech or television program that you see. You are going to be able to have a clear understanding of the different policies which are in place and you can compare one party to another, ensuring you make the right decision for you. Learning about government provides a foundation for making informed choices in elections. There are many different reasons why we study government and it is mainly to have a clear understanding of how things operate and to ensure that improvements can be made in the future. It gives us the knowledge and puts us in a position to know more about the ins and outs of government. Learning about government ensures that we can make a difference and can control the future of our country, including political movements and government decision making. Government serves many purposes. Among the most important are maintaining public order, protecting life and property, and providing public goods. Living in violent times, Hobbes and Locke emphasized the need for government to preserve order and protect people’s lives and property. Without such protection, people would be condemned to live in fear and danger of death. Governments are equally concerned with providing a wide range of public goods to their citizens. Public goods have two key characteristics. First, more than one person can consume them without reducing the amount available to others. Second, once a public good is made available, all people have the right to use it. Consider streetlamps. If you walk under a streetlamp, you do not reduce the ability of others to use its light. After being installed, a streetlamp shines its light on everyone. Governments throughout history have had two key powers that are essential for providing protection and public goods. These two building blocks of government are a means of coercion and a means of collecting revenue. Coercion refers to the various ways in which government can use its power to force citizens to behave in certain ways. This includes the police, the courts, and the prison system. Governments use the threat of arrest and punishment to maintain public order and keep people secure in their homes and in public spaces. The second building block is a means of collecting revenue. All governments need money to provide security and pay for public goods. They generally get that money from the people they govern or control through taxation. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s %d bloggers like this:
Contact Us Grammar Myths Debunked Grammar Myths Debunked Dec 16, 2012 - Posted to Writing in General For most people, the world of grammar can be a mysterious place. There are hundreds, if not thousands, of rules you have to memorize that cover everything from verb conjugation to spelling changes to run-on sentences. It's not surprising, then, that there are also lots of misconceptions about grammar. Advice that's outdated or just plain incorrect gets picked up and passed along from student to student, and often even in the classroom. Below you'll find ten of these grammar myths along with advice on how to avoid making these common writing mistakes. Myth #1. A sentence can't end with a preposition. This is a big one. Most of us are taught in school that we shouldn't end sentences with prepositions, for example, instead of "What is that tool used for?" we would say "For what is that tool used?" (Remember, a preposition is a word that describes the temporal or spatial relationship between things, for example before, under, around, for, and at). The myth of the sentence-ending preposition can be traced back to a 17th century poet and playwright named John Dryden who claimed that English sentences shouldn't end in prepositions because it violated Latin grammar rules. Over a hundred years later, the 18th century bishop Robert Lowth would popularize the rule by including it in his widely-read grammar book. The problem with this rule, however, is that English isn't derived from Latin. It's Germanic, the same language family as German, Dutch, and Afrikaans, and in these languages it's perfectly acceptable to end sentences with a preposition. In fact, most style guides will allow for a preposition at the end of a sentence as long as it's necessary to keep the meaning of the sentence intact. For example, in the sentence "Where are you going to?" the preposition to isn't necessary; the sentence still makes sense if it reads "Where are you going?" Therefore, that preposition should be left out. On the other hand, in the example from above, "What is that tool used for?" the sentence wouldn't make sense without the preposition: "What is the tool used?" In this example, the preposition can stay. Myth #2. None is always singular Words that describe groups can be tricky to conjugate. For example, the collective noun class can be either singular or plural, depending on how it's used: The class is going to be meeting 15 minutes late today. (Singular, because the class is acting as a whole.) The class got out their pencils and got ready for the test. (Plural, because the members of the class are acting as individuals.) This ambiguity can be especially troublesome with nouns like everyone, no one, and all when it's unclear who or how many things they refer to. None is a prime example of this problem. Most students are taught that the word none replaces the phrase not one, and should therefore be singular. For example, if you'd say "Not one cousin is coming to my wedding," then it would make sense to say "None of my cousins is coming to my wedding." But the word none is actually derived from an old English phrase that means no people or not one of a group of things, which makes none plural. If we say "Not one of my cousins are coming to my wedding" or "no people are coming to my wedding," then it makes more sense to say "None of my cousins are coming to my wedding." The only time none should be singular is when it refers to an uncountable noun (a noun that is measured as an amount instead of a number). For example, you would say "None of the milk has spilled" (singular has) instead of "None of the milk have spilled" (plural have). Myth #3. You should never use passive voice. Passive voice is frowned on in many types of academic writing because it can lead to wordy and vague sentences. When you say "Hamlet's mother is blamed for her husband's death," you've left out vital information: who is doing the blaming? It's much more clear to simply state "Hamlet blames his mother for his father's death." However, there are some circumstances in which it's acceptable to use passive voice. The biggest exception to the "active voice only" rule is scientific writing. When writing about original investigative work, the use of the passive voice is often encouraged to create distance between the author and the results and to make the work seem impartial. So, in science writing you would write "The treatment was applied three times daily" instead of "We applied the treatment three times daily." The passive voice can also be used if the person performing the action isn't known. For example, you might say "My car was hit in the parking lot last night," because you don't know who hit your car. Myth #4. A sentence can't start with a conjunction. This rule is another favorite of English teachers everywhere: never start a sentence with a conjunction. Conjunctions are the words and, but, or, nor, yet, and so that are usually used to join independent clauses (clauses that can stand alone as sentences). For example, "My parents are going to see a play, but my sister and I plan to stay home" or "The fire was out, so we went to get more wood." Your English teacher probably told you that that's all conjunctions are good for, but in fact there's nothing technically wrong with starting a sentence with a conjunction. You can write "My sister doesn't plan on going to the dance with anyone, but I think we can change her mind" or "My sister doesn't plan on going to the dance with anyone. But I think we can change her mind." Both sentences are correct. Whether or not to use conjunctions at the start of a sentence is more of style choice than an issue of grammatical accuracy. Starting a sentence with and or but can add emphasis to a sentence, but it will also make your work seem more informal. Therefore, in academic writing it's generally better not to start sentences with a conjunction even though it's technically correct. Myth #5. Infinitives can't be split. As with the sentence-ending preposition rule, the ban on split infinitives comes from an incorrect reliance on the grammatical rules of Latin. In Latin, the unconjugated form of a verb (the infinitive) is one word, so obviously it can't be split. In English, however, the infinitive is formed using the form to + verb, making it possible to add modifiers between the two words. For example to quickly drive and to carefully describe are both split infinitives In the 19th century, Henry Alford, a Latin scholar, wrote a popular grammar book that included a ban on split infinitives. The rule became popular in classrooms, but most grammarians and linguists say there's no basis for it, and most style guides will allow it. In fact, it often sounds better when the infinitive is split: "He wanted to quietly tell his sister that he needed her advice" is easier to read than "He wanted to tell his sister quietly that he needed her advice." Myth #6. Whose can only refer to people. We all know that whose is the possessive form of who. That's why we say things like "Whose shirt is that?" and "The girl, whose car had broken down, had to walk." But did you know that whose has historically also been the possessive form of what? For example, it's correct to say "The house, whose front door was wide open, had been abandoned." Often students are told that instead they need to say "The house, the front door of which was wide open, had been abandoned" even though it's clumsy and hard to read. So, while both are technically correct, using whose as the possessive of what will keep your writing clear and concise. Myth #7. They can never be used as a single person, gender neutral pronoun. This last one is tricky, because even professional linguists and grammarians can't agree on what to do about gender neutral pronouns. It's simple enough when you have a singular subject with a known gender because you can use either he or she, for example "If my sister doesn't hurry up, she'll be late for the concert" or "When my brother wants a new couch, he can buy mine." Problems arise, though, if the gender of the subject is unknown because English has no gender-neutral pronoun. This ambiguity leaves you with two choices: the clumsy phrase he or she or the plural pronoun they: "If the student doesn't hurry up, he or she will be late for the concert." or "If the student doesn't hurry up, they will be late for the concert." English teachers will tell you that the first is correct, even if it sounds awkward, but that convention is slowly changing. Most style guides will now give you leeway to choose, and the use of the word they is already accepted in conversation and informal writing. English is an every-changing language, and this is one of those rules that's on its way out. back to all posts comments powered by Disqus First order Second order Check All Offers One-time offer: 5% discount! use VWTPMTF5 code SPECIAL OFFER - check the Discount here
Photograph courtesy Al Jazeera Many Sri Lankans trace the ethnic problem back to the movement for ‘Sinhala Only’ and the passage of the Official Language Act in 1956. In fact, the problemneeds to be traced back to at least the first year of Independence in which over one million people of recent Indian origin but well settled in the plantation districts, were deprived of citizenship and voting rights. Perhaps the conflicts need to be traced further back to the anti-Muslim riots of 1915. Curiously, the Sri Lankan Tamil leadership (with a few exceptions) as well as the Muslim leadership weresupportive of the acts against the Up Country Tamils, and the Sri Lankan Tamil leadership was also indifferent to the plight of the Muslim victimsof the 1915 riots. In fact, in the first general electionafter Up Country Tamils were deprived of citizenship and franchise rights, the Tamil party which opposed these acts was routed in the North and East. In the years that followed, Up Country Tamilshave faced discrimination on many fronts; moreover, in all the anti-Tamil pogroms they were the most vulnerable and suffered greatly. When Justice ceases to be the Mainspring of Law One of the main themes in our paper is that while the Citizenship Acts were a great injustice inflicted on the Up Country Tamils, we did far more long term harm to ourselves. It is fear of justice that our national leaders manifested in the run up to independence. The independence constitution was a coup by an unrepresentative State Council that scuppered elections due in early 1941 with British connivance, and functioned like Jayewardene’s long parliament. India’s poets Bharathy and Tagore and leaders, particularly Gandhi, Ambedkar and Nehru, reflected and spoke with deep conviction on means of justice for the diverse multitudes in independent India. Such voices here were ominously stilled in the torpor of the 1940s. The Ceylon Constitution (Order in Council), or the Soulbury Constitution, approved by the State Council in November 1945 had the provision 37 (f) that reserved for the Governor the right to withhold his assent from any bill that invokes serious apprehensions of injustice or oppression in any ‘racial or religious community’.However the Sinhalese nationalist leaders, were then all sweetness and there was a general belief that 37 (f) which would lapse when the British left was amply covered by Section 29, which barred discriminatory legislation. This expectation was legitimate as Roman law, which forms the base of our legal system, places great emphasis on the written law. In the Roman tradition, as in monarchical France, judges were instruments rather than interpreters of the law. Whence, Judge Sivagnanasunderam of the Kegalle District Court declared the Citizenship Act ultra vires the Constitution as violating Section 29. Prime Minister Senanayake despaired enough to seek advice from Sir Ivor Jennings. In 1951the Supreme Court, which deemed itself more capable than the ‘inferior court’ of ‘rendering complete and effectual justice,’ held that the Citizenship and Franchise Acts were unassailable as acts of parliament as they were linguistically compatible ‘and, therefore, their practical effect and the motive for their enactment are irrelevant.’S.J.V. Chelvanayakam and S. Nadesan had pleaded without effect that ‘The point is what the statute does and not what it says.’ The Privy Council in 1953 supported the Supreme Court’s ruling. Not because it deemed the impugned Acts good, but it was to do with the Roman distinction between Natural Law and what the French jurist Jean Domat called Arbitrary Law. The first was divine and universal and the latter man-made and often unjust, such as slavery. By the 18th Century, English courts discouraged slavery as having no precedent in English law, but requiring legislative provision as a positive or Arbitrary Law. While England fought shy of bad laws, they were allowed as positive laws in the Dominions, whose Whites Only legal systems became the panacea for our leaders. The Privy Council saw our Citizenship Act as a positive law acceptable among a nation of deficient people. The nullification of the legal protection of the minorities was in effect the suicide of our judiciary. The Sinhala Only Act was passed in the same spirit of crude majoritarianism. But a singular judicial rebellion occurred, which we have successfully buried. As the Kegalle District Court’s judgment was in response to K.G. Nair’s appeal to restore his franchise, Kodeeswaran appealed for his salary increments denied under Sinhala Only. Judge O.L. de Kretzer’s ruling on 24th April 1964 was devastating to the Government. In ruling Sinhala Only to be bad in law, he brought us back to our roots in Roman law. Contrary to the 1951 Supreme Court’s ruling that the practical effect of a law and motivations for its enactment are irrelevant, de Kretzer ruled that that ‘the purpose of an Act must be found in its natural operation and effect’ and it therefore violated Section 29, our written law. De Kretzer could not be ignored as he was a senior judge due for promotion to the Supreme Court. It took a supposedly progressive government, whose intellectual veneer was provided by the Left, to evade the legal issue by inserting Sinhala Only as a positive law in the 1972 Constitution. Way back in 1940, Legal Secretary Drayton, who understood prudent limits to positive law, warned the State Council that to take away the franchise of Up Country Tamils given under the law in the Donoughmore Constitution would be a grave matter. How grave we now know in hindsight. Drayton’s warning was lost on Jayewardene, who turned repressive positive laws into an art of governance from 1978. The PTA, the deprivation of Mrs. Bandaranaike’s civic rights and his long parliament are examples. As for our sovereignty, the cause of decades of bloodletting and hot air, China’s control of the port and environs in Hambantota has disturbing echoes of the British consolidation of Hong Kong in 1898. Attorney General Rose in supporting the Citizenship Act, stated, “In Ceylon, as in England, an administratively discriminatory Act is not an infringement of the Constitution.” In using this proposition to expungecursorily Up Country Tamils from the electoral rolls, we lost all sense of shame. It was part of the colonial framework of administrative impunity, which routinely recruited whites to positions over well-qualified natives. British administrators were at least careful not to use it retroactively to deprive someone of a legally acquired right as the vote. The old time administrator who thought through problems, and was answerable for his actions has disappeared. They became mediocre creatures of ministers and cronies in the hierarchy; used to implement, outside the law, racially discriminatory measures in public appointments and university admissions. Those familiar with the decay of our university system know the futility of seeking remedy in our courts for abuse of power by vice chancellors and administrators. Administrators are routinely expected to lie for their superiors or face unpleasant repercussions. District Judges Sivagnanasunderam and de Kretzer, who were exceptional to cross swords with the judicial and political hierarchy, areforgotten figures in our legal history. While their crucial judgments stand vindicated, they remain hard to get hold of. The substance of de Kretzer’s ruling cited is from Dr. Nihal Jayawickrema’s 2016 Dr. P.R. Anthonis memorial lecture, a welcome tribute from a misunderstood contemporary. The saga of Up Country Tamils ties up with our current pathological fear of foreign judges. One could safely say that judges with a scholarly reputation, which they are anxious to protect, would seldom go wrong. The broader implications and responsibilities of Justice, as Cicero understood, call upon us to be world citizens: “And there will not be different laws at Rome and at Athens, or different laws now and in the future, but one eternal; and unchangeable law will be valid for all nations and all times.” That is the great Roman law tradition we have lost. It was this tradition that amidst pressures of colonialism in the Eighteenth Century, impelled courts in Britain and France towards blindness to race and colour. There is much we could have learnt from them, which sadly, we have not. We must remember that the Up Country Tamils ironically remained British subjects long after being robbed of Ceylon citizenship. Affirmative Action/Reverse Discrimination The Up-Country Tamils yet display characteristics attributed by Nigerian anthropologist John U. Ogbu to “Involuntary Minorities” across the globe in a publication in 1991.[1] Their social indicators on issues such as education, literacy, employment, health, mortality rates and a range of other factors remain significantly lower than the rest of the population. The Up Country Tamils need an array of affirmative action and reverse discrimination programs including quota intakes into selected educational and training institutions as well as employment categories for a limited period, say for a decade or so, and extra preference in selection to colonization and village expansion schemes. Although this community has been predominantly engaged in plantation agriculture, they have been deliberately and systematically excluded from colonization and village expansion schemes from 1935 contrary to assurances given under the Donoughmore Constitution of 1931 and the 1923 pact with India. They (citizens by registration) have also been excluded from policies allowing the landless to acquire land through regularization of encroachments, even though very large numbers of other communities (citizens by descent) have become possessors of land through that process. For any affirmative action and reverse discrimination programs to be effective, the Up Country Tamils need to maintain a distinctive identity for some years. The ultimate objective, of course, should be to merge the transient census categories of so called “Indian Tamils” and of so called “Sri Lankan Tamils.” In all this it is important to work out programs in consultation with Up Country Tamils and their leaders. [1] Immigrant and Involuntary Minorities in Comparative Perspective” in Margret A Gibson and John U Ogbu (eds). Minority Status and Schooling, New York and London: Garland Publishing. ICES Joint Presentation on Paper Submitted to ‘Up-country Tamils: Charting a New Future’, Colombo 3rd August 2017.
