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C) Ensure that no photosynthesis occurred
D) Ensure that leaves are free from the starch
10. The digestive juice without enzyme is ( )
A) Bile B) Gastric juice C) Pancreatic juice D) saliva
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11. In single celled animals the food is taken by ( )
A) body surface B) Mouth C) Teeth D) Vacuoles
12. Which part of the plant takes in carbondioxide from the air for photosynthesis ( )
A) Root hair B) Stomata C) Leaf veins D) Sepals
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Free distribution by T.S. Government 2019-20 23
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Chapter
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Respiration-The energy producing system
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Using food to carry out life processes is key to life for all living beings
in both multicellular or unicellular. In the chapter, on nutrition we have
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discussed how the body draws out nutrients from the food taken in. The
food provides energy for all the biological activities only after break down
through the process known as respiration. Thus, respiration leads to final
utilization of food. Normally respiration takes place in oxygen rich
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enveronment. Cells of the living body use food constantly to help our
body to function properly. They require the presence of gas, food material
and some chemicals.
The term ‘respiration’ derived from Latin word ‘respire’ meaning ‘to
breathe’, refers to the whole chain of processes from the inhalation of air
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to the use of oxygen in the cells. To begin with, we shall study the relation
of gases and the process of respiration.
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Discovery of gases and respiration
The term respiration came into use, a century after the word breathing
was used, way back in the 14th century. It was used much before people
knew that air is a mixture of gases. They hardly knew anything about all
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the life processes that took place internally in a living body. Respiration
which was used as a medical term, usually referred to as a process
involving passage of air and production of body heat.
It was not until 18th century when Lavoisier and Priestley did a
comprehensive work on properties of gases, their exchange and
respiration that we came to know something about how the process of
fig-1: Lavoisier
gaseous exchange goes on, in our body. You have already studied about
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24 X Class Respiration - The energy releasing system
some of Priestley’s experiments in earlier classes (You have an account
of it in the chapter on nutrition as well). Recall the concepts and answer
the following.
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Can it be said that Priestley’s experiment helped us to find out more
about composition of air? How?
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Lavoisier also carried out several experiments to understand the
property of gases. In his early experiments, it is clear that Lavoisier thought
that the gas liberated on heating powdered charcoal in a belljar kept over
water in a trough was like fixed air. In those days carbon dioxide was known
as fixed air. The next series of experiments dealt with the combustion of
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phosphorus in a belljar. From these studies Lavoisier showed that whatever