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eval_testing_mns

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in the atmospheric air which combined with the phosphorus, was not water
vapour. His final words are that the substance which combines with the
phosphorus is “either air itself, or another elastic fluid present, in a certain
proportion, in the air which we breathe”. This was the respirable air, a
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component of air that also helped in burning.
What was produced by combustion according to Lavoisier?
What did Lavoisier find out about air from his experiments?
What conclusion can be drawn from Lavoisier’s experiments?
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Lavoisier noted that there was a profound difference between the air
in which combustion of a metal had been carried out and the one which fig-2: Priestley
had served for respiration. The air that we breathe out precipitated lime
water while that after heating metal did not.
From this he deduced that there were two processes involved in
respiration, and that of these he probably knew only one. Therefore, he
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carried out another experiment by which he showed that about one sixth
of the volume of ‘vitiated air’(a term used then to show air from which the
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component needed for burning had been removed) consists of chalky acid
gas (fixed air). Therefore, to recreate common air from vitiated air, it was
not enough merely to add the appropriate amount of air needed for burning
or respirable air; the existing chalky acid gas must also be removed.
He drew immediately the logical conclusion regarding the process of
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respiration. Either eminently respirable air is changed in the lungs to chalky
acid air; or an exchange takes place, the eminently respirable air being
absorbed, and an almost equal volume of chalky acid air being given up to
the air from the lungs. He had to admit that there were strong grounds for
believing that eminently respirable air did combine with the blood to
produce the red colour. (But in due course the scientists identified that
due to haemoglobin the blood is red in colour.)
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Lavoisier’s findings lead way to several other researchers.
Which gas do you think is Lavoisier talking about when he says
chalky acid gas?
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Which gas according to him is respirable air?
What steps in the process of respiration does Lavoisier mention as
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an inference of his experiments?
A few lines from a textbook of Human Physiology, written by a
renowned chemist, John Daper around mid-19th century goes like this..
‘‘The chief materials which a living being receives are matter that
can be burnt, water and oxygen gas; and out of the action of these
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upon one another, all the physical phenomena of its life arise. What the
body expels out is water, oxide of carbon, phosphorous, sulphur and
others.’’
Thus, we can see that the role of major compounds and elements in
the process of respiration was known by mid19thcentury. The events
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involved were not very clearly understood, but, people believed that there
was some relationship of the heat produced in the body and the process of
respiration.
It is a common observation that our breath is warmer than the air
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around us; does respiration have anything to do with this?
Let us study the events involved in respiration in human beings to figure
it out.
Events / Steps in Respiration
There are no strict demarcations of events involved in the process of
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respiration. It is a very complex process of several biochemical and physical
processes. But for a general understanding on what goes on, we shall study
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under the following heads.