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eval_testing_mns

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are not removed?
What happens if harmful products are not removed from our body
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every day?
We have already learnt that different kinds of materials are produced
out of various metabolic activities. Some of these may be harmful for the
organism are removed from their body or packed and stored in some other
forms. These are all the wastes produced in the body of an organism. We
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have already discussed how organisms get rid of gaseous wastes generated
during photosynthesis or respiration. Other metabolic activities generate
nitrogenous wastes have to be removed along with salts, excess water and
several other materials. Excretion is the term coined for all the biological
process involved in separation and removal of wastes or non useful
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products from the body. (In latin ex means out, crenere means shift.) Now
let us study how excretion takes place in human being.
Excretion in Human Beings
A number of reactions take place during various metabolic activities.
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Many useful substances and energy are produced. At the same time many
other things happen such as, toxic wastes may be produced, water content
may increase, ionic balance (homeostasis) in the body may be disturbed.
The waste products include carbon dioxide, water, nitrogenous compounds
like ammonia, urea, uric acid, bile pigments, excess salts etc. The most
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poisonous of all waste products of metabolism is Ammonia.
Where are these waste materials produced? How does the body manage
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them. Is there a way to detect their presence in our body?
Now let us observe the test reports of Blood and Urine of a person
given in table-2, 3 and find out the components present in both Blood and
Urine. (For 24 hours urine test urine is collected for 24 hours From that,
100-150 ml sample will be tested.) observe the reports in the next page
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and answer the following questions.
What are the substances present in blood?
What are the substances present in urine?
What are the substances present both in blood and urine?
Which substances are present above the normal limits both in the
blood and urine?
What do you think a reading above normal limits indicates?
Free distribution by T.S. Government 2019-20 75
Table-2: DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY
REPORT ON PLASMA/SERUM (BLOOD) ANALYSIS
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TEST NAME RESULT UNITS RANGE
GLUCOSE FASTING 82 mg/dl 60-100
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SODIUM 137 mmoles/L 135-145
POTASSIUM 4.10 mmoles/L 3.5-5.0
CHLORIDES 101 mmoles/L 95-106
UREA 29 mg/dl 15-40
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CREATININE 2.8. mg/dl 0.6-1.5
URIC ACID 7.50 mg/dl 3.0-5.0
TOTAL CHOLESTEROL 221 mg/dl 150-200
TRIGLYCERIDES 167 mg/dl 60-200
CALCIUM 9.40 mg/dl 8.0-10.5
PHOSPHORUS
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4.50 mg/dl 3-4.5
BILIRUBIN (TOTAL) 0.70 mg/dl 0.1-0.8
TOTAL PROTEINS 7.20 g/dl 6.0-7.5
ALBUMIN 4.60 g/dl 3.0-5.0
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