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Aerobic respiration occurs in adequate supply of air producing a lot of energy, carbon dioxide and
water.
Anaerobic respiration and fermentation occurs in inadequate supply or absence of oxygen to produce
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energy.
Cells may resort to the breakdown of 3 carbon compound, pyruvate, aerobically or anaerobically
depending upon the availability of oxygen. Usually in multicellular organisms cells fail to carry on
the process of anaerobic respiration for long.
Respiration is not essentially a process of combustion differ due to following reasons
- Glucose must be burnt at high temperature in the laboratory to liberate energy, if it happened in
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our cells, all cells would be burnt.
- Once glucose starts burning we can’t stop the process easily, but living cells are able to exercise
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control over the sort of burning of glucose in the presence of oxygen.
- Water normally stops combustion from taking place while cells contain a lot of water and
respiration still goes on.
Photosynthesis and respiration appear to be opposing reactions, but both have very different
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biochemical pathways and are essential for a plant’s metabolism.
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast to produce sugars, starches and other carbohydrates
for the plant’s metabolic needs.
Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria where mainly these carbohydrates are “burned” to
produce chemical energy to do work at the cellular level.
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44 X Class Respiration - The energy releasing system
Improve your learning
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A
1. Distinguish between (AS1)
a) inspiration and expiration b) aerobic and anaerobic respiration
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AN
c) respiration and combustion d) photosynthesis and respiration
2. State two similarities between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.(AS1)
3. Food sometimes enters the wind pipe and causes choking. How does it happen?(AS1)
4. Why does the rate of breathing increase while walking uphill at a normal pace in the mountains?
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Give two reasons.(AS1)
5. Air leaves the tiny sacs in the lungs to pass into capillaries. What modification is needed in the
statement?(AS1)
6. Plants photosynthesize during daytime and respire during the night. Do you agree to this statement?
Why? Why not?(AS1)
LA
7. Why does a deep sea diver and mountainair carry oxygen cylinder on her back?(AS1)
8. How are alveoli designed to maximize the exchange of gases?(AS1)
9. Where will the release of energy from glucose in respiration take place? Mala writes lungs while
Raziya writes muscles. Who is correct and why?(AS1)
10. What is the role of epiglottis and diaphragm in respiration?(AS1)
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11. How does gaseous exchange takes place at blood level (or) cellular level?(AS1)
12. Explain the mechanism of gaseous exchange at branchiole level.(AS1)
13. After a vigorous excercise or work we feel pain in muscles. What is the relationship between pain
and respiration?(AS1)
14. Raju said stem also respire along with leaves in plants. Can you support this statement? Give your
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reasons.(AS1)
15. What happen if diaphragm is not there in the body?(AS2)
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16. If you have a chance to meet pulmonologist what questions are you going to ask about pulmonory
respiration?(AS2)
17. What procedure do you follow to understand anaerobic respiration in your school laboratory?(AS3)
18. What are your observations in combustion of sugar activity?(AS3)
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