Fibromyalgia, a rheumatic disorder Protected by Copyscape Unique Content Check Published: 10th April 2009 Views: N/A What is Fibromyalgia or FMS? People suffering from FMS will wake up feeling tired and lethargic and will experience aching and stabbing muscle pain. These pains often disappear throughout the day. Symptoms of Fibromyalgia may be constant or can disappear and then recur months later. Females are more susceptible to Fibromyalgia than males and FMS often starts to manifest in early adulthood. As with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, FMS is very hard to diagnose as blood tests and x-rays show no abnormalities. Symptoms of Fibromyalgia The most distinctive feature of Fibromyalgia is the existence of "tender points" that specialists use to diagnose and distinguish Fibromyalgia. The "tender points" refer to eighteen specific spots where the muscles will be abnormally tender to the touch. These points are clustered around the neck, shoulders, chest, knees, hips and the elbow region and will include the following:  At the insertion of the second rib  In the middle of the knee joint  Around the lower vertebra of the neck  In muscles of the neck and upper back  In muscles connected to the base of the skull  In muscles of the mid-back  In the upper and outer muscles of the buttocks  On the side of the elbow People who suffer from Fibromyalgia also suffer from various sleep disorders, all of which contribute to the extreme fatigue experienced.  Alpha-EEG anomaly - the individual's deep sleep period is interrupted by bouts of waking-type brain activity, i.e. the person is wide awake for long periods of time and literally cannot shut off their thoughts  Sleep apnea - a condition where the individual will stop breathing for a few seconds and the brain automatically "shocks" the body awake to start breathing  Restless leg syndrome - the individual will complain that as he/she is falling asleep, their legs start to involuntarily twitch and the only way to relieve this is to move the limbs Other disorders common in people suffering from Fibromyalgia:  Headaches  Jaw pain  Menstrual pain  Chemical and/or food allergies  Dizziness and loss of balance  Irritable bowel syndrome  Memory loss and difficulty in concentrating  A sensitivity to bright light and loud noises  Sensitivity to dairy products  Skin sensitivities  Stiffness and pain in the morning and when walking In most cases of FMS, symptoms are severe enough to interfere with daily activities. A number of people suffering from Fibromyalgia are actually disabled by the disorder. What causes Fibromyalgia? The exact cause of FMS is not known. Some experts suggest that the condition is due to low levels of serotonin which is a chemical that transmits messages throughout the brain and the nervous system. Other researchers have found that some patients with Fibromyalgia have extremely high levels of substance P, which is believed to transmit pain messages from the body to the brain. People with FMS are therefore much more sensitive pain-producing stimuli. A severe injury, a weak immune system and long-standing psychological stress are all common factors associated with Fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome have been closely linked and symptoms often overlap each other. How can supplements help me? Chronic pain sufferers tend to have a magnesium deficiency and a magnesium supplement is therefore crucial. Magnesium is important for muscle relaxation and Malic acid should be added as this assists the body with magnesium absorption. St. John's Wort assists in raising serotonin levels which can improve pain tolerance. Evening Primrose oil eases rheumatoid pain. Supplement Recommendations Supplement Dosage Magnesium / Malic acid 150 mg magnesium and 600 mg malic acid twice a day St. John's Wort 300 mg 3 times a day Vitamin C 1000 mg daily Grape Seed extract 100 mg twice a day Evening Primrose oil 1000 mg 3 times a day Other recommendations Eat a well balanced diet that consists of mainly fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, raw nuts and seeds and fish. These foods supply nutrients that renew your energy levels and boost your immune system. Try to eat at least four small meals during the day to keep a constant supply of carbohydrates and proteins available. Carbohydrates and proteins are essential for proper muscle function. Drink plenty of water - at least 8 glasses a day and include fresh fruit and vegetable juices. Liquids help to flush out toxins and assist in reducing muscle spasms and pain. Cut out caffeine and refined sugars found in foods such as chocolates and soft drinks. Include pomegranates and pomegranate juice as this fruit has anti-inflammatory properties. Regular moderate exercise will be beneficial to keep muscles flexible. Please consult your medical practitioner prior to using any herbal medications should you be under their care. Suggestions offered are not intended to replace appropriate medical investigation and treatment. This article is copyright Report this article Ask About This Article More to Explore
Benefits of Math Manipulatives The use of manipulatives in teaching math has a long tradition. Math manipulatives not only allow students to build their own cognitive models for abstract mathematical ideas and processes, but also provide them with a common language with which to communicate these models to the teacher and fellow students. Manipulatives are useful in many ways, and come with several benefits. 2) Manipulatives build long-term interest in mathematics, which then translates to increased mathematical abilityThey use concrete objects to observe, model, and internalize abstract concepts easily. Dice are a great tool to have on hand for math games and activities. There are many types available today, such as these dice in many colors. There are also different sized dice available, such as these large foam dice. Jumbo dice are great for rolling during a class game or for “flashng” to kids to have them call out the number shown. We suggest putting pairs of dice into small clear containers that students can quickly grab and shake while playing games. My favorite type of dice for teaching addition andplaying games are the dice in dice. Playing Cards Playing cards make useful math tools because they have numbers on them. They can be used to teach addition and subtraction through games like addition “war” and subtraction “war”. Playing cards are in traditional decks that you can find at most stores or dollar stores. Teachers would benefit from a set of jumbo playing cards to use for lessons and demonstrations as they provide a large visual for kids. Unifix or Snap Cubes Hundreds Charts Place Value Blocks Compound Interest In Investing Compound Interest in Investing There is a common trait among those who obtain and retain great wealth over a long period of time. This trait is the appreciation of the awesome power of compounding investment returns. It is the source of the colossal wealth of major banks, insurance, and credit card companies in most parts of the world. Those who develop this appreciation, especially when they were young, have an excellent chance of becoming prosperous. Using compound interest to invest can be done in so many ways and in different windows of investment that are available to humans. For instance, you may use this system by setting aside a given amount of money and re-invest it over time, or you may choose to keep on adding more funds into the investment over time. Any serious wealth builder cannot afford to ignore the power of compound interest. If you chose to go the way of compounding, results might appear unimpressive in the early years. Of course, there will always be trinkets, expensive cars and luxuries to lure you from your plans. But, think about this: compound interest is like a daredevil ride in an amusement park. It often starts slowly but ultimately reaches tremendous pace and never stops accelerating. Similarly, the joys of financial freedom far exceed the momentary pleasures of buying all the latest toys. It is definitely worthwhile to persist. How to benefit from compound interest in investing • Start investing early using whatever funds available to you – even is it is just $100. Do not procrastinate as this holds you back. • Learn to be content with satisfied with reasonable rates of return. If you want to chase high returns, it may cause you to take bigger risks with your money. • Have a plan that allows you to save at least 10% of your take home pay for investment every month. Setting up an automatic payroll deduction monthly is an excellent way to accomplish your goals. • Try to pay off your home mortgage as soon as you can. And if possible, go for an open mortgage with no prepayment penalties. The sooner you pay off your mortgage, the less interest you pay. • Also, try not to put yourself in credit card and other high-interest debt. They could become compounding working against you. Start investing early for your children, preferably at birth. Investing early enhances your compounding returns. Check out the following calculator to see how the compound interest can be used to estimate the future value of current investments! Students Learn Effectively with One-on-One Tutoring With one-on-one tutoring, each student can choose a tutor that best suits his or her liking. As a result, the students will stay more focused on their work rather than how much they dislike the tutor. By choosing the right tutoring company that fits your needs, you will be giving you child best gift they can receive: Effective learning! Benefits of one-on-one tutoring After school tutoring is practically the norm today. Even in these economically challenging times, parents still put their children’s educational needs first. They realize that the best gift they can give their child is a good education. That’s why so many choose one-on-one tutoring. Below are the top benefits: 1. Class will never go on without the student. 2. High-quality interaction where students feel heard. With one-on-one tutoring, instructors are committed to listening to the student and actively responding. Though instructors often initiate or organize sessions, conversations are almost always student driven. The student has control over the questions they ask, and the feedback they receive from their instructors. 3. Low stress environment frees students from the fear of failure. Through one-on-one interactions, students learn to trust their instructors and are given a completely safe space to openly share. In classroom settings pressured by peers, some students fear answering questions, making mistakes or taking risks. With caring, considerate online school teachers there is no wrong answer or silly question and students do not have to fear being themselves. 4. Instructors can measure the student’s progress. In a one-on-one relationship, teachers can get to know their student’s fully and keep track of their progress, gauging their successes and struggles. Instructors can then adjust or completely alter lesson plans, deadlines, course projects etc so as to fully serve the student. In self-driven course work, students cannot rely on their peers, copy someone else’s work or fall back on the ideas of others. This highly increases a student’s personal responsibility over their learning, forcing them to take course work seriously and fully master the materials. 6. Eliminates many distractions. Without the distraction of a room full of other people, students can focus all of their attention on their instructor and the material learned. One-on-one tutoring enables the student to use all of their brain power on school and not on the environment around them. 7. Ability to personalize conversations and assignments. Not only are students able to address only the things that they need help, they are also able to mold their conversations with instructors to match their interests. Students can develop their course schedules, projects, test styles etc to match their unique learning styles. Instructors will always align conversations and assignments with what interests and inspires the student. 8. Instructors adapt to the student’s communication style One-on-one interactions give students excellent opportunities to practice conversing with one person at a time. Instructors are also careful to communicate in similar ways that the student does. Students will not have to interpret the decode the lessons, and then figure out after the tutoring session. Instead, communication, sharing of ideas, and questions and answers are molded to the student’s preferences. With Infinity Math Tutoring, you will have a Math Professional on your doorstep. We tailor our math instruction to your individual needs, and provide those services around your unique schedule! Tutoring is on a one-on-one basis, with the same tutor. Tutor rapport and consistency are our primary focuses in helping students master math concepts, quickly!
