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eval_testing_mns

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H2O H+ + OH--
The reaction is known as photolysis, which means splitting by
light (photo means light, lysis means breaking). This was
discovered by Robert Hill. Hence it is also called Hill’s reaction.
Step-III: The highly reactive H+, OH-- ions of water undergo quick change
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as described below.
OH ions through a series of steps produce water (H20) and Oxygen
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(O2). Water may be used by the plant inside, but O2 is usually released
into the atmosphere. H+ ions undergo series of changes in dark reaction.
H+ ions produced in photolysis are immediately picked up by special
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compound NADP to form NADPH (reduced Nicotinamide Adenosine
Dinucleotide Phosphate). ADP and iP trap energy to form ATP (Adenosine
Tri phosphate). ATP and NADPH are formed at the end of the light
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reaction. These are (ATP, NADPH) called Assimilatory power.
2. Light independent reaction (Biosynthetic phase)
This reaction does not require the presence of light and extension of
the phases after day time may occur in some plants (time gap between the
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two being less than even one thousandth of a second) and some times even
in the dark.
This is also called dark reaction. But the term dark reaction or light
independent reaction does not mean that they occur when it is dark at night.
It only means that these reactions are not depend on light. In the dark phase
the hydrogen of the NADPH is used to combine it with CO2 by utilizing
ATP energy and to produce glucose (C6H12O6). This synthesis occurs in a
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number of steps using certain special intermediate compounds and
enzymes. RUBP (Ribulose 1-5 bis Phosphate) is the compound which
accepts CO2 in this process. Finally the glucose is converted to starch.
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Plants are capable of surviving under a range of situations, from very
hot, dry and brightly lighted conditions to wet, humid and dimly lighted
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ones. The requirement of light and other factors varies from one plant to
another.
Heterotrophic Nutrition
In the living world all organisms are capable of surviving under different
conditions and acquring their food in different ways. We have studied about
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organisms that can capture light to produce their food. These are
pseudopodia
autotrophic in nature. While those that can not are heterotrophic.
How do organisms obtain their nutrition
Depending on the type and availability of food organisms can assort
food particle to a range of strategies of food intake and use. Some organisms break
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down the food materials outside the body and then absorb it. For example,
bread moulds, yeast, mushrooms etc. which are called saprophytes. Some
other organisms derive nutrition from plants or animals without killing
food vacuole them. This type of parasitic nutritive strategy is used by a wide variety of
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organisms like Cuscuta, lice, leeches and tape worms. Others take in whole
nucleus
material and break it down inside their bodies. What can be taken in and
fig-9(a): broken down depends on the bodys’ design and it’s function.
Nutrition in Since the food and the way it is obtained differs, the digestive system
Ameoba
is also different in various organisms. In single celled organisms, like
amoeba the food may be taken in by the entire surface but as the complexity
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fig-9(b): of the organism increases, different parts become specialized to perform
Nutrition in different functions.
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Paramoecium