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fig-13: CO2 - a by product of energy cise control over the sort of burning of glucose
release in the presence of oxygen.
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38 X Class Respiration - The energy releasing system
3. Water normally stops combustion from taking place while cells con-
tain a lot of water and respiration still goes on.
What can you conclude from this?
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A
Heat production by living organisms
Heat production was a feature of burning glucose or sugar as you
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observed earlier. Living animals and plants usually produce energy in the
form of heat.
We feel warm when we wear sweater in winter season. We know that
sweater prevents loss of heat energy produced by the body. Does this
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suggest any way in which our bodies lose heat to the surroundings?
What are the other ways in which our body loses heat?
Heat is constantly lost from the body surface thus it must be
continuously generated within our bodies to replace what has been lost to
keep the body temperature constant.
Is the rate of heat production always the same?
LA
In the course of vigorous activity, a greater amount of heat is generated.
We know that we feel hot after some form of strenuous exercise such as
running.
During cellular respiration energy is released. Some part of energy is
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stored in the form of ATP. Some part of energy is utilised in our day to day
life activities. And the excess amount of energy is released in the form of
heat. But in case of vigorous activity like running we need more amount of
energy. For this the rate of respiration is increased. So heat is also released
in excess quantity. That’s why we feel warm. If the oxygen is not sufficient
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during vigorous exersise muscles start anaerobic respiration. Hence, lactic
acid is formed. We know that accumulation of lactic acid causes pain in
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muscle. We reach normal position after some rest. Deep breathing helps
us to restore energy in our body. Refer in annexure about Yoga Asanas.
Evolution in gases exchanging system
Exchange of gases is a common life process in all living organisms,
but it is not same in all. Single celled organisms Amoeba or multicellular
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organisms like Hydra and Planarians roundworms and earthworms obtain
oxygen and expel carbon dioxide directly from the body by the process of
diffusion. In other multicellular animals special organs are evolved. Animals
either terrestrial or aquatic adopted to different types of respiration and
possess different types of respiratory organs mostly depending on the
habitat in which they live. Body size, availability of water and the type of
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Free distribution by T.S. Government 2019-20 39
their circulatory system are some of the reasons for the animals to develop
different types of respiratory organs.
There is tracheal respiratory system in insects like cockroach,
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grasshopper etc. Tracheal respiratory system consists of series of tubes
called trachea. This is divided into fine branches called tracheoles which
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carry air directly to the cells in the tissues.
Some aquatic animals like fishes have developed special organs for
respiration which are known as gills or branchiae. Blood supplied to gills
through capillaries which have thin walls where gases are exchanged. This
is called branchial respiration. Fish keeps its mouth open and lowers the
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floor of the oral cavity. As a result water from outside will be drawn into