#113: Blow Bubbles Blow bubbles! If you don’t have bubble mix or a bubble wand, you can make your own. Materials needed: small container (deeper is better than wider) 10 mL (2 tsp) dish soap (Joy and Dawn work well) 60 mL (¼ cup) water 5 mL (1 tsp) glycerine (You don’t have to use it, but it will make the bubbles better. You can buy it in most drug stores.) Thin wire – about 20 cm long (for making a bubble wand) Mix all the ingredients together in the container. To make a bubble wand, bend the wire into a loop (a circle) at one end. (Make the loop about 5cm or 2 1/2 inches across.) You will dip the loop into the soap mixture and then gently blow through the loop to make bubbles. Wrapping yarn around the loop will help it hold more bubble solution. Other bubble wand ideas: use a fly swatter, a hole cut in a plastic lid from a yogurt container, or your hands held in a circle shape. HINT: The bubble mix is better the second day, so if you have the time, make it the day before. This activity promotes joy. #112: Build a car, truck or submarine Using a cardboard box, build yourself a vehicle (a car, truck, submarine or even something else). To make your vehicle bigger, tape two boxes together or use a large fridge box. To make your box look like the vehicle you want, draw or paint the outside. You can use paper plates to make a steering wheel or wheels. Smaller plates or muffin papers taped or glued on will make great headlights. Draw a speedometer and gauges inside the box. For smaller vehicles, cut leg holes in the bottom of the box so you can walk and staple straps onto your vehicle to help hold it up. Cut out a creative and have fun! This activity promotes creativity. #111: Race Sticks Safety First: Rivers can be dangerous. Stay away from the edge as it is easy to slip in and get swept away. Bring an adult or stand on a bridge above the water. Each person drops a stick in the river. See which stick moves the fastest. If you are on a bridge, drop your stick upstream and race to the other side to see whose stick comes out from under the bridge first. Make this a family activity: Each family member races their own stick. Make teams. This activity promotes judgment based on visual clues (where the water seems to run the fastest and will result in your stick moving the fastest and therefore winning). #110: Grow a Vegetable This activity promotes food knowledge, independence and responsibility. #109: Find Cloud Animals Find a nice comfy piece of grass, lay down and check out the clouds. Are there any that look like animals? As the clouds keep moving and changing, see what animals you can see. Is that a dinosaur? Make this a family activity: See what different animals each member of your family sees in a cloud. This activity promotes imagination and shape recognition. #108: Charades One player acts out a word, phrase, movie title, person, or pretty much anything they can think of and the rest of the group tries to guess what they are acting out. The actor cannot speak or make any noises while acting out their charade. The player who guesses correctly gets to act out the next charade. Here are a few ideas to get you started: Man on the moon Milking a cow Making a cake Birthday party Watching a movie Building a sand castle Make this a family activity: Play with the whole family. Make teams and see who wins. This activity promotes imagination, social intelligence and kinesthetic learning. #107: Swtich a Line Read a sentence from one story and then have a friend read a sentence from a different story. Take turns. Sometimes it gets pretty silly! Make it a family activity: Each member reads from their favourite book or magazine. This activity promotes literacy, listening skills as well as reading and listening comprehension skills.
Barry Cunliffe introduced by Tim Whitmarsh By Steppe, Desert and Ocean is nothing less than the story of how humans first started building the globalised world we know today. Set on a huge continental stage from Europe to China, Barry Cunliffe, one of the world’s most celebrated archaeologists, tells a tale covering over 10,000 years, from the origins of farming around 9000 BC to the expansion of the Mongols in the 13th century AD. An unashamedly ‘big history’, it charts the development of European, Near Eastern and Chinese civilisations and the growing links between them by way of the Indian Ocean, the Silk Roads and the great steppe corridor, which crucially allowed horse riders to travel from Mongolia to the Great Hungarian Plain within a year. Along the way, it is also the story of the rise and fall of empires, the development of maritime trade and the shattering impact of predatory nomads on their urban neighbours.
Protection / Protectants: There are two main degrading agents that attack tires, plastic and vinyl—ultraviolet (UV) light and ozone. Both of these attack the long hydrocarbon chains of the rubber, trim, and vinyl skin by breaking these bonds, shortening the molecules with a resulting loss of elasticity and other problems. Tire manufacturers add two primary sacrificial protectants to the rubber. To protect against UV, manufacturers add carbon black. This is why tires and trim are most always black. The carbon black will turn white or gray as it absorbs the UV and protects the rubber. This is the basis of rubber parts turning gray as they age. To protect against ozone, tire manufacturers add a wax-based sacrificial protectant. The ozone attacks the wax and depletes it. As the tire rolls, additional wax is forced to the surface of the tire. This is referred to as blooming. This blooming refreshes the surface wax protectant. A tire that has not been flexed will have the wax depleted by the ozone and thus begin to degrade and suffer dry-rot. Raw silicone oil, which is the main ingredient in most all of the advertised protectants, actually dissolves the wax and is the cause of premature tire sidewall cracking and failure. Some tire manufactures may not honor their warranty on damages if use of silicone products is detected. Vinyl surfaces have a protective skin and just as plastic surfaces it is depleted from off-gassing. Silicone oil may also dissolve the essential oils in the skin, hastening the premature formation of cracks in the vinyl. Silicone oil also has a electrostatic attraction which attract dirt and dust particles. A quality protectant should contain a strong UV protectant to bolster the efforts of the carbon black and not contain any silicone oil. Many of the nationally advertised rubber and vinyl products also contain formaldehyde and harsh surfactant elements. Renew Protect supplies co-polymer essential feeding elements that restore the original composition of the surface and create a dry-seal ozone and UV block. This technology also serves to retard the “blooming” and “off-gassing” process and greatly enhances the retention of protective elements within the surface. Renew Protect Blak also contains carbon black and is ideal for the restoration of faded black surfaces and of their protective properties. Renew Protect is silicone-free. Dorus Rudisill Product Development Renew Protect
Sentence for spontaneously \| Use spontaneously in a sentence A sentence using the word spontaneously. Students, spelling bee organizers, and people looking to increase their knowledge of English may find this page particularly useful. The lines of text below use spontaneously in a sentence, and provide visitors a sentence for spontaneously. • Both Lena and Wilfrid spontaneously guessed her to be the guilty one. (10) • Her thoughts resolved to action spontaneously. (10) • I did it spontaneously. (10) • She understood spontaneously what would be most strange and taking to him in a woman. (10) • She was a woman who rarely exacted obedience, and she was spontaneously obeyed. (10) Glad you visited this page with a sentence for spontaneously. Perhaps also see a sentence for style and ways to use sports in a sentence. Now that you’ve seen how to use spontaneously in a sentence hope you might explore the rest of this educational reference site to see many other example sentences which provide word usage information. People looking for: "spontaneously in a sentence", "sentence of spontaneously", "sentence with the word spontaneously", "sentences with spontaneously", "sentence for spontaneously", "spontaneously sentence", "the sentence of spontaneously", "use spontaneously in a sentence", visited this page.
Tuesday, March 22, 2011 eLearning CE: Activity 3 - Aziel M. Soriano (7) Traits of a Good Leader • Intelligent — Read, study, and seek challenging assignments. • Broad-minded — Seek out diversity. What a Leader does and should do during difficult times. Congregational leadership, even in the best of times, is a difficult calling. When a church is struggling with conflict and anxiety, it can feel almost impossible. Some leaders are likely to absorb the negative feelings and end up feeling depressed or discouraged. Others move to deflect them and become angry and combative. In her little book Extraordinary Leadership, Dr. Roberta Gilbert describes high-level leaders as those who cycle through a series of intentional behaviors designed to help them respond to difficult situations without being pressed into certain reactions by the demands of others. They continually watch, think, connect and reflect. 1. Watch. Like a general on a hilltop observing troop movements, it is the leader's job to remain above the fray and watch the system to see what is really going on. Instead of being caught up in the emotional reactivity of the group, the leader is able to look for patterns in the way people behave and look past simplistic cause-and-effect explanations for that behavior. Instead, he or she will be able to observe the complex webs of relationships in the congregation and make decisions that take into account that complexity. Creech describes this process in another way: "When I began teaching my daughter to drive this year, I realized how much you're watching and taking in as you drive on the freeway. You're constantly looking ahead, behind, down the road so that you can make your own decisions about what is going on around you. In leadership, if you aren't watching what is going on, you may find yourself having to react to something you didn't see coming." We often hear, "The only person I can change is myself." It is questionable whether we actually believe this is true since we spend an enormous amount of time trying to change others. A high- level leader is most interested in his or her own behavior and patterns. Gilbert writes, "The primary effort goes to self and learning to relate better—not to changing the group." Therefore, a high-level leader is not only watching the patterns and behavior of the group but is also focused on his or her own. 2. Think. Science tells us that as our emotions become intense, our ability to think clearly and make good decisions diminishes. As a result, in tense situations, we feel emotionally overwhelmed and make poor decisions that we later regret. Surgeons, athletes, and others use the power of rehearsal to prepare for those challenges. A basketball player may imagine himself shooting free throws. A surgeon may mentally walk through every step of a surgery many times before ever picking up a scalpel. Creech says, "If I'm going into a difficult situation, like a tense meeting, it is helpful to rehearse and to ask myself important questions—How do I want to be with these people? How do I want to behave? What might happen? How will I respond?" It is the leader's job to think through the predictable ways that the group relates and ways to alter those entrenched patterns. It is also the leader's job to think about his or her own contribution to those patterns and ways to change himself or herself in the emotional moments. It is one of the leader's most important tasks is to identify the shared values and deeply held principles of the group and think about ways to ensure that they are respected and expressed, even in the face of emotional reactivity. Creech reminds us, "To think about this ahead of time makes it more likely that we will actually do what we want to do." 3. Connect. Once a leader has carefully observed what is really going on and has thought through constructive ways to behave, he or she must take on the messy work of actually engaging the people in the emotionally difficult situation. This is where the leader practices doing what was decided earlier. However, natural self-protective instincts tell us to move away from people with whom we feel angry or hurt or threatened. We try to avoid contact with them or we stay emotionally disconnected when we are forced to be around them. High-level leaders, though, intentionally stay in calm contact with everyone in the system, including those who elicit negative feelings. Creech points out that although we may feel an instinctive need to distance ourselves, that impulse is usually counterproductive. "I have to remind myself that there is no real danger to me," he says. "Then I can make the phone call, have the conversation, send the email." He adds, "Sometimes it's best if the connection isn't related to the issue. With a church member, it may be better to ask about their grandchildren than about their doctrine of salvation." Staying connected, especially when it is difficult to do so, is also one of the highest-level spiritual interventions that a leader can make. Jesus requires us to stay connected with everyone in our lives, including our enemies, at least through loving prayer. Creech adds, "Staying connected, without attacking or blaming, gives me a chance to have an influence on the relationship. You can't influence what you're not connected to." 4. Reflect. In the midst of connecting with other people and relating differently to them, the leader is also continually looking in the rear view mirror. Creech says, "Seeing things in retrospect and reflecting on them is what all professionals do, whether it's Tiger Woods thinking about a shot or a coach watching film on a game or an attorney reviewing a case. Professionals ask, 'What did I learn?' 'What can I do better?'" High-level leaders are also high-level learners, looking for ways to ensure that they are always living out their most deeply held values. Creech reminds us that this kind of prayerful reflection is essential. "These are the places where I learn," he says. "To just go over it in my mind and feel the feelings doesn't really help much. Reflection is where the learning happens." No comments: Post a Comment
Jump to: navigation, search What is the clipboard? The clipboard is not a program you can access, it is a block of your computer memory. Anything you copy is stored in a special section of your upper memory called the clipboard. Any time you Copy (CTRL-C) or Cut (CTRL-X) the contents are sent to the clipboard and they are then available to be Pasted (CTRL-V) into another program. The clipboard always holds the last item you copied unless you turn off your computer.
In this digital age, data continues to grow exponentially. The growth is so immense that the International Data Corporation (IDC) projects that by 2020, the capacity of the digital universe will have hit 44 zettabytes. This is the equivalent of 44 billion terabytes. Such a huge amount of data, when analyzed properly, is capable of providing insights on virtually every aspect of human lives and all factors that influence decision making. Organizations are fast appreciating such proven benefits, and big data and analytics is at the heart of it all. Today, organizations rely on big data analytics to solve a myriad of business challenges, improve and streamline operations, boost sales, manage human capital, and much more. In retail, for instance, big data enables optimized pricing and accurate forecasts for product demands. In health care, big data has enabled many institutions, both public and private, to analyze tones of medical records with the goal of reducing costs and improving patient outcomes. The field of agriculture also relies on analytics for yield maximization, while insurers have made significant strides in achieving accurate risk quantifications, even in naturally challenging dimensions such as the weather and environment, through predictive analytics. There are many other industries that benefit form big data. Read further for a detailed overview of the 5 major applications of big data analytics for organizations. 1. Improving Business Operations’ Efficiency Many businesses struggling with severed links in their value chain appreciate the value of big data analytics because it helps them optimize the operating efficiencies of their different investments. Through big data, feedback loops can be created by data generated offsite. For instance, commercial airplanes are able to generate up to 20 terabytes of data per hour. Onboard sensors in automobiles produce data that can be transmitted live to dealers’ service systems. Equipping crates and other forms of packaging with RFID chips has made collection of transit data much easier. Combining such data repositories with machine-to-machine interactions forms a strong base for predictive analytics, which when fed back to such systems, produce incredible outcomes. For instance, the analytics can direct airplane systems to determine their own maintenance schedule and even go a step further to initiate advance communications with supply chains for preparation and delivery of the required parts at the right time. In other business transaction, powerful customer relationship management systems (CRMs) are able to analyze real-time data from multiple systems, and even suggest offers that are most suitable for a given customers at any point in time. • Expanding Customer Intelligence Every customer wishes to be recognized and valued. Unfortunately, for businesses with millions of customers, this has been a major challenge in the past, but big data is changing the trend. With big data analytics, companies are now capable of identifying their most valuable customers currently, and in future. Better still, they can do so without disregarding or “punishing” other non-frequent customers. Big data achieves this mainly through examination of data from multiple sources in multiple fields. The data obtained may be structured, such as purchase histories, data from industry partners and CRM data, or unstructured data from social media, blogs, videos, and many more sources. Ultimately, many businesses gain invaluable insight on how to treat their customers with recognition and uniqueness. For instance, an airline that has partnered with credit card companies and travel agencies can use big data to improve the travel experiences of many customers who have unique needs by creating packages that are tailor-made for them. Big data will continue to expand customer intelligence for many companies that capitalize on analytics. • Enhanced Mobility Data analytics makes sense if it can yield actionable insight for the end-users. Adding mobility to insights from analytics helps accelerate the impact of big data on both operational efficiency and customer intelligence because the results of analytics become instantly actionable. When organizations push the intelligence and decision-making capabilities of analytics to mobile devices, they are able to create new business processes that are in essence, revolutionizing how business in conducted. Businesses are realizing the benefits of equipping employees with real-time insights at the time and place they are needed. It is especially more beneficial when such insights are derived from blending both dynamic information (from data in motion), with static data. Mobile analytics ensure that real-time data can be collected from the field as much as it is being sent out from within the organization. This ensures that external data can support insights in other parts of the organization system. • Accessibility of Big Data and Analytics “As a Service” Not many companies are able to acquire data analytics tools and infrastructure: vast storage facilities, arrays of servers, and an arsenal of data scientists. In fact, for other companies with the means to execute their own in-house big data collection and corresponding analytics, such activities would deviate so much from their core business, risking the productivity of other business processes. Therefore, as the complexity of data increases, especially due to the unstructured data obtained from social media and other sources, many companies prefer to acquire data analytics as a service from software development firms that specialize in the trade, and who are better equipped to handle such complexities. It is now possible for small, medium, and large companies to leverage on the power of big data without venturing out of their core business or incurring outrageous costs because the insight and expertise they require has been provided to them as a service. Development of New Products and Services Many organizations are hopping onto the ambitious route of using big data and analytics in creating new products and services. As is expected, many of the organizations that adopt this approach are online companies whose core operations (services and products) are data-driven. Service providers are using analytics to bring people together in groups based on similar interests, similar likes, people they may know, or people who view others’ profiles, and many other knowledge areas that are seeing such firms attract millions of new customers within a short period. Such successes are being recorded in industries across the board: manufacturing, telecommunications, electronics, entertainment, and many more. While there is always the risk that some products may never see the light of day, as businesses begin to realize the potential of big data and equip themselves with the necessary tools and personnel to leverage on this potential, then probabilities of success are bound to increase. As seen from the discussion, big data is changing businesses in terms of operations, processes, revenue, and customer engagement. Although we cannot overlook the fact that data is complex and requires equally sophisticated systems to conduct meaningful analytics that can provide actionable insight, it is also clear that organizations not capable of constructing such powerful systems can also reap the full benefits of analytics by acquiring it “as a service”. Gradually, many organizations will be in a position to boost operational efficiency, expand their customer intelligence, create new products and see them all the way to market, as well as develop new business processes that support their core operations.
Creating the Master Fringe & SVD Mode Images Images which have been corrected for bias, dark, and flat-field effects are photometrically consistent: the number of counts in each pixels is proportional to the number of photons incident on the pixel, with the same proportionality for all pixels. However, it may still necessary to perform additional corrections to make the images scientifically useful. There may be additive background contributions which do not represent features of the sky, but are rather due to features of the instrument. At CFHT, we correct for two major classes of additive background components: fringes and large-scale structures. We discuss the causes of these two types of additive components, and the general technique in some detail elsewhere (Fringe Corrections); in this document, we discuss the programming details of the `mkfringe' system which is used to create the master fringe and master SVD mode images. This system is one of the more complex components of the Elixir system since it involves several processing steps, and various diagnostic measurements of the correction are provided. We will first discuss the fringe creation portion; much of the SVD mode creation system is quite similar. A few definitions are needed to describe the different data involved. First, each version of a fringe frame for a given filter is defined by a set of parameters which together we call a 'config'. A config is represented by a word built by connecting the relevant parameters; a config consists of RUNID.TYPE.FILTER.VERSION. RUNID is a word which identifies the camera run (ie, 01Bk04). TYPE is the word 'fringe' for the fringe frames and 'mode' for the SVD mode frames. FILTER is the filter name (ie, I, Z). VERSION is a number to distinguish different versions within the previous set of parameters. There are essentially four types of data involved in the process of building the fringe frames. First, there are data which are relevant to a specific CONFIG, such a the list of all input images or the name of a jpeg representation of the complete output image. Second, there are data which are relevant to a single CCD for a given CONFIG, such as the master fringe image for a given chip, or the collection of statistics on a given chip; we represent these data in the discussion below with the word CONFIG.CCD. Third, there are data which are relevant to a given input image, such as a jpeg image of the master frame or a collection of statistics on the given frame; we represent these with the word MOSAIC in the discussion below. The fourth type of data are relevant to a specific chip in a MOSAIC, such as a single input CCD image; we represent these with the word MOSAIC.CCD. The fringe creation process involves a variety of steps, and two major stages. We will first outline the process, then discuss the steps in detail later on. Stage 1: Image Preparation • Select the input images. • Create initial lists • Detrend all input images. • Rebin the images, extract high / low frequencies • Measure fringe statistics on input images • Create jpegs of input images • Measure fringe parameters • Create lists for web pages Stage 2: Master Creation • Measure fringe parameters from subset • Create lists for master fringe process • Create master fringe frame • Apply master to all input images • Measure fringe statistics on all residual images • Create jpegs of residual images • Measure fringe parameters • Create lists for web pages Stage 3: Image Registration • Assign Image meta-data • Register image in detrend database In addition to these three stages, there is a process by which the user can use a web browser to examine the input images, view a representation of the residuals and statistics of each input image, and refine the selection of the input images used to create the master image. In practice, the user runs the Image Preparation step once, then performs a series of image selection and Master fringe frame creation to choose the best set of input images. At this point, the user accepts the results and runs the third stage of Image Registration. Let's look at each of the steps in detail. Stage 1: Image Preparation Select the input images Images are selected from the image registration database. It is necessary for the images to have the sky counts measured, which means they must have been passed though the imstats system. Images are selected if the satisfy several conditions: 1) They must be use of the appropriate filters (currently I, Z, NB920). 2) They must have sky counts greater than a specific threshold. 3) They must not be saturated in any chip. 4) They must have a sky flux (counts / sec) within specific limits. 5) All 12 chips must be available on disk. Create Initial Lists The fringe and mode creation processes as implemented in `mkfringe' use a number of text files to keep track of the many pieces of data involved in the process. During the preparation stage, once we have identified all possible input images, we can create lists of the possible derived products. Some of these lists are simply used to record the accounting information needed by the mkfinge process; some are used as input by program steps which need to know the names of the images. Some of these lists are per CONFIG, while others are per MOSAIC. Detrend all input images Before the images can be combined to generate a master fringe frame, they must first be detrended to remove all instrumental signatures. In the mkfringe process, these detrended images are stored in SPLIT format in a particular, specified directory. It is necessary to distinguish several versions of each image, we use a varient on the standard SPLIT naming convention. If an image has OBSID 654321o, the detrended images are stored as file with names of the form 654321oNN.fits (where NN represents the CCD in question) in a directory names 654321o.det (det for detrended). Note that a standard SPLIT image would have no extension '.det'. Rebin the images, extract high / low frequencies We separate out the high-spatial-frequency patterns (fringes) from the low-spatial-frequency patterns (eg scattered light) by creating two separate images from the detrended image. The fringe patterns observed in the CFH12K are fairly large scale, always more than a few pixels wide. We can save disk space and substantial time by rebinning the images on a scale smaller that this. We create a 4x4 median-binned image, from which we extract the high and low frequencies. The lowest frequency structures are removed by median-binning by a factor of 256x256 from the original image, producing very small images (4x8 pixels per CCD with CFH12K). These small images are used to construct a spline-fit model which is subtracted from the 4x4 scale image. The large image, representing only the higher-spatial frequencies, is stored as, while the small image, representing only large-scale structures, is stored as From this point, the fringe and SVD mode creation processes diverge; the images are used to construct the fringe frame while the images are used to construct the SVD mode images. Measure fringe statistics on input images Each image has a characteristic fringe strength. We measure this independently on each chip using the fringe pair coordinate lists described in 'Fringe Corrections' . The box used at each point is scaled by the 4x4 binning factor of the previous step. The collection of MIN / MAX pairs are used to determine the fringe amplitude for the chip and the sky level. The 12 values per full mosaic are stored in a file Create jpegs of input images The web-based tool to select the best input images requires large and small jpeg images for each complete mosaic. In this step, we create two jpeg images for each input image. These are saved as and The first uses a very large-scale median-binning to produce a tiny thumbnail image, while the second produces a larger image with an effective total binning of 16 from the original scale. Measure fringe parameters The recipe we use for both fringe master creation and the fringe correction improve the individual chip-by-chip measurements of the fringe strength by comparing the fringe amplitude on all chips. Such a step is useful because a given chip is likely to be affected by the presence of particularly bright stars or large-scale structure, while the mosaic as a whole is less likely to be affected. The process is effective because the fringe amplitude is a measurement of a real physical parameter in the sky: the strength of the emission lines responsible for the fringe pattern. However, even though the fringe pattern is measuring a real parameter, each chip has a different response to the emission lines. This logic implies that the variations in the fringe amplitude for a given chip will be correlated with the variations on each of the other chips. This is in fact what we see. We can use the correlation to determine an optimal fringe amplitude for each full mosaic, and therefore determine the 'best' fringe amplitude for each chip from the common amplitude seen across the mosaic. To make such a measurement, we need to determine the correlation between the fringe amplitude in the different chips. First we find the chip with the maximum fringe amplitude, which will have the strongest response to the emission lines. Next we determine a linear fit to the collection of fringe measurements on chip A vs the reference chip. The result is a collection of 12 linear fits, and reference chip (for which the linear fit has a slope of 1, intercept of 0, by definition). These fringe fit parameters are stored in the file CONFIG.fitpar for later use. Note also that the optimal fringe amplitude determined from these fits are used to determine a relative scaling of the fringe pattern between each of the input images when they are merged into a master image. Create lists for web pages We collect the various pieces of informatnio in the different lists to generate information needed on the web pages, and move the various jpeg to the appropriate web directory. At this point, the user may run the web tool to select the input images. Stage 2: Master Creation The next major stage is to use the selected images to create a master fringe frame, and determine fringe residuals using that frame. This section is invoked by running 'mkfringe run'. If the image preparation stage has been run, it possible, but not necessary for the user to adjust the selection of input images. Measure fringe parameters from subset Only the selected subset of images are used to re-determine the fringe correlation fits for each chip. These new fits are used to determine optimal fringe pattern strength for each of the images in the selected subset. A list is created for each chip which contains one line for each input file in a format required by the flips process which creates the master frame. This file includes the name of the image, the sky level for that image, and the factor for scaling the fringe amplitude. Create master fringe frame This is the heart of the fringe master creation. The selected input images are used to create the master fringe frame, called Each of the images first has the sky subtracted, then the remaining fringe pattern is scaled relative to the image with the largest amplitude fringe pattern. All images are then median-combined. The result image has the sky reset to the sky of the original input image. The fringe amplitude and the sky level are arbitrary numbers. Apply master to all input images We calculate residual images by applying the new master fringe frame to each of the input images. The resulting residual images are saved as OBSIDo.def (for defringing). Each of these images should have a minimal remaining fringe pattern. Measure fringe statistics on all residual images The standard recipe is used to measure the amplitude of the residual fringe pattern. These values are saved in a text file OBSIDo.def.stats which is used to construct statistics for the web browswer image selection tool. Create jpegs of the residual images Just as for the input images, each residual image has a set of greyscale jpeg images constructed which are used in the web tool to show the quality of the defringing or to guide the choice of images for exclusion or inclusion. The only difference it the dynamic range of the fringe frame. In the case of the input images, the full white-to-black range is set of 1% of the sky flux, while for the residuals, the full range is set to 0.2% of the sky flux. These images are called OBSIDo.def.medbin.jpg and OBSIDo.def.tenbin.jpg. The remaining stages duplicate steps discussed above: measuring the fringe fits from the selected subset, calculating statistics for the collection of input images & residual images, and creating the necessary files needed by the web tool. At this point, the user can again refine the input image selection or choose to accept the master frame. If the image has been accepted, the next stage is to register the image in the database. Image Registration Assign Image meta-data The first step before image registration can take place is to convert the 4x4 binned image into a full 1x1 scale image. This is a convenient time to add a variety of data to the fringe frame headers. This meta-data includes the information about the fringe correlation fit parameters, which is used by the defringing process to avoid re-measuring the fringe amplitude for the master image. In addition, information about the fringe creation process are also added to the header for documentation purposes. Register image in detrend database The last step is to add the image to the detrend database. This involves adding a row in the database table for each master CCD, as well as copying the master images themselves to the detrend database directories.
Rajeev Goyal and Priyanka Bista are concerned. Not too long ago the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush from Tibet to Nepal were virtually inaccessible to almost anyone who was not native to the region. That quality enabled them to become one of the last pristine refuges of Nature. Not any more. Endless waves of tourists ready to spend small fortunes to scale Everest and the lesser mountains were the first invaders. Now, China plans to revive the ancient Silk Route as a way of extending its commercial reach across Asia, threatening to disrupt the region’s equilibrium even more. Nepal is a geographically small country with a densely packed population of nearly 29 million people. Roughly 80 percent live in rural villages. The immediate reaction to China’s expressed interest in establishing commercial links to India with a route that runs through Nepal has triggered a frenzied land grab with little or no concern for the environment. The thirst for quick profits threatens ecological disaster. Rajeev is a New Yorker of Indian extraction. His fascination with Nepal grew out of a tour with the Peace Corps spent in a remote Nepalese village, which became the subject of a book, The Springs of Namje. Priyanka is Nepalese, but emigrated to Canada as a teenager. She ultimately studied architecture and encountered Rajeev when she began looking for work that involved Nepal and heard that Rajeev was working on an interesting project. They were soon married. The project that had enflamed Rajeev’s passion was nothing less than documenting and, if possible preserving the Himalaya’s astonishingly broad biodiversity before it fell victim to careless exploitation. Although Nepal only occupies 0.09 percent of the earth’s surface, it ranks 21st for the depth and variety of its flora and fauna. In Asia, it is the 11th most important area for biodiversity. What makes Nepal different from other regions is the extraordinary range in altitude made possible by the world’s highest and most majestic mountains. As Rajeev sees it, a failure to document Nepal’s enormous natural resources could mean that the human race loses forever the opportunity to discover an as yet unknown plant that might make a critical difference in medicine or science. Both he and Priyanka are convinced that time is running out. From 1990 to 2005, Nepal lost 25 percent of its forests. And that kind of degradation seems likely to accelerate now that the Chinese have expressed an interest. Rajeev’s solution: work in conjunction with Nepalese farmers to preserve sample plots of land that are strategically placed to enhance the study of biodiversity at different altitudes. Eventually, if properly funded, the project will create a biodiversity belt running from the Himalayas in Nepal as far as Myanmar or Burma. The corridor will be open to anyone wanting to study nature preserved from exploitation. The exhibition plots will also serve to illustrate for Nepalese villagers themselves the value of the biodiversity that already surrounds them. That more than anything else is the most effective argument against mindlessly stripping the land. To bolster his own knowledge, Rajeev, who already had a law degree, attended Cornell and did a masters in biodiversity. The real education, however, has been on the ground. What Rajeev and Priyanka envisioned as they plunged into what came to be known as the KTK Belt project was the creation of a “vertical university.” The 8,000-meter high mountain, Kanchenjunga, in Eastern Nepal and the world’s third tallest peak, would serve as the initial campus. The Nepalese indigenous inhabitants would serve as ‘professors’ revealing their knowledge of how the land and its life actually function. Priyanka, whose interest in architecture also covered the structure of complex programmes, would organize deeper scientific inquiries from world experts. In 2013, the project kicked off with the purchase of 100 acres of land at 20 carefully chosen strategic locations. The sites were at different altitudes, moving up the 8,000-meter mountain. Each plot was imagined as a ‘learning ground’ and functioned as a community seed bank, agriculture research and demonstration site, and resource hub for alternative energy and conservation infrastructure. The ultimate goal was to engage multiple stakeholders to create a botanical conservation and education corridor running from Koshi Tappu, one of South Asia’s largest aquatic bird sanctuaries, adjacent to the Indian border all the way to Mount Kanchenjunga. A local school teacher Kumar Bishwakarma, who is also a medicinal plants expert, led a research team reporting on the indigenous knowledge that local people expressed about their surrounding landscapes. In a little more than 20 square kilometres, the team discovered 412 unique plant species, belonging to 96 plant families. That was just a beginning. In a KickStarter appeal, Rajeev and Priyanka managed to raise more than $100,000 to expand the project’s reach. While other NGOs have tried to contribute to Nepal’s environmental protection, the KTK-Belt vertical university project has a number of advantages. First, its location is on the ground in a remote area. Second, it has integrated local Nepalese into the project, villagers who actually own the land. As a result, the project has access both to the land and to information that would normally be almost inaccessible for the average run-of-the-mill internationally-based organization. For Rajeev and Priyanka, the work so far merely constitutes a beginning. The real challenge is how to save the mountains, not just for Nepal, but for the world. Global Geneva America’s Editor William Dowell, a former foreign correspondent for TIME and ABC News, is a writer and journalist based in Philadelphia.
Ten Simple Things You Can Do to Get Healthy and Stay Healthy Eat a Healthy Breakfast Drink at Least 8 Glasses of Water Take a Good Quality Multiple Vitamin/Mineral Connect with Other People Express Your Emotions Appropriately Eat Fruits and Vegetables Spend at Least 30 Minutes Outdoors Do Something Physically Active Take Some Quiet Time for Yourself Keep Regular Sleep Hours Establish a Relationship with a Doctor You Can Trust Eat a Healthy Breakfast As we work with patients to improve their diet, we continue to be amazed at how few people eat breakfast. Most either skip it entirely, or drink coffee and eat sugary pastries instead. A healthy breakfast is the cornerstone of a good diet. It is a meal that provides the opportunity to eat a serving of whole grains, a digestible protein, and have a serving or two of fruit. The energy from a healthy breakfast can carry you through your morning in a more stable way than by eating stimulating foods such as sweets and coffee. Studies have shown, for example, that people can lower their cholesterol by eating breakfast. This is due to several factors. Breakfasts tend to be high in fiber (fruit, oatmeal, whole grain cereals) which absorb cholesterol in the intestines for removal from the body. More importantly, however, when we skip breakfast, our bodies go for 10-16 hours with no outside source of energy. Our chemistry begins to shift to a mode of starvation, which increases appetite and changes how our bodies regulate blood sugar. We then tend to crave high fat and high carbohydrate foods and binge later in the day, resulting in taking in more calories than we need just as our bodies are primed to store energy in the form of fat. If you are trying to improve your diet and nutrition and stay healthy as you age, eat a good breakfast every day. Vary your foods and try to get some protein if you have problems regulating your blood sugar. To get you started, here’s a recipe for the Immune Support Breakfast which is very popular with students at the naturopathic medical colleges. We eat this a few mornings a week at our house. 4 cups rolled oats 2 cups oat bran 1 cup lecithin granules 1 cup flax seeds, finely ground 1 cup milk thistle seeds, finely ground 1-2 cups sunflower seeds 1-2 cups almond slivers (toasted or untoasted) 1-2 cups raw cashew pieces Optional: raisins or other dried fruit to taste Mix ingredients and store in an airtight container, such as Tupperware. In the morning, soak 3/4 to 1 cup of the mixture in soy milk, rice dream or juice for 30 minutes. Before eating, stir in 1-2 tablespoons of flax seed oil. Add fresh fruit if desired. Drink Water Drink at least eight 8oz. glasses of water a day. Thoreau said that water is the drink of the wise man. Water is fundamental to all life on earth. Our bodies are made up of 60% water. It is involved in every function in the body, including circulation, digestion, absorption of nutrients and the transmission of electrical currents in the body which control our nerves, muscles and hormones. Due to its importance in proper elimination and detoxification, I’m fond of saying “The solution to pollution is dilution,” as water facilitates the elimination of waste products through urination, sweating, defecation, tears and mucus which line our respiratory and digestive tracts. While we get water in many foods we eat and beverages we drink, pure water is often the best form to ingest. A recent study surveyed peoples’ various aches and pains, energy levels and sense of well-being. When they were instructed to drink 8 glasses of water a day and their symptoms were reevaluated, notable improvements were seen in improved energy levels, fewer aches and pains, and generally improved sense of health. Adequate water is an extremely inexpensive and efficacious health practice. Water quality is very important. In many areas of the country, tap water may contain lead, radon, nitrates and other potentially toxic chemicals. Additionally chlorine and chloramines are placed in municipal water to decontaminate it. Recently, San Francisco changed from using chlorine to using chloramine. Flouride in water supplies is a controversial topic with some studies suggesting health risks associated with fluoridation. For these reasons, I recommend using clean sources of water and the use of solid carbon filters, such as Multi-Pure, or reverse osmosis filters. Avoid water that is in soft plastic containers, particularly in hot climates, as these can leach plastics into the water. Nalgene bottles are a good type for storing and transporting filtered water. Take a Good Quality Multivitamin/Mineral Supplement Eating a health-promoting diet is an essential component of good health. While it seems to be common sense that eating a healthy diet provides all of the vitamins and minerals we need to enjoy good health and reduce the risk of chronic disease, numerous scientific studies have shown that using good quality nutritional supplements can go beyond addressing nutrient deficiencies and help you achieve optimal health. A recent study commissioned by Wyeth Consumer Health found that daily use of a multivitamin by older adults is a relatively inexpensive yet potentially powerful way to stay healthy. The group studied the effects of taking multivitamins on five diseases: coronary artery disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer. These researchers estimated that providing a daily multivitamin to the elderly would result in a five-year potential health care cost savings of approximately $1.6 billion, and avoidable hospitalization for heart attacks of approximately $2.4 billion because of improved immune functioning and a reduction in the relative risk of coronary artery disease. There is evidence that both clinical and subclinical nutrient deficiencies are common in the US. In recent years, the US government has commissioned a number of comprehensive studies (HANES I and II, Ten State Nutrition Survey, etc) to determine the nutritional status of the US population. These studies in general reveal that marginal nutritional deficiencies exist in approximately 50% of the US population, and that for some selected nutrients and selected age groups, more than 80% of people consumed less than the RDA (recommended daily allowance). While it is theoretically possible for us to get all of the vitamins and minerals we need from our diets, the evidence suggests the reality is many of us do not. Taking a multiple vitamin and mineral formula can in many ways be viewed as cheap health insurance. While most Americans are deficient in some vitamins and minerals, the level of deficiency is not often obvious. Severe vitamin C deficiency as seen in scurvy is rare, though evidence suggests that marginal, or subclinical, vitamin C deficiency is quite common. So, what do I mean by a good quality nutritional supplement? First of all, it is not a one-a-day RDA vitamin/mineral combination. RDA guidelines were originally developed to reduce the rates of severe deficiency diseases such as scurvy and pellagra. There is much scientific evidence that the optimal levels for many nutrients, especially the antioxidant vitamins such as vitamins C and E, are significantly higher than the RDAs for these vitamins. RDAs also do not take into account environmental and lifestyle factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption and exposure to toxins that affect how we absorb and utilize vitamins and minerals. A good quality supplement, in my opinion, contains higher levels of antioxidant vitamins and minerals. It also balances the minerals and vitamins in proper ratios for absorption and utilization by the body and contains few if any binders, excipients and other additives. While not necessary for many people, I often use ones with hypoallergenic ingredients to avoid reactions in sensitive people. Finally, vitamins and minerals should be in safe amounts and chemical forms that absorb well and are easily utilized by the body. What this means is most good quality vitamin and mineral supplements are in the range of four to six tablets or capsules per day. I can recommend a specific formula to address your needs and advise taking two or three with both breakfast and dinner. This simple step can go a long way to insure you are not deficient in important nutrients, and is often a core part of one’s treatment plan. Typical monthly costs are approximately $1 per day for most formulas, and I prefer the Pure Encapsulations products as well as NF’s Women’s Formula. Connect with Other People By our very nature, humans are social animals. We nurture our young, form families and identify ourselves as part of larger social groups such as circles of friends, neighborhood ties, and memberships in clubs and organizations. Connecting with other people and forming bonds of communication and intimacy nourish our emotional and spiritual health as much as a healthy diet nourishes our bodies. In this day and age, people can become increasingly cut off from others, leading to an increase in the prevalence of depression and feelings of isolation. Many go through their day-to-day lives surrounded by other people without making meaningful connections. The increasing use of the internet is a mixed blessing, allowing us to connect with other people via email and chat groups while remaining in the isolation of our homes. While the internet makes us feel connected, these communications lack the physical components of touch, body language and face to face communication. We know that physical touch is extremely important to good health. Studies done in the 1930’s in orphanages have shown that infants who are touched and picked up thrive and grow faster than those who are left alone in their cribs. Being touched in our early lives has been shown to help our brains and nervous systems develop in healthy ways. As Dean Ornish, MD, states in his book Love & Survival, the healing power of love and relationships has been documented in an increasing number of well-designed scientific studies. In one study involving almost ten thousand married men, those who answered “yes” to the simple question, “Does your wife show you her love?” had significantly less angina (heart pain) even when they had high levels of risk factors such as elevated cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes and EKG abnormalities. In other words, no matter how well people manage the physical risk factors in heart disease, the major killer of US citizens, our perceptions of love and connections to others is a major risk factor that is often overlooked by ourselves and our doctors. In another study, researchers at Johns Hopkins tested and followed male medical students in the 1940’s in order to determine if the quality of human relationships might be a factor in the development of cancer. Those who subsequently developed cancer were more likely to have described a lack of closeness with their parents than their healthy classmates, even 50 years later. Father-son relationships were particularly important to these male medical students. Dr. David Spiegel, in a landmark study of women with metastatic breast cancer, found that women who regularly met for 90 minutes weekly for one year to express their feelings about their illness in a supportive environment lived on average twice as long as did other women who were not part of a support group. The list of studies supporting the notion that intimacy, love and connections with others play an important role in our physical, mental, emotional and spiritual well-being is growing everyday.How can we stay connected with others in an increasingly disconnected world? There are many ways to do this. Keeping in regular communication with our families and friends, even if separated by distance, can maintain a level of intimacy and connection. Expressing our love and affection to our partners and loved ones on a regular basis promotes intimacy and opens our hearts. Becoming involved in neighborhood organizations and groups that share our common interests increases our connections with our neighbors and creates bonds with those in our community, growing our circle of friends. Learning the names of people we interact with in little ways on a regular basis and greeting them personally grows our sense of connectedness with others. I would be remiss if I didn’t include the role our pets play in fostering good health and connections with others. Pets have been shown to play hugely important roles in our mental and physical well-being, especially in the elderly, people dealing with chronic diseases, and people who live alone and feel isolated. Fortunately, San Francisco, recognizing this as an important public health issue, recently passed a law allowing people with specific needs such as the above can obtain a waiver to have pets in rental units that traditionally do not allow pets. Our connection with others is an important part of what makes us healthy, and creating positive relationships provides a healing influence on our society at large. Make an effort to connect with others on a daily basis and I guarantee your happiness and sense of wellness will increase. Express Your Emotions Appropriately Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has always recognized that emotional factors play an important role in health and illness and notes seven emotions that particularly affect the body: joy, anger, sadness, grief, pensiveness, fear and fright. These emotions are not by themselves thought to be pathological and all constitute emotional aspects of healthy people. However, if any of these emotions are excessive over a long period of time or arises suddenly with great force, it can generate imbalances and illness. Many theories of disease causation in TCM are based on inappropriate expression of emotions which leads to physical and mental symptoms. For example, inappropriate expression of anger is thought to affect the Liver. People who feel frustrated or irritable are often not expressing their underlying anger appropriately by talking about it or by creating change in their lives to relieve their frustration. This affects the function of the liver which helps promote the smooth flow of qi, or life energy, in the body. Consequently, this can lead to depression, achiness in the body, constipation, and inappropriate outbursts of anger. If the imbalance persists long enough, western diagnoses such as hypertension or tension headaches may result. If holding in emotions or expressing them in inappropriate ways can lead to health imbalances which may lead to illness, endeavoring to express our positive and negative emotions in appropriate ways can be as preventive as exercising or eating a balanced diet. In our society, this takes awareness and careful choices of words as the expression of “negative” emotions such as anger or sadness is often discouraged socially. Nonetheless, it is important to be in touch with our feelings and to express them in an authentic way. One way to appropriately express anger is through the use of “I” messages. Instead of saying “You make me so angry when you…,” try instead saying “When you …., I feel……” This takes ownership for feelings and provokes less defensiveness in the other person. Learning to be in touch with emotions, expressing ourselves appropriately, and letting things go-it is not easy but produces rewards in enriching our emotional lives and our relationships and connections with others. Article Source: http://www.somaacupuncture.com/healthy.html Related More Articles Leave a Reply
1. Restricting Route Access 2. Password Hashing 3. LDAP Authentication 4. Cross Site Request Forgery Protection Restricting Route Access Please refer to the Routing section for the instructions on securing the routes. Password Hashing Password hashing and comparison is handled by the buddy.hashers namespace provided by the Buddy. It provides two functions, encrypt and check. The first will encrypt and salt the password, while the second compares the raw password to the encrypted string generated by the first. BCrypt is used as the default encryption algorithm. (ns myapp.auth [buddy.hashers :as hashers])) (def raw "secret") (def encrypted (hashers/encrypt raw)) (hashers/check raw encrypted) The encrypt function allows specifying additional parameters such as the algorithm and the number of iterations: (hashers/encrypt "secretpassword" {:alg :pbkdf2+sha256}) :salt "123456"}) :salt "123456" :iterations 200000}) The following algorithms with their associated options and defaults are seen below: • :alg :bcrypt+sha512 • :iterations 12 • :salt random • :alg :pbkdf2+sha256 • :iterations 100000 • :salt random • :alg :pbkdf2+sha3_256 • :iterations 100000 • :salt random • :alg :pbkdf2+sha1 • :iterations 100000 • :salt random • :alg :scrypt • :salt random • :cpucost 65536 • :memcost 8 • :parallelism 1 • :alg :sha256 • :salt random • :alg :md5 • :salt random For information on restricting access to specific routes, please refer to the routing section. For an alternative security solution you may wish to check out the Friend library. LDAP Authentication The following example demonstrates how to authenticate with the sAMAccountName using the clj-ldap library. First, we'll add the following dependency to your project.clj. [org.clojars.pntblnk/clj-ldap "0.0.12"] Next, we'll need to require the LDAP client in the authentication namespace and defstate to hold the connection pool: (ns ldap-auth [mount.core :refer [defstate]] [clj-ldap.client :as client])) We'll define our LDAP host as follows, note that the host key points to a vector of LDAP servers. (def host {:address "" :port 389 :connect-timeout (* 1000 5) :timeout (* 1000 30)}}) We'll can now declare a connection pool for LDAP: (defstate ldap-pool :start (client/connect host)) Finally, we'll write a function to authenticate the user using the above declared pool. (defn authenticate [username password & [attributes]] (let [conn (client/get-connection ldap-pool) qualified-name (str username "@" (-> host :host :address))] (if (client/bind? conn qualified-name password) (first (client/search conn {:filter (str "sAMAccountName=" username) :attributes (or attributes [])}))) (finally (client/release-connection ldap-pool conn))))) The attributes vector can be used to filter the keys that are returned, an empty vector will return all the keys associated with the account. Cross Site Request Forgery Protection CSRF attack involves a third party performing an action on your site using the credentials of a logged-in user. This can commonly occur when your site contains a malicious link, a form button, or some JavaScript. Ring-Anti-Forgery is used to protect against CSRF attacks. Anti-forgery protection is enabled by default. Once the CSRF middleware is enabled a randomly-generated string will be assigned to the anti-forgery-token var. Any POST requests coming to the server will have to contain a parameter called __anti-forgery-token with this token. The <app>.layout namespace of your application creates a csrf-field tag that can be used to provide the token on the page: (parser/add-tag! :csrf-field (fn [_ _] (anti-forgery-field))) We can use it in our templates as follows: {% csrf-field %} Any requests that aren't GET or HEAD and do not contain the token will be rejected by the middleware. The server will respond with a 403 error saying "Invalid anti-forgery token". The anti-forgery middleware is wrapped around the home-routes in the app definition of the <app>.handler namespace. Note that the wrap-csrf wrapper will be applied to home-routes explicitly, and should be applied to any other route groups that are not meant to be used by external clients. (def app (-> (routes (wrap-routes home-routes middleware/wrap-csrf) ;;wraps CSRF protection If you wish to disable it for any reason then simply update the app definition as follows: (def app (-> (routes home-routes ;;no CSRF protection Please see here on details how to enable CSRF for select routes in your application.
Is This Real Folk Tutorial Essay Trinity (Summer) 2012 What did European realism owe to folk culture? Discuss with reference to Ibsen. Weisberg has defined Realism as ‘an art form that examined the commonplaces of everyday life.’ As a trend in literature and drama it has settings defined in time and place, a straightforward chronology, it features ordinary people in situations that could credibly happen in ordinary life, and the characters are rounded, they are not types. In literature subjects are depicted objectively in the omniscient third person, and in drama the fourth wall creates a similar effect. Realism was based on the direct observation of the modern world, and idealised classicism and the emotionalism and exoticism of the Romantic Movement were rejected. Taking this definition of realism, it can be difficult to see how it relates to folk culture, because folktales frequently contradict these boundaries. By looking at naturalism, however, the common ground between folk culture and realism can become apparent, as realism shares in the focus on the natural world present throughout folk culture. Both can also be seen as democratising, as searching for an original essence, and as a means to discover the authentic. Peer Gynt was written by Henrik Ibsen in 1867 as a dramatic poem and was first performed in 1876. It was based largely upon Norwegian folk culture, especially the tales gathered by Asbjornsen in his Huldre-Eventyr og Folkesagen (1845). The play blends realistic scenes with surreal or fantastic ones, yet this interplay between conscious and unconscious, real and imagined, means that it can be considered as a work which deals with elements of realism. This is fairly explicit at some points, for example in Act II when Peer goes with the woman in green to the troll kingdom, she invites him to ride on her wedding horse which turns out to be a giant pig. He then sees a ‘house growing out of nothing’ but when he tries to enter it he collides with a rock. At the end of Act II he wakes up by the wall of his mother’s hut, leaving it open as to whether his interactions with the trolls were part of a dream. This ambiguity between what is real and imagined forces the audience to speculate about reality and fantasy. However, Peer Gynt cannot be viewed fully as a realist play, because the folkloric content adds romantic elements. The character of the Boyg, which is just a voice, is described as ‘a slime, a mist,’ which makes it difficult to stage. Ibsen has demonstrated that realism and folk culture are not incompatible when played against each other, but in Peer Gynt it is the contrast that is emphasised, not the similarities. Nevertheless, it is not necessarily the content which makes a work realistic, but the presentation. Peer Gynt, despite its inclusion of surreal scenes, does follow a linear chronology and there is no direct interaction between the characters and the audience. Although there are soliloquies, the audience is not explicitly addressed, and so it follows the realist trend in keeping a fourth wall. Kaplan claims that the Norwegian eventyrstil is, ‘directly analogous to the conventions of realist drama.’ Therefore, in some ways it can be argued that Peer Gynt is an example of a play which contains elements of realism and yet is inspired by folk culture. However, realism is neither always nor purely inspired by folk culture. The relationship between realism and folklore in art is complex. Art was seen by many critics as a medium not only to give pleasure, but to provide an ideal. In the nineteenth century, however, idealism and realism were seen as opposite poles. Realism was therefore seen to contrast against the romantic trend, which had been compatible with portraying mythological beings found in folklore. Realism, on the other hand, in its strictest sense, required artists to paint the corporeal here and now, rather than a shadowy enchanted past. As Lukkarinen argues, artists participating in the realist movement of the 1880s focussed on ‘ethnographic detail rather than portraying romanticised fantasies.’ Realism and folk culture were viewed as two separate and conflicting aspects of culture. In the 1880s new ideas of reality emerged, and artists conceived true beauty as being found in the everyday present. Since folklore emphasises links to the past, it cannot be part of this new trend. European realism in art is often seen as stemming from the Paris Salon in the mid nineteenth century, and the role of folklore has not been explored in great depth. Gunnarsson claims that ‘the theory of Realism in art was drawn largely from French literature,’ by works from writers like Emile Zola. Painting en plein air, a technique linked to realism, gained popularity in Paris. As Boime has argued, the realism evolved in France during the revolutions of 1830 and 1848, and was encouraged under Bonaparte’s government in the Second Empire. Realism was established long before Ibsen’s Peer Gynt, in 1855 Gustave Courbet exhibited 40 paintings in the Pavilion du Realisme, and Italian realist painters were meeting regularly in Florence. The magazine Le Realisme, and Flaubert’s Madame Bovary were both published in the 1850s. Realism can therefore be seen as stemming from the urban, commercial, industrial, modern world, and could not contrast more strongly with folk culture. However, as Lüthy points out, Paris at its height of cultural supremacy was subject to a constant influx of new people and ideas from the provinces, so there was an interaction between the metropolis and folk cultures. Even so, realism as an art movement was happening alongside the folk revival, and it is fairly impossible to say whether and how one was influencing the other. However, it is possible to see them both as part of a search for authenticity and identity, both individually, in the new industrialised modern world, and collectively, as part of the creation of nation states. Authenticity is a major issue which folk culture and realism both address, although in different ways. Whilst realism aimed to accurately portray through literature, drama or art, folk culture was oral, and to be set down in a static, permanent format was more problematic. Kaplan argues that Peer Gynt satirises the collecting of folk tales. She claims that, as ‘a teller of other people’s tales,’ Peer is portrayed negatively, as a liar. In the opening scene, Aase says to her son: ‘you can turn a tale inside out/polish it up with a lot of swagger/disguise it with your fancy feathers/so no one can see the scrawny old carcass…until in the end I couldn’t recognise/ a tale I’ve known the whole of my life.’ This can be read as an indictment of the activities of folk collectors. Peer appropriates the oral performances of others, and is condemned for doing so. This highlights that Ibsen saw truth and authenticity as vital elements of preserving the folk culture. Collectors often had problems in pre presenting folk culture to a reading public; should they simply recount the tales, or record the narrators? The names and places of the people who told the stories originally were rarely noted down. Collectors such as Asbjornsen and Moe did not use transcripts or dialect, but instead conformed to generic expectations of folk culture, using techniques such as repetition and grandfatherly explanation. In a similar way, realist drama does not have a narrator; it does not ‘tell’ and instead ‘shows.’ Kaplan argues that folklore collectors often cast themselves as tellers rather than writers, trying to preserve a sense of orality in written form. However, this process erases the trace of the original informer. Therefore, accurate representation of the truth is an issue which folk collectors drew attention to, and it could be argued led to experimentation resulting in realism. In the hall of the mountain king, Peer is exhorted to be true to himself, and it is this search for the essence of self, as both individual and country, that is central to both realism and folk culture. Kaplan argues that in Norway the ‘Herdian identification of the oral with the authentic was if anything amplified by the local linguistic situation.’ Since Danish was the leading literary language, Norwegian was seen as belonging to the peasants, and the people. The peasants were conceived of as the most authentic people, natural, ancient, and uncorrupted by the modern world, and so a high proportion of realist art focussed on rural work. Realism and folklore could both therefore be seen as democratising, in that by depicting the lower classes they are elevated to the status of high culture. Weisberg suggests that realism was an art form made to be intelligible to the middle classes, who could relate to the depictions of everyday life. Bezucha also argues that some sense of social consciousness is implied through realism, although this is not necessarily radical, and the same could be said of the elevation of folk culture. Both movements provide evidence for an uncertainty caused by the changing structures of the world, and were attempts to provide stability, by highlighting both the past and the present. In Peer Gynt, Aase’s lament ‘what’s become of the proud days/of your grandpa’s time’ reflects these concerns. Huusko claims that researching the mythical past was part of a trend ‘that considered urban life and industrialisation to be degenerative and yearned for an incorrupt life from a time before the Fall of Man.’ The ‘primitive’ was idealised, both through the elevation of folk culture, and in some senses through realist art, especially landscapes. A focus on nature is one of the major things which folk culture and realism have in common. Naturalism is a form of realism; in art the terms are often interchangeable. In 1889 the critic Jean Moreas identified three schools of art: romanticism, naturalism, and symbolism, not counting realism as a category. Kent argues that nature can both nurture and threaten – something which folklore also expresses. In both Norwegian art and folk culture, attention is paid to the landscape, especially the mountains and fjords which are seen as distinctively ‘Norwegian.’ In the Buck ride episode in Peer Gynt, setting plays a major role, as the protagonist describes Gjendin ridge: ‘It cuts along/with an edge like a scythe…scars and glaciers sheer down/the precipice to the glassy lakes.’ Artists from Johan Christian Dahl, the ‘father of Norwegian painting,’ to Thorolf Holmboe and Nikolai Astrup and many more, were well known for their landscape paintings. By using nature as a stabilising force, and because of the prominence given to Naturpoesie throughout Europe, perhaps folk culture encouraged realists to look at landscape. More importantly, however, the idea that climate and geography caused innate natural differences in character helped to justify and add to discourses on nationhood. Georg Brandes criticised Peer Gynt as being ‘neither beautiful nor true.’ It is this concern with truth that is the most striking similarity between folk culture and realism, two movements that on the face of it can appear to be in complete binary opposition. Both aim to capture a ‘true eternal spirit’ for the masses. Lüthy has argued that in art, ‘on the one hand the countryside was portrayed in charming landscape views, while on the other, the country’s heritage of folklore was depicted.’ However, I would challenge this idea that there were two separate movements, and instead point to the fact that both were creating a sense of national identity. As Falnes argues, ‘realism no less than romanticism viewed human life as organic,’ and this continuity should be emphasised. The search for an original voice and soul of the people is a theme present in both the research of folk culture and realism. In 1870 reviewers of the new edition of Asbjornsen’s Huldre-eventyr disagreed over whether it was romantic or realist, whilst some were calling it romantic others were claiming it as realist. This shows how technical terminology could change, whilst the processes which were ongoing remained the same. Although folk culture contained elements of the supernatural and mystical, which realism shunned, both aimed to find and create new identities. In Peer Gynt, Ibsen portrays the interplay of realism and folk culture, showing how both played a part in daily lives, and both influenced perceptions of self. Robert Bezucha, in The European Realist Tradition, (ed. Weisberg) Albert Boime, in The European Realist Tradition, (ed. Weisberg) Oscar Falnes, National Romanticism in Norway, (London, 1933) Torsten Gunnarsson, Nordic Landscape Painting in the Nineteenth Century, tr. Nancy Adler, (London, 1998) Timo Huusko, in Northern Stars and Southern Lights: The Golden Age of Finnish Art, Ed. Waiboer (Dublin, 2008 Henrik Ibsen, Peer Gynt, Tr. Fry, Fillinger (Oxford, 1989) Merill Kaplan, ‘On the Road to Realism with Asbjornsen and Moe, Peer Gynt, and Henrik Ibsen’ in Scandinavian Studies, 75.4 (2003) Neil Kent, The Soul of the North, (London, 2000 Genevieve Lacambre, in The European Realist Tradition, (ed. Weisberg) Ville Lukkarinen, in Northern Stars and Southern Lights: The Golden Age of Finnish Art, Ed. Waiboer (Dublin, 2008) Hans Lüthy, in The European Realist Tradition, (ed. Weisberg) Gabriel Weisberg (ed.), The European Realist Tradition, (Indiana, 1982) Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s Psychology to Motivate \| Inspire \| Uplift Mindfulness, Spontaneity and Authenticity Travel Much? 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Brain's Receptors Sensitive To Pot May 'open Door' In Treating Drug Dependence 1. robin_himself A team of Johns Hopkins researchers developed a new radiotracer--a radioactive substance that can be traced in the body--to visualize and quantify the brain's cannabinoid receptors by positron emission tomography (PET), opening a door to the development of new medications to treat drug dependence, obesity, depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and Tourette syndrome. Discovery of the [11C]JHU75528 radioligand, a radioactive biochemical substance that is used to study the receptor systems of the brain, "opens an avenue for noninvasive study of central cannabinoid (CB1) receptors in the human and animal brain," explained Andrew Horti, assistant professor of radiology at Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Md. He explained that there is evidence that CB1 receptors play an essential role in many disorders including schizophrenia, depression and motor function disorders. "Quantitative imaging of the central CB1 using PET could provide a great opportunity for the development of cannabinergic medications and for studying the role of CB1 in these disorders," added the co-author of "PET Imaging of Cerebral Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors with [11C]JHU75528." Cannabinoid receptors are proteins on the surface of brain cells; they are most dense in brain regions involved with thinking and memory, attention and control of movement. The effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive compound in marijuana, are due to its binding to specific cannabinoid receptors located on the surface of brain cells. "Blocking CB1 receptors presents the possibility of developing new, emerging medications for treatment of obesity and drug dependence including alcoholism, tobacco and marijuana smoking," said Horti. The usefulness of in vivo (in the body) radioligands for studying cerebral receptors by PET depends on the image quality, and a good PET radiotracer must display a high level of specific receptor binding and low non-specific binding (binding with other proteins, cell membranes, etc.), said Horti. "If the non-specific binding is too high and specific binding is too low, the PET images become too 'noisy' for quantitative measurements," he noted. "We developed a PET radiotracer with a unique combination of good CB1 binding affinity and relatively low non-specific binding in mice and baboon brains," he added. "Previously developed PET radioligands for imaging of CB1 receptors were not suitable for quantitative imaging due to the high level of image 'noise,'" he added. "Even though PET methodology was developed 30 years ago, its application for studying cerebral receptors is limited due to the lack of suitable radioligands," said Horti. "Development of [11C]JHU75528 will allow noninvasive research of CB1 receptor," he added, indicating that Johns Hopkins researchers need to complete various safety studies and obtain Food and Drug Administration approval before [11C]JHU75528 can be used for PET imaging in people. 1. N0ly maybe this advance will finally lead to some form of studythat proves the healing powers of the marijuana plant. 2. old hippie 56 Been all kinds of studies on the healing powers of cannabis, but the FDA disapproves. 3. N0ly well i knew that iwas hoping that this will open some eyes. as more scientific than the clinical trials of the past. maybe this will be a way to discover how cannabis does what was proven in the clinacal trials. To make a comment simply sign up and become a member!
The Walls of Cartagena Set in 1639 during the pivotal year between the narrator’s 13th and 14th birthdays, this is an adventure tale bursting with heart and deep soulfulness. Calepino first opens his eyes on a slave ship. His Angolan mother dies after the birth. Good fortune intervenes when he’s taken in by a wealthy, pious woman in the walled city of Cartagena, in what is now Colombia. Although a slave, he’s treated with great tenderness and grows into a young man of quick wit who is especially adept at languages. Father Pedro asks the pampered Calepino to assist his ministry as an interpreter on the newly arrived slave ships. At first the young man hates his duties, as they take him into a world of suffering and squalor he had hoped he’d forever left behind. Then he meets Mara and Tomi, who remind him of his own past. When their lives are put in peril by a cruel master, Calepino determines to help them achieve freedom, even if it puts his own life, and that of a new mentor, a mysterious doctor of a leper colony, at terrible risk. Calepino is a fully realized character, as are his friends and enemies, people he cannot always tell apart. Fast-paced and richly detailed in setting and characterization, this young man’s journey to manhood sings off the page. A gem. Highly recommended. Share this review (US) $15.99 (US) 9781416941026
February 11, 2009 at 9:57 pm Leave a comment The General Prologue. Below, I offer guiding questions for each section of the General Prologue. Again, use the questions as a guide for your reading, and things to think about. And you can respond to anything here you want for your weekly writing responses. Lines 1 – 18 How does Chaucer describe the season and the setting for the narrative poem? How do you think that the season is significant? What is important about the fact that the poem is set in the month of April? How is nature described, and how does the description of nature connect then to the description of people gathering for a pilgrimage? Lines 19 – 34 Why do you think that it is important that the poem makes an “I,” the first person pronoun, pronounced? What effect does it have on the poem that it is introduced by an “I?” What is significant about the fact that the narrator and the other 29 pilgrims gather at a tavern? Why is it important that the narrator emphasizes the sense of “fellowship?” Lines 35 – 42 Describe the narrator’s tone in the opening of the poem. What kind of narrative voice does he assume? What does his narrative voice suggest / foreshadow concerning the rest of the poem? The Catalog of Pilgrims in the General Prologue, lines 43 – 717. Do you think that there is any significance to the order in which Chaucer presents each pilgrim? If so, what is the logic behind the order? Explore how Chaucer / the narrator develops his description of each pilgrim. What specifics does he emphasize? Why does he emphasize certain aspects of each pilgrim? Which pilgrim and description of him / her do you like the most? Why? What is it about Chaucer’s description that interests you? What social aspects to life and the world does Chaucer seem to emphasize in his descriptions of the pilgrims? What sorts of things does he seem to satirize? The Narrative Voice The voice of the narrator in The Canterbury Tales is very significant. The narrative poem is told from the specific, unnamed “I” who describes each pilgrim. How would you describe his voice? What is the narrator’s attitude toward everything and everyone? Does he seem to be a kind person? A reasoned person? A malicious person? A judgmental person? Is there any way in which you can “picture” the narrator in the same way that the narrator offers us “pictures” of each pilgrim? The narrator describes each pilgrim sort-of “warts and all,” meaning he offers the good, the bad and the ugly. Some of the pilgrims are downright odious people. What sort of attitude does the narrator have toward each of them? Does he judge and / or condemn any of them? What do you make of his stance? Lines 720 – 744 After offering a description of each pilgrim, the narrator digresses on the manner in which he plans to narrate the pilgrimage and all of the stories. What things about his storytelling technique does the narrator seem to defend? Why do you think he makes a big deal out of claiming he wishes to tell the stories straight and true? How does he use both Christ and Plato to defend his storytelling style? The Host at the End of the General Prologue. What function does the host of the Tavern play at the end of the Prologue? Why does it seem essential that Chaucer include the Host of the tavern in the scheme of The Canterbury Tales? Entry filed under: Uncategorized. Background to The Canterbury Tales A Pardigm Shift in Literature: Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales. Leave a Reply WordPress.com Logo Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s Trackback this post \| Subscribe to the comments via RSS Feed %d bloggers like this:
We’ve all felt sad at one point or another but depression is when the sadness is so extreme that it alters daily activities. Depression is a mental illness because it causes one to view the world pessimistically. These people often feel hopeless and lose all self-motivation. The reason this mental disorder is an internal conflict is because it causes people to question there existence. They are constantly trying to find their purpose and have ill-natured thoughts such as self-inflicted pain and/or suicide. Realistically, every internal thought is a conflict. Decisions are made through our internal conflict. Mental disorders harm our natural, healthy thoughts and can cause abnormal amounts of stress. Posted in Uncategorized \| Leave a comment -National Institution of Mental Health Posted in Uncategorized \| Leave a comment Dissociative Identity Disorder Most people who have dissociative identity disorder are aware of it. Because they expect a change in personality to occur, they are constantly thinking about it. This is an internal conflict because people are contemplating when it will happen and exactly what will happen when they lose their own memories and feelings. They are subconsciously arguing with their multiple identities and their actual personality is trying to restrict the madness. Posted in Uncategorized \| Leave a comment Drug Addiction and Mental Illness Most of us are familiar with Britney Spears, teen-pop sensation of the late 90s. Most of us are also aware of her dramatic actions of shaving her head, flashing the paparazzi, and bad parenting. What a lot of us don’t already know is that Spears had been abusing cocaine and ecstasy; two highly addictive drugs. Consequently, she built up tolerance to the drug and became a drug addict. She was sent to rehab and now is being accused of addiction to marijuana and/or morphine. Drug addiction is a mental illness. When an individual uses a drug and continues to use it, their body builds up a tolerance to the drug. These people seek out their first “high” and desire more of the substance to get them there. This is what leads to the addiction. Because these individuals, like Spears, take the substance consistently, their body becomes dependent on the drug. During rehab, it is hard for an addict to adjust. Over a certain period of time (during withdrawal), these people going through rehab may have to take other pharmaceutical drugs to help reregulate their physiology. However, the addict’s psychological desire for the drug is completely controlled by the individual. These compulsions, or obsessions, to the drug is the mental disorder. The internal conflict with this mental disorder is that addicts feel like they “need” to take the drug. Their body is insulted by the drug(s) and it is harmful to their physiology, however, psychologically, these individuals love the dopamine and serotonin being released and want to continue that good-feeling. It’s a conflict between their physiology and psychological desire. Posted in Uncategorized \| Leave a comment The Face of Fear I once had a friend who was terrified of escalators. I cannot remember her precise reasoning but I do recall it was from an experience in her childhood. Perhaps her shoelace got caught on the escalator or it might just have been that she had a gruesome fall. Whichever incident took place caused her to fear riding escalators and, later, became a phobia. As Collins English Dictionary describes, “a phobia is an abnormal intense and irrational fear of a given situation, organism, or object” (Collins 2009). In my friend’s case, she had intense desires of avoiding an object; the escalator. She was afraid, and possibly still afraid, of repeating her childhood demise. In high school, we had a theatre class together and took a trip to a black box theatre in Kansas City. In the building where the theatre was in, there was, as expected, an escalator. The girl I knew couldn’t even look at the escalator without horror. Instead, she took the stairs. My point to all of this is that phobias have a psychological impact on their victims. Knowing there was going to be an escalator in the theatre’s building made this girl exceptionally anxious. She panicked and couldn’t stop thinking about what would happen. A phobia, as a result of physiological alteration, is a mental disorder and, as such, is an internal conflict. Individuals with phobias are consistently reminded of these fears and develop plans to avoid them. The real fear that was created was placed there subconsciously. Meaning, these individuals are unaware that they have created this fear and the instinct to avoid it. They are victims of themselves. Now, every time they are faced with this certain situation, their conscious is battling their subconscious. phobia. (n.d.). Collins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition. Retrieved October 26, 2010, from website: Posted in Uncategorized \| 1 Comment Is Anorexia a Mental Illness? Anorexia is defined as an eating disorder in which one starves themselves and refuses to maintain a healthy body weight. In most cases, anorexics, in addition to their starvation, over-exercise at vigorous levels. This is considered to be a mental illness because anorexics have created a delusional idea whether they are aware of it or not. Most people, women specifically, believe themselves to be too heavy and have a high fear of gaining weight, subsequentlly deriving a poor self-body image. Another reason anorexia is developed is due to the individuals who feel as if their body is the only thing they can control. These people have created their own mental disorders because they have become obsessive over their weight and exercise. They have either developed such a poor image for themselves or have become too addicted to commanding their bodies that they can’t recognize health concerns. Anorexics have now given themselves the disability to process another’s thoughts or logic about their physical image and the dangers of starvation and over-exercise. These people continue to persuade themselves that they are “too fat” or that they have to be demanding to their bodies even if they’re false. Anorexia is an internal conflict because it is a competitive idea with one’s self that threatens their lives. When an individual becomes anorexic, something has gone chemically wrong in their mind that has evolved a mental illness which is incredibly dangerous. Posted in Uncategorized \| 2 Comments
Skip to main content Search... Open this section Welcome to! Analyse Film Films are so brilliant at telling stories it's easy to miss how rich and complex film language is. This section provides a wealth of material to help you and your students understand the beauty of film - and help to develop 21st century literacy. 'Analysing' is about actively watching and decoding the moving images in our society - developing the idea that we can learn to read films - in the same way as young people learn to read a book or poem. Many budding movie makers find that time spent analysing other peoples films has a huge impact on the quality of their own creative work
April 10, 2009–Today’s Way: Getting into the habit of recycling has become easier than ever, with curbside recycling services available in more municipalities every year. However, a big part of closing the recycling loop is actually buying recycled products, especially paper. And the kind of paper we most often forget to consider is the stuff that we literally flush down the toilet every day…yup, we’re talking toilet paper. According to the Natural Resources Defense Council, if every household in the United States replaced just one roll of virgin fiber toilet paper (500 sheets) with a roll made of 100% recycled fiber, we could save 423,900 trees. That’s a lot of trees! Just to wipe your—well, you know. Aside from the conservation of trees and energy, a good recycled toilet tissue is usually processed without chlorine and therefore, reduces the amount of hazardous dioxins and other contaminants released into our environment. When looking for recycled toilet paper, be sure to buy the tissue with the highest possible post-consumer waste (PCW) content—that’s the paper that you and I recycled on our curbs—and also be sure that it says “processed chlorine free”. The NRDC has a very helpful chart on their website, rating the environmental sustainability of different toilet paper brands.
Dismiss Notice Dismiss Notice Join Physics Forums Today! Angular Momentum of Kerr Black Hole 1. Feb 26, 2014 #1 How do you find the Angular Momentum, J, if you are given the Angular Velocity, ω of a Kerr Black Hole. 2. Relevant equations J = Iω ##I = massr^2## Event Horizon: ##r_+ = M + (M^2 − (J/mass/c)^2)^{1/2}## Static Limit and the Ergosphere: ##r_0 = M + (M^2 − (J/mass/c)^2*cos^2θ)^{1/2}## c=Speed Of Light 3. The attempt at a solution Unsure where the Moment of Inertial mass radius is. The Black Hole is not visible to the naked eye. Is it the mass and radius of the observer or is it the mass and radius of the Black Hole itself that the Event Horizon, Static Limit and all the orbiting Stars, planets,etc. are based on. Last edited: Feb 26, 2014 2. jcsd 3. Mar 2, 2014 #2 I know when calculating tangential velocity in Kerr metric, r is the reduced circumference (R)- [tex]v_T=\omega R[/tex] and [itex]\Sigma=\sqrt((r^2+a^2)^2-a^2\Delta \sin^2\theta)[/itex], [itex]\Delta= r^{2}+a^{2}-2Mr[/itex], [itex]\rho=\sqrt(r^2+a^2 \cos^2\theta)[/itex] and [itex]a=J/M[/itex] so I'm guessing you would use the reduced circumference when considering inertia. Though in order to calculate the reduced circumference you need [itex]a[/itex] which means you need to know J. If the only info you have is [itex]\omega[/itex] and M, then the equation for the frame dragging rate is- where [itex]\Sigma^2=(r^2+a^2)^2-a^2\Delta \sin^2\theta[/itex], replace [itex]a[/itex] with J/M and rearrange relative to J, which might be quadratic. 'Compact Objects in Astrophysics' by Max Camenzind page 379 Last edited: Mar 2, 2014 Have something to add? Draft saved Draft deleted Similar Discussions: Angular Momentum of Kerr Black Hole 1. Black hole (Replies: 2) 2. Black Holes (Replies: 36) 3. Black Holes (Replies: 3) 4. Black Holes (Replies: 0)
Planning a vegan diet is very beneficial for health. The menu is sufficient for the body, all the nutrients. Vegetable foodstuffs that became vegan menu can be processed into delicious meals like frikadel and soup. Being a vegan is not difficult. Very healthy vegan diet, including for pregnant women and children. Reduce intake of animal protein and increase vegetable protein, will tend to reduce fat and cholesterol and increase fiber intake. Vegans have lower levels of LDL. The risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes than eating less meat. Excellence is due to other factors such as regular exercise, not smoking and avoiding alcohol. Vegan only rely on sources of vegetable protein. Vegan should the right in the set menu, so no malnutrition. Iron which helps formation of red blood cells to carry oxygen to body tissues, contained in foods from animals and plants. heme iron found in animal foods is more readily absorbed than iron from plants (nonheme). To facilitate the absorption of vitamin C needed for help Vitamin B12 is found in foods from animals, as well as soy. This vitamin is required for nervous system function. Vegans should pay attention to the intake of these vitamins to prevent deficiency. Tips for vegans: - Choose a source of protein from beans, nuts, Tolo, peanuts, almonds, soy and dairy. - Choose cereals have been fortified. - For those who can mengasup milk and eggs should not be excessive considering the saturated fat content can not increase the risk of heart disease. - Select nonfat milk and reduce the use of unsaturated fats. - / Create plenty of food sources of vitamin C to enhance iron absorption. - For vegans, increase consumption of vitamin B12 sources such as tempeh, soy milk, and cereals that have been difortifikasikan or add to the supplements. Frikadel Tempe, Red Beans, Spicy Seasoning Serves 6, @ 2 pieces (1 serving = 194 calories) 150 gr tempeh steamed, chopped 150 g red beans, boiled, chopped 2 tablespoons bread flour 1 chicken eggs Oil for frying Spices that are: 5 pcs red chili 5 pcs chili sauce 3 cloves garlic 5 shallot 1 tsp coriander 1 LBR lime leaves 1 slice kencur Salt to taste 1. Combine tempeh, beans, spices that have been mashed, bread flour, and eggs, mix well. 2. For those into 12 sections, flat oval round shape. 3. Fried with lots of oil until browned, remove from heat. 4. Serve. Tofu Soup To 5 servings (1 serving = 90 calories) 1 tablespoon margarine for sauteing 2 tablespoons minced onion 100 g and 750 ml of water out finely blended into one 1 / 2 teaspoon pepper 1 / 4 tsp nutmeg powder 1 pc block instant broth 1 / 2 teaspoon salt 1 tablespoon cornstarch 50 g peas) 150 g tempeh, cut into small dice, fried 1 stalk celery 1. Saute onion with margarine, put out that has been blended with water, stir. 2. Enter pepper, nutmeg, block instant broth, and salt. After boiling, put cornstarch that has been diluted with water, peas, fried tempeh, and celery, stir well, cook a minute, remove from heat. 3. Serve. Post a Comment

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