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4.5% of world population (250 million) suffering with thalassemia minor.
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There are over 35 million Indians are carriers of the abnormal Gene for Thalassemia.
It is estimated that about 1,00,000 infants are born with major Haemoglobinopathies
every year in the world.
10,000 – 12,000 Thalassemic children are born every year in our country.
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Survival depends upon repeated blood transfusion and costly medicines.
Thalassemia can be prevented by awareness, pre marital or pre conceptual screening
followed by antenatal diagnosis is required.
Treatment
Thalassemia major should be diagnosed as early as possible in order to prevent growth
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restriction, fragile bones and infections in the first year of life. The infant’s haemoglobin
levels and development should therefore be monitored closely. If Hb is less than 70% or
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the child shows signs of poor growth and development. Regular transfusion is the treatment
of choice. According to the WHO, the aim of this treatment is to retain a median haemoglobin
value of 115–120 grams per liter
liter. This can usually be achieved by carrying out transfusions
of concentrated red blood cells at intervals of every three to four weeks.
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Today thalassemia major can be cured by stem cell transplantation. A prerequisite is
usually that the affected individual who has siblings with identical tissue type (HLA type) a
transplantation of blood stem cells referred to as a “bone marrow transplant”, can be carried
out.
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Free distribution by T.S. Government 2019-20 73
A
Chapter
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AN
4
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Excretion - The wastage disposing system
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There is no factory which can manufacture a product without generating
any waste. This is true of our body which is a cellular factory too. And for
other organisms as well. Wastes are generated at regular intervals from
the bodies of most organisms. This raise questions like.
Where are the wastes produced?
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How are they produced?
What are the substances present in them?
Does the composition vary in the same organism in different
situations?
Let us understand such kind of questions.
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Living beings need energy for their survival and to perform activities
either building up of body material (anabolism) or its breakdown
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(catabolism), collectively called metabolic activities. Organisms use
different substances for metabolic activities. Different products are
generated as a result of these metabolic activities. Can you name different
products generated by the following life processes?
Table-1
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Life processes Products
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Digestion
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74 X Class Excretion The wastage disposing system
What products would the organism be able to take up for other ac-
tivities?
What are the products which would cause harm to the body, if they
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