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4.5% of world population (250 million) suffering with thalassemia minor. |
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There are over 35 million Indians are carriers of the abnormal Gene for Thalassemia. |
It is estimated that about 1,00,000 infants are born with major Haemoglobinopathies |
every year in the world. |
10,000 – 12,000 Thalassemic children are born every year in our country. |
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Survival depends upon repeated blood transfusion and costly medicines. |
Thalassemia can be prevented by awareness, pre marital or pre conceptual screening |
followed by antenatal diagnosis is required. |
Treatment |
Thalassemia major should be diagnosed as early as possible in order to prevent growth |
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restriction, fragile bones and infections in the first year of life. The infant’s haemoglobin |
levels and development should therefore be monitored closely. If Hb is less than 70% or |
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the child shows signs of poor growth and development. Regular transfusion is the treatment |
of choice. According to the WHO, the aim of this treatment is to retain a median haemoglobin |
value of 115–120 grams per liter |
liter. This can usually be achieved by carrying out transfusions |
of concentrated red blood cells at intervals of every three to four weeks. |
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Today thalassemia major can be cured by stem cell transplantation. A prerequisite is |
usually that the affected individual who has siblings with identical tissue type (HLA type) a |
transplantation of blood stem cells referred to as a “bone marrow transplant”, can be carried |
out. |
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Free distribution by T.S. Government 2019-20 73 |
A |
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AN |
4 |
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NG |
Excretion - The wastage disposing system |
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There is no factory which can manufacture a product without generating |
any waste. This is true of our body which is a cellular factory too. And for |
other organisms as well. Wastes are generated at regular intervals from |
the bodies of most organisms. This raise questions like. |
Where are the wastes produced? |
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How are they produced? |
What are the substances present in them? |
Does the composition vary in the same organism in different |
situations? |
Let us understand such kind of questions. |
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Living beings need energy for their survival and to perform activities |
either building up of body material (anabolism) or its breakdown |
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(catabolism), collectively called metabolic activities. Organisms use |
different substances for metabolic activities. Different products are |
generated as a result of these metabolic activities. Can you name different |
products generated by the following life processes? |
Table-1 |
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Life processes Products |
Photosynthesis |
Respiration |
Digestion |
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74 X Class Excretion The wastage disposing system |
What products would the organism be able to take up for other ac- |
tivities? |
What are the products which would cause harm to the body, if they |